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Whitewashing: a Study on the Last Airbender Movie

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Whitewashing: a Study on the Last Airbender Movie WHITEWASHING: A STUDY ON THE LAST AIRBENDER MOVIE A THESIS In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Sarjana Degree Majoring American Cultural Studies in English Department Faculty of Humanities Diponegoro University Submitted by Gneissa Aulia Rahma Nirmala 13020114130056 FACULTY OF HUMANITIES DIPONEGORO UNIVERSITY SEMARANG 2018 1 PRONOUNCEMENT The writer honestly confirms that she compiles this thesis entitled “Whitewashing: A Study on The Last Airbender Movie” by herself and without taking any results from other researchers in S-1, S-2, S-3 and in diploma degree of any university. The writer ascertains also that she does not quote any material from other publications or someone’s paper except from the references mentioned. Semarang, June 5th 2018 Gneissa A.R. Nirmala i MOTTO AND DEDICATION “The best way to predict your future is to create it.” - Abraham Lincoln “Learn from yesterday, live for today, hope for tomorrow.” - Albert Einstein “Success is walking from failure to failure with no loss of enthusiasm.” - Winston Churchill I, with all my heart, dedicated this thesis to my parents, who pour me with their love, and my friends, who push me back up when I was at my lowest stage. ii iii iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Praised to Allah SWT, as only for His blessings and grace that this thesis entitled “Whitewashing: A Study on The Last Airbender Movie” might come to completion. The greatest appreciation and gratitude goes to my thesis advisor Prof. Dr. Nurdien H. Kistanto, M.A. for his guidances, advices, and suggestions throughout the making of this thesis. In addition, I would also like to send my gratitude to these following people: 1. Dr. Redyanto M. Noor, M.Hum., as the Dean of the Faculty of Humanities, Diponegoro University. 2. Dr. Agus Subiyanto, M.A., as the Head of the English Department, Faculty of Humanities, Diponegoro University. 3. All of the great lecturers in English Department, especially in American Studies section Faculty of Humanities, Diponegoro University, who have shared their knowledge and experiences so that I could be able to finish the study. 4. My parents, M. Hanif Arkanie and Eni Zuniati, for giving me their love, support, and advices despite all odds. 5. The Ambyar girls, Irene Heni, Nadhifa Azzahra, and Fatimah Azzahra, who have always been by my side since day one through hardships and indescribable moments. 6. The one and only, Dhesanto Surya Gani. Thank you for keeping my mind sane and giving me comfort every time I need it. v 7. All of the students of the English Department Class of 2014, particularly the students from B class and American Cultural Studies section, for all the memories and the laughs. 8. All of those in the Futsal Yahud team for dragging me to the field so that I could at least do something for my unhealthy body. 9. Tim KKN II Undip 2017, Desa Korowelang Kulon, Kecamatan Cepiring, Kab. Kendal, or the Koro-Koro Squad, Mas Anang, Uda Vido, Danhes, Paxia, Marlita, Sophy, and Kirana. It was a thrilling experience during our days back in the village. It has also been an amazing 42-day of living together. As this thesis has been completed, I am fully aware that this thesis is still far from perfect. Therefore, by this, I will gladly receive any constructive criticism, recommendations, and suggestions to improve this thesis. I do hope that this thesis will be useful for those studying racism in Hollywood movie industry. Semarang, June 5th 2018 Gneissa A.R. Nirmala vi TABLE OF CONTENTS PRONOUNCEMENT……………………………………………………………..i MOTTO AND DEDICATION……………………………………………………ii APPROVAL……………………………………………………………………iii VALIDATION………………………………………………………………….iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT………………………………………………………..v TABLE OF CONTENTS ………………………………………………………vii LIST OF PICTURES………………………………………………………….viii ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………….……...xi CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………. 1 1.1. Background of the Study……………………………………… 1 1.2. Purpose of the Study ………………………………………….. 3 1.3. Scope of the Study ……………………………………………..3 1.4. Methods of Study………………………………………………...3 1.5. Previous Studies ………………………………………………. 5 1.6. Organization of the Writing ……………………………………6 CHAPTER II SYNOPSIS OF THE LAST AIRBENDER ……………………….7 CHAPTER III THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK……………………………….10 3.1. Intrinsic Aspects……………………………………………….10 3.1.1. Narrative Elements.....……………………………………. 10 3.1.2. Cinematic Elements ………………………………………..12 3.2. Extrinsic Aspects………………………………………………20 3.2.1. Racism ……………....………………………………………20 3.2.1.1. Whitewashing ……………………...……………………….23 CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS 4.1. Intrinsic Aspects ……………………………………………….25 4.2. Extrinsic Aspects ………………………………………………48 4.2.1. The Forms of Whitewashing……………………………….48 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION ………………………………………………….56 BIBLIOGRAPHY……………………………………………………………….57 vii LIST OF PICTURES Picture 3.1 Extreme Long Shot…………………………………………………12 Picture 3.2 Long Shot…………………………………………………………...12 Picture 3.3 Medium Shot……………………………………………………......13 Picture 3.4 Close-up……………………………………………………………..14 Picture 3.5 Tilt ‘Dutch’ Angle…………………………………………………..16 Picture 4.1 His running away from……………………………………………...26 Picture 4.2 He then realizes that his doings are wrong………………………….26 Picture 4.3 Aang proclaims himself as the Avatar………………………………28 Picture 4.4 Aang proclaims himself as the avatar……………………………….28 Picture 4.5 Aang fights the Fire Army…………………………………………..28 Picture 4.6 Aang has conflict with himself on how to protect the Northern Water Tribe……………………………………………………………………………...28 Picture 4.7 Aang faces the Fire Army…………………………………………...29 Picture 4.8 Aang builds a giant wave to drive the Fire Army away…………….29 Picture 4.9 Everyone gives a deep bow of respect to Aang as he defeats the Fire Army…………………………………………………………………………….29 Picture 4.10 Sokka warns Katara to stay away from the ice sphere…………….30 Picture 4.11 Sokka, again, warns his sister……………………………………...30 Picture 4.12 Katara disobeys her brother and breaks the ice…………………….31 Picture 4.13 Katara hits the iceberg……………………………………………..32 Picture 4.14 Katara protects a young earth bender from the Fire Army…………32 Picture 4.15 Katara pushes a fire soldier…………………………………………32 Picture 4.16 Zuko threatens Aang so that Aang will come with him…………....35 Picture 4.17 Zuko proclaims his nobility before the Water Tribe……………….35 Picture 4.18 The Blue Spirit rescued Aang……………………………………36 Picture 4.19 The Blue Spirit is Zuko……………………………………………..36 Picture 4.20 When Aang was captured by Zuko…………………………………36 Picture 4.21 When Aang was captured by Zhao…………………………………36 Picture 4.22 Iroh persuades Aang to take the test………………………………..37 Picture 4.23 Iroh soothes Zuko when he’s angry………………………………...37 Picture 4.24 Iroh exhibits his true power………………………………………...38 Picture 4.25 Iroh rages when Zhao attacks Zuko………………………………...38 Picture 4.26 Zuko’s ship explodes……………………………………………….40 Picture 4.27 Zhao cold-heartedly kills the Moon Spirit………………………….40 Picture 4.28 Zhao attacks Zuko from behind…………………………………….40 Picture 4.29 Southern Water Tribe Surroundings………………………………..41 Picture 4.30 Southern Water Tribe Housing Style……………………………….41 viii Picture 4.31 Southern Water Tribe Clothing Style………………………………41 Picture 4.32 Inuit Tribe Clothing Style…………………………………………..42 Picture 4.33 Inuit Tribe Housing Style…………………………………………..42 Picture 4.34 The entrance to the Northern Water Tribe………………………….42 Picture 4.35 The Northern Water Tribe………………………………………….42 Picture 4.36 Fire Lord Ozai’s Attire……………………………………………..43 Picture 4.37 Fire Army Uniform…………………………………………………43 Picture 4.38 Fire Kingdom Men Clothing………………………………………..43 Picture 4.39 Fire Kingdom Men Clothing………………………………………..43 Picture 4.40 Ancient Chinese Warrior Armor……………………………………44 Picture 4.41 Ancient Chinese Changshan Attire…………………………………44 Picture 4.42 Earth Kingdom Clothing……………………………………………45 Picture 4.43 Earth Kingdom Clothing……………………………………………45 Picture 4.44 Chinese Ancient Clothing…………………………………………..45 Picture 4.45 Chinese Ancient Clothing…………………………………………..45 Picture 4.46 Southern Air Temple……………………………………………….46 Picture 4.47 Northern Air Temple……………………………………………….46 Picture 4.48 Aang’s depiction in the animation series ………...………………48 Picture 4.49 Aang in the movie version played by Noah Ringer………………...48 Picture 4.50 The Air Nomads……………………………….................................49 Picture 4.51 The Air Nomads …………………………………………………..49 Picture 4.52 Shaolin: Wheel of Life …………………………………………...49 Picture 4.53 Shaolin: Wheel of Life ……………………………………………..49 Picture 4.54 Katara and Sokka in the animation series …………………………50 Picture 4.55 Katara and Sokka in the movie version…………………………….50 Picture 4.56 Katara in the animation series …..………………………………….50 Picture 4.57 Katara in the movie version ……………………………………...50 Picture 4.58 Sokka in the animation series …………………………………….50 Picture 4.59 Sokka in the movie version ………………………………………..50 Picture 4.60 An Inuit woman ………………………….………………………...51 Picture 4.61 The people of Inuit Tribe ………….……………………………….51 Picture 4.62 Katara and Sokka use boat………………………………………...51 Picture 4.63 Inuit people use boat ……………………………………………….51 Picture 4.64 A child from Southern Water Tribe ……………………………...52 Picture 4.65 Children from Southern Water Tribe …………………………….52 Picture 4.66 People from Southern Water Tribe ………………………………52 Picture 4.67 Dev Patel as Prince Zuko ………………………………………53 Picture 4.68 Shaun Toub as Uncle Iroh ……………………………………........53 Picture 4.69 Aasif Mandvi as Commander Zhao ……………………………......54 Picture 4.70 Indian actors as Fire Army ………………………………………....54 ix Picture 4.71 Damon Gupton as Monk Gyatso …………………………………54 Picture 4.72 Black actors and actresses in the movie ……………………………54 x ABSTRACT
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