A Cross-Platform Programmer's Calculator
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Bit Shifts Bit Operations, Logical Shifts, Arithmetic Shifts, Rotate Shifts
Why bit operations Assembly languages all provide ways to manipulate individual bits in multi-byte values Some of the coolest “tricks” in assembly rely on Bit Shifts bit operations With only a few instructions one can do a lot very quickly using judicious bit operations And you can do them in almost all high-level ICS312 programming languages! Let’s look at some of the common operations, Machine-Level and starting with shifts Systems Programming logical shifts arithmetic shifts Henri Casanova ([email protected]) rotate shifts Shift Operations Logical Shifts The simplest shifts: bits disappear at one end A shift moves the bits around in some data and zeros appear at the other A shift can be toward the left (i.e., toward the most significant bits), or toward the right (i.e., original byte 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 toward the least significant bits) left log. shift 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 left log. shift 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 left log. shift 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 There are two kinds of shifts: right log. shift 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 Logical Shifts right log. shift 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 Arithmetic Shifts right log. shift 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 Logical Shift Instructions Shifts and Numbers Two instructions: shl and shr The common use for shifts: quickly multiply and divide by powers of 2 One specifies by how many bits the data is shifted In decimal, for instance: multiplying 0013 by 10 amounts to doing one left shift to obtain 0130 Either by just passing a constant to the instruction multiplying by 100=102 amounts to doing two left shifts to obtain 1300 Or by using whatever -
Multi Software Product Lines in the Wild
AperTO - Archivio Istituzionale Open Access dell'Università di Torino Multi software product lines in the wild This is the author's manuscript Original Citation: Availability: This version is available http://hdl.handle.net/2318/1667454 since 2020-07-06T10:51:50Z Publisher: Association for Computing Machinery Published version: DOI:10.1145/3168365.3170425 Terms of use: Open Access Anyone can freely access the full text of works made available as "Open Access". Works made available under a Creative Commons license can be used according to the terms and conditions of said license. Use of all other works requires consent of the right holder (author or publisher) if not exempted from copyright protection by the applicable law. (Article begins on next page) 27 September 2021 Multi Software Product Lines in the Wild Michael Lienhardt Ferruccio Damiani [email protected] [email protected] Università di Torino Università di Torino Italy Italy Simone Donetti Luca Paolini [email protected] [email protected] Università di Torino Università di Torino Italy Italy ABSTRACT 1 INTRODUCTION Modern software systems are often built from customizable and A Software Product Line (SPL) is a set of similar programs, called inter-dependent components. Such customizations usually define variants, with a common code base and well documented variabil- which features are offered by the components, and may depend ity [1, 6, 19]. Modern software systems are often built as complex on backend components being configured in a specific way. As assemblages of customizable components that out-grow the expres- such system become very large, with a huge number of possible siveness of SPLs. -
Indicators for Missing Maintainership in Collaborative Open Source Projects
TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT CAROLO-WILHELMINA ZU BRAUNSCHWEIG Studienarbeit Indicators for Missing Maintainership in Collaborative Open Source Projects Andre Klapper February 04, 2013 Institute of Software Engineering and Automotive Informatics Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ina Schaefer Supervisor: Michael Dukaczewski Affidavit Hereby I, Andre Klapper, declare that I wrote the present thesis without any assis- tance from third parties and without any sources than those indicated in the thesis itself. Braunschweig / Prague, February 04, 2013 Abstract The thesis provides an attempt to use freely accessible metadata in order to identify missing maintainership in free and open source software projects by querying various data sources and rating the gathered information. GNOME and Apache are used as case studies. License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0) license. Keywords Maintenance, Activity, Open Source, Free Software, Metrics, Metadata, DOAP Contents List of Tablesx 1 Introduction1 1.1 Problem and Motivation.........................1 1.2 Objective.................................2 1.3 Outline...................................3 2 Theoretical Background4 2.1 Reasons for Inactivity..........................4 2.2 Problems Caused by Inactivity......................4 2.3 Ways to Pass Maintainership.......................5 3 Data Sources in Projects7 3.1 Identification and Accessibility......................7 3.2 Potential Sources and their Exploitability................7 3.2.1 Code Repositories.........................8 3.2.2 Mailing Lists...........................9 3.2.3 IRC Chat.............................9 3.2.4 Wikis............................... 10 3.2.5 Issue Tracking Systems...................... 11 3.2.6 Forums............................... 12 3.2.7 Releases.............................. 12 3.2.8 Patch Review........................... 13 3.2.9 Social Media............................ 13 3.2.10 Other Sources.......................... -
Microsoft® C#® .NET Crash Course
.NET Club University Of Cyprus presents: Microsoft ® C# ® .NET Crash Course Creating Windows Applications Introduction to C# .NET (Copyright © 2005-2011 Panayiotis Andreou) Course contents Overview of the Microsoft .NET Platform • Lesson 1: Creating a new Windows Application • Lesson 2: Introduction to Windows Forms • Lesson 3: Adding Controls to a Form • Lesson 4: Working with Controls • Lesson 5: Creating MDI Applications • Lesson 6: Introduction to Visual Basic • Lesson 7: Building Mobile Applications • Lesson 8: Deploying Applications 06/10/2011 C# .NET Crash Course 2 Course goals • Create a new Windows application • Create Windows Forms and add controls to them • Learn about different types of controls • Organize controls on a form • Create MDI (Multiple Document Interface) applications 06/10/2011 C# .NET Crash Course 3 Overview of the Microsoft .NET Platform What is the Microsoft .NET Platform Developer Clients Tools ASP.NET Web Databases Applications XML Web User .NET Services Experiences Framework 06/10/2011 C# .NET Crash Course 5 Core Technologies in the .NET Platform • .NET Framework • .NET Building Block Services • Visual Studio .NET • .NET Enterprise Servers 06/10/2011 C# .NET Crash Course 6 Components του .NET Framework Visual Basic ® C++ C# JScript ® … Common Language Specification ASP.NET: Web Services Windows and Web Forms Forms ADO.NET: Data and XML Base Class Library Common Language Runtime 06/10/2011 C# .NET Crash Course 7 Overview of C# .NET Syntax Comments Single-line comments are marked with (//) at the start //These are single-line comments Multiple-line comments are marked with /* * These are * multi-line comments */ 06/10/2011 C# .NET Crash Course 9 Variables Access Modifiers public The type or member can be accessed by any other code in the same assembly or another assembly that references it. -
Quick Start Guide to Windows 10 Making Your Move to Windows 10 Quick and Simple Table of Contents
Quick Start Guide to Windows 10 Making your move to Windows 10 quick and simple Table of Contents Understanding your desktop Security, privacy and scam protection Take a tour of the Windows 10 desktop. Learn how to be more Your security and privacy mean a lot to us. Windows 10 features a productive using the Windows Start menu, Taskbar and Action full security dashboard, with personal privacy settings and our most center. advanced safety measures yet. Setup and personalization Accessibility Make it yours! Windows 10 is all about you, from personalized Microsoft’s accessibility features make tasks easier for users with a backgrounds to custom language choices. Create a Microsoft disability. Enlarge screen text to make it easier to read and change account to unlock the full Microsoft universe of features. narration and dictation settings. Apps and programs Windows updates and upgrades Now that you’ve made yourself at home, it’s time to take Windows 10 provides regular updates to keep your device Windows 10 to the next level: adding apps. Whether you want secure and bring new features to you. Windows 7 users can find to tackle more tasks around the house or at work, or have fun resources to transition to Windows 10. playing games, it’s all here. Tips and tricks Additional resources Do more with Windows 10! Our tips and tricks will get you off and We’re here to help you make the most of Windows 10 from Day running in no time. 1 to Day 101—and beyond! Get to know these resources. -
Projet À Long Terme Plateforme Liberapay
Campagne de financement pour GtkSourceView Posté par Sébastien Wilmet (page perso) le 18/09/17 à 14:37. Modéré par Xavier Claude. Licence CC by-sa Tags : gtksourceview, gtk+, gnome, financement, liberapay GtkSourceView est une bibliothèque GNOME qui étend GtkTextView, le widget GTK+ standard pour l'édition de texte sur plusieurs lignes. La fonctionnalité principale de GtkSourceView est la coloration syntaxique, mais il y a de nombreuses autres fonctionnalités : le chargement et la sauvegarde de fichiers, la recherche et remplacement, l'auto-complétion, le undo/redo, afficher les numéros de ligne, etc. C'est une bibliothèque largement utilisée. Par exemple dans Debian, GtkSourceView est utilisée par plus de 50 applications, dont notamment gedit et GNOME Builder. Si vous voulez donner un coup de pouce au projet, il y a maintenant une campagne de financement ! Page web de GtkSourceView (157 clics) Campagne de financement sur Liberapay (135 clics) Le mainteneur de GtkSourceView — celui qui a lancé la campagne de financement — est cette même personne qui est en train d'écrire ces lignes de cette dépêche ; oui, je suis francophone :-) Pour donner un peu plus de contexte, je travaille à mi-temps en tant que programmeur dans une université (j'ai terminé mes études il n'y a pas longtemps). Ce qui me permet de continuer mes projets dans GNOME en tant qu'indépendant. Je suis le seul mainteneur restant de GtkSourceView, les autres mainteneurs n'ayant plus assez de temps libre pour contribuer. Donc l'avenir de cette bibliothèque repose en quelque sorte entre mes mains. Projet à long terme Outre la maintenance de code, le projet que j'ai à long terme pour GtkSourceView est de faciliter le développement d'éditeurs de texte, en créant des APIs de plus haut niveau et en fournissant davantage de fonctionnalités. -
Var/Www/Apps/Conversion/Tmp
: gettext lvresize run_init ! gettextize lvs runlevel ./ gettext.sh lvscan running-circles [ gfortran lwp-download run-parts [[ ghostscript lwp-dump runuser ]] gif2tiff lwp-mirror rvi { gij lwp-request rview } gindxbib lwp-rget rvim a2p git lz s2p ab git-receive-pack lzcat sa abrt-backtrace git-shell lzcmp sadf abrt-cli git-upload-archive lzdiff safe_finger abrtd git-upload-pack lzegrep sandbox abrt-debuginfo-install gjar lzfgrep saned abrt-handle-upload gjarsigner lzgrep sane-find-scanner ac gkeytool lzless sar accept glibc_post_upgrade.x86_64 lzma saslauthd accton glookbib lzmadec sasldblistusers2 aclocal gls-dns-forward lzmainfo saslpasswd2 aclocal-1.11 gls-email-iptables lzmore saytime aconnect gls-grade-securevnc-backend lzop scanimage acpid gls-makebridge m4 scp acpi_listen gls-munge-grub magnifier script activation-client gls-munge-rootpw mail scriptreplay addftinfo gls-resetvm Mail scrollkeeper-config addgnupghome gls-vserver-network mailq scrollkeeper-extract addpart gls-vserver-network2 mailq.postfix scrollkeeper-gen-seriesid addr2line glxgears mailq.sendmail scrollkeeper-get-cl adduser glxinfo mailstat scrollkeeper-get-content-list agetty gmake mailstats scrollkeeper-get-extended-content-list alias gneqn mailx scrollkeeper-get-index-from-docpath alsactl gnome-about make scrollkeeper-get-toc-from-docpath alsa-info gnome-about-me MAKEDEV scrollkeeper-get-toc-from-id alsa-info.sh gnome-appearance-properties makedumpfile scrollkeeper-install alsamixer gnome-at-mobility makemap scrollkeeper-preinstall alsaunmute gnome-at-properties -
Simfit Simdem
SIMF T SIMD M SIMULATION, FITTING, STATISTICS,I AND PLOTTING. SIMFIT LIBRARY FOR INPUT, OUTPUT,E AND PLOTTING. Running SimFIT and SimDEM in Linux bill.bardsley@simfit.org.uk https://simfit.org.uk 1 Running Simfit in Fedora Linux Since Wine became available in Linux, the SimFIT and SimDEM packages have been able to run perfectly in this environment except for a few minor options, and I am grateful for the help given to me by Mikael Widersten and David Bailey as the SimFIT Linux project has progressed. For instance, SimFIT installs from the box in Fedora and automatically creates a working configuration, leading to the desktop displayed below when both the 32-bit and 64-bit versions of SimFIT have been installed. Selecting to run 32-bit or 64-bit SimFIT then displays the main SimFIT menu as follows 1 while choosing the configuration option presents the configuration control shown next. This configuration was created automatically by the installation program and it has located the paths used by the SimFIT package and the native binaries listed next. 2 Z:\usr\bin\gedit Z:\usr\bin\nautilus Z:\usr\bin\evince Z:\usr\bin\gnome-calculator Here gedit is the gnome editor, nautilus is the disk explorer, evince is the file and document viewer, while gnome-calculator is the default calculator in Fedora. 2 Running Simfit in all versions of Linux In order to maintain the functioning of SimFIT and SimDEM in Wine–Linux, several changes to the configuration items described in configure.txt or configure.pdf have been made at Version 7.3.4 as now explained. -
Bitwise Operators
Logical operations ANDORNOTXORAND,OR,NOT,XOR •Loggpical operations are the o perations that have its result as a true or false. • The logical operations can be: • Unary operations that has only one operand (NOT) • ex. NOT operand • Binary operations that has two operands (AND,OR,XOR) • ex. operand 1 AND operand 2 operand 1 OR operand 2 operand 1 XOR operand 2 1 Dr.AbuArqoub Logical operations ANDORNOTXORAND,OR,NOT,XOR • Operands of logical operations can be: - operands that have values true or false - operands that have binary digits 0 or 1. (in this case the operations called bitwise operations). • In computer programming ,a bitwise operation operates on one or two bit patterns or binary numerals at the level of their individual bits. 2 Dr.AbuArqoub Truth tables • The following tables (truth tables ) that shows the result of logical operations that operates on values true, false. x y Z=x AND y x y Z=x OR y F F F F F F F T F F T T T F F T F T T T T T T T x y Z=x XOR y x NOT X F F F F T F T T T F T F T T T F 3 Dr.AbuArqoub Bitwise Operations • In computer programming ,a bitwise operation operates on one or two bit patterns or binary numerals at the level of their individual bits. • Bitwise operators • NOT • The bitwise NOT, or complement, is an unary operation that performs logical negation on each bit, forming the ones' complement of the given binary value. -
Xubuntu-Documentation-A4.Pdf
Xubuntu Documentation The Xubuntu documentation team. Xubuntu and Canonical are registered trademarks of Canonical Ltd. Xubuntu Documentation Copyright © 2012–2017 The Xubuntu documentation team. Xubuntu and Canonical are registered trademarks of Canonical Ltd. Credits and License This documentation is maintained by the Xubuntu documentation team and is partly adapted from the Ubuntu documentation. The contributors to this documentation are: • David Pires (slickymaster) • Elfy (elfy) • Elizabeth Krumbach (lyz) • Jack Fromm (jjfrv8) • Jay van Cooten (skippersboss) • Kev Bowring (flocculant) • Krytarik Raido (krytarik) • Pasi Lallinaho (knome) • Sean Davis (bluesabre) • Stephen Michael Kellat (skellat) • Steve Dodier-Lazaro (sidi) • Unit 193 (unit193) The contributors to previous versions to this documentation are: • Cody A.W. Somerville (cody-somerville) • Freddy Martinez (freddymartinez9) • Jan M. (fijam7) • Jim Campbell (jwcampbell) • Luzius Thöny (lucius-antonius) This document is made available under the Creative Commons ShareAlike 2.5 License (CC-BY-SA). You are free to modify, extend, and improve the Ubuntu documentation source code under the terms of this license. All derivative works must be released under this license. This documentation is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AS DESCRIBED IN THE DISCLAIMER. A copy of the license is available here: Creative Commons ShareAlike License. All trademarks or registered trademarks are the property of the respective owners. Welcome! This documentation provides information on some of the most common topics on using Xubuntu, including: Chapter 7, Connecting to Internet and Networks Chapter 9, Managing installed applications In addition, this documentation has three quick guides: Chapter 3, Getting to know your desktop environment Chapter 5, Quick guide to default applications Chapter 11, Keeping your computer and personal information safe The complete set of topics is listed below. -
Bits, Bytes, and Integers Today: Bits, Bytes, and Integers
Bits, Bytes, and Integers Today: Bits, Bytes, and Integers Representing information as bits Bit-level manipulations Integers . Representation: unsigned and signed . Conversion, casting . Expanding, truncating . Addition, negation, multiplication, shifting . Summary Representations in memory, pointers, strings Everything is bits Each bit is 0 or 1 By encoding/interpreting sets of bits in various ways . Computers determine what to do (instructions) . … and represent and manipulate numbers, sets, strings, etc… Why bits? Electronic Implementation . Easy to store with bistable elements . Reliably transmitted on noisy and inaccurate wires 0 1 0 1.1V 0.9V 0.2V 0.0V For example, can count in binary Base 2 Number Representation . Represent 1521310 as 111011011011012 . Represent 1.2010 as 1.0011001100110011[0011]…2 4 13 . Represent 1.5213 X 10 as 1.11011011011012 X 2 Encoding Byte Values Byte = 8 bits . Binary 000000002 to 111111112 0 0 0000 . Decimal: 010 to 25510 1 1 0001 2 2 0010 . Hexadecimal 0016 to FF16 3 3 0011 . 4 4 0100 Base 16 number representation 5 5 0101 . Use characters ‘0’ to ‘9’ and ‘A’ to ‘F’ 6 6 0110 7 7 0111 . Write FA1D37B16 in C as 8 8 1000 – 0xFA1D37B 9 9 1001 A 10 1010 – 0xfa1d37b B 11 1011 C 12 1100 D 13 1101 E 14 1110 F 15 1111 Example Data Representations C Data Type Typical 32-bit Typical 64-bit x86-64 char 1 1 1 short 2 2 2 int 4 4 4 long 4 8 8 float 4 4 4 double 8 8 8 long double − − 10/16 pointer 4 8 8 Today: Bits, Bytes, and Integers Representing information as bits Bit-level manipulations Integers . -
Integer Arithmetic and Undefined Behavior in C Brad Karp UCL Computer Science
Carnegie Mellon Integer Arithmetic and Undefined Behavior in C Brad Karp UCL Computer Science CS 3007 23rd January 2018 (lecture notes derived from material from Eddie Kohler, John Regehr, Phil Gibbons, Randy Bryant, and Dave O’Hallaron) 1 Carnegie Mellon Outline: Integer Arithmetic and Undefined Behavior in C ¢ C primitive data types ¢ C integer arithmetic § Unsigned and signed (two’s complement) representations § Maximum and minimum values; conversions and casts § Perils of C integer arithmetic, unsigned and especially signed ¢ Undefined behavior (UB) in C § As defined in the C99 language standard § Consequences for program behavior § Consequences for compiler and optimizer behavior § Examples § Prevalence of UB in real-world Linux application-level code ¢ Recommendations for defensive programming in C 2 Carnegie Mellon Example Data Representations C Data Type Typical 32-bit Typical 64-bit x86-64 char 1 1 1 signed short (default) 2 2 2 and int 4 4 4 unsigned variants long 4 8 8 float 4 4 4 double 8 8 8 pointer 4 8 8 3 Carnegie Mellon Portable C types with Fixed Sizes C Data Type all archs {u}int8_t 1 {u}int16_t 2 {u}int32_t 4 {u}int64_t 8 uintptr_t 4 or 8 Type definitions available in #include <stdint.h> 4 Carnegie Mellon Shift Operations ¢ Left Shift: x << y Argument x 01100010 § Shift bit-vector x left y positions << 3 00010000 – Throw away extra bits on left Log. >> 2 00011000 § Fill with 0’s on right Arith. >> 2 00011000 ¢ Right Shift: x >> y § Shift bit-vector x right y positions Argument 10100010 § Throw away extra bits on right x § Logical shift << 3 00010000 § Fill with 0’s on left Log.