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Fish Fauna of River Ujh, an Important Tributary of the River Ravi, District Kathua, Jammu

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Fish Fauna of River Ujh, an Important Tributary of the River Ravi, District Kathua, Jammu Environment Conservation Journal 16 (1&2)81-86, 2015 ISSN 0972-3099 (Print) 2278-5124 (Online) Abstracted and Indexed Fish fauna of river Ujh, an important tributary of the river Ravi, District Kathua, Jammu V. Rathore and S. P. S. Dutta Received:16.03.2015 Accepted:18.05.2015 Abstract Fish survey of river Ujh, an important clean water tributary of the river Ravi, in Kathua district, has revealed the presence of 42 fish species belonging to 5 orders, 10 families and 27 genera. Fish fauna is dominated by Cypriniformes (27 species), followed by Siluriformes (10 species), Synbranchiformes (2 species), Perciformes (2 species) and Beloniformes (1 species). Fishing methods commonly employed include cast net, rod and hook, pocket net, poisoning, hand picking, stick, sickle and simple cloth. Fish diversity is fast depleting due to over exploitation, illegal fishing methods and fishing during breeding season. There are great prospects of increasing fish production in this river by stocking various carps in seasonal Ujh barrage at village Jasrota. Keywords: Fish fauna, river, fish diversity Introduction Riverine fish resources are fast depleting due to passes through narrow valley, deepens more and lack of fish resource information and over more to assume the character of gorge. Further exploitation. Sustainable exploitation of water bodies require detailed analysis of fish fauna down, at Panjtirthi, the valley widens and four inhabiting lotic waters and scientific streams viz. Bhini, Dangara, Sutar and Talin join management through regular monitoring and the Ujh. The Bhini is perennial and the remaining proper check on fishing pressure, including three streams are seasonal.It ultimately joins the unscientific fishing methods. Fish survey of river Ravi in Pakistan and the length of the river lotic and lentic water bodies of district in the district is 65 km. In the vicinity of Jasrota Kathua, including river Ujh, has earlier been village, a reservoir has been constructed. Water of made by Joshi et al. (1978), Dutta and Kour this reservoir is used for irrigation to some parts of (1999) and Dutta et al. (2001 and 2006). Kathua district. Migratory population from other During the detailed hydrobiological survey of states collects water for consumption at various river Ujh, some new fish records were seen places, along the river. and have been enlisted. Fishing methods commonly employed have also been Material and Methods described. This will provide basic information Fish collection and identification to the State Fishery Department to explore the Fishing Methods: possibilities of restoring fish in this non polluted Cast net: It is conical in shape and forms a circle water body, particularly in Ujh barrage when spread out. The foot rope, along the Topography of river Ujh circumference of the net, has small iron or lead The river Ujh catches the snowmelt water from weights attached all around at about 10-15 cm the wide area in the middle Himalayas close intervals. Each weight is cylindrical, 4 cm long to the source of river Tawi in Bhaderwah. and 2 cm in diameter. A string or line passes Close to Mandili, the river enters the Siwalik and from the centre and is held in the hand for Author’s Address Department of Environmental Sciences, operating the net. The central line (rope) branches University of Jammu, Jammu out into several lines and also into sub-branches, E-mail: [email protected] finally connected to the free edge of the net. The Copyright by ASEA 81 Environment Conservation Journal All rights of reproduction in any form reserved Rathore and Dutta edges of the net are folded inwardly and are fi xed preserved in 10% formaldehyde solution and by twines to form pockets. The fisherman identified (Hamilton,1822: Day, 1897: Mishra, operates the net, while in water. A man holds the 1962: Dutta and Malhotra, 1984: Talwar and net so that it can be skillfully thrown out on water Jhigran, 1991: and Jayaram, 1999). to land horizontally and enclosed (entraps) the fish as it sinks. The mesh size of the net is 2-5 cm and Results and Discussion the diameter of the net is 5 meters. Fish survey of river Ujh, an important tributary Rod and hook: In this method, a baited metallic of the river Ravi, in Kathua district, has revealed hook is tied to a wooden stick through a thread. the presence of 43 fish species, belonging to 5 Bait commonly used for attracting fish are flour orders, 10 families and 27 genera. pills, earthworms, blood of sheep and goat and intestine of chicken. A small wooden float is also attached to the thread. Baited rod is kept in Super-class : Gnathostomata pool section of the river. Attracted by the bait, Class : Actinopterygii the fish engulfs the hook and is then taken out of Sub-class : Neopterygii water and collected. The movements of the fish are Division : Teleostei indicated through a float. Sub-division : Euteleostei Pocket method: Super-order : Ostariophysi 1. Single pocket net Order : Cypriniformes 2. Multiple pocket net Sub-order : Cyprinoidei A rectangular sheet of plastic cement bags, Family : Cyprinidae having one or more pockets, is formed by Sub-family :Danioninae sewing cement bag sheets and is connected to a (= Rasborinae) rectangular frame of wooden sticks. Inside the pockets some wooden pieces are placed in such 1. Salmostoma bacaila (Ham. Buch.) a way as to keep the pockets open. The net is 2. Salmostoma panjabiensis (Ham. Buch.) suspended through a rope near the outlet of 3. Aspidoparia morar (Ham. Buch.) barrage in the evening. Fishes jump from pools 4. Barilius vagra vagra (Ham. Buch.) located at the base of outlet of barrage and 5. B. bendelisis (Ham. Buch.) enter into the open pockets of the net. Once inside 6. Rasbora rasbora (Ham. Buch.) the pocket, the fish is unable to escape. Fish 7. Esomus danricus (Ham. Buch.) Poisoning: Some people mix DDT or 8. Danio devario (Ham. Buch.) bleaching powder in a bucket of water and is Sub-family: Cyprinine poured in shallow pools. After poisoning fishes 9. Tor tor (Ham. Buch.) start floating and are collected. Simple cloth: In this method, a rectangular bed 10. T. putitora (Ham. Buch.) sheet/ladies dupatta is hauled through water 11. Puntius sophore (Ham. Buch.) in pools by two persons. Periodically, the cloth 12. P. chola (Ham. Buch.) is brought to the surface and fishes are collected. 13. P. ticto (Ham. Buch.) Miscellaneous methods: Some people use sticks 14 P. conchonius (Ham. Buch.) in concrete areas, under the bridges, to collect fish. 15. Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham. Buch.) As soon as a fish is seen moving downstream, 16. C. reba (Ham. Buch.) along with water currents, it is struck with a 17. Labeo dero (Ham. Buch.) wooden stick and is immediately collected. In the 18. L. dyocheilus (Mc. Cll.) barrage area, near Jasrota, gates are raised and 19. L. pangusia (Ham. Buch.) people collect fish from shallow pits by hands. 20. Catla catla (Ham. Buch.) Some people strike fish with a stick, sickle and Sub-family: Garrinae metallic rods. Some people collect fish from 21. Crossocheilus latius diplocheilus(Hekel.) depressions and strike it on the bottom. Fishes die 22. Garra lamta (Ham. Buch.) and are collected immediately. Dead fishes were 23. G. gotyla (Gray) 82 Environment Conservation Journal Fish fauna of river Ujh, Family: Balitoridae Commercially important fishes occurring in river Sub-family : Nemacheilinae Ujh are Tor tor, T. putitora, Catla catla, Cirrhinus 24. Acanthocobitis botia (Ham. Buch.) mrigala, C. reba, Labeo dero, L. dyocheilus, L. pangusia, Aorichthys seenghala, Wallago attu and Family : Cobitidae Bagarius bagarius. Other fish species are on great Sub-family : Botinae demand by migratory population from Bihar, 25. Botia almohare (Gray) Orissia, Madhya Pradesh etc.. Channa spp. are sold 26. Botia birdi (Chaudhari) live in the market and are highly preferred by Bengalis. Ichthyofaunistic study of river Ujh has Sub-family : Cobitinae shown the dominance of Cypriniformes (27 spp.) 27. Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Ham. Buch.) followed by Siluriformes (10 spp.), Synbranchiformes and Perciformes (2 spp., each) Order : Siluriformes and Beloniformes (1 sp.). Dominance of Family : Bagridae Sub- Cypriniformes, as seen during the present study, is family : Bagrinae in accordance with the observations of Das and 28. Aorichthys seenghala (Sykes) Nath (1966a; 1971), Tilak (1971) and Dutta et al. 29 Mystus bleekeri (Day) (2003) for river Tawi and its tributaries, Dutta 30 Mystus uittatus (Bloch) (1978) for Gadigarh nullah, Dutta (2003) for Family : Siluridae Poonch district, Dutta et al. (2001) and Sharma and 31 Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch) Dutta, 2012 for river Basantar, Dutta et al. (2002a) 32 Wallago attu (Bloch and Schineider) for Rajouri district, Dutta et al. (2002) for the river Chenab, Joshi et al. (1978) and Dutta et al. (2006) Family : Amblycipitidae for various tributaries of the river Ravi viz., Tarnah 33. Amblyceps mangios (Ham. Buch.) nullah and Kathua khad, Dutta and Fayaz (2003) for Doda district, Dutta and Kour (2005) for various Family : Sisoridae lotic and lentic water bodies of Kathua 34. Bagarius bagarius (Ham. Buch.) district,Guglani (2000) for various districts of 35. Glyptothorax pectinopterus (Mc. Cll.) Jammuprovince viz., Poonch, Rajouri, Kathua, 36. G. stoliczkae (Steind) Udhampur, Doda & Jammu and Koul (2000) for 37. G. telechitta telechitta (Ham. Buch.) Behlol nullah, Jammu. Dominance of Cypriniformes from neighbouring states viz., Super-order : Acanthopterygii Himachal Pradesh (Tilak and Hussain, 1977; Order : Beloniformes Sharma and Tandon, 1990; Johal, 1998) and Punjab Sub-order : Belonidei (= Exocoetoidei) ( Dhingr and Vashist, 1967: Johal and Tandon, Family :Belonidae 1981 and Singh, 2005) is also on record. Fish diversity in river Ujh is poor in comparison to the 38. Xenentodon cancilia (Ham. Buch.) findings of earlier workers for various tributaries of Order : Synbranchiformes the river Ravi in Jammu district. Dutta et al.
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