DOCSLIB.ORG

Atomic Energy Authority

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Atomic Energy Authority —''• '- ,!• INlS-mf —14534 AREAEA/ Seminar Series No. 1 ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT ATOMIC ENERGY AUTHORITY THE IRPS-AEA SEMINAR ON CURRENT TRENDS IN RADIATION PHYSICS Editors M.A. GOMAA A.Z. ELBEHAY G.M. HASSIB A.M. ELNAGGAR Printed By AEA Information Centre 1993 NUCLEAR INFORMATION CENTRE ATOMIC ENERGY POST OFFICE CAIRO, ARE Seminar Series No. 1 ATOMIC ENERGY AUTHORIT iNTERNATIONAL RADIATION PHYSIC SOCIETEY The IRPS-AEA Joint Seminar on Current Trends in Radiation Physics 21 November !992 Editors M. A. GOMAA A Z ELBEHAY G. M. HASSIB A M. EL NAGGAR i- y : - r. t • l-'j^ r >. 58 ;•'•) ' ;". -"'. (• > •)t- w^--.i,\ nor.) ArjD i' rf - • Y Forward Ourinc the second ha!f of November .99? two important functions in ••hi.M"-" physu;;. tooK place in Fgyul The fust wau during 15- 19th Novembei at -.f:f city ;.,f Oena '.vhieM hosted at the Univorstiy campus Tho conference was attended by hundred Radiation Physicists ?tom Egypt, the Arab countries. India. 5- •.)!!•:.• otvji Japan /• who'.o day four of rhe cay of' u<os was one of the touristic rn j!:i> ;M-... • /' th" ;.<..; ••?<>•• <.:'.)<.>• Dfof F H ri^fi imacj rhsiiman of the Atomic Energy : ^,,:':o!' Y .IP' r>- .!' A'.-'lei-hJdi Ai Karr;r;i V;d; President of Ass.'ut •..'r!i'.--:f,•'•:!'"•'•:.•!'..J S';v.r;'^ :;.'v:v<!oci tho c:oi:forenoj with their knowledge and r ••:••;••:,;'!•>"• '••' . - •: ..--*".--. •-- ri--. 1 = pK>..>-:-'1inQt-. .vni .if>::>.-a m rhp May I994 issue of .....)• ••:.•,; '-.t R-i.^ifi!.,-.!: f;h,',, •. ;n:a Jh^n^suy Pu^i'sh'j'j by Pergumon Press.. :. Cunr: ;h. O./H .' ,>f rh..-iritni-njiiun,?! Radiation Physics society "IRPS" •-.(.! ••..••ni'vf '.-•: '.•:••;; '-j.i -Kii-no^tir.Q. on Novembpr ?Oth 199? The meebng was >it:>.::i'.1<'(7 i \ '-'•''!•,* :,' A Gor?iyfj :vi.J Prof G.M Hass'b fiom AEA. Egypt, as o!r-.. >\ •.•:-. •"': s v.',-j-, ii-,\ny.'t--d on rjovtvn!>er 2"-A by a full day 1RPS-AEA joint :"r 'i-i.-i/n .I. me 'Ci!<i'.';it Ti».:nd'.. in Radiation phyb.iCj' Three IRPS council "•.''•<-\'j>•••• p:O-...!''-'u:: ~\uc a's-1 AEA sciontisr- Topics included subjects on r 1 "--'•• •'•'•' f.i:.-' 'r..•(.•<:. [ •;•*•-.rn^ntiii RycjidHor Phyr^iCv. Aspects of uppl!cat:on; •>:•.,;•• ••'•:<•:•:),- w.^-.i':•-r •. .'i Tumour coii kti'i.ng. and Radon Monitoring for ri. '*'"!;•.(.,-.;•.{• --ff.vi!,.•;,-.•: :,••(• -. onipifte event v/a--. 0 trumpet of success by al! 1 •• .'.•.:.'!••. *• ii: ••:.>., :•»•'•''•••! ir•:.'•: £!vf^ogod about hund-«o arid twenty scientists who •..M:;; .'\)[--.', ••<> .'.•.-., • <r ••!'•• --.Ting jt:d --'irriulatiny di'scub^ions •'• .-'• • •-' •;..' •;..'••-••: .-,.•.. -•ndtK.tec; late 16 orii > on the same days and honouied ••,• --H- •>fiir;c;i'\-.. • ' .; '.>>"<>i!ancy the cn-n.-n^T*:' of Electricity and Eneigy. The ••'•'f1-'1.: •.'/.!•• -..w-'tji..;. ci !••• :.-ay cnbiite to the oiuneeif. of radiation and nuclear : f •-•'••/ ••--.:. :"' c;vp- ,.>.^i. •• •; P'of M'-'K nt<ji. r^of F!- iarii ^rof Hadarah. Prof E!- p- ••••'•• • -;' :' ;' '•- •••' y>^',.i '"'.'"• Auirni;- Fue'yy embiern was pressented to ;'•••.• .i'' • ,•; •..:••::••;..••. ;' ':n:u ^;o^ijplivt .-jnd achiovornrnts in thoir scientific •• • .•• '> • ••: IT • '••••\-\nt-:i the co'npk-K: work ot the joint seminal on current : M.-:..r.,-i ;•',•....•:, CaiirOith ••Jov^-rn^t'. !992 We thank fnnds who •i- .1 •••:" :;•• '•••••• ' r"; r;-,.•('.• support in i..ifdc! to cairv out our future plans •:•'!..-i., (. ;/'•;•;!;",ri- • >' wJdi3tion °nysic^ Conference W^ -Vo.riii;i Prof AZEf-Behay f'i M r-iii-.. ..!-. P»of AM Ei-Naggar CCJKO Auyus! 1993 - 1 - AXIAL AND SPHERICAL SYMMETERY IN EXPERIMENTAL RADIATION PHYSICS A.M. Ghose Variable Enerqv Cyclotron Centre, Calcutta Abstract The accuracy attainable in experimental radiation physics often depeds critically on the geometry linking the source, scatterer and detector along with the spectral response of the detector. Some of the recent advances in this field will be described with special reference to: 1. Scatterer optimization problem for time of flight measurement using d-t neutrons. 2. Absolute measurement of energy absorption coefficients for gamma rays by sphere transmission technique. 3. Exact equivalence of modified cylindrical and spherical geometry and its applications. - 2 ~ SYMMETRYJNVARIANCE AND SCALING IN EXPERIMENTAL RADIATION PHYSICS A.M. GHOSE VECC, CALCUTTA.INDIA 1- SYMMETRY, INVARIAHCE, SCALING SPATIAL, TEMPORAL AND SCALE SYMMETRIES 2- BASIC SPATIAL SYMMETRIES r = const., 0 = const., 0 = const., sph. symm, S of R, pot 3- NEED FOR DETECTOR DEVELOPMENT USS.RR.SF 4- EXAMPLES (a) Production of Monoenergetic Neutrons Opmisation of TOF Geometry (b) Measurement of uen (c) Cylindrical Symm. Modified Cylindrical Geometry 5- TEMPORAL SYMMETRY. 6- SCALING SYMMETRY 7- POLARISATION - ESOTERIC EXPTS. 8- CONCLUSION. -3 - Fig (1) S =the effective centre of the source, D =the effective centre of the detector, SD=the symmetry axis of the system, T atypical point on the target2, P -fixed reference plane through SD, 0 =the angle of scattering and <p =the azimuthal' a'ngle. Angular coordinates in a typical radiation physics experiment. Spherically symmetric • geometry Phenomenon Spherr i-ansmisston technique independent S = point source of angular T = Infinltesimally thin coordinates target concentric 8 and <p with the source D n constant fraction cie'iGctor with ideal characteristics Fig. 2 Ideal spherically symmetric geometry for processes or phenomena independent of angular corj.'dinates 0 d Axlally •»• symmetric geometry Phenomenon Independent of <pbut depends on B (b) surface of revolution geometry S =. point source T = taroat, Infinitesimaily thin ring in (a), infinitesimally thin surface of revolution in (b) 8 a direct beam stopper D a dateetor of neglibly small dimensions Fig. 3 (a) Ideal ring geometry (b) Ideal surface of revolution geometry Circular arc geometry Circular arc technique Phenomenon depends on S = point source both the angular D = ideal point detector coordinates 9 and 99 B = direct beam stopper T -J Inflnltesimally thin target Ideal circular arc geometry for angle dependent Fig entities Fig (5) Ideal cyiindrically symmetrical geometry with Infinitely long line source S, infinitely long, infinites!ma!ly thin target T and infinitely long detector D. Fig (6) Fig (7) Energy E of the incident radiation —- tnergy E of the incident radiation -— Uniform spectral sensitivity counter for the measure- Proportional response counter for the measurement of ment of total absorption cross section <raby the sphere energy absorption cross section o^by the spectra transmission technique method - 7 - Fig (8) I 2. o Eo Enargy £ of the Incident radiation — Spectral response of an Ideal detector for sphere trans- mission measurement of non-elastic cross sectionone - 8 - Fig (9) A - Carbon filter B - Aluminium filter C - Copper filter D - Tin filler x 1- w 0,1 CO ^>» b? 2.0 3.0 4.0 Energy of photons (MeV) —- Paraxial efficiency of a 20 g/cm2 Nal/TI crystal fitted with optimum filters of different compositions. - 9 - Fig (10) •''" *.' •'*/*,*' •f Schematic design of the experimental arrangement used in measuring (jj.«n/p).for p.araffin-wax; S denotes the photon source, S1 & H^Q wax spherical absorbing shell and filter respectively, C the detector collimation, D the Nal detector and S1 and S2 the cylindrical Pb detector shielding and composite fluorescence shield respectively. A similar arrangement was employed for cylindrical absorbing shells for detector to source separations in the range 2.5 to 5.0m. - 10 Table 1 Detector - Source (Hen/p) Separation (m) (m2kg-i) x 10-3 2.0 3.8 + 0.02 2.5 3.6 +0.02 3.0 3.3 + 0.02 4.0 3.2 + 0.02 5.1 3.3 + 0.02 Measured values of (jien/p) as a function of source to detector separation. Fig (II) 1.50 Biswas etal Present experiment to __.- .. ideal counter u3 1.00 ^>^0r~ • mm —~ ~* mm ••• *•" ••"» «•• MI — "BBr'*^, o CD s 0.50 / Mitra eta! "53 0.1 0.5 T.o "~ 1.5" Energy E of photons \r. W&V Normalised efficiences of different proportional res- ponse systems. 1 '"' '!72 Rotation for the third reading Schematic arrangement of the ivjunoenergetic secon- dary neutron source for the measurement of activation cross sections. N.G. = d-b neutron generator for ptimary neutron S = tritium target which is the source location of the prim- ary neutrons C =• hydrogenous converter B = direct beam stopper shadow bar T = sample whose cross section for secondary neutrons under study - 13 - - 03> Scattering geometry in the time-of-rlig,ht meJhod. Surface-of-revoluiion configuration in ihc time-of-fiight rnetliod. 14 - Ring or linn cylinder 8000 3000- 4000- 3000- 2000- 1000- 0.980 0.985 0.990 0.99*; 1.00C 1.005 1.010 t' Line tliapc in the lime specira of neutrons clanically rc-aCcrctl !>y pm'oits. ' ,cj"r.;c,:;; the mean val i« of f' for the line. - 15 - Fig(15) OD-J High efficiency polarimeter system proposed for spin half partices. i ,-; - D\_ R2 n< Double interaction polgrlrneter for nucleons. Fig (16) 3 05 CD O c zr a.. Uniform > !Q> activation 8 ° ^—J at source Decay or a" a cooling of OQ O -i CD » the activities CO EL-4 CD Detector 1 o to count o activities o* I Detector 2 »» o <• 5 (0 - IS V Fig (18) Fig (20) Fig (19) a ^ Ai.'-ii~;un- foil b s Sphenca! scintillator c = Light guide (Perspex) d =: Photomultiplier e = Photocatode { -.- Silicone high viscocity fluid g x Black tape. —9 Energy of neutrons — Optical coupling of a spherical scintillator to a photomultiplier Existence of a scale factor m in the relative efficiency curves of biased recoil photon neutron detectors. Fig (21) Fig (22) (12.5, 12.0} G.iV- (12.5, ",i.Q) ,L O2.s. 11.5) 0 ."! i 0.6- E 0.4! o J2 0.4 (13.5. 11.0) I (13.5, 11.0) CO 0.2 0.2 (12.0.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • UC Irvine UC Irvine Previously Published Works
    UC Irvine UC Irvine Previously Published Works Title Astrophysics in 2006 Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5760h9v8 Journal Space Science Reviews, 132(1) ISSN 0038-6308 Authors Trimble, V Aschwanden, MJ Hansen, CJ Publication Date 2007-09-01 DOI 10.1007/s11214-007-9224-0 License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 4.0 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Space Sci Rev (2007) 132: 1–182 DOI 10.1007/s11214-007-9224-0 Astrophysics in 2006 Virginia Trimble · Markus J. Aschwanden · Carl J. Hansen Received: 11 May 2007 / Accepted: 24 May 2007 / Published online: 23 October 2007 © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007 Abstract The fastest pulsar and the slowest nova; the oldest galaxies and the youngest stars; the weirdest life forms and the commonest dwarfs; the highest energy particles and the lowest energy photons. These were some of the extremes of Astrophysics 2006. We attempt also to bring you updates on things of which there is currently only one (habitable planets, the Sun, and the Universe) and others of which there are always many, like meteors and molecules, black holes and binaries. Keywords Cosmology: general · Galaxies: general · ISM: general · Stars: general · Sun: general · Planets and satellites: general · Astrobiology · Star clusters · Binary stars · Clusters of galaxies · Gamma-ray bursts · Milky Way · Earth · Active galaxies · Supernovae 1 Introduction Astrophysics in 2006 modifies a long tradition by moving to a new journal, which you hold in your (real or virtual) hands. The fifteen previous articles in the series are referenced oc- casionally as Ap91 to Ap05 below and appeared in volumes 104–118 of Publications of V.
    [Show full text]
  • March 21–25, 2016
    FORTY-SEVENTH LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE CONFERENCE PROGRAM OF TECHNICAL SESSIONS MARCH 21–25, 2016 The Woodlands Waterway Marriott Hotel and Convention Center The Woodlands, Texas INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT Universities Space Research Association Lunar and Planetary Institute National Aeronautics and Space Administration CONFERENCE CO-CHAIRS Stephen Mackwell, Lunar and Planetary Institute Eileen Stansbery, NASA Johnson Space Center PROGRAM COMMITTEE CHAIRS David Draper, NASA Johnson Space Center Walter Kiefer, Lunar and Planetary Institute PROGRAM COMMITTEE P. Doug Archer, NASA Johnson Space Center Nicolas LeCorvec, Lunar and Planetary Institute Katherine Bermingham, University of Maryland Yo Matsubara, Smithsonian Institute Janice Bishop, SETI and NASA Ames Research Center Francis McCubbin, NASA Johnson Space Center Jeremy Boyce, University of California, Los Angeles Andrew Needham, Carnegie Institution of Washington Lisa Danielson, NASA Johnson Space Center Lan-Anh Nguyen, NASA Johnson Space Center Deepak Dhingra, University of Idaho Paul Niles, NASA Johnson Space Center Stephen Elardo, Carnegie Institution of Washington Dorothy Oehler, NASA Johnson Space Center Marc Fries, NASA Johnson Space Center D. Alex Patthoff, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Cyrena Goodrich, Lunar and Planetary Institute Elizabeth Rampe, Aerodyne Industries, Jacobs JETS at John Gruener, NASA Johnson Space Center NASA Johnson Space Center Justin Hagerty, U.S. Geological Survey Carol Raymond, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Lindsay Hays, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Paul Schenk,
    [Show full text]
  • Digitalcommons@UTEP
    University of Texas at El Paso DigitalCommons@UTEP Open Access Theses & Dissertations 2017-01-01 Her Alessandra Narvaez-Varela University of Texas at El Paso, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.utep.edu/open_etd Part of the Creative Writing Commons, and the Women's Studies Commons Recommended Citation Narvaez-Varela, Alessandra, "Her" (2017). Open Access Theses & Dissertations. 509. https://digitalcommons.utep.edu/open_etd/509 This is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UTEP. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UTEP. For more information, please contact [email protected]. HER ALESSANDRA NARVÁEZ-VARELA Master's Program in Creative Writing APPROVED: Sasha Pimentel, Chair Andrea Cote-Botero, Ph.D. David Ruiter, Ph.D. Charles Ambler, Ph.D. Dean of the Graduate School . Copyright © by Alessandra Narváez-Varela 2017 For my mother—Amanda Socorro Varela Aragón— the original Her HER by ALESSANDRA NARVÁEZ-VARELA, B.S in Biology, B.A. in Creative Writing THESIS Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at El Paso in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF FINE ARTS Department of Creative Writing THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT EL PASO December 2017 Acknowledgements Thank you to the editors of Duende for publishing a previous version of “The Cosmic Millimeter,” and to the Department of Hispanic Studies at the University of Houston for the forthcoming publication of a chapbook featuring the following poems: “Curves,” “Savage Nerd Cunt,” “Beauty,” “Bride,” “An Education,” “Daddy, Look at Me,” and “Cut.” Thank you to Casa Cultural de las Américas for sponsoring the reading that made this chapbook possible.
    [Show full text]
  • Action Figures
    Action Figures Star Wars (Kenner) (1977-1983) Power of the Force Complete Figures Imperial Dignitary Masters of the Universe (1982-1988) Wave 1 Complete Figures Battle Ram (Vehicle) Castle Grayskull (Playset) Accessories Man-At-Arms - Mini-comic (The Vengeance of Skeletor), Mace, Leg Armor Zodac - Mini-comic (The Vengeance of Skeletor or Slave City!) Beast Man - Whip, Spiked Arm Band, Spiked Arm Band Mer-Man - Mini-comic Teela - Snake Staff Wave 2 Accessories Trap Jaw - Mini-comic (The Menace of Trap Jaw!), Hook Arm, Rifle Arm Wave 3 Complete Figures Battle Armor He-Man Mekaneck (figure and accessories detailed below) Accessories Battle Armor Skeletor - Ram Staff Webstor - Grapple Hook with string Fisto - Sword Orko - Mini-comic (Slave City!), Magic Trick Whiplash - Mini-comic (The Secret Liquid of Life) Weapons Pack - Yellow Beast Man Chest Armor, Yellow Beast Man Arm Band, Gray Grayskull Shield, Gray Grayskull Sword Mekaneck - Club, Armor Wave 4 Complete Figures Dragon Blaster Skeletor (figure and accessories detailed below) Moss Man (figure and accessories detailed below) Battle Bones (Creature) Land Shark (Vehicle) Accessories Dragon Blaster Skeletor - Sword, Chest Armor, Chain, Padlock Hordak - Mini-comic (The Ruthless Leader's Revenge) Modulok - 1 Tail, Left Claw Leg Moss Man - Brown Mace Roboto - Mini-comic (The Battle for Roboto) Spikor - Mini-comic (Spikor Strikes) Fright Zone - Tree, Puppet, Door Thunder Punch He-Man - Shield Wave 5 Complete Figures Flying Fists He-Man Horde Trooper (figure and accessories detailed below) Snout
    [Show full text]
  • A Message from the Director-General
    A message from the Director-General I am very glad to be able to contribute this introduction to the first CERN COURIER of 1962. We have been without our journal for quite a long time, but we can now look forward to seeing it regularly again once a month. CERN COURIER is an important publication of ours, because not only does it serve to link together all members of the Organization, and their families, but it also has a strong part to play in showing CERN to the member States and to other parts of the world. This institution is remarkable in two ways: It is a place where the most fantastic experiments are carried out. It is a place where international co-operation actually exists. These two statements call for some explanation: It is difficult to appreciate the full significance of an activity if all one's energy is devoted to it. The everyday work accomplished at CERN Message from the Director- hides its real importance, the tremendous impact of what is going on General 2 here. What I am tempted to call the 'romantic glory' of our work is over­ looked. But you must never forget that in the PS, at the moment when Last year at CERN 3 the beam hits a target, at the moment when matter undergoes a transfer Radiation safety at CERN . 4 of energy, you have created conditions which probably do not exist Johan Baarli 8 anywhere else in the universe, not even in the explosions of super-nova stars. What an opportunity to penetrate the innermost structure of matter CERN theoretical conference .
    [Show full text]
  • Interaction Laser Plasma Dans Le Régime Relativiste : Application À La
    Interaction laser plasma dans le r´egimerelativiste : Application `ala production de sources ultrabr`eves de particules ´energ´etiques. Mauro Manclossi To cite this version: Mauro Manclossi. Interaction laser plasma dans le r´egime relativiste : Application `ala produc- tion de sources ultrabr`eves de particules ´energ´etiques..Physics. Ecole Polytechnique X, 2006. English. <pastel-00002571> HAL Id: pastel-00002571 https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002571 Submitted on 28 Jul 2010 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destin´eeau d´ep^otet `ala diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publi´esou non, lished or not. The documents may come from ´emanant des ´etablissements d'enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche fran¸caisou ´etrangers,des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou priv´es. Th`ese pr´esent´ee`al’Ecole´ Polytechnique pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DE L’ECOLE´ POLYTECHNIQUE ET DE L’UNIVERSITA` DI MILANO-BICOCCA Sp´ecialit´e: Lasers et Mati`ere par Mauro MANCLOSSI Ultra High Intensity laser produced fast electron transport in under-dense and over-dense matter soutenue publiquement le 19 Avril 2006 devant le Jury compos´ede : M. Dimitri BATANI Universit`adi Milano Bicocca, Italie Directeur de th`ese M. Tom HALL University of Essex, Angleterre M. Maurizio LONTANO Istituto di Fisica del Plasma ”Piero Caldirola”, Italie Rapporteur M. Victor MALKA Ecole´ Polytechnique, France Directeur de th`ese M. Vladimir TIKHONCHUK Universit´ede Bordeaux I, France Pr´esident du Jury M.
    [Show full text]
  • Kasliwal Phd Thesis
    Bridging the Gap: Elusive Explosions in the Local Universe Thesis by Mansi M. Kasliwal Advisor Professor Shri R. Kulkarni In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California 2011 (Defended April 26, 2011) ii c 2011 Mansi M. Kasliwal All rights Reserved iii Acknowledgements The first word that comes to my mind to describe my learning experience at Caltech is exhilarating. I have no words to thank my “Guru”, Professor Shri Kulkarni. Shri taught me the “Ps” necessary to Pursue the Profession of a Professor in astroPhysics. In addition to Passion & Perseverance, I am now Prepared for Papers, Proposals, Physics, Presentations, Politics, Priorities, oPPortunity, People-skills, Patience and PJs. Thanks to the awesomely fantastic Palomar Transient Factory team, especially Peter Nugent, Robert Quimby, Eran Ofek and Nick Law for sharing the pains and joys of getting a factory off-the-ground. Thanks to Brad Cenko and Richard Walters for the many hours spent taming the robot on mimir2:9. Thanks to Avishay Gal-Yam and Lars Bildsten for illuminating discussions on different observational and theoretical aspects of transients in the gap. The journey from idea to first light to a factory churning out thousands of transients has been so much fun that I would not trade this experience for any other. Thanks to Marten van Kerkwijk for supporting my “fishing in new waters” project with the Canada France Hawaii Telescope. Thanks to Dale Frail for supporting a “kissing frogs” radio program. Thanks to Sterl Phinney, Linqing Wen and Samaya Nissanke for great discussions on the challenge of finding the light in the gravitational sound wave.
    [Show full text]
  • The Nuclear Physics of Muon Capture
    Physics Reports 354 (2001) 243–409 The nuclear physics of muon capture D.F. Measday ∗ University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Rd., Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z1 Received December 2000; editor: G:E: Brown Contents 4.8. Charged particles 330 4.9. Fission 335 1. Introduction 245 5. -ray studies 343 1.1. Prologue 245 5.1. Introduction 343 1.2. General introduction 245 5.2. Silicon-28 350 1.3. Previous reviews 247 5.3. Lithium, beryllium and boron 360 2. Fundamental concepts 248 5.4. Carbon, nitrogen and oxygen 363 2.1. Properties of the muon and neutrino 248 5.5. Fluorine and neon 372 2.2. Weak interactions 253 5.6. Sodium, magnesium, aluminium, 372 3. Muonic atom 264 phosphorus 3.1. Atomic capture 264 5.7. Sulphur, chlorine, and potassium 377 3.2. Muonic cascade 269 5.8. Calcium 379 3.3. Hyperÿne transition 275 5.9. Heavy elements 383 4. Muon capture in nuclei 281 6. Other topics 387 4.1. Hydrogen 282 6.1. Radiative muon capture 387 4.2. Deuterium and tritium 284 6.2. Summary of g determinations 391 4.3. Helium-3 290 P 6.3. The (; e±) reaction 393 4.4. Helium-4 294 7. Summary 395 4.5. Total capture rate 294 Acknowledgements 396 4.6. General features in nuclei 300 References 397 4.7. Neutron production 311 ∗ Tel.: +1-604-822-5098; fax: +1-604-822-5098. E-mail address: [email protected] (D.F. Measday). 0370-1573/01/$ - see front matter c 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Transistors Bioengineers Are Applying the Concepts of Electrical Engineering to Control Genes More Precisely and Flexibly
    THE MAGAZINE OF TECHNOLOGY INSIDERS SPECTRUM.IEEE.ORG 3.11 BIOLOGICAL TRANSISTORS BIOENGINEERS ARE APPLYING THE CONCEPTS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING TO CONTROL GENES MORE PRECISELY AND FLEXIBLY SUPERCONDUCTIVITY’S FIRST CENTURY SUPERSTRONG MAGNETS ARE NICE, BUT WHAT’S NEXT? REPACKAGING THE CHIP NEW DESIGNS ARE MAKING SMARTPHONES SMARTER 3.Cover.NA.INT.indd 2 2/18/11 9:28 AM Think of Us as The innovaTors Behind The innovaTors. Today more than ever, creativity defines your field. Innovation is your focus. For over 20 years, The Hartford has facilitated innovation through business insurance dedicated to Technology and Life Science. We provide property and casualty, errors and omissions coverage, management liability, benefit solutions and more to companies of all sizes. And, we’ll grow with you as your business evolves. To learn more about how The Hartford can insure your company’s innovation, go to thehartford.com/info/technology. With The Hartford behind you, achieve what’s ahead of you.® Insurance is provided by the property and casualty insurance companies of The Hartford Financial Services Group, Inc., Hartford, CT 03a.Cov2.NA.indd 2 2/17/11 1:24 PM CLIENT / Hartford (HFG CO) PROD MGR / Cheryl Sparks PUBS / IEEE Spectrum Prepared by AD# / P00329-D1 TRAFFIC / Kathy Goebel Electronic Design TITLE / “Innovators” DIG ART / Evan Willnow MEDIA / 4-color Magazine ART DIR / Chad Stierwalt SIZE / 7.875" x 10.5" trim WRITER / Tom Townsend 7.75" x 10.625" trim ACCT MGR / Chace MacMullen ©2010. All rights reserved. 314.436.9960 7" x 10" live PREPARED / 12/22/2010 8.125" x 10.875" bleed URL / thehartford.com/info/technology volume 48 number 3 north american 3.11 30 38 50 cov Er Story 30 a memory of webs past The Web is vast and constantly changing.
    [Show full text]
  • Creating Extended Landau Levels of Large Degeneracy with Photons
    Creating Extended Landau Levels of Large Degeneracy with Photons Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Kuan-Hao (Waylon) Chen, Physics, M.S. Graduate Program in Physics The Ohio State University 2018 Dissertation Committee: Prof. Tin-Lun Ho, Advisor Prof. Ilya Gruzberg Prof. Stuart Raby Prof. Rolando Valdes-Aguilar c Copyright by Kuan-Hao (Waylon) Chen 2018 Abstract Large degeneracy in Landau levels is a key to many quantum Hall phenomena. Geometric effects on quantum Hall states is another interesting problem that can probe the correlations in the quantum Hall states. A recent experiment has reported a result in creating the energy levels and the wave functions of Landau problem in a cone with photons. Based on their system, we generalize the scheme and discover a way to create extended degenerate levels with considerably larger degeneracy than that of the conventional Landau levels. To fully understand how to achieve this degenerate levels with photons, we also present the relevant topics in optics that are not familiar to condensed matter community to make it self-contained. The reason of this dramatically large degeneracy is that each degenerate level contains the whole spectrum of a Landau problem in a cone. In another words, we compress the spectrum of a two-dimensional system into one single energy. This considerably large degeneracy is expected to cause dramatic phenomena in quantum Hall and many-body physics. We suggest experimental measurements that could show this discovery. ii To the fifteen year-old boy that wants to be a physicist.
    [Show full text]
  • Cyclotron Resonance in Solid-State Plasma
    Introduction N THE FACE OF IT, "SOLID-STATE PLASMA" is a O contradiction in terms. How can one have a plasma (a word derived from the Greek, meaning "plastic" or "fluid" and used to describe a collec­ CYCLOTRON RESONANCE IN tion of mobile charged particles) and simultane­ SOLID-STATE PLASMA ously a solid, manifestly a crystalline collection of atoms rigidly fixed in a uniform lattice? The answer T.O. Poehler and J.R. Ape! is to be found in the collective behavior of electrons in the material. Crystals (except for insulators) contain a number of electrons free to wander about between lattice sites. These electrons are largely responsible for the current-carrying properties of the solid; they also contribute to the infrared and optical characteris­ prototype controlled thermonuclear reactors under tics of the material in a way that depends, among study by gas plasma physicists the world over. other things, upon their concentration nco The pro­ In most of these applications, an externally­ gression from a nearly insulating, optically trans­ imposed magnetic field B plays an important role­ parent crystal such as diamond, through the silver­ it establishes in the solid a second characteristic sheened semiconductors like silicon or germanium, frequency, the electron cyclotron frequency We = to the highly conducting metals is best typified by eB/ mc, where B is the magnetic field in gauss and a monotonic increasing electron concentration. At c is the velocity of light. Recall that this frequency any concentration, there exists a characteristic fre­ is the angular rate at which an electron gyrates in quency W p , the plasma frequency, equal to (47rnce2 / a magnetic field; it also causes a striking aniso­ mEL) !, for which the crystal becomes transparent to tropy in the propagation features of any electro­ electromagnetic radiation of angular frequency magnetic wave traversing the sample.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Superman As a Reflection of American Society
    Bellarmine University ScholarWorks@Bellarmine Undergraduate Theses Undergraduate Works 4-26-2020 Dissecting the Man of Steel: The Evolution of Superman as a Reflection of American Society Marie Gould [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.bellarmine.edu/ugrad_theses Part of the Children's and Young Adult Literature Commons, Literature in English, North America Commons, Modern Literature Commons, Political History Commons, Social History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Gould, Marie, "Dissecting the Man of Steel: The Evolution of Superman as a Reflection of American Society" (2020). Undergraduate Theses. 45. https://scholarworks.bellarmine.edu/ugrad_theses/45 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Undergraduate Works at ScholarWorks@Bellarmine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Undergraduate Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@Bellarmine. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Dissecting the Man of Steel: The Evolution of Superman as a Reflection of American Society by Marie Gould Advisor: Dr. Aaron Hoffman Readers: Dr. Casey Baugher Dr. Kathryn West 1 Table of Contents Abstract 2 Introduction 2 Objectives 4 Methodology 4 Chapter 1: Creation Years (1938-1939) 6 Chapter 2: World War II (1941-1945) 12 Chapter 3: The 50s and 60s (1950-1969) 17 Chapter 4: The 70s and 80s (1970-1989) 22 Chapter 5: The 90s and 2000s (1990-2010) 27 Conclusion 31 Bibliography 33 2 Abstract Since his debut during the Great Depression in 1938, Superman has become an American cultural icon. His symbol is not only known throughout the nation, but the world as well.
    [Show full text]