National Register of Historic Places Inventory

Form No. 10-306 (Rev. 10-74) m UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THH INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM FOR FEDERAL PROPERTIES SEE INSTRUCTIONS IN HOW TO COMPLETE NATIONAL REGISTER FORMS TYPE ALL ENTRIES -- COMPLETE APPLICABLE SECTIONS

NAME MULTIPLE RESOURCE SUBMISSION FOR HISTORICALLY AND ARCHITECTURALLY HISTORIC SIGNIFICANT RESOURCES IN GLACIER NATIONAL PARK, MONTANA

AND/OR COMMON . ...,. -.. / 4 LOCATION

STREET & NUMBER

C?1a.r."f P-T* Nflfinnal Park n/a_NOT FOR PUBLICATION ' CITY. TOWN CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT West Glacier .x_ VICINITY OF 1 . STATE COUNTY CODE Montana w Flathead 029 CLASSIFICATION

CATEGORY OWNERSHIP STATUS PRESENT USE ^DISTRICT 5.PUBLIC ^OCCUPIED _AGRICULTURE —MUSEUM _BUILDING(S) —PRIVATE ^.UNOCCUPIED —COMMERCIAL 2LPARK —STRUCTURE —BOTH —WORK IN PROGRESS —EDUCATIONAL —PRIVATE RESIDENCE _SITE PUBLIC ACQUISITION ACCESSIBLE —ENTERTAINMENT ._RELIGIOUS —OBJECT —IN PROCESS 2LYES: RESTRICTED X.GOVERNMENT —SCIENTIFIC x_Multiple —BEING CONSIDERED _YES: UNRESTRICTED _INDUSTRIAL —TRANSPORTATION Besource x n/a —NO —MILITARY —OTHER: AGENCY

REGIONAL HEADQUARTERS: (If applicable) National Park Service, Rocky Mountain Region STREETS* NUMBER 655 Parfet Street; P.O. Box 25287 CITY, TOWN STATE Denver VICINITY OF CO 80225 LOCATION OF LEGAL DESCRIPTION

COURTHOUSE, REGISTRY OF DEEDS. ETC Glacier National Park Headquarters

STREET & NUMBER n/a CITY. TOWN STATE West Glacier MT I REPRESENTATION IN EXISTING SURVEYS

TITLE List of Classified Structures (LCS) DATE Oliveril975: HRAT982 X.FEDERAL —STATE —COUNTY —LOCAL DEPOSITORY FOR SURVEY RECORDS NationaJLuPark Service, Rocky Mountain Region CITY. TOWN STATE Denver CO DESCRIPTION

qc CHECK ONE CHECK ONE

2LEXCELLENT _DETERIORATED J2LUNALTERED 2LORIGINALSITE JLGOOD '' - _RUINS 2LALTERED X MOVFO OATF n/a X_FAIR _UNEXPOSED DESCR | BE THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL (IF KNOWN) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE

Glacier National Park is located in Flathead and Glacier Counties in north western Montana, along the United States-Canada border and the Continental Divide. Three major drainages converge in this area. Melting snows from Triple Divide Peak drain into the Pacific Ocean via the Flathead and Columbia Rivers; into the Atlantic Ocean via the Missouri-Mississippi .River systems to the Gulf of Mexico; and into Hudson Bay via the St. Mary and Saskatchewan Rivers. Glacier Park covers a little over 1 million acres and joins its Canadian counterpart, Waterton Lakes National Park, the combined parks being known as Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park. It was created by the combined efforts of Canadian and American Rotarians . The two Parks are woven together by a network of trail systems and international waterways . The east side of Glacier National Park is bounded by the Blackfeet Indian Reservation, while on the south and west sides, it is bounded by the Flathead and Lewis and Clark National Forests. The primary features of Glacier National Park are the spectacular mountain scenery, glaciers and glacial sculpturing, mountain lakes, wild flowers, and a wide variety of wildlife.

The following structures, complexes, districts, and sites are included in the Multiple Resource Nomination for Glacier National Park. Separate cover pages describe the relationship of each structural group to the major themes of park deve lopment, and their relationship to the natural and man-made environment. Individual forms for each structure present information on location, classification, architec tural description, historical development, integrity and significance, and bibliographic reference. More detailed information on the general historical signi ficance of the park structures is provided under Item 8, Significance.

Ranger Stations

"Belly River Ranger Station Historic District """"Bowman Lake Ranger Station -East Glacier Ranger Station Historic District Kintla Lake Ranger Station Kishenehn Ranger Station Historic District Logging Creek Ranger Station Historic District Polebridge Ranger Station Historic District ;,,,St. Mary Ranger Station - Sherburne Ranger Station Historic District Swiftcurrent Ranger Station Historic District i-Upper Lake McDonald Ranger Station Historic District Walton Ranger Station Historic District orm No. tp-300a lev 10-74) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FOR NPS USE ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE RECEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM DATE ENTERED

CONTINUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER 7 PAGE 2

Patrol, Snowshoe, and Backcountry Cabins ^

Bowman Lake Patrol Cabin Fielding Snowshoe Patrol Cabin Ford Creek Patrol Cabin Logan Creek Patrol Cabin Upper Logging Lake Snowshoe Cabin Lower Logging Lake Snowshoe Cabin (& Boathouse) Upper Nyack Creek Snowshoe Cabin Lower Nyack Creek Snowshoe Cabin Upper Park Creek Patrol Cabin Lower Park Creek Patrol Cabin Pass Creek Snowshoe Cabin Quartz Lake Patrol Cabin Slide Lake Patrol Cabin (& Woodshed) - Upper Kintla Lake Patrol Cabin ,

Fire Lookouts

Apgar Heaven's Peak >"Huckleberry Loneman --Mount Brown iNuma Ridge Scalplock Swiftcurrent

Miscellaneous Structures and Sites

Gunsight Pass Shelter .Ptarmigan Tunnel i. Two Medicine General Store -Nyack Ranger Station Barn and Fire Cache McCarthy Homestead SIGNIFICANCE

PERIOD AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE - CHECK AND JUSTIFY BELOW

—PREHISTORIC —ARCHEOLOGY-PREHISTORIC _COMMUNITY PLANNING ^-LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE —RELIGION — 1400-1499 _ARCHEOLOGY-HISTORIC _CONSERVATION —LAW —SCIENCE X_J\GRICULTURE 1500-1599 —ECONOMICS —LITERATURE —SCULPTURE _1600-1699 2LARCHITECTURE —EDUCATION —MILITARY —SOCIAL/HUMANITARIAN .—ART 1700-1799 X_ENGINEERING —MUSIC —THEATER 1800 1899 —COMMERCE ^-EXPLORATION/SETTLEMENT —PHILOSOPHY ^-TRANSPORTATION ?_1900- —COMMUNICATIONS —INDUSTRY ^.POLITICS/GOVERNMENT —INVENTION

SPECIFIC DATES n/a BUILDER/ARCHITECT n/a STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE The significance of historic resources in Glacier National Park is their rela tionship to prominent themes in park history: early exploration and settlement; creation and expansion of tourism; and extension of administrative control. Home stead structures and the remains of early twentieth century oil exploration enter prises reflect the pre-Park (1910) period of settlement in the North Fork of the Flathead River valley. The distinctive hotels and chalets of Glacier and the unique engineering resource of the Going-to-the-Sun Highway evidence the park's primary, attraction as a tourist retreat. Park officials have been concerned for minimizing intrusions on the beauty of Glacier by their use of rustic architecture and the placement of administrative buildings. The structures included in the multiple resource nomination for Glacier National Park exemplify the development of these major historical themes.-* The Early Development of Glacier National Park

Before the 1880s, white exploration in the rugged Glacier area often was con templated, seldom attempted, and rarely resulted in significant success. The promise of mineral wealth drew some of the first adventurers to the area now known as Glacier National Park. These prospectors settled briefly in mining camps such as Altyn and drifted to areas of short-lived strikes. Prior to the creation of Glacier National Park (in 1910), miners filed almost 2,000 mineral claims within what are now the Park boundaries. The possibility of substantial mineral deposits and oil fields lured individuals and organized mining interests to both the east and west slopes of the Continental Divide. Many initial wagon roads in Glacier's eastern valleys and along the North Fork of the Flathead River resulted from ore extraction and oil-drilling enterprises. The dilapidated remains of unprofitable ventures such as the Cracker Lake Mine and the Butte Oil Well recall this era of Glacier's pre-Park history. .,-.; "., . ..:;,' . >*'* In contrast to the minimal success in mineral and oil exploration, completion of the Great Northern Railroad produced immediate and significant consequences*. In July 1893, James J. Hill's Great Northern Railroad railroad reached the West Coast. Crossing the Continental Divide through Marias Pass, the Great Northern obtained a right-of-way through the mountains that later formed the southern boundary of Glacier

^References consulted in researching the history and architectural history of Glacier National Park are cited in Item 9.

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MAJOR BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES

See Con tinuation Shee t

3GEOGRAPHICAL DATA ACRE^dE OF NOMINATED PROPERTY See Continuation Sheet UTM REFERENCES See Continuation Sheet

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See Continuation Sheets

LIST ALL STATES AND COUNTIES FOR PROPERTIES OVERLAPPING STATE OR COUNTY BOUNDARIES (eatire park only)

STATE '*',"•-.: CODEso COUNTY CODE ^Ji^tlrijv;'^ • .; , ",. ." Glacier 035

TELEPHONE (406H721-1958 STATE ; MT 59807-7086

NO. NONE.

In cbmpliahce with Executive Order 11593,1 hereby hbminate this property to tha National Register,certifying thattljfe Srate Historic Preservatioh Officer has been allowed 90 days in which to present th^nomination to the State Review Board and to evaluate its significance. The evaluated level of signj^cajcce is._-.National _lC-State __Local. FEDERAL REPRESENTATIVE SIGNATURE

TITLE

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;;::;i;t;1:;;::;i;^|l.;;i^;il::jl';::^ll;;^!:^ NPS Form 10-900-a OMB No. 1024-0018 (342) Expires 10-31-87 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register off Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form

Continuation sheet Item number I Multiple Resource Area dnr-11 Thematic Group

State Nomination/Type of Review

l' Apgar Fire Lookout " Attest

Belly River Ranger Station Historic District

East Glacier danger Station Historic District

Kintla Lake Ranger Station Historic District

Kishenehn Ranger Station 0 Keeper Historic District " Attest Logging Creek Ranger Station Historic District

Polebridge Ranger Station Historic District '

Sherburne Ranger Station Historic District

Swift cur rent Ranger Station Historic District

10. ,^PPer Lake McDonald Ranger Station Historic District NFS Form 10-900-a OMB No . 1024-UU1U (3-82) . Expires 10-31-87 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form

Continuation sheet Item number

Multiple Resource Area Thematic Group

Name Glacier National Pakk Multiple Resource Area State Flathead County, MONTANA Nomination/Type of Review Date/Signature Walton Ranger Station Historic

.12. Bowman Lake Patrol Cabin

13. Fielding Snowshoe Patrol Cabin

14. Ford CreeE Patrol Cabin

15. Gunsight Pass Shelter

16. Heaven f s--Peak Fire Lookout

17. Huckleberry Fire Lookout

18. Logan Creek Patrol Cabin

19. Loneman Fire Lookout

y 20. Lower Logging Lake Snowshoe Cabin and Bo at house 0MB No. 1024-0018 Expires 10-31-87 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register off Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form

Continuation sheet Item number Page

Multiple Resource Area Thematic Group

Name Glacier National Park Multiple Resource Area State ______Flathead County, MONTANA Nomination/Type of Review Date/Signature

21. Lower Nyack Showshoe Cabin B.

22. Lower Park Creek Patrol eper Cabin Attest i/^jf/_ 23. McCarthy Homestead Cabin •-, $ 67 r v Attest -p. -G&i 24. Mount Brown Fire Lookout *-*MP v Attest 25. Numa Ridge Fire Lookout Attest 26. Nyack Ranger Station Barn and Fire Cache

V 27. Pass Creek Showshoe Cabin

Attest IJJ/jl/idH^ 28. Ptarmigan Tunnel tjJ^iA^L^ Attest

29. Quartz Lake Patrol Cabin AiiA^ Attest r'm 30. St. Mary Ranger Station IJ/M*~^^M*«MMd«B^B^^»«M^I^BHHM^^^^^H g. it NFS Form 10-900-a 0MB NO. 1O24-001 (741) EXP. 12/31/84- United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form

Continuation sheet Item number Page

Multiple Resource Area Thematic Group

Name Glacier National Park Multiple Resource Area State Flathead County, Nomination/Type of Review Date/Signature 31. Scalplock Mountain Fire Lookout

32. Skyland Camp Bowman Lake Ranger Station

33. Slide Lake-Otatso Creek- Patrol Cabin and Woodshed

34. Swiftcurrent Fire Lookout

35. Two Medicine General Store

36. Upper Kintla Lake Patrol Cabin

37. U^per Logging Lake Snowshoe Cabin

38. Upper Nyack Snowshoe Cabin

39. Upper Park Creek Patrol Cabin

40.