Coldwater Fishery Resources

Todd Richards ([email protected]) Eastern Brook Trout

• Life Cycle • Biology • Conservation Brook Trout Life Cycle Winter

Spring Fall

Summer Brook Trout “Habitat” Cycle Spring Summer Fall Winter 2010 2011 Hamant Brook

20°C

January July January July January Coldwater Fisheries Resources (CFRs) Fish Sampling Fish Community Surveys

• Division samples fish communities as part of the statewide survey and inventory project. • To date we have more than 5,000 fish community samples and more than half a million individual fish records

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!( !( ISLANDS !( !(!( !( !( ISLANDS What is a CFR? MDFW’s definition: A CFR denotes a waterbody that contains Coldwater Fish that reproduced in that waterbody or a tributary thereto and use such waters to meet one or more of their life history requirements.

• Slimy Sculpin (Cottus cognatus) • Longnose Sucker (Catostomus catostomus) • Lake Chub (Couesius plumbeus) • American Brook Lamprey (Lampetra appendix) Coldwater Fish = • Burbot (Lota lota) • Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) • Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) • Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) • Landlocked Salmon (Salmo salar) • Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush) • Rainbow Smelt (Osmerus mordax) Coldwater Fisheries Resource (CFR)

• Currently, there are more than 1,000 CFRs statewide

• Westfield has the most CFRs of any watershed in Massachusetts (170 CFRs)

• Closely followed by Deerfield (161), Connecticut (132), & Chicopee watersheds (126) (all part of the Connecticut River Basin) Statewide CFRs CFR & Water Management Act Regulations • A Water Management Act Permit applicant with a withdrawal point(s) impacting a coldwater fish resource(s) shall, after consultation with the Department and EEA agencies, submit a plan to minimize impacts at the coldwater fish resource by optimizing use of the applicant’s other withdrawal points, if any. CFR Regulation Purpose

• The purpose of 321 CMR 5.00 is to codify in regulation – Definitions – Criteria – Procedures used by the Division to designate waterbodies as CFRs.

These regulations also provide notice of where the Division’s current list of CFRs is available for review by regulatory authorities and the general public. Definition

• Definition focuses on presence of coldwater fish: Coldwater Fish Resource (CFR) means a water body that contains Coldwater Fish that were reproduced in that waterbody or a tributary thereto and use such waters to meet one or more of their life history requirements. Criteria

• Review each summer sampling results • Identify waters with coldwater fish • Review salmonid records • Update the list Reconsideration of Status

• Division will accept written request as accompanied by supporting documentation • Division will review the request in context of existing information • Division will notify person requesting determination in writing

Typical Coldwater Fish Habitat

• Flow • Variety of available habitat

• Temperature • Upstream & downstream passage throughout the brook & • Available food sources to connecting tributaries Typical Coldwater Fish Habitat

• Cover for protection

•Riparian cover (bushes, ferns, trees, other vegetation)

•Root structures

•Undercut banks

•Woody habitat

• Suitable substrate for spawning Impacts to Coldwater Habitat

• Impervious surface

• Water withdrawals

• Dams

• Poorly-designed road crossings & undersized culverts

• Deforestation & vegetation removal

• Wastewater discharge

• Road drainage

• Stormwater Coldwater Fishery Resource List • Internal purposes • DEP Water Quality Standards • Used by Conservation Commissions – Town bylaws • DEP Draft Water Management Act regulations reference Coldwater Fishery Resources

Photo by L. Fontaine Impacts to Coldwater Habitat

• Rivers Protection Act

•200 foot Conservation Commission jurisdiction

•Perennial Streams

•Dry Stream Bed Observation

•Drought Status Drought Warning Not Issued Impacts to Coldwater Habitat

• Rivers Protection Act

•200 foot Conservation Commission jurisdiction

•Perennial Streams

•Dry Stream Bed Observation

•Drought Status

•Biological Component