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Dynamics of Land Use /Land Cover Changes and Its Impact on Land Surface Temperature in the Keleghai River Basin, West Bengal, India: a Remote Sensing Approaches

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Dynamics of Land Use /Land Cover Changes and Its Impact on Land Surface Temperature in the Keleghai River Basin, West Bengal, India: a Remote Sensing Approaches International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 12, Issue 2, February-2021 579 ISSN 2229-5518 Dynamics of Land Use /Land Cover changes and Its Impact on Land Surface Temperature in The Keleghai River Basin, West Bengal, India: A Remote Sensing Approaches. Mr. Goutam Kumar Das M.Phil. Student of Department of Earth Science, Vidyasagar University, Medinipur, W.B, India Abstract: Land surface temperature is an important factor to play and change that estimate radiation budget and control the heat balance at the earth’s surface. Rapid population growth and changing the existing patterns of Land Use/Land Cover (LU/LC) globally, which is consequently increasing the land surface temperature (LST). The transformation of LU/LC due to rapid Built-up land expansion significantly affects the functions of Biodiversity and ecosystems as well as local and regional climates. This study evaluates the impact of LU/LC changes on LST for 2000, 2010 and 2020 in the keleghai River Basin using multi-temporal and multi-spectral Landsat-7 TM and Landsat-8 OLI satellite data sets. Our results indicated that, Built-up area and Brick kiln area were 1070.06 km2 and 46.18 km2 and decreased water bodies, agricultural land, agricultural fallow land and scrub land are 1382.13 km2, 4196.14 km2, 1529.95 km2 and 24.59 km2 respectively in the last 20 year in the study area. The distribution of changes in LST shows the Built-up area and Brick kiln area recorded the highest mean temperature and increased 26.72oC – 40.34oC and 29.28oC – 41.34oC respectively. The study demonstrates decreased in water bodies, scrub lands, agricultural lands, agricultural fallow lands and increased in the Built-up land and Brick kiln area which significantly increased Land Surface Temperature in the study area. Remote sensing and GIS techniques were found, one of the most suitable for rapid analysis of Built-up area and Brick kiln area expansion and to identify the Impact of the urbanization on Land Surface Temperature (LST). Keywords: LU/LC, LST, Remote Sensing and GIS, Urbanization. 1. INTRODUCTION: surface to play an important role in the study and modeling for global climate change. Multi-spectral image of a remote sensing system is an important source that widely available Rapidly growing urban population is important role to to produce and analysis land use and land cover changes. significantly change the LU/LC and impacts on the Land These multi-spectral data capable to provide up to surface temperature (Argueso et al., 2014, Bahi et al., 2016; temporally, synoptic view and repeatedly coverage of land Habitat, 2016). The changes in Land use/Land Cover is an IJSERsurface characteristics (Hegazy and Kallop, 2015, Zha et al., environmental and regulated process but cannot be 2003). Land Surface Temperature (LST) is completely stopped. Land use, including land transformation from one related to the physical process of surface temperature that to another type and land cover are modification of land provides information on temporal variation of earth surface through the land use management, which vastly alteration energy changes. it is importance factor to play for a large portion of the earth’s land surface to satisfy monitoring vegetation ,built-up area and climate change .so mankind indicated demand for natural resource today it is a serious environmental issue(Sahoo et (Rahman,2007). A popular issue in the research community al,2016).Remote sensing and GIS techniques are also relation to environmental changes and sustainable effective and powerful tools for analysis of Land Use /Land development considered of the relationship between land Cover changes and retrieval Land surface Temperature surface temperature and land use /land cover changes (Dewan and corner,2013.,Lilly,2009.,Scarano and sobrino (Muhammad Amir Siddique et al., 2019). Brick Kiln 2015;Zhon et al.,2011).The Land Surface Temperature and Industry is faster growing industrial sector in the both sides Vegetation Indices have been also collective in a scatter plot of Keleghai River. During Brick processing, the burning of to get the temperature–vegetation space which reveal the fossil fuel is required where the release of gasses and other chronological trajectory of pixcels ranging from low subsequences have potential harmful effects to the health as temperature high vegetation conditions to high well as on the Environment (Rahaman saidur, 2015). Land temperature vegetation conditions as an results of surface is combination of vegetation, water bodies, scrub urbanization method(Amiri et al,2009;Lim et al,2009;Weng land, agricultural lands, etc., so as a results land surface is et al,2004).A variety of studies and demonstrated the varied Land surface Temperature spatially and temporally. LU/LC changes and impacts on land surface Temperature Thermal band of multi-spectral satellite image can be using multi-dimensional remote sensing data (Ahmed utilized for retrieval and study terrestrial surface ,2011;celik et al.,2019;Dewan and temperature. Land surface temperature on the earth’s IJSER © 2021 http://www.ijser.org International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 12, Issue 2, February-2021 580 ISSN 2229-5518 Corner,2013;Lilly,2009;aduako et al.,2016;Mallick et al ,2008.,pal and Ziaul,2017;Shatanawl and Abn Qdies;Tran et al.,2017).Land surface Temperature are essential environmental phenomena of the earth surface that is directly influence by LU/LC changes with implications for the study micro climatic changes and environmental impacts(Abreu-Harbich,Labaki and atzarakis,2014;Feng,Liu and Qu,2014;Sobrino;Jimenez-Munoz and Paolini,2004;Walaweder et al.,2014).However, this type of the study has not carried out for whole west Bengal. Keleghai river basin are covered in the Medinipur and Jhargram district in west Bengal to shows tremendous LU/LC changes and increase in land surface temperature that are one of the predominate problems due to the hues brick kiln industry development and urbanization in the last 20 years.Therfore,the present study investigates the effects of LU/LC changes on LST for the year of 2000,2010, and 2020 in the keleghai river basin using multi-spectral image of Landsat ETM+ and Landsat 8 OLI satellite Figure-1; Location of the Study area. datasets. 3. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY: 2. STUDY AREA: The present study includes with multi-temporal Landsat 7 Keleghai river basin in the Medinipur and Jhargram ETM+ (Enhance Thematic Mapper) and Landsat OLI district is developed large number of the brick kiln industry (Operational Land Imager) satellite image (with path /row in the both side of the river Bank (Figure-1).Keleghai river is 139/45) obtained from US Geological Survey (USGS) basin is located in north-western part of the east Medinipur website (https://earth explorer .usgs.gov) on the 22th,24th and southern part and western part of the Jhargram district and 15th of July 2000, 2010, and 2020 respectively).All the between 21°59'35.97"N to 22°24'6.854"N and satellite images contain 30 m / 30 m spatial resolution 87°49'54.683"E to 87°5'53.453"E .Topographically ,surface (Level 1 terrain corrected product) were projected to UTM elevation ranging from 4 m to 102 m and 60% of total area zone 45 North projection using WGS-84 datum. Each of the fall with the 60-80 m altitudeIJSER and 70% area falls under the moderate to moderately steep slope(5o – 20o) including soil Landsat images pre-processing was radiometric calibration, erosion and soil type are alluvial plain with clay and atmospheric correction and enhancing using histogram alluvial coastal loamy soil. However, climate, soil, slope, equalization techniques to performed a higher contrast of vegetation, Built-up land etc. are most importance factors the images. Supervised Images classification were prepared on influence Land Surface Temperature (LST). Area is by maximum likelihood techniques and change detection 1926.75 km2 and consists of 25 villages. It predominantly was carried out by matrix union function, retrieve Land has sub-tropical with monsoon climate. The average Surface Temperature (LST) and calculated Normalized temperature is between 20oC to 24oC with average annual Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) using in ERDAS precipitation 116 mm and highest intensity precipitation imagine 2013 software and LST distribution mapping were June to September. Total amount of precipitation in the conducted in Arc Map 10.1 software. Validated Land four-monsoon month for more than half of the total amount Surface Temperature (LST) correlated between estimated precipitation during the year of the study area. LST from remotely sensed data and LST data produced from the Indian Metrological Department (IMD) for the year July 2000, 2010 and 2020 in the day time. The detailed information regarding the data given in table -1, after, supervised images classification accuracy check was performed by GPS survey and photographs are taken in collecting the ground truth data in 2020 and prepare accuracy assessment of classified images has been made IJSER © 2021 http://www.ijser.org International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 12, Issue 2, February-2021 581 ISSN 2229-5518 through kappa coefficient statistics to validate the post Landsat-7, ETM+ and Lanadast-8, OLI classification analysis. (2000, 2010, 2020) Image Pre-processing Geometric Correction Radiometric Correction Atmospheric Correction Input Thermal Band (Band-6, 10) NDVI (NIR-R/NIR+R) Vegetation Proportion Convert Thermal Band to Spectral Radiance Convert
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