D 6785 (L) Diary of Gilbert Mcdougall Recording His Observations of the Flora and Fauna Around Yorke Peninsula from 2 January 1886 to 16 October 1887 with an Index

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D 6785 (L) Diary of Gilbert McDougall recording his observations of the flora and fauna around Yorke Peninsula from 2 January 1886 to 16 October 1887 with an index. Transcribed by Judy Fander, Volunteer at the State Library of South Australia, 2012.

Dropped out of manuscript: two watercolour drawings of two different unnamed insects on small cards. Now housed separately with the diary. Also one small drawing of a seed found between p173 and 174.

On the fly leaf: J C McDougall, c/o National Bank, Adelaide

Natural History Notes. 1886 Edithburgh, Y.P.

Jan.2. Hunting on the rocks down at Gottschalck’s Jetty, & found several varieties of Cominella,a number of which were feeding on a dead Chiton. Several Dromiae, strange brown hairy crabs having their backs covered by a closely-fitting but unattached zoophyte ore sponge; also a couple of Chitonellus Gunni ( ), a genus of Chitonidae in which the plates are very small & narrow & imbedded at intervals along the cartilaginous back of the mollusc. Received a letter from Pulleine to whom I had sent a specimen of the black-faced Artamus which was so abundant a couple of months ago. It is the Masked Wood Swallow (Artamus personatus), a species of periodical occurrence. I have 3 good skins, & 2 eggs. The nest is si placed in similar situations to those of A. sordidus & the construction is pretty much the same, loose twigs with no lining. The male bird has a rusty red breast & is very un-

Page 3. Opposite page 4 Reference date Cyclodus gigas Jan 4. Pythina Deshayesiana perfect. v.p.p. 152,168.Jan 11 Saw specimen in Adelaide Museum, Dec 1886, marked Cryptodromia lateralis (Stimps.) Jan 11

Page 4. common compared with the number of females. Jan.3. Four good specimens of Cassis fimbriata on the rocks past the Cemetery. Jan. 4. Very hot wind sprang up from the S.W. about 5 in the afternoon. Got an uncommon lizard from Stebhens – it was much the same as the ordinary Stumpy-tail, but was slenderer, smoother, had a longer tail & was marked by several transverse black bands. It greedily ate beef in small pieces.Afterwards saw a Hammer-headed Shark about 30 inches long, caught at the reef. Jan. 5. Mallodon tardum (?) brought in by a boy. Jan. 6. Went out after Artamus personatus – all gone. Jan. 8. Large wasp ( No.) brought to me. Schnapper over two feet long caught off the jetty. Jan. 9. Saw Venus at the zenith at 2.30 P.M. shining brilliantly. Another Mallodon. Jan. 11. F.B. got a perfect specimen of Pythina Deshayesii in a rock pool a near the bathing house. Single valves are frequent, but I never saw a double one before. Found another kind of Dromia, flatter & more angluar than the common kind.

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Page 5. Opposite page 6 Reference date Lacon costipennis Jan. 13. Lacon costipennis Jan. 15.

Page 6. Jan. 12. Shot a Shag near the Cemetery – found 3 parasite nearly the size of a pea on its neck. Jan. 13. A 6 foot shark got on a whiting line at the jetty; we managed to hook him in the mouth with a boathook, but he struggled so violently that it tore its way out. Fine Elater brought to me. Jan. 14. Went out with two others to the patches off Gottschalck’s Jetty & in a short time caught 18 whiting & several toadfish (Tetrodon) – these latter are as big a nuisance as the leatherjackets. Sailed to the jetty & after dinner tacked against wind & tide to the same place & pulled in 13 more whiting. Jan. 15. Another Elater. Jan. 18. Two large sharks about 11 & 9 feet long around the jetty, attracted by a smaller one which had been caught & thrown overboard. Tried them with rock cod & whiting for bait, but though they would dart at the bait in a most ravenous fashion they invariably sheered off just at the critical moment. Caught a reddish one about 6 feet long, & cut out its backbone. With two others caught 20 whiting, a red mullet & a flathead in the afternoon.

Page 7. Opposite page 8 Reference date v. p. 132. Jan. 20.

Page 8. Jan.19. Musk-duck, shags & spurwing plover, adult Larus pacificus at Hungry Pt. Shot 4 red- headed dotterels ( Hiaticula ruficapilla ) Jan. 20. Went to the Lighthouse with M.B. in the Water Witch. Wind strong from S.E., had 3 reefs in the sail, tacked twice, & ran close enough in to jump ashore, the tide being low. Found a few eggs of the Little Tern ( Sternula Nereis ), two in each nest or rather in each depression in the sand which serves as a nest. Saw one young one – a little downy helpless thing, gray spotted with brown. The old birds were very excited, & darted screeching at our heads in a perfect cloud. Several large Terns about & a small kind much like Nereis, but having a black beak & a piping note. Query? is it an immature form? No shells of any kind on the island. F.B. had been staying for 3 days – he had a large egg, probably one of the large terns’ ( Sterna poliocerca ). Jan. 21. Caught a very large black wasp digging a hole in the ground near the school – the same species as that caught on the 8th., but much larger. ( No. Jan 22. Two fish dropped out of the mouth of a Shag which

Page 9 Opposite page 10 Reference date Lacon costipennisJan. 24. In June 1887 I showed this Chiton to Pro. Tate. He could not name it & had only seen one of the species before obtained at C. Jervis. Feb. 4.

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Page 10. I had shot: one was a weedfish ( Odax ), the other a long bony angular fish resembling a pipe-fish. Jan. 24. Another Elater brought to me. Jan. 25. Gannet ( Sula australis ) in the bay. Jan. 26. Three Elaters – two of which had flown to a light in a shop window. So common that I will not mention any\more/ Jan. 31. Schizorrhina concolor brought to me. Heard a man on the jetty say that the alligator & crocodile were male and female of the same species, & so were the skate & stingray. Some time ago I heard a remark on the wo name More-pork, that it was spelled Mope- hawk, in allusion to its animal diet & sleepy demeanour in the daytime. Feb. 3. Barque “Antares” on the reef, at low water perfectly upright showing all her copper. She was towed off uninjured at 3 A.M. next day. Feb. 4. On rocks of near the cemetery. Got a fine Chiton, Lyria mitraeformis alive, & several large purple urchins (Strongylocentrotus eurythrogramma) living in holes in the rocks & under stones. Associated with them was a block starfish with 5 long rays covered with blunt spines ¼ of an inch long– this kind is capable of very rapid movement & cannot be preserved perfect owing to

Page 11. Opposite page 12 Reference date On showing it to Prof. Tate, he produced a similar one, & stated that he took it to be Stenochiton Juloidea , but that he had not seen the description & consequently was uncertain. Feb. 9.

Page 12. its suicidal habits. Three dogsharks ( Cestracion Philipsii ) in their usual cave. Caught 6 whiting ( Isosillage maculata ) & a snook ( Sphyraena Novae Hollandiae ) in the afternoon; the latter took the bait just as I lost a whiting I was pulling in. Feb. 7. Talking with one of the fishermen, he told me that fish rise to the surface at intervals to obtain air which they take in through the mouth into the airbladder & use gradually, that the jumping of fish is due to this. I asked him of what use the gills were & was informed they were simply to allow the water to escape which comes in at the mouth & that the fringes are to prevent the water entering at the \gills/. Feb. 8. Two more Schizorrhina concolor – a boy said he found them on a dead chicken. (?) Feb. 9. Went up to Yorketown on the baker’s cart & showed Mr. Matthews two good shells. One was a brown Chiton about long & broad. of which I had found two lying among the weed which had fallen from the anchor into my boat. I sent one to Dr. Magarey, & it was declared new by Tate & Bednall, but Dr. would not part with it for description. The other was a small bivalve shell, white & almost circular when spread, which I found

Page 13. Opposite page 14 Reference Date v. p.p. 66, 110. Feb. 9.

Page 14. attached to the under side of a large stone at dead low water with both valves spread flat limpet fashion. It seemed surrounded by a circlet of fine striae.\ciliae/I obtained three specimens. I borrowed Woodward’s ‘Manual of the Mollusca from Mr. M., & placed the shell

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somewhere near Galeomma. A few miles from Salt Creek I went after the bright blues (Ogyries Amaryllis), which haunt the mistletoe & generally keep well out of reach. They descend on turning the corners of the trees & when fighting, but so sharp a stroke is necessary for their capture that they are rarely ob- obtained perfect. I obtained 14, & send specimens to the Museum, Pulleine, Ashby & Magarey. Caught several bees on blossom of Melaleuca ericifolia, which is well out this year, including one black little spec. with yellow legs uncommon- ly like a Prosopis and emitting a delicious scent like some of that genus. A couple of Stone Plover I could hardly get to move by throwing stones, & on Salt Creek bridge two flocks of Curlews ( Numenius australis ) evidently knew I had no gun. Feb. 10. An enormous shark round the jetty in the afternoon attracted by carcasses of 6 Schnapper sharks which had been caught before breakfast. He refused every bait

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Page 16. which we offered him, even a chunk of shark-flesh cut out of one of the 6 footers. Another shark a foot or two smaller appeared, but was as wary as its mate. At length both disappeared & then re-appeared rooting with their snouts among the weed at the land end of the jetty in three feet of water. A small shark 6 feet long was \had been/ thrown over there & presently the large one seized this across the middle with his jaws, came to the surface, & made off, with his head out of water, shaking his prey as a terrier does a rat, & churning the sea into foam for yards around This he continued for over a hundred yards, his mate following closely in the seething track, & then both disappeared. It was a fine sight, & remarks were freely made as to the little chance a man would have in the jaws of such a monster. Feb. 14. A Diodon with spines fully 1 ½ inches long on the beach. Feb. 18. Two Mallodons from Oaklands. Feb 28. Six small Schnapper caught from the jetty before breakfast. March 6. Shot a heron ( Ardea Novae Hollandiae ) by the quarry. March 9 A few Cardium tenucuistatum from Gothschalck’s Spit; three of us managed to get s about a dozen whiting at Hickey’s Pt. On nearing the anchorage I struck a stingray

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Page 18. which was basking on the surface, & he brought his tail down on the water like a pistolshot, scaring the others mightily. Mar. 10. On going down to fetch the boat to Gottschalck’s, W.B. who was in front, picked up a perfect Nautilus jammed under a rock. It was a wonder it was not broke, but I suppose its lightness saves it. In the sand I found a fine Swimming Crab (Platyonchus bipustulatus), so named in allusion to two red spots in the posterior angles of the carapace. It swam well & buried itself in the sand very quickly. Shot an adult Larus pacificus on the buoy & had a long chase to catch it. Tried the Sultana whiting grounds & caught a red rock crab. Mar. 11. Fishing off the three bushes – caught 1 whiting, 1 rock cod, 1 dogshark & 1 leatherjacket. Excellent !!! In the afternoon tried again further out & got 22 whiting, besides other fish. Mar. 15. Two small green Lamprimae

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Mar. 16. Mr. Matthews sent me a black Schizorrhina with yellow streaks, which he had caught on a mallee bush at Cape Spencer. Mar. 17. Caught a dozen whiting & other fish at Hickey’s Pt. S. fell overboard while jerking his line, & so we came back soon.

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Page 20. Mar. 20. To Warooka on Martin’s coach en route with Mr. Matthews & Mr. Perry for Cape Spencer, where the shore end of the Althorpes Cable wanted fixing. Mar. 21. Up at five & by six o’clock were travelling along the Pisé Range in a southerly direction. Our vehicle was a stout buggy with the seats removed & the body well packed with luggage provisions & bags of chaff on top of which we sat. We were drawn by two horses, which two years before were ranging the scrub in a state of perfect freedom, & were driven by a quondam kangaroo-hunter whose knee had been shattered by a bullet glancing from a rock. After travelling some 5 or 6 miles, we descended the range, left shea-oaks behind, & entered on a sandy plain covered with clumps of mallee & a graceful shrub known as native broom where a mob of a dozen kangaroos coolly surveyed us within gunshot till we had passed – sandhills running parallel to the coast then appeared & we afterwards we encountered shea-oaks again & drew up at the post office of Nugent, a bush house constructed of logs placed on end & interdaubed with mud, where we re-freshed in the spacious kitchen & then resumed. A

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Page 22. graceful species of wattle filled the air with a delicious per- fume as we entered the frontier settlement of Sandy Pt., half a dozen houses scattered about in the midst of wheat paddocks, the stubble of which was on fire as we passed. Here we saw a bronze-wing pigeon by the side of a well, but did not stop till we got some 7 miles further on, in the uninhabited wilderness of the west, where we unharnessed fed & watered the horses at a well near an ancient ruin known as the Stone Chimney. After a little tucker I wandered down to the shore of Foul Bay, some hundred yards distant, & unsuccessfully banged at a redbill. An osprey ( Pandior leucocephalus ) came soaring round, & I received him with a charge of No. 8—he winced, soared out to sea, came back & settled on a stump some distance away. I reloaded & pursued, & found the bird hanging head downward from the stump, stone dead. It was a fine specimen, & had enormous claws for the size of the bird. Continuing our journey we skirted the bay along the sandhills & then ascended the high ridge which terminates in Cape York, following a fearfully stony track through thick mallee whose roots came too frequently in contact with our wheels—shea-oaks & tea-tree ap-

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Page 24. peared after about a dozen miles of mallee, growing on flats sheltered behind immense sandhills covered with their peculiar vegetation. We passed two waterholes, & stopped at a well near the Swivel Hut, where 2 kangaroo-hunters with black lubras were living. They

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came out while we had dinner, & showed us some nice skins pegged out. A mile or so past the hut we crossed the outskirts of a moving sandhill, a mound of the cleanest sand the top of which being constantly blown off by the S.W. winds causes the hill to move north eastwards burying wattles & shea-oaks as it advances, many of which we saw at various stages of disappearance into the resistless hill. Mallee & shea-oaks with high sandhills prev alternated till we reached a fenced paddock containing three huts—this place, known as the Stone Hut, was the head station when this part of the peninsula was a sheeprun. It was now about 4 in the afternoon & the horses had had heavy work, but we pressed forwards through mallee & tea-tree swamps, choosing picking our way as the track was faint―we watered at Bublacowie, a beautiful well of water in a natural hollow, & al little distance beyond the Emu Waterhole we got out & walked up the high ridge beyond where we obtained a glorious prospect of cliffs & bays,

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Page 26. islands, capes, peninsulas & headlands extending in bold succession from Sandy Pt. on the east to the bold cliffs of Cable Bay\on the west/, just above which a white spot faintly appeared―this was the tent, our destination. The\tufts of/ tussock grass was \were/ so high that we walked the rest of the distance, three miles, & the buggy itself progressed no faster. It was dark & the bright light on Great Althorpe Island was flashing as we approached the tent―voices were followed by their owners, the horses were soon unharnessed & we inside the tent enjoying some bush tea & rest from the weary jolt of 70 \45/ or 80 \50/ miles. A wild- looking farmer called Young, & his sons & son-in-law, were the occupants of the tent before we arrived; they had been putting up some extra telegraph poles as the terminus of the cable has been moved considerably to the westwards through official obstinacy. I saw very little game during our long drive―a couple of Kangaroos, & wattlebirds & black magpies in large flocks. Eagle hawks (Aquila audax) were very abundant & soared close to us: Perry hit one with shot but it escaped; I also notice the Nankeen Kestrel (Tinnunculus cenchroides) & the Brown Hawk (Hieracidea occidentalis)

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Page 28. Mar. 22. Had slept well wrapped in a rug & lying on a tarpaulin, & rose at 7 with the others. I found our tent was placed near the edge of a cliff about 80 ft. high, in front the long ocean swells rolled across Cable Bay & broke in sheets of foam on the cliffs opposite which were termin- ated by a small island dubbed Tam O’Shanter Is. from its peculiar shape. A few scattered mallee bushes surrounded the tent which was backed by a low hill, & on the left rose Emu Hill with the long line of telegraph poles descending it. Our first care was to put the rugs to air on the bushes, we then washed in sea-water at the base of the cliff & breakfast followed. This was our regular morning procedure. Fried rockcod, bread, jam & tea formed the bill of fare & disappeared fast. The morning’s work was stretching the wires & laying the foundation framework for the jun a hut to contain the junction of the wire & cable―I skinned the osprey I shot yesterday. After dinner Young & Co. left with all the horses, & we three were left alone with a tent, tucker & two\screw/tanks of water. I then took my gun & made

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towards Cape Spencer, crossing several sand ridges & gullies before coming to the high range of sandhills which backs the Cape. Here I startled

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Page 30. & was startled by a couple of Kangaroos which went off at a gallop. The roar of the surf at the base of the cliffs attracted me towards them & I followed them round till I reached the trig on the summit of C. Spencer, where I was rewarded by a most magnificent view. Three hundred & fifty feet below, the huge ocean waves rolling in from the SW. boiled broke & boiled among the granitic boulders at the base of the Cape, while they thundered continuously on the beach of a sandy bay close by. Looking eastwards the eye just perceived Cape York in the distance with \and/ Rhino Hd. close by, but was arrested at once by the seething water as it rolled with mighty force against the perpendicular walls which flank the Cape on that side; to the South lay the 3 Althorpe Islands rising precipitously from the ocean ith the high cliffs of Kangaroo I. in the background; nothing broke the expanse of the ocean to the S.W. save a single reef almost hidden & only discoverable by the flying spray it caused; while to the north headland succeeded headland, dark & frowning, separated by steep sandy beaches on which the surf rose, curled & broke, spre covering the sand with acres of foam & sending the spray in thin clouds high over the beetling precipices before them. it.

Page 31. Opposite page 32 Reference date Pardalotus striatus Mar. 23

Page 32. Wedge I. lay in the distance on the West, & looking landwards the eye ranged over range beyond range of mallee-covered sandhills, terminating in the bold headlands to the north. The lighthouse, jetty, & almost perpendicular tramline up the cliff were very distinct on the side of Great Althorpe Is. which fronted us, whoserising hundreds of feet from the blue expanse of ocean. Returning I came across several Kangaroos & eagles, but did not obtain a shot. No shells were to be found at the base of the Cape owing to the terrific surf which reared itself in curving folds of green 12 & 15 feet high. Mar. 23. Penguins (Spheniscus minor) Kept up a continuous noise all night long, & after sunrise I noticed a peculiar whistle outside the tent. I shot the bird―a beautiful little finchlike bird marked with black, yellow & red―but it was moulting & made a poor skin. The tide was out in the morning, & while Perry was attending to the cable, I hunted butterfish & silver whiting ( ) in the rock-pools, but in vain. Took the net & hunted the mallee on the adjoining hills―took Heteronympha Merope, a small skipper, ( ) a sawfly ( No. ), &

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Page 34. several of a bluish brown butterfly with yellow & blue spots on the under surface which I fancy is Ogyris otanes. Notice the New Holland honey-eater (Mel. Novae Hollandiae) for the first time on the peninsula. In the evening went down to a tea-tree swamp behind the tent after wallaby. Not a sound broke the deathlike silence except the thundering of the surf on the coast, save when a

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startled iguana darted across my path. It grew dark & no wallabies appeared, so I tracked homewards, star- & on the way heard the beasts hopping in all directions. Mar. 24. Shot a Kingfisher (Alcedo sanctus) before breakfast & wasted the morning in chasing butterfish. Climbed the cliff after a nest of the small bird I shot yesterday―it was well hidden in a hole, but was old. Got some more Ogyres & some small Telephorae, then hunted penguins with hooks lashed to sticks & caught two which we skinned at once. Fruitless hunt after wallaby, & a moderately successful one after penguins by moon\candle/light. Mar. 25. Hunted for Bulimus Maslersi alive in vain―dead shells everywhere. Got Megachile near the tent, & bulldog ants, black, red, & the two colours combined. Raised a bushfire―cockroaches, spiders, Geocores, Adelium & other

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Page 36. insects swarmed out. Mar. 26. Shot a Kangaroo before breakfast, & broke the key of my gun in settling him―tied barrel to stock with string. After dinner we went down to the bay at Tam O’Shanter Island―Mr. Matthews found a beautiful Nautilus, absolutely perfect, I found a dead seal & took its skull. Caught 3 penguins. Mar. 27. Caught some more penguins, & missed a dark crane \heron/ which seems different from the common Novae Hollandiae. About 11 o’clock started for the Emu Waterhole, 4 miles away―missed an eagle, black magpies numerous. On the far side of the high ridge were 4 Emus, 2 old & 2 half-grown; they were feeding & allowed me to approach within 150 yards & then disappeared very quickly. Shot a couple of Bronzewings ( Peristera elegans )―these bird are very numerous round water on hot days, always sitting motionless on the ground & generally in the shade; they rise very suddenly & have a rapid flight. Two eagles rose from the waterhole as I approached. Walked along the beach to Rhino Hd. but all the shells were in heaps on the west ends of the bays, & smashed to pieces by the waves. Secured a few perfect specimens, including a

Page 37. Opposite page 38 Reference date Pardalotus striatus Mar.28 Euphema petrophila easily distinguished from Euphema aurantia by a blue ring round the eye. E. aurantia is common at Edithburgh along the coast at Christmas.v. p.p. 90, 116, 134.

Page 38. Voluta undulose, but the fragments gave abundant evi- dence of the rich harvest which must be obtainable at times. Shot 4 more pigeons & tracked homewards. Mar. 28. Shot another of the small finchlike birds, & then we all started for Emu Waterhole, Mr. M. & I taking the metamorphic rocks at the base of the Emu Ridge on the way searching for crystals, but only obtained a Chiton which I fancy is new to me. Got a number of shells at the heaps, & on the way home we met three emus coming to drink & Perry went after them. On the flats came across a flock of small parrots feeding―their color of their plumage associated so well with the herbage among which they settled that I could scarcely distinguish them, but I managed to shoot one of each sex & unfortunately damaged the male. Colour above dark green, below yellow, forehead blue―seem to be the same as a

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species I shot one of at Edithburgh before Xmas, last year, but not so brilliant. Emus escaped. Mar. 29. Grilled the pigeons on the coals for breakfast―two amply sufficient for a meal, fleshy & juicy. After dinner went to Cape Spencer, several Kangaroos about but I got no shot. Walked north to a strange peninsula over rough ground; magnificent cliffs, hundreds of feet down. Perry shot

Page 39. Opposite page 40 Reference date Oreoica gutturalis. v.p. 86. Mar. 31.

Page 40. two Kangaroos, one with an immature joey in its pouch. Mar. 30. Cooked Kangaroo steaks for breakfast―too tough & tasteless. After Kangaroos again. I hemmed 8 in & drove them towards the camp, they bolted for the sand-hills but by firing a charge of shot I turned all but two & trapped them on a cape on the other side of which Perry should have been―unfortunately he was not & they cleared. Perry shot a glorious eagle as it was feeding on a dead Kangaroo―it had a fine yellow mane & enormous claws, but the beak was insignificant for the size of the bird. Aurora australis in the evening. Yellow streamers in a pinkish sky. Mar.31. By the time we had packed up & struck the tent Young appeared with a springdray, & getting on board we bade adieu to the camp & rumbled & jolted away over the tussock grass. At the Nt Stone Hut, a strange bird settled on a tree & whistled in a peculiar note, but flew off before I could load. Went down to the beach b while the billy was boiling for lunch bur found nothing. Then on to the Swivel & camped a little beyond the far waterhole. Made breakwind with bushes & a roaring fire; tea had a fearful taste, as a horse had fallen into the well & had been dug out; a couple

Page 41. Opposite page 42 Reference date v.p.224 Mar 31

Page 42. of Kangaroo hunters came & yarned with us around the campfire & one mentioned that hearing there was a man at Edithburgh buying lizards, he had thought of taking down a cartload of stumpytails & iguanas―I explained to him that I only was wanting a few specimens. When they left we piled more logs on the fire, & wrapping in our rugs lay down on a tarpaulin, & fell asleep with the stars looking down on us & the gentle southerly breeze moderating the heat of the fire. Before tea Mr. M. & I went down to the beach―no shells were to be found as the beach was steep & sandy & the surf broke furiously on it in regular lines hundreds of yards long. Gathered a few of the large Turbos which strew the whole of the line of cliffs & which have been taken there by birds. I have hunted the rocks at the Cape for them without success & am almost inclined to think they are extinct here. Perry made a bad shot at an emu at the Stone Hut.―it was walking leisurely along a hundred yards off. April 1. Was rather startled on waking in the morning & finding the moon shining complacently down \on me/. We packed, had break-fast, & were off as the sun rose, startling a few Kangaroos & alarming a wild turkey on the feed. On the shores of Foul

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Page 44. Bay, Perry was baulked by pelicans & I by black ducks. A mob of emus escaped into the scrub near the Stone Chimney & not long after we entered Sandy Pt. & had dinner at Young’s on pork, melon & potatoes―a regal feast. Changed horses & off again, driving for several miles along a dried up swamp bordered with thick tea-tree, then struck the sandy track beyond the sandhills, passed through Tucockowie & reached Yorketown at 5 in the evening. Slept there that night, & the next day went down to Edithburgh. April 12. Lunar rainbow in the S. about 11 o’clock, a rainsquall coming up against the moon. April 16. Occultation of Jupiter by the moon at night. The event excited a great deal of interest as there were two rival opinions among the astronomers in town as to the exact time. Heavy masses of clouds were drifting across a hazeless sky, leaving a clear sky now & then, but at the exact moment of ent ingress the moon was obscured & we missed seeing it. The government astronomer was right the disappearance taking place about 8.24.36 Jupiter emerged about 9.30 P.M. April 18. Four pelicans flew over. April 20. Two Erato bimaculata & an Columbella speciosa \Angasi/ from Creek shellboard.

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Birds observed in the Mallee Country of S.Y. P. 21/3 to 1/4, 1886 Aquila audax Anthus australis Pandion leucocephalus Hirundo neoxena Hieracidea occidentalis Peristera elegans Tinnunculus cenchroides Pardalotus striatus Cracticus destructor Hiaticula ruficapilla Gymnorhina leuconata Euphema petrophila Strepera arguta Rhipidura motacilloides Corvus coronoides Acanthiza Dromais Novae Hollandiae Pelecanus conspicillatus Spheniscus minor Anas superciliosa Larus pacificus Otis australianus Xerna Jamesoni Sterna (Sylochelidon) strenuous

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Phalacrocorax hypoleucus Ardea Novae Hollandiae Haematopus fuliginosus Oedicnemus gh\n/allarius Anthochaera carunculata Ptilotis sonorous Meliphaga Novae Hollandiae

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Page 48. April 23. Noticed Mr. P. with both hands bandaged. One wound was caused by the claw of a crab penetrating his palm as he was breaking it―this caused a bad fester. The other bandage was round a finger. He was rummaging among some papers under his desk the other day & in transferring them to his waste paper basket, felt a prick as of a pin. Half an hour after his finger began to hurt, & he found a round black spot \there/ the size of a pea with a pink centre: In the basket was a spider, one of the large black kind which usually inhabits offices & rooms. After killing it, he let the blood from his finger, went home & poulticed it. His hand became stiff so that he could not use the joints, the whole arm throbbed with pain, & a large lump formed under the armpit. For 4 days he doctored himself & then the pain & inflammation began to subside, & now the arm is nearly well. Fishing with two other in the afternoon near the cemetery―got a few red mullet, rock cod & small schnapper, & then moved to good grounds where we brought the whiting in fast; 46 in all of which I got 19. April 26. Two of us took 33 whiting (my share 21) from the One Bush ground in a very short time, & would have caught

Page 49. Opposite page 50 Reference date Identified as female of Pachycephala gutturalis. May 8.

Page 50. many more, had not a shark taken all our hooks. April 27. Onthophagus pentacanthus appeared. May 1. Small box of insects from Burgess with a cocoon of Antheraea eucalypti. May.2. Got a small Tiger shark about 18 inches long caught yesterday at the whiting grounds. It snapped viciously on being taken out of the well. May 3. Numbers of herons on the rocks & in pulling across Sultana Bay saw plenty of musk ducks but did not get near any. Divers about—are these small grebes? I can never shoot them, as they dive so quickly. Went up Saltwater Creek & raised a large flock of black duck. Had a narrow escape of swamping at the point where the breakers were in great force—were caught in the current & had to pull like grim death. May 5. Small comet in the west—Fabry’s comet. May 8. Very rough & risky trip to Hungry Pt. for shells and which yielded Erato bimaculata, Truncatella scalarina (alive), Cithara compta, Ringicula australis, Triforis, & Columbella bidentata, speciosa & Angasi. L. shanghaied a bird with a yellowish belly and dull upper surface, points resembling both robin & thrush. Made a poor skin.

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Page 51. Opposite page Reference date Liotia siderea. May 10. Tribonyx ventralis. May 13. Page 52. May 9 A couple of Cypraea thersites got from the piles of the jetty in the morning —I found 2 Dromiae crawling up the piles minus their shields. During a walk in the afternoon found 2 Carenum anthracinum under a stone, & saw Petroica Goodenovii, Graucalus melanops, & a gannet diving for roughs. May 10. Away early to Hungry Pt. , unsuccessfully chasing a musk duck on the way. Rain squalls compelled us to shelter a good deal, & though we saw pelicans & black ducks, I only shot a bird resembling a Greenshank, but it was too much knocked about for preservation. Had a stiff run home, flying close hauled on a westerly rain & windsqualls. Shells and yielded a Eulima, several Liotiae, Cingulina circinata & a species of Minolia. May 11. Shooting in the afternoon—fine male Petroica Goode- novii near the oval, male Melanodryas cucculata further on. Roused a couple of stone plover & in Rose’s paddock was the two Nankeen Night-herons (Nycticorax calendonicus) rose from a high tree & to my great astonishment a smaller one further on—they must have bred last year & reared this young one. May 13. A waterhen caught in an outhouse being mobbed by Kan-

Page 53. Opposite page 54 Reference date Also hundreds of single valves of a delicate white shell—Macoma Mariae, which I have never seen before. May 22.

Page 54. garoo birds. It was of a dark bluish hue with red feet & long toes & a stout red bill with a green patch near the base. May 14. Lyria mitraeformis with hermit crab as tenant. Vanessa itea in the garden. May 16. Cuckoo (Cuculus inornatus) & Black breasted D Peewit (Sarciophorus pectoralis) on the way to Wattle Pt. Caught a brown Cadmus with 3 black spots on the thorax. In shellsand from the point got another Eulima & Liotiae. L. shanghaied a Seizura inquieta or Scissorsgrinder—I have hunted this bird for months, but this specimen is the first I have seen here. It is much like Rhipidura motacilloides & yet very different. May 18. While digging new ground for a garden, turned out a couple of Oryctes Mullerianus in a state of hibernation. These beetles do not appear till September. May 20. A fisherman gave me a splendid Scarites which he had caught near the Stone Hut. May 21. Got a dozen whiting off the 3 bushes. May 22. Unsuccessfully chased musk ducks & divers in the boat. Got 4 Cassis fimbriata & a good Haliotis glabra at the point. Fifteen whiting & 2 red mullet off \on/ the One Bush grounds

Page 55. Opposite page 56 Reference date Probably the Boarfish (Histiopterus recurvirostris) May 23

Page 56. May 23. A fisherman netted a peculiar banded silvery fish with a protruding snout & long dorsal fins. Roughly sketched it.

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May 24. Fishing on the One Bush grounds—21 whiting & a flathead my share. A leatherjacket which distended itself like a Diodon caught on the jetty—Monocanthus Baueri. May 25. Fishing again. Tried for squid at the jetty with a rock cod tied to a line & a boathook. A flathead followed the bait up & was hooked, & I endeavoured to serve a squid similarly but his flesh was too slippery & the astonished cephalopod astonished B. by a shower of ink over his face & shirt front. (Laughter). Anchored near Hickie’s Pt. & after several shifts settled down steadily on the fish. A shark took two of my hooks & B. bringing him to the surface I saluted him with a prod of the boathook. Fourteen whiting & 3 red mullet my share of the catch. May 26. Found my box of English bees, which has been stored in Adelaide, attacked by larvae. Threw away over a hundred specimens, unfortunately including Osmia xanthomelana from Dawlish, Andrena cineraria from Wigton, & Bombus Lapponicus taken on Ilkley Moor. A loss indeed! May 29. Letter from Pulleine —Tate says Galeomma is new.

Page 57. Opposite page 58 Reference date Cytherea rutila. Sow. June 2 Cassis pyrus.

Page 58. May 30. Vanessa itea near Sultana. June 1. More Pork (Podargus humeralis) with a damaged eye in the paddock. June 2. After Nankeen Night Herons—saw them but got no shot. Large shark round the jetty. Shells which I sent to Pulleine for identification f & examination by Tate, returned named all correct. Also the following shells from Pulleine—Cardita rosulenta nov. sp. dredged Encounter Bay Leda crassa dredged Encounter Bay Corbula tunicata, single valve Venus hara\roborata d single valve, dredged Encounter Bay Callista Victoriae, black’s camp near Murray Mouth Semicassis paucirugis, Encounter Bay. June 3. Shooting from boat in afternoon—got crane \heron/ & missed grebes? June 5. Walked round to Hungry Pt., raised 2 Mountain Ducks on Sultana mud, & found Macoma Mariae, Limopsis Bas- si, Chione gallinula, Chama fragum\cristella/ & Philine. June 6. Up early to go fishing with Scotty. N.E. breeze, ran round to Troubridge Hill & anchored near Sinclair whe\o/re was hauling schnapper in wholesale—not a bite did we get although we actually threw our lines in the same place. The

Page 59. Opposite page 60 Reference date Rhipidura albiscapa. the White shafted Fantail. June 19 v.p.110 June 21 Female of Pachycephala gutturalis June 21 Mitra Lincolniensis June 23

Page 60. only fish we caught were rock cod & parrot fish June 12. Eleven whiting off the Three Bushes. June 13. Skate of some species with a very rough skin, 5 feet long, caught on the jetty.

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June 19. Sailed to Sultana—got a young brown snake under a log, missed greenshanks? & black duck. A small flycatcher in a wattle-bush—had no dust so loaded with sand & missed. It is a species common in the hills but not observed here before my\by/ me. June 20. Shoals of roughs (Arripis Georgianus) towards Salt Cr., gannets & porpoises making havoc among them. Helped Keyes to take in & clean his net—40 dozen roughs, striped bream & a tetrodon. The squid actually have the audacity to eat the roughs entangled in the net. June 21. While looking for cowries, took up a stone near the quarry, which contained a strange hermit crab—it withdrew into its circular hole so that its claws completely stopped all ingress. L. shanghaied another of the birds noticed on May 8th. June 23. In shells and from Sinclair’s Cove found Eulima Ringicula australis, Cingulina circinata & a small brown & white Mitra, longitudinally striated.

Page 61. Opposite page 62 Reference date Vincentia Waterhousei, a fish peculiar to St. Vincent’s Gulf. June 25 Acanthogenys rufogularis, the Rufous-throated Honey-eater, remarkable for a tuft of stiff white spines on its cheek, in a similar situation to the wattles of the Wattle-bird. v.p. 74. July 7 3 specimens of Saxicava perfect, one long. July 9

Page 62. June 25. Two small fish resembling young schnapper but with very large mouths & peculiar dorsal fins. Caught on jetty about 9 P.M. Spirited them, & sent a sketch to Pulleine. July 2. Tried a little dredging with my boat during the week- breezes too light to pull dredge, but got a few common shells alive such as Thalotia conica, Mitra Tatei, Phasianella —also a Cobbler Fish (Pentaroge marmoratus). *July 7. Strange honey-eaters with bright red bills & yellow throats in the acacia trees at Yorketown—they have a rich musical note & are very tame. Flock of Silver-eyes also. July 9. Sea a sheet of glass. Pulled over to the lighthouse (1 hr. 25 m.) with two others—current very strong. B. got a splendid black cowry on landing, & I found Modiolaria Cumingiana, Haminea cymbalum, & Saxicava arctica. Thirty or forty pelicans rose as we came ashore. One hour, 20 mins. back. July 10. Westerly gust smashed yard of boat when commencing to dredge. Haul—one sea-egg, Holopneustes. July 13. Cuculus inornatus brought to me. July 14. J.B. spoke of a snipe with an upturned beak which he had shot at the creek yesterday. As I suspected it turned out to be an Avocet (Recurvirostra rubricollis)—I secured & skinned it, altho’ it was badly shot in the neck. *July 3. Nest of Kangaroo-bird (Pomatorhinus superciliosus) in S. Parklands, one\three/ eggs. July 5. Another nest of same bird near Institute, 2 eggs.

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Page 64. This is the first bird of this genus I ever had the opportunity of examining, & truly it is a wonderful creature. The bill towards the point is as thin as a wafer & bends almost double— it the bird must be as careful about it as any consumptive about his lungs or it seems to me

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the result would be disastrous. After tea, rigged the sail of the boat on the boathook & got stuck among Sultana shallows. Punted out & ran a- shore near Hungry Pt., wind from SE. so went towards Lozell’s so as to take the ducks on the swamp in the rear. B. remembered he had forgotten his cartridges & on going back to the boat for them, I saved a splendid Nautilus from being smashed by B’s foot. This put the ducks in the shade altogether & eventually we only put up a couple of Mountain duck at long range. July 16. Two eagles feeding on a dead sheep near Seven Roads. July 21. Crow’s nest in Police Paddock with 3 eggs. July 27. Heard that the ‘Pioneer’ was wrecked at Marion Bay on the 23rd. The southerly gale wh. interfered with the football match smashed the fixing of the shrouds, & the rocks & sea combined cutting the anchor lines twice, she drifted ashore broadside on, filled & sank. One man was washed off, & both swam safe ashore.

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Page 66. July 30 Saw an egg from a nest of Ptilotis sonorus in S. Parklands. Aug.1. Four Magpie’s nests with 4,4,1&1 egg respectively, Crow’s with 3, & Kangaroo bird’s with 3. Aug. 3. Letter from Pulleine – Tate has named my limpet like bivalve Scintilla lunata. Aug. 4. Magpie’s nest (1) in N. Parklands. Found a nest of Ephthianura albifrons with 3 eggs in the cemetery, the bird flying off at my feet. Nest was made of grass stalks neatly interlace within & carelessly on the outside, thinly lined with horsehair. It was place under the shelter of a tuft of grass, & was supported by the grass. Was shown a nest of Petroica Goodenovii near the Oval cunningly place on a twisted tea-tree branch & worked outside with lichens so as to resemble an excrescence of the branch. Aug. 5. Got a strange starfish from Martin who dredged it. It had 5 twin connate rays branching & rebranching till only the thickness of vermicelli. Aug. 6. Fd. Carenum anthracinum in N. Parklands, also nest of Acan- thiza chrysorrhoea with 1 egg in the same tree as a nest last year. Diamond Finches (Amadina Lathami) beginning to build bogus nests. Aug. 7. Found a crow’s nest with 3 eggs in Police Paddock in a

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Page 68. high tea tree. Cu Stone Plover very exasperating, rising in most unexpected place. Nankeen Kestrel beating bushes at creek. Aug. 8. Crow’s (4), Magpie (4). found another nest of Eph. albifrons in cemetery with 3 eggs. Magpie’s nests plentiful. Aug. 12. Oryctes Mulleriana appeared. Found 2 small Scorpions under stones on Honiton Rd. Found crow’s nest in Roger’s paddock with 3 half-fledged young ones. Aug. 14. High wind with frequent showers. Went to Wattle Pk. which was radiant with Clematis, Correa, & wattles. Scared a More-pork (Podargus humeralis) from her nest, a few twigs laid crosswise in a fork of a thick branch. – one egg which I rescued from its perilous position & consigned to a safer in my egg-tin. Magpie’s (3) in a mallee bush & in the sandhills a

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Crow’s with young some 10 days old. Peewit’s very excited – found eggshells. L. got Lark’s (2), Whiteface (@) & brought me two Silver eyes which he had shanghaied. Aug. 18. Walked to Hungry Pt. – wind rain & high tide, ergo little result. Long-snouted fiddlers (Rhinobates) dead on beach. Cancellaria spirata, Triforus & Pecten albus, single valve. Aug. 19. Carenum anthracinum ♀ & ♂ ; Oryctes Plentiful, flying rapidly & irregularly close to ground. Saw 2 silver eyes in N. Parklands.

Page 69. Opposite page 70 Reference date Calorhynchus antarcticus, a fish common to every part of the Southern Ocean, & only found in landlocked gulfs or seas on rare occasions. Four others were captured the same month & sent to the Museum, 3 at Noarlunga Aug. 31.

Page 70. Aug. 21. Went up to Newgate without my gun & therefore got within 10 yards of a Night Heron being persecuted by Kangaroo birds.Large Hawk pursued by magpies. Nests of Magpies & Kangaroo bird with eggs. Aug. 22. Unearthed 3 youthful rabbits from a hole in a sandhill at the creek; shellsand yielded one Erato bimaculata. Aug.23. Wilkie caught me a large Pinkie-toe (Lagopus______) but its foot was too badly injured for preservation. It was a fine animal, half again as large as a cat & had a young one, an inch long, fastened to a teat in its pouch & alive, altho’ the dam had been dead several hours. Aug. 24. Fd. Nest of Acanthiza chrysorrhea with 3 speckled eggs by Barnes’s. Query. Why are some eggs of this bird white & others speckled? Aug. 25. Another Pinkie-toe, a large buck & a fine specimen. Was fool enough to try to stuff it & spoiled it altogether. Aug. 28. Went fishing, light N.E. breeze, ergo two leatherjackets. Morepork (2), thrush (3) in old Kangaroo bird’s nest. Aug.29. Carenum anthracinum. Morepork(1). Four large pelicans circled by in the morning. Aug. 31. Everett brought a most extraordinary shark today which he had netted. Its skin was smooth, a long spine projected in front of the dorsal fin, & a it bore a peculiar snout, fleshy & soft. I bought

Page 71. Opposite page 72 Reference date continued from page 69 & 1 at another place. My specimen was 30 in. long.

Page 72. it for half a crown & next day sent it to the Museum. Sept. 1. Nest of Aegotheles Novae Hollandiae with 2 eggs. Sept. 4. Went up thro’ Rose’s to Newgate, finding many Magpie’s nests with young & hardset eggs. Shot Aegotheles in Police Paddock & in the next a fresh crow’s egg was got. Two other crow’s nests with young at Newgate, 4 Kangaroo bird’s with 2 & 3 eggs, young & 1 young & egg. Petroica Goodenovii ♂ & ♀. A beautiful Sittella’s nest lined outside with white lichens so as to blend with the colour of the tea tree branch to which it clung. Butcher bird’s nest with 3 beautiful eggs – old birds make an unusual noise when nest is approached. Other

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Aegotheles & a Morepork which I shot. Started another in far end of Roger’s paddock & within 30 yards found its mate sitting on 2 eggs on the usual apology for a nest. Numbers of small lamellicornes on William buttons (No.) Sept. 6. Took an egg from nest of Ptilotis sonorus in a mistletoe. Sept. 7. Microeca fascinans. one egg, in S. Parklands. Sept. 8. Was shown a very small Acanthiza’s nest, less than a cricket- ball & no upper nest. Microeca (3) in Police paddock. Sept. 11.To Newgate before breakfast – Sittella’s nest nil, Acanthiza with 3 spotted eggs. In Roger’s paddock took 2 eggs from an Acanthiza’s nest high up in a tea-tree – same sort of nest as that of

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Page 74. the 8th., eggs long, dirty white with a dark ring at the thick end. The bird put its claws into them in escaping. Query. What species of Acanthiza ? butcher-bird with one egg. Scared an Aegotheles from its nest – one egg down a hole in a shea-oak; close by a Parrot (Psephotus multicolor) flew from 5 hard set eggs resting in wood dust down a hole. Numbers of trapdoor spiders’ nests. Sept. 15. Got from young Wallace an egg like a thrush’s, with darker smaller & more numerous spots, & better defined. He described the nest as made within a this year’s thrush’s & line with dried caterpillars. Query. What bird? Possibly Oreoica gutturalis, the bird known among the boys as the “Reap the wheat with a wheat-hook’, in allusion to its note which is in harmony with these words, the ‘hook’ being strongly brought out in a different note. Sept. 16. Newgate again early – started 2 Kangaroos which went off towards Yorketown road. Sittella’s nest a failure–found several Acanthiza’s nests, magpies’, & a greenie’s (Philotis sonorus) with one egg. Kestrel flew by with some bird or mouse in its claws. Oct. 7. Shot at Barnes’s Graucalus melanops, Seizura inquieta, & the Spiny-cheeked honey-eater (Acanthogenys rufogularis ).

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Page 76. Diamond Finch’s nest (2), Kangaroo-bird’s (3). Oct. 8. Rode by mail to Warooka with Mr. Ashby who came to Edithburgh two days ago. Mr. Young met us at Warooka & borrowing a couple of overcoats from Lawson, we drove out against a bitterly cold wind, bumping & jolting over stones & roots & dragging through sand, till we reached Sandy Pt. near midnight. We were soon seated before a blazing fire in the large log kitchen, but so cold were we that its heat was ineffectual till after we had been warmed internally by hot coffee. We examined our home for the next week critically–it was built of shea-oak logs placed on end & interdaubed with mud from a lagoon close by, on the edge of which grew the long grass with which the roof was thatched. The centre & largest room was the kitchen & at either end was a bedroom, but our beds were made up on two sofas placed side by side & for companions we had two Kangaroos some 3 feet high which sat among the dead embers in the fireplace as the night advanced. Oct. 9. Had a walk towards the farms before breakfast along the edge of a tea-tree swamp – wattle-birds plentiful, saw Petroica Goodenovii. After breakfast off to Sandy Pt. with

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Page 78. W. & A. Young with rifles. An iguana took to earth near the swamp, which had very little water on it surrounded by spurwing plover & dotterels; raised a few wallaby & bronzewings in the desolate tea-tree on the other side & then came on to the sandhills where I caught a couple of skippers and a lamellicorn (No.). Oreoica gutturalis in a shea-oak near the beach, where we roused a dozen ducks of some kind. Four pelicans on a shoal. Followed shore round, flat & sandy with little beach, & picked up round the pt. Cardium tenuicostalum & a broken valve of pulchellum, Chione gallinula perfect, Venerupis,\Tapes fabagella/, Pectunculus rabians,\obliquus/, Semele exigua (a beautiful little white shell with a reflexed margin), & Zizyphinus chlorostomus. Found a dead Calosoma Schayeri on the beach—the first I have seen on the peninsula. Nothing remarkable but the swarms of mosquitoes was seen on the way home, whither we wended our way after an enjoyable bathe. After an afternoon dinner we went for a walk in the shea-oak scrub & were shown a black magpie’s nest – it was roughly made of shea-oak twigs & neatly lined with grass & contained one reddish egg. Young’s youngest boy. G. roused a Graucalus melanops from a young tea-tree & on looking I found a nest with 3 magnificent dark green eggs mottled

Page 79. Opposite page 80 Reference date Glyciphila fulvifrons. Oct. 11.

Page 80. with a darker colour! The Edithburgh boys have hunted for these eggs for years in vain, altho’ the bird is not uncommon. The nest was a curiosity, almost flat, made of small twigs & suspended in the fork of a branch – very small for the size of the bird. Oct. 11. A ramble of a couple of miles before breakfast – shot a thickhead (which was spoiled in the skinning)& saw several Kangaroos which broke for the mallee. Then set out for a place called Wild dog Hill – following a wheel track through the mallee for several miles & rising by terraces to some elevation above the sea which sparkled & shone in the bright sunlight. While chasing a wallaby I shot a spotted Pardalot (Pardalotus xanthopygius) uttering a peculiar note in a tall mallee, while A. caught several Ogyris otanes in the usual windy places, & a species of Agarista. A species of honey eater repeatedly led me fruitless chases but I secured a specimen at last – its distinguishing mark was a yellow forehead. We struck the telegraph line near a line belt of she oaks extending N. & S. for several miles, so un- shackling the net we stole stealthily along as this is a favourite haunt of the noble Kangaroo. A silver-eye flew from a bush – nest with 3 young – then on entering

Page 81. Opposite page 82 Reference date Cuculus insperatus, the Brush Cuckoo. Oct. 11.

Page 82. an open space I saw A. Kneel & fire, the bullet whizzing close in front of my face – I sprang out & 5 Kangaroos made for the scrub – in the excitement A. had sighted for 200 instead of 90 yards! We saw several others but they gave no chance. Roused stone plover & in a thicket A. startled a \male/ thickhead (Pachycephala gutturalis) & following it I got within 8 or

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9 yards but retreated to 15 before I shot – even then its tail was badly cut up, but it was a beautiful specimen, the jet black of the head setting off the white collar & gorgeous yellow breast & belly. Took 2 wattle-bird’s eggs from a cup- shaped twig-built nest in a shea-oak, & then made for home through the mallee, seeing several wallaby. The boys had a graucalus, a bluish backed cuckoo with a reddish breast, & 4 kestrel’s eggs for us. Went after wallaby towards sunset, roused several bronze-wings (Peristera elegans), but got nothing. Oct. 12. Wet in the early morning, but it cleared & we again made for the Wild Dog Hill but did not see a single kangaroo. Coming home through the scrub I shot a wallaby & cooeyed to A.; the answer was a shot, & A. coming towards me said he was taking aim at a Kangaroo watching me when I cooeyed & startled the animal. It was unlucky

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Page 84. but was unavoidable so we resumed. Another wallaby appeared for a moment on the other side of an open place & A. taking aim, put a bullet clean through its back as it emerged from behind a bush. After dinner we went into the swamp for wallaby & separated. Soon I heard a shot, the screeching of a black magpie, another shot & then a most hideous mixture of yelping & howling. A. had shot Young’s dog in the legs as it rushed through the long thatching grass, not seeing the animal & taking it for a wallaby. The boys had foolishly come after us with their rifles & dog, neither of us knowing of the others’ proximity. The dog was carried home, & soon after I shot another wallaby. G. shot 3 Pardalotus xanthopygius ♀ &♂ & 1 striatus. Oct. 13. Wallaby stew for breakfast – stunning! About 10 left Young’s in a spring dray drawn tandem by 2 horses so as to avoid the branches over the track to the Stone Hut. Near C.York got off & began stalking pelicans but they had vanished. I bo dropped a re pied oystercatcher (Haema- topus longirostris) but it fell among some bushes & was lost. Then bagged a New Holland Honey-eater, a flock of which were screeching among the sandhills. It is strange that these birds have are not found at Edithburgh for the

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Page 86. sandhills are exactly similar. We reached the hut between 3 & 4 in the afternoon. The paddock contained splendid feed so the horses were hobbled & turned out. The hut had been occupied by shepherds a day or two before but it was tolerably clean & we took up our quarters in it. Immediately on arriving I shot an Oreoica gutturalis, a new bird to A. After putting the billy on to boil, A. with the rifle & I with the shotgun went hunting & roused numbers of wallaby in a swamp but the tea-tree was too close for shooting. Crossing desolate shea- oak flats we got into the mallee where A. roused 3 Kangaroo wh. offered no chance. One rose up before me but I refrained from shooting as A. had the rifle – ergo it escaped us A. could not see it. Emu droppings quite fresh appeared on a small rise & soon I heard a tremendous trampling, a shot, & the A.’s voice excitedly shouting ‘An emu! an emu!’ I ran up but only obtained a sight of the bird’s head peering over a mallee bush prior to decamping. A. had been watching a mob of some 20 wallaby when suddenly an object appeared behind a bush which he mistook for an old blackfellow clothed in wallaby rug.

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He was afraid to fire altho’ uncertain of its identity till the supposed blackfellow came forth at a trot & astonished A. so much that he could not

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Page 88. take aim & hurriedly fired a random shot in its direction. We saw nothing more du & during tea A. uttered unconsciously every now & then the single ejaculation ‘What a beast!’ never \before/ having seen the stately emu in its native wilds. Our sleeping arrangements were somewhat novel. The hut was built of logs & mud & the thatched roof was not imper- vious to the light of day. Benches surrounded the hut on three sides – sheep hurdles on legs, but as these were bare & we had neither mattresses nor dry rushes, sleep on them was impossible. Young tried it, but it was a failure; he found out he had ribs. A. & I laid a tarpaulin on the floor so that one part served as a somewhat lean mattress & the other as a coverlet. Wrapped in a blanket each we got between these & with the Drayseat covered with chaffbags for a pillow, got as much sleep as the hard & lumpy floor & herds of fleas rendered possible. Just before retiring caught a night-lizard. (Gymnodactylus Meliusii), but we saw no snakes altho’ the hut was \has/ an unenviable reputation therefor. Oct. 14. Pulex irritans in quantity made us rise early & skin our birds. After breakfast on salt mutton & scones, harnessed & made for C. Spencer. On capping a rise near Bublacowie Well a splendid emu appeared but\&/ made for the sandhills. A. a-

Page 89. Opposite page 90 Reference date Oct.14. Euphema petrophila.

Page 90. lighted & gave chase, but as nothing was to be seen of it, I shot 3 of the orange bellied parakeets which I got on March 28. They had been feeding on small seeds & a sweet sticky clear fluid flowed from their mouths tho’ I could see no plants around which might be supposed to have furnished—possibly mallee blossom somewhere about. Resuming we startled a few bronzewings & on nearing the Emu Waterhole, an emu broke from the sandhills for the mallee at a terrific pace—yet A. blazed twice at it. Unharnessed the horses & I paid a visit to the mound of shells where I found Meroe Aliciae & Donax cardioides l in March, but the shells seemed as tho’ they had been put thro’ a mill, olivas, volutes, cowries, tritons, all smashed to pieces by the breakers which even then were thundering on the beach. Having filled our pockets with ammunition & tucker A. & I set out on foot for C. Spencer, 5 or 6 miles distant. The mallee bushes on the Emu hill were thronged by honey- eaters of various kinds, bees & Thynnidae but no beetles. On topping the hill the splendid view of the Althorpes & Cable Bay broke out before us, to me as an old friend, to A. as a new experience. In a clump of mallee on the flat below A. found a neat little nest made of grass & lined with thistle

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Page 92. seed in a low bush. It contained one egg, white with a few dark spots on the large end, which we took after waiting some time to get a sight of the bird. A. said it was a brown

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honey- eater with a black line over the eyes. Half a mile further on, three emu’s heads appeared over a rise, but they had sighted us & we saw no more of them. Immediately after an osprey flew by & I fired, but in my hurry banged at its breast & tho’ evidently hit, the bird escaped. Not so a sooty redbill (Haematopus fuliginosus) which I bowled over into the water near our dry well & buried in the sand till we returned. Our old camp was easily recognisable by the jam & sardine tins scattered around, even had the terminus of the telegraph line not been there. A magnificent white sea eagle () was soaring over the bay as we turned up the long gully towards the cape, near which I took a long & unsuccessful shot at a Wedge-tailed eagle. Arrived at the cape we took a long rest admiring the splendid panorama of ocean blue ocean at our feet broken by the huge sw billows dashing in vain at the granitic headlands which guarded the southern end of Yorke’s Peninsula. On our return I shot 2 more parakeets; while hunting at the end of the cable for penguins, seeing one & getting none,

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Page 94. I found a large nautilus imbedded in the sand—unfortunately it was broken at the apex, but still was a fine specimen. After disinterring the redbill I shot a black snake 4 ft. 1in. long, & in the bay opposite Tam O’Shanter I., bagged a large tern (Sylochelidon strenuus), & a mature & immature Hooded Dotterel (Hiaticula monacha). Also found Calosoma Schayeri dead among the weed. After a weary pull over Emu Hill I reached the dray & found A. had arrived before me—he had a fine chance at a couple of Kangaroo but the cartridge missed fired twice & before he could load again, they were off. Saw nothing on the way home but a single Kangaroo, & after tea we made up our beds & again sought repose on the hard floor. Oct. 15. On looking outside after getting up saw 2 striated pardalots go into holes in the wall of the store hut. An old ladder was lying around & by means of it I got up to the roof & after pulling a little thatch & mortar away, laid open an arched over nest made of thin strips of swamp tea-tree bark from which issued a threatening & angry hissing. Putting my hand in I drew out the pardalot but having grasped its stumpy little tail, the two parted & the bird escaped. The nest contained 3 naked young one & while I was looking at them, the cock & the tailless hen bird fluttered around in a state of the greatest agitation & seemed greatly relieved when I returned them to the nest & closed it up. suddenly two other pardalots in splendid plumage settled close by & hurriedly getting the gun I loaded with dust & brought both down. I then worked into the other nest & to my great joy found 2 white eggs– very large for the size of the bird. The morning we spent in skinning—& about noon set out thro’ the scrub for the moving sandhill where Young would, after packing up, drive with the dray. Three Kangaroos oforded a mark for one of A.’s wonderful shots, & then cock, hen & young Melanodryas cucculata fell to me—the young bird is prettily marked & was so unlike the adults that we mistook it at first sight for some other species. An emu came & went, & we walked for some few hundred yards within shot & sight of a mob of 8 or 9 motionless Kangaroos which we mistook for bushes till it was too late. On an extremely stony rise A. blew the head off a brown snake spotted with black, length 5 ½ ft; then had another running shot at 3 Kangaroos with the shotgun, & caught a young stone plover squatting under a bush which stared stupidly at us with its meaningless eye till we gave

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Page 97. Opposite page 98 Reference date Oct. 15. Peristera chalcoptera—Gould says it is a much commoner species than P. elegans, but the reverse is so much the case on the peninsula that the Youngs had only seen one specimen of the former species before, that Ashby shot, in 5 years; while P. elegans is abundant.

Page 98. it its liberty. A bronzewing suddenly flew from a stunted shea-oak, & while A. bowled her over, I clambered up & found 2 white eggs perilously near the edge of a slovenly pile of 2 or 3 dozen she oak leaves. Both eggs had a peculiar sharp point on one end—in one egg the point was on the small, in the other on the thick end. Query. Is this a sexual difference? The bird too was not the common bronzewing, it was nearly twice the size, the yellowish white on the forehead more marked, rich brown on the breast replaced by a slaty colour, back variegate, & the indescribable hue on the wings from which the birds derive their common appellation was arranged in some half dozen bars instead of in a single patch. Young was waiting at the sandhill; we were soon moving homewards & arrived about sunset without incident, except a few shots at Kangaroos & eagles, shooting a cuckoo, & seeing another emu. G. had another reddish breasted cuckoo for us, & 2 wattle- birds eggs. Oct. 16. Skinning till noon; then went for a fruitless ramble. G. came in with 3 fresh Kestrel’s eggs. In the afternoon went out to a place called O’Brien’s Lagoon, a salt swamp behind the sandhills surrounded by tea-tree. On the way a white-necked Page 99. Blank

Page 100. swallow (Atticora ) passed & I saw another hawking over the water. Spurwing plover kept up a continual cry overhead but gave no chance of a shot, but A. dropped a mountain drake (Casarca tadornoides) at long range. The water was very salt & full of strange shrimplike creatures swimming in couples, the lower one carrying 2 dark objects like eyes but which seemed to be clusters of ova. The only other apparent inhabitant of the water was another mystery—creatures wh. swam merrily in any direction with no visible organ of lo- comotion & which on being alarmed closed two valves & rose like a cork to the surface. Possible Entomostraca. The tea-tree was in flower & I reaped a fair harvest of insects—several Stigmoderae, Cleridae & 2 species of Longi- corns (one mimicking an ant) which I had only \before/ caught in Tasmania only. After a refreshing bathe, made for home & got bushed in the tea-tree swamp, having to force our way some hundred yards thro’ a trackless thicket higher than our heads, & then to walk quarter of a mile out of our course in order to find a tr hole in an impenetrable wall of tea-tree. It was quite dark before we got out & when we reached our quarters we found a search party was on the point of going to our succour.

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Page 102. Oct. 17. Not having obtained a black magpie (Strepera arguta) as yet altho ’ they were very numerous, I went out after breakfast & returned with a fine specimen which I skinned in the afternoon. Hearing from G. of a bird’s nest in the mallee the description of which tallied exactly with the nest A. found near Cape Spencer, I took the gun & G. a rifle & we sallied

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forth. A reddish breasted cuckoo’s note was heard, 8 or 9 notes similar notes rapidly descending, & following it up, I shot the bird. In the mallee, a spotted Pardalot (Pardalotus xanthopygius) was obtained. The nest we were in search of contained 2 hardset eggs & was identical with the one at C. Spencer, but the spots on the eggs were paler, almost obliterated. The birds were very shy & altho’ we lay in wait over an hour I only had one shot which was unsuccessful, the charge being of dust & only scattering a few feathers. We saw a wallaby or two coming home, & A. caught a fine moth like the English fox-moth (No.). G. had a wallaby which he had not caught till he had put 3 bullets into it. At night packed up everything, including 12 Kestrel’s eggs, 1 black magpie’s, 2 Oreoica’s, 2 spiny-cheeked honey-eater’s 1 silver-eye’s, & 5 crow’s which had been got by G. for us before we came, & blown in the ends.

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Page 104. Oct. 18. Were away by moonlight & reached Warooka in time to catch the mail for Edithburgh, where we arrived with everything safe. Oct. 20. R Morcom, a friend of Pulleine’s, who is going to stay at the lighthouse, brought a letter of introduction, & specimens of Psammobia zonalis & Helix Kooringensis. The latter is a most remarkable form, the last whorl being extremely flattened & sharply keeled. It was discovered 30 years ago by Waterhouse at the Burra, & the type specimen in the British Museum remained unique till this year when the shell was turned up abundantly near the Teetulpa Goldfields, which are at present the topic of all topics. Went down to Salt Creek in the afternoon with A. & Morcom. Shot at plover, curlew & terns (Sylochelidon strenuus) but the furious wind baffled us. On the way home shot a Pacific Gull, & 13 specimens of the Little Sandpiper (Schoeniclus albescens) in one \two/ shots. Large flocks of the latter. A. departed next day well satisfied with his visit to the peninsula which has also been a source of great pleasure to me. Oct. 24. It was within a day or two of this that G. Gottschalck found a nest of Ptilotis sonorus tenanted by 2 hens, & containing 5 eggs, 3 of the usual salmon pink & 2 pure white. I se-

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Page 106. cured one of each. Two is the usual complement of eggs, sometimes 3. Xenico Klugii abundant. Oct. 30. Down at Griffin’s paddock behind Salt Creek—nest of Seizura inquieta with 3 eggs. Shot both birds & could find no external differences between the sexes. The nest was made after the style of the wagtail flycatcher’s; of horsehair & thin strips of bark neatly woven together, lined with feathers & place in a fork of tea-tree being bound down to the branch by the same material as that of which it was built, & ornamented without by the \silky/envelopes of spiders eggs. Found a diamond finch’s nest just finished & adorned with Wm. buttons & Heli- chrysums. Shot Petroica Goodenovii, & then f found a nest of Ptilotis sonorus with an egg & a freshly hatched youngster while stalking stone plover. Wood-swallow’s nest in a shallow hole in a

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dead tree with 3 hardset eggs, a Sittella’s nest just built in a tea-tree & 2 more Scissors- grinders in a state of great agitation. Wagtail’s nest with 3 young. Oct. 31 Scores of beautiful pink transparent bell-shaped jelly-| fish with 4 re\con/tractible threadlike tentacles at the 4 angles of their body, swimming about the end of Gottschalck’s jetty at low tide. Brought some home & kept them in a basin to watch their graceful movements. They swim by forcing the

Page 107. Opposite page 108 Reference date Merely a worn & coloured valve of the common Barbatia radula. Oct. 31.

Page 108. water out of their bell-shaped bodies by contracting the walls. Their tentacles produce a pain as of needles entering the flesh when they touch a tender part, & tho’ they leave no effect on me, on some persons here they have raised red & watery blister causing a good deal of pain. In consequence of them Whitton’s Cove is deserted by bathers & the bathing house is once more resorted to , as it is too much exposed for the jellyfish. At Hungry Pt. in the afternoon, 2 L. found 2 nests of Hiaticula ruficapilla, mere hollows in the sand containing 2 dark spotted eggs each— also a valve of an Arca new to me. Nov. 3. Calosoma Schayeri & Chlaenius australis taken on the ground—first appearance \capture/ in Edithburgh. Nov. 7. Walked to Barnes’s—took 4 Ogyris amaryllis as it was very windy & their flight thus interfered with, & a number of Longicorns, Hebesecis? Fd. Woodswallow’s nest (2eggs). Nov. 11. Chased a Pieris from the cliffs to the back of the township. Heard a youngster had a similar one & obtained it—white with black edges filled with white spots above, & below marked much after the British black-veined white with 6 faint yellow spots on edge of hindwing. Pieris Teutonia, Boise. Golden chrysalis found in garden hatched—Vanessa itea.

Page 109. Opposite page 110 Reference date Chaetodon ocellipennis—a very rare fish. v.p. 176. Nov. 14.

Page 110. Nov. 13. Walked down to the Sittella’s nest which I found on Oct. 30 & found 2 birds sitting on it, looking in opposite directions. The nest contained 7 eggs! of which I took 5—this was an act of humanity as the nest could not possibly have held 7 young ones, even the eggs were lying partially above one another. The two birds were again sitting before I left—this time side by side. Found a nest of the Singing Honey-eater with 1 fresh egg & caught 3 Ogyris amaryllis, one a male. Boys got 6 Little Tern’s & 4 dotterels eggs at the Pt. Nov.14. Very low tide, rocks near the cemetery very bare. Found purple urchins (Strongylocentrotus eurythrogramma) & short-spined (Holopneustes) alive; also anemone corals in numbers, Haliotis with strong circular ridges, Cassis, 4 Lyria mitraeformis(one alive & 2 with hermit crabs) & 6 more Scintillas, some the true Scintilla lunata & others of the species wanting umbones. having denticulated margins & rays. Noticed that both these species prefer resting on the black mud formed \ing/ by the tunnels of a red & white shrimplike crustacean. Also got a peculiar hermit-crab inside a stone—same species as that got on June 21.

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Chitonellus Gunnii & Parmophorus unguis. Tried to catch a beautiful Chaetodon-like fish with striped sides & an eye-like spot near the dorsal fin.

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Page 112. Nov. 15. Exceedingly hot day. Diodoxus scalaris, a beautiful Buprestis, caught on the jetty, & Heteronympha Merope in the garden. Took 5 Pieris Teutonia near the cliffs—slow fliers & easily approached, 3 ♀ & 2 ♂. Nyclamera annulata at night. Three lark’s nests on the way to Vorweck’s with 3, 3, & 4 eggs. Nov. 16. Two fine weevils (No. 1193, 1194) under stones, & a couple of Calosoma Curtis Schayeri. Nov. 18. Beautiful green grasshoppers in the garden (No. 422,423). Nov. 20. Helaeus princeps, a jet black tortoise beetle, under a stone. Nov. 27. Up at Glungeal near Mt. Lofty insect hunting with Mr. Magarey. On Leptospermum blossom took Stigmodera vegeta, 8 maculata, 8 spilota &, Pempsomacra bimaculata a small grey Longicorn, & several elongated brick-red weevils. Agarista Latinus & Ephyra \Lewini / about grass tree. Nov. 28. Hundreds of honey-eating Parrots (Trichoglossus porphyriocephalus) feeding on the honey of the gumtrees, screeching & tumbling about the leaves & branches like monkeys. They took no notice of stones or shouts, except to move to another branch. Found a nest of Petroica , in the fork of a young gum—young ones. Pieris Teutonia on the long hill. Nov. 29. Drove down to the Onkaparinga on Mr. Magarey’s sections near a mile or so off the Echunga road & 4 miles down from Aldgate.

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Page 114. Stopped to examine a thicket of Leptospermum near an old shed, & found on it Stigmodera sanguinea, & Lamprima micardi in numbers, also a battered specimen of Antheroea eucalypti. Chrysolophus spectabilis in numbers on wattles. Driving on to the sections, we unharnessed the horses & wended our way down to the river which was low. The tall gums were full of Trichoglossus porphyrocephalus, & the bushes by the water contained numerous Blue Wrens (Malurus cyaneus) of which I shot one. A magnificent Rosella (Platycerus Adelaidae) next fell to my gun, but was badly damaged by the shot. Tree-creepers, King-fishers, finches & honey-eaters were abundant, but I refrained from shooting any. Had a bathe in a reach of the river & while swimming on my back, discovered a nest of the Red-eyebrowed Finch (Estrelda temporalis) with hard-set white eggs. Both eggs & nest much resembled those of Amadina Lathami. a black cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus ) flew overhead out of range. Nothing occurred on the drive home. Nov. 30. Went down to Woodville with Mr. Ashby after noon & walked down to the Grange. In a paddock a little off the line we encountered a flock of Orange-bellied Parrots (Euphema aurantia) & A. shot several. We Our trip was for

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Page 116. the purpose of finding out whether this species was different from that we obtained during our trip to C. Spencer in October. It most decidedly was—the greens on the back & breast were are different in shade, & the belly is mu bright orange in this Grange species & duller in the Cape Spencer one; but the decisive point is that the Cape kind has the blue of the forehead continued into a ring round the eye; this feature is absent in Euphema aurantia, the species we obtained to-day. The other species is the Rock Parroquet (Euphema petrophila). Entered a fir\pine/wood among the sandhills, shot more par- roquets, & a White-cheeked honey-eater (Ptilotis pencillatus). Exceedingly hot, birds kept quiet & we got nothing else altho’ Blue wrens were abundant near a creek. Dec.1. Up to the hills by the first train with Mr. Ashby, & met Mr. Alex. & Tom Magarey & a Verco at Aldgate with vehi- cles. Drove on to the Onkaparinga & just before turning off the road, went after a couple of black cockatoos but they were too wary—started a small wallaby. Unharnessed & while the others went prospecting for gold, A. & I took our guns & so went for a couple of white cockatoos—but our usual luck followed us. Rambled once or twice up & down the river, & had a bathe. Caught several red& black Cicadas, & shot two

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Page 118. species of Climacteris, a common Kingfisher & a specimen of Estrelda temporalis. A. found a nest of this latter with 6 fresh eggs, & shot a couple of yearling rosellas without the gorgeous red plumage. Black headed honey-eaters ( ) were abundant & I found a nest in a sapling gum with young. On returning to the trap we fired off our barrels & immediately after a black cockatoo slowly sailed over-head within easy range. A. reloaded & fired, but was too late. Made a dishful of tea after several attempts, & then broke for home after a most enjoyable day’s outing. Result of prospecting, 2grs. Dec. 5. At Glungeal again. Trichoglossus concinnus settled in a gumtree for a moment or two. Dec. 6. Mr. Magarey caught just at sunset at Glungeal, an Agarista-like form moth coloured black & yellow, which hovered over the ground among bushes making a clicking sound like a cicada. On each forewing was a membranous lunule, wrinkled, devoid of scales, & having a chitinous knob in front of it—this probably is the sound-producing apparatus. Mr. Magarey kindly gave me the insect—No.29 \33/.Lepidoptera. Dec. 7. Took the 9 o’clock tram from North Terrace with Mr. Ashby for Paradise. When there we cut through a few fields & then made down to the Torrens, here a beautiful clear babbling

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Page 120. brook flowing through well-irrigated market-gardens, reed- brakes & fennel thickets. A perfect cloud of the huge Cicada moerens flew from the trees as we approached the river, & I, who had never had the opportunity of getting them before, bottled a great number both ♂ & ♀ . The day was somewhat dull & this accounted for the ease with which we caught them. Reed-warblers (Acrocephalus australis) haunted the sedges & sang\in/ a really artistic way for an Australian bird. As the sun dissipated the clouds, red & blue dragon-flies began to flash up over the sparkling water & I caught a couple of Danais Chrysippus, an introduced

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butterfly. It came very hot & our energies failed, but by frequent rests under willows & bathing our heads in the creek we made headway, having in some places to force our way through thickets of thistles, fennel & wild vines. Falcunculus cristatus, a pretty green & yellow bird with a black & white head & strong hooked beak fell before A.’s gun & I had the luck to find a reed-warbler’s nest with a young one & 2 addled eggs, suspended to three reeds. The nest was roughly made of river rubbish. Small Linnea Linnaei were abundant on the stones in the creek & I got a specimen of Corbicula Angasi , a \bivalve/ shell liked an English Cyclas. An azure kingfisher (Alcyone azurea)

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Page 122. shot past like an arrow down stream & A. following it, this detained us a little, but after many fruitless enquiries at the gardens for fruit, we struck a road & were soon in the Gorge, a valley about 150 yards across, winding & hemmed in by shea-oak covered hills with precipitous sides a few hundred feet high. The Torrens ran down one side & the road along the other, & following both we soon arrived at the dam, where the over- flow fell over a 20 foot wall into a deep pool. Here we un- stripped & bathed, & afterwards proceeded along the dam wh. was a fine sheet of water completely filling the gully. Roused some waterfowl, possible Tribonyx, & returned by the way we came following roads for several miles till we landed at Mr. Robson’s where we had tea. Young Robson gave us fresh eggs of Ptilotis penicillatus. Tram home. Dec. 10. Found in a few insects which Mr. Ashby had collected the butterfly which Guest called Lasiommata ocrea but which had long before been named Xenico achanta. He very kindly gave me a good specimen, which was caught somewhere at the foot of the hills. Dec. 12. Along the beach at Glenelg—found valves of Chione laeviguta ( otherwise Marcia faba) & Tellina donacioides, common enough there, but absent at Edithburgh.

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Page 124. Dec. 14. Another trip to the Gorge with Mr. Ashby, Mr. Magarey & young Robson. We followed the same tracks as on the 7th. & saw little fresh. It was terribly hot & we were soon completely knocked up. We managed to catch a few specimens of Synemon on the side of a hill, but this was a last despairing effort—afterwards even Danais Chrysippus had not sufficient attraction to tempt us from the shade of the willows, where we sat half undressed bathing our hands feet & hands in the clear cool water, but not drinking any as the stream is lined by market-gardeners’ houses whose engines & windmills were at work pumping the precious fluid over their gardens. No fruit was to be obtained so by gentle stages & frequent rests, we managed to get to the road, & had tea made in a wayside cottage, where we drank 5 cups each, I believe, & tackled a little honey in the comb with our bread. This refreshed us sufficiently to make the dam where we bathed under the fall, which came down on our bare backs like lead, & drank from the reservoir to our hearts’ content. A. lay in wait for the waterfowl & wounded one, but it escaped into the reeds. walked down to the tram, with empty hands, resolving never to attempt an expedition on such a day again. Next day’s papers gave the heat at 102o in the shade & 1o in the sun.

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Page 126. Dec. 16. At Edithburgh again. Heard that on Sunday last, Dec. , there was an exceptionally low tide, & that A. Wallace had got 2 fine Voluta fulgetrum near the bathing house—Mrs. Gower got a better than either from the blacks— they got it on Salt Cr. Spit. Everett had brought a remarkable shark for me a day or two before I returned. He It had ejected 8 or 9 young ones about 6 inches long from its mouth before it died, & one of these Mr. Gottschalck gave me. It was a true shark, but its snout was prolonged into a broad flat & flexible beak, at the end, & armed at the edges by loose spines pointing backwards—halfway a couple of long sinewy filaments branched from the edge. The total length was in., the beak long & broad, & the filaments each long. The adult had its beak broken short off, & was about a yard long minus the beak. Was it a Saw-fish? Mallodox tardum ♂ from L. Gottschalck. Dec. 17. Coming back from attending to the boat at the dry dock met the blacks coming in with their boat—they had speared a Mullaway ( ) a splendid fish so large that when they strung a stick through its gills & carried it on their shoulders, its tail touched the ground. Suddenly we saw a large shark aground at the edge of the rocks (it being low tide) & calling to the blacks, they brought along a 3-pronged

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Page 128. harpoon & a ¾ inch rope. By this time the fish had floundered off & to our surprise we saw 2 others slightly smaller swimming up & down in with it in front of a ledge of rocks. They were in water not 4 ft. deep & their dorsal & caudal fins projected far out as they undulated their lanky bodies along not 6 yards from us. Jack, an old grey-bearded nigger, remarked that there must be something dead near at hand, then hitched the rope on to the harpoon & walked to the edge of the rocks above his knees in water. The large shark, fully 12 ft. long, at once made for him, the other blacks raised a cry of alarm but Jack simply splashed the water with his foot & off he went; for a shark is a very cowardly creature. Jack allowed both him & the others to pass several times, he himself standing with his head & uplifted arm thrown well back; suddenly as the monster again swam by he threw himself forward & plunged the harpoon deep into the creature’s neck. For an instant all was still, another black grasped the rope, & then recovering from the shock the shark plunged away churning the water into foam, the rope tightened & snapped, & back staggered the niggers, while now in deep water nothing could be seen of the shark but \a couple of feet of/ the harpoon cutting thro’ the water at an alarming pace, till

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Page 130. suddenly up\he/ sprang the shark 5 ft. into the air with the harpoon still in his neck & 12 ft. of rope hanging to it,—down he came with a fearful splash & disappeared for a minute or so when up he came again a full half mile further on, & this continued till he was out of sight. The black looked rather glum about his harpoon, but said the shark would be found dead somewhere, probably on Salt Creek beach. As for the other two sharks they probably followed their mate, for we saw no more of them.

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Got 2 fine Cypraea thersites from the blacks for 10d.. Dec. 20. A youngster brought me a fine black & white moth inches cross the wings. W. Born caught me a splendid yellow buprestis on the road from Curramulka—its head & the edges of its ventral segments were steel blue. Dec. 21. Walked to Wattle Pt. & got a specimen of Purpura textiliosa with extremely produced ribs— also Cithara bella & Mitra Lincolniensis. Hiaticula monacha, the hooded dottrel, round the point, & a few Little Tern’s eggs just above highwater mark. Dec. 22. Carew found a fine Voluta fulgetrum in a pool among the the bathing house rocks. The foot of the animal was strawberry colour. Dec. 24. Hunting on the rocks near the Quarry & found Cypraea bicolor alive & another specimen of Gryllopagurus lithodomus, the sym-

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Page 132. metrical stone-burrowing hermit-crab which I discovered here & which was named by Zietz. In the afternoon went to the lighthouse—shot Euphema aurantia, plenty of which were to be seen, & several Bass Strs. Terns (Thalasseus poliocercus ) wh. were in large flocks. also found 4 eggs of the latter laid on the seaweed just above watermark. Mr. McGridge confirmed my opinion that the black-billed terns were simply yearlings of Sternula Nereis. Ran home before a good breeze. Jan\Dec/25 With Mr. & Mrs. Saunders hunting for shells past the cemetery. Eight Scintillaea, 4 of wh. were Sc. lunata & 4 the other species under a stone in company with the usual crustacean. A species of Acanthochites abundant on loose stones in shallow water. Sent a specimen of each Scintilla with the crustacean in spirits to Prof. Tate. Jan\Dec/26 Two cowries (Cypraea thersites) at the jetty, one on a pile & the other on the bottom. Donned an old pair of pants & dived, got the one on the piles, but could not see the other when at the bottom. Jan\Dec/27.To Hungry Pt. with Mr. Saunders—got Malleus vulsellatus, & on the way home got very wet in wading out into the shallows where we found plenty of Pinna inermis & a live Bulla hydatis.

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Page 134. Dec. 28. Drove to Troubridge Hill stopping on the way at the \at the beach/ near gold- smith’s, where we found Euphema aurantia very plentiful. The tide was very low & the rocks covered with periwinkles. Trochocochlea & Nerita. In a rock pool found an enormous \shelly/ operculum,in. long & brought broad, probably of Turbo lamellosus, of which I found a large specimen broken at the mouth but much fresher than the cliff ones from Cape Spencer. Numerous species of sponges washed up. Drove on to the Hill & then visited the penguins which were moulting. Killed one which was in good plumage, & pitched the other into the surf, where they dived till in the open sea. Dec. 29. On the rocks near Sultan House—number of Lepidopleurus longicymbus & Purpura. Dec. 31. Rowed out to Sultana Spit where we waded about & got plenty of Pecten bifrons & Pectunculus radians alive—also a couple of Murex triformis & a Lyria with hermit-crab.

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Page 135.

Vernacular Name Scientific name Leatherjacket Monocanthus sp. Whiting Isosillago maculata Silver Whiting Sillago Bassensis Schnapper Pagrus Toadfish Tetrodon Red Mullet Flathead Weedfish Odax Pipefish Sygnathus Mullaway Mullet Fiddler Longsnouted fiddler Dogshark Snook Stingray Butterfish Cobbler or Soldier fish Tigershark Tommy rough Striped Bream

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Vernacular Name Scientific name. Eagle hawk or eagle Aquila audax Brown Hawk Hieracidea occidentalis Kestrel Tinnunculus cenchroides More pork Podargus humeralis Shag Phalacrocorax hypoleucus Musk duck Biziura lobata Black duck Anas superciliosa Mountain duck Casarca tadornoides Spurwing Plover Lobivanellus cristatus Peewit Sarciophorus pectoralis Dottrel Hiaticula ruficapilla Hooded Dottrel "monacha Pied Redbill or Oystercatcher Haematopus longirostris Sooty " " " " " fuliginosus Little Tern Sternula Nereis Gannet Sula australis

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Greenshank Glottis glottoides Curlew Numenius australis Heron or Crane Ardea Novae Hollandiae Stone Plover Oedicnemus grallarius Penguin Spheniscus minor

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Vernacular Name Scientific Name Kingfisher Alcedo sanctus Except p.97.98. Bronzewing Pigeon Peristera elegans. Wagtail (flycatcher) Rhipidura motacilloides Scissorsgrinder Seizura inquieta Spiny cheeked Honeyeater Acanthogenys rufogularis Greenie Ptilotis sonorus Silver-eye Zosterops Dusky Acanthiza Ac. chrysorrhea White-face Ephthianura albifrons Magpie Gymnorhina leuconata Black Magpie Strepera arguta Kangaroo-bird Pomatorhinus superciliosus Diamond finch Amadina Lathami Thrush Colluricincla harmonica Butcher bird Cracticus destructor Except where Parrot Psephotus multicolor otherwise stated Reap the Wheat Oreoica gutturalis Cuckoo Cuculus inornatus Reddish breasted Cuckoo "insperatus Gray Peter Microeca fascinans Turkey Otis australianus

Page 138.

Vernacular Name. Scientific Name. Blue crab Neptunus pelagicus Stumpy-tail lizard Trachydosaurus rugosus Iguana Pinkie-toe Porpoise Parrotfish Nautilus Argonauta tuberculata

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Page 140.

1887. Jan. 1. Rowed down to Salt Creek Spit, but came away before the tide was fully out. Found several Murex triformis & a good specimen of Corbula tunicata; first time I have got the latter. Had some fun catching fiddlers (Trigonorhina fasciata) & then a hard pull home. Jan. 5. Miss Turner found at Hungry Pt. a left valve of Myodora ovata & kindly gave it to me—new to locality. Jan. 7. Found among the shells I obtained at Sandy Pt. in October a broken valve of Cardium pulchellum & Semele exigua perfect. Jan. 8. L. caught Terias Smilax & D.Chrysippus first appearance in Edithburgh. Drove with Mr. Matthews & some Yorketown boys through Moorowie run & down to Minlacowie Beach on Spencer’s Gulf. The weather was intensely hot & we slept or rather tried to sleep without any rug in the open air on the sandhills. Jan. 9. Rose before daybreak & bathed, picked up a few shell, & after breakfast set regularly to work on the heaps of sea-weed at the foot of the sandhills. The coast \shore/ was low & sandy with flat ledges of rocks near our camp—it ran due north to Minlacowie Jetty & due south past high sandhills to the head of Hardwicke Bay some 5 miles away & then trended west past

Page 141. Blank

Page 142. Pt. Turton to Brutus Hd. on a rocky coast. The shells on shore seemed to have been there some time but I made a grand haul. After dinner we walked several miles to the S. but got nothing but 2 fine specimens of Dosinia grata, altho’ heaps of shells bay about—the sun poured down like liquid fire, not a breath of wind stirred & the air seemed to choke us. So defying blisters we all stripped, & lay & lolled about in the shallow water for over an hour— then a slight change came up & we made tea. Before we departed I filled a chaffbag half full of shells & rubbish & on a patch of thistles caught with my hat more than a score of the great lazy gorgeous Danais Chrypippus, & saw a fine bee like an Anthophora. Subjoined is a list of the shells new to my collection which I obtained both on the beach & after examination of the shell sand. On the drive home we came across a snake about 4 ft. long in the road but it escaped into the a dead tree. We reached Yorketown about 9 P.M. & after partaking of Mr. Mr.’s hospitality, I got down to Edithburgh next day. Monday’s papers gave the heat as 111º in the shade & in the sun—many deaths occurred; birds were seen to fall dead. Oertel had 6 magpies drowned in open tanks, & 2 young wagtails flycatchers in a nest near the office were scorched to death.

Page 143. Blank

Page 144. Shells new to my collection from Minlacowie Beach. 9/1/’87.

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Acera soluta About a Dozen slightly damaged on a heap of weed Triton Bassi One, very water–worn & bleached. Lutraria dissimilis Two perfect, valves numerous without epidermis. Dosinia grata Two fine specimens at high water mark. Dosinia crocea Three or four worn valves. Lima bullata 3 or 4 perfect, valves numerous. Cardium cygnorum 2 worn valves. Barnea similis 1 single valve, had one from Semaphore before. Mesodesma elongata Scores alive—plenty at Glenelg, new for peninsula Mytilus hirsutus Abundant Anatina Angasi 2 valves Anatina creccina 1 perfect, valves numerous. Lepton 1 perfect, & several valves from shellsand. Lucina Tatei 1 perfect from shellsand. \Buccinulus/ Several from shellsand. Alexis meriodionalis corrected in pencil Cryptospira cymbalum 2 from shellsand. Mactra ovalina 1 valve from shellsand.

Page 145. Blank

Page 146. Jan. 12. Very low tide – got Gryllopagurus lithodomus & 4 live Lyria mitraeformis near the cemetery. The hermit was in a large rough flattish stone, cor which completely settles the question whether he drags it about or not. Zietz th , who named it, thought it did. Jan.13. Mallodon tardum washed up by the sea alive. Jan. 16. Found Lucina fabula & L. Tatei in rock pools near the bathing-house—first record for Edithburgh. Beautiful specimens of Turbo undulatus. Jan. 17. Caught a large Elater which flew to the Institute light. Jan. 21. A couple of Nyctamera annulata, a dark moth with yellow spots & a black & yellow banded body, from Hungry Pt. Chlaenius australis under a stone. Elytra of from Jan. 22. Caught an Elater emerging from a cranny in a shea-oak, & 5 Ogyris amaryllis near the Oval. L. got also got some of the butterflies & another Elater. The latter are fairly common now. Stigmodera suturalis alive in a spider-web at \in/ W. Parklands. Jan. 23. Rowed to Hungry Pt.—valves of Cardium cygnorum & Limopsis Bassii. First time I have got C. cygnorum at Edithburgh Trochita calyptraeformis, & good specimens of Haliotis , & H. , & inches long. Everelt caught a ground-

Page 147. Blank

Page 148. shark 9 feet long in his nets—contained 6 fresh mullet. A long narrow faint comet has been seen in the S.W. the last 3 nights, setting between 9 & 10. It was appeared to have no nucleus & but had an extremely long tail. Its appearance

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was quite unexpected, & from the papers we learn that it is visible in all the colonies & at Rio Janeiro. Jan. 25. L. got a damaged specimen of Julodimorpha Bakewelli, the large buprestid caught on the 20 Dec. This was taken last week near Maitland. A mature Antlion caught (No. ). Lima multicostata (single valve) picked up a Hungry Pt. Jan. 26. Obtained a large gray moth which flew on board the ‘Warooka’ in the middle of the Gulf. Took 2 specimens of the same species on Mt. Nelson, Hobart in Jan. 1884. Jan 29. Walked to Hungry Pt. There had been a very high tide & the shells were washed away. Fresh valves of Cardium cygnorum, a beautiful perfect Macoma Mariae, & a damaged shell which I strongly suspect is (Murex octogonus). found also Oliva australis & Mesodesma elongata for first time in this locality; but nearly 2 years ago I saw an Oliva from the lighthouse. For the first time noticed the deep under valve with its triangular hinge are of Spondylus, though I have often seen the shells.

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Page 150. Jan.30. In a rockpool near the quarry found numbers of Lucina Tatei; also valves of Pythina Tasmanica and perfect specimens of Nucula micans, a minute transversely ovate shell with the beautiful row of hinge-teeth very prominent. I never obtained the last 2 species before. Jan. 31. Half an hour on the rocks near the bathing-house yielded a good return—Macrochisma producta, Haliotis inserted in pencil naevosa\rugosa plicata/, Parmaphorus unguis, & Chitonellus Gunni. A dead shell of Scintilla McDougalli stimulated me to renewed search, as I have only found it near the cemetery—I soon found the crustacean which they usually live near, but no Scintillae, were in his company—another stone over rev disclosed a perfect galaxy of the lovely creatures, truly called, Scintillae, as they sparkle in their spotless whiteness on the dark stones just as the stars twinkle & scintillate in the dark blue sky, Sc. McDougalli was were clustered on one side of the burrow & I were the largest I have seen,in diam.; Sc. lunata occupied the other, & close by crouched the crustacean in hiding. I may mention that this latter is a very vicious creature, & one of them nearly made his claws meet through the skin between my finger & thumb; I dropped him, but the claw snapped off & held on for over quarter of an hour & I had to lever

Page 151. Blank

Page 152. it open with a pair of scissors as I did not wish to break it. But my great find was what I take to be a species of Chitonellus which if not new to science is new to our list. It differs very materially from the common species; it is much broader being long & wide, is of a dirty- white colour & hirsute instead of granulose; the segments of the shell are truncated posteriorly & opposite each is a bundle of spines, in this resembling an Acanthochites. Feb.1. On rocks at noon near the bathing-house—good specimen of Elenchus badius & perfect Pythina Deshayesiana. The only other perfect one I ever saw was found near the same place on Decem January 11. 1886 (v. Page 4). Feb.6. Mr. & Mrs. Matthews, 2 Yorketown people & myself started early for Minlacowie, & reached the beach between 9 & 10. Unfortunately an easterly wind had been blowing the sand on

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the beach, & the tide was very low & had been so for days—ergo we got very little. A walk towards Minlacowie occupied the morning, together with a fruitless search under the stones at low tide mark—in the sand patches there the green Ulva was covered with Aviculae & numbers of a stinging sea-anemone. In the afternoon we rambled southwards & I had the luck to find a valve of Solen vaginoides, besides good

[Page 153] Opposite page 154 Reference date Cytherea disrupta Feb. 6.

Page 154. valves of Chione lamellata, Dosinia grata & crocea . I picked up a dried Ostracion, & we spent some time round a porpoise which had stranded & been driven ashore admiring its build & glassy hide. The weather was beautiful, & tho’ as regards shells the excursion was a failure, it was thoroughly enjoyable. We drove home via Warooka, having a lot of trouble out of a stubborn horse. In shellsand which I took home I found on examination the following shells— A single valve of Chione undulosa, new to me. Several valves of Lucina crassilirata, a one of the new species described by Tate in his paper before the Royal Soc., & only recorded from Streaky Bay. A species of Natica—Natica Marochiensis. Feb. 7. At Edithburg by 11, & down on shore where the tide was very low—plenty of Haliotis naevosa & excavata, Lepidopleuri. Parmaphorus unguis, & a few small Scintilla lunata. Half a dozen Gryllopaguri, & 3 Velellae, oval disks fringed by tentacles & supplied below with a transverse septum at right angles to the disk, & all of a lovely blue. This disappeared af in spirits & stained my handkerchief while taking it home. Feb. 11. The sixth day of heat—surely this is the climax. The sea a sheet of glass, bathes 3 times a day & an hour at a

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Page 156. time, people bathing who have not done so for years, at nights all doors & windows open & a sheet unbearable. Hot winds in the mornings but very light, & heavy fires to the north. The sky was filled with hundreds of swifts, glancing hither & thither, displaying their white necks & tail-band & their wonderful power of wing. At dinnertime they played above the cliffs like swarms of gnats, but not one was to be seen at three when I went out with my gun. I have never seen these birds before & am certain they are not residents. Where do they come from & whither do they go? Has this been solved? Feb. 12. Another scorching day—swifts fewer & flying higher, shot twice & missed. Chlaenius australis in dungheap & Schizorrhina caught. L. caught 3 fine bees on pepper-tree blossom & I got 2 on tea-tree—a species of Osmia or Megachile. The burrow of the nest of one pair was in a stick used for propping up a chrysanthemum. Received Nassa Jonasi from Bednall, a species with a yellow mouth, & of which I had sent him a specimen for identification in the same paper with N.pauperata. Feb. 13. A few swifts in the morning & in the afternoon a total change—very cold at night & a gale from the South East. Field crickets very abundant, flying to lights & suddenly tuning up from most unexpected places.

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[Page 157] Opposite page 158 Reference date Z. nobilis not armillatus Feb. 18.

Page 158. Feb. 18. Pulled to Hungry Pt. in a dingy, & found Zizyphinus armillatus my first Edithburgh specimen, & a valve of Lima multicostata, a species recorded on the 25th. ult. A kingfisher has been haunting the rocks near Sultana House lately—I have several times surprised it sitting on the boats. Antlions in the winged state are not uncommon & I have see two of the allied genus Ascalaphus with spoon-shaped knobs at the ends of the antennaea. Feb. 19. Schizorrhina given to me. Found several Nucula micans in rock pools towards the Creek. Young iguana at Yorketown, 1 foot long, & navel slit very distinct. Probably just hatched. Feb.20. N.E. wind & low tide. Chione strigosa & Pinnae in the sand at Sultana—caught a Murex in the act of perforating a Chione, hole half through. Hundreds of perfect but dead shells of Macoma Mariae & Semele exigua scattered over the flats; I picked up dozens as I have never seen the latter here before & only found 2 of the former, double. I suppose they have been brought in from the outside by the gales in the beginning of the week. A Pacific Gull was wasting his energy & time in tackling a toad-fish (Diodon)—its powerful beak was of no avail, much to his surprise, against the elastic and leathery ball of wind, & after surveying the fish after the manner of Mark Twain’s blue jay & walking round it several times, he gave it

[Page 159] Opposite page 160 Reference date Callidryas chryseis Feb. 21.

Page 160. up & flew away. Instantly the little spider crabs (Myra) a tacked the helpless fish & had eaten away some of his lips before I rescued him. So tightly was he distended, that the fins being attached to the skeleton, were almost invisible in the swollen skin. I have read these fish are poisonous—if so, why did the gull attempt to eat it? Was it a failure of instinct? or is the gull proof against a food fatal to human beings? Feb. 21. Mr. Boord caught & gave me a beautiful Pieris, unknown to me. Above it is a greenish white with a small black tip to, & a minute black spot in the middle of the fore-wings, below the colour is richer, greenish creamy, if such can be imagined. The wings are not elongated as is P. Aganippe (which is still to be caught), & are as much in expanse. Mantis religiosa flew to our candle at night. Feb. 24. Saw Mr. Matthews at Yorketown. He was down at Daly Head at the beginning of the week but he said the beach was no good. Valves of Donax sordida were numerous & he found 6 pairs—also a battered valve of Pectunculus Grayanus, a fresh find. Feb. 26. On the way to Hungry Pt. found Mallodon tardum dead under a stone. No shells of any importance at the point. Feb. 27. Pulled in my own boat to Hickie’s Pt. against a gentle N.E. breeze

[Page 161] Blank

Page 162. turning in to visit the cowry-ground on the way where the blacks were wading about after them. A few stretches of sand were bare at the point beyond the rocks & walking along these we found a dead & broken Voluta fulgetrum, Fusus crebriliratus alive, a damaged

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valve of Barnea similis, the fist I have taken here although I always suspected the cliffs of Wool Bay would yield them, & double shells of Mactra pura, the first I have seen so. A S.E. breeze then sprang up & we pulled towards Coobowie, the wind going to the S.W. just as we got opposite the township. In the corner of the beach near the blacks’ camp I picked up an enormous bivalve 4 3 ¾ in. long & thick & heavy in proportion. On searching I found it was Crassatella castanea, a shell not found in the Gulf before & only recorded from Pt. Lincoln & the S.E.Pulled home under the lee of the cliffs.On one of the sand-banks at the point I picked up a young Volute an inch long as it was lifting its foot out of the sand. March 20. The long interval here is caused by my illness. During the time several Schizorrhinae were taken & an unusually large locust appeared sparingly. Wallace showed me two colourless shells of V. fulgetrum which he had obtained from the blacks—they had hermit-crabs in— spider-like things as he styled them.

[Page 163.] Blank

Page 164. March 24 .Mr. Magarey took 4 striped bream, one monster, from the Cemetery rocks with his rod. Three whiting. March 26. Hunting for shells along the rocks in Allen’s boat & got plenty of Purpura textiliosa, Cones & Trophons, common enough but acceptable to Mr. M. Then took 2 whiting off the grounds & pulled home. Tried again after dinner & had one whiting & other fish when it began to blow & we had a hard pull back. March 27. Low tide so Mr. M. & I worked along the rocks by the bathing house & found plenty of Haliotis naevosa & Gryllopagurus lithodomus, the stone-burrowing hermit-crab. At the south end I found 3 adult & 1 young of Cypraea bicolor, & a couple of Parmaphorus unguis, while Mr. M. found a fine Voluta fulgetrum buried in sand in a rock-pool, but the lip was badly broken. Under stones I found Fissurella nigrita alive, the shell being fixed at one end of a dark-coloured animal, & further on I had the luck to find Tugalia parmaphoridea alive under a stone, the shell being like a depressed & unnotched Emarginula. April 1. A species of Agarista is about but I have not caught any; three or four specimens of Nyctamera annulata were taken yesterday, & today I raised one of the large locusts, at first taking it for a lark.

[Page 165] Blank

Page 166. April 2. A fearful morning, clouds of dust & a howling gale from the north, several places unroofed. Walked round to Hungry Pt. & picked up a worn valve of Circe corrugata, var. crocea, a roundish much flattened shell. Mr. Matthews gave me a better specimen on March 29th. The only shells new to us which he had obtained in his week at Corny Pt. were 3 valves of Circe, & one of Pectunculus flabellatus. Three species of Tern at the Pt., Sterna strenua, poliocercus, & Sternula Nereis. April 7th. Saw Heteronympha Merope on Yorketown Road. April 8th. Drove down to Minlacowie, taking the Minlaton road for 6 miles & then turning to the left. Camped at the well & after watering the horses went down to the beach, where we found

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several good specimens of Anatina Angasi & A. creccina & Lima angulata double. Mr. M. picked up a beautiful Dosinia Diana added above in pencil: \grata /& a valve of Lima multicostata, while Acera soluta was abundant. After dinner rambled south but found little. I arranged to go to Pt. Turton to-morrow the next day with some Yorketown people. Drove home via Moorowie & were detained till 9 o’clock by Mr. Philips at the head station where we had tea & a regal feed on melons. The bottom of the trap was so covered

[Page 167]. Opposite page 168 Reference date Also Chama cristella alive adherent to a loose stone, but small April 11.

Page 168. with sugar melons when we left that we had hardly f room for our feet. The sky was now clouded over by clouds radiating from the N.E. & S.W through which shone the full moon surrounded by a fine halo. Bad look-out for Pt. Turton & true enough next day it rained heavily & I returned to Edithburgh. I saw Danais Chrysippus and Pieris Teutonia at Minlacowie. Carew picked up Lutraria dissimilis, single valve, at Hungry Pt. April 10. In rock pools near the bathing-house found Lucina fabula & Nucula micans. Mrs.G. found Limopsis Bassii perfect at the point, the first I have seen. April 11. A couple of Cassis on the rocks north of Gottschalck’s jetty & below it found hundreds of Lepidopleuri of all patterns with other Chitons under stones. In the weed which covered everything found Cancellaria spirata with a hermit crab, Pythina Deshayesii double, Lucina fabula & plenty of Vulsella ovata which hitherto I have considered rather uncommon here. In afternoon tried for fish off Cemetery, & got a fiddle, rock-cod, red-mullet, wrasse? & small schnapper. April 12. Cingulina spina on rocks past cemetery. April 13. Cassis fimbriata at Hungry Pt.—H a species of Natica, & a white shell which I imagine is Mysella donaciformis

[Page 169] Opposite page 170 Reference date Mactra ovalina Lam. April 13.

Page 170. in shell sand. Also a valve of a shell allied to Mactra which I cannot identify. April 15th. By 9 o’clock Mr. M. & I were off in Lazell’s boat to Hickie’s Pt. We let the dredge down first about 1 ½ miles out from the point with the boat close to the wind & the fore-sail hauled to windward. Pecten bifrons, dead & alive, & Pecten fumatus (the species with the flat valve) were the first results. On the dead shells of Pecten found Trochita calyptraeformis & Crypta immersa, the latter young & new to me. The next few hauls brought up the same material, dead shells with a few live ones, a spider-crab, & few other species. Emarginula rugosa (in pencil)\emarginata/ & Murex pumilus on the dead shells; while on getting to weedier ground we found Lima angulata alive imbedded in spongy weed. The animal has a brilliant scarlet foot enclosed between the two lobes of the mantle which adhere closely to the valves. Working more in shore, we brought up dozens of Ascidians & Holothuria, one of the former of which on being squeezed ejected a little round crab marked with lines on the carapace; we also took a number of peculiar little crabs with long claws & bearing a strong resemblance to the English Galathea or Squat-crab. Here we were

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[Page 171] Blank

Page 172. agreeably surprised by bringing up Chione lamellata alive, but a small specimen. Pecten asperrimus ensued with Erato bimaculata alive in the frond of weed, on which also a number of small shells resembling Saxicava—these were also on the Pectens & on small stones. In a sort of corally limestone we found Gastrochaena Tasmanica burrowing in numbers. We then tacked in & out till we got off the mouth of the Creek & were rewarded(?) by hundreds of fine Aviculae & nothing else but the ordinary beach shells. Made more towards E- dithburgh & on the whiting grounds brought up dozens of Cardium tenuicostatum alive with Philine aperta & a strange Cephalapod-like creature about 2 ½ inches long & 1 ½ broad which contained a small shell well-known to me as a beach shell—Haminea cymbalum. Here also we took Conus rutilus alive, new to the locality. We tried elsewhere with no results & reached the jetty about 5 o’clock. Thus by this trip I added Gastrochaena Tasmanica & Crypta immersa to my collection, & discovered alive the following which I had obtained elsewhere but never here before— Conus rutilus, & Lima angulata & Desinia gerocea April 16. Agarista Lewini about in numbers. April 17. (In pencil)Zeuzera eucalypti ♂ appeared. Walked round to Wattle

[Page 173] Opposite page 174 Reference date In shellsand also took Aspergillum multangulare (first record for locality). April 17 Puffinus brevicaudus (in pencil) April 19

Page 174. Pt. & then struck westward finding nothing for about a mile, then dropped on dozens of Haminea among which I found Capulus Danieli (or subfuscus). A little on within a few yards found 4 Zizyphini—chlorostomus, armillatus & Brandianus, & further on others till I had 8 in all, one being a splendid Z. . Valve of Lima multicostata, & if Dosinia grata,\crocea/ the latter the first taken here on the beach. Mrs. Gower got 2 worn Marex ( In pencil )octogonus at Hickie’s Pt. April 19. Got a bird from a boy who said a N. Johncock while whiting-fishing had caught the bird as it followed his bait to the side of the boat. He told me the same himself afterwards. I suppose the bird must have dived while he was not on the look-out. It seemed to be a petrel having the long wings & peculiar hind toe of those birds, but Figuier says petrels do not dive. The fisherman called it a Mutton bird of which I have seen long straggling flocks when crossing the gulf. April 23. A bird similar to the last flew past the rocks to-day as I was shell-hunting. April 24. Several specimens of Acanthochites with bright golden tufts of hair in a cave well about the level of an ordinary tide. The boys picked up a shell at Hungry

[Page 175] Opposite page 176 Reference date Ancillaria marginata April 24 Chaetodon O ocellipennis April 29

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Page 176. Pt. which I take to belong to the Olive family. I have not seen it here before, but Mr. Matt. has some small specimens picked up on the west coast. April 27. Caught a garfish 18 ½ in. long on the rod. April 29. Boys were using a crabnet on the jetty & took 3 strange fish—Monocanthus Baueri the leather-jacket which inflates itself; a Chaetodon-like fish with beautiful silvery sides crossed with black bars & having an \large/ eye- spot on the dorsal fin; & thirdly a slight fish like a young schnapper but having a small head & jaws wh. woul could be produced forward & downward over half an inch. L. got some beetles dead & dried at the edge of the lake at Yorke Town including Lacon costipennis, a Bolboceras, & a large oval water-beetle. April 30. Another of the fish like a Schnapper caught in the same way. The fishermen say they have netted larger ones but they have no name for them. Letter from Pulleine re Pieris v. pages 159, 160. Parcel from Mr. Magarey containing a golden-winged locust & a sawfly; & the following shells—Oliva australis, Chione laevigata, Donax epidermia, Elenchus badius & apicinus, Mytilicardia crassicostata, Turbo(in pencil) Gruneri, & Canc. undulata.

[Page 177] Opposite page 178 Reference date Euryla pulchella May 15

Page 178. May 1. Caught 11 roughs on the jetty. A shark 9 ft. long or so of a whitish colour swam by the steamer. May 2. Vanessa itea, Agarista Leuwissi, & Nyctimera annulata are very abundant flying by day, & at night a fussy grey spotted moth swarms round lights. May 15. Netting with a seine net between Lozell’s & the point. Took Parslow had his net & dingy, & we took 5 ½ dozen whiting, several doz. tommies, a dozen weed-fish, 5 or 6 butterfish, a flathead, about a dozen smallish flounders, leatherjackets innumerable, a blue-crab, & only one soldier-fish. Took some shells and, & in sorting it found Murex pumilus, Rissoina , & a shell new to me. May 18. A Queen Mary fish (sic) jagged at the jetty; a round flat sided fish, silvery with black bands, related to Chaetodon, I think. May 21st. Whiting coming in shore—plenty being caught. May 24th. Mr. Matthews & I were out by 9 in Lozell’s boat, & s let the dredge down first about 2 miles S.E. of Wool Bay Jetty. We brought up Anatina creccina alive (first record for locality) & a peculiar semicircular flat shell, a Myodora,\Pandora/.(in pencil) I think. We then drifted northwards dredging & taking small valves of Cardium pulchellum (first record), Emarginula

[Page 179] Blank

Page 180. rugosa (in pencil)\emarginata/ (or Pectens), Lima angulata (in spongy weed), more Anatinas, & another Myodora (In pencil)\Pandora/ sp., Pecten bifrons, P. asperrimus, Trochita calyptraeformis, valve of Carditella subtrigona, Turritella clathrata alive, Malleus vulsellatus, valve of Circe corrugata, Crepidula immersa, Cryptodox globosum, young Macoma Mariae & a broken valve of Myodora brevis. All these in over 9 fathoms of water. We also brought up a fine piece of coral, reddish, with worm tubes relieving the colour with

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their white; & a huge Pinna, in. long, with a piece of coral on it & Placuanomia Ione attached. Getting W. of Wool Bay Jetty we took Natica alive, & l a yellowish sea-horse (Phyllopteryx). It curled its tail round my finger, & jerked its head upwards with a snap. A sharp knife-edged horn armed its forehead. Our hauls here were very poor, so we ran in but only took Pecten fumatus alive, & a piece of Polen vaginoides. Reaching 5 fathoms half a mile from the cliffs north of the jetty, we headed for our first ground, but only had time for 2 hauls, yielding Anatina creccina & a couple of pale yellow Lyria mitraeformis before it fell dead calm. It was now nearly 5 o’clock, so we took to the oars & worked slowly homewards. After dark a gentle breeze sprang up, & we reached the jetty

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Page 182. at 6.40. While becalmed off Wool Bay, we heard & saw several penguins (Spheniscus minor) . From this day’s work I being to think our proper ground is the shoal 3 miles E. of Wool Bay, & that the numerous dead shells we found we had been washed off it into the deep channel between it & the shore. See ‘Dredging Papers’ May 26. A peculiar brown long fish brought to me with rounded dorsal fins, a rounded head & bony jaws in place of teeth. Spirited it for the museum. June 12. A great quantity of weed washed ashore at Hungry Pt. by the recent storms. found Mactra Jacksoniensis with the animal within but dead. This is the first specimen I have seen. June 17. Semele exigua & Ringicula australis on Salt Creek beach. At 5 o’clock sailed in the ‘Edith Alice’ for Adelaide, sea almost a dead calm. At dark we had a light breeze from the S.E. June 18. The poky little cabin, tho’ stuffy enough in the evening, grew so cold by early morning that I rose at 5 o’clock & paced the deck till daybreak. Hot coffee was then made for us. We had made good headway during the night altho’ a dead calm prevailed about midnight;

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Page 184. the Port light shone brightly some 7 or 8 miles ahead but the wind was dead against us. The captain however, as the tide would not serve him for several hours, headed for the Semaphore where we were landed by the boat at 8 o’clock. Breakfast was the first object & then we went up to Adelaide. By one in the afternoon Mr. Magarey & myself were travelling along the South Road en route for Aldinga with Dr. Magarey & another gentleman ahead of us. In climbing O’Halloran Hill we obtained a glorious view of the plains & Glenelg with the ‘Nelson’ & ‘Opal’ in the offing. The country further on was slightly hilly & the few townships we passed through bore unmistakable evidences of being among the first \built/ in the colony; but the country did not seem to be so much devoted to wheat growing as the Peninsula. Were the hills which form the gorge at Noarlunga not so entierly denuded of trees, the township situated so uniquely in the sharp bend of the river would with its \adjacent/ natural surroundings make a pi subject fit for the pencil of any artist; but as it is it looks too bleak. What prevents the river from cutting across the narrow end of the horseshoe I cannot imagine, unless

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Page 186. it be the presence of some h rock harder than that through which the river now flows. As we drove through the township we remarked the broad smooth river & noted it as a good place to spend a week at during the summer- time. Darkness came on before we reached Aldinga, but by 5.30 we were arrived at the neat & comfortable hotel at Port Willunga. After tea we sauntered down to the jetty through the deep cutting running parallel with the coastline, & found two boats on trucks—evidently there is no suitable anchorage here & after being used the boats are hauled up on to the jetty by the crane. June 19. Were out on the beach by 7 o’clock. We found our hotel situated on the S. side of a gully through which a little stream meandered to the sea, where it ran over a stretch of sand backed by high cliffs horizontally stratified & capped by roun banks of muddy clay rounded by the weather. A gentle surf broke on the beach, the wind being N.E. A line of weed & aviculae ran along at highwater mark & in this we found valves of Barnea similis & B. australasiae, Mytilicardia crassicostata, also Elenchus apicinus, Thalotia picta & T. pulcherrima; I also found a double specimen by small of Mactra ovalina.

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Page 188. Venerupis Cumingi was plentiful on the beach & I found it burrowing in the rock below near the low-water mark. After breakfast we went south, first along the base of the cliffs, which were lined with boulders. A narrow strip of sand intervened between these & flat ledges of rock stretching 300 yards sea-wards & covered at half-tide. On this sand we found a few specimens of Buccinulus intermedius, Elenchus bactius, Mangelia Vincentiana, M. Meredithae, a broken shell o specimen of the large Clanculus undatus, & plenty of worn Cancellaria undulata, besides Cassis semigranosa. \& Oliva australis/. A \broad/ sandy beach appeared as we rounded a point & sandhills formed the background—here Mr. M. found a beautifully fresh Lutraria dissimilis, & a damaged but fresh valve of an orbicular shell as thin as an Anatina & produced at one end. It certainly is new to the colony. I found here a worn valve of Pectunculus flabellatus. Mr. M. also found accidentally 5 valves of Pecten Bednalli, a shell described last year by Tate. It is not so symmetrical as P. asperrimus, the arrangement of its ribs is different & the interspaces are shagreened. In the afternoon we walked to a point of the cliffs

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Page 190. about 1 ½ miles north of the hotel. Here the cliff presented a very unusual appearance. it first rose to a height of about 100 ft., littered at the base by debris over-grown with vegetation; then another similar cliff rose above this but about 60 yds. back from it, thus leaving a fairly level terrace above the first rise. The upper cliff was weathered & furrowed into numerous deep gullies. & the summit rounded, presenting in every detail an exact miniature of the mountain ranges 6 or 7 miles inland. In the lower cliff we obtained plenty of fossil brachiopods & the tests of sea-eggs in a beautiful state of preservation. These shells fossils pre-dominated here over the bivalves & univalves which were scarce with the exception of oysters. We then visited a spot half a mile nearer home & found low down on the cliff numerous univalves especially Marginellidae; & a species of Turritella. These last

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were imbedded in a dark clay, often hardened into stone, & extended from several feet up the cliff to sea-level. They were in perfect preservation & sometimes a dozen or more would be found within a few inches of one another. Where they were most numerous, no other fossils were

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Page 192. to be found. I wonder whether our modern Turritella studs the sea bottom like these ancient ones must have done. I omitted to mention that near the brachiopod cliff we found silicified casts of Turritella overlying the beds of echini & brachiopoda. June 20. Threatening surf on the beach consequent on a westerly wind. Went towards Blanche Pt. with Mr. M. but found no shells—all were washed out. Our only find was the purple urchin ( Strongylocentrotus eurythrogramma), & a couple of polished curved spines nearly an inch long which latter I found weathered half out of the cliff face. Dr. M. however had more luck to the southward, as he came back with Glyphis Jukesii, a large coarsely reticulated Fissurella, & two small specimens \valves/ of Cardita rosulenta. In the afternoon we endeavoured to drag the bottom at the head of the jetty, but got nothing but Saxicava arctica var. & a few small pieces of redddish coral. The sea had risen & was breaking up thro’ the planks of the jetty which oscillated with each wave in a most uncanny way, its whole length undulating as the sea ran along it. Heavy rain, & thunder & lightning very close at night.

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Page 194. June 21. The weather having completely broken up, we left Aldinga at 9 o’clock in pouring rain, which did not cease till we reached Noarlunga. Creeks too wide to leap across ran down every depression in the fields on either hand where an hour previous no water was visible—the cuttings were streams of water & on the level the horse splashed through pools extending the whole width of the road. As we neared the plains the rain came only in showers & it was all over by noon when we were near Edwardstown watching the flashes as the warships at the bay fired the salute to-day being observed for the Jubilee instead of the 20th. on account of the opening of the Exhibition. By 1.30 we had put up our horse at Waymouth St. & were on North Terrace among the thousands assembled there to witness the military display & opening of the exhib. We were too late for the procession, but saw its component parts separately as they returned after the opening ceremony which was signalised by a salute of 50 guns. The 300 men from the Nelson & Opal clad in blue, wearing straw hats & brown leather gaiters, marched by with the easy bearing of their class & excited much comment;

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Page 196. next to them the Mounted Infantry were admired most—these were from the country & wore buff uniforms with scarlet facings & slouch hats with the rims held up with a clasp—their horses were sorry-looking animals & during the firing of guns were difficult to manage; the Lancers presented a very gay appearance, but were all the other par divisions of our forces

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were placed below the Troopers mounted on white horses & wearing their usual black & white. The Governor’s carriage rolled home thro’ the crowds in silence; the Mayor’s was slightly cheered; but the Chinese Commissioners in their Oriental costume received a perfect ovation. Till dark the various companies paraded up & down North Terrace & I had many South Australian notables pointed out to me as they returned home. The night I spent at Enfield. June 23. Called on Mr. Bednall at the Register Office, had a chat with him, & then went with Pulleine to see Prof. Tate at the University. He told me that the “Pandora”(?) we dredged on May 24th. was according to Woodward correctly determined, but that the presence of a third tooth referred it to the genus Coelodox which Woodward does not mention. He did not know whether it was a new species or not, but

[Page 197]

Page 198. most probably it was. Afterwards had a long talk with Zietz (v. Pages) who seemed to be taken up with ethnology as he took the trouble to open many cases to show me choice specimens of stone axe- heads, spears, tomahawks.& etc, & \to/ explain their beauties & proofs of genuineness. Jan. 24. Our evenings are taken up at Glenelg by naming & sorting Mr. Mr.’s shells. This morning I visited Pulleine down in East Adelaide. He has numbers of beautiful & choice shells, but his S.A. ones are mostly only from Encounter Bay. He is very generous with his spare shells & I obtained from him Triton Bo subdistortus, Meroe Aliciae, Pectunculus radians, Lima multicostata, Modiola albicosta, Epidromus Bednalli, all additions, either totally or as perfect specimens, to my collection. In the afternoon I was a long time at the University & Prof. Tate interested me greatly in his fossils & desired me to collect for him at Edithburgh. Mr. M. & self were at his house at North Adelaide in the evening, & saw portions of his collection. He does not mount, but keeps each species in open cardboard boxes close fitting in the drawers of a cabinet. He explained away many of my difficulties, named some shells,& gave me a valve of the British

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Page 200. Pandora rostrata to illustrate the distinction between that genus & Coelodon. I also was enriched by the valves of our Teredo, one of the typical genus. We showed him Mr. Mr.’s fresh valve of Barbatia trapezia from Aldinga, & also the peculiar valve (v.p.188) from the same locality. The latter he retained for identification. June 25. The great storm of the week is at last over. The sea for the past 3 days has been thundering on the beach & dashing over the jetty—the tides have been higher than they have been for years—the Sturt Creek & the Torrens have brought such quantities of water from the hills that lower Glenelg is flooded & on the the problem of the Patawalonga Dam was solved by the gates giving way before the flood, & being washed out to sea, followed by several yachts which had been laid up for the winter. The plains are under water several feet deep in places for the total rainfall of the week was

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The sea however was calm this morning & I went north in search of treasures. The quantity of weed was so great that everything was hidden below it, except the light Solemya australis & Philine aperta. The former

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Page 202. was to be seen by hundreds, & I found 3 specimens alive. The dentated frill at the ventral margin is attached to the mantle of the animal during life. In connection with the Philines, I found out the solution of a mystery which long perplexed Mr. M. & myself. We received from Salt Creek a peculiarly-shaped affair of the consistency of cuttle-bone & horny This the finder affirmed was attached to a thin white shell. We at first thought it was an operculum; but by dissecting some of the Philines at Glenelg I found that three of these formed a hollow receptacle which I supposed to have something to do with the spawn. I put some specimens in spirit for further examination, but have not them at hand now. I also found a fresh specimen of Cancellaria undulata. In the afternoon the tide was very late, so we went to the South—large five-fingered reddish purple starfish were abundant; & we found a similar kind with only 4. It was not a mutilated specimen, as it was quite symmetrical. About a mile down the beach we had some luck, finding 2 perfect specimens of Lima mullicostata, Anatina creccina alive, Tellina albinella white & pink

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Page 204. & Mactra ovalina alive, besides two specimens of a thin naticiform shell, enveloped in a membrane continuous with the mantle. June 26. On the beach early & about 1 ½ miles towards Brighton found 32 variously coloured live shells of Tellina albinella, more than a dozen large Mactra pura, & 3 specimens of the rare Turbo Grüneri—one alive. This last was a good find, as Prof. Tate the other night showed us a live one he had found as a choice specimen. The thick- spined sea-urchin ( Goniocidaris) was plentiful. In the afternoon we took tram to Brighton—thence walked to Marino Rocks & back to Glenelg for nothing. June 27. Started from the Bay about 8 o’clock for the Semaphore. A little north of the Bay I found Fusus pyrulatus, & a large double Barbatia laminata. Near Henley Beach Lucina concentrica was abundant & we picked up a worn Cassis fimbriata; Mactra ovalina midway between the Grange & the Semaphore where found about 50 Conus rutilus among weed, scarlet, yellowish & purplish. Here also took Mysella donaciformis double. Valves of Venerupis crenata plentiful. Took 1.35 train from Semaphore. July 2. The rest of the week was wet & unfit for outdoor amusement.

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Page 206. On Tuesday, the 28th., we visited ‘the Nelson’ & examined her pretty thoroughly ,- next day attended the Royal Geo- graphical Society’s meeting when Lindsay the explorer read a paper on his work & his black boy Dick, 6 ft. 6 in. high & 17 years old, illustrated in a practical way the making of fire by means of two sticks; th I went three times to the

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Exhibition, & arranged Dr. Mr.’s collection of shells. I obtained from him Anatina gracilis, Mactra rufescens double & Bankivia varians. Today—Saturday—I returned to Edith burgh. July 3. Walked out towards Wattle Pt.—found Anguillaria australis (2) , Hypoxis pusilla (2), Correa speciosa & the scarlet Kennedya in bloom—the two last abundantly. Peewits ( Sarciophorus) were greatly excited & several times darted at us, turning abruptly off to one side when several yards distant. Could find no eggs. July 4. Eight Sooty Oystercatchers flying from Salt Creek to Hungry Pt. July. 5. Tried my small dredge—5 ¾ lbs.—sculling it in my own boat. The tide was high & I could not strike the patches, so got little but weed. Mitra Tatei alive, and Pectunculus obliquus dead.

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Page 208. July 6. Tried the dredge again along Sultana Spit. Took Cardium tenuicostatum dead, Fasciolaria fusiformis alive & also the only live specimen I have seen of Mitra Lincolnensis. July 10. Walked to Hungry Pt. in the morning & at the head of Sultan Bay found Zizyphinus armillatus, 52 large & small perfect shells of Pecten asperrimus, & some large Aviculae. July 17. Walked to W the beach past Wattle Pt. & thence about a mile towards Troubridge Pt.—the tide was very high, so much so that I only found 3 sponges. I took a strangely shaped cuttle- bone, in. long, very narrow, with the posterior portion turned up, & the mucro set at right angles to the bone. On the sandhills I found the queer little snail—Pupa australia—in mosses, & took about a score out of some moss I took home; here also I found Chlaenius australis under a stone, quite lively. Under stones I found a number of very minute Helices, no larger than the head of a large pin; the whorls ornamented with transverse raised lines, some distance apart. None of the specimens I examined had thickened lips, so these cannot be the traces of old mouths. Native Lilac ( Kennedya monophylla ) in luxuriant blossom. Nest of leaf-roller caterpillars on gum-leaves—rolled into a nautiloid shape. During the

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Page 210. day heard the notes of the Cuckoo ( Cuculus inornatus ), the Spiny-cheeked Honey-eater ( Acanthogenys rufogularis ), & the Oreoica gutturalis. The last bird utters his peculiar note in two keys—but the last note of his high-pitched variation is always in the low key. In the distance the it is a very good imitation of the music given forth from the wheels of a cart innocent of grease. July 24. Out of a remarkable hole in the cliff opposite the Cemetery took some fossilised Haliotis shells—also the bone of a small bird or mammal & crabs claws in the same state. From the position of the shells & from the fact that they are adherent to & not imbedded in the stone, I fancy that they were not deposited by the sea, but by blacks who took them there for the purpose of eating their contents. On the cliff found Pupa australis, Succinea australis, & Bulimus Adelaidae within the same bush—the last was extremely abundant under stones. four gannets fishing near the quarry.

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Aug. 3. Walked by Barnes’s paddocks to Wattle Pt. & home by the swamp at Hungry Pt. We roused 7 More-porks, 3 pairs & 1 single one—no signs of their nests. It

[Page 211] Contractions sev. = several; sm. = small; vy. = very; m. = many; p. = perfect. All the bivalves were only valves except those marked ‘p.’

Page 212. List of Shells obtained by me from Shell-sand brought by Mr. Matthews from Royston Hd. Y.P.

Macrochisma Tasmanaiae 4 Rissoina crassa 2 Fissurella nigrita 6 "lirata (pencil) 1 Trochita calyptraeformis sev. Natica sagittata 3 vy. sm. Euchelus baccatus sev. " Emuensis (pencil) 1 sm. Canthiridus Leseueri m. Trochus (pencil) 1(pencil) Thalotia pulcherrima m. Columbella semiconvexa 4 Diloma Adelaidae m. "lilac (pencil) 4 x Murex Angasi 1 worn Several other Columbellae "pumilus 9 sm. Mytilicardia crassicostata sev. vy. sm. Clanculus nodo-liratus sev. Lasea rubra 2 p. " gibbosus 3 Mysella donaciformis 1 x Gibbula 2 Mytilus [ … ] (pencil) 2 Mangelia anomala 5 Pectunculus Grayanus (6 large). m.sm. Cithara compta 1 Meroe Aliciae (2 large) m.sm. Mangelia Meredithae 2 worn Mactra varians (pencil) m. CinHofmani 1 Donax cardioides m. Emarginula dilecta 6 x Pecten Bednalli 3 sm. " candida 3. x Chione undulosa (pencil) m.sm. (2 large) Cryptospira cymbalum 2 x Modiolaria barbata 2 p. Marginella turbinata sev. worn Myodora ovata 1 br. Corbula tunicata x "angustata ?(pencil) 3 Erato (pencil) 1 x Cardita obliquissima ? 1 worn (pencil) (pencil) (pencil)

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Page 214. Shells obtained by me from Shellsand brought by Mr. Matthews from Emu Bay. Y.P.

Clanculus nods- liratus sev. Mangelia Meredithae 1 " incognita (pencil) 5 Bela australis 3 "gibbosus sev. Cithara compta 1 Canthiridus Leseueri sev. Mitra Rosettae 1 Thalotia pulcherrima sev. Columbella lilac 2 (pencil)

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Euchelus baccatus 1 Rissoina communis 1 (pencil) Scalaria australis 1 Marginella turbinata m.br. "granosa 2 Phasianella crassa 2 (pencil) Cypraea Reevei 1 br. Fusus Lincolnensis 3 Diloma Adelaidae sev. Siphonalia 2 fusco-gonata Gibbula 9 Columbella semiconvexa m. Cerithiopsis marmorata 1 " Lincolnensis few. "crocea 1 br. " crosslines 1 (pencil) (pencil) Fissurella nigrita 2 Mactra varians (pencil) 1 v. Pectunculus Grayanus 1 v.

Taken in March 1886 (v. p.p. 36,37. )

Cypraea Reevei 1 Capulus subfuscus 1 Donax cardioides 2 v. Meroe Aliciae 1 v. Oliva australis sev. Voluta undulosa 1 sm.

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Page 216. required no little search to distinguish the birds when seated even when pointed out. Along the shea-oaks by the sandhills we roused 2 owls, not a pair, as they were a good mile apart. I shot the first, as it watched me with its huge yellow eyes; the second I did not wish to kill but it distrusted my forbearance & kept well out of reach. What Owl this is I have not determined. They roost in the thickest shea-oaks. On the swamps we roused Spurwing Plover & a pair of Mountain Duck. Near the township we found 2 Magpie’s nests with eggs, & a Kangaroo – birds in the scrub with young ones. Yesterday I received from Mr. Matthews a bag of broken shells from Emu Bay near C. Spencer, & a small one with finer material from a bay about 2 miles north of Royston Hd. The former was fearfully ground up by the surf & contained little. The lip portion of Cypraea Reevei showed that my it inhabits the region & that my specimen obtained at the same place last year was not an accidental occurrence. (v. p.214.) The Royston Hd. stuff was wonderfully rich & several species not before recorded for the Peninsula were taken in it. These I have marked with an asterisk. The species

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Page 218. of Mactra I believe to be an addition to our species—it varies in colour from sulphur-yellow to pink & brown, & is mostly rayed with dark rays.(v. p. 212.) All the bivalves occurred only as single valves except two. In addition to those on the list Mr. Matthews obtained two valves of Limea austrina, as yet only recorded from Encounter Bay & Backstairs Passage, where it was dredged at a great depth. At one place on the coastline Mr. M. says the valves

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of Meroe Aliciae occur by hundreds. The place must be thoroughly worked—inaccessible as it may be. Aug. 7. Mr. M. & I walked to Hungry Pt.—Dentalium octogonus & Semele exigua on Sultana Beach. Attached to the cluster of Mytilus in the sandy mud we took numbers of a whitish broad Nudibranch & also of an Acanthochites identical I believe with the species obtained on Jan.31. The segments of the shell in that specimen were not contiguous & led me to believe it a Chitonellus. It must be looked into. At the Pt. there was nothing to be seen. We got a fine Phasianella alive, very little damaged. In shells and which I took about ½ mile round the point, I found 3 valves of a small shell which I

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Page 220. take to be Kellia Angasiana, & another peculiar valve which I can only refer to Tellina tenuilirata—the short description in Tate’s paper is not sufficient to identify it with certainty.In the afternoon we drove down to Salt Creek, where nothing was to be seen but shellsand. A handkerchief of this yielded, amongst other, Clathurella crassina, Ma gelia anomala, Siphonalia fusco-gonata, Fusus Lincolnenis, Ringicula australis & Triphoris . Some small Nassas greatly resembled N.Jonasi which Mr. Bednall sent to me. I wonder whether the yellow lip of that species is a constant feature. These showed a suspicion of it. Single valve of Lima angulata on beach. Aug. 8. a sea-horse ( Phyllopteryx ) similar to the one dredged on May 24th. but much larger, was netted last night by Parslow Aug. 10. About noon found a perfect Phasianella in. long on a weed-covered rock at the bathing- house. It was yellow with darker bands. Aug. 14. Drove to Troubridge Hill, & went after penguins. It was breeding-time & we found the old y birds everywhere

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Page 222. along the cliffs crouching in holes under the huge boulders or burrowed into the cliff face well out of reach of the surf. These holes were lined with feathers but whether pulled for the purpose or accidentally rubbed out, it would be hard to say. Most of them contained young ones, some just hatched, dark fluffy little things crouching by the side of their mothers, others were well- grown & able to waddle along on all fours in their \own/ unique fashion. We disturbed some having their first look at the ocean they were so soon to brave—but they were back in their holes in an instant. At first we found only young & hardset eggs, but afterwards a little while found plenty of fresh ones. Some were inaccessible—we took a dozen in all, having to drive the old bird out of the nest or pin her up against the wall \rock/ with a stick before robbing her for we knew the power of their beaks by doleful experience. The fresh eggs are clean & pure white, only to be distinguished from a hen’s egg by being slightly broader at the thick end—the hardest ones are filthy in the extreme. The whole place is most malodorous, & our clothes suffered not only from the rocks but from

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Page 224. the dirty habits of the birds. No other birds associate with them, as in the case of other kinds of penguins. Each bird lays 2 eggs & when attacked defends them vigorously, uttering at the same time a most ludicrous combination of braying & cackling. We threw a couple into the sea—one reappeared at about 30 yds. distance, the other disappeared in toto. I fancy these birds often are killed by being dashed by the surf against the rocks which line the coast—they must however, be exceedingly adroit in landing to escape such a death at all. On the top of the cliff found several largish specimens of Turbo lamellosus—one with the putrid animal & operculum within. This proves that the shell is still to be obtained alive along the coast, a fact I had doubted from seeing such quantities of dead shells on the S.W. coast & no sign of fresh ones. Aug. 18. A dead calm—pulled in Allan’s boat t about Sultana Bay, endeavouring to shoot shags with a gun the hammer of which would persist in catching at half-cock when the trigger was pulled. At the point I managed to bowl a Pied Oystercatcher over, & L. secured a Hooded Dottrel

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Page 226. (Hiaticula monacha), but damaged it too much for preservation. I endeavoured to shoot another, but though I pulled trigger 13 times, the gun would not go off while the dottrel stood staring & wondering what all the clicking was about; when to our mutual surprise it banged when least expected. We both departed. The contents of the dottrel’s \redbill’s/ stomach were unrecognisable—that of the dottrel was full of minute stones & grit with a small shell or two. I could detect no sign of any food among them. The walls of the gizzard were at least 1/3 of an inch thick. Nest of Dusky Acanthiza in a dead peppermint in a paddock along the old Creek Road, with 2 eggs & a young one just hatched. These birds build in the same paddock every year. Aug. 21. Saw Mr. M. at Yorketown. He had been along the Levens & Corny Pt. beaches the week before with Dunne the trooper & had wonderful luck, taking 84 specimens of Chione lamellata, half a dozen Pectunculus flabellatus, 3 or 4 Chione gallinula & the same number of Cardium cygnorum, all perfect & many alive, besides Anatina Angasi& A. creccina in any number. I wonder when I shall see such a shell-strewn beach ! However, this was

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Page 228. the next best thing was to share the finds & Mr M. is very generous with his shells. I was thus enabled to send friends in Adelaide some choice specimens. At Mr. M. had found over a score of Donax sordida perfect & many alive. Besides this he had received from Mr. Evans, a surveyor working down at Royston Hd., another bag of shellsand, which however must have been gathered at a different place from that gathered by Mr. M., as the class of shells was different, & many absent in the first bag were present in this & vice versa. Mr. M. Evans sorted the shells, but lent me many to identify, of which he kindly gave me half. Among them I took Limea austrina(2'), Tellina subdiluta (2'), a shell of a only known before from valves dredged in Encounter Bay by Pulleine, a single valve of Diplodonta Tasmanica, Dipl. globularis(2') & 2 valves of another species of that genus, Myodora angustata (2'), Tellina tenuilirata(1'), 2 or 3 valves of what I take to be Hemimactra versicolor, & several of

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an inflated oval shell I cannot locate at all; & among gasteropoda, Erato bimaculata(1') & several samples of a shell I obtained in the first lot of shellsand & take to be another Erato, Cylichna arachis(?) (2), Margiinella turbinata, M. volutiformis,

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Page 230. M. tridentata, M. cymbalum & M. denticulata, all the finest examples I have seen except M. tridentata. M. denticulata is new to me—it might easily be mistaken\at a glance/ for M.cymbalum, differing in being less globose & having only 4 plicae on the columella. Mr. M. also took Trivia australis, & the Naticina I first found at Emu. Bay. By comparing these with the list on p. 212, a great difference will be noticed, showing how little a single visit can be relied on for af- fording a true estimate of the richness of a district in animal life. Aug. 22. Greenie’s nest in Police paddock with a large young one in—the nest was made of wool, hair & fine grass loosely woven together, unlined, shallow, & affixed to the slender outer twigs of a small tea-tree. Along Vorweck’s large paddock found 3 Magpie’s nests, 2 containing eggs & the other young ones just hatched. We always raise Stone Plover here. In Rose’s paddock, L. called my attention to a little bird which he had seen fly out of a dead peppermint. It was undoubtedly a Pardalot & I have very little doubt Pardalotus striatus, wh common enough in the Mallee country in the S W. of the peninsula (.p.94), but never seen nearer here than Sandy Pt. to my knowledge. It was running up & down

[Page 231] Opposite page 232 Reference date Lycaena Heathii \alsulus/ in a paddock near the Oval—1 small specimen; & the 3 - horned cockchafer, Oryctes Mullerianus, dead & dismembered by some bird, but fresh. Both earliest appearances. Aug. 22

Page 232. among the terminal leaves of a peppermint branch, much in the style of an \the/ English tomtit, & pecking an insect here & there in the same manner. We found the nest in a hole in the dead tree, & determined to visit it next day with a tom\a/ hawk, as the bird’s procedure & excitement led us to believe she had eggs. Aug.23. In the afternoon cut out the Pardalot’s nest—result o. The nest was made of fine grass & thin strips of tea-tree bark. The bird had disappeared. Returning a Kangaroo- bird’s nest was found with 2 eggs. Lark’s nest with 2 eggs at edge of cliff. Aug. 26. Oryctes Mullerianus plentiful—evidently they appear in warm damp weather. Aug. 26. A warm wettish morning. Scores of a yellow-spotted black moth—Nyctamera annulata— fluttering in their irregular way about the garden after breakfast. Odd ones I have seen at intervals throughout the winter. Vanessa cardui in the garden—yesterday the boys caught V. Itea; both hybernated specimens. About tea-time one of the boys said he saw a long- legged gray bird skulking about the kale in the garden. We rummaged about & presently a rail darted thro’ the fence & flew up the street, alighting near the

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Page 234. Institute. We followed—he rose & flew to the garden fence where he alighted, evidently greatly fatigued; but when we again came up to him he made off with great rapidity in a

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straight line & we lost him. I have no doubt that this was the Pectoral Rail, not uncommon at Troubridge Is. where it breeds. The lighthouse keepers tell me it is to be seen at dawn & dusk, but during the day it hides in the bushes. It arrives they say in August, has two broods, & leaves about February. A strong northerly wind was blowing yesterday & today & most probably the bird had taken advantage of it to aid itself in its journey southward. Aug.26. A strong northerly wind all day compelling the thousands of Nyctamera to seek shelter on the opposite side of the shea-oaks—every tree sheltered one or more & on one I counted 15. I captured 2 in cop. & found that the only external difference between the sexes is that the antennae of the males are more strongly pectinated. Small silvery moths were abundant hiding on the bark; one which I captured had a tuft of down on the anterior margin of the fore-wings. Yesterday I rigged up a box for V rearing caterpillars. On the ground we found numbers of velvety caterpillars, varying greatly in colour, tho’ the style of disposing it was uniform. the upper

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Page 236. part of the segments varies from white to buff, the sides the same, but never of the same colour as in the same insect, thus contrasting strongly with the back. Three rows of yellow spots run along the sides, & between the upper two is the line of finely-defined golden spiracles. At the anterior edge of each segment & along the sides are short tufts of hair pointing backwards. The prolegs are pink. The caterpillars are about 2 in. long, slow in their movements & feed on grass. Aug. 27. Mr. M. gave me Unis depressus, U. vittatus, Anatina gracilis, & Soletellina donacioides from Adcock & Chione gallinula from Dunne. Letter from Bednall—the shell in Royston Hd. shellsand is Erato lachryma, only known before in this colony from dredging in Backstair’s Passage. The boys reported thrush’s nest in Roger’s Paddock with 3 hardset eggs in an old Kangaroo bird’s nest, the roof being left on; Acanthiza’s, crow’s & magpie’s nests with eggs; & first appearances of the Eyed butterfly Vanessa velleda & the Crimson-speckled Footman (Deiopeca pulchella). A large Lamellicorn brought by a boy—the same as No. , beetles. Aug. 28. Hot sunny day with damp atmosphere—walked with the boys of to Hungry Pt. & home by Wattle Pt. & Barn\e/s’s.

[Page 237] Opposite page 238 Reference date Determined as Lycaena biocellata, L. alsulus & L. serpentata, all perfect. Aug. 28

Page 238. Almost before starting I found a fine chestnut Bolboceras at the edge of a pool similar to one taken given to me by Trooper Born on , & wh. flew to a light. Getting on to the cliff, thousands of insects rose before us, but all belonging to a few species. V. cardui & the day- flying moth Nyctamera swarmed on every flower, extracting its nectar, from the Billybutton & Hackweed to the white-flowered shrub which scents the sandhills, all were tenanted by these & more sparingly by two or three species of Lycaena which I have not been able to determine. Small moths belonging to the snouts rose as we before us & were blown to leeward like blossom from an almond tree on a gusty day. The profusion of insects was wonderful! And a month ago \not/ even a blowfly was to be seen! On the blossom of a

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species of Senecis we secured some small caterpillars, jet black, with 4 rows of black nodules on each side, & bands of red spots, one down the back, & the others just below the first row of nodules. Each of the latter bore a tuft of black hairs, & from the anterior & upper pair sprung two diverging pencils of long & closely set hairs extending over the head in a most remarkable way. With every movement of the creature’s head, this singular ornament would was correspondingly moved.

[Page 239] Blank

Page 240. Deiopeia pulchella was present, as 3 beauties in my collecting-box testified; 5 specimens of the slim-waisted carnivore Carenum anthracinum were secured under large stones, & some waterbeetles of medium size in a pool. Descending to the beach, we picked up a small Ostracion ornatus, striped, ergo a female, just dead & in perfect preservation, no doubt cast ashore by the heavy northerly weather of the last two days—further on a large waterbeetle, the first of its kind I have seen, lay sprawling on its back. Among the rushes of the sandhills rose numbers of the large locust which has appeared this year & wh. has been active throughout the winter—several woolly-bears, black or brown hairy caterpillars, gifted with wonderful swiftness, were here \also/ transferred to the collecting-tin. I believe the imago. is the black & white Ardicis fulvo-hirta. The wattles were in th full blossom, & strange it was to see them in their solitary golden glory, while other plants not half as attractive were tenanted with teeming insect life. I suppose they secrete little, if any, honey. While admiring their beauty, I was attracted by a peculiar note to two birds chasing one of wh. was chasing the other from tree to tree. I at once was on the alert, as the bird

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Page 242. was a novelty to me; but it was so shy that I could not approach it closely enough to ascertain its character and markings. One of the boys described it as ‘an extra big Greenie’, & indeed its general appearance at a distance quite bore out the description both as regards colour & size. As it flew past I observed some white about the throat & that the bird kept its head drawn in between its shoulders. When settled it was silent, but when flying from tree to tree it uttered in a loud clear key & much after the manner of the skylark a melodious combination of notes much resembling the following jargon “Catch a wee bird, catch a wee, wee bird, catch a wee, catch a wee, catch a wee wee bird.” Yes! just so! very intelligible! The mosquitoes drove us away from here—they came by hundreds, & tho’ we killed hundreds with our hands & the net, hundreds remained, each in its bloodthirstiness seemingly striving its utmost to avenge the death of its companions. On our way home we found magpie’s nests with young & Kangaroo- birds with hardset eggs. A beautiful Vanessa velleda also fell to my share, certainly no hybernated specimen. Aug. 29. A. Wallace spoke to me of a crane he saw fishing at the Creek on the 21st. “but it was all white’, he said. This must be an

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Page 244. Egret, a bird I have never seen here yet. Aug. 30. Young Bramley showed me a Wattle-bird’s egg from a nest he found at Diamond Lake on the 25 inst., & on the 28th. I saw him with 2 eggs he had taken from a Sittela’s nest in the S Parklands. It contained 4. Sept.1. Drove to a paddock halfway to Oaklands, but had no sooner arrived than a tremendous storm of wind & rain came on from the N.W., so started back after finding a magpie’s nest with 2 eggs. Crow’s nest (2) on way up. Sept.3. Boys found 2 nests of wattle-birds with young & 1 egg respectively, & nest of butcher-bird (Cracticus destructor) with 4, behind Osborne’s. The day’s paper contained an account of the wreck of the Guldax at Yankalilla during yesterday’s gale—4 men unable to leave vessel. Sept. 4. Walked thro’ Barnes’s, Kubale’s & Osborne’s, finding Acanthiza’s nest with 3 eggs & Greenie’s with 2. The latter was a real work of art, natural art, being made of wool & laced to the twigs of a small tea-tree with one or two strands of fine grass. I was considerably startled by 3 fullgrown Acanthizas flying out of a nest into which

[Page 245] Opposite page 246 Reference date A large Owl flew off an old Kangaroo-bird’s nest near Osborne’s& sat staring at us with eyes fully distended. It must have measured 30 inches in expanse of wing, had a white breast & belly & mottled wings. Sept 4 Lycaena Boetica much worn in garden either to-day or yesterday. Sept.9.

Page 246. I had just inserted my finders under the impression that they were young ones. They certainly were not this year’s birds, & my companion accounted for so many being in the nest by saying ‘that after a nest is built a lot squeeze in to make it round.’ In a trough near Kubale’s we caught 6 species of waterbeetles, one similar to that taken on Aug. 28 & another a large Dyticus, brown- ish black bordered with dull yellow. Three of the others I had never before taken on the peninsula, which remark also applies to the Dyticus. One was a species of Hydrobius. Sept. 9. In shells and from Gottschalck’s jetty took Mitra Tatei in number & perfect in form & colour; Truncatella scalarina with the apex entire so frequently that the generic name almost seems a misnomer; the 3 Modiolarias, M. Cumina large, M. barbata which I have never taken here before ashore, & M. Paulucciae, a rather scarce shell on this side of the Gulf. Watched a Scissors-grinder with a feather in its mouth settle on a tree & after a casual survey to make sure all was right, proceed to weave it into the foundation of a nest situated on a she-oak branch. a puff of wind blew the feather away but the bird recaptured it long before it reached the ground.

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Page 248. Sept. 13. Acanthiza’s nest with one egg nr. Gillerton—Lycaena Heathii perfect; only a single specimen. Sept. 16. First egg of Artamus sordidus, the Dusky Woodswallow from

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Sept. 17. Swallow’s nest with 4 hardset eggs in well on Yorketown road—another with 3 fresh in well at Uhlbrich’s. Mr. M. gave me 37 Ch. lamellata from Hardwicke Bay—he has got 300 or 400 this winter. He also obtained a worn valve of Panopaea australis, a shell obtained here for the first time by Pulleine at Rapid Bay about a month ago, Tasmania being its headquarters. It resembles Lutravia externally both in size & appearance. Sept. 18,. Plenty of fine Ch. strigosa at Wattle Pt. Caught Lyc. biocellata & Pieris Aganippe. The boys also saw several of the latter. Sept. 19. Mr. M went dredging—morning a dead calm. Result 0. Sept. 20. Wagtail flycatcher’s nest with 3 eggs by Uhlbrich’s. In the morning had noticed a flock of strange birds at a dis- taince making for the N. Parklands. Boys reported the Black faced Woodswallow (Artamus personatus) Sept. 21. Found plenty of Woodswallows behind the Cemetery —

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Page 250. Artamus personatus & another species as yet unrecorded for this district & wh. I take to be A. superciliosus, the White-eyebrowed Woodswallow. In Vorweck’s I heard a most vivacious concert going & on found it to be caused by a flock of A. personatus hovering over the ground at a height of about 1 yard & continually settling & rising. As I approached to ascertain what they were doing the whole flock some 200 in number rose with an angry chirruping & resumed the same antics about 200 yds. away. I could not discover a single specimen of the other species in the entire flock. Two parrots flew from a hole in a she-oak where they evidently were nesting & L. showed me a Grey Peter’s nest built on the fork of a shea-oak branch. Sept. 24. Mr. M. was down at the Levens again yesterday, & besides the usual Ch. lamellata, got Ch. gallinula, Cancellaria undulosa, & Ancillaria marginata alive in wet sand—all fine specimens. He gave me specimens of each, & a double Solen vaginoides. Among some rubbish he had put away I found Fusus Tasmaniensis, a large heavy & handsome shell.

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Page 252. Sept. 25. Netting from a boat with D.H. Unsuccessful but near the Cemetery we caught among some other things a brown fish similar to that sent to the Museum on May 26th. The first \That/ was unique, so this is the first second taken. It is Olistherops cyanomelus. Sept. 26. Pulled to Hickie’s Pt. & caught 9 whiting besides the usual other rockcod, leatherjackets & red mullet, the inseparable friends of the whiting. Sept. 27. Drove down to Minlacowie after Court at Yorketown. The S.M., his son, M., Dunne & myself formed the party. The beach was poor—Cardium tenuicostatum in thousands, I secured a dozen Pecten fumatus alive & attached to the roots of weed, 2 Anatina angasi, Fusus pyrulatus (first record for peninsula) & a small nautilus slightly chipped at the apex. The others obtained Dosinia grata, spondylus tenellus & Chamostrea albida.On the drive home near Yorke- town a flock of geese or swan passed overhead about 20 in number. Too dark to be accurate.

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Sept. 28. Shot 3 rabbits at Daw’s Run. Boys got Kestrel’s egg out of nest at Osborne’s & reported nest of Graucalus melanops with 1 young one at same place.

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Page 254. Sept. 29. Strong North-easter all day. About 5 in the afternoon a shoal of squid was at the jetty & 6 were caught. The pen of the largest measured 15 ½ in. in length. It was the largest I have seen. Sept. 30. In the morning I shot 3 specimens of A. superciliosus. They were too fat for good skins. The Parrot’s nest found on the 21st. contained 4 large youngsters. Grey Peter’s nest near Robert’s store with 3 eggs, an unusual number. In the afternoon 3 of us were fishing on the Sultana grounds & took 59 whiting, my share 21. Toadfish were a great nuisance. Oct. 1. Mr. M. was at Port Rickaby yesterday & found a splendid Clanculus undatus. Oct. 3. Caught 5 whiting at Sultana. Oct. 5. Nests of A. personatus with 3 eggs. Gray Peter’s (2). The Scissors grinders whose nest I found on Sept. 9. laid 3 eggs wh. were all taken—they have built again near the same place & the nest contained 2 eggs to-day. Oct. 7. L. found a nest of the spiny-cheeked Honey-eater with 3 eggs, 2 of wh. were broken by the bird as she rose from the nest. The latter was after the style of a Greenie’s, built of fine grass & wool loosely woven together, but shallower & larger.

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Page 258. The egg was In the Police Paddock a Scissorsgrinder’s nest building was found so close to a Wagatail’s nest that the wagtails attacked us while examining it. Also a Sittella’s nest beautifully built in a tea-tree fork, & a nest of A. personatus built on a ledge against the side of a shea-oak about 7 ft. from the ground. It contained 2 eggs. Two other nests wh. we visited were built in a mistletoe & a broken stump respectively. At the former nest the two birds sat quite close attentively watching our movements, & thus I had a good opportunity to note the sexual distinctions. The male seemed darker & to have more black on the head than the female, wh. the top of whose head was slate coloured like the rest of the body. Attracted by a peculiar note much resembling that of a Gray Peter we found a bird totally new to our district. At a first glance it might be mistaken for a Pied Robin but its movements reminded us more of a Scissorsgrinder, except that while perched it kept its body at an angle of nearly 60° with the horizontal line instead of parallel like the former bird. Its colouring was black & white but I will wait till I shoot a specimen before describing it.

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Page 258. We saw 3 distinct birds. In Lawson’s paddock we roused another of the unknown birds observed on Aug 28. It flew off uttering its peculiar note.

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Oct. 8. Three eggs from nest of Collocalia arborea, the Martin, in the rocks. Oct. 9. Two eggs in wagtail’s nest in Police Paddock. Found Lark’s nest in a ploughed field with 3 hardset eggs. Oct. 10. Got a lot of fine shellsand from Gottschalck’s jetty. Besides the usual shells took Odostomia eburnea a second time; Crossea concinna, a minute polished white shell with a notched lip, wh. I have only taken\once/ before near the quarry; & a shell wh. combines the characters of an Emarginula & Crypta, having a long notch & a well devel- oped crypt. I believe it to be new. Oct. 13. A large shark round the jetty about nine o’clock. He was hooked once but escaped. Very hot. Oct. 14. A scorching hot wind from the north. First of the season. Oct. 15. At Daw’s Run. Killed with the dogs, Charlie & a hound, & with the gun, 14 in all. Discovered Striated Pardalots to be abundant in the peppermints—fd. nest in a dead tree but cd.nt get at it. Nest were found of the Dusky Woodswallow (3) fresh; Wagtail (3), hardset; Swallow (4),

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Page 260. Crow (3) fresh; Yellow tailed Acanthiza (3) fresh, & 2 hardset eggs & a young one in another; Dusky Acanthiza (4) hare- set. The crow’s is a very late nest; the last-mentioned nest was in a peppermint stump & was made of dried grass, dung & bark, & warmly lined with the feathers of parrots& other birds. Unfortunately we destroyed the nest while try- ing to abstract an egg or two. In a she-oak I found a Sittella’s nest in course of construction, the pretty little builders adapting their bodies to the strangest postures in order to fix a hair or lichen in its proper place. I have invariably noticed 3 or more birds are attached to a Sittella’s nest. White-eyebrowed Woodswallows abundant. Two specimens of Terias smilax taken by the boys; & a large Mantis. Oct. 16. Last night the tide was as low as I have ever seen it. Accordingly I was on the rocks immediately after breakfast but the results were not astonishing. I took the shells usually met with inear the bathing house at low tide & wh. I may enumerate in order to save repetition in the future—Tellina decussata, Barbatia laminata (very young) x Lucina Tatei, Cypraea bicolor (always in splendid colour), x The asterisk indicates dead shells.

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Page 262. Macrochisma producta, Haliotis rugoso-plicata, Stomatella imbricata, Fasciolaria f coronata, Purpura textiliosa & P. Flindersi, Parmophorus unguis, Chitonellus gunni, Lepidopleurus , Clanculus node-liratus, Diloma odontis, Rissoina , Gena auricula, & Bittium granarium. Besides these I took the following wh. are not always met with—Crypta immersa on a dead Fasciolaria, x Gibbula Preissiana, Cingulina spina & Fiss. nigrita. A youngster found a Black Cowry (Cypraea thersites).Gryllopagurus was present as usual & but tho’ I found the Axius (?) , no signs of Scintillae were to be seen. I fancy that rocks require to be frequently turned over in order to ensure their being resorted to by mollusca. Otherwise they become imbedded & form wel- come retreats for Eunice & other tube-building worms. In afternoon pulled 1 ½ miles out from jetty & dredged in 4-5 fathoms. Sandy bottom with slimy

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gelatinous weed wh. choked the dredge & evidently afforded no neither food nor shelter to shells for a single Diala dead & a small Modiolaria were the only signs of them I saw. L. caught 2 battered Danais Chrysippus I reported Xenica Rhyii. Very hot & calm. Shark 7 ft. long caught.

Blank page, followed by the indexes for 1886 and 1887

Index for 1886 Acanthiza 46,72,74 Aquila audax 26, 46 Acanthiza chrysorrhea 66,70,72,74 Arca 108 Acanthochites 132 Ardea Novae Hollandiae 16,36,46 Acanthogenys rufogularis 61,62,74 Arripis Georgianus 60 Acrocephalus australis 120 Artamus personatus 2,4 Adelium 34 Artamus sordidus 2 Agotheles Novae Hollandiae 72,74 Atticora (in pencil) 100 Agarista 80 Aurora australis 40 Agarista Ephyra 112 Avocet 62 Agarista Latinus 112 Alcedo sanctus 34 Bronzewing 22, 36, 78, 98 Alcyone azurea 120 butterfish 32 Alligator 10 Bulimus (in pencil) 34 Amandina Lathami 66 bulldog ants 34. Ana superciliosa 46 boarfish 55, 56 Andrena cineraria 56 Bombus lapponicus 56 Antares 10 bream, striped 60. Anatherea eucalypti 50, 114 butcher bird 72, 74 Anthochaera carunculata 46 Bulla hydatis 132 Anthus australis 46. 1886 Cadmus 54 cicadas 116 Carenum anthracinum 52,66,68,70 Cicada moerens 120 Callista Victoriae 58 Cingulina circinata 52,60 Calorhynchus antarcticus 69,70 Cithara bella 130 Calosoma Schayeri 78,94,108,113 " compta 50 Calyptorhynchus (in pencil) 114 Cleridae 100 Cancellaria spirata 68 Climacteris 118 Cardita rosulenta 58 cobbler fish 62 Cardium pulchellum 78 cockatoo, white 116 ″ tenuicostatum 16,78 " black 114,116,118 Casarca tadornoides 100 Columbella Angasi 44,50 Cassis fimbriata 4,54,110 " bidentata 50 Cestracion Philipsii 12 "speciosa 50 Chama cristella 58 comet, Fabry’s 50. Chelmo rostratus 109,110 Cominella 2

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Chione gallinula 58, 78 corals, anemone 110. " laevigata 122 Corbicula (in pencil) 120 Chiton 10,12,38 Corbula tunicata 58 Chitonellus Gunni 2,110. Corvus coronoides 46 Chlaenius australis 108 cowry, black 62 Chrysolophus spectabilis 114 crab, fester caused by 48 1886 crab, hermit 54,60,110,130,134 Diodoxus scalaris 112 ", rock 18 divers 54, 58 ", sponge 2,4,52 Donax cardioides 37, 90. ", swimming 18 dotterel, hooded 94, 130 Cracticus destructor 46 "red-headed, 8, 78, 110. crocodile 10 Dromais Novae Hollandiae 46. crow, 64, 66, 68, 72, 102. Dromia 2,4,52. crustacean, shrimplike 110, 132. duck, black 44, 50, 52, 60 Cryptodromia lateralis 3,4 " , mountain 58, 64, 100. cuckoo 54, 98 "reddish-breasted 82, 98, 102 Eagle 26, 32 ,36 ,40 ,64 ,92 ,98 Cuculus inornatus 54, 62. ", sea 92. "insperatus 81, 82. Elater 6, 10. curlews 14, 104 emu 36, 38, 42, 44, 86, 88, 90, 96, 98. Cyclodus gigas 3, 4. entomostraca 100. Cypraea bicolor 130 Ephthianura albifrons 66, 68. "thersites 52, 62, 130, 132 Erato bimaculata 44, 50, 70. "Reevei 37. Estrelda temporalis 114, 118. Eulima 52, 54, 60. Danais 120, 124 Euphema aurantia 114, 116, 132, 134. Diodon 16 " petrophila 37, 38, 46, 89, 90, 116. 1886 Falcunculus, cristatus 120. Haliastur92. fiddler, longsnouted 68 Haliotuis54. finch, diamond 66, 76, 106 "110 " red eye-browed 114 Haminea cymbalum 62 flathead 6, 56. Hawk, brown 26, 70. flycatcher, 60 Hebesecis 108 foxmoth 102. Helaeus princeps 112. Helix Kooringensis 104 Galeomma 14, 56. heron 16, 36, 50, 58. gannet 52, 60. Heteronympha Merope 32, 112. Geocoris 34 Hiaticula monacha 94, 130. Glyciphila fulvifrons 79, 80. " ruficapilla 8, 46, 108. grasshoppers 112. Hieracidea occidentalis 26, 46. Graucalus melanops 52, 74, 78, 82. Hirundo neoxena 46. Gryllopagurus lithodomus 59, 60, 109, 110, Histiopterus recurvirostris 55, 56.

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130. gull, Pacific 104. Holopneustes 62, 110. Gymnodactylus Miliusii 88 honey-eater 92, 102 Gymnorhina leuconata 46. "black-headed 118. " New Holland 34, 84. Haematopus fuliginosus 46, 92. "singing 110.

"longirostris 84. "spiny-cheeked 61, 62, 74, 102. 1886 Honey-eater, white-cheeked 116 Lasiommata ocrea 122. leather-jacket 18, 56, 70. Iguana 34, 78. Leda crassa 58 Isosillago maculata 12. Limnaei 120. Limopsis Bassii 58. Jellyfish 106 Liotia 52, 54 Julidomorpha Bakewelli 129, 130. lizard, night 88 Jupiter, occultation of 44 longicorns 100, 108. lunar rainbow 44 Kangaroo 26, 30, 32, 36, 38, 40, 42, 74, Lyria mitraeformis 10, 54, 110, 134. 76, 80, 82, 86, 94, 96, 98 Kangaroo bird 62, 66, 70, 72, 76. Macoma Mariae 53, 58. Kestrel 26, 68, 74, 82, 98, 102. magpie 66, 68, 70, 72 Kingfisher 34, 118 " black 26, 36, 78, 102 "azure 120 Malleus vulsellatus 132. Mallodon tardum 4, 16, 126. Lamellicorn 72, 78. Malurus cyaneus 114 Lamprima 18 Marcia faba 122. Lamprima micardi 114 Megachile 34 lark 68, 112 Melaleuca ericifolia 14 Larus Pacificus 8, 18, 46. Melanodryas cuccullata 52, 96. 1886. Meliphaga Novae Hollandiae 34, 46. Nycticorax caledonicus 52. Meroe Aliciae 37, 90. Microeca fascinans 72. Odax 10 Minolia 52. OEdicremus grallarius 46. Mitra Lincolniensis 59, 60, 130. Ogyrius amaryllis 14, 108, 110. "Tatei 62. "otanes 34, 80. Modiolaria Cumingiana 62. Onthophagus pentacanthus 50. Monacanthus Baueri 56. Oreoica gutturalis 39, 40, 74, 78, 86, 102. more-pork 10, 58, 68, 70, 72. Oryctes Mullerianus 54, 68. mosquitoes 78 Osmia xanthomelana 56. moth producing sound 118 osprey 22, 92. mullaway 126. Otis australianus 46.

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mullet, red 6, 48, 54, 56. oystercatcher, pied 84 Murex triformis 134. "sooty 92. musk duck 8, 50, 52, 54 Pachycephala gutturalis 49, 59, 60, 82. Nautilus 18, 36, 64, 94. Pandion leucocephalus 22, 46. Nerita atrata 134 Pardalotus striatus 31, 32, 37, 38, 46, 84, 94. night heron 52, 58, 70. " xanthopygius 80, 84, 102. Numernius australis 14 Parmaphorus unguis 110. Nyctamera annulata 112. parrotfish 60. 1886. Pecten albus 68 pipe-fish 10. " bifrons 134 Platycerus Adelaidae 114. Pectunculus radians 78, 134. Platonychus bipustulatus 18 peewit, blackbreasted 54, 68. Plover, spurwing 8, 78, 100. Pelecanus conspicillatus 46 " stone 14, 68, 96. pelicans 44, 52, 62, 70, 78, 84, Podargus humeralis 58, 68. Pempsomacra bimaculata 112. Pomatorhinus superciliosus 62. penguin 32, 34, 36, 92, 134. porpoises 60. Pentaroge marmoratus 62 Prosopis 14 Perameles lagotis 70. Psammobia zonalis 104. Peristera chalcoptera 97, 98. Psephotus multicolor 74. "elegans 36, 46. Ptilotis pencillatus 116, 122. Petroica 112 Purpura 134 " Goodenovii 52, 66,72, 76, 106. " textiliosa 130. Phalacrocorax hypoleucus 46. Pythina Deshayesii 4 Phasianella 62. Philine 58 Rabbit 70. Pieris Teutonia 108, 112. Recurvirostra 62 pinkie-toe 70. reed warbler 120. Pinna inermis 132. Rhinobates 68 Pioneer 64. Rhipidura motacilloides 46, 54. 1886. Ringicula australis 50, 60. Seizura inquieta 54, 74, 106. rock cod 18, 48, 56, 60. Semele exigua 78 rosella 114, 118. Semicassis paucirugis 58. roughs 60. Shag 6,8,9 Shark 6, 14, 16, 56, 126, 128. Sandpiper, little 104 " dog 12, 18. Sarciophorus pectoralis 54. " elephant 70. sawfish 126 " hammerhead 4. sawfly 32 "tiger 50. Saxicava arctica 62. Silago Bassensis 32. Scarites 54. silver-eye 62, 68, 80, 102.

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Schizorrhina 10, 12. Sittella pileata 72, 74, 106, 110. "18 skate 10, 60 schnapper 4, 16, 48, 58. skipper 32, 78. Schoeniclus albescens 104. snake, black 94 Scintilla lunata 14, 66, 110, 132 "black & brown 96 "McDougalli 109, 110, 131, 132. "brown 60. scissorsgrinder 54, 106. snook 12. scorpions 68 Spheniscus minor 32, 46. seal 36 Sphyraena Novae Hollandiae 12 sea-urchins 10, 62, 110. spider, bite of 48 1886. spider, trapdoor 74 Tapes fabagella 78 sponge 2, 134. Telephora 34, squid 56, 60. Tellina donacioides 122 starfish, black 10 tern, Bass Strs. 8, 132 " branched 66. "large 94, 104. Sterna strenua 46, 94. "little 8, 110, 130. Sternulla Nereis 8, 132. Tetrodon 6, 60. Stigmoderae 100. Thalasseus poliocercus 132. Stigmodera 8 – maculata 112 Thalotia conica 62 " 8 – spilota 112 thickhead 80, 82. "vegeta 112 thrush 70. " 112 Tinnunculus cenchroides 26, 46. "sanguinea 114 Tribonyx 122 stingray 10, 16. " ventralis 51, 52. Strepera arguta 46, 102. Trichoglossus porphyriocephalus 112, 114. Strongylocentrotus eurythrogramma 10, 110 ."concinnus 118. Sula australis 10. Triforis 50, 68. swallow, white-necked 100. Trochocochlea 134. Sylochelidon strenuus 46, 94, 104. Truncatella scalarina 50. Synemon 124. Turbo lamellosus 42, 134. turkey, wild 42. 1886. Vanessa itea 54, 58, 108. Xema Jamesonii 46 Venus 4 Xenica Klugii 106. Venus tiara 58. " achanta 122 Vincentia Waterhousei 61, 62. Voluta fulgetrum 126, 130. Zizyphinus chlorostomus 78. "undulata 38. Wagtail 106. wallaby 78, 82, 84, 86, 102, 116. wasp 4, 8. waterhen 4 \5/2 wattle-bird 26, 76, 82, 98.

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weevils 110 " brick red 110 white-face 68 whiting 6, 12, 16, 18, 48, 54, 56, 60. "silver 32. woodswallow 106, 108. wren, blue 114, 116.

Index for 1887.

Acanthiza chrysorrhea 236, 244, 248, 260 Aspergillum multangulare 173 " dusky 226, 260 Avicula Georgiana 152, 172, 208 Acanthochites 152, 218 Axius 262 " Zealandius 173, 174. Antlion 148, 158. Acanthogenys rufogularis 210 Acera soluta 144, 166. Bankivia varians 206 Agarista 164, 172, 178 Barbatia laminata 204, 260. Anatina Angasi 144, 166, 178, 180 "trapezia 200 "creccina 144, 166, 178, 180 Barnea Australasiae 186. " 202, 226. " similis 144, 162, 186. " gracilis 206, 236. beetles, water 246 Ancillaria marginata 175, 176, 250. Bela australis 214 Anguillaria australis 206 bird, like lark 240, 242, 258. Anthophora 142 " " scissorsgrinder 256. Ardicis fulvo-hirta 240 Bittium granarium 262 Artamus personatus 248, 250, 254, 256. Bolboceras 176, 238. " sordidus 248 brachiopods 190, 192. "superciliosus 250, 254. bream, striped 164 Ascalaphus 158 Buccinulus 144 Ascidia 170 "intermedius 188. 1887. Bulimus Adelaidae 210 Cerithiopsis marmorata 214 butcherbird 244 "crocea 214 butterbirdfish 178 Chama cristella 168 Chactodon ocellipennis 175, 176 Cancellaria undulata 176, 188, 202, 250. Chamostrea albida 252. " spirata 168 Chione sp. 154 Canthiridus Leseueri 212, 214. " gallinula 226, 236, 250. Capulus subfuscus 214 " lamellata 154, 172, 226, 248, 250. Cardita obliquissima 212 " strigosa 158, 248. " rosulenta 192 " undulosa 212. Carditella subtrigona 180 Chitonellus Gunni 150, 262. Cardium cygnorum 144, 146, 148, Chlaenius australais 146, 156, 208.

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226. " pulchellum 140, 178. Chione laevigata 176 " tenuicostatum 172, 208, 252. Cingulina spina 168, 262. Carenum anthracinum 240 Circe corrugata 166, 180. Cassis fimbriata 168, 204 Cithara compta 212, 214. "semigranosa 188 Clanculus gibbosus 212, 214. caterpillars, velvety 234 "nodo-liratus 212, 214, 262. " tufted 238 "undatus 188, 254. " hairy 240 "sp. 214 " leafroller 208 Clathurella crassina 220. 1887. Coelodon 196, 200. Crossea concinna 258 Collocalia arborea 258 crow 236, 244, 260. Columbella seimconsexa 212, 214 Crypta immersa 170,172,180,262. " Lincolnensis 214 Cryptospira globosum 180. "212, 214 Cryptospira cymbalum 144, 212, 230 " 214 cuckoo 210 comet 148 Cuculus inornatus 210 Conus anemone 164 cuttle-bone 208 " rutilis 172, 204. Cylichna arachis 228 coral 180 Cypraea bicolor 164, 260 Correa speciosa 206 "Reevei 214, 216 Corbula tunicata 140, 212 "thersites 262. crab, spider 160, 170 " , blue 178 Danais Chrysippus 140, 168, 262. " round 170 Deiopeia pulchella 236, 240 " squat 170 Diloma Adelaidae 214 " claws 210 " odontis 262 " hermit 162 Diodon 58 Cracticus destructor 244. Diplodonta Tasmanica 228 Crassatella castanea 162 " globularis 228 crickets 156 "sp. 228. 1887 Donax epidermia 176 Euchelus baccatus 212, 214. " cardioides 214 Eunice 262 " sordidus 160, 228. Euryta pulchella 177, 178. Dosinia crocea 144, 154, 171, 174. "grata 142, 144, 154, 166, 252. Fasciolaria coronata 262 dottrel, hooded 224, 226. " fusiformis 208. duck, mountain 216 fiddler 140, 168. Dyticus 246 fish, like Chaetodon Fissurella nigrita 164, 212, 214, 262. Egret 244 flathead 178 elater 146 flounder 178

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Elenchus apicinus 176, 186 Fusus crebriliratus 162 " badius 152, 176. " Lincolnensis 214, 220 Emarginula candida 212 "pyrulatus 204, 252. "dilecta 212 "Tasmaniensis 250. "emarginata 170, 178, 180 " rugosa Galathea 170 " Tasmaniae gannet 210 Epidromus Bednalli 198 garfish 176 Erato bimaculata 172, 228 Gastrochaena Tasmanica 172. " lachryma 212, 228, 236. geese 252. 1887. Gena auricula 262 Holothuria 170 Gibbula Preissiana 214, 262. Honey-eater, spinycheeked 210, 254. Glyphis Jukesi 192. Hydrobius 246 Goniocidaris 204. Hypoxis pusilla 206 Gracalus melanops 252. gray Peter 254, 250, 256. Iguana 158 greenie 230, 244 Gryllopagurus lithodomus 146, 154, Julidomorpha Bakewelli 148. 164, 262 Guldax 244 gull, Pacific 158. Kangaroo-bird 216, 232, 236, 242. Kellia solida 228. Haliotis excavata 154 Kennedya, scarlet 206 "glabra 146 " monophylla, 208 " naevosa 146 Kestrel 252 "rugoso-plicata 130, 154, 164, 210, 262. Kingfisher 158 Haminea brevis 172, 174. Lacon costipennis 176 Helix arenicola 207, 208 lark 232, 258. Hemimactrasp.228. Lasea rubra 212 Heleronympha Merope 166 leatherjacket 178, 252. Hiaticula monacha 226. Lepidopleurus 154, 168, 262. 1887. Lepton australe 144. Lycaena serpentata 237. " trigonale Lyria mitraeformis 146, 180. Lilac, native 208 Lima angulata 170, 172, 180, 220. Macoma Mariae 148, 158, 180. "bullata 144 Macrochisma producta 150, 262 " multicostata 148, 158, 166, 174, 198, 202. " Tasmaniae 212 Mactra Jacksoniensis 182 Limea austrina 218, 228 "pusilla 212, 214, 218. Limopsis Bassi 146, 168. "pura 162, 204. "Belcheri " ovalina 144, 170, 186, 204. locust 164 " rufescens 206.

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" golden-winged 176 magpie 142, 216, 230, 236, 242, 244. Lucina crassilirata 154 Malleus vulsellatus 180 " fabula 144, 146, 168. Mallodon tardum 146, 160. "concentrica 204 Mangelia anomala 212, 220. "Tatei 144, 146, 150, 260. "Vincentiana 188 Lutraria dissimilis 144, 168, 188, "Meredithae 188, 212, 214 Lycaena alsulus 231, 237 Mantis 260 "biocellata 237, 248 " religiosa 160. "Boetica 246 Marginella cymbalum 144, 212, 230. "Heathii 248 " denticulata 230. 1887. Marginella tridentata 230. mullet, red 168, 252. "turbinata 212, 214, 228. Murex Angasi 212. "volutiformis 228 "octogonus 148, 174. Marginellidae, fossil 190. "pumilus 170, 178, 212. martin 258. "triformis 140, 158. Megachile 156. muttonbird 174 Meroe Aliciae 198, 212, 214, 218. Myodora angustata 212, 228 Mesodesma elongata 144, 148. "brevis 180 Minlacowie 140, 142, 144, 152, 154, 252. "ovata 140, 212. Mitra Lincolnensis 208 Mytilicardia crassicostata 176, 186, 212. "Rosettae 214 Mytilus hirsutus 144 "Tatei 206, 246. "rostratus Modiola albicosta 198. " Menkeanus Modiolaria barbata 212, 246. Mysella donaciformis 168, 204, 212. "Cumingiana 246, 262. "Paulucciae 246. Natica Marochiensis = sagittata 154, 168, Monocanthus Baueri 176 180, 212. morepork 210 "umbilicata 212, 230. moth, grey spotted 178 Nassa Jonasi 156, 220 " tufted 234 "pauperata 156 mullet 148 nautilus 252. 1887. Nucula micans 150, 158, 168. parrot 250, 254. Nyctamera annulata 146, 164, 178, Parmophorus unguis 150, 154, 164, 262. 232, 234, 238. Pecten asperrimus 172, 180, 188, 208. "Bednalli 188, 212. Odostomia eburnea 258 " bifrons 170, 180. Ogyris amaryllis 146. " fumatus 170, 180, 252. Olistherops cyanomelus 252. Pectunculus flabellatus 188 Oliva australis 148, 176, 214. " obliquus 206, 226. Oreoica cristatus 210. "radians 198, 160, 212. Oryctes Mullerianus 231, 232. Pectoral rail 234.

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Osmia 156 peewit 206 Ostracion ornatus 154, 240 penguin 182, 220, 222. oystercatcher pied 224 Phasianella 214, 218. "sooty 206 Philine aperta 172, 200, 202. owl, spotted 216 Phyllopteryx 180, 220. "white 245. Pieris Aganippe 160, 248. " Teutonia 168. Pandora 178, 180, 196. Pinna inermis 158, 180. "rostrata 200. Placuanomia Ione 180 Panopia australis 248 plover, spurwing 216 Pardalotus striatus 230, 232, 258. " stone 230. 1887 porpoise 154. Saxicava arctica 172, 192. Puffinus brevicaudus 173, 174. Sarciophorus pectoralis 206. Pupa australis 208, 210. Scalaria australis 214 Purpura Flindersi 262. "granosa 214. "textiliosa 164, 262. Scintilla lunata 150, 154, 262. Pythina Deshayesiana 152, 168. "McDougalli 150. "Tasmanica 150. scissors grinder 246, 254, 256. Schizorrhina 156, 158, 162. Queen Mary fish 178. schnapper 168 Semele exigua 140, 158, 182. Rail 232, 234 Senecio 238. rabbits 252. shark 148, 178, 258, 262. Ringicula australis 182, 220. Siphonalia fuscozonata 214, 220. Rissoina crassa 212 Sittella 244, 256, 260. "lirata 212 snake 142 " 214, 262 soldierfish 178. "178. Solemya australis 200 rockcod 168, 252 Solen vaginoides 152, 180, 250. rough 178 Soletellina donacioides 236. Spheniscus minor 182 Sawfly 176. Spondylus tenellus 148, 252. 1887. squid 254 toadfish 158, 254. starfish, 4-fingers 202 Trigonorhina fasciata 140 " purple 5-fingers 202. Triphoris Pfeifferi 220. Sterna strenua 166 Triton Bassi 144 "poliocercus 166 "subdistortus 198. Sternula Nereis 166. Trivia australias 230. Stigmodera suturalis 146. Trochita calyptraeformis 146, 170, 180, 2(figures missing) Stomatella imbricata 262. Trophon Flindersi 164. Strongylocentrotus eurythrogramma 192 Truncatella scalarina 246.

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Succinea australis 210. Tugalia parmaphoridea 164 swallow 248, 258 Turbo Gruneri 176, 204. swan 252. "lamellosus 224 swifts 156. "undulatus 146. Turbonilla Hofmani 212. Tellina albinella 202, 204. Turritella clathrata 180 "decussata 260. "Aldingae 190. "subdiluta 228. "tenuilirata 220, 228. Ulva 152 Teredo 200 Unis depressus 236 Terias smilax 140, 260. " vittatus 236. Thalotia pulcherrima 212, 214. 1887. Vanessa cardui 232, 238. Zizyphinus Brandianus 174 "itea 178, 232. "chlorostomus 174 "velleda 236, 242. Velella 154 Venerupis crenata 204 "Cumingi 188 Voluta fulgetrum 162, 164. "undulata 214. Vulsella ovata 168.

Wagtail 142, 248, 256, 258. waterbeetle 244 wattlebird 244 weedfish 178 whiting 164, 178, 252, 254. woodswallow, dusky 258.

Xenica Klugii 262.

Zeuzera eucalypti 172 Zizyphinus armillatus 158, 174, 208.

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