Kennedyite, a New Mineral of the Pseudobrookite Series

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Fe2tio5) Based Thick films

View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Serbian Academy of Science and Arts Digital Archive (DAIS) Accepted Manuscript Title: Humidity sensing properties of nanocrystalline pseudobrookite (Fe2TiO5) based thick films Authors: Maria Vesna Nikolic, Zorka Z. Vasiljevic, Miloljub D. Lukovic, Vera P. Pavlovic, Jelena Vujancevic, Milan Radovanovic, Jugoslav B. Krstic, Branislav Vlahovic, Vladimir B. Pavlovic PII: S0925-4005(18)31683-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2018.09.063 Reference: SNB 25369 To appear in: Sensors and Actuators B Received date: 15-5-2018 Revised date: 23-8-2018 Accepted date: 15-9-2018 Please cite this article as: Nikolic MV, Vasiljevic ZZ, Lukovic MD, Pavlovic VP, Vujancevic J, Radovanovic M, Krstic JB, Vlahovic B, Pavlovic VB, Humidity sensing properties of nanocrystalline pseudobrookite (Fe2TiO5) based thick films, Sensors and Actuators: B. Chemical (2018), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2018.09.063 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Humidity sensing properties of nanocrystalline pseudobrookite (Fe2TiO5) based thick films Maria Vesna Nikolic1*, Zorka Z. Vasiljevic2, Miloljub D. Lukovic1, Vera P. Pavlovic3, Jelena Vujancevic2, Milan Radovanovic4, Jugoslav B. Krstic5, Branislav Vlahovic6, Vladimir B.
Descriptive Mineralogy

Descriptive Mineralogy Oxides and Hydroxides Classification of the Minerals • Non-Silicates • Silicates – Native Elements – Orthosilicates – Halides – Sorosilicates – Sulfides – Cyclosilicates – Oxides – Chain Silicates – Hydroxides – Layer Silicates – Carbonates – Tektosilicates – Sulfates – Phosphates Simple Oxides • Hemioxides • Sesquioxides – Cuprite (Cu O) 2 – Corundum (Al2O3) – Ice (H O) 2 – Hematite (Fe2O3) • Monoxides – Bixbyite (Mn2O3) – Periclase (MgO) • Dioxides – Wüstite (FeO) – Rutile (TiO2) – Manganosite (MnO) – Anatase (TiO2) – Lime (CaO) – Brookite (TiO2) – Zincite (ZnO) – Cassiterite(SnO2) – Bromellite (BeO) – Pyrolusite(MnO2) – Tenorite (CuO) Simple Oxides Hemi-Oxides (M2O) • Ice (H2O) Hexagonal • Cuprite (Cu2O) • Why not Na2O? – (Na radius too large) Cuprite Cu2O • Occurrence: Low Temp Hydrothermal (Supergene) • Use: Minor ore of Cu Ice H2O Crystal System Hexagonal Point Group 6/mmm Space Group P63/mmc Optical Uniaxial Color Colorless Luster Vitreous Hardness 1.5 Density 0.95 Ice H2O Ice H2O Ice H2O High Pressure Phase Diagram Monoxides (MO) • Rocksalt oxides – Periclase MgO - Wüstite FeO – Manganosite MnO – Lime CaO – Bunsenite NiO • Zincite oxides: – Zincite ZnO, – Bromellite BeO • Other monoxides: – TenoriteCuO, Montroydite HgO Rocksalt Oxides MgO-FeO-MnO-CaO Crystal System Cubic Point Group 4/m-32/m Space Group Fm3m Optical Isotropic Periclase - Wüstite MgO - FeO Lower mantle phase Mg2SiO4 = MgSiO3 + MgO Ringwoodite = Perovskite + periclase Periclase MgO Sesquioxides (M2O3) • Corundum Group – Corundum Al2O3 – Hematite
Taylor Creek Tin Distrisl

tions such as Paramount Canyon, the veins TaylorCreek tin distrisl- may reach three to four centimeters in width and a few meters in height and length. A dis- seminated cassiterite halo has been noted stratigraphy,structure, around the veins in Squaw Creek. A recently discoveredrhyolite porphyry has andtiming of mineralizationintensely altered the surrounding country rock near NM-59 where the road crossesthe Conti- byTed L. Egglestonand David L Norman,New Mexico lnstitute of Miningand Technology, Socorro, NM nental Divide. This porphyry is locally quartz- sericite altered and contains as much as I go pyrite. Similar intrusives have been mapped Introduction The Taylor Creek tin district is located in by Woodard (1982) southeast of the Taylor Primary tin depositscommonly are found in the north-central Black Range some 80 km Creek region. granitic plutonic environments where the tin west of Truth or Consequences,New Mexico occurs as cassiterite in greisen veins and as (fig. l). Cassiteritenuggets were first found in Regional geology disseminations in altered granite (Taylor, placers (Fries, 1940a). in the district in 1909 The tin-bearing Taylor Creek Rhyolite is 1979).In southwest New Mexico, however, tin Shortly wood tin thereafter, cassiterite and located in the Mogollon-Datil volcanic field, a occurs as cassiterite in hematite-cassiterite were porphyritic found in vein depositsin rhy- mid-Tertiary volcanic field consisting of inter- veins which cut Tertiary rhyolite domes and placer (Hill, olite lavas as well as in deposits mediate to
MINERALS from TOPAZ MT., UTAH Cuanr,Bs Par,-A.Cuo, H Araard, U

MINERALS FROM TOPAZ MT., UTAH Cuanr,Bs PAr,-a.cuo,H araard,U niaersity. In the spring of 1933 Mr. Edwin Over, Jr. of Colorado Springs made a mineral collecting trip in the interest of the Harvard Mineralogical Museum. The largest part of his time was spent at Topaz Mt. in the Thomas Range, Utah, and he succeededin ob- taining a very fine suite of the well-known topaz of that locality. He also added several minerals to the paragenetic series there as hitherto recorded. These additions are pseudobrookite, beryl, fluorite and calcite. Topaz: The topaz collected is nearly all of the pale wine-color long known from Topaz Mt. The crystals are in part in typical lithophysae in the rhyolite, in part in small gash veins or vein-like cavities more or less completely filled with late calcite. The finest specimenis a doubly terminated crystal of beautiful quality about 3 cm. in length. The walls are lined with minute quartz crystals and the quartz continued to form throughout the period of mineral formation, as crystals of it are included both in topaz and beryl. When calcite is present it is in snow-white masses,coarsely crystal- lized, massive,and completely filling the cavities. Again it projects from the walls in platy form, the crystals showing the outline of a hexagonal prism of first order and a rough basal plane, evidently modified to a rough surface by etching. The pale purple fluorite is intermingled with it and shows no definite crystals. Bnnyr,: This mineral, so unfamiliar in such surroundings, has beenreported recently from this locality under the name of apatite.
Thermodynamics of Formation of Some Compgunds with The

A merican M ineralogist, Volume60, pages249-256, 1975 Thermodynamicsof Formationof SomeCompgunds with the Pseudobrookite-Structureand of the FeTirOu-TisOrSolid SolutionSeries AtexnNone Nnvnorsrv Departmentof Chemistry,Arizona State Uniuersity, Tempe,Arizona 8528i, Abstract The enthalpyof formationof pseudobrookite,FezTiO,, from FezOaand TiO, is found by oxidemelt solutioncalorimetry to be *1.99 * 0.15kcal mol-r (*8.33 + 0.63KJ mol-'). Thermochemicaldata for other compoundswith the pseudobrookitestructure are summarized.Pseudobrookites are "entropy- stabilized"high temperaturephases with partiallydisordered cation distributions. Their decompositionat low temperaturesto assemblagesofbinary oxides(for,{rg+Ba+Ou pseudobrookites) or to assemblagesof phasesofilmenite and rutile structure(for A'+ Bzn+Oopseudobrookites) reflects the balancebetween en- dothermicenthalpies of formationfrom theseassemblages and the substantialpositive entropies of for- mation arisingfrom the substitutionaldisorder. A simplecation distribution model is appliedto the dis- tribution of iron between4c (A) and8/(A) sitesin the FeTizOu-TisO'system, from which high Ti'Oo is predictedto havethe cation distribution(Ti'+0 o6Tie+0 go)A(Ti'+o.e6Ti3+' o.)eOu. Interchange enthalpies (or freeenergies) for the reactions:Mg'+r * Tin+e= Mg'*g + Tio+A,Fe'+A + Til+B = Fe2+s* Tia+r,and Tis+A+ Ti'+a : Tio+B+ Ti'*a are +8.6, + 13,and * l0 kcalmol-r respectively(36.0, 54, and 42 KJ mol-', respectively).MgTtOc exhibitssomewhat disordered pseudobrookite structures derived from a "normal" structurestable at low temperature,while TirOoand probablyalso FezTiOu, AlrTios, and GazTiOuhave somewhatdisordered structures derived from an "inversestructure stable at low temperature.Thus Ti'+ appearsto havea strongpreference for the 8/(A) sitesin all thesecompounds ofpseudobrookite struc- ture. Introduction with 4 A82o' formula units in the unit cell, all the cationsare in octahedralcoordination.
Physicochemical Properties of Pseudobrookite Fe2tio5 Synthesized from Ilmenite Ore by Co-Precipitation Route

Physicochem. Probl. Miner. Process., 55(1), 2019, 290-300 Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing ISSN 1643-1049 http://www.journalssystem.com/ppmp © Wroclaw University of Science and Technology Received January 19, 2018; reviewed; accepted May 4, 2018 Physicochemical properties of pseudobrookite Fe2TiO5 synthesized from ilmenite ore by co-precipitation route Mohamed H. H. Mahmoud 1,2, Mahmoud M. Hessien 1,2, Abdulrahman Alhadhrami 1, and Adel A. Gobouri 1 1 Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia 2 Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute (CMRDI), P.O. Box: 87 Helwan, Cairo, Egypt Corresponding author: [email protected] (Mohamed H. H. Mahmoud) Abstract: Pseudobrookite (Fe2TiO5) is a semiconductor with numerous potential applications. Low- grade ilmenite ore has been used as an inexpensive source of Fe and Ti for preparation of Pseudobrookite. Ilmenite was first leached with 20% hydrochloric acid for 3 h at 70°C. Co-precipitation of soluble Fe and Ti from the rich filtrate was carried out at pH ≥ 9.1 followed by calcination at different temperatures (900-1300oC) for 2 h. X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) showed that a single-phase nanocrystalline pseudobrookite powder was produced. The pH was a critical parameter for the evolution of formation the different sizes, structural morphology, and the magnetic properties of the product. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed that particles synthesized at pH 11.2 contained more agglomerations and were more porous than those synthesized at pH 9.1. As the calcination temperature increases, the Fe2TiO5 changes from a small rod-like structure to an elongated rod-like structure, and finally to interconnected aggregated crystals.
Chapter 5: Lunar Minerals

5 LUNAR MINERALS James Papike, Lawrence Taylor, and Steven Simon The lunar rocks described in the next chapter are resources from lunar materials. For terrestrial unique to the Moon. Their special characteristics— resources, mechanical separation without further especially the complete lack of water, the common processing is rarely adequate to concentrate a presence of metallic iron, and the ratios of certain potential resource to high value (placer gold deposits trace chemical elements—make it easy to distinguish are a well-known exception). However, such them from terrestrial rocks. However, the minerals separation is an essential initial step in concentrating that make up lunar rocks are (with a few notable many economic materials and, as described later exceptions) minerals that are also found on Earth. (Chapter 11), mechanical separation could be Both lunar and terrestrial rocks are made up of important in obtaining lunar resources as well. minerals. A mineral is defined as a solid chemical A mineral may have a specific, virtually unvarying compound that (1) occurs naturally; (2) has a definite composition (e.g., quartz, SiO2), or the composition chemical composition that varies either not at all or may vary in a regular manner between two or more within a specific range; (3) has a definite ordered endmember components. Most lunar and terrestrial arrangement of atoms; and (4) can be mechanically minerals are of the latter type. An example is olivine, a separated from the other minerals in the rock. Glasses mineral whose composition varies between the are solids that may have compositions similar to compounds Mg2SiO4 and Fe2SiO4.
Orthorhombic (Fe2tio5)-Monoclinic (Cr2tio5) Solid Solution Series

Ceramics International xxx (xxxx) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Ceramics International journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ceramint Orthorhombic (Fe2TiO5)-monoclinic (Cr2TiO5) solid solution series: Synthesis by gel routes, coloring and NIR reflectivity evaluation ⁎ S. Cerro, C. Gargori, M. Llusar, G. Monrós Dpt. of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Jaume I University, Av. de Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n., 12071 Castellón, Spain ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: CrxFe2-xTiO5 compositions of the solid solutions series from pseudobrookite Fe2TiO5 to monoclinic Cr2TiO5 have Solid solution been prepared by the ceramic route and gel methods. At 1400 °C, pseudobrookite crystallizes in the x = 0–0.4 Pseudobrookite Fe TiO 2 5 range, both pseudobrookite and monoclinic Fe-Cr2TiO5 coexist at x = 0.5, while in the range x = 0.7–1.5 Monoclinic Cr2TiO5 monoclinic Fe-Cr2TiO5 crystallizes. Powders were 5 wt% glazed within a double-firing frit and the composition Cool pigment with x = 0.1 fired at 1000 °C exhibits the best red color (L*a*b* = 43.2/18.8/12.5), showing an intense band at 520 nm in the UV–Vis–NIR absorption spectrum associated with Cr4+ in octahedral coordination. The unit cell volume of the pseudobrookite decreases smoothly with the chromium amount, associated with the entrance of 4+ 4+ 3+ Cr replacing Ti , while the volume of the Fe-Cr2TiO5 unit cell increases with the entrance of Fe replacing Cr3+. The use of flux agents, the compaction pressure and the gel methods increase the crystallization of pseudobrookite but do not improve the reddish color, which is associated with the concentration of Cr4+ in the pigment.
Geology of the Beryllium Deposits in the Thomas Range Juab County, Utah

Geology of the Beryllium Deposits in the Thomas Range Juab County, Utah By MORTIMER H. STAATZ CO~~TRIBUTIONS TO ECONOJVIIC GEOLOGY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1142-M A study of the surface geology of the beryll£um depos£ts, wh£ch occur tn tuffs of T ert£ary age UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT .PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1963 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printin~ Office Washln~ton 25, D.C. CONTENTS Page Abstract__________________________________________________________ ~1 Introduction______________________________________________________ 3 Purpose and scope of study___ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ 3 Uses, production, and occurrence of beryllium_____________________ 3 Location_____________________________________________________ 4 History and previous work______________________________________ 4 Present work and acknowledgments______________________________ 8 Ge&ogY---------------------------------------------------------- 9 Geologic setting_ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ __ _ _ __ _ __ __ _ _ __ __ _ __ __ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ __ 9 Paleozoic sedimentary rocks_ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ __ __ _ __ __ _ _ _ __ _ __ __ __ 10 Tertiary volcanic rocks ___ '-_____________________________________ 11 Older volcanic group and associated sedimentary rocks_________ 12 Dark labradorite rhyodacite____________________________ 12 Rhyodactle___________________________________________ 12 Quartz-sanidine
04 Schrader Short Course Chapter

Terrestrial and Lunar Geological Terminology Christian Schrader, MSFC/BAE Systems Introduction This section is largely a compilation of defining geological terms concepts. Broader topics, such as the ramifications for simulant design and in situ resource utilization, are included as necessary for context. Mineral Definition and overview A mineral is a naturally occurring inorganic substance with characteristic chemical composition and internal order. The internal order is the arrangement of atoms that make up a mineral’s crystal structure. The summary of major lunar minerals and their properties is shown in Appendix 1. Good sources for understanding the mineralogy of the Moon are The Lunar Sourcebook (ed. by Heiken et al, 1991), New Views of the Moon (ed. by Jolliff, et al., 2006), and Lunar Mineralogy (Frondel, 1975). Standard references for mineralogy in the context of geology and physical chemistry are Deere et al. (1992) and Gaines et al. (1997). The Moon is strongly depleted in volatile elements relative to the Earth. This is + manifested by a complete lack of known H2O- and OH -bearing minerals (e.g., clays and micas) and a paucity of Na-bearing minerals on the Moon. Conversely, there are few minerals on the Moon that do not occur on Earth, and those that are restricted to the Moon are generally related to terrestrial minerals; e.g., lunar armacolite is an extension of the terrestrial pseudobrookite mineral group (Frondel, 1975). However, the chemical compositions of lunar minerals may vary from their terrestrial counterparts. In addition to the relative depletion of volatiles, the lunar environment has a significantly lower oxygen 2+ fugacity (fO2) than that of the Earth.
Bixbyite (Mn , Fe )2O3 C 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, Version 1 Crystal Data: Cubic

3+ 3+ Bixbyite (Mn , Fe )2O3 c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Cubic. Point Group: 2/m 3. As cubes, rarely modiﬁed by {112} or {111}, commonly striated, to 6 cm; massive. Twinning: On {111}, as penetration twins. Physical Properties: Cleavage: {111}, in traces. Fracture: Irregular. Hardness = 6–6.5 VHN = 946–1402 (100 g load). D(meas.) = 4.945 D(calc.) = 5.031 Optical Properties: Opaque. Color: Black. Streak: Black. Luster: Metallic. Optical Class: Isotropic. R: (400) 24.7, (420) 24.1, (440) 23.5, (460) 23.0, (480) 22.8, (500) 22.9, (520) 23.3, (540) 23.6, (560) 23.5, (580) 23.2, (600) 22.9, (620) 22.7, (640) 22.4, (660) 22.2, (680) 22.2, (700) 22.1 Cell Data: Space Group: Ia3. a = 9.411 Z = 16 X-ray Powder Pattern: Synthetic Mn2O3. 2.72 (100), 1.664 (30), 3.84 (25), 2.01 (14), 1.845 (14), 1.4191 (14), 2.35 (12) Chemistry: (1) (2) (3) SiO2 1.21 0.00 TiO2 1.70 Al2O3 2.53 2.02 Fe2O3 47.98 14.86 50.29 Mn2O3 82.56 49.71 MnO 42.05 MgO 0.10 0.07 O 4.38 Total 99.95 99.51 100.00 (1) Thomas Range, Utah, USA; average of two analyses. (2) Postmasburg, South Africa; by electron microprobe. (3) (Mn, Fe)2O3 with Mn:Fe = 1:1. Occurrence: In lithophysal cavities in rhyolite; in metamorphosed manganese ores. Association: Topaz, spessartine, beryl, quartz, sanidine, pseudobrookite, hematite (rhyolites); braunite (manganese ores).
33832: Uncommon and Rare Minerals

33832: Uncommon and Rare Minerals The minerals listed here are from a collection rich in uncommon species and/or uncommon localities. The descriptions in quotes are taken from the collection catalog (where available). The specimens vary from pretty and photogenic to truly ugly (as is common with rare species). Some are just streaks, specks, and stains. Previous dealer labels are included where available. Key to the size given at the end of each listing: Small cabinet = larger than a miniature; fits in a 9 x 8 cm box. Miniature = fits in a 6 x 6 cm box, but larger than a thumbnail. Thumbnail = fits in a standard Perky thumbnail box. Small = fits in a box which (fits inside a standard thumbnail box; sometimes a true micromount. FragBag = a set of two or more chunks in a small plastic bag. Anatase, Chlorite, and Quartz. Binn Valley, Valais, Switzerland. "Small yellow-brown crystals implanted on quartz crystals. Surface coated with granular green chlorite. Fair specimen but from a famous locality." From Southwest Scientific. Miniature. Anatase. Sunny Prospect, White Mountains, Mono County, California. "Translucent orange bipyramidal crystal on rock. Darker smaller crystal more difficult to see is close to the larger crystal." Supplier not recorded. Very small. Azurite. Bisbee, Cochise County, Arizona. "Small azurite 'roses' on small rock fragment. The azurite spheroids appear to consist of slightly curved flattened plates in an overlapping spiral. Attractive under magnification." From David Shannon. Very small. Beryllite. Ilímaussaq complex, Narsaq, Kujalleq, Greenland. "White chalky masses thinly scattered on/in rock with crude reddish black neptunite and pyrochlore (?)." From Mineralogical Research.