ORISSA REVIEW VOL. LXVII NO. 5 DECEMBER - 2010 SURENDRA NATH TRIPATHI, I.A.S. Principal Secretary BAISHNAB PRASAD MOHANTY Director-cum-Joint Secretary LENIN MOHANTY Editor Editorial Assistance Bibhu Chandra Mishra Bikram Maharana Production Assistance Debasis Pattnaik Sadhana Mishra Manas R. Nayak Cover Design & Illustration Hemanta Kumar Sahoo Manoj Kumar Patro D.T.P. & Design Raju Singh Manas Ranjan Mohanty Photo The Orissa Review aims at disseminating knowledge and information concerning Orissa’s socio-economic development, art and culture. Views, records, statistics and information published in the Orissa Review are not necessarily those of the Government of Orissa. Published by Information & Public Relations Department, Government of Orissa, Bhubaneswar - 751001 and Printed at Orissa Government Press, Cuttack - 753010. For subscription and trade inquiry, please contact : Manager, Publications, Information & Public Relations Department, Loksampark Bhawan, Bhubaneswar - 751001. E-mail : [email protected] Five Rupees / Copy [email protected] Visit : http://orissa.gov.in Contact : 9937057528 (M) CONTENTS Shree Mandir 1 Good Governance 3 Preamble Census Administration-Now And Then i Census Operations, 2011 11 ii Census of India, 1931 (Bihar and Orissa) 15 iii The Census Act,1948 19 History & Geographical Spread of Census i Census in Different Countries of the World 25 ii History of Indian Census 36 Portraits - India and Orissa i India Profile 45 ii Orissa-Population Portrait 2001 61 iii Orissa-Housing Profile 65 Portraits - Districts of Orissa i Anugul 71 ii Balangir 75 iii Baleshwar 79 iv Bargarh 83 v Baudh 87 vi Bhadrak 91 vii Cuttack 95 viii Dhenkanal 99 ix Debagarh 103 x Gajapati 107 xi Ganjam 111 xii Jagatsinghapur 115 xiii Jajapur 119 xiv Jharsuguda 123 xv Kalahandi 127 xvi Kandhamal 131 xvii Kendrapara 135 xviii Kendujhar 139 xix Khordha 143 xx Koraput 147 xxi Malkangiri 151 xxii Mayurbhanj 155 xxiii Nabarangapur 159 xxiv Nayagarh 163 xxv Nuapada 167 xxvi Puri 171 xxvii Rayagada 175 xxviii Sambalpur 179 xxix Sonepur 184 xxx Sundargarh 188 Analysis and Used Samples i Data Processing Technology Adopted in Censuses of India 195 ii Utilisation of Census Data 198 iii Primitive Tribal Groups of Orissa : An Evaluation of Census Data 202 iv Orissa Data Highlights : The Scheduled Tribes - Census of India 2001 206 v Orissa Data Highlights : The Scheduled Castes 210 vi Reasons for Migration in Orissa (Inter-State)- 2001 214 vii A Comparative Analysis of Sex Differential in Survival Rates (SDSR) 218 viii Gender Imbalance in Socio-economic and Demographic Characteristics, 2001 Census 223 ix Workers in Orissa 231 x Housing Scenario in Orissa 236 xi Frequently Asked Questions(FAQ) on Census 239 Census Special Source : Directorate of Census Operations, Orissa WE REMEMBER Pathani Samanta WE REMEMBER Maharaja Shriram Chandra Bhanja Deo Orissa Review (Census Special) Shree Mandir (THE TEMPLE OF LORD JAGANNATH) The Temple and the lcon-The temple of Jagannath with the main deities and worshipped. The built on elevated ground about twenty feet above platform made of stone is 16 ft. long, 13 ft. wide the level of the surrounding area, presents an and 4 ft. high. There is a circumambulating pat imposing sight and can be seen from miles away. around the platform. The height of the main temple or Vimana above the road level is 214.8”. It is a fine specimen of The temple has two massive enclosures. the ‘Pancharatha’ style of Orissan temple The two concentric stone walls known as architecture. The construction of the present KURMA PRACHIRA (Or inner wall measuring edifice is credited to Anantavarman Chodaganga 400’ x 278’) and MEGHANADA PRACHIRA Dev (1078-1147 A.D.) of the illustrious Ganga (Or outer wall measuring 665’ x 644’ with height Dynasty. The main shrine consists of four-distinct varying from 20’ to 24’) were constructed in the building viz., the Vimana or the Great Temple, regin of Pursottama Deva (1467-1497) and ‘Jagamohan’ or the Hall of Audience, Kapilendra Deva (1435-1467) respectively. The ‘Natamandapa’ the Dancing Hall and whole temple complex comprises an area of 10.7 ‘Bhogamandapa’ or the refractory. The acres. The space between the temple complex Natamandapa is approachable by two entrances and the inner enclosure goes by name of KURMA on the north and south. The main entrance from BEDHA owing to its shape resembling a tortoise. Natamandapa to Jagamohan is called Jaya Bijaya The temple has four gates at the eastern, Dwar and there is another door to Jagamohan on southern, western and northern mid-points of the the south side. The only entrance door to Vimana outer wall, known as ‘SIMHADWARA (Lions is known as Kalahata Dwara, which is considered Gate), ASHWA DWARA (Horse Gate), very sacred. VYAGHRA DWARA (Tigers Gate) and HASTI The images of Jagannath, Balabhadra, DWARA (Elephants Gate). They are said to Subhadra and Sudarshana are installed in the inner represent Dharma, Mana, Vairagya and sanctuary of the temple on a raise platform called Aishwarya. In front of the Singhadwara is installed the ‘Ratnavedi’ or the jewelled platform. The the ARUN STAMBHA made of a single solid miniature images of Laxmi, Saraswati and chlorite stone and upon it beautiful Arun squat in Madhab are also placed on the Ratnavedi along obeisance. December - 2010 1 Orissa Review (Census Special) FAIRS AND FESTIVALS OF LORDS (vi) Bali Vamana Vesha-The 12th day of the (i) December-January (Pausa)-Navanna bright fortnight of Bhadraba and Dhanu Sankranti (vii) Raja Vesha-The 10th day of the bright (ii) January-February (Magha)-Makara fortnight of Aswina, the full moon of Sankranti and Sripanchami Pausa and the full moon of Phalguna. (iii) February-March (Phalguna)-Dola (viii) Radha Damodar Vesha-The 10th day of Purnima the bright fortnight of Aswina, the full moon of Pausa and the full moon of (iv) April-May (Baisakha)-Chandan Jatra Phalguna. (v) May-June (Jyestha)-Nrusingha Janma & (ix) The Thia Khia Vesha-The 11th day of Snana Jatra bright fortnight of Kartika (vi) June-July (Asadha)-Ratha Jatra and (x) Bankachuda Vesha-The 12th day of the Bahuda Jatra bright fortnight of Kartika (vii) July-August (Sravana)-Jhulana Jatra (xi) Nagarjuna Vesha-During Panchuka in the (viii) August-September (Bhadraba)-Krushna month of Kartika Janmastami and Kaliya Dalana (xii) Adakia Vesha-The 13th day of the bright (ix) September-October (Aswina)- Durga fortnight of Kartika Puja and Dashara (xiii) Talkia Vesha-The 14th day of the bright (x) October-November (Kartika)-Rasa fortnight of Kartika Purnima, Kartika Purnima, Panchuka (xiv) Raja Rajeswari Vesha-The full moon of (xi) November-December (Margasira)- Kartika Prathamastami (xv) Padma Vesha-The 2nd day of the bright fortnight of Magha THE VESHAS (COSTUMES) OF LORD JAGANNATH (xvi) Sradha Vesha-From the 1st to 3rd day of the dark fortnight of Magha (i) Suna Vesha-The 11th day of the bright (xvii) Gaja Uddharana Vesha-The full moon of fortnight of Asadha Magha (ii) Banabhojee Vesha-The 10th day of the (xviii) Chacheri Vesha-From the 9th day of the dark fortnight of Bhadraba bright fortnight to the full moon of (iii) Kaliya Dalana Vesha-The 11th day of the Phalguna dark fortnight of Bhadraba (xix) Chandana Lagi Vesha-From the 19th day (iv) Pralambasura Badha Vesha-The 12th day of dark fortnight to the full moon of of the dark fortnight of Bhadraba Jyestha (v) Krushna Balaram Vesha-The 13th day of (xx) Gajanana Vesha (Ganesh Vesha)- the dark fortnight of Bhadraba Devasnana Purnima. 2 December - 2010 Orissa Review (Census Special) he glorious re-emergence of present Government in Orissa evoked new spirit and enthusiasm Tamong the people. Backed by the overwhelming support of the people, the Government led by Shri Naveen Patnaik pursued hard to improve the socio-economic condition in the face of many challenges. The Government from the very beginning adopted the attitude of retrospection of policies and programmes undertaken during the earlier phase of its tenure and devised appropriate strategies to improve the quality of lives. In accelerating the pace of development, the Government of Orissa clearly outlined its prime objective of human development. It concentrated on a meaningful and effective development framework and also identified the growth engines directing thereby all its policies and programmes to be anchored in a social context. It sincerely tried to reflect the development priorities of the targetted public where all its interventions are applied. The Government led by Shri Patnaik consistently endeavoured to encourage effective and efficient use of available resources for furthering the well-being of the people of Orissa. The major initiatives launched in the field of Public Enterprises and Planning and Co-ordination Departments are as follows :- PUBLIC ENTERPRISES DEPARTMENT Public Enterprise reform has assumed priority under the reform agenda worldwide since the early 1980s. In India, at the Central level and at the State Government level the process has gained momentum with economic liberalization. The Government of Orissa has adopted the process of reform with restructuring of Power Sector and now implemented in other sectors of public enterprises. In spite of the difficulties, reform has become essential to ensure higher growth, promote efficiency, provide competition, improve quality of life and provide good governance. The Government of Orissa is determined to achieve a higher economic growth rate for the State through economic and social developments including development of industry, improvement