WAVECOM Decoder

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

WAVECOM Decoder W51 Manual V6.6 WAVECOM Decoder by WAVECOM ELEKTRONIK AG PUBLISHED BY WAVECOM ELEKTRONIK AG Hammerstrasse 8 CH-8180 Buelach Switzerland Phone +41-44-872 70 60 Fax +41-44-872 70 66 Email: [email protected] Internet: http://www.wavecom.ch © by WAVECOM ELEKTRONIK AG. All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part in any form is prohibited without written consent of the copyright owner. The publication of information in this document does not imply freedom from patent or other protective rights of WAVECOM ELEKTRONIK AG or others. All brand names in this document are trademarks or registered trade- marks of their owners. Specifications are subject to change without further notice Printed: Wednesday, January 30, 2008, 15:27:39 Contents Welcome 1 GENERAL INFO ABOUT WAVECOM PRODUCTS 1 Options 1 Professional Version 2 Training 2 Source Code 2 Company Profile 3 Revisions 3 Install and Uninstall 5 W51PC Setup 5 W51PC Hardware Installation 5 W51PC Software Installation 7 First Time Start, Card Installed 9 W51PC Command Line Parameters 10 W51PC Software Un-installation 11 How to Configure DCOM 11 DCOM Configuration for Third Party Firewalls 11 How to Configure a Firewall 12 Windows Firewall Configuration 12 Optional Modules 15 Licensing 15 Software Upgrades 15 Software Options 15 Enter or Change a Key (SAT, CL, BV) 16 Enter a Key Using the User Interface 16 Enter a Key Using the WAVECOM Server Control 16 Enter or Change a License File (PACTOR-III, CLOVER-2000, CLOVER-2) 17 Preliminary Step 17 USB Dongle 18 License File 18 License File Installation 19 Operation 19 Program Start 20 Setup 21 Graphical User Interface (GUI) 22 Main Menu 22 Menu Bar 22 File Menu 23 HF-Modes 23 Analysis Modes in the HF Menu 24 FSK Modes in the HF Menu 24 MFSK Modes in the HF Menu 24 W51 Manual V6.6 WAVECOM Decoder Contents · iii PSK Modes in the HF Menu 25 MIL-STANAG and HF-ACARS Modes in the HF Menu 25 Graphic Modes and CW in the HF Menu 25 SELCAL and Others 25 Mode Selector... 25 VHF-UHF Modes 26 INDIRECT Modes in the VHF/UHF Menu 26 Analysis INDIRECT Modes in the VHF/UHF Menu 26 SELCAL Analog Modes in the VHF/UHF Menu 26 SELCAL Digital Modes in the VHF/UHF Menu 27 DIRECT Modes 27 Analysis DIRECT Modes in the VHF/UHF Menu 27 Mode Selector... 27 Demodulator Menu 27 Auto 28 Mode... 28 Demodulator Modes 28 PB Center... 31 PB Bandwidth... 31 Center... 33 Shift... 33 Baudrate... 33 Polarity... 33 Translation... 34 Input... 34 Gain... 35 Options Menu 35 Alphabet... 35 Code Statistic... 36 Letters/Figures... 36 Period... 36 Toggle 36 MSI 36 IAS 37 Cycle... 37 Time Stamp... 37 Error Indication 38 Clear Screen 38 Resync Mode 38 OSI-Level... 38 Message Type... , Display... , Display Mode... 38 Favorites Menu 39 Open... 39 Save As... 40 Setup Menu 40 W61PC Card... 40 Font... 41 Temp Files... 41 Preferences... 42 Receiver and Satellite Settings... 43 License... 44 Inputs... 44 View Menu 49 Window Menu 49 Help Menu 49 Contents 49 WAVECOM on the Web 49 About W61... 49 Button Bars 50 Toolbar 50 iv · Contents W51 Manual V6.6 WAVECOM Decoder WAVECOM Toolbar 50 Level Indicator 50 Spectrum Indicator 50 Status Bars 51 Decoder Status Bar 51 Demodulator Status Bar 51 Double-Clicking on Status Bar Fields 51 Tuning Radio Data Signals 51 Tuning a FSK (F1B) Signal 51 Tuning a Twinplex (F7B) Signal 51 Tuning a CW-Morse Signal 52 Tuning a WEATHER-FAX Signal 52 Tuning a MFSK Signal 52 Tuning an ERMES Signal 53 Mode Selector 53 HF-Modes 53 HF Analysis 54 VHF/UHF INDIRECT 54 VHF/UHF DIRECT 55 REAL-TIME FFT 55 Adjustment of the Translation Frequency 57 HF REAL-TIME FFT 57 TUNING FFT 58 VHF INDIRECT REAL-TIME FFT 60 VHF DIRECT REAL-TIME FFT 60 FFT and SONAGRAM 60 HF FFT and SONAGRAM 60 VHF INDIRECT FFT and SONAGRAM 60 VHF DIRECT FFT and SONAGRAM 61 REAL-TIME WATERFALL 61 HF REAL-TIME WATERFALL 62 VHF INDIRECT REAL-TIME WATERFALL 62 VHF DIRECT REAL-TIME WATERFALL 62 REAL-TIME SONAGRAM 62 HF REAL-TIME SONAGRAM 63 VHF INDIRECT REAL-TIME SONAGRAM 63 VHF DIRECT REAL-TIME SONAGRAM 63 REAL-TIME OSCILLOSCOPE 63 FSK ANALYSIS 65 Baud Rate and Spectrum Window 65 Waterfall Window 66 FSK Analysis Options 66 Display of Single FSK Analysis 67 HF FSK ANALYSIS 67 VHF INDIRECT FSK ANALYSIS 67 VHF DIRECT FSK ANALYSIS 68 FSK CODE CHECK 69 HF FSK CODE CHECK 69 VHF INDIRECT FSK CODE CHECK 71 VHF DIRECT FSK CODE CHECK 72 PSK SYMBOL RATE and PSK PHASE PLANE 73 HF PSK CODE CHECK 77 MIL/STANAG Code Check 78 MFSK ANALYSIS 78 HF MFSK CODE CHECK 79 Classifier (Option) 80 HF Classifier Code Check (Option) 83 AUTOCORRELATION 85 BIT CORRELATION 87 BIT LENGTH ANALYSIS 89 W51 Manual V6.6 WAVECOM Decoder Contents · v SELCAL ANALYSIS 91 Bit Inversion Mask 92 Code Statistic 92 Transmission Modes 94 Fundamentals of Radio Data Transmission 94 Telegraph speed, Bit rate, Baud rate, Symbol rate 95 Formatting and Source coding 96 Encryption 99 Channel coding 99 Equalization 101 Synchronization 102 Multiplexing and Multiple Access 102 Modulation 103 ASK (Amplitude Shift Keying) 103 FSK (Frequency Shift Keying 104 FAX 105 Baud Rates, Speeds and Modulation Types 106 ACARS 109 AIS 112 ALF-RDS 112 ALIS 113 ALIS-2 114 AMSAT-P3D 114 AUM-13 115 ARQ-E 116 ARQ-E3 117 ARQ-N 117 ARQ-M2-342 and ARQ-M2-242 118 ARQ-M4-342 and ARQ-M4-242 119 ARQ6-90 and ARQ6-98 119 ASCII 120 ATIS 121 AUTOSPEC 122 BAUDOT 122 BULG-ASCII 123 CCIR 124 CCITT 125 CHU 126 CIS-11 126 CIS-12 127 CIS-14 127 CIS-36 128 CIS-36-50 129 CIS-50-50 129 CLOVER-2 130 CLOVER-2000 131 CODAN 131 CODAN-9001 132 COQUELET-8 133 COQUELET-13 134 COQUELET-80 135 CTCSS 136 CV-786 137 CW-MORSE 137 DCS SELCAL 138 DGPS 139 DTMF 140 DZVEI 141 vi · Contents W51 Manual V6.6 WAVECOM Decoder DUP-ARQ 142 DUP-ARQ-2 143 DUP-FEC-2 143 EEA 144 EFR 145 EIA 146 ERMES 147 EURO 149 FEC-A 150 FELDHELL 151 FLEX 152 FM-HELL 153 FMS-BOS 153 GMDSS/DSC-HF 155 GMDSS/DSC-VHF 156 GOLAY/GSC 156 G-TOR 158 GW-PSK 158 GW-FSK 159 HC-ARQ 160 HF-ACARS 160 HNG-FEC 162 IAS Bit Stream Output 163 ICAO SELCAL 163 MD-674 ASYNC 164 METEOSAT 164 MFSK-8 and MFSK-16 165 MFSK-20 166 MIL-188-110A 167 MIL-188-110-39Tone, 110A or 110B 168 MIL-188-110-16Tone 170 MIL-188-110B (Appendix C), STANAG 4539 170 MIL-188-141A 173 MIL-188-141B (Appendix C) 174 MIL-M-55529A NB/WB 176 MPT-1327 176 MOBITEX-1200 179 MOBITEX-8000 180 MODAT 181 NATEL 181 NMT-450 182 NOAA-GEOSAT 183 NWR-SAME 184 EAS Event Codes 185 FIPS Area Codes 186 PACKET-300 188 PACKET-1200 189 PACKET-9600 190 PACTOR 191 PACTOR-FEC 192 PACTOR-II 192 Tuning a PACTOR-II Signal 193 PACTOR-II-AUTO 194 PACTOR-II-FEC 194 Tuning a PACTOR-II-FEC signal 195 PACTOR-III 195 PCCIR 196 PDZVEI 197 PZVEI 198 PICCOLO-MK6 and PICCOLO-MK12 199 W51 Manual V6.6 WAVECOM Decoder Contents · vii POCSAG 201 POL-ARQ 203 PRESS-FAX 203 PSK-10 204 PSK-AM 205 PSK-31, PSK-62.5, PSK-125 205 Tuning a PSK-31 Signal 206 Polarity of PSK-31 206 PSK-31-FEC 206 PSK-63F, PSK-125F, PSK-220F 207 Tuning a PSK-63F and PSK-125F Signal 208 RUM-FEC 208 SAT-AERO (Beta) 209 SAT-A-TELEX 209 SAT-B 210 SAT-C-TDM, SAT-C-TDMA, SAT-C-EGC 212 SAT-C-EGC 213 SAT-M 216 SAT-MINI-M 217 SI-ARQ 218 SI-FEC 219 SI-AUTO 219 SITOR-ARQ 219 SITOR-FEC 220 SITOR-AUTO 221 SP-14 221 SPREAD-11, SPREAD-21 and SPREAD-51 223 SSTV 224 STANAG 4285 226 STANAG 4415 228 STANAG 4481 FSK 230 STANAG 4481 PSK 231 STANAG 4529 232 STANAG 4539 234 STANAG 5065 FSK 234 SWED-ARQ 235 TWINPLEX 236 VDEW 238 WEATHER-FAX 239 VISEL 239 ZVEI-1 240 ZVEI-2 241 ZVEI-3 242 ZVEI-VDEW 243 Additional Functions 244 WAVECOM Server 244 Introduction 244 WAVECOM Server Control 244 Alarm Monitor 247 Introduction 247 Options 248 Settings 249 Run 251 Serial Link 252 Introduction 252 Getting Started 252 Status Information 253 viii · Contents W51 Manual V6.6 WAVECOM Decoder Remote Control 253 XML 253 DCOM 254 The SAT System (Optional) 254 Terms and Abbreviations 254 Overview 254 Systems 255 RF Channels 256 Logical Channels 257 MES Identification 257 Session Signaling 258 Operation 258 Trouble Shooting 259 Receiver Frequency Error Compensation 259 Signal Strength 260 Spot Beam Reception 260 Session Success (Fax) 261 SAT-A-TELEX 261 SAT-C-TDM, SAT-C-TDMA 263 Technical Data 265 Interfaces W51 265 System Components W51 266 Alphabets Details 266 Unicode 266 Teleprinter Alphabets 267 WAVECOM Data File Format 273 File Header 273 The Data structures 274 The different FileHeaders and DataStructures 275 Appendix 282 Questions & Answers 282 Signal Interference 283 General 283 Antenna installation 283 Receiver 283 HF Cabling 283 Grounding 283 Location of decoder 284 PCs and peripherals 284 Video Monitor 284 LAN 284 Conditions of Sale 284 General 284 Prices 284 Delivery time 284 Dispatch 285 Return of goods 285 Payments 285 Reservation of ownership 285 Cancellation 285 Changes of Order Quantities 285 Legal Domicile 285 Warranty 286 Obligation 286 W51 Manual V6.6 WAVECOM Decoder Contents · ix Copyright 286 Liability 286 Laws and Regulations 286 Declaration of Conformity 287 Conformity of W61PC 287 Conformity of W61LAN 288 Manufacturer Address 288 Registration Form 289 Glossary of Terms 291 Index 301 x · Contents W51 Manual V6.6 WAVECOM Decoder Welcome Congratulations on purchase of a WAVECOM decoder.
Recommended publications
  • Digital Speech Processing— Lecture 17
    Digital Speech Processing— Lecture 17 Speech Coding Methods Based on Speech Models 1 Waveform Coding versus Block Processing • Waveform coding – sample-by-sample matching of waveforms – coding quality measured using SNR • Source modeling (block processing) – block processing of signal => vector of outputs every block – overlapped blocks Block 1 Block 2 Block 3 2 Model-Based Speech Coding • we’ve carried waveform coding based on optimizing and maximizing SNR about as far as possible – achieved bit rate reductions on the order of 4:1 (i.e., from 128 Kbps PCM to 32 Kbps ADPCM) at the same time achieving toll quality SNR for telephone-bandwidth speech • to lower bit rate further without reducing speech quality, we need to exploit features of the speech production model, including: – source modeling – spectrum modeling – use of codebook methods for coding efficiency • we also need a new way of comparing performance of different waveform and model-based coding methods – an objective measure, like SNR, isn’t an appropriate measure for model- based coders since they operate on blocks of speech and don’t follow the waveform on a sample-by-sample basis – new subjective measures need to be used that measure user-perceived quality, intelligibility, and robustness to multiple factors 3 Topics Covered in this Lecture • Enhancements for ADPCM Coders – pitch prediction – noise shaping • Analysis-by-Synthesis Speech Coders – multipulse linear prediction coder (MPLPC) – code-excited linear prediction (CELP) • Open-Loop Speech Coders – two-state excitation
    [Show full text]
  • Mpeg Vbr Slice Layer Model Using Linear Predictive Coding and Generalized Periodic Markov Chains
    MPEG VBR SLICE LAYER MODEL USING LINEAR PREDICTIVE CODING AND GENERALIZED PERIODIC MARKOV CHAINS Michael R. Izquierdo* and Douglas S. Reeves** *Network Hardware Division IBM Corporation Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 [email protected] **Electrical and Computer Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 [email protected] ABSTRACT The ATM Network has gained much attention as an effective means to transfer voice, video and data information We present an MPEG slice layer model for VBR over computer networks. ATM provides an excellent vehicle encoded video using Linear Predictive Coding (LPC) and for video transport since it provides low latency with mini- Generalized Periodic Markov Chains. Each slice position mal delay jitter when compared to traditional packet net- within an MPEG frame is modeled using an LPC autoregres- works [11]. As a consequence, there has been much research sive function. The selection of the particular LPC function is in the area of the transmission and multiplexing of com- governed by a Generalized Periodic Markov Chain; one pressed video data streams over ATM. chain is defined for each I, P, and B frame type. The model is Compressed video differs greatly from classical packet sufficiently modular in that sequences which exclude B data sources in that it is inherently quite bursty. This is due to frames can eliminate the corresponding Markov Chain. We both temporal and spatial content variations, bounded by a show that the model matches the pseudo-periodic autocorre- fixed picture display rate. Rate control techniques, such as lation function quite well. We present simulation results of CBR (Constant Bit Rate), were developed in order to reduce an Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) video transmitter the burstiness of a video stream.
    [Show full text]
  • Efficient Multi-Carrier Communication on the Digital Subscriber Loop
    Efficient Multi-Carrier Communication on the Digital Subscriber Loop Donnacha Daly Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Architecture University College Dublin National University of Ireland A thesis presented to the National University of Ireland Faculty of Engineering and Architecture in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2003 Research Supervisors: Dr. C. Heneghan Prof. A. D. Fagan Head of Department: Prof. T. Brazil Abstract This thesis explores three distinct philosophies for improving the efficiency of multi-carrier com- munication on the digital subscriber loop. The first topic discussed is impulse response shortening for discrete multitone transceivers. The minimum mean-squared error impulse response shortener is reformulated to allow near-optimal rate performance. It is demonstrated that the best existing eigen-filter designed channel shortener is a particular case of the proposed reformulation. An adap- tive time-domain LMS algorithm is provided as an alternative to eigen-decomposition. The next part of the thesis examines bit- and power- loading algorithms for multitone systems. The problem of rate-optimal loading has already been solved. It is shown, however, that the rate-optimal solu- tion does not give best value for complexity, and that near optimal schemes can perform very well at a fraction of the computational cost. The final section of the thesis is a brief exposition of the use of wavelet packets to achieve multi-carrier communication. It is proposed that the non-uniform spectral decomposition afforded by wavelet packet modulation allows reduced inter-symbol inter- ference effects in a dispersive channel.
    [Show full text]
  • 16.1 Digital “Modes”
    Contents 16.1 Digital “Modes” 16.5 Networking Modes 16.1.1 Symbols, Baud, Bits and Bandwidth 16.5.1 OSI Networking Model 16.1.2 Error Detection and Correction 16.5.2 Connected and Connectionless 16.1.3 Data Representations Protocols 16.1.4 Compression Techniques 16.5.3 The Terminal Node Controller (TNC) 16.1.5 Compression vs. Encryption 16.5.4 PACTOR-I 16.2 Unstructured Digital Modes 16.5.5 PACTOR-II 16.2.1 Radioteletype (RTTY) 16.5.6 PACTOR-III 16.2.2 PSK31 16.5.7 G-TOR 16.2.3 MFSK16 16.5.8 CLOVER-II 16.2.4 DominoEX 16.5.9 CLOVER-2000 16.2.5 THROB 16.5.10 WINMOR 16.2.6 MT63 16.5.11 Packet Radio 16.2.7 Olivia 16.5.12 APRS 16.3 Fuzzy Modes 16.5.13 Winlink 2000 16.3.1 Facsimile (fax) 16.5.14 D-STAR 16.3.2 Slow-Scan TV (SSTV) 16.5.15 P25 16.3.3 Hellschreiber, Feld-Hell or Hell 16.6 Digital Mode Table 16.4 Structured Digital Modes 16.7 Glossary 16.4.1 FSK441 16.8 References and Bibliography 16.4.2 JT6M 16.4.3 JT65 16.4.4 WSPR 16.4.5 HF Digital Voice 16.4.6 ALE Chapter 16 — CD-ROM Content Supplemental Files • Table of digital mode characteristics (section 16.6) • ASCII and ITA2 code tables • Varicode tables for PSK31, MFSK16 and DominoEX • Tips for using FreeDV HF digital voice software by Mel Whitten, KØPFX Chapter 16 Digital Modes There is a broad array of digital modes to service various needs with more coming.
    [Show full text]
  • Speech Compression
    information Review Speech Compression Jerry D. Gibson Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93118, USA; [email protected]; Tel.: +1-805-893-6187 Academic Editor: Khalid Sayood Received: 22 April 2016; Accepted: 30 May 2016; Published: 3 June 2016 Abstract: Speech compression is a key technology underlying digital cellular communications, VoIP, voicemail, and voice response systems. We trace the evolution of speech coding based on the linear prediction model, highlight the key milestones in speech coding, and outline the structures of the most important speech coding standards. Current challenges, future research directions, fundamental limits on performance, and the critical open problem of speech coding for emergency first responders are all discussed. Keywords: speech coding; voice coding; speech coding standards; speech coding performance; linear prediction of speech 1. Introduction Speech coding is a critical technology for digital cellular communications, voice over Internet protocol (VoIP), voice response applications, and videoconferencing systems. In this paper, we present an abridged history of speech compression, a development of the dominant speech compression techniques, and a discussion of selected speech coding standards and their performance. We also discuss the future evolution of speech compression and speech compression research. We specifically develop the connection between rate distortion theory and speech compression, including rate distortion bounds for speech codecs. We use the terms speech compression, speech coding, and voice coding interchangeably in this paper. The voice signal contains not only what is said but also the vocal and aural characteristics of the speaker. As a consequence, it is usually desired to reproduce the voice signal, since we are interested in not only knowing what was said, but also in being able to identify the speaker.
    [Show full text]
  • Advanced Speech Compression VIA Voice Excited Linear Predictive Coding Using Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT)
    International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-2 Issue-3, February 2013 Advanced Speech Compression VIA Voice Excited Linear Predictive Coding using Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) Nikhil Sharma, Niharika Mehta Abstract: One of the most powerful speech analysis techniques LPC makes coding at low bit rates possible. For LPC-10, the is the method of linear predictive analysis. This method has bit rate is about 2.4 kbps. Even though this method results in become the predominant technique for representing speech for an artificial sounding speech, it is intelligible. This method low bit rate transmission or storage. The importance of this has found extensive use in military applications, where a method lies both in its ability to provide extremely accurate high quality speech is not as important as a low bit rate to estimates of the speech parameters and in its relative speed of computation. The basic idea behind linear predictive analysis is allow for heavy encryptions of secret data. However, since a that the speech sample can be approximated as a linear high quality sounding speech is required in the commercial combination of past samples. The linear predictor model provides market, engineers are faced with using other techniques that a robust, reliable and accurate method for estimating parameters normally use higher bit rates and result in higher quality that characterize the linear, time varying system. In this project, output. In LPC-10 vocal tract is represented as a time- we implement a voice excited LPC vocoder for low bit rate speech varying filter and speech is windowed about every 30ms.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,665,546 B2 Slaughter Et Al
    USOO6665546B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,665,546 B2 Slaughter et al. (45) Date of Patent: *Dec. 16, 2003 (54) HIGH SPEED, POINT-TO-POINT, (56) References Cited MILLIMETER WAVE DATED COMMUNICATION SYSTEM U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 5,701,591 A * 12/1997 Wong .......................... 455/63 (75) Inventors: Louis Slaughter, Weston, MA (US); 5,890.055 A * 3/1999 Chu et al...................... 455/23 Jon Hill, Socorro, NM (US); Thomas 5.936,578 A * 8/1999 Driessen et al. .............. 455/65 Lambert, Makawao, HI (US); Huan Nguyen, Annandale, VA (US); Randall (List continued on next page.) Olsen, Carlsbad, CA (US); John Lovberg, San Diego, CA (US); Primary Examiner William Trost Kenneth Y. Tang, Alpine, CA (US); ASSistant Examiner Rafael Perez-Gutierrez Vladimir Kolinko, San Diego, CA (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm John R. Ross; John R. Ross, (US) III (73) Assignee: Trex Enterprises Corporation, San (57) ABSTRACT Diego, CA (US) A point-to-point, wireless, millimeter wave trunk line com (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this munications link at high data rates in excess of 1 Gbps and patent is extended or adjusted under 35 at ranges of Several miles during normal weather conditions. U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. This link is combined with an Ethernet network to provide high Speed digital data communication among a large num This patent is Subject to a terminal dis ber of users. In a preferred embodiment a trunk line com claimer. munication link operates within the 92 to 95 GHZ portion of the millimeter spectrum.
    [Show full text]
  • Lessons from Telco & Wireless Providers
    LESSONS FROM TELCO & WIRELESS PROVIDERS: EXTENDING THE LIFE OF THE HFC PLANT WITH NEW TECHNOLOGIES Tom Cloonan, Ayham Al-Banna, Mike Emmendorfer, Zoran Maricevic, Frank O’Keeffe, John Ulm ARRIS Group, Inc. Abstract BACKGROUND This paper draws on lessons from the past (within the telecommunications space) to Introduction predict some of the new technologies that may be considered by Multiple System Operators Correctly predicting the future is a difficult, (MSOs) as they move forward into a service but critical task for any company. This is provider world of the future. It is a future that especially true when an industry is facing a will undoubtedly demand more and more time when transitions in technologies are bandwidth to be offered to subscribers over being considered- with the potential end-of- time. life for one technology approaching and prospects for the birth of a new technology After presenting some historical data on the looming in the foreseeable future. Are there evolution of telecommunications systems and ways to extend the life of the existing some new traffic engineering information on technology? Are those extensions beneficial bandwidth growth trends, the paper will or not? If a transition is to take place, when attempt to identify the life-span of the current should it take place? Should the transition be Hybrid Fiber/Coax (HFC) infrastructure done quickly or gradually? Which through which most Voice, Video, and Data technologies should be used during the services will be provided in the future. transition? Which of many available Potential techniques for extending that life- technologies should carry the load in the span will also be explored.
    [Show full text]
  • Source Coding Basics and Speech Coding
    Source Coding Basics and Speech Coding Yao Wang Polytechnic University, Brooklyn, NY11201 http://eeweb.poly.edu/~yao Outline • Why do we need to compress speech signals • Basic components in a source coding system • Variable length binary encoding: Huffman coding • Speech coding overview • Predictive coding: DPCM, ADPCM • Vocoder • Hybrid coding • Speech coding standards ©Yao Wang, 2006 EE3414: Speech Coding 2 Why do we need to compress? • Raw PCM speech (sampled at 8 kbps, represented with 8 bit/sample) has data rate of 64 kbps • Speech coding refers to a process that reduces the bit rate of a speech file • Speech coding enables a telephone company to carry more voice calls in a single fiber or cable • Speech coding is necessary for cellular phones, which has limited data rate for each user (<=16 kbps is desired!). • For the same mobile user, the lower the bit rate for a voice call, the more other services (data/image/video) can be accommodated. • Speech coding is also necessary for voice-over-IP, audio-visual teleconferencing, etc, to reduce the bandwidth consumption over the Internet ©Yao Wang, 2006 EE3414: Speech Coding 3 Basic Components in a Source Coding System Input Transformed Quantized Binary Samples parameters parameters bitstreams Transfor- Quanti- Binary mation zation Encoding Lossy Lossless Prediction Scalar Q Fixed length Transforms Vector Q Variable length Model fitting (Huffman, …... arithmetic, LZW) • Motivation for transformation --- To yield a more efficient representation of the original samples. ©Yao Wang, 2006 EE3414:
    [Show full text]
  • Linear Predictive Coding Is All-Pole Resonance Modeling
    Linear Predictive Coding is All-Pole Resonance Modeling Hyung-Suk Kim Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics, Stanford University 1 Why another article on LPC? Linear predictive coding (LPC) is a widely used technique in audio signal pro- cessing, especially in speech signal processing. It has found particular use in voice signal compression, allowing for very high compression rates. As widely adopted as it is, LPC is covered in many textbooks and is taught in most ad- vanced audio signal processing courses. So why another article on LPC? Despite covering LPC during my undergraduate coursework in electrical en- gineering, it wasn't until implementing LPC for my own research project that I understood what the goals of LPC were and what it was doing mathematically to meet those goals. A great part of the confusion stemmed from the some- what cryptic name, Linear-Predictive-Coding. \Linear" made sense, however \Predictive" and \Coding", sounded baffling, at least to the undergraduate me. What is it trying to predict? And coding? What does that mean? As we will find in the following sections, the name LPC does make sense. However, it is one catered to a specific use, speech signal transmission, possibly obscuring other applications, such as cross-synthesis. It takes a moment to understand the exclamation, \I used linear predictive coding to cross-synthesize my voice with a creaking ship!". Thus the purpose of this article is to explain LPC from a general perspective, one that makes sense to me and hopefully to others trying to grasp what LPC is.
    [Show full text]
  • English Help File by Colin Bell, 2E0BPP. To
    MixW Help Contents 25-Jul-2017 _________________________________________________________ *OVERVIEW OF MIXW 1. Welcome to MixW -- Information about the Program 2. Quick Start -- For experienced digital mode users 3. Registration -- How to become a registered user 4. Using the MixWHelp System -- Finding Information! *CONFIGURATION & SET UP 1. Configuration -- Software Settings 2. Basic Set Up -- PC/Tcvr Interface 3. PTT Circuit -- Hardware Connection 4. Configuring Macros -- Operating Efficiently *OPERATION 1. Starting Mixw - how to start Mixw 2. General Operation - for all modes 3. File Menu Items - short descriptions 4. Edit Menu Items - short descriptions 5. Options Menu Items - short descriptions 6. View Menu Items - short descriptions 7. Using the Status Bar - essential how-to 8. Logging and QSLing - essential how-to 9. Saving and Archiving - files changed for Mixw running *DIGITAL MODES CW FAX RTTY Amtor Packet Pactor PSK MFSK THROB FSK MT63 SSTV Hellschreiber Olivia Contestia RTTYM *APPENDICES 1. Cat Bar/Cat config and Bands.ini 2. Contest Operation 3. DX Cluster 4. FAQ's 5. File Descriptions 6. HF Digital Modes Band Plan 7. Keyboard Shortcuts 8. Macro Commands 9. MixW External Resources 10. MixW Installation 11. MixW Release History 12. QSLPRINT.EXE 13. Script Commands 14. The Eye of a Needle (TEOAN) 15. TNC Configuration and Operation 16. Using MixW Voice Keying 17. Using MixW with DXAtlas 18. Using MixW with other programs, DDE 19. Using the Spectrum Display 20. Using the Waterfall--Step by Step *Help Index *OVERVIEW OF MIXW _________________________________________________________ 1. Welcome to MixW -- Information about the Program 2. Quick Start -- For experienced digital mode users 3. Registration -- How to become a registered user 4.
    [Show full text]
  • History of APRS 1992 APRSTM Was First Introduced by Bob Bruninga, WB4APR, in the Fall of 1992 at the ARRL Computer Networking Conference in Teaneck, New Jersey
    CONFERENCE Puget Sound Amateur Radio TCP/IP Group Boeing Employees Amateur Radio Society (BEARS) ’ v - Conference Coordinators: / Steve Stroh, N8GNJ Keith Justice, KF7TP Steve Ford, WBSIMY Greg Jones, WD5IVD American Radio Relay League, Inc. 225 Main Street Newington, CT 06111-1494 USA tel: 860-594-0200 WWW: http:llwww.arrl.org/ Tucson Amateur Packet Radio 8987-309 E. Tanque Verde Rd #337 Tucson, Arizona 85749-9399 USA tel: 817-383-000 WWW: http://www.tapr.org Copyright 0 1996 by The American Radio Relay League, Inc. Copyright secured under the Pan-American Convention International Copyright secured This work is Publication Number 244 of the Radio Amateur’s Library, published by the League. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced in any form except by written permission of the publisher. All rights of translation reserved. Printed in USA Quedan reservados todos 10s derechos ISBN: O-87259-568-4 ARRL Order Number: 5684 First Edition On Amateur Digital Communications This is the first time I’ve participated in an ARRL Digital Communications Conference. I know that these conferences have served as a sounding board for technical ideas. Some have become standards and accepted by the mainstream. Amateur packet radio is certainly an example of amateurs contributing to the state-of-the-art. The League is now faced with increasing difficulty justifying our precious spectrum. It doesn’t at all reflect poorly on amateurs. The problem is that commercial services are seeking spectrum, on a shared basis if necessary, when they can’t get exclusive allocations. If you’d asked me earlier this year if extensive amateur use of a band would protect it against encroachment, I would have said “yes.” You will remember the saying, “Use it or lose it.” Well, we certainly can lose a band by not using it.
    [Show full text]