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2011 Volume 4 2011 Volume 4 The Journal on Advanced Studies in Theoretical and Experimental Physics, including Related Themes from Mathematics PROGRESS IN PHYSICS “All scientists shall have the right to present their scientific research results, in whole or in part, at relevant scientific conferences, and to publish the same in printed scientific journals, electronic archives, and any other media.” — Declaration of Academic Freedom, Article 8 ISSN 1555-5534 The Journal on Advanced Studies in Theoretical and Experimental Physics, including Related Themes from Mathematics PROGRESS IN PHYSICS A quarterly issue scientific journal, registered with the Library of Congress (DC, USA). This journal is peer reviewed and included in the abs- tracting and indexing coverage of: Mathematical Reviews and MathSciNet (AMS, USA), DOAJ of Lund University (Sweden), Zentralblatt MATH (Germany), Scientific Commons of the University of St. Gallen (Switzerland), Open-J-Gate (India), Referativnyi Zhurnal VINITI (Russia), etc. Electronic version of this journal: October 2011 VOLUME 4 http://www.ptep-online.com CONTENTS Editorial Board Dmitri Rabounski, Editor-in-Chief [email protected] Minasyan V. and Samoilov V. Ultracold Fermi and Bose gases and Spinless Bose Florentin Smarandache, Assoc. Editor ChargedSoundParticles.......................................................3 [email protected] Minasyan V. and Samoilov V. Superfluidity Component of Solid 4He and Sound Par- Larissa Borissova, Assoc. Editor ticleswithSpin1.............................................................8 [email protected] Quznetsov G. Fermion-Antifermion Asymmetry . 13 Editorial Team Tank H. K. An Insight into Planck’s Units: Explaining the Experimental-Observa- Gunn Quznetsov tions of Lack of Quantum Structure of Space-Time . 17 [email protected] Ries A. and Fook M.V.L. Excited Electronic States of Atoms described by the Model Andreas Ries [email protected] ofOscillationsinaChainSystem..............................................20 Chifu Ebenezer Ndikilar Ogiba F. Phenomenological Derivation of the Schrodinger¨ Equation . 25 [email protected] Tosto S. An Analysis of States in the Phase Space: the Anharmonic Oscillator . 29 Felix Scholkmann [email protected] Weller D. L. Gravity and the Conservation of Energy. .37 Assis A.V.D. B. A Note on the Quantization Mechanism within the Cold Big Bang Postal Address Cosmology..................................................................40 Department of Mathematics and Science, University of New Mexico, Assis A.V.D. B. Comments on the Statistical Nature and on the Irreversibility of 200 College Road, Gallup, NM 87301, USA theWaveFunctionCollapse .................................................. 42 Potter F. Our Mathematical Universe: I. How the Monster Group Dictates All of Copyright c Progress in Physics, 2011 Physics.....................................................................47 All rights reserved. The authors of the ar- Comay E. Spin, Isospin and Strong Interaction Dynamics . 55 ticles do hereby grant Progress in Physics Ndikilar C. E. Einstein’s Planetary Equation: An Analytical Solution . 60 non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free li- cense to publish and distribute the articles in Heymann Y. Building Galactic Density Profiles[ . 63 accordance with the Budapest Open Initia- Tosto S. An Analysis of States in the Phase Space: Uncertainty, Entropy and Diffusion . 68 tive: this means that electronic copying, dis- tribution and printing of both full-size ver- Cahill R. T. and Kerrigan D. J. Dynamical Space: Supermassive Galactic Black Holes sion of the journal and the individual pa- andCosmicFilaments........................................................79 pers published therein for non-commercial, Wilde P. A Generalized Displacement Problem in Elasticity . 83 academic or individual use can be made by any user without permission or charge. The Assis A.V.D. B. On the Neutrino Opera in the CNGS Beam . 85 authors of the articles published in Progress in Physics retain their rights to use this jour- LETTERS nal as a whole or any part of it in any other publications and in any way they see fit. Open Letter by the Editor-in-Chief The Portuguese translation of the Declaration of Any part of Progress in Physics howsoever AcademicFreedom..........................................................L1 used in other publications must include an Open Letter by the Editor-in-Chief The Arabic translation of the Declaration of Aca- appropriate citation of this journal. demicFreedom..............................................................L5 Patras¸cu˘ I. Scientists Deduced the Existence of Particles with Faster-than-Light Speeds This journal is powered by LATEX RecentlyDiscoveredbyCERN...............................................L8 A variety of books can be downloaded free from the Digital Library of Science: http://www.gallup.unm.edu/ smarandache ∼ ISSN: 1555-5534 (print) ISSN: 1555-5615 (online) Standard Address Number: 297-5092 Printed in the United States of America Information for Authors and Subscribers Progress in Physics has been created for publications on advanced studies in theoretical and experimental physics, including related themes from mathe- matics and astronomy. All submitted papers should be professional, in good English, containing a brief review of a problem and obtained results. All submissions should be designed in LATEX format using Progress in Physics template. This template can be downloaded from Progress in Physics home page http://www.ptep-online.com. Abstract and the necessary informa- tion about author(s) should be included into the papers. To submit a paper, mail the file(s) to the Editor-in-Chief. All submitted papers should be as brief as possible. We accept brief pa- pers, no larger than 8 typeset journal pages. Short articles are preferable. Large papers can be considered in exceptional cases to the section Special Reports intended for such publications in the journal. Letters related to the publications in the journal or to the events among the science community can be applied to the section Letters to Progress in Physics. All that has been accepted for the online issue of Progress in Physics is printed in the paper version of the journal. To order printed issues, contact the Editors. This journal is non-commercial, academic edition. It is printed from pri- vate donations. (Look for the current author fee in the online version of the journal.) October, 2011 PROGRESS IN PHYSICS Volume 4 Ultracold Fermi and Bose Gases and Spinless Bose Charged Sound Particles Vahan N. Minasyan and Valentin N. Samoylov Scientific Center of Applied Research, JINR, Dubna, 141980, Russia. E-mail: mvahan [email protected] We propose a novel approach for investigation of the motion of Bose or Fermi liquid (or gas) which consists of decoupled electrons and ions in the uppermost hyperfine state. Hence, we use such a concept as the fluctuation motion of “charged fluid particles” or “charged fluid points” representing a charged longitudinal elastic wave. In turn, this elastic wave is quantized by spinless longitudinal Bose charged sound particles with the rest mass m and charge e0. The existence of spinless Bose charged sound particles allows us to present a new model for description of Bose or Fermi liquid via a non-ideal Bose gas of charged sound particles. In this respect, we introduce a new postulation for the superfluid component of Bose or Fermi liquid determined by means of charged sound particles in the condensate, which may explain the results of experiments connected with ultra-cold Fermi gases of spin-polarized hydrogen, 6Li and 40K, and such a Bose gas as 87Rb in the uppermost hyperfine state, where the Bose- Einstein condensation of charged sound particles is realized by tuning the magnetic field. 1 Introduction of Bose or Fermi liquid by action of the static magnetic field. In order to investigate the motion of quantum liquid (or The Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) has a wide applica- quantum gas) in the uppermost hyperfine state, we consider tion for investigation of superconductivity of metals and su- the motion of “charged fluid particles” by means of a charged perfluidity of liquids. The primary experimental challenge longitudinal elastic wave [6]. This longitudinal elastic wave to evaporative cooling of spin-polarized hydrogen was made is quantized by spinless Bose charged sound particles with by a dilution refrigerator, demonstrating that spin-polarized the mass m and charge e . Further, we present a new model hydrogen can be confined in a statistic magnetic trap and 0 for description of charged Bose or Fermi liquid via a non- thermally decoupled from the walls [1–3]. At the density − ideal Bose gas consisting of charged sound particles. As op- N ≈ 1013 cm 3 it is observed that the gas consisting of de- V posed to London’s postulation about the superfluid compo- coupled electrons and ions in the uppermost hyperfine state is nent of liquid 4He [7], we introduce a new postulation about evaporatively cooled to a temperature approximately equal to the superfluid component of Bose or Fermi liquid via charged 40 mK. sound particles in the condensate. On the other hand, we es- Here, we remark about BEC that was produced in a va- timate the zero sound speed which leads to the correct expla- por of 87Rb bosonic ions confined by magnetic fields and nation of the experimental result connected with the BEC of evaporatively cooled [4]. The condensate fraction first ap- a gas consisting of spin-polarized hydrogen.
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