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Lorida James M RECEI. ED U F LIBR .RY ~.:P 2 4 20 3 LORIDA.., ' :'"'\ - I J HISTORICAL QUARTERLY PUBLISHED BY THE FLORIDA HISTORICAL SOCIETY VOLUME 92 SUMMER 2013 NUMBER 1 The Florida Historical Quarterly Published by the Florida Historical Society Connie L. Lester, Editor Daniel S. Murphree, Assistant Editor and Book Review Editor Robert Cassanello, Podcast Editor Scot French, Digi,tal Editor . Sponsored by the University of Central Florida Board ofEditors Jack Davis, University of Florida James M. Denham, Florida Southern College Andrew Frank, Florida State University Elna C. Green, Sanjose State University Steven Noll, University of Florida Raymond A. Mohl, University of Alabama, Birmingham Paul Ortiz, University of Florida Brian Rucker, Pensacola State College John David Smith, University of North Carolina, Charlotte Melanie Shell-Weiss, Grand Valley University Brent Weisman, University of South Florida Irvin D.S. Winsboro, Florida Gulf Coast University The Florida Historical Quarterly (ISSN 0015-4113) is published quarterly by the Florida Historical Society, 435 Brevard Avenue, Cocoa, FL 32922 in cooperation with the Department of History, University of Central Florida, Orlando. Printed by The Sheridan Press, Hanover, PA. Periodicals postage paid at Cocoa, FL and additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to the Florida Historical Society, 435 Brevard Ave., Cocoa, FL 32922. Subscription accompanies membership in the Society. Annual membership is $50; student membership (with proof of status) is $30; family membership in $75; library and institution membership is $75; a contributing membership is $200 and higher; and a corporate membership is $500 and higher. Correspondence relating to membership and subscriptions, as well as orders for back copies of the Quarterly, should be addressed to Dr. Ben D. Brotemarkle, Executive Director, Florida Historical Society, 435 Brevard Ave., Cocoa, FL 32922; (321) 690-1971; email: (Ben. [email protected].) Correspondence concerning contributions, books for review, and all editorial matters should be addressed to Editor, Florida Historical Quarterly, Dept. of History, CNH 551, Univ. of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816-1350; (407) 823-0261; fax: ( 407) 823-3184; email: ([email protected].) Manuscripts should be submitted online as an MS Word document. Guidelines for preparing manuscripts are available in the End Notes and at (http://history.cah.ucf.edu/ fhq/ submissions. Iilll2·) The Quarterly is a member of the Conference of Historical Journals. The Florida Historical Society and the editor of the Florida Historical Quarterly disclaim responsibility for statements whether of fact or opinion made by contributors. RECE' 'ED UCF LIBRARY 2 4 20!3 THE S!:RU-H.. S FLORIDA Summer 2013 HI ST 0 RI CAL QUARTERLY Vol. 92, No. 1 Juan Ponce de Leon and the Discovery of Florida Reconsidered by Samuel Turner 1 "Looking for Angola": An Archaeological and Ethnohistorical Search for a Nineteenth Century Florida Maroon Community and its Caribbean Connections by Rosalyn Howard 32 Conquerors, Peacekeepers, or Both? The U.S. Army and West Florida, 1810-1811, ANew Perspective by Samuel Watson 69 The Florida Historical Society Presents an Original Courtroom Drama: Ponce de Le6n Landed HERE!! by Benjamin D. Brotemarkle 106 Book Reviews 128 Book Notes 161 End Notes 167 Cover Illustration: Hand colored postcard. The inscription on the monument reads, "The Discoverer of Florida Juan Ponce de Leon landed near this spot in 1513." The monument, a replica of a monument in Sanjuan, Puerto Rico, was erected by Dr. Andrew Anderson and unveiled on November 11, 1923. Image courtesy of State Archives, Florida Memory http:/ /floridamemory.com/items/ show/259208 . Copyright 2013 by the Florida Historical Society, Cocoa, Fla. Book Reviews Davis, The Rogue Republic: How Would-Be Patriots Waged the Shortest Revolution in American History. by Miles Smith ........................... 128 Hatch, Osceola and the Great Seminole War: A Struggle forJustice and Freedom. by Patricia Riles Wickman ................... 131 Marotti, The Cana Sanctuary: History, Diplomacy, and Black Catholic Marriage in Antebellum St. Augustine, Florida. by Larry Eugene Rivers ..................... 133 Gallagher, The Union War. by Brian Craig Miller. 136 Weinfeld, The Jackson County War: Reconstruction and Resistance in Post-Civil War Florida. by Will Guzman . 138 Frantz, The Door ofHope: Republican Presidents and the First Southern Strategy, 1877-1933. by R. Matthew Poteat. ...................... 141 Bowen, The Roots ofModern Conservatism: Dewey, Taft, and the Battle for the Soul of the Republican Party. by James W. Lamare . 143 Shirley, Everglades Patrol. by Craig Pittman .......................... 145 Berger, Seeing Through Race: A Reinterpretation of Civil Rights Photography. by Reginald Ellis . 148 Feldman, Painting Dixie Red: When, Where, Why, and How the South Became Republican. by Garry Boulard . 151 Gutek and Gutek, Pathways to the Presidency: A Guide to the Lives, Homes, and Museums of the U.S. Presidents. by Whitney A. Martinko .................... 154 Nijman, Miami: Mistress of the Americas. by Raymond A. Mohl. ...................... 156 Link, Links: My Family in American History. by Bruce F. Pauley .. ...................... 158 Book Notes Alderson, The Great Flmida Seminok Trail: Complete Guide to Seminok Indian Historic and Cultural Sites. by Sarika Joshi . 161 Cook, Orlando's Historic Haunts. by Anne Lindsay ........................... 161 Kilby, Finding the Fountain of Youth: Ponce de Leon and Florida's Magical Waters. by Anne Lindsay . 163 Robinson, A Tro-pical Frontier: Pioneers and Settlers of Southeast Florida, 1800-1890. by Allison Sellers . 164 Robinson, A Tropical Frontier: Taks of Old Florida. by Allison Sellers . 164 Townsend, Age of Barbariry: The Forgotten Fight for the Soul ofFlorida. by Adam S. Rock . 165 Trinklein, Lost States: True Stories of Texlalwma, Transykwani.a, and Other States That Never Made It. by Matt Darroch . 166 Juan Ponce de Leon and the Discovery of Florida Reconsidered by Samuel Turner Introduction is paper will reconsider a number of sources, both those ommonly cited as well as some that are less well known, that are used in our interpretation and understanding of Juan Ponce de Leon's 1513 voyage of discovery to Florida. A number of ideas that are commonly accepted as fact are reexamined. These include the date of Ponce's first sighting of the east coast of Florida, the specific ship types used during the voyage, as well as the perception that the latitudes provided in our principal source for this voyage suffer from a "northing error." The Melbourne Beach landing theory will also be examined and considered in light of these findings. Additional historical information regarding Ponce is offered in order to place him in his contemporary historical context and illustrate some of the political circumstances that led to this voyage. Ponce was born in the small agricultural town of Santervas de Campos in the province of Valladolid in 1474.1 As a youth he Samuel Turner holds a Masters degree in Nautical Archaeology from Texas A&M University and a Ph.D. from King's College of the University of London in Spanish and Spanish-American Studies. He currently serves as the Director of Archaeology for the Lighthouse Archaeological Maritime Program (LAMP) of the St. Augustine Lighthouse & Museum. He has lived in St. Augustine since 2006. 1. Robert Weddle, Spanish Sea: The Gulf of M exico in North American Discovery 1500-1685 (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1985) , 39; Samuel Morison, The European Discovery ofAmeri ca: The Southern Voyages A . D. 1492-1616 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1974), 502; Aureio Ti6, Fundaci6n de San German y Su Signi.ficaci6n en el Desarrollo Politico, Economico, Social y Cultural de Puerto Rico (San Juan: Biblioteca de Au tores Puertorriquerios, 1956), 86. [I] 2 FLORIDA HISTORICAL QUARTERLY received training in the military arts and apprenticed for a Spanish knight named Pedro Nunez de Guzman, a leading member of the :rp.ilitary order of Calatrava. Ponce served with Nunez de Guzman in the wars against the Moors in Spain and was present at the fall of the Kingdom of Granada in 1492, the year Columbus first sailed for the New World. With Nunez de Guzman's help, Ponce, aged nineteen, obtained passage in the Spanish fleet that sailed for the New World in 1493. This was Christopher Columbus's second voyage and it resulted in the founding of La Isabella on the Island of Espanola. Consequently, Ponce witnessed and participated in the founding of Spanish culture in the New World. Eleven years later in 1504, Ponce commanded a company of Spanish soldiers from the city of Santo Domingo, the principal port on the island of Espanola, who were engaged in the subjugation of the last independent Indian province on the island, Higiiey. The province, in eastern Espanola on the Mona Passage, was given to Ponce by Governor Nicolas de Ovando to govern following Spanish victory in 1505.2 There he founded the town ofSalvale6n de Higuey. Sometime between 1504 and 1506, Ponce, aged thirty to thirty-two, married Leonor, the daughter of an innkeeper in Santo Domingo. 3 In 1505-1506, Ponce received news of gold on the neighboring island, San Juan Bautista, today known as Puerto Rico, which lay across the Mona Passage. He organized a prospecting party and founded a gold mining settlement called Caparra in the hills overlooking what is today called San Juan Bay. By 1508 he had signed
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