PARASITIC NEMATODES \ Jlottor of ^L)Iio2!
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JOURNAL of NEMATOLOGY Description of Heterodera
JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY Article | DOI: 10.21307/jofnem-2020-097 e2020-97 | Vol. 52 Description of Heterodera microulae sp. n. (Nematoda: Heteroderinae) from China a new cyst nematode in the Goettingiana group Wenhao Li1, Huixia Li1,*, Chunhui Ni1, Deliang Peng2, Yonggang Liu3, Ning Luo1 and Abstract 1 Xuefen Xu A new cyst-forming nematode, Heterodera microulae sp. n., was 1College of Plant Protection, Gansu isolated from the roots and rhizosphere soil of Microula sikkimensis Agricultural University/Biocontrol in China. Morphologically, the new species is characterized by Engineering Laboratory of Crop lemon-shaped body with an extruded neck and obtuse vulval cone. Diseases and Pests of Gansu The vulval cone of the new species appeared to be ambifenestrate Province, Lanzhou, 730070, without bullae and a weak underbridge. The second-stage juveniles Gansu Province, China. have a longer body length with four lateral lines, strong stylets with rounded and flat stylet knobs, tail with a comparatively longer hyaline 2 State Key Laboratory for Biology area, and a sharp terminus. The phylogenetic analyses based on of Plant Diseases and Insect ITS-rDNA, D2-D3 of 28S rDNA, and COI sequences revealed that the Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, new species formed a separate clade from other Heterodera species Chinese Academy of Agricultural in Goettingiana group, which further support the unique status of Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China. H. microulae sp. n. Therefore, it is described herein as a new species 3Institute of Plant Protection, Gansu of genus Heterodera; additionally, the present study provided the first Academy of Agricultural Sciences, record of Goettingiana group in Gansu Province, China. -
Nematode, Heterodera Zeae on Maize (Zea Mays L.)
Management of maize cyst nematode JBiopest 8(2):62-67 (2015) Botanicals- An effective tool for the management of maize cyst nematode, Heterodera zeae on maize (Zea mays L.) S. K. Mehta, B. L. Baheti, B. S. Rathore and *C. P. Nama ABSTRACT Maize cyst nematode, Heterodera zeae (Koshy et al.) has been reported to cause significant losses in Rajasthan due to monocropping of maize, favorable soil and environmental conditions and ignorance of management practices. In present investigation, an experiment was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of neem (Azadirachta indica), aak (Calotropis procera) and water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) leaf powder for the management of maize cyst nematode, H. zeae on maize variety PEHM-2. Plant leaf powders were applied at 1, 2 and 4 g/plant as soil amendment at the time of sowing. A treated chemical check (Phorate 2 kg/ha) and untreated check were also maintained for interpretation of experimental results. Results indicated maximum increase in shoot length, root length, shoot weight and root weight which were observed when neem leaf powders were applied at 4 g/plant followed by aak and water hyacinth leaf powders at 4 g/plant. Significant reduction in nematode population viz., cyst/plant, cyst/100 cc soil, eggs and larvae/cyst and larvae/100 cc soil was also observed with neem leaf powders at 4 g/plant over control. MS History: 27.03.2014 (Received)-01.05.2014 (Revised)-21.05.2014 (Accepted) Key words: Management, Maize, Heterodera zeae, Botanicals, Neem, Aak and Water hyacinth. Citation: Mehta, S. K., Baheti, B. L., Rathore, B. -
Plant-Parasitic Nematodes and Their Management: a Review
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE): E-Journals Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online) Vol.8, No.1, 2018 Plant-Parasitic Nematodes and Their Management: A Review Misgana Mitiku Department of Plant Pathology, Southern Agricultural Research Institute, Jinka, Agricultural Research Center, Jinka, Ethiopia Abstract Nowhere will the need to sustainably increase agricultural productivity in line with increasing demand be more pertinent than in resource poor areas of the world, especially Africa, where populations are most rapidly expanding. Although a 35% population increase is projected by 2050. Significant improvements are consequently necessary in terms of resource use efficiency. In moving crop yields towards an efficiency frontier, optimal pest and disease management will be essential, especially as the proportional production of some commodities steadily shifts. With this in mind, it is essential that the full spectrums of crop production limitations are considered appropriately, including the often overlooked nematode constraints about half of all nematode species are marine nematodes, 25% are free-living, soil inhabiting nematodes, I5% are animal and human parasites and l0% are plant parasites. Today, even with modern technology, 5-l0% of crop production is lost due to nematodes in developed countries. So, the aim of this work was to review some agricultural nematodes genera, species they contain and their management methods. In this review work the species, feeding habit, morphology, host and symptoms they show on the effected plant and management of eleven nematode genera was reviewed. -
Management Strategies for Control of Soybean Cyst Nematode and Their Effect on Nematode Community
Management Strategies for Control of Soybean Cyst Nematode and Their Effect on Nematode Community A Thesis SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Zane Grabau IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE Dr. Senyu Chen June 2013 © Zane Grabau 2013 Acknowledgements I would like to acknowledge my committee members John Lamb, Robert Blanchette, and advisor Senyu Chen for their helpful feedback and input on my research and thesis. Additionally, I would like to thank my advisor Senyu Chen for giving me the opportunity to conduct research on nematodes and, in many ways, for making the research possible. Additionally, technicians Cathy Johnson and Wayne Gottschalk at the Southern Research and Outreach Center (SROC) at Waseca deserve much credit for the hours of technical work they devoted to these experiments without which they would not be possible. I thank Yong Bao for his patient in initially helping to train me to identify free-living nematodes and his assistance during the first year of the field project. Similarly, I thank Eyob Kidane, who, along with Senyu Chen, trained me in the methods for identification of fungal parasites of nematodes. Jeff Vetsch from SROC deserves credit for helping set up the field project and advising on all things dealing with fertilizers and soil nutrients. I want to acknowledge a number of people for helping acquire the amendments for the greenhouse study: Russ Gesch of ARS in Morris, MN; SROC swine unit; and Don Wyse of the University of Minnesota. Thanks to the University of Minnesota Plant Disease Clinic for contributing information for the literature review. -
Temperature and the Life Cycle of Heterodera Zeae 1
Journal of Nematology 22(3):414-417. 1990. © The Society of Nematologists 1990. Temperature and the Life Cycle of Heterodera zeae 1 PAULA A. HUTZELL AND LORIN R. KRUSBERG2 Abstract: Development of the corn cyst nematode, Heterodera zeae, was studied in growth chambers at 20, 25, 29, 33, and 36 -+ 1 C on Zea mays cv. Pioneer 3184. The optimum temperature for reproduction appeared to be 33 C, at which the life cycle, from second-stage juvenile (]2) to J2, was completed in 15-18 days; at 36 C, 19-20 days were required. Juveniles emerged from eggs within 28 days at 29 C and after 42 days at 25 C. Although J2 were present within eggs after 63 days at 20 C, emergence was not observed up to 99 days after inoculation. Female nematodes produced fewer eggs at 20 C than at higher temperatures. Key words: corn cyst nematode, Heterodera zeae, life cycle, temperature. The corn cyst nematode, Heterodera zeae H. zeae, including the influence of temper- Koshy, Swarup & Sethi, was first described ature on its life cycle. from corn, Zea mays L., in India in 1970, where it is widespread in most corn-grow- MATERIALS AND METHODS ing areas and is considered to pose an eco- Cultures of H. zeae were initially estab- nomic threat to corn production (4,5). Het- lished on Zea mays cv. Pioneer 3184 in the erodera zeae was subsequently detected in greenhouse as previously described (3). several agricultural regions of Egypt (Otei- Cysts from these cultures were the source fa, unpubl.) and in Pakistan (8). -
Rapid Pest Risk Analysis (PRA) For: Stage 1: Initiation
Rapid Pest Risk Analysis (PRA) for: Globodera tabacum s.I. November 2014 Stage 1: Initiation 1. What is the name of the pest? Preferred scientific name: Globodera tabacum s.l. (Lownsbery & Lownsbery, 1954) Skarbilovich, 1959 Other scientific names: Globodera tabacum solanacearum (Miller & Gray, 1972) Behrens, 1975 syn. Heterodera solanacearum Miller & Gray, 1972 Heterodera tabacum solanacearum Miller & Gray, 1972 (Stone, 1983) Globodera Solanacearum (Miller & Gray, 1972) Behrens, 1975 Globodera Solanacearum (Miller & Gray, 1972) Mulvey & Stone, 1976 Globodera tabacum tabacum (Lownsbery & Lownsbery, 1954) Skarbilovich, 1959 syn. Heterodera tabacum Lownsbery & Lownsbery, 1954 Globodera tabacum (Lownsbery & Lownsbery, 1954) Behrens, 1975 Globodera tabacum (Lownsbery & Lownsbery, 1954) Mulvey & Stone, 1976 Globodera tabacum virginiae (Miller & Gray, 1968) Stone, 1983 syn. Heterodera virginiae Miller & Gray, 1968 Heterodera tabacum virginiae Miller & Gray, 1968 (Stone, 1983) Globodera virginiae (Miller & Gray, 1968) Stone, 1983 Globodera virginiae (Miller & Gray, 1968) Behrens, 1975 Globodera virginiae (Miller & Gray, 1968) Mulvey & Stone, 1976 Preferred common name: tobacco cyst nematode 1 This PRA has been undertaken on G. tabacum s.l. because of the difficulties in separating the subspecies. Further detail is given below. After the description of H. tabacum, two other similar cyst nematodes, colloquially referred to as horsenettle cyst nematode and Osbourne's cyst nematode, were later designated by Miller et al. (1962) from Virginia, USA. These cyst nematodes were fully described and named as H. virginiae and H. solanacearum by Miller & Gray (1972), respectively. The type host for these species was Solanum carolinense L.; other hosts included different species of Nicotiana, Physalis and Solanum, as well as Atropa belladonna L., Hycoscyamus niger L., but not S. -
Damage Potential of Heterodera Zeae to Zea Mays As Affected by Edaphic Factors (1)
Fundam. appl. NemalOl., 1997,20 (6), 593-599 Damage potential of Heterodera zeae to Zea mays as affected by edaphic factors (1) Lorin R. KRU5BERC*, Sandra SARDANELU* and Arvydas P. GRYBAUSKAS** *Deparlmenl ofPlan1 Biology and *''1Jeparlmenl ofNatural Resource Sciences and Landscape ATChileclure, University of Mm)'land, Coltege Park, MD 20742, USA. Accepted for publication 21 February 1997. Summary - During 1986-1990, the effects of the corn cyst nematode, HelR.rodera zeae, on growth and grain yield of maize, Zea mays, were studied in field microplots. These experimenrs were conducred in microplots conraining a coarse-rextured or a fine-rextured soil, with and without added minerai fertilizer, and with and without H. zeae. Maize growth (dry weight) and yield were suppressed by 13 ro 73 % in 4 of the 5 years in the presence of H. zeae. These plant responses to H. zeae were greater in coarse-texrured than in fine-textured soil. Fertilizer amendments did not alleviate suppression of plant growth by H. zeae. The nematode caused more damage to maize plants in hot, dry rather than cool, wet seasons. Résumé - Effets defacumrs édaphiques sur le potentiel de dégats causés par Heterodera zeae au lnaïs - On a étudié les effets du nématode à kyste du maïs, Heterodera zeae, sur la croissance et la récolte en grain du maïs, Zea mays, en micropar celles pendant les années 1986-1990. Ces expériences ont été conduites en microparcelles contenant du sol à texture fine ou grossiére, avec ou sans engrais minéraux, et avec ou sans H. zeae. La croissance du maïs (poids sec) et la récolte de grain ont décru de 13 à 73 % pendant 4 ans sur 5, en présence de H. -
Morphometrics of Globodera Tabacum Tabacum, G. T. Virginiae, and G. T
Journal of Nematology 25(2):148-160. 1993. © The Society of Nematologists 1993. Morphometrics of Globodera tabacum tabacum, G. t. virginiae, and G. t. solanacearum (Nemata: Heteroderinae) MANUEL M. MOTA AND JONATHAN D. EISENBACK 2 Abstract: A morphometric evaluation of second-stage juveniles (J2), males, females, cysts, and eggs of several isolates of the tobacco cyst nematode (TCN) complex, Globodera tabacum tabacum (GTT), G. t. virginiae (GTV), and G. t. solanacearum (GTS) is presented. Morphometrics of eggs, J2, and males are considerably less variable than of females and cysts. No measurements of eggs and J2 are useful for identification of the three subspecies. Distance from the median bulb and excretory pore to the head end in J2 and males is quite stable. Stylet knob width of males is useful for identifying GTV isolates and tail length in separating males of GTT isolates from GTV and GTS. Body length/width (L/W) ratio of females and cysts discriminates GTT from GTV and GTS; stylet knob width is an auxiliary character for identifying GTV. This subspecies complex has a continuum of values for the other characters. Data suggest a close relationship between GTV and GTS, which also occur in close proximity in Virginia. Key words: Cyst, Globodera tabacum tabacum, G. t. solanacearum, G. t. virginiae, morphometrics, nema- tode, tobacco cyst nematode, species complex, subspecies, variability. Morphometrics has been used exten- No major morphological differences sively in the taxonomy of cyst nematodes, were reported among J2 and males of sev- subfamily Heteroderinae sensu lato Luc et eral isolates of this complex (13). Some dif- al. -
Field Manual of Diseases on Garden and Greenhouse Flowers Field Manual of Diseases on Garden and Greenhouse Flowers
R. Kenneth Horst Field Manual of Diseases on Garden and Greenhouse Flowers Field Manual of Diseases on Garden and Greenhouse Flowers R. Kenneth Horst Field Manual of Diseases on Garden and Greenhouse Flowers R. Kenneth Horst Plant Pathology and Plant Microbe Biology Cornell University Ithaca, NY , USA ISBN 978-94-007-6048-6 ISBN 978-94-007-6049-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-6049-3 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg New York London Library of Congress Control Number: 2013935122 © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, speci fi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on micro fi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied speci fi cally for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. -
EPPO Reporting Service
ORGANISATION EUROPEENNE EUROPEAN AND MEDITERRANEAN ET MEDITERRANEENNE PLANT PROTECTION POUR LA PROTECTION DES PLANTES ORGANIZATION EPPO Reporting Service NO. 12 PARIS, 2012-12-01 CONTENTS 2012/256 - Index of the EPPO Reporting Service 21 Bld Richard Lenoir Tel. : 33 1 45 20 77 94 E-mail : [email protected] 75011 Paris Fax : 33 1 70 76 65 47 Web : www.eppo.org EPPO Reporting Service – Index 2012 2012/256 Index of the EPPO Reporting Service The following index covers all Reporting Service articles published in 2012. This index is also available as an Excel file from the EPPO Web site: http://archives.eppo.org/EPPOReporting/Reporting_Archives.htm Absence 2012/100 ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ does not occur in Canada 2012/102 Eradication of Acidovorax citrulli from Emilia-Romagna (IT) 2012/146 Eradication of Bemisia tabaci in Finland 2012/216 Synchytrium endobioticum no longer found in Northern Ireland, United Kingdom 2012/236 Eradication of citrus huanglongbing in Argentina Aceria kuko 2012/233 Aceria kuko found again in Germany Acidovorax citrulli 2012/102 Eradication of Acidovorax citrulli from Emilia-Romagna (IT) Aculops fuchsiae 2012/212 First report of Aculops fuchsiae in Belgium Afghanistan 2012/193 New data on quarantine pests and pests of the EPPO Alert List Agrilus planipennis 2012/049 Situation of Agrilus planipennis in Canada 2012/193 New data on quarantine pests and pests of the EPPO Alert List Ailanthus altissima 2012/085 A protocol to determine restrictions to use ornamental invasive alien plants 2012/225 Invasive alien -
Exotic Nematodes of Grains CP
INDUSTRY BIOSECURITY PLAN FOR THE GRAINS INDUSTRY Generic Contingency Plan Exotic nematodes affecting the grains industry Specific examples detailed in this plan: Maize cyst nematode (Heterodera zeae), Soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines) and Chickpea cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri) Plant Health Australia August 2013 Disclaimer The scientific and technical content of this document is current to the date published and all efforts have been made to obtain relevant and published information on these pests. New information will be included as it becomes available, or when the document is reviewed. The material contained in this publication is produced for general information only. It is not intended as professional advice on any particular matter. No person should act or fail to act on the basis of any material contained in this publication without first obtaining specific, independent professional advice. Plant Health Australia and all persons acting for Plant Health Australia in preparing this publication, expressly disclaim all and any liability to any persons in respect of anything done by any such person in reliance, whether in whole or in part, on this publication. The views expressed in this publication are not necessarily those of Plant Health Australia. Further information For further information regarding this contingency plan, contact Plant Health Australia through the details below. Address: Level 1, 1 Phipps Close DEAKIN ACT 2600 Phone: +61 2 6215 7700 Fax: +61 2 6260 4321 Email: [email protected] Website: www.planthealthaustralia.com.au An electronic copy of this plan is available from the web site listed above. © Plant Health Australia Limited 2013 Copyright in this publication is owned by Plant Health Australia Limited, except when content has been provided by other contributors, in which case copyright may be owned by another person. -
Parasitization of Maize by Heterodera Avenae and H
12 Bajaj_203 29-12-2005 13:01 Pagina 203 Nematol. medit. (2005), 33: 203-207 203 PARASITIZATION OF MAIZE BY HETERODERA AVENAE AND H. FILIPJEVI H.K. Bajaj* and R.S. Kanwar Department of Nematology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar - 125 004, India Summary. Fewer second stage juveniles of Heterodera avenae and H. filipjevi penetrate the roots of winter maize than penetrate wheat roots. The majority of the penetrated juveniles develop to adulthood in primary roots but females remain small, trapped in- side the roots, and are unable to reproduce. Developing males mostly remain inside the roots in February-sown plants but emerge into the soil in December-sown plants. The adult stage of both nematode species is reached in about 5 weeks in February-sown and in 8-9 weeks in December-sown plants of wheat as well as maize. Some of the second stage juveniles entering the stelar region in February-sown plants are surrounded by necrotic root tissues and fail to develop beyond this stage. Maize roots penetrated by H. avenae become hard and stubby; H. filipjevi infected roots become swollen, develop lateral branches but continue to grow. Winter maize can be exploited as a trap crop for the management of H. avenae and H. filipjevi. Cereal cyst nematodes, the Heterodera avenae com- when the temperature declines in November (Fig. 1), plex, are important nematode pests of wheat, oats and coinciding with the season in which wheat, barley and barley in many countries of the world. Populations from winter maize crops are sown. There is no unanimity re- Germany, England, Sweden and India that were previ- garding the host status of maize to Indian populations ously known as race 3, pathotype 3, pathotype B or the of the former nematode species.