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Filmography Bboy: A History of Breaking. Directed by Marc-Aurèle Vecchione. Arte France, 2016. Beat Street. Directed by Stan Lathan. MGM, 1984. Flashdance. Directed by Adrian Lyne. Paramount, 1983. The Freshest Kids. Directed by Israel. QD3 Entertainment, 2002. Graffti Rock. Directed by Clark Santee, Presented by Michael Holman. Skywise, 1984. Graffti Wars. Directed by Jane Preston. One Productions. 2011. Hip-Hop: Beyond Beats and Rhymes. Directed by Byron Hurt. God Bless The Child, 2006. BIBLIOGRAPHY 127

Hip Hop Evolution. Directed by Darby Wheeler and Rodrigo Bascunan, 2016–. Maybe Logic: The Lives and Ideas of Robert Anton Wilson. Directed by Lance Baucher, 2003. Rock Steady. Directed by Anthony Ralph. Twenty Twenty Films, 1982 Something from Nothing: The Art of Rap. Directed by Ice-T and Andy Baybutt. Jolly Good, 2012. The Hip-Hop Years. Directed by David Upshal. Channel 4, 1999. Whatever Happened to Hip Hop? Directed by Sonali Aggarwal. 358inc., 2009. Index1

A Big Daddy Kane, 81, 86, 89 Ahearn, Charlie, 23n27, 23n36, 38n3, Biggie Smalls, 88, 94 38n11, 61n81, 66 Biting, 17–19, 40n35, 65, 66, 74, 76, Aprahamian, Serouj, 21n7, 22n14, 30 79, 83, 84, 87–89, 97, 109 Biz Markie, 82, 85, 86, 98, 103n63, 103n65 B Black Arts Movement, 45, 49 Badiou, Alain, 110, 117n10 Blackness, 5, 6n20, 43–55, 56n11, Bailey, Julius, 3, 6n8, 6n15, 31–32, 56n14, 56n19, 69n5, 85, 40n35, 41n44, 57n23, 120n23 69n9, 104n72 Blow, Kurtis, 32 Bambaataa, Afrika, 15, 26, 39n20, 53, Breaking/breakers, 4, 14–19, 22n26, 64, 78, 84 29, 55, 90 Banes, Sally, 14, 22n24, 23n28 Breaks/break beats, 12–18, 29, 68, 78 Battling, 14–20, 22n26, 29, 31–32, Brewster, Bill, 22n21, 23n33, 40n35, 74 38n1, 101n41 Bayles, Martha, 52, 53, 59n68, Bronx (South Bronx), 4–5, 10–20, 112, 118n14 21n4, 25–36, 38n12, 40n34, 49, B-boys/B-girls, see Breaking/breakers 51, 58n37, 60n78, 66–67, 92, Beastie Boys, 68, 82, 85, 90 103n58, 113 Big Bank Hank, 25–29, 38n8, Broughton, Frank, 23n33, 53, 59n66 38n1, 101n41

1 Note: Page numbers followed by ‘n’ refer to notes.

© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature 129 Switzerland AG 2021 J. Vernon, Sampling, Biting, and the Postmodern Subversion of Hip Hop, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74903-3 130 INDEX

Burton, Justin Adams, 4, 43–55, E 56n17, 56n19, 57n21, 57n26, EPMD, 82, 103n63 57n28, 58n33, 58n44, 58n46, Eric B., 71–72, 79–81 64, 74, 101n47, 102n48, Ewoodzie, Jr., Joseph C., 27, 38n13, 104n65 111, 118n11 Busy Bee, 32, 40n35, 82

F C Fab 5 Freddy, 22n26 Castleman, Craig, 21n7, 21n8, 21n9 Fernandes, Sujatha, 69n6 Chang, Jeff, 20n3, 22n11, 22n22, 26, Fletcher, Ed ‘Duke Bootee, 29, 31, 82 39n22, 60n71, 68n3, Foucault, Michel, 111, 119n18 101n40, 103n64 Fricke, Jim, 23n27, 23n36, 38n3, Christgau, Robert, 58n35, 72, 99n2, 38n11, 61n81 99n3, 99n4 Funky 4/Funky 4 +1 (More), 38n4, Chuck, D., 69n10, 81, 102n53 66, 69n8 Coates, Ta-Nehisi, 60n78 Furious Five, Grandmaster Flash and Cobb, William Jelani, 1–3, 6n14, the, 23n37, 29, 31, 39n34, 6n20, 33, 41n42, 69n8, 41n42, 65, 100n13, 112 104n69 Coke La Rock, 15–16 Cold Crush Brothers, 40n37, G 82, 91, 114 Gangsta’ rap, 86–89, 118n14, 119n18 Common, 90, 91 Garvey, Marcus, 45, 47, 49 Crazy Legs, 14, 23n31, 51 Gates, Henry Louis Jr., 46–47, Curry, Tommy, 34–35, 41n44, 57n24, 57n31 41n45, 41n46, 50–51, George, Nelson, 38n10 58n47 Geto Boys, 82 Ghostface Killah, 93, 98 Gilroy, Paul, 49 D Golden Era’ of rap music, 5, 77, Daniels, Matt, 105n85 80–92, 103n63, 113 de la soul, 82, 87, 89, 91, Gordon, Lewis, 37 103n58, 103n63 Gosa, Travis, L., 68n2, 101n39 dead prez, 91 Graffti, see ‘Wall Writing’ Deleuze, Gilles, 111, 118n13 Grandmaster Caz (Casanova Fly), Derrida, Jacques, 111, 118n13 15–16, 19, 25–27, 38n8, 40n34, DJing, 4, 9, 16, 23n33, 23n40, 31, 40n35, 40n37, 41n42, 55, 66, 40n37, 41n42, 67–68, 79, 91 68n1, 74, 86–90, 93, 99n5, DMC, 32, 83, 103n60 103n58, 113–114, Dr. Dre, 86 116–117, 120n32 INDEX 131

Grandmaster Flash, 14–16, 23n33, 25, Kitwana, Bakari, 120n30 27, 29–31, 35, 38n5, 39n26, Knowledge (Hip Hop element), 5, 40n37, 41n42, 67, 79, 81, 63–68, 104n69 102n53, 112 Kohl, Herbert, 21n6 Grand Wizzard Theodore, 15 Kool G Rap, 71–87 GZA, 93, 95, 98, 105n85 Kool Herc, 13–16, 19, 22n22, 23n33, 25, 37, 38n12, 40n37, 53–55, 83, 109 H KRS-ONE, 5n1, 17, 21n5, 27, 42n61, Hager, Steven, 19, 21n10, 24n41, 60n72, 61n82, 71, 81–94, 99n4, 24n44, 41n42 100n16, 101n31, 101n39, Harlem World, 32, 40n35 102n53, 102n55, 103n62, 110, Harvey, David, 28, 33, 37, 49, 107, 115, 118n15, 120n29 109, 111, 114, 118n14 Hegel, G.W.F., 103n62, 109–111, 117n8, 117n10, 118n12 L Hip Hop Studies, 5, 6n17, 27–37, 51, Lamar, Kendrick, 47–48, 57n27, 80 53, 68n2, 86, 104n69, 109, Lampert, Jay, 118n12 111–116, 120n23 L-Brothers, 15, 38n12 LeBlanc, Keith, 3, 6n20 Lebron, Christopher J., 49 I Lyotard, Jean-Francois, 10 Ice-T, 82, 120n32 Inspektah Deck, 98–99, 106n99 Irony (postmodern), 26, 46–48, 50, M 64, 74, 88, 97 MacDonald, Michael B., 2, 3 Masta Killah, 98, 105n83 Master Gee, 26 J MCing, 4, 15–17, 32, 71–74, Jameson, Frederic, 19 91, 100n13 Jay-Z, 88, 114 MC Lyte, 81–82, 86 Jenkins, Sacha, 12 McQuillar, Tayannah Lee, 31, 33, 79 Jonnes, Jill, 21n3, 21n4 McWhorter, John, 54–55, 60n72, Jungle Brothers, 82, 89 60–61n78 Just-Ice, 82, 84 Melle Mel, 16, 29–32, 39n26, 39n32, 39–40n34, 41n42, 66, 82, 86, 88, 112 K The Message’ (Grandmaster Flash and Katz, Mark, 32 the Furious Five), 29–31, 40n34, Killah Priest, 95, 98, 105n85, 106n95 59n66, 61n78, 65–66, 74, 78, King, Martin Luther, Jr., 47, 80, 80, 82, 89 100n30, 102n52 MF DOOM, 90, 105n85 132 INDEX

Miller, Ivor R., 21n10 R Morgan, Marcyliena, 116 Raekwon, 98, 106n97 Rahiem, 38n4 Rakim, 68, 99n2, 99n4, 99n5, 99n6, N 99n7, 99n8, 99n9, 99n10, Nardwuar, The Human 99n11, 99n12, 100n13, 100n14, Serviette, 103n60 100n15, 100n16, 100n17, Nas, 88, 90 100n18, 100n19, 100n20, Native Tongues, 82, 83, 91 100n21, 100n22, 100n23, Neal, Mark Anthony, 2, 31, 39n32 100n24, 100n25, 100n26, Neoliberalism, 17, 27, 28, 35, 86, 96, 100n27, 100n28, 100n29, 107–109, 100n30, 101n31, 101n33, 111–114 101n34, 101n35, 101n36, NWA, 82–87 101n37, 101n38, 101n39, 101n40, 101n41, 101n42, 101n43, 101n44, 101n45, O 101n46, 101n47, 101n48, Ol’ Dirty Bastard, 93, 95 102n49, 102n50, 102n51, Oswald, John, 107–109 102n52, 102n53, 102n54, 102n55, 103n56, 103n57, 103n58, 103n59, 103n60, P 103n61, 103n62, Perry, Imani, 34, 41n43 103n63, 108 Perverse modernism, 112 Rapper’s Delight’ (Sugahill Gang), PHASE 2, 14, 22n14, 22n19, 55 4–5, 25–29, 33, 38n12, 59n66, Planet Rock’ (Afrika Bambaataa and 63, 65, 74, 85, 89, 92 Soulsonic Force), 39n20, 59n66 Reality rap, 40n34, 54, 67, 82, Plunderphonics, 108, 112 91, 97 Posthumanity/posthumanism, 43–55, Reed, Adolph, 60n77 56n14, 64, 74 Reed, Touré, 50–51 Poststructuralism, 46, 107–109 Robinson, Sylvia, 26, 30, 41n41 Potter, Russell A., 3, 6n17, 6n18, The Roots, 90, 91 6n19, 28, 33–34, 57n23, 58n37, Rose, Tricia, 6n17, 28, 38n15, 58n39, 77 40n36, 104n69, 113, Public Enemy, 81, 83, 91, 98, 118n15 102n54, 103n63 Run-DMC, 32, 68, 82–83, 89 Rustin, Bayard, 51–53, 59n52 RZA, 92–99, 105n86, 105n87, Q 105n88, 105n89, 105n90, Queen Latifah, 82, 86 105n91, 105n92, 106n93 INDEX 133

S A Tribe Called Quest, 82, 87, 89 Salt-N-Pepa, 81–82 Turner, Patrick, 36, 42n58 Sampling, 1–5, 6n20, 27, 29, 34–37, 46, 68, 69n10, 71–86, 92, 107–113 W Schloss, Joseph, 22n25, 22n26, 61n80 Walcott, Rinaldo Wayne, 2, 6n9, Schooly D., 82 29–37, 38n18, 39n19, 39n20, Scorpio (Furious Five), 66 39n21, 41n47, 41n52, 42n57, Shakur, Tupac, 47, 88 43–45, 55n6, 119n19 Sha-Rock, 66, 69n8 Wall Writing, 4–5, 10–15, 21n7, Shusterman, Richard, 2, 5n3, 5n4, 22n15, 22n16, 22n19, 78, 90 5n5, 5n6, 6n7, 35–37, 59n70, 77 Watkins, S. Craig, 38n2, 104n69 Spence, Lester K., 86, 89, West, Cornel, 33, 41n41 105n74, 119n18 Wild Style (flm), 66, 90 Starski, Busy Bee, 32, 82 Williams, Thomas Chatterton, 37, Stetsasonic, 81 39n27, 46, 48, 53, 69n5 Stewart, Jack, 21n7, 22n12 Wilson, Robert Anton, 115, 119n22 Stop the Violence Movement, 84 Wonder Mike, 26 Sugarhill Gang, 4, 27, 29, 33, 41n41, Wu-Tang Clan, 93–99, 63, 72–75, 80, 100n15, 117 106n92, 106n95 Sugar Hill Records, 20, 25–26, 29, 67, 116 X X, Malcolm, 4, 47, 68, 80, 102n52 T Tagging, see ‘Wall Writing’ TAKI183, 10–11, 21n6, 21n7 Z Taylor, Paul C., 28, 38n14 Zulu Nation (The Organization, the Temple of Hip Hop, 103n62 Zulu Kings and Queens, the Thee Kidd Creole, 23n37, 23n38, 66 Universal Zulu Nation), 39n20, Too $hort, 82, 87 63–66, 75–84, 96, 106n95