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Lepidóptera: Pyralidae) Y Aportes a La Diversidad De Lepidópteros Acuáticos En El Uruguay

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Lepidóptera: Pyralidae) Y Aportes a La Diversidad De Lepidópteros Acuáticos En El Uruguay Tesis de Grado Descripción de la larva Paracles azollae Berg, 1877 (Lepidóptera: Pyralidae) y aportes a la diversidad de lepidópteros acuáticos en el Uruguay. Estudiante: Andrea Diez Orientador: Dr. Enrique Morelli Coorientador: Mag. Gabriela Bentancur 2016 Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de la República Licenciatura en Ciencias Biológicas Orientación Entomología 1 ÍNDICE INTRODUCCIÓN .......................................................................................................................................................... 5 Lepidópteros acuáticos. ................................................................................................................ 6 HIPÓTESIS ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 9 OBJETIVOS ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 9 Objetivos generales ...................................................................................................................... 9 Objetivos específicos ................................................................................................................... 9 MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS .................................................................................................................................... 10 RESULTADOS ............................................................................................................................................................ 11 ESTADO DEL CONOCIMIENTO ..................................................................................................................................................... 11 INVENTARIO Y DISTRIBUCIÓN DE LAS FAMILIAS Y ESPECIES. ............................................................................................... 11 ESTADO ACTUAL DEL CONOCIMIENTO EN CUANTO A LAS DESCRIPCIONES Y A LA BIOLOGÍA LARVAL. ......................... 15 ESTADO DEL CONOCIMIENTO EN CUANTO A LAS DESCRIPCIONES Y A LA BIOLOGÍA LARVAL DE LAS ESPECIES CITADAS PARA EL URUGUAY. ...................................................................................................................................................................... 16 Paracles azollae (Berg, 1877) (Erebidae) .................................................................................. 16 Paracles burmiesteri (Berg, 1877) (Erebidae) ........................................................................... 17 Niphograpta albiguttalis (=Sameodes) (Warren, 1889) (Pyralidae) .......................................... 18 Samea multiplicalis(Guenée, 1854)(Crambidae). ...................................................................... 19 ESTADO DEL CONOCIMIENTO EN CUANTO A LAS DESCRIPCIONES Y A LA BIOLOGÍA LARVAL DE LAS ESPECIES CITADAS PARA SUDAMÉRICA. ...................................................................................................................................................................... 20 Paracles argentina (Berg, 1877) (Erebidae). ............................................................................. 20 Paracles laboulbeni (Bar, 1873) (Erebidae). ............................................................................. 20 Paracles palustris (Jorgensens, 1935) (Erebidae). .................................................................... 21 Paracles klagesi (Rothschild, 1910) (Erebidae). ....................................................................... 22 Rupela albinella (Stoll, 1781) (Pyralidae). ................................................................................ 22 DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA LARVA MADURA DE PARACLES AZOLLAE (BERG, 1877). .................................................................. 24 Quetotaxia cefálica ..................................................................................................................... 24 DISCUSIÓN ................................................................................................................................................................. 31 CONCLUSIONES ........................................................................................................................................................ 33 ANEXO I ....................................................................................................................................................................... 34 DIAGNOSIS DE LAS FAMILIAS DE LEPIDÓPTEROS ACUÁTICOS Y SEMIACUÁTICOS. ......................... 34 Familia Nepticulidae (Stainton, 1854) ....................................................................................... 34 Familia Coleophoridae (Hübner, 1825) ..................................................................................... 34 Familia Cosmopterigydae (Heinemann & Wocke, 1876) .......................................................... 35 Familia Noctuidae (Latreille, 1809) ........................................................................................... 36 Familia Tortricidae (Latreille, 1803) ......................................................................................... 36 Familia Pyralidae (Latreille, 1802) ............................................................................................ 37 Familia Crambidae (Latreille, 1810). ......................................................................................... 38 Familia Erebidae (Leach, 1815) ................................................................................................. 40 Subfamilia Arctiinae (Leach, 1815) ........................................................................................... 40 ANEXO II ..................................................................................................................................................................... 42 CARACTERES TAXONÓMICOS LARVALES UTILIZADOS EN LA DESCRIPCIÓN LARVAL DE LEPIDÓPTEROS. ....................................................................................................................................................... 42 Consideraciones generales ......................................................................................................... 42 QUETOTAXIA LARVAL .................................................................................................................................................................. 43 SEDAS CRANEALES ........................................................................................................................................................................ 44 2 SEDAS TORÁCICAS Y ABDOMINALES .......................................................................................................................................... 47 Sedas Microscópicas o propioceptoras (M). .............................................................................. 47 Sedas largas o táctiles (XD1, XD2, D1, D2, SD1, SD2, L1, L2, L3, SV1, SV2, V1) ....................... 48 ANEXO III .................................................................................................................................................................... 51 CLAVES DISPONIBLES ................................................................................................................................................................... 51 Clave para larvas de las familias acuáticas y semiacuáticas (Romero & Navarro, 2009). ........ 51 Clave para larvas Nymphulinae (Crambidae) mas comunes. .................................................... 52 BIBLIOGRAFÍA .......................................................................................................................................................... 54 Índice Figuras Fig. 1. Esquema de la cabeza larval en vista frontal y lateral (Tomado de Costa & Simonka, 2006). 6 Fig. 2. Abundancia de géneros de lepidópteros acuáticos y semiacuáticos para el Neotrópico. ....... 12 Fig. 3. Riqueza de especies para el género Paracles en América del Sur. ........................................ 15 Fig. 4. Vista lateral de la larva de Niphograpta albiguttalis(Tomado de Center, et al. 1982). ......... 19 Fig. 5. Vista lateral de la larva madura de Paracles azollae. Escala: 4 mm. ..................................... 24 Fig. 6. Cápsula cefálica de larva de Paracles azollae: a- vista frontal; b- vista lateral. Abreviaturas; Afa- Poro Adfrontal; MD1, MD 2, MD 3- Sedas propioceptoras; Pa,Pb - Poros verticales; A1,A2,- Sedas anteriores; AF1, AF2- sedas adfrontales; Afa- poro adfrontal; S1,S2 - Sedas estematales; C1,C2 - Sedas clipeales. Escala: 1 mm. .............................................................................................. 25 Fig. 7. Quetotaxia torácica de larva de Paracles azollae: a-T1; b- T2-3. Abreviaturas: Ep -Escudo Protorácico; Pl -Plastrón dorsal respiratorio; Vd -Verruga dorsal; Vsd -Verruga subdorsal; Vl - Verruga lateral; Vsv -Verruga subventral ........................................................................................... 26 Fig. 8. Esquema del diseño espurripedial de larva de Paracles azollae: a. segmentos A3-6; segmento A10. ..................................................................................................................................................... 27 Fig. 9. Quetotaxia del abdomen de larva de Paracles azollae en vista lateral. Abreviaturas:
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