DNA and Chromosomal Mutation Problems

DNA and Chromosomal Mutation Problems 1. Below is the base sequence for the protein for normal hemoglobin and the base sequence for the sickle cell hemoglobin.

Normal DNA GGG CTT CTT TTT Sickle DNA GGG CAT CTT TTT

a) Transcribe and translate the normal and sickle cell DNA. Normal DNA GGG CTT CTT TTT Sickle DNA GGG CAT CTT TTT mRNA ______mRNA ______protein ______protein ______(aa’s abbreviated – first three letters)

b) Identify this as a point or frameshift mutation? How do you know? ______

c) If the base sequence read GGG CTT CTT AAA instead, would this result in sickle cell hemoglobin? NO why? ______

2. Use the DNA sequence below to answer the following questions.

AAT GCC AGT GGT TCG CAC a) Transcribe and translate the DNA above. DNA AAT GCC AGT GGT TCG CAC mRNA ______protein ______

b) Study the following mutations and identify them as point (P) or frameshift (F) mutations. i) AAT GGC AGT GGT TCG CAC = _____ ii) AAT GCC AGT GGT TCG CAA = _____ iii) AAT CCA GTG GTT CGC AC = _____ iv) AAT GCC AGT GGT TCG CCA C = _____ v) AAT GCC AGG GTT CGC AC = _____

3. Which kind of mutation, point or frameshift is more harmful and why? ______4. Identify the following types of chromosomal mutations

5. Look at the following karyotypes and identify the chromosomal mutations a)

6. Which of the karyotypes above shows “fragile X” syndrome (insertion/duplication on the X chromosome)? circle: 5a or 5b or 5c 7. Which of the karyotypes above is “Cri du Chat” syndrome (a deletion on chromosome 5)? circle: 5a or 5b or 5c 8. Which karyotype shows translocation which could be the cause of some cancers, severe autism and mental retardation? circle: 5a or 5b or 5c