Final Report on Freshwater Fish Survey

Period 2 years (22/04/2013 - 21/04/2015)

Area of Study

PURBA MEDINIPUR DISTRICT

West Bengal Biodiversity Board

GENERAL INFORMATION:

Title of the project

DOCUMENTATION OF DIVERSITY OF FRESHWATER FISHES OF WEST BENGAL

Area of Study to be covered

PURBA MEDINIPUR DISTRICT

Sanctioning Authority:

The West Bengal Biodiversity Board, Government of West Bengal

Sanctioning Letter No. Memo No. 239/3K(Bio)-2/2013 Dated 22-04-2013

Duration of the Project: 2 years : 22/04/2013 - 21/04/2015

Principal Investigator : Dr. Tapan Kr. Dutta, Asstt. Professor in Life Sc. and H.O.D., B.Ed. Department, Panskura Banamali College, Purba Medinipur

Joint Investigator: Dr. Priti Ranjan Pahari, Asstt. Professor in Zoology , Tamralipta Mahavidyalaya, Purba Medinipur

Acknowledgement

We express our indebtedness to The West Bengal Biodiversity Board, Government of West Bengal for financial assistance to carry out this project. We express our gratitude to Dr. Soumendra Nath Ghosh, Senior Research Officer, West Bengal Biodiversity Board, Government of West Bengal for his continuous support and help towards this project.

Prof. (Dr.) Nandan Bhattacharya, Principal, Panskura Banamali College and Dr. Anil Kr. Chakraborty, Teacher-in-charge, Tamralipta Mahavidyalaya, Tamluk, Purba Medinipur for providing laboratory facilities. We are also thankful to Dr. Silanjan Bhattacharyya, Profesasor, West Bengal State University, Barasat and Member of West Bengal Biodiversity Board for preparation of questionnaire for fish fauna survey and help render for this work. Gratitude is extended to Dr. Nirmalys Das, Associate Professor, Department of Geography, Panskura Banamali College, Purba Medinipur for his cooperation regarding position mapping through GPS system and help to finding of location waterbodies of two district through special GeoSat Software. Authors would like to express thanks to Mr. Asish Kr. Adak, Assistant Professor, Panskura Banamali College, Mr. Tapas Kr. Maity, ex-student Vidyasagar University, Sattwik Sasmal, Sagnik Mondal, Prabir Pusti, Sabyasachi Bhattacharya of Tamralipta Mahavidyalaya for continuous help for location mapping and continuous assistance during field survey. Before concluding the pleasant task of acknowledgement, we express our heartfelt thanks to Mr. Lakhmikanta Banerjee, Mr. Tapan Das, Mr. Tapan Kr. Ghorai, and Mr. Shubhendu Maity, Panskura Banamali College for their help.

Dr. Priti Ranjan Pahari Dr. Tapan Kr. Dutta Joint Investigator Principal Investigator

Format for Final Database-2015

1. Region Surveyed: Purba Medinipur and paschim Medinipur District

2. Surveyed by :

a. Dr. Tapan Kr. Dutta Associate Professor if Life-Sciences, Panskura

Banamali College, Panskura R.S., Purba Medinipur and

b. Dr. Priti Rn. Pahari, Assistant Professor in Zoology, Tamralipta

Mahavidyalaya, Tamluk, Purba Medinipur

3. Duration of the Survey : From 22-04-2013 To 21-04-2015

4. Database of surveyed water bodies: Format A1 and A2

5. Database of fishes in the surveyed water bodies and region : Format B

6. Conclusive report (text) on the observations by the surveyor : (3000-5000 words on

the past, present status and future of water bodies and freshwater fishes in the

surveyed region)

Table of Content Page No.

I. INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………… 1

II. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES ………………………………………………………. 2

III. PLAN OF WORK …………………………………………………………………. 2

IV. METHODOLOGY ………………………………………………………………… 3

A. SOURCE ……………………………………………………………………………... 3 B. COLLECTION PRESERVATION AND IDENTIFICATION ………. 3 C. STUDY SITES ………………………………………………………………. 4 i. District: Purba Medinipur ………………………………………. 4

V. METHODS OF STUDY…………………………………………………………… 16

i. Net sampling …………………………………………………………… 16 ii. Survey and sampling Time and schedule……………………………… 16 iii. Preservation of collected samples……………………………………… 16 iv. Travelling details to carry out the surveys……………………………… 17 v. Logistics and Accessories used…………………………………………… 17 vi. Equipment used ………………………………………………………… 17

VI. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ……………………………………. 18

VII. RECOMMENDATION ……………………………………………. 174

VII. REFENCES ……………………………………………………… 183

List of Tables:

Format A1: Database of smaller water bodies (e.g. Ponds, Nayanjuli, etc) surveyed in the region Paschim Medinipur during 22-04-13 To 21-04-15……………. 67

Format B: Fish fauna (include edible crustaceans also) ……………………………. 103

Table - 1 List of ichthyofauna………………………………………………………..

Table: 2: List of ichthyofauna recorded in the stagnant and running water………… 115

List of Figures & Plates: Figures:

Fig. 1 River Map for Purba Medinipur showing river network…………………. 05

Fig. 2: Block map of the Purba Medinipur District…………………………….. 06

Fig. 3 Soil & River basin map of Purba Medinipur District (Source: NRDMS 07 Centre, Office of the Disrict Magistrate & Collector, Purba Medinipur)….

Fig. 4. River and canal map of Purba Medinipur District (Source: NRDMS 08 Centre, Office of the Disrict Magistrate & Collector, Purba Medinipur)

Fig. 5 Flood prone areas of West Bengal: (Source WBPCB)…………………… 10

Fig. 6 Relative abandance of orders of fishes (Total)…………………………… 181

Fig. 7 Relative abundance of Families of Siluriformes of Paschim Medinipur….. 181

Fig. 8 Relative abundance of Families of Cypriniformes of Paschim Medinipur… 182

Fig. 9 Relative abundance of Families of Perciformes of Paschim Medinipur….. 182

Plates:

Plates 1 : Some important sampling sites of Paschim Medinipur District where survey and instant sampling already undertaken during the study………… 13

Plate: 2 : Macrophyte diversity (Common macrophyte and Hydrophytees) ………. 21

Plates. 3: Photographs showing different methods of fishing practices were used 26 relating to heir different habitats in both the districts……………………..

Plate : 15-16 Water birds associated with the wetlands………………………………….. 29 I. INTRODUCTION

Purba Medinipur and Paschim Medinipur were formed after the partition of Midnapore district, on January 1, 2002. It exists between 21°38′ N to 22°31′ N and 87°27′E to 88°12′ E. The District is surrounded by Ghatal Sub-division of Paschim Medinipur District in the north, Bay of Bengal in the south, Paschim Medinipur district in the west and Hoogly Rupnarayan River in the East. (Rupnarayan River separates this district from Howrah district.). Tamluk, Haldia, Contai and Egra are its 4 subdivisions. The district comprises of 25 Blocks and 5 Municipalities. The Hoogly Rupnarayan flows between Howrah and this district. Other rivers running through this district are Haldi, Keleghai, Cossey and Rasulpur .The southern coastal area is traversed by tidal creeks and narrow channels like the Talpati Khal and Pichhabani Khal.

The area of the Purba Medinipur is 4151.64 Km2. The total population of the Purba Medinipur is 4417377 out of which total fisherman population is about 154207 among which 51723 people are engaged in inland sector and 102484 in marine sector. There are about 143 primary fishermen co-operative society in this district. Total annual production of the fish is about 121882 mt among which 34108 mt is fresh water fishes. Purba Midnapur have predominant with the brakhish water prevalant areas (5227.00 ha). The inshore and offshore areas of Bay of Bengal in the Purba Midnapore districts are respectively 777 Sq. km. and 1813 Sq. km.

For the sustainable socioeconomic development, a database on fish biodiversity is essential as a decision making platform for the conservation and management of fish resources and protection and preservation of threatened species and mitigation of anthropogenic activities so as to fulfill district’s biological diversity of ichthyofauna. In the proposed work an attempt would be made to prepare a consolidated list of fish and to assess their diversity and that status of Purba Medinipur districts. Fish faunal diversity of the West Bengal is more or less well understood (Day, 1878; Shaw and Shebbeare, 1937; Sen, 1985; Jayaram, 1981; Beavan, 1990; Pillai, 1929; Hora and Law, 1941; Talwar and Jhingran, 1991; Easa and Shaji, 1995; Jayram, 1999; Menon, 1999; and Kurup and Ranjit 2002. Sen (1992) published a list of 171 freshwater fishes from West Bengal. Mishra et al. (2003) published Icthyofanal diversity of South West Bengal (Midnapore, Bankura and Haldi district) describing 103 species belonging to 76 genera under 33 families and 11 order. Barman (2007) published a list of 239 species belonging to 147 genera, 49 families and 15 orders including 12 species of exotic fish. 59 of the threatened fresh water fish species of India are found in West Bengal (Molur and Walke, 1998; and Menon, 1999, 2004. The factors responsible for the threats to these have also

Page | 1 been identified by Menon (2004). However, no comprehensive work has so far been done on the icthyofaunal diversity of Purba Medinipur Districts. Keeping this in view the present project is being envisaged.

II. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES :

The main objectives of the present study are: a. General : General information regarding the area selected envisaged wetlands for study: a) Physical features, ponds, tanks, jheels diches, nayanjuly etc. b) The area of the Wetland c) Demographic profile of the people and their dependence on fish diversity and d) Problems encountered by the village people towards utilization and conservation of fish faunal diversity. b. Fauna: Specific objectives are a. To prepare an up-to-date Record/list of the freshwater fish in Purba and Paschim Medinipur District. b. To record the numerical abundance of ichthyofauna of this region. c. To generate economic and ecological information on the fish species as well as causes of threats there is. d. To evaluate the conservation status of these fish. e. To suggest appropriate conservation and management strategies with reference to the districts concerned.

III. PLAN OF WORK:

The pilot survey on proposed work started and several selected spot were identified and survey and sampling were started accordingly.

 In the first phase, a pilot survey were undertaken for the selection of the sampling sites and 44 sampling sites in the Purba Medinipur district and 50 sampling sites in Paschim Medinipur District were identified. During this phase instant sampling were also done 22 site in Purba Medinipur and 28 in the Paschim Medinipur.

Page | 2

 In the second phase, detailed survey and sample collection conducting for the collection and identification of the diversity of fishes. Proper documentation (photographic, video) of the collected specimens simultaneously done in this phase. Socioeconomic survey of the region also recorded with the help of interview on the basis of local fisherman.

 In the third and final stage the collected information would be properly analysed, arranged and database information along with identification key, photograph based species wise catalogue, would be prepared so as to provide a complete and comprehensive information regarding fish biodiversity of these two district could be achieved at a glance.

IV. METHODOLOGY :

A. SOURCE:

The present investigation has been conducted in freshwater lentic and lotic systems in Purba Medinipur and Paschim Medinipur District, West Bengal, India.

B. COLLECTION PRESERVATION AND IDENTIFICATION:

In the present study fish were collected from the enlisted sampling sites in Purba Medinipur District specially most of the large and reservoir type watebodies including Pools, Ponds, Jhils, Nayanzooli, Khals, Bills, Bandhs, Swamps, Kharnri, Riever covering most of the blocks of the Purba Medinipur District (22°57´10´´ - 21°36´33´´N and 88°21´40´´ - 86°33´50´´E). Fish sampling was carried whenever applicable with the help of gill nets, cast nets and dragnets wherever applicable. The density and time duration of gill nets were standardised as far as possible. The nets of varying mesh sizes (l inch x 2 no., 2 inch x 2 no., and 5 inch x 1 no), were chosen and laid in an approximate area of 200 x 200 sq m. The length of the net was maintained to 100 meters. In case of cast net a sampling, transects with an approximate length of 100 meters along the banks were laid with 20 castings in each location. Benthic habitats were sampled using hooks. Properly labeled samples were preserved in 4% formaldehyde solution. For identification of the specimens, standard keys (Talwar and Jhingran, 1991; Jayaram 1981; Jayaram, 1996; Day 1978) were used.

Page | 3

The information regarding the fishes at the nearby areas also investigated and recorded from the feedback of local fishermans and knowlegable persons associated in concerning with the fisheries over the years. In sich cases mainly focoused on the availability of the specific fishes of interest.

C. STUDY SITES Purba Medinipur district is the area of this present investigation. In the pilot survey 44 in Purba Medinipur District has been initially selected. In most of the cases large and unique undisturbed water bodies having full of hydrophytes has been identified in Purba Medinipur District. Considered as sampling sites. In other cases managed and polluted water bodies (i.e. high drain in the Municipality area) also considered for the sampling. Among this sampling sites, 22 in Purba Medinipur District has already surveyed in pilot survey (marked as blue circle) where the instant sampling was made and the remaining identified sampling sites that is completed during the 2nd phase of survey. The nature, areas, vegetation coverage, types of hydrophytes present, depth, water circulation pattern etc were under process of analysis and will be included in details in the final report (some of these water bodies are given as photographs in the study sites).

District: Purba Medinipur

Rivers and Topography The main rivers in Purba Medinipur are Rupnarayan, Kangsabati, Cossey, Keleghai, Haldi, and Rosulpur. The longest river is Kangsabati (although only part of it is in the district), followed by Rupnarayan and Haldi. O'Malley's Gazetteer gives a precise description about these rivers. Rupnarayan enters the district in Paschim Madinipur's Ghatal and then follows a south-easterly course to Tamluk. From here it takes a bend toward the east and finally falls into the Haldi river. The Haldi river is a major tributary of the Haldi river south of the Rupnarayan river. It is formed in the confluence of the Kasai and Keleghai rivers opposite to Tengrakhali on the western side of Tamluk. It finally flows south-east to the sea. Kasai is the principal tributary of the Haldi river, which enters the district in the north-west from Bankura. Keleghai is the second important tributary of Haldi river. The Rasulpur is the third tributary of Haldi river. This river originated as Bagda in Paschim Medinipur and flows through Purba Medinipur to Haldi river.

Page | 4

The major canal in the district is the Midnapore canal whose construction started in 1866 by the East India Irrigation and Canal Company. The main canal, as described by O'Malley in his gazetteer, consists of four sections. Two sections of the canal fall in the Purba Medinipur district. The first starts from Midnapore near river Kasai and terminates in the same River Kasai in Panskura, spanning about 25 miles. The second extends from Panskura to Dainan on the Rupnarayan, spanning about 12 miles. Midanpore canal was a major source of irrigation for the predominantly non-deltaic region to the left of Panskura. The Hijli tidal canal estended from Geonkhali near the junction of the Rupnarayan and Haldi rivers to the Haldi river, and thereafter to the Rasulpur river at Kalinagar. The total length was 29 miles. This canal's construction started in 1868 and was completed in 1873.

Fig. 1: River Map for Purba Medinipur showing river network

The above maps clearly exhibit that the district is well endowed with rivers and canals. On one hand many of the blocks in the Northern, eastern and southern parts are

Page | 5 bounded my rivers or the sea. Some of the rivers like Kangsabati, Cossey and Keleghai have crisscrossed the district from west to east. Some others like Rupnarayan and Haldi have benefited the eastern and northern parts of the district. The only part of the district which has less access to rivers is the blocks in the Egra sub-division. The district is well endowed with canals. Also, the numerous drainage canals like Talpati and Sola canals in some cases allow river waters to come inwards at times of tides and floods and this helps in the irrigation of the respective blocks without much maintenance costs. This is known as tidal irrigation in Purba Medinipur and is really the meaning of canal irrigation there.

Fig. 2. Block map of the Purba Medinipur District

Page | 6

Fig. 3. Soil & River basin map of Purba Medinipur District (Source: NRDMS Centre, Office of the Disrict Magistrate & Collector, Purba Medinipur)

Page | 7

Fig. 4. River and canal map of Purba Medinipur District (Source: NRDMS Centre, Office of the Disrict Magistrate & Collector, Purba Medinipur)

Page | 8

Demographic Details Let us now look at a closely related issue mentioned in Figure above namely, what is the nature of density of population in Purba Medinipur. It is computed block-wise since the district was not in the Census map in 2001 or 1991. This is important because a high population density itself poses serious challenge to any region in uplifting the economic wellbeing of the population. The Figure below depicts the population density figures: The data above is for the Census of 2001, but that shows Purba Medinipur has a density higher than the average density for the State of West Bengal. It houses 1028 persons for every sqkm. of space whereas the average for West Bengal is 903. In a sense, this is a burden on resources, but at the same time this provides an opportunity for the region to ensure supply of sufficient manpower for development purposes. The natural query in this context is the movement of population density over time. If one compares the population density for the two years 2001 and 1991, one finds an increase in differential of Purba Medinipur's density compared to that of the average for the whole of West Bengal. Thus natural growth of population plus net migration had been relatively more in Purba Medinipur compared to the average for West Bengal. One cannot clearly say whether this for pull of Purba Medinipur or push from neighboring districts, but may be both the factors worked partially here.

Details of the Location Sites from where samples and related information were collected mainly from Canals and Sub-Canals of Purba Medinipur

Most of the nearby markets of the canals and khals of the purba Medinipur District were visited early in the morning on Sundays, holidadays. Samples and information were collected from the local fishersmans and small scales fish shellers from each and every Blocks of Purba Medinipur District. Purba Medinipur is one of the District of the West Bengal that is directly linked with Bay of Bengal. Severals Distributories are directly mixed and feeded with the tidal water in every days and thus typical estuarine therefore forms. Totally brakishwater predominant in the southern part of the district of Purba Medinipur. Several distributories of rivers and other small Khals and Cannals are spreaded all over the region therefore lots of Marine and brakish water fishes are frequently dominant and frequently caught by the local fishersman. Irrigation is locally done by Tidal Water as a results inner ponds and other waterbodies charectaristically exhibited brackish in nature to some extent.

Page | 9

Fig. 5. Flood prone areas of West Bengal: (Source WBPCB)

Page | 10

BLOCKS Small khals, Cannals and Position maps of river, canal, Subcannals khals in the Block 1. Moyna :

Pursa Khal (Distributed near about 5.10 km), Sri Kanrha Khal (7.50 km), Moyna Basin Drainage Khal (6.40 km) and Sridharpur Khal (8.00 km)

2. Haldia :

Tentulberia Khal (4.00 km), Iswarda Khal (10.00 km), Anandakali Khal (8.00 km), Chunamara Khal (6.00 km), Dhabanala Khal (6.00 km), Hatiberia Khal (5.00 km), Chingra Khal (5.00 km), Fulberia Khal (10.00 km), Mansatola Khal (15.00 km), Baharluri Khal (5.00 km), Jhikurkhal Khal (12.00 km)

3. Sutahata:

Tentulberia Khal (3.00 km), Badur Khal (5.00 km), Gajipur Khal (6.00 km), Kukurahati Khal (6.00 km), Bastomchak Khal (8.00 km), Kalagachhia Khal (8.00 km), Horkhali Khal (16.00 km)

4. Mahisadal:

Garughata Khal (8.00 km), Bholsara Khal (3.50 km), Hizlitidal Khal (16.00 km), Madhyaduniya Khal (15.00 km), Tentulberia Khal (8.00 km), Bhangagara Khal (5.00 km), Murarikhali Khal (10.00 km), Kesabpur (I) Khal (6.00 km), Kesabpur (II) Khal (5.00 km)

5. Tamluk :

Deyankhali Khal (1.43 km), Sri Kanthinner Channel & its out fall (0.50 km), Changrakalaganda inner Channel & its out fall (1 km), Srirampur inner Channel and its out fall (1.50 km), Gangakhdi Khal (8.80 km), Pairatungi Khal (7.60 km), Sankarara Khal (11.20 km), Rajyachtalo Khal (6.65 km), Pratapkhali Khal (3.00 km)

Page | 11

6. Shahid Matangini: Banpur Mecheda Khal (6.20 km), Kharui Sankar Khali Khal (1 km), Gobra Khal (1 km), Jamitya Khal (1 km), Mirzapur Khal (6.00 km), Khasrekha Khal (1.20 km), Dipkishore Khal (1.00 km), Barbarisa Khal (0.40 km), Soodghi Khal (13.00 km), Gangakhali Khal (5.00 km), Jayally Khal (2.00 km)

7. Panskura:

Khenai Baxi Khal (4.247 km), Buxi Khal (6.60 km), Deyankhali Khali (3.00 km), Kherai Khal (3.50 km), Piyanjkhali Khal (7 km), Bhasra Khal (5.80 km), Midnapore Main Channel (6 km), Soadighi Khal (4.50 km), Gangakhali Khal ((3.00 km), Kamina Khal (4.00 km)

8. Kolaghat:

Chapda Gagai Khal (2 km), Topa Drainage Channel (5.60 km), Midnapore Main Channel (9 km), Dehati Channel (12.40 km), Murail Khal (3 km), Joygopal Khal (2.20 km), Khorichak Kaneichak Khal (10.00 km), Noaparia Khal (5.50 km), Kolagachhia Khal (6.50 km), Denan Khal (7.40 km), Soadighi Khal (3.00 km), Deulia Khal (1.50 km), Nonachak Khal (1.20 km), Nonakhal (1.95 km)

9. Nandakumar:

Pratapkhali Khal (12.50 km), Tongtala Khal (4.80 km), Chaturia Khal (6.00km), Kirtonia Khal (7.00 km), Bhuniskhali Khal (7.00 km), Namakhali Khal (4.00km), Mohisgote Khal (3.00km), Tripurakhali Khal (6.00km), Dayaldahi Khal (4.50km), Panisithi Khal (5.00 km), Palenkia Khal (3.00 km), Rajokhali Khal (7.00 km), Bagdoba Khal (5.00 km), Maishal Khal (3.00 km), Gagannath Khali Khal (8.00 km), Jhanjia Khal (6.00 km), Volsara Khal (4.75 km), Kalikakhali Khal (6.00 km)

Page | 12

Plates 1: Some important sampling sites of Purba Medinipur District where survey and instant sampling already undertaken during the study.

Rupnarayan River, Dakhin Kolaghat, Purba Khirai Khal at Panskura, Purba Medinipur Medinipur

A typical pond near Mohanpur, Purba Odisha Coast Canal, Kudi, Purba Medinipur filled with huse Nymphoides Medinipur

Telami jhil, Purba Medinipur Sagar Dighi, Egra, Purba Medinipur

Baradighi, Mohanpur, Purba Medinipur A nayanjuli with floting hdrophytes at the side of Bajkul-Digha Highway

Page | 13

Bolaipanda khal, Purba Medinipur Moyna Jhil, Purba Medinipur

Buramala Jhil, Purba medinipur Pond near Moyna Jhil, Purba medinipur

Contai Coast Canal, Purba Medinipur Kudi Khal, Kudi, Purba Medinipur

Jugi Pukhur, Panchrol, Purba Medinipur Nayanjuly at the side of Bajkul-Digha High Way

Nayanjuli, Nandakumar, Purba Medinipur Lowland near Genokhali is overeflooded

Page | 14

Moyna Jhil, Purba Medinipur Another portion of Buramala Jhil, Purba medinipur

Rupnarayan River, Kolaghat, Purba Mohanar jala, Mohana, Digha, Purba Medinipur medinipur

Haldi River, Genokhali, Purba Medinipur Loop canal near Genokhali, Purba Medinipur

Page | 15

V. METHODS OF STUDY In most of the cases survey were carried out mostly on holidays and Sundays. During the survey instant sampling were made and most of the cases small and uncommon fishes were collected in live form and brings into the institution and placed into the aquarium. Photographs taken in this intermediate time and one or two of them preserved for future study. Survey into the local fish markets has already been done frequently to know how much and what varieties of fishes are available in a sequence. Some times interview also been taken with the knowledgeable individuals for the availability of the specific fishes over the years. The documents and data were recorded for the future analysis. However, the modes of sampling done by the following ways: 1. Net sampling : Fish sampling has been carried out with the help of hand-nets, gill-nets, cast- nets and drag-nets wherever applicable. The density and time duration of gill nets has been standardized as far as practicable. Benthic habitats has been sampled by using hooks. Collection of benthic fishes were done sometimes taking opportunity and advantages of whole water drainage of pools and ponds during the summer seasons. Collected samples has been preserved using suitable preservatives especially 4% formaldehyde. For identification of the specimens, standard keys (Day 1978; Jayaram, 1996; Jayaram 1981; Talwar and Jhingran, 1991) were used.

2. Survey and sampling Time and schedule:

The Purba Medinipur District has four subdivisions covering 25 Blocks and 5 Municipality. Paschim Medinipur District has four Subdivisions covering 29 Blocks and 8 Municipality. So to collect the fish fauna from every nuke and corner of these two districts trained man power were used. In the spot local fisherman were used specially for netting purposes. Sorting from the collected sample and their proper isolation and preservation, we get help of PG students of zoology having some knowledge on fisheries especially of Tamralipta Mahavidyalaya and ex-students of Vidyasagar University.

3. Preservation of collected samples:

The collected fish specimens must be immediately and properly preserve with suitable preservatives, otherwise these could be damage. For this purpose different preservative chemicals were used to fulfill the purposes. For very delicate

Page | 16 sample, initially we narcotized with the ENO Salt followed by the preservative (4% formaldehyde).

4. Travelling details to carry out the surveys :

To collect fish fauna, sample were collected once covering vital seasons (rainy and winter and summer) from some blocks and municipality areas both the districts. On the sampling day, we start journey very early in the morning with full essential gears, equipment and accessories with prior intimation to the local fisherman. During the travelling, ponds, nayanjuli, khals and other water bodies if found one or two trial samples were made and if found resourceful the needful sampling were done.

5. Logistics and Accessories used:

During collection of samples various types of the glass goods and plastic container of different sizes are used. Beside that we also surveyed in in the local fish markets and get information in the local experience stakeholders and fisherman of the locality to know how about the state of the fish availability and population over the years based on the questionnaires provided by the Prof. Dr. Silanjan Bhattacharyya, member of the West Bengal Biodiversity Board, We are intentionally not included the raw data in this interim report. After completion of the survey and proper analysis of data it will be presented accordingly.

6. Equipment used: To collect the specimen different types of net like bag net, gill net, Chaknijaal, etc. and variety of fishing gears and traps were used. Digital SLR cameras equipped with super-macro facilities (NIKON D90 with Micro NIKKOR 105mm, and NIKON D800E with AF-S G 28-300mm) were used to take the photographs with minute details. In most of the cases instant photographs were done using plate of suitable contrasting background whenever possible otherwise live specimens were brings in to the research station and their live photographs were taken within aquarium using tele-lens like NIKKOR 28-300mm, In some cases SONY dual mode camera with HD recording facility Model HDR-PJ50E was used for photography in minute detail. List of the fishes those are collected in the sampling sites and identified are included in this report and unidentified species are kept separately for identification and further study. Major portion of the survey also includes for the collection of the deta as feedback from the nearby markets of the canals and khals of the Purba Medinipur

Page | 17

District when visited early in the morning on Sundays, holidadays. Samples and information were collected from the local fishersmans and small scales fish shellers whenever possible from each and every Blocks of this district. Purba Medinipur district is charectaristically differ from the Paschim Medinipur because most of the canels and rivers of this section is directly or indirectly linked with the sea water therefore its southern and eastern pert is charectaristically predominant with the brackish water. More than hundred small canels and khals are distributed throughout throught Purba Medinipur District. Therefore, most of the samples and related information from these areas were collected from fishermans mainly depends on captured based fisheries.

VI. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Two district are demographically very distinct to each other. Purba Medinipur as it is adjacent to the sea shore and feeded by the numbers of the rivers, canals and most of the river mouth opens in this areas therefore aside to the freshwater brackish water is prevalent entire coastal belt. As a results fish diversity are more recorded here due to mixing up of marine water fresh water. Various occasional marine and huse numbers of brackish water fishes are recorded from the water bodies of coastal areas besides the lotic system. There are frequently hervested typical marine water fishes from the river mouth of Haldi and in the large part of their interior portion those are given the boundary of the Purba Medinipur district. Larger portions of this district is typically flooded over during the reany season each and every year therefore, brackish water fishes are also intermigleted with the freshwater system to some extent resulting mixing the varieties of fishes are the evident.

In total 141 species under 45 families of 14 Orders are collected during present investigations from Purba Medinipur District. In this district 93 and 126 species have been collected from lentic and lotics water bodies respectively. Maximum number of species i.e. fifty are counted within the order Perciformes while 29 and 25 species belong to the order Cypriniformes ans Siluriformes respectively. Maximum running water inhabitant species are observed in the Purba Medinipur district, where rivers are charectarised by the presence of mild to medium high brackish water. Most of the species are least concern in their existing IUCN status where as single species, Sygnathus watermeyeri is found Critically Endengered in nature (IUCN status: CR (B1ab (i,ii,iii); C2a(i))). From the present investigation it is evident that several species population as for example Mystus vittatus (Bloch), Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch), Ompok pabda (Hamilton), Wallago attu (Schenider), Pseiideutropius atherinoides (Bloch), Bagarius bagarius (Hamilton), Clarias batrachus Page | 18

(Linnaeus), Chela cachius (Hamilton), Puntius conchonius (Hamilton), Puntius sophore (Hamilton), Systomus sarana (Hamilton, 1822), Pethia narayani (Hora, 1937), Salmophasia bacaila (Hamilton, 1822), Osteobrama cotio (Hamilton, 1822), Botia almorhae, Pomadasys argenteus (Forsskål, 1775), Nandus nandus (Hamilton), Pseudapocryptes elongatus (Cuvier, 1816), Odontamblyopus rubicundus (Hamilton, 1822), Taenioides cirratus (Blyth, 1860), Acanthogobius viridipunctatus (Valenciennes, 1837), Stigmatogobius sadanundio (Hamilton, 1822), Trichogaster fasciatus (Schneider), KholsaBadis badis (Hamilton, 1822), Gerres longirostris (Lacepède, 1801), Channa gachua (Hamilton), Channa marulius (Hamilton), Chitala chitala (Hamilton), Anguilla bengalensis bengalensis, Stolephorus commersonnii Lacepède, 1803, Xenentodon cancila (Hamilton, 1822) and Syngnathus watermeyeri Smith are found to be declining over the years as per years observation by the local fisherman. These species may be considered at the margin of the threatened category line.

In our investigation we found very interesting results as for example, when we tried to know their population status in nreference to the IUCN Category and Criteria, it is found that out of 141 species, 103 species are Least Concern (LC) about their population status, where as Not Evaluated (NE) found 24, Near Threatened (NT) is 10 (Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch), Ompok pabda (Hamilton), Ompok pabo (Hamilton), Wallago attu (Bloch & Schenider, 1801), Ailia coila (Hamilton, 1822), Bagarius bagarius (Hamilton, 1822), Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes), Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852, Chitala chitala (Hamilton, 1822), Anguilla bengalensis bengalensis (Gray, 1831); Data Deficient is 02, Vernarable (V) is one (Cyprinus carpio carpio Linnaeus) and Critically Endendured (CR) is one (Syngnathus watermeyeri Smith). In contradiction with the above results, we found thereare planty of some species population not only available but they are potentially cultured throughout the district even throughout the state of West Bengal. Among them Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes), Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852, and Cyprinus carpio carpio Linnaeus aree huse in number and interestingly last two are potential breeder in thee captive i.e. in the stagnant water.

Whereas, population of Ompok pabda (Hamilton), Bagarius bagarius (Hamilton), Pethia narayani (Hora), Osteobrama cotio (Hamilton), Nandus nandus (Hamilton), Acanthogobius viridipunctatus (Valenciennes, Stigmatogobius sadanundio (Hamilton), Channa gachua (Hamilton), Anguilla bengalensis bengalensis, Xenentodon cancila (Hamilton) and Syngnathus watermeyeri Smith are extremely rare and only found occasinaly and in some reestricte places of Purba Medinipur District. As per reflection on Page | 19 years’ observation by the local knowlagable people that also matches with our observation too i.e. these species are declining very rapidly as such their availability is scant and rare over the years. Therfor immediate action should be needed through proper management and conservation of wetland in these areas on an emergent basis.

In this investigation anothere interesting results was fond that more species were observed in Purba Medinipur District then Paschim Medinipur and it is also revealed that most of the species were present in the running water system. In streams and rivers, the number of species generally increases from thee middle to the mouth of the river. This is because as a river increases in size it presents a greater variety of ecological opportunities and its physical conditions become more stable and therefore more reliable (Allen, 1995). Diversity may increase as the stream become larger and presents more kind of habitats and greater variety of food. Next to this riverine system, the water body which was subjected to least anthropogenic interference was characterized by a good number of species whereas least number of species was observed in sites which ware a more or less managed water body and mainly engaged in pisciculture. This could be due to human activities that alter habitat characteristics dramatize the relationship between habitat structure and local species richness. Several species were found to be inhabitant in both fresh and saline water as well as lentic and lotic system. The occurrence of these fishes in diversified water bodies is obviously due to their wide range of salinity tolerance. Overexploitation and indiscriminant hunting of juveniles as well as of broods almost throughout the year seems to be major threat to survival of fish fauna. However, there are mere assumption of the survival threats is of urgent need for the effective conservation of the threatened fishes of this district which is the prime requirement for utilization.

Besides the fish population we also records non fish organisms, like aquatic insects, crustaceans, frogs, water birds etc along with the hydrophytes associated with the water bodis. We made a vedy comprehensive report along with this fresh water fishes.

Page | 20

Plate : 2 Macrophyte diversity (Common macrophyte and Hydrophytees)

Name

Alternenthera sessilis L. Eclipta alba Hassk.

Monochoria hastate Solms. Phragmites sp.

Scirpus articulatus (Linn.) Oryza sp

Cyanotis axillaries Roem & Sch. Aeschynomene ampera Linn.

Page | 21

Sagiteria latifolia Cyperus sp.

Typha latifolia Scirpus maritimus var. paludosus

Ipomea carnea fistula (Mart) Hygrorryza aristata Nees.

Hydrocotyla asiatica Nees. Asteracantha longifolia

Page | 22

Hydrophylla difformis (L.f.) Vallisneria sp.

Hydrilla sp. Potamogeton sp.

Utricularia stellaris L.f. Chara sp.

Nitella sp. Jussiaea repens Linn.

Page | 23

Trapa sp. Nymphaea nouchali Burm. f.

Marsilea minuta L. Nymphoides indica (L.)

Lemna sp. Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)

Pistia sp. Salvinia sp.

Page | 24

Ipomoea aquatica Forrsk. Ludwigia sp.

Commelina bengalensis L. Leersia sp.

Nitella sp Nymphea sp.

Nelambo nusifera Nitella sp.

Page | 25

Plates.3: Photographs showing different methods of fishing practices were used relating to heir different habitats in both the districts.

A: Sampling strategy used using a types of B: A special types of fishing gear used for Chakni Jaal for collection the small fishes capturing chela and punti fishes in the from nayanjooli distributary of river Shilabati

C: Hand nets are also used for the capturing D: Special types of indigenous Bagnets the the fishes in the Pools, and nayanjoolis at used for the sampling of pelagic small different parts of Purba and paschim fishes in haldi river Medinipur

E: A series of fishing gears used for Major F: A simple technique used for the Carps and other large fishes in the capturing the fishes those moves against distributory of River Shilaboti at Ghatal, water flow. These are si,ilar to the Chakni Paschim, Medinipur Jaal.

Page | 26

G: Special technique used for capturing the H: Simple drag net used for some sampling small fishes those are trying to move against site in River Shilaboti the water current.

I: Hooks are used by local people for J: Sometimes local interested people also capturing specially Pancalas armaatus at taking part in the capturing of fishes along River Shilabati, Near Ghatal, Paschim with us near Ghatal, Paschim Medinipur Medinipur

K: Special types of fishing gears (Moogri) L: Sampling also done to collect small are also used for collection of fishes in a fishes those are associated with the aquatic branch of River, Silabati at Ghatal, Paschim weed in Ramgarh Bandh, Lalgarh, Paschim Medinipur Medinipur

M: Dr. Pahari trying to collect very small N: Special types of fishing gears (Moogri) fishes those are taking shelter in the aquatic used to capture Small fishes in a nayanjooli weed in Kechanda Bandh, Sebayatan, near Talivhata, Nandakumar, Purba Paschim Medinipur Medinipur

O: Special types of 5 hooks were used to P: Sample site of a Municipal areas of catch the large fishes from Haldi River, Near Midnapore, Paschim Medinipur Teropakhya, Purba Medinipur

Page | 27

Q: Sample site of a Municipal areas of R: Fine mesh were used to collect guppy Tamluk, Purba Medinipur and other small fishes from drain of Midnapore Municipality

S: Community fishing at nayanjuli in T: Sampling done taking advantages in a Paschim Medinipur where individual people spot after runoff of total water of a pond collecting small fishes using different gears from where some benthic and bottom of interest dweller fishes were collected

U: Locally called ‘Moorgi’ a special types of V: Common net type fishing gears uses for fishing gears uses for fishes specially during fishes in nayanjuli and small khals the rainy season in paddy fields and small intended twards small fishes like weed khals fishes

Hand nets are also used for the fishing in the Such types of ‘vela’used for the fishing in Pools, and nayanjoolis at different parts of the Pools, and and large canal at different Purba and paschim Medinipur parts of Purba and paschim Medinipur

Page | 28

Plate : 4 Very common water birds associated with the wetlands

Motacilla flava (Linn) Motacilla alba (Linn)

Ardea alba (Linn) Dendrocygna javanica (Horse field)

Ardeola grayii (Sykes) Egretta intermedia (Linn)

Bubulcus ibis (Linn) Egretta garzetta (Linn)

Amaurornis phoenicurus (Pennant) Metopidius indicus (Latham)

Page | 29

Alcedo atthis (Linn) Halcyon smyrnensis (Linn)

Pelargopsis capensis (Linn) Ceryle rudis (Pied kingfisher)

Phalacocorex niger (Vieillot) Calidris minuta

Himantopus himantopus (Linnaeus, 1758) Actitis hypolleucos Linnaeus, 1758 Tringa

Large aggrigates of Egretts on the mud fluds

Page | 30

Format A1: Database of bigger water bodies (e.g. Beel, River, etc.) surveyed: (for each waterbody input information/data in the format given below)

A1.1 Rajar Dighi, Tamluk, Purba Medinipur

A1.1a - Name of the waterbody: Tamluk Town, Purba Medinipur

A1.1b - Type of the waterbody: PERINNIAL, STAGNANT

A1.1c - Location Details (located in Tamluk District Town (22°17'54.15"N, 87°55'25.35"E; 22°17'44.82"N, 87°55'18.22"E), West Bengal, India.).

Photo: Rajar Dighi, Tamluk, Purba Medinipur

Page | 31

A1.1d - Surface Areas covered (in ha) : Area 4.74 ha, perennial with natural vegetation of marginal vegitation (17%), floating (2%) and submerged (13%) covering of the surface area of the waterbody less human interference, frequently fishes are collected by the local people a. Maximum surface area covered 4.4 ha during peak of monsoon or any other time) b. Minimum surface area covered 4.1 ha in the peak of dry season

A1.1e - Connectivity and nature of water flow with any other water bodies: Totally confined, only the runnoff water from the adjoining areas of this water body.

A1.1f - Ownership and management pattern: Man made, dig out by the then Maharaja and thus a large water body is formed for the use of their own purposes. Now, the local society for the fishery management were practices. Total water body is frequently deweedifyed from floting hydrophytes.

A1.1g - Major Non-Fish Fauna : a) Aquatic Insects: Canthydrus laetablis, C. lactabilis (Walker), C. lactuosus (Aube), Hydrocoptus subvitlulus (Mots), Laccophilus parvulus, Laccotrephes grisaus (Guerin), Laccotrephes ruber, Laccophilus flexusses Aube, Hydrovatus accuminatus, Cybister tripunctatus (Sharp), Cybister convexsus Sharp, Hydrovatus bonvoluri (Sharp), Hydrovatus confertus, Helochares ancholaris, Sternolophus rutipes (Fab), Ischnura verticalis (Say), Pseudogrion rubriceps (Selys), Ellagma parvus (Selys), Pseudogrion microcephalum (Rambur), Pachudiplax sp. Nymph, Urothemis signata, Agriocnemis pygmoea (Rambur), Ranatra sordidula (Dohrn)., Ranatra filiformes, Ranatra elongata, Micronecta (Dichactoneda) halipliodes Horath., Micronecta merope, Diplonychus annulatus (Fab), Diplonychus rusticus, Hydrometra butlen Hungesford and Evans, Canthydrus flavus (Mots)., Coplatus indicus, Orectochilus (Patrus) productus, Hydrochus sp., Coelostoma subditum, Hydrophilus olivaccous (Fab), Berosus idicus (Mots)

b) Crustaceans: Macrobrachium rosenbergii, M. idea, M. Malcolmsonii, M. javanicum, Exopalaeomon styliferous, c) Molluscs Bellamya bengalensis typica (Lamarck), Bellamya bengalensis doliaris (Gould), Pila globosa (Swainson), Lymnaca (Pseudosuccinia) acuminata typica (Lamarck), Indoplanorbis exustus (Deshayes), Lamellidens marginalis (Lamarck). d) Frogs. Euphlyctic cynophlyctus (Schinder), Haplobatrachus tigrina, Natrix sp.

e) Birds. Motacilla flava (Linn), M. alba (Linn), Ardea alba (Linn), Ardeola grayii (Sykes), Egretta intermedia (Linn), Amaurornis phoenicurus (Pennant), Alcedo atthis (Linn), Halcyon smyrnensis (Linn), Alcedo atthis (Linn), Phalacocorex niger (Vieillot), Phalacocorex niger (Vieillot)

A1.1h - Rare or endangered species, if there any : The following species recorded during the periods of investigation a) NT (Near Threatened)

Page | 32

Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch), Ompok pabda (Hamilton), Wallago attu (Bloch & Schenider, 1801), Ailia coila (Hamilton, 1822), Anguilla bengalensis bengalensis (Gray, 1831), Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852, b) VU (Vulnareble) Cyprinus carpio carpio Linnaeus,

A1.1i - Major Flora : List of Hydrophytes Alternenthera sessilis L., Tillunthera sp., Eclipta alba Hassk., Oryza sativa (Var) fetua, Cyanotis axillaries Roem & Sch., Aeschynomene ampera Linn., Ipomea carnea fistula (Mart), Hygrorryza aristata Nees., Hydrocotyla asiatica Nees., Hydrilla sp., Potamogeton sp., Utricularia stellaris L.f., Chara sp., Nitella sp., Jussiaea repens Linn., Marsilea minuta L., Lemna sp., Pistia sp., Ipomoea aquatica Forrsk., Ludwigia sp., Asteracantha sp., Commelina bengalensis L., Leersia sp.

A1.1j - Hydrophyte covered area in the waterbody: Frequently managed waterbody. Frquently hydrophytes were deweedify for the local fisherman those are managing the fisheris practices inthis water body. However, very little marginal vegetation grow up and it nearly as follows. a) 8% surface coverage b) 12% bottom coverage of the water body

A1.1k - Patterns of use of the waterbody : a) Totally waste mater filled bank of the water body. Most of them are feaces of human beings and other animals which pollutes the water since long time. b) Local people and residents at the bank of the water body occasionally used this water body for some rituals and other purposes. c) Traditional fisheries were initiated by the initiatives of local administration an attemped has taken to reconstruction of the water body and finally little beat effective fisheries practice were found. d) In the rainy seasons though water column is found significantly decreased.

A1.1l - Seasonality (Conspicuous changes in different seasons) : during the rainy seasons the water body overflows it water and towards the summer its water level gradually decreased but never dried and at that time water column remains at least 4.3 mitres. However, only limited open areas were seen at the marginal side of the water body.

A1.1m - Degrading factors and threats to the water body : a) Nothing management is found to maintain the water quality b) Most of the organic load through the runoff water maid with the wate body and subsequently the organic load of the water body is increasing gradiually. Therefore utrophication is increasing year after year. c) Totally waste mater filled bank of the water body. Most of them are feaces of human beings and other animals which pollutes the water since long time.

A1.1n - Conservation efforts, if there any : NIL

A1.1o - Notes on local history, and folk beliefs, practices relating to the waterbody : A1.1p - Notes on any other point on the water body, not yet covered : Temporal variation of water quality alongwith seasonal fluctuation of population dynamics of fishes

Page | 33

along with other aquatic animals and hydrophytes in respect to the waterbody not yet covered.

A1.2 Mahishadal Rajar Dighi, Mahisadal, Purba Medinipur

A1.2a - Name of the waterbody: Mahisadal Rajar Dighi, Mahisadal, Purba Medinipur

A1.2b - Type of the waterbody: PERINNIAL, STAGNANT

A1.2c - Location Details (located in Mahisadal Rajbari Territorial region (22°10'57.87"N, 87°59'13.20"E and 22°10'52.17"N, 87°59'7.72"E), West Bengal, India.).

A1.2d - Surface Areas covered (in ha) : Area 2.82 ha, perennial with natural vegetation of marginal vegitation (64%), floating (11%) and submerged (38%) covering of the surface area of the waterbody less human interference, frequently fishes are collected by the local people c. Maximum surface area covered 2.4 ha during peak of monsoon or any other time) d. Minimum surface area covered 2.1 ha in the peak of dry season

A1.2e - Connectivity and nature of water flow with any other water bodies: Totally confined, only the runnoff water from the adjoining water shed areas and nearby field feeded the water body.

A1.2f - Ownership and management pattern: Man made waterbody which was dugout by the the then Maharaja of the Mahisadal and use it exclusively for their own purposes. For long time, this water body is kept as a westland but recently it is handed over to the local society for the fishery purposes. Thereafter, now a little beat management practiced are there. A pprtion of the water body is covered up by the floting and submarged hydrophytes.

A1.2g - Major Non-Fish Fauna : f) Aquatic Insects: Pachudiplax sp. Nymph, Urothemis signata, Agriocnemis pygmoea (Rambur), Ranatra sordidula (Dohrn)., Ranatra filiformes, Ranatra elongata, Laccotrephes grisaus (Guerin), Laccotrephes ruber, Micronecta (Dichactoneda) halipliodes Horath., Micronecta merope, Diplonychus annulatus (Fab), Diplonychus rusticus, Hydrometra butlen Hungesford and Evans, Canthydrus flavus (Mots)., Canthydrus laetablis, C. lactabilis (Walker), C. lactuosus (Aube), Coplatus indicus, Hydrocoptus subvitlulus (Mots) , Hydrovatus confertus, Hydrovatus accuminatus, Laccophilus flexusses Aube, Laccophilus parvulus, Cybister convexsus Sharp, Orectochilus (Patrus) productus, Hydrochus sp., Coelostoma subditum, Helochares ancholaris, Hydrophilus olivaccous (Fab), Sternolophus rutipes (Fab), Berosus idicus (Mots)

Page | 34

g) Crustaceans: Macrobrachium rosenbergii, M. idea, M. Malcolmsonii, M. javanicum, Exopalaeomon styliferous, h) Molluscs Bellamya bengalensis typica (Lamarck), Bellamya bengalensis doliaris (Gould) , Pila globosa (Swainson), Lymnaca (Pseudosuccinia) acuminata typica (Lamarck), Indoplanorbis exustus (Deshayes), Lamellidens marginalis (Lamarck), Thiara (Tarebia) lineata (Gray), Thiara (Melanoides) tuberculata (Mullar),. i) Frogs. Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis (Schinder), Euphlyctis hexadactylus, Haplobatrachus tigrina, Natrix sp.

j) Birds. Motacilla flava (Linn), M. alba (Linn), Ardea alba (Linn), Ardeola grayii (Sykes), Egretta intermedia (Linn), Egretta garzetta (Linn), Bubulcus ibis (Linn), Amaurornis phoenicurus (Pennant), Metopidius indicus (Latham), Alcedo atthis (Linn), Halcyon smyrnensis (Linn), Pelargopsis capensis (Linn), Alcedo atthis (Linn), Phalacocorex niger (Vieillot).

A1.2h - Rare or endangered species, if there any : The following species recorded during the periods of investigation c) NT (Near Threatened) Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch), Ompok pabda (Hamilton), Wallago attu (Bloch & Schenider, 1801), Ailia coila (Hamilton, 1822), Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852, d) VU (Vulnareble) Cyprinus carpio carpio Linnaeus.

A1.2i - Major Flora : List of Hydrophytes Alternenthera sessilis L., Tillunthera sp., Eclipta alba Hassk., Oryza sativa (Var) fetua, Phragmites sp., Sagiteria sp., Cyanotis axillaries Roem & Sch., Aeschynomene ampera Linn., Ipomea carnea fistula (Mart), Hygrorryza aristata Nees., Hydrocotyla asiatica Nees., Vallisneria sp., Hydrilla sp., Utricularia stellaris L.f., Nitella sp., Jussiaea repens Linn., Nymphaea nouchali Burm. f., Marsilea minuta L., Nymphoides indica (L.), Lemna sp., Eichhornia sp., Pistia sp., Ipomoea aquatica Forrsk., Ludwigia sp., Asteracantha sp., Commelina bengalensis L., Leersia sp.

A1.2j - Hydrophyte covered area in the waterbody: Partially weed infested waterbody or wasteland. Layer of the infested weed make a marginal portion cover of the water body. c) 13% surface coverage d) 16% bottom coverage of the water body

A1.2k - Patterns of use of the waterbody : e) Bank of the water body is not managd therefore several weeds are pre dominant but frequently netting was done in respective to the fishery pracices. f) Local people and residents at the bank of the water body occasionally used this water body for some rituals and other purposes. g) Fisheries was initiated by the local administration an attemped has taken to reconstruction of the water body. Some short of traditional fisheris were done on lease basis for a certain period of time. h) In the rainy seasons though water column is found high but during the summer seasons it decreases considerably.

A1.2l - Seasonality (Conspicuous changes in different seasons) : during the rainy seasons the water body overflows it water and towards the summer its water level gradually decreased but never dried and at that time water column remains at least 3 mitres.

Page | 35

A1.2m - Degrading factors and threats to the water body : d) Nothing management is found towards continuous maintainance the water body e) Most of the organic load through the runoff water maid with the water body and subsequently the organic load of the water body is increasing gradiually. Perhaves, therefore utrophication is increasing year after year. f) Gradually waste mater increases at the bank of the water body. Most of them are feaces of human beings and other animals which pollutes the water since long time.

A1.2n - Conservation efforts, if there any : NIL

A1.2o - Notes on local history, and folk beliefs, practices relating to the waterbody : None of the intension has been recorded except for the Royal sentiments. A1.2p - Notes on any other point on the water body, not yet covered : Temporal variation of water quality alongwith seasonal fluctuation of population dynamics of fishes in respect to the waterbody not yet covered.

A1.3 Panskura Station Dighi, Panskura Rly. Stn, Purba Medinipur

A1.3a - Name of the waterbody: Panskura Station Dighi, Panskura Rly. Stn, Purba Medinipur

A1.3b - Type of the waterbody: PERINNIAL, STAGNANT

A1.3c - Location Details (located in Haldia industrial belt (22°23'41.62"N, 87°44'36.35"E and 22°23'36.90"N, 87°44'25.14"E), West Bengal, India.).

Page | 36

A1.3d - Surface Areas covered (in ha) : Area 3.72 ha, perennial with natural vegetation of marginal vegitation (7%), floating (2%) and submerged (13%) covering of the surface area of the waterbody less human interference, frequently fishes are collected by the local people e. Maximum surface area covered 3.2 ha during peak of monsoon or any other time) f. Minimum surface area covered 3.1 ha in the peak of dry season

A1.3e - Connectivity and nature of water flow with any other water bodies: Totally confined, only the runnoff water from the adjoining and nearby agricultural field feeded the water body.

A1.3f - Ownership and management pattern: Man made and totally unmanaged water body. This water body is handed over the local people for the fishery management on leased basis. Frequently deweedification were done. As this water body is located aside of the Rly Station and surrounded by by agricultural field, nutrient loads affects the water quality of this wetland become detoriated gradually. Water body covered up by the marginal and floting hydrophytes. Only local people frequently captured the available fishes.

A1.3g - Major Non-Fish Fauna : k) Aquatic Insects: Canthydrus laetablis, C. lactabilis (Walker), C. lactuosus (Aube), Hydrocoptus subvitlulus (Mots), Laccophilus parvulus, Laccotrephes grisaus (Guerin), Laccotrephes ruber, Laccophilus flexusses Aube, Hydrovatus accuminatus, Cybister tripunctatus (Sharp), Cybister convexsus Sharp, Hydrovatus bonvoluri (Sharp), Hydrovatus confertus, Helochares ancholaris, Sternolophus rutipes (Fab), Ischnura verticalis (Say), Pseudogrion rubriceps (Selys), Ellagma parvus (Selys), Pseudogrion microcephalum (Rambur), Pachudiplax sp. Nymph, Urothemis signata, Agriocnemis pygmoea (Rambur), Ranatra sordidula (Dohrn)., Ranatra filiformes, Ranatra elongata, Micronecta (Dichactoneda) halipliodes Horath., Micronecta merope, Diplonychus annulatus (Fab), Diplonychus rusticus, Hydrometra butlen Hungesford and Evans, Coelostoma subditum, Hydrophilus olivaccous (Fab), Canthydrus flavus (Mots).

l) Crustaceans: Exopalaeomon styliferous, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, M. idea, M. Malcolmsonii, M. javanicum m) Molluscs Bellamya bengalensis typica (Lamarck), Bellamya bengalensis doliaris (Gould) , Pila globosa (Swainson), Lymnaca (Pseudosuccinia) acuminata typica (Lamarck), Indoplanorbis exustus (Deshayes), Lamellidens marginalis (Lamarck).

Page | 37

n) Frogs. Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis (Schinder), Euphlyctis hexadactylus, Haplobatrachus tigrina, Natrix sp. o) Birds. Motacilla flava (Linn), M. alba (Linn), Podiceps ruficollis (Pallas), Ardea alba (Linn), Ardeola grayii (Sykes), Egretta intermedia (Linn), Egretta garzetta (Linn), Bubulcus ibis (Linn), Amaurornis phoenicurus (Pennant), Alcedo atthis (Linn), Halcyon smyrnensis (Linn), Pelargopsis capensis (Linn), Alcedo atthis (Linn), Phalacocorex niger (Vieillot).

A1.3h - Rare or endangered species, if there any : The following species recorded during the periods of investigation e) NT (Near Threatened) Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch), Ompok pabda (Hamilton), Wallago attu (Bloch & Schenider, 1801), Ailia coila (Hamilton, 1822), Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852, f) VU (Vulnareble) Cyprinus carpio carpio Linnaeus,

A1.3i - Major Flora : List of Hydrophytes Alternenthera sessilis L., Tillunthera sp., Eclipta alba Hassk., Oryza sativa (Var) fetua, Phragmites sp., Sagiteria sp., Scirpus articulatus (Linn.), Cyanotis axillaries Roem & Sch., Cyperus sp., Aeschynomene ampera Linn., Ipomea carnea fistula (Mart), Hygrorryza aristata Nees., Hydrocotyla asiatica Nees., Utricularia stellaris L.f., Chara sp., Nitella sp., Jussiaea repens Linn., Nymphaea nouchali Burm. f., Marsilea minuta L., Nymphoides indica (L.), Lemna sp., Eichhornia sp., Pistia sp., Ipomoea aquatica Forrsk., Ludwigia sp., Asteracantha sp., Commelina bengalensis L., Leersia sp.

A1.3j - Hydrophyte covered area in the waterbody: Partially weed infested waterbody or wasteland. Layer of the infested weed make a marginal portion cover of the water body. a) 11% surface coverage b) 17% bottom coverage of the water body

A1.3k - Patterns of use of the waterbody : i) Totally waste mater filled bank of the water body. Most of them are feaces of human beings and other animals which pollutes the water since long time. j) Local people and residents at the bank of the water body occasionally used this water body for some rituals and other purposes. k) Traditional fisheries were initiated by the initiatives of local administration an attemped has taken to reconstruction of the water body and finally little beat effective fisheries practice were found. l) In the rainy seasons though water column is found significantly decreased.

A1.3l - Seasonality (Conspicuous changes in different seasons) : during the rainy seasons the water body overflows it water and towards the summer its water level gradually decreased but never dried and at that time water column remains at least 4.3 mitres. However, only limited open areas were seen at the marginal side of the water body.

A1.3m - Degrading factors and threats to the water body : g) Nothing management is found to maintain the water quality h) Most of the organic load through the runoff water maid with the wate body and subsequently the organic load of the water body is increasing

Page | 38

gradiually. Therefore, utrophication is increasing year after year leading to the algal bloom. i) Totally waste mater filled bank of the water body. Most of them are feaces of human beings and other animals which pollutes the water since long time.

A1.3n - Conservation efforts, if there any : NIL

A1.3o - Notes on local history, and folk beliefs, practices relating to the waterbody : NIL A1.3p - Notes on any other point on the water body, not yet covered : Temporal variation of water quality alongwith seasonal fluctuation of population dynamics of fishes along with other aquatic animals and hydrophytes in respect to the waterbody not yet covered.

A1.4 Durgachawk Dighi, Haldia, Purba Medinipur

A1.4a - Name of the waterbody: City Centre lake, Haldia, Purba Medinipur

A1.4b - Type of the waterbody: PERINNIAL, STAGNANT

A1.4c - Location Details (located in Haldia industrial belt (22° 4'58.94"N, 88° 8'21.39"E and 22° 4'53.23"N, 88° 7'56.36"E), West Bengal, India.).

Page | 39

A1.4d - Surface Areas covered (in ha) : Area 8.63 ha, perennial with natural vegetation of marginal vegitation (7%), floating (2%) and submerged (13%) covering of the surface area of the waterbody less human interference, frequently fishes are collected by the local people g. Maximum surface area covered 8.2 ha during peak of monsoon or any other time) h. Minimum surface area covered 7.9 ha in the peak of dry season

A1.4e - Connectivity and nature of water flow with any other water bodies: Totally confined, only the runnoff water from the adjoining areas of this water body.

A1.4f - Ownership and management pattern: Man made, dig out by the then Maharaja and thus a large water body is formed for the use of their own purposes. Now, the local society for the fishery management were practices. Total water body is frequently deweedifyed from floting hydrophytes.

A1.4g - Major Non-Fish Fauna : p) Aquatic Insects: Canthydrus laetablis, C. lactabilis (Walker), C. lactuosus (Aube), Hydrocoptus subvitlulus (Mots) , Laccophilus parvulus, Laccotrephes grisaus (Guerin), Laccotrephes ruber, Laccophilus flexusses Aube, Hydrovatus accuminatus, Cybister tripunctatus (Sharp), Cybister convexsus Sharp, Hydrovatus bonvoluri (Sharp), Hydrovatus confertus, Helochares ancholaris, Sternolophus rutipes (Fab), Ischnura verticalis (Say), Berosus idicus (Mots), Pseudogrion rubriceps (Selys), Ellagma parvus (Selys), Pseudogrion microcephalum (Rambur), Urothemis signata, Agriocnemis pygmoea (Rambur), Ranatra sordidula (Dohrn)., Ranatra filiformes, Ranatra elongata, Micronecta (Dichactoneda) halipliodes Horath., Micronecta merope, Diplonychus annulatus (Fab), Diplonychus rusticus, Hydrometra butlen Hungesford and Evans, Canthydrus flavus (Mots)., Coplatus indicus, Hydrochus sp., Coelostoma subditum, Hydrophilus olivaccous (Fab).

q) Crustaceans: Macrobrachium rosenbergii, M. idea, M. Malcolmsonii, M. javanicum, Exopalaeomon styliferous,

Page | 40

r) Molluscs Bellamya bengalensis typica (Lamarck), Bellamya bengalensis doliaris (Gould), Pila globosa (Swainson), Thiara (Tarebia) lineata (Gray), Thiara (Melanoides) tuberculata (Mullar), Lymnaca (Pseudosuccinia) acuminata typica (Lamarck), Indoplanorbis exustus (Deshayes), Lamellidens marginalis (Lamarck). s) Frogs. Euphlyctic cynophlyctus (Schinder), Haplobatrachus tigrina, Natrix sp.

t) Birds. Motacilla flava (Linn), M. alba (Linn), Ardea alba (Linn), Ardeola grayii (Sykes), Egretta intermedia (Linn), Amaurornis phoenicurus (Pennant), Alcedo atthis (Linn), Halcyon smyrnensis (Linn), Alcedo atthis (Linn), Phalacocorex niger (Vieillot), Phalacocorex niger (Vieillot)

A1.4h - Rare or endangered species, if there any : The following species recorded during the periods of investigation g) NT (Near Threatened) Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch), Ompok pabda (Hamilton), Wallago attu (Bloch & Schenider, 1801), Ailia coila (Hamilton, 1822), Anguilla bengalensis bengalensis (Gray, 1831), Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852, h) VU (Vulnareble) Cyprinus carpio carpio Linnaeus,

A1.4i - Major Flora : List of Hydrophytes Alternenthera sessilis L., Tillunthera sp., Eclipta alba Hassk., Oryza sativa (Var) fetua, Cyanotis axillaries Roem & Sch., Aeschynomene ampera Linn., Ipomea carnea fistula (Mart), Hygrorryza aristata Nees., Hydrocotyla asiatica Nees., Hydrilla sp., Potamogeton sp., Utricularia stellaris L.f., Chara sp., Nitella sp., Jussiaea repens Linn., Marsilea minuta L., Lemna sp., Pistia sp., Ipomoea aquatica Forrsk., Ludwigia sp., Asteracantha sp., Commelina bengalensis L., Leersia sp.

A1.4j - Hydrophyte covered area in the waterbody: Frequently managed waterbody. Frquently hydrophytes were deweedify for the local fisherman those are managing the fisheris practices inthis water body. However, very little marginal vegetation grow up and it nearly as follows. a) 8% surface coverage b) 12% bottom coverage of the water body

A1.4k - Patterns of use of the waterbody : a) Totally waste mater filled bank of the water body. Most of them are feaces of human beings and other animals which pollutes the water since long time. b) Local people and residents at the bank of the water body occasionally used this water body for some rituals and other purposes. c) Traditional fisheries were initiated by the initiatives of local administration an attemped has taken to reconstruction of the water body and finally little beat effective fisheries practice were found. d) In the rainy seasons though water column is found significantly decreased.

A1.4l - Seasonality (Conspicuous changes in different seasons) : during the rainy seasons the water body overflows it water and towards the summer its water level gradually

Page | 41

decreased but never dried and at that time water column remains at least 4.3 mitres. However, only limited open areas were seen at the marginal side of the water body.

A1.4m - Degrading factors and threats to the water body : a) Nothing management is found to maintain the water quality b) Most of the organic load through the runoff water maid with the wate body and subsequently the organic load of the water body is increasing gradiually. Therefore utrophication is increasing year after year. c) Totally waste mater filled bank of the water body. Most of them are feaces of human beings and other animals which pollutes the water since long time.

A1.4n - Conservation efforts, if there any : NIL

A1.4o - Notes on local history, and folk beliefs, practices relating to the waterbody : NIL A1.4p - Notes on any other point on the water body, not yet covered : Temporal variation of water quality alongwith seasonal fluctuation of population dynamics of fishes along with other aquatic animals and hydrophytes in respect to the waterbody not yet covered.

A1.5 Shilpaprabesh Station Lake, Baishnab Chawk, Haldia, Pruba Medinipur A1.5a - Name of the waterbody: City Centre lake, Haldia, Purba Medinipur

A1.5b - Type of the waterbody: PERINNIAL, STAGNANT

A1.5c - Location Details (located in Haldia industrial belt (22° 3'52.42"N, 88° 6'14.40"E and 22° 3'19.89"N, 88° 5'45.96"E), West Bengal, India.).

A1.5d - Surface Areas covered (in ha) : Area 40.62 ha, perennial with natural vegetation of marginal vegitation (87%), floating (47%) and submerged (74%) covering of the surface area of the waterbody less human interference, frequently fishes are collected by the local people from the unmanaged part and its huse central portion is managed for the fisheries purposes therefore this portion are deewidifying frequently. This water body is situated at Page | 42

the periurban areas of the Haldia Township. The main and central portion of the waterbody is concritized it embanketed areas permanently therefore groing up of marginal vegetations is permanently restricted.

i. Maximum surface area covered 39.56 ha during peak of monsoon or any other time ass a hole) j. Minimum surface area covered 34.7 ha in the peak of dry season in total These fluctuations are mainly due to the unrestricted portion of the wetlands aside from the embankated central part.

A1.5e - Connectivity and nature of water flow with any other water bodies: Totally confined, only the runnoff water from the adjoining areas connected with the canel and nearby agricultural field feeded to the water body.

A1.5f - Ownership and management pattern: Natural depression but to collect the run off water an extension and renovation has been made by the local governess and thus a large water body is formed. In addition to this cental and large portion of the water body made concritized permanently its embanketed therefore groing up of marginal vegetations is restricted strictly at that area. After a long time, this water body is handed over the local society for the fishery management but due to deweedification, water quality of this water body become detoriated by the increasing of organic load resulting water bad quality. The unmanaged portion of the watr body is laying as it is and therefore huse number of the aquatic weed are infested with little or none management practices here. In this particular portion of the water body is covered up by the floting and submerged hydrophytes. Only frequently local people captured the available fishes fortheir pertional needs.

A1.5g - Major Non-Fish Fauna : u) Aquatic Insects: Canthydrus laetablis, C. lactabilis (Walker), C. lactuosus (Aube), Hydrocoptus subvitlulus (Mots), Laccophilus parvulus, Laccotrephes grisaus (Guerin), Laccotrephes ruber, Laccophilus flexusses Aube, Hydrovatus accuminatus, Cybister tripunctatus (Sharp), Cybister convexsus Sharp, Hydrovatus bonvoluri (Sharp), Hydrovatus confertus, Helochares ancholaris, Sternolophus rutipes (Fab), Ischnura verticalis (Say), Pseudogrion rubriceps (Selys), Ellagma parvus (Selys), Pseudogrion microcephalum (Rambur), Urothemis signata, Agriocnemis pygmoea (Rambur), Ranatra sordidula (Dohrn)., Ranatra filiformes, Ranatra elongata, Micronecta (Dichactoneda) halipliodes Horath., Diplonychus annulatus (Fab), Diplonychus rusticus, Hydrometra butlen Hungesford and Evans, Canthydrus flavus (Mots)., Coplatus indicus, Coelostoma subditum, Hydrophilus olivaccous (Fab), Berosus idicus (Mots).

v) Crustaceans: Exopalaeomon styliferous, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, M. idea, M. Malcolmsonii, M. javanicum w) Molluscs Bellamya bengalensis typica (Lamarck), Bellamya bengalensis doliaris (Gould) , Pila globosa (Swainson), Lymnaca (Pseudosuccinia) acuminata typica (Lamarck), Indoplanorbis exustus (Deshayes), Lamellidens marginalis (Lamarck), Thiara (Tarebia) lineata (Gray), Thiarla (Tarebia) granifera (Lamarck), Thiara (Melanoides) tuberculata (Mullar)

x) Frogs. Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis (Schinder), Euphlyctis hexadactylus, Haplobatrachus tigrina, Natrix sp.

y) Birds.

Page | 43

Motacilla flava (Linn), M. alba (Linn), Ardea alba (Linn), Ardeola grayii (Sykes), Egretta garzetta (Linn), Bubulcus ibis (Linn), Amaurornis phoenicurus (Pennant), Metopidius indicus (Latham), Alcedo atthis (Linn), Halcyon smyrnensis (Linn), Pelargopsis capensis (Linn), Alcedo atthis (Linn), Phalacocorex niger (Vieillot), Phalacocorex carbo (Shaw), Gallinula chloropus (Linnaeus, 1758).

A1.5h - Rare or endangered species, if there any : The following species recorded during the periods of investigation i) NT (Near Threatened) Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch), Ompok pabda (Hamilton), Wallago attu (Bloch & Schenider, 1801), Ailia coila (Hamilton, 1822), Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852, j) VU (Vulnareble) Cyprinus carpio carpio Linnaeus,

A1.5i - Major Flora : List of Hydrophytes Alternenthera sessilis L., Tillunthera sp., Eclipta alba Hassk., Monochoria hastate Solms., Oryza sativa (Var) fetua, Phragmites sp., Sagiteria sp., Scirpus articulatus (Linn.), Cyanotis axillaries Roem & Sch., Cyperus sp., Aeschynomene ampera Linn., Ipomea carnea fistula (Mart), Hygrorryza aristata Nees., Hydrocotyla asiatica Nees., Leersia sp., Vallisneria sp., Potamogeton sp., Utricularia stellaris L.f., Nitella sp., Jussiaea repens Linn., Nymphaea nouchali Burm. f., Marsilea minuta L., Nymphoides indica (L.), Lemna sp., Eichhornia sp., Salvinia sp., Pistia sp., Ipomoea aquatica Forrsk., Ludwigia sp., Asteracantha sp., Commelina bengalensis L.

A1.5j - Hydrophyte covered area in the waterbody: Totally weed infested waterbody or wasteland other than those area are left unmanaged condition. Weed infested areas make a thich cover mostly those areas where human intrferance is much less of the water body. c) 82% surface coverage d) 95.% bottom coverage of the water body

A1.5k - Patterns of use of the waterbody : e) Local people and residents at the bank of the water body occasionally used this water body for some rituals and other purposes. f) No fisheries were initiated rather by the initiatives of local administration an attemped has taken to reconstruction of the water body but finally no effective fisheries practice were found. g) In the rainy seasons though wate column is found significantly but during the summer seasons or in other seasons its water not used in irrigation purposes for the lower land.

A1.5l - Seasonality (Conspicuous changes in different seasons) : During the rainy seasons the water body overflows it water and towards the summer its water level gradually decreased but never dried up and at that time water column remains at least 4.3 mitres. However, during the summer only limited open areas were seen at the marginal side of the water body.

A1.5m - Degrading factors and threats to the water body : a) Nothing management is found to maintain the water body except some deweedification, frequenttial liming and netting otherwise the waterbody used for pisciculture based on the traditional methods. b) Most of the organic load through the runoff water filled with the wate body and subsequently it is increasing gradiually. Therefore, utrophication is increasing year after year which can be seasily seen by the blackish colour of water may be due to the high organic loads.

Page | 44

c) Bank of the water body partially concretised but bare portions are mostly contaminated with the faecal metter of human beings and of other animals which is polluting the waterody since long time.

A1.5n - Conservation efforts, if there any : NIL

A1.5o - Notes on local history, and folk beliefs, practices relating to the waterbody : NIL A1.5p - Notes on any other point on the water body, not yet covered : Temporal variation of water quality alongwith seasonal fluctuation of population dynamics of fishes in respect to the waterbody not yet covered.

A1.6 : A1.6a - Name of the waterbody: City Centre lake, Haldia, Purba Medinipur

A1.6b - Type of the waterbody: PERINNIAL, STAGNANT

A1.6c - Location Details (located in Haldia industrial belt (22°3'36.93"N, 88°4'45.28"E; 22°3'27.18"N, 88° 4'35.11"E), West Bengal, India.).

A1.6d - Surface Areas covered (in ha) : Area 4.46 ha, perennial with natural vegetation of marginal gegitation (3%), floating (<1%) and submerged (3-4%) covering of the surface area of the waterbody less human interference, frequently fishes are collected by the local people

Page | 45

k. Maximum surface area covered 4.4 ha during peak of monsoon or any other time) l. Minimum surface area covered 4.3 ha in the peak of dry season

A1.6e - Connectivity and nature of water flow with any other water bodies: Totally confined, only the runnoff water from the adjoining areas of this water body.

A1.6f - Ownership and management pattern: Man made, dig out by the then Maharaja and thus a large water body is formed for the use of their own purposes. Now, the local society for the fishery management were practices. Total water body is frequently deweedifyed from floting hydrophytes.

A1.6g - Major Non-Fish Fauna : a) Aquatic Insects: Canthydrus laetablis, C. lactabilis (Walker), C. lactuosus (Aube), Hydrocoptus subvitlulus (Mots) , Laccophilus parvulus, Laccotrephes grisaus (Guerin), Laccotrephes ruber, Laccophilus flexusses Aube, Hydrovatus accuminatus, Cybister tripunctatus (Sharp), Cybister convexsus Sharp, Hydrovatus bonvoluri (Sharp), Hydrovatus confertus, Helochares ancholaris, Sternolophus rutipes (Fab), Ischnura verticalis (Say), Pseudogrion rubriceps (Selys), Ellagma parvus (Selys), Pseudogrion microcephalum (Rambur), Urothemis signata, Agriocnemis pygmoea (Rambur), Ranatra sordidula (Dohrn)., Ranatra filiformes, Ranatra elongata, Micronecta (Dichactoneda) halipliodes Horath., Micronecta merope, Diplonychus annulatus (Fab), Diplonychus rusticus, Hydrometra butlen Hungesford and Evans, Canthydrus flavus (Mots)., Coplatus indicus, Orectochilus (Patrus) productus, Coelostoma subditum, Hydrophilus olivaccous (Fab), Berosus idicus (Mots)

b) Crustaceans: Macrobrachium rosenbergii, M. idea, M. Malcolmsonii, M. javanicum, Exopalaeomon styliferous, c) Molluscs Bellamya bengalensis typica (Lamarck), Bellamya bengalensis doliaris (Gould), Pila globosa (Swainson), Lymnaca (Pseudosuccinia) acuminata typica (Lamarck), Indoplanorbis exustus (Deshayes), Thiarla (Tarebia) granifera (Lamarck), Thiara (Melanoides) tuberculata (Mullar), Lamellidens marginalis (Lamarck). d) Frogs. Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis (Schinder), Euphlyctis hexadactylus, Haplobatrachus tigrina, Natrix sp. e) Birds. Motacilla flava (Linn), M. alba (Linn), Ardea alba (Linn), Ardeola grayii (Sykes), Egretta intermedia (Linn), Amaurornis phoenicurus (Pennant), Alcedo atthis (Linn), Halcyon smyrnensis (Linn), Alcedo atthis (Linn), Phalacocorex niger (Vieillot), Phalacocorex niger (Vieillot)

A1.6h - Rare or endangered species, if there any : The following species recorded during the periods of investigation k) NT (Near Threatened) Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch), Ompok pabda (Hamilton), Wallago attu (Bloch & Schenider, 1801), Ailia coila (Hamilton, 1822), Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852, l) VU (Vulnareble) Cyprinus carpio carpio Linnaeus,

Page | 46

A1.6i - Major Flora : List of Hydrophytes Alternenthera sessilis L., Tillunthera sp., Eclipta alba Hassk., Oryza sativa (Var) fetua, Cyanotis axillaries Roem & Sch., Aeschynomene ampera Linn., Ipomea carnea fistula (Mart), Hygrorryza aristata Nees., Hydrocotyla asiatica Nees., Hydrilla sp., Potamogeton sp., Utricularia stellaris L.f., Chara sp., Nitella sp., Jussiaea repens Linn., Marsilea minuta L., Lemna sp., Pistia sp., Ipomoea aquatica Forrsk., Ludwigia sp., Asteracantha sp., Commelina bengalensis L., Leersia sp.

A1.6j - Hydrophyte covered area in the waterbody: Frequently managed waterbody. Frquently hydrophytes were deweedify for the local fisherman those are managing the fisheris practices inthis water body. However, very little marginal vegetation grow up and it nearly as follows. e) 8% surface coverage f) 12% bottom coverage of the water body

A1.6k - Patterns of use of the waterbody : h) Totally waste mater filled bank of the water body. Most of them are feaces of human beings and other animals which pollutes the water since long time. i) Local people and residents at the bank of the water body occasionally used this water body for some rituals and other purposes. j) Traditional fisheries were initiated by the initiatives of local administration an attemped has taken to reconstruction of the water body and finally little beat effective fisheries practice were found. k) In the rainy seasons though water column is found significantly decreased.

A1.6l - Seasonality (Conspicuous changes in different seasons) : during the rainy seasons the water body overflows it water and towards the summer its water level gradually decreased but never dried and at that time water column remains at least 4.3 mitres. However, only limited open areas were seen at the marginal side of the water body.

A1.6m - Degrading factors and threats to the water body : d) Nothing management is found to maintain the water quality e) Most of the organic load through the runoff water maid with the wate body and subsequently the organic load of the water body is increasing gradiually. Therefore utrophication is increasing year after year. f) Totally waste mater filled bank of the water body. Most of them are feaces of human beings and other animals which pollutes the water since long time.

A1.6n - Conservation efforts, if there any : NIL

A1.6o - Notes on local history, and folk beliefs, practices relating to the waterbody : NIL A1.6p - Notes on any other point on the water body, not yet covered : Temporal variation of water quality alongwith seasonal fluctuation of population dynamics of fishes along with other aquatic animals and hydrophytes in respect to the waterbody not yet covered.

Page | 47

A1.7: A1.7a - Name of the waterbody: BALI PUKHURIA, SONAKONIA, PURBA MEDINIPUR

A1.7b - Type of the waterbody: PERINNIAL, STADING WATER

A1.7c - Location Details (located near Balipukuria (21°45'33.12"N, 87°37'47.72"E; 21°45'27.74"N, 87°37'33.29"), West Bengal, India.).

A1.7d - Surface Areas covered (in ha) : Area 4.21 ha, perennial with natural vegetation of marginal gegitation (3%), floating (<1%) and submerged (3-4%) covering of the surface area of the waterbody less human interference, frequently fishes are collected by the local people : a. Maximum surface area covered in the study area 4.05 ha during peak of monsoon or any other time) b. Minimum surface area covered in the study are 4.6 ha in the peak of dry season

A1.7e - Connectivity and nature of water flow with any other water bodies: Totally confined, only the runnoff water from the adjoining areas of this water body.

A1.7f - Ownership and management pattern: Natural depression which was further dig out for a large water body and is formed for the use of fisheries purposes. Now, the local society for the fishery management were practices. Total water body is frequently deweedifyed from floting hydrophytes.

A1.7g - Major Non-Fish Fauna : f) Aquatic Insects: Canthydrus laetablis, C. lactabilis (Walker), C. lactuosus (Aube), Hydrocoptus subvitlulus (Mots) , Laccophilus parvulus, Laccotrephes grisaus (Guerin), Laccotrephes ruber, Laccophilus flexusses Aube, Hydrovatus accuminatus, Cybister tripunctatus (Sharp), Cybister convexsus Sharp, Hydrovatus bonvoluri (Sharp), Hydrovatus confertus, Helochares ancholaris, Sternolophus rutipes (Fab), Ischnura verticalis (Say), Pseudogrion rubriceps (Selys), Ellagma parvus (Selys), Pseudogrion microcephalum (Rambur), Berosus idicus (Mots), Pachudiplax sp. Nymph, Urothemis signata, Agriocnemis pygmoea (Rambur), Ranatra sordidula (Dohrn)., Ranatra filiformes, Ranatra elongata, Micronecta

Page | 48

(Dichactoneda) halipliodes Horath., Micronecta merope, Diplonychus annulatus (Fab), Diplonychus rusticus, Hydrometra butlen Hungesford and Evans, Canthydrus flavus (Mots)., Coplatus indicus, Orectochilus (Patrus) productus, Hydrochus sp., Coelostoma subditum, Hydrophilus olivaccous (Fab).

g) Crustaceans: Macrobrachium rosenbergii, M. idea, M. Malcolmsonii, M. javanicum, Exopalaeomon styliferous, h) Molluscs Bellamya bengalensis typica (Lamarck), Bellamya bengalensis doliaris (Gould), Pila globosa (Swainson), Indoplanorbis exustus (Deshayes), Thiara (Melanoides) tuberculata (Mullar), Lamellidens marginalis (Lamarck). i) Frogs. Euphlyctic cynophlyctus (Schinder), Haplobatrachus tigrina, Natrix sp.

j) Birds. Motacilla flava (Linn), M. alba (Linn), Ardea alba (Linn), Ardeola grayii (Sykes), Egretta intermedia (Linn), Amaurornis phoenicurus (Pennant), Alcedo atthis (Linn), Halcyon smyrnensis (Linn), Alcedo atthis (Linn), Phalacocorex niger (Vieillot), Phalacocorex niger (Vieillot)

A1.7h - Rare or endangered species, if there any : The following species recorded during the periods of investigation m) NT (Near Threatened) Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch), Ompok pabda (Hamilton), Wallago attu (Bloch & Schenider, 1801), Ailia coila (Hamilton, 1822), Anguilla bengalensis bengalensis (Gray, 1831), Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852, n) VU (Vulnareble) Cyprinus carpio carpio Linnaeus,

A1.7i - Major Flora : List of Hydrophytes Alternenthera sessilis L., Tillunthera sp., Eclipta alba Hassk., Oryza sativa (Var) fetua, Cyanotis axillaries Roem & Sch., Aeschynomene ampera Linn., Ipomea carnea fistula (Mart), Hygrorryza aristata Nees., Hydrocotyla asiatica Nees., Hydrilla sp., Potamogeton sp., Utricularia stellaris L.f., Chara sp., Nitella sp., Jussiaea repens Linn., Marsilea minuta L., Lemna sp., Pistia sp., Ipomoea aquatica Forrsk., Ludwigia sp., Asteracantha sp., Commelina bengalensis L., Leersia sp.

A1.7j - Hydrophyte covered area in the waterbody: Frequently managed waterbody. Frquently hydrophytes were deweedify for the local fisherman those are managing the fisheris practices inthis water body. However, very little marginal vegetation grow up and it nearly as follows. g) 8% surface coverage h) 12% bottom coverage of the water body

A1.7k - Patterns of use of the waterbody : l) Totally waste mater filled bank of the water body. Most of them are feaces of human beings and other animals which pollutes the water since long time. m) Local people and residents at the bank of the water body occasionally used this water body for some rituals and other purposes. n) Traditional fisheries were initiated by the initiatives of local administration an attemped has taken to reconstruction of the water body and finally little beat effective fisheries practice were found.

Page | 49

o) In the rainy seasons though water column is found significantly decreased.

A1.7l - Seasonality (Conspicuous changes in different seasons) : during the rainy seasons the water body overflows it water and towards the summer its water level gradually decreased but never dried and at that time water column remains at least 4.3 mitres. However, only limited open areas were seen at the marginal side of the water body.

A1.7m - Degrading factors and threats to the water body : g) Nothing management is found to maintain the water quality h) Most of the organic load through the runoff water maid with the wate body and subsequently the organic load of the water body is increasing gradiually. Therefore utrophication is increasing year after year. i) Totally waste mater filled bank of the water body. Most of them are feaces of human beings and other animals which pollutes the water since long time.

A1.7n - Conservation efforts, if there any : NIL

A1.7o - Notes on local history, and folk beliefs, practices relating to the waterbody : NIL A1.7p - Notes on any other point on the water body, not yet covered : Temporal variation of water quality alongwith seasonal fluctuation of population dynamics of fishes along with other aquatic animals and hydrophytes in respect to the waterbody not yet covered.

A1.8: A1.8a - Name of the waterbody: BAITALCHAWK, MOYNA, PURBA MEDINIPUR

A1.8b - Type of the waterbody: PERINNIAL- SEASONAL, STADING WATER

A1.8c - Location Details (located in Haldia industrial belt (22°3'36.93"N, 88°4'45.28"E; 22°3'27.18"N, 88° 4'35.11"E), West Bengal, India.).

Page | 50

A1.8d - Surface Areas covered (in ha) : Area 1648 ha, perennial with natural vegetation of marginal gegitation (3%), floating (<1%) and submerged (3-4%) covering of the surface area of the waterbody less human interference, frequently fishes are collected by the local people : a. Maximum surface area covered in the study area 1563 ha during peak of monsoon or any other time) b. Minimum surface area covered in the study are 37 ha in the peak of dry season

A1.8e - Connectivity and nature of water flow with any other water bodies: Totally confined, only the runnoff water from the adjoining areas of this water body.

A1.8f - Ownership and management pattern: Man made, dig out by the then Maharaja and thus a large water body is formed for the use of their own purposes. Now, the local society for the fishery management were practices. Total water body is frequently deweedifyed from floting hydrophytes.

A1.8g - Major Non-Fish Fauna : Page | 51

a) Aquatic Insects: Hydrocoptus subvitlulus (Mots), Canthydrus flavus (Mots)., Laccophilus parvulus, Laccotrephes grisaus (Guerin), Laccotrephes ruber, Laccophilus flexusses Aube, Hydrovatus accuminatus, Cybister tripunctatus (Sharp), Cybister convexsus Sharp, Hydrovatus confertus, Helochares ancholaris, Sternolophus rutipes (Fab), Ischnura verticalis (Say), Pseudogrion rubriceps (Selys), Ellagma parvus (Selys), Pseudogrion microcephalum (Rambur), Pachudiplax sp. Nymph, Urothemis signata, Agriocnemis pygmoea (Rambur), Ranatra sordidula (Dohrn)., Ranatra filiformes, Ranatra elongata, Diplonychus rusticus, Hydrometra butlen Hungesford and Evans, Coplatus indicus, Orectochilus (Patrus) productus, Coelostoma subditum, Hydrophilus olivaccous (Fab), Berosus idicus (Mots)

b) Crustaceans: Macrobrachium rosenbergii, M. idea, M. Malcolmsonii, M. javanicum, Exopalaeomon styliferous, c) Molluscs Bellamya bengalensis typica (Lamarck), Bellamya bengalensis doliaris (Gould), Pila globosa (Swainson), Lymnaca (Pseudosuccinia) acuminata typica (Lamarck), Thiara (Tarebia) lineata (Gray), Lamellidens marginalis (Lamarck). d) Frogs. Euphlyctic cynophlyctus (Schinder), Haplobatrachus tigrina, Natrix sp.

e) Birds. Motacilla flava (Linn), M. alba (Linn), Ardea alba (Linn), Ardeola grayii (Sykes), Egretta intermedia (Linn), Amaurornis phoenicurus (Pennant), Alcedo atthis (Linn), Halcyon smyrnensis (Linn), Alcedo atthis (Linn), Phalacocorex niger (Vieillot), Phalacocorex niger (Vieillot)

A1.8h - Rare or endangered species, if there any : The following species recorded during the periods of investigation a) NT (Near Threatened) Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch), Ompok pabda (Hamilton), Wallago attu (Bloch & Schenider, 1801), Ailia coila (Hamilton, 1822), Anguilla bengalensis bengalensis (Gray, 1831), Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852, b) VU (Vulnareble) Cyprinus carpio carpio Linnaeus.

A1.8i - Major Flora : List of Hydrophytes Alternenthera sessilis L., Tillunthera sp., Eclipta alba Hassk., Oryza sativa (Var) fetua, Cyanotis axillaries Roem & Sch., Aeschynomene ampera Linn., Ipomea carnea fistula (Mart), Hygrorryza aristata Nees., Hydrocotyla asiatica Nees., Hydrilla sp., Potamogeton sp., Utricularia stellaris L.f., Chara sp., Nitella sp., Jussiaea repens Linn., Marsilea minuta L., Lemna sp., Pistia sp., Ipomoea aquatica Forrsk., Ludwigia sp., Asteracantha sp., Commelina bengalensis L., Leersia sp.

A1.8j - Hydrophyte covered area in the waterbody: Frequently managed waterbody. Frquently hydrophytes were deweedify for the local fisherman those are managing the fisheris practices inthis water body. However, very little marginal vegetation grow up and it nearly as follows. i) 2% surface coverage j) 6% bottom coverage of the water body

Page | 52

A1.8k - Patterns of use of the waterbody : a) Waste mater are frequently filled the bank of the water body. Most of them are feaces of human beings and other animals which pollutes the water since long time. b) Local people and residents at the bank of the water body now used this water body for commercial fisheries. c) This waterbody also used for some rituals and other domestic purposed basically ythose are residents of the nearby of this water body. d) In some pereiferal areas and in the adjoining areas it is seen that traditional fisheries were initiated by the initiatives of local administration an attemped has been taken to reconstruction of the water body from the vast lowland paddy field and finally little beat effective fisheries practice were found. e) In the rainy seasons though water column is found significantly decreased and dried up.

A1.8l - Seasonality (Conspicuous changes in different seasons) : during the rainy seasons the water body overflows it water and towards the summer its water level gradually decreased but never dried and at that time water column remains at least 4.3 mitres. However, only limited open areas were seen at the marginal side of the water body.

A1.8m - Degrading factors and threats to the water body : j) Nothing management is found to maintain the water quality k) Most of the organic load through the runoff water maid with the wate body and subsequently the organic load of the water body is increasing gradiually. Therefore utrophication is increasing year after year. l) Totally waste mater filled bank of the water body. Most of them are feaces of human beings and other animals which pollutes the water since long time.

A1.8n - Conservation efforts, if there any : NIL

A1.8o - Notes on local history, and folk beliefs, practices relating to the waterbody : NIL A1.8p - Notes on any other point on the water body, not yet covered : Temporal variation of water quality alongwith seasonal fluctuation of population dynamics of fishes along with other aquatic animals and hydrophytes in respect to the waterbody not yet covered.

A1.9: KHASH PANCHPUKURIA, KAMARBARH, PURBA MEDINIPUR

A1.9a - Name of the waterbody: KHASH PANCHPUKURIA, KAMARBARH, PURBA MEDINIPUR A1.9b - Type of the waterbody: PERINNIAL- SEASONAL, STADING WATER

A1.9c - Location Details (22°18'32.32"N, 87°52'31.59"E; 22°17'38.74"N, 87°51'41.71"E), West Bengal, India.).

Page | 53

A1.9d - Surface Areas covered (in ha) : Area 65 ha, perennial with natural vegetation of marginal gegitation (3%), floating (<1%) and submerged (3-4%) covering of the surface area of the waterbody less human interference, frequently fishes are collected by the local people : c. Maximum surface area covered in the study area 61 ha during peak of monsoon or any other time) d. Minimum surface area covered in the study are 56 ha in the peak of dry season

A1.9e - Connectivity and nature of water flow with any other water bodies: Totally confined, only the runnoff water from the adjoining areas of the agricultural field and a nearby canal of this water body.

A1.9f - Ownership and management pattern: Natural depression and subsequently renovated by the local actidvists with the help of the local administration thus such large water bodies are formed for the use of fisheries purposes. Now, the local society for the fishery management were practices. Total water body is frequently deweedifyed from floting hydrophytes.

A1.9g - Major Non-Fish Fauna : f) Aquatic Insects: Laccophilus parvulus, Laccotrephes grisaus (Guerin), Laccotrephes ruber, Laccophilus flexusses Aube, Hydrovatus accuminatus, Cybister tripunctatus (Sharp), Cybister convexsus Sharp, Hydrocoptus subvitlulus (Mots), Canthydrus flavus (Mots)., Hydrovatus confertus, Helochares ancholaris, Sternolophus rutipes (Fab), Ischnura verticalis (Say), Pseudogrion rubriceps (Selys), Ellagma parvus (Selys), Pseudogrion microcephalum (Rambur), Pachudiplax sp. Nymph, Urothemis signata, Agriocnemis pygmoea (Rambur), Ranatra sordidula (Dohrn)., Ranatra filiformes, Ranatra elongata, Diplonychus rusticus, Hydrometra butlen Hungesford and Evans, Coplatus indicus, Orectochilus (Patrus) productus, Coelostoma subditum, Hydrophilus olivaccous (Fab), Berosus idicus (Mots)

g) Crustaceans: Macrobrachium rosenbergii, M. idea, M. Malcolmsonii, M. javanicum, Exopalaeomon styliferous,

h) Molluscs Bellamya bengalensis typica (Lamarck), Bellamya bengalensis doliaris (Gould), Pila globosa (Swainson), Lymnaca acuminata typica (Lamarck), Thiara lineata (Gray), Lamellidens marginalis (Lamarck).

Page | 54

i) Frogs. Euphlyctic cynophlyctus (Schinder), Haplobatrachus tigrina, Natrix sp.

j) Birds. Motacilla flava (Linn), Motacilla alba (Linn), Ardea alba (Linn), Ardeola grayii (Sykes), Egretta intermedia (Linn), Amaurornis phoenicurus (Pennant), Alcedo atthis (Linn), Halcyon smyrnensis (Linn), Alcedo atthis (Linn), Phalacocorex niger (Vieillot), Phalacocorex niger (Vieillot)

A1.9h - Rare or endangered species, if there any : The following species recorded during the periods of investigation c) NT (Near Threatened) Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch), Ompok pabda (Hamilton), Wallago attu (Bloch & Schenider, 1801), Ailia coila (Hamilton, 1822), Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852, d) VU (Vulnareble) Cyprinus carpio carpio Linnaeus.

A1.9i - Major Flora : List of Hydrophytes Alternenthera sessilis L., Tillunthera sp., Eclipta alba Hassk., Oryza sativa (Var) fetua, Cyanotis axillaries Roem & Sch., Aeschynomene ampera Linn., Ipomea carnea fistula (Mart), Hygrorryza aristata Nees., Hydrocotyla asiatica Nees., Hydrilla sp., Potamogeton sp., Utricularia stellaris L.f., Nitella sp., Leersia sp. Jussiaea repens Linn., Marsilea minuta L., Lemna sp., Pistia sp., Ipomoea aquatica Forrsk., Ludwigia sp., Asteracantha sp., Commelina bengalensis L.

A1.9j - Hydrophyte covered area in the waterbody: Frequently managed waterbody. Frquently hydrophytes were deweedify by the local fisherman those are managing the fisheris practices in this water body. However, very little marginal vegetation grown up and it nearly as follows. k) 8-12% surface coverage l) 10-20 % bottom coverage of the water body

A1.9k - Patterns of use of the waterbody : a) ank of the water body infested by the faecal waste which pollutes the water since long time. b) Local people and residents at the bank of the water body most frequently used this water body for some rituals and other purposes. c) Traditional fisheries were initiated by the initiatives of local administration an attemped has taken to reconstruction of the water body and finally little beat effective commercial fisheries practice were found. d) In the rainy seasons though water column is found significantly increase and overflooded but during the summer it is decreased considerably.

A1.9l - Seasonality (Conspicuous changes in different seasons) : during the rainy seasons the water body overflows it water and towards the summer its water level gradually decreased but never dried and at that time water column remains at least 4 mitres.

A1.9m - Degrading factors and threats to the water body : m) None of the management is found to maintain the water quality except frequent deweedification and liming

Page | 55

n) Most of the organic load through the runoff water maid with the wate body and subsequently the organic load of the water body is increasing gradiually. Therefore, utrophication is increasing year after year.

A1.9n - Conservation efforts, if there any : NIL

A1.9o - Notes on local history, and folk beliefs, practices relating to the waterbody : NIL A1.9p - Notes on any other point on the water body, not yet covered : Temporal variation of water quality alongwith seasonal fluctuation of population dynamics of fishes along with other aquatic animals and hydrophytes in respect to the waterbody not yet covered.

A1.10: A1.10a - Name of the waterbody: SHILABOTI RIEVER

A1.10b - Type of the waterbody: PERINNIAL, RUNNING WATER

A1.10c - Location Details: The Silabati River (also known as Silai) originates in the terrain of the Chhota Nagpur Plateau in the Purulia district of the state of West Bengal in eastern India. It flows in an almost southeasterly direction through the districts of Bankura and West Midnapore. This river is running near about 91.9 km The Silabati joins the Dwarakeswar near Ghatal and afterwards is known as Rupnarayan. It finally joins the Haldi River, which empties into the Bay of Bengal. Almost every year the Silabati causes flooding, particularly in Banka, Khirpai and Ghatal area. There is a small reservoir on the Silabati near Khatra known as Kadam Deuli Dam where a canal from Mukutmanipur Kangsabati dam meets. Suervey were made different locations of fishing areas i.e. located 22°20'57.55"N, 87°17'45.68"E; 22.103072, 87.596226; 22.116085, 87.645850; 22.103651, 87.629309, 22.121577, 87.683303 in Paschim Medinipur District, West Bengal, India.

Page | 56

A1.10d - Surface Areas covered (in ha) : e. Maximum surface area covered in the location of the study area 4.3 ha during peak of monsoon or any other time) f. Minimum surface area covered in the location of the study are 3.9 ha in the peak of dry season

A1.10e - Connectivity and nature of water flow with any other water bodies: running water though frequently the stagnant water logging found within the sand dune. The main water source is rain otherwise most of the part if it is dries up during the summer season.

A1.10f - Ownership and management pattern : Vested land of the Government.

A1.10g - Major Non-Fish Fauna : a) Aquatic Insects: Canthydrus flavus (Mots)., Coplatus indicus, Hydraticus bimarginatus, Hydraena marginicollis, Agabus brunneus, Phaenomotum minor, Berosus infuscatus, Cybister fimbriolatus, Cybester tripunctatus, Sternolophus rufipes, Ischnura verticalis, Pseudogrion rubriceps, Ellagma parvus, Pseudogrion microcephalum, Urothemis signata, Coelostoma subditum, Hydrophilus olivaccou, Berosus idicus, Laccotrephes ruber, Laccophilus flexusses, Ranatra sordidula, Ranatra filiformes, Ranatra elongata, Diplonychus rusticus, Lethocerus indicus, Anisops bouvieri, Notonecta obliqua, Microvelia beameri, Micronecta merope, Micronecta (Dichactoneda) halipliodes Horath. Pseudogrion microcephalum Hydrovatus confertus, Helochares ancholaris.

b) Crustaceans: Exopalaeomon styliferous, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, M. idea, M. Malcolmsonii, M. javanicum, Penaeus indicus, Penaeus vannamei, Paenius acetus, Paenius monodon. c) Molluscs Lymnaca (Pseudosuccinia) acuminata typica (Lamarck), Indoplanorbis exustus (Deshayes), Thiara (Tarebia) granifera (Lamarck), Thiara (Melanoides) tuberculata (Mullar), Thiara (Tarebia) lineata (Gray),

d) Frogs. Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis (Schinder), Euphlyctis hexadactylus, Haplobatrachus tigrina, Natrix sp.

e) Birds. Motacilla flava (Linn), M. alba (Linn), Ardea alba (Linn), Ardeola grayii (Sykes), Egretta intermedia (Linn), Egretta garzetta (Linn), Amaurornis phoenicurus (Pennant), Metopidius indicus (Latham), Alcedo atthis (Linn), Halcyon smyrnensis (Linn), Pelargopsis capensis (Linn), Alcedo atthis (Linn), Actitis hypolleucos Linnaeus, 1758, Himantopus himantopus (Linnaeus, 1758), Calidris minuta (Leisler, 1812),

A1.10h - Rare or endangered species, if there any : The following species recorded during the periods of investigation a) NT (Near Threatened) Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch), Ompok pabo (Hamilton), Wallago attu (Bloch & Schenider, 1801), Ailia coila (Hamilton, 1822), Chitala chitala (Hamilton), Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes), Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852, b) VU (Vulnareble) Cyprinus carpio carpio Linnaeus,

Page | 57

A1.10i - Major Flora : List of Hydrophytes Eclipta alba Hassk., Monochoria hastate Solms., Oryza sativa (Var) fetua, Ipomea carnea fistula (Mart), Hygrorryza aristata Nees., Hydrocotyla asiatica Nees., Marsilea minuta L., Ludwigia sp., Asteracantha sp., Commelina bengalensis L., Hydrilla sp., Potamogeton sp., Nitella sp..

A1.10j - Hydrophyte covered area in the waterbody: m) 2% surface coverage n) 8% bottom coverage of the water body:

A1.10k - Patterns of use of the waterbody : o) Domestic purposed by the local people and residents at the bank of the water body p) Only capture fisheries were done by the by the local fisherman at their respective territorial marked region. Several fishing gears are used for this. q) Irrigation

A1.10l - Seasonality (Conspicuous changes in different seasons) : During the rainy seasons the overflows it water and a large part of the paschim Midnapore district is flooded over specially Ghatal subdivision. At the mid summer its water level gradually decreased but never dried and at that time water column remains at least 1.6 mitres.

A1.10m - Degrading factors and threats to the water body : a. Water excessively used by the local inhabitants for their daily purposes. b. For agriculture pactice at the bank of the river, huge amounts of nutrients also run off in to the river, and specially during the summer season, frequently algal bloom is observed specially stagnified areas of the river. c. Water column is reporting declining over the years due to high rate siltation therefore overflood is one of the predominant natural trouble for thee local people.

A1.10n - Conservation efforts, if there any : NIL

A1.10o - Notes on local history, and folk beliefs, practices relating to the waterbody : This is property of the Governement A1.10p - Notes on any other point on the water body, not yet covered : Temporal variation of water quality alongwith seasonal fluctuation of population dynamics of fishes along with other aquatic animals and hydrophytes in respect to the waterbody not yet covered.

A1.11 :

A1.11a - Name of the waterbody: HALDI RIEVER, PURBA MEDINIPUR

A1. 11b - Type of the waterbody: PERINNIAL, RUNNING

A1. 11c - Location Details: Haldi River is a tributary of Hooghly River flowing through Purba Medinipur district of the Indian state of West Bengal. The Keleghai joins the Kansai at Tangrakhali under Mahisadal police station in Tamluk subdivision. The combined stream is called Haldi River. It is 24 kilometres long. It is the last major river to flow into the Hooghly before the latter flows into the sea. The Haldi joins the Hooghly at the industrial town of Haldia.

Page | 58

Survey were done at the different location alongwith the flow on the Purba Medinipur District. Thise locations are Nandigram- 22° 1'3.04"N, 88° 2'45.49"E ; Balughata- 22° 4'38.67"N, 88° 1'2.83"E; Nayachawk - 22° 5'47.68"N, 87°57'19.55"E; Narghat - 22° 8'5.61"N, 87°53'20.91"E; Tangrakhali ghat - 22° 9'47.17"N, 87°50'1.15"E of Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India.)

Haldi River, Haldia, Purba Medinipur

A1. 11d - Surface Areas covered (in ha) : g. Maximum surface area covered in an average 95-100 % during peak of monsoon or any other time) h. Minimum surface area covered in an average 3-9 % in the peak of dry season

A1. 11e - Connectivity and nature of water flow with any other water bodies: Running water but partially confined, Mainly rain water feeded riever therefore during the summer seasons most of the areas are dried up and only a small portion is running with scanty of water column.

A1. 11f - Ownership and management pattern : Government Property, No management were done in respect to the fisheries and its quality management. Some local places in the river is demareted and specify for the landing of sheltered based fisheries practices by the near b people.

A1. 11g - Major Non-Fish Fauna : a) Aquatic Insects: b) Cybister fimbriolatus, Cybester tripunctatus, Canthydrus flavus (Mots)., Coplatus indicus, Hydraticus bimarginatus, Hydraena marginicollis, Agabus brunneus, Phaenomotum minor, Berosus infuscatus, Sternolophus rufipes, Pseudogrion rubriceps, Ellagma parvus, Pseudogrion microcephalum, Urothemis signata, Coelostoma subditum, Hydrophilus olivaccou, Berosus idicus, Laccotrephes ruber, Laccophilus flexusses, Ranatra sordidula, Ranatra filiformes, Ranatra elongata, Diplonychus rusticus, Anisops bouvieri, Notonecta obliqua, Microvelia beameri, Micronecta merope, Micronecta (Dichactoneda) halipliodes Horath. Pseudogrion microcephalum Hydrovatus confertus, Helochares ancholaris.

Page | 59

c) Crustaceans: Exopalaeomon styliferous, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, M. idea, M. Malcolmsonii, M. javanicum, Penaeus indicus, Penaeus vannamei, Paenius acetus, Paenius monodon.

d) Molluscs Bellamya bengalensis typica (Lamarck), Bellamya bengalensis doliaris (Gould), Pila globosa (Swainson), Thiara (Tarebia) lineata (Gray), Thiarla (Tarebia) granifera (Lamarck), Thiara (Melanoides) tuberculata (Mullar), Lymnaca (Pseudosuccinia) acuminata typica (Lamarck), Indoplanorbis exustus (Deshayes), Lamellidens marginalis (Lamarck)

e) Frogs. Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis (Schinder), Euphlyctis hexadactylus, Haplobatrachus tigrina, Natrix sp.

f) Birds. Motacilla flava (Linn), M. alba (Linn), Ardea alba (Linn), Ardeola grayii (Sykes), Egretta intermedia (Linn), Egretta garzetta (Linn), Amaurornis phoenicurus (Pennant), Metopidius indicus (Latham), Alcedo atthis (Linn), Halcyon smyrnensis (Linn), Pelargopsis capensis (Linn), Alcedo atthis (Linn), Actitis hypolleucos Linnaeus, 1758, Himantopus himantopus (Linnaeus, 1758), Calidris minuta (Leisler, 1812),

A1. 11h - Rare or endangered species, if there any : a) NT (Near Threatened) Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch), Ompok pabo (Hamilton), Wallago attu (Bloch & Schenider, 1801), Ailia coila (Hamilton, 1822), Chitala chitala (Hamilton), Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes), Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852, b) VU (Vulnareble) Cyprinus carpio carpio Linnaeus,

A1. 11i - Major Flora : List of Hydrophytes (most ofthese are found at the periphery or bank of the rivere) Eclipta alba Hassk., Monochoria hastate Solms., Oryza sativa (Var) fetua, Ipomea carnea fistula (Mart), Hygrorryza aristata Nees., Hydrocotyla asiatica Nees., Marsilea minuta L., Ludwigia sp., Asteracantha sp., Commelina bengalensis L.

A1. 11j - Hydrophyte covered area in the waterbody: o) 5% surface coverage p) 8% bottom coverage of the water body:

A1. 11k - Patterns of use of the waterbody : a) Local people and residents at the bank of the riever depends on various aspects on this river. Fishers mans and local residents are depending on the capture of riverine fishes using different fishing gears. b) Several local people are depends on the fish seed collection mainly from the riever. c) Water also use for the transportation at the adjacent areas. d) Irrigation perposes in the agricultural fields at the bank of the riever

Page | 60

A1. 11l - Seasonality (Conspicuous changes in different seasons) : During the rainy seasons the water body overflows it water and towards the summer its water level gradually decreased but never dried and at that time water column remains at least 1.6 mitres.

A1. 11m - Degrading factors and threats to the water body : a. Exclusively capture type of fisheries pactice were done in this river. b. Water column is maintaind similar type because it’s wate column running through tidal amplitude and therefore watr is brackish in nature. c. Nothing of the management practice were found in nany respect even for the future fish availability.

A1. 11n - Conservation efforts, if there any : No conservation effort has been initiated so far.

A1. 11o - Notes on local history, and folk beliefs, practices relating to the waterbody : Nil A1. 11p - Notes on any other point on the water body, not yet covered : Temporal variation of water quality alongwith seasonal fluctuation of population dynamics of fishes along with other aquatic animals and hydrophytes in respect to the waterbody not yet covered.

A1.12 :

A1.12a - Name of the waterbody: RASULPUR RIEVER

A1. 12b - Type of the waterbody: PERINNIAL, STAGNANT

A1. 12c - Location Details: The Rasulpur River (also spelt Rasalpur) is a tributary of the Hooghly River that are running about 144.6 km. The Rasulpur flows through Paschim Medinipur and Purba Medinipur districts. It flows as Bagda River until Kalinagar and then flows as Rasulpur River. Its tributaries are Itaberia Khal, Mugberia Khal and Palabani Khal. It joins the Hooghly shortly after Kaukhali lighthouse opposite Sagar Island. Survey were done at the different location alongwith the flow at the specific locations as 21°47'34.56", 87°53'3.91"E; 21°52'26.05"N, 87°51'19.51"E); Ali Chawk 21°54'46.70"N, 87°49'38.71"E; 21°55'7.04"N, 87°46'33.14"E; 21°59'4.65"N, 87°42'1.69"E; near Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India.)

A1. 12d - Surface Areas covered (in ha) : i. Maximum surface area covered in an average 95-100 % during peak of monsoon or any other time) j. Minimum surface area covered in an average 3-9 % in the peak of dry season

A1. 12e - Connectivity and nature of water flow with any other water bodies: Running water but partially confined, Mainly rain water feeded riever therefore during the summer seasons most of the areas are dried up and only a small portion is running with scanty of water column.

Page | 61

A1. 12f - Ownership and management pattern : Government Property

A1. 12g - Major Non-Fish Fauna : g) Aquatic Insects: Canthydrus flavus (Mots)., Coplatus indicus, Hydraticus bimarginatus, Hydraena marginicollis, Agabus brunneus, Phaenomotum minor, Berosus infuscatus, Cybister fimbriolatus, Cybester tripunctatus, Sternolophus rufipes, Ischnura verticalis, Pseudogrion rubriceps, Ellagma parvus, Pseudogrion microcephalum, Urothemis signata, Coelostoma subditum, Hydrophilus olivaccou, Berosus idicus, Laccotrephes ruber, Laccophilus flexusses, Ranatra sordidula, Ranatra filiformes, Ranatra elongata, Diplonychus rusticus, Lethocerus indicus, Anisops bouvieri, Notonecta obliqua, Microvelia beameri, Micronecta merope, Micronecta (Dichactoneda) halipliodes Horath. Pseudogrion microcephalum Hydrovatus confertus, Helochares ancholaris.

h) Crustaceans: Exopalaeomon styliferous, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, M. idea, M. Malcolmsonii, M. javanicum, Penaeus indicus, Penaeus vannamei, Paenius acetus, Paenius monodon.

i) Molluscs Bellamya bengalensis typica (Lamarck), Bellamya bengalensis doliaris (Gould), Pila globosa (Swainson), Thiara (Tarebia) lineata (Gray), Thiarla (Tarebia) granifera (Lamarck), Thiara (Melanoides) tuberculata (Mullar), Lymnaca (Pseudosuccinia) acuminata typica (Lamarck), Indoplanorbis exustus (Deshayes), Lamellidens marginalis (Lamarck)

j) Frogs. Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis (Schinder), Euphlyctis hexadactylus, Haplobatrachus tigrina, Natrix sp.

k) Birds. Motacilla flava (Linn), M. alba (Linn), Ardea alba (Linn), Ardeola grayii (Sykes), Egretta intermedia (Linn), Egretta garzetta (Linn), Amaurornis phoenicurus (Pennant), Metopidius indicus (Latham), Alcedo atthis (Linn), Halcyon smyrnensis (Linn), Pelargopsis capensis (Linn), Alcedo atthis (Linn), Actitis hypolleucos Linnaeus, 1758, Himantopus himantopus (Linnaeus, 1758), Calidris minuta (Leisler, 1812), A1. 12h - Rare or endangered species, if there any : a) NT (Near Threatened) Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch), Ompok pabo (Hamilton), Wallago attu (Bloch & Schenider, 1801), Ailia coila (Hamilton, 1822), Chitala chitala (Hamilton), Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes), Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852, b) VU (Vulnareble) Cyprinus carpio carpio Linnaeus,

A1. 12i - Major Flora : List of Hydrophytes Eclipta alba Hassk., Monochoria hastate Solms., Oryza sativa (Var) fetua, Ipomea carnea fistula (Mart), Hygrorryza aristata Nees., Hydrocotyla asiatica Nees., Marsilea minuta L., Ludwigia sp., Asteracantha sp., Commelina bengalensis L.

Page | 62

A1. 12j - Hydrophyte covered area in the waterbody: q) 2% surface coverage r) 5% bottom coverage of the water body:

A1. 12k - Patterns of use of the waterbody : e) Local people and residents at the bank of the riever depends on various aspects on this river. Fishers mans and local residents are depending on the capture of riverine fishes using different fishing gears. f) Several local people are depends on the fish seed collection mainly of Paenius monodon from the riever. g) Water also use for the transportation at the adjacent areas. h) Irrigation perposes in the agricultural fields at the bank of the riever

A1. 12l - Seasonality (Conspicuous changes in different seasons) : During the rainy seasons the water body overflows it water and towards the summer its water level gradually decreased but never dried and at that time water column remains at least 1.6 mitres.

A1. 12m - Degrading factors and threats to the water body : a. Local people and residents at the bank of the riever depends on various aspects on this river. b. Fishers mans and local residents are depending on the capture of riverine fishes using different fishing gears. c. Several local people are depends on the fish seed collection mainly from the riever. d. Water also use for the transportation at the adjacent areas. e. Irrigation perposes in the agricultural fields at the bank of the riever

A1. 12n - Conservation efforts, if there any : No conservation effort has been initiated so far.

A1. 12o - Notes on local history, and folk beliefs, practices relating to the waterbody : A1. 12p - Notes on any other point on the water body, not yet covered : Temporal variation of water quality alongwith seasonal fluctuation of population dynamics of fishes along with other aquatic animals and hydrophytes in respect to the waterbody not yet covered.

A1.13 :

A1.13a - Name of the waterbody: RUPNARAYAN RIEVER

A1. 13b - Type of the waterbody: PERINNIAL, STAGNANT

A1. 13c - Location Details: The Rupnarayan River is begins as the Dhaleswari (Dhalkisor) in the Chhota Nagpur plateau foothills northeast of the town of Purulia. It then follows a tortuous southeasterly course past the town of Bankura, where it is known as the Dwarakeswar river. Near the town of Ghatal, Paschim Medinipur it is joined by the Shilabati river, where it takes the name Rupnarayan. Finally, it joins the Hoogli River. It

Page | 63

is famous for the Hilsa fish that live in it and are used in Bengali cuisine. It is also notable for the West Bengal Power Development Corporation Limited (WBPDCL) thermal power plant built along its bank at Kolaghat in West Bengal. Survey were done at the different location alongwith the flow that are running about 74.8 km on the Purba Medinipur District (Geonkhali - 22°12'30.66"N, 88° 2'23.98"E; Deuli - 22°15'58.05"N, 87°58'16.61"E; Tamluk - 22°17'53.21"N, 87°56'18.73"E; Kolaghat - 22°26'0.24"N, 87°53'5.04"E; Bakshi- 22°31'41.86"N, 87°53'22.50"E; Gopiganj - 22°33'26.58"N, 87°50'40.80"E) along with Purba Medinipur, and some part of Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal, India.)

Mahisadal Tamluk

Tamluk Kolaghat

A1. 13d - Surface Areas covered (in ha) : k. Maximum surface area covered in an average 95-100 % during peak of monsoon or any other time) l. Minimum surface area covered in an average 75-93 % in the peak of dry season

A1. 13e - Connectivity and nature of water flow with any other water bodies: Running water but partially confined, Mainly rain water feeded riever therefore during the summer seasons most of the areas are dried up and only a small portion is running with scanty of water column.

A1. 13f - Ownership and management pattern : Government roerty.

A1. 13g - Major Non-Fish Fauna : l) Aquatic Insects:

Canthydrus flavus (Mots)., Coplatus indicus, Hydraticus bimarginatus, Hydraena marginicollis, Agabus brunneus, Phaenomotum minor, Berosus infuscatus, Cybister fimbriolatus, Cybester tripunctatus, Sternolophus rufipes, Ischnura verticalis, Pseudogrion rubriceps, Ellagma parvus, Pseudogrion microcephalum, Urothemis signata, Coelostoma subditum, Hydrophilus olivaccou, Berosus idicus, Laccotrephes ruber, Laccophilus flexusses, Ranatra sordidula, Ranatra filiformes, Ranatra elongata, Diplonychus rusticus, Lethocerus indicus, Anisops bouvieri, Notonecta obliqua, Microvelia beameri, Micronecta merope, Micronecta (Dichactoneda) halipliodes Horath. Pseudogrion microcephalum Hydrovatus confertus, Helochares ancholaris.

Page | 64

m) Crustaceans: Exopalaeomon styliferous, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, M. idea, M. Malcolmsonii, M. javanicum, Penaeus indicus, Penaeus vannamei, Paenius acetus, Paenius monodon.

n) Molluscs Bellamya bengalensis typica (Lamarck), Bellamya bengalensis doliaris (Gould), Pila globosa (Swainson), Thiara (Tarebia) lineata (Gray), Thiarla (Tarebia) granifera (Lamarck), Thiara (Melanoides) tuberculata (Mullar), Lymnaca (Pseudosuccinia) acuminata typica (Lamarck), Indoplanorbis exustus (Deshayes), Lamellidens marginalis (Lamarck)

o) Frogs. Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis (Schinder), Euphlyctis hexadactylus, Haplobatrachus tigrina, Natrix sp.

p) Birds. Motacilla flava (Linn), M. alba (Linn), Ardea alba (Linn), Ardeola grayii (Sykes), Egretta intermedia (Linn), Egretta garzetta (Linn), Amaurornis phoenicurus (Pennant), Metopidius indicus (Latham), Alcedo atthis (Linn), Halcyon smyrnensis (Linn), Pelargopsis capensis (Linn), Alcedo atthis (Linn), Actitis hypolleucos Linnaeus, 1758, Himantopus himantopus (Linnaeus, 1758), Calidris minuta (Leisler, 1812), A1. 13h - Rare or endangered species, if there any : a) NT (Near Threatened) Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch), Ompok pabo (Hamilton), Wallago attu (Bloch & Schenider, 1801), Ailia coila (Hamilton, 1822), Chitala chitala (Hamilton), Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes), Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852, b) VU (Vulnareble) Cyprinus carpio carpio Linnaeus,

A1. 13i - Major Flora : List of Hydrophytes Eclipta alba Hassk., Monochoria hastate Solms., Oryza sativa (Var) fetua, Ipomea carnea fistula (Mart), Hygrorryza aristata Nees., Hydrocotyla asiatica Nees., Marsilea minuta L., Ludwigia sp., Asteracantha sp., Commelina bengalensis L., Hydrilla sp., Potamogeton sp., Nitella sp..

A1. 13j - Hydrophyte covered area in the waterbody: s) 2% surface coverage at the site of observation t) 1% bottom coverage of the water body:

A1. 13k - Patterns of use of the waterbody : a) Local people and residents at the bank of the riever depends on various aspects on this river. Fishers mans and local residents are depending on the capture of riverine fishes using different fishing gears. b) Several local people are depends on the fish seed collection mainly from the riever. c) Water also use for the transportation at the adjacent areas. d) Irrigation perposes in the agricultural fields at the bank of the riever

A1. 13l - Seasonality (Conspicuous changes in different seasons) : Tidal water running its 75 -80 % of the lower parts like Bakshi and Gopiganj. During the rainy seasons the water table increases and some times overflows it water and towards the summer its water level gradually decreased but its minimum level maintained with the level of tidal water. It is

Page | 65

reported that at the summer seasons it water table veries appoximatel from 17 mitres to 7 mitres and at the upper portion it reduced to 7 mitres to 3 mitres.

A1. 13m - Degrading factors and threats to the water body : a. Water more or less used by the local inhabitants for their everyday use purposes. b. Most of the local fisher man are depandant on the river due to their limited fish collection through various locally maid fishing gears. Hhuse amount of the brakhish water fishes are available in this river even during the rainy season Tinualosa ilisha caught frequently from this riever. c. Water table also used for transportation by boat or machanised boat. Upto the Haldia Steamers d. Water column is reporting declining over the years due to high rate siltation.

A1. 13n - Conservation efforts, if there any : No conservation effort has been initiated so far.

A1. 13o - Notes on local history, and folk beliefs, practices relating to the waterbody : A1. 13p - Notes on any other point on the water body, not yet covered : Temporal variation of water quality alongwith seasonal fluctuation of population dynamics of fishes along with other aquatic animals and hydrophytes in respect to the waterbody not yet covered.

Page | 66

Format A1: Database of smaller water bodies (e.g. Ponds, Nayanjuli, etc) surveyed in the region Paschim Medinipur during 22-04-13 To 21- 04-15

Type of Locality of the survey approx. Size (ha) Most Notes on Conspicuous Conspicuous non-fish Notes on small Number/ha range of abunda Use flora/hydrophyte fauna degradation water of locality the nt Patterns cover factors, bodies waterbod Size conservation y type i.e. (ha) efforts max-min

1 Parikha – Moynagarh Font Single Area 39 Area 39 Man On average 20-60% Most common Most of the a Canal Inner Pond, ha ha made, hydrophytes covers conspicuous aquatic water body is type large 22°20'57.55"N, perineal the surface areas fauna are eutrophic due Macrobrachium idea, to domestic water 87°17'45.68"E with Commelina organic load, natural bengalensis L. M. Malcolmsonii, body Ranatra filiformes frequestly use Moynagar vegetatio Ipomoea aquatica of Mohua Oil Forrsk. Eichhornia sp. Diplonychus rusticus, h n, more Bellamya bengalensis Cake for mas human Lemna sp. Nymphaea typica, Bellamya killing and interferen nouchali Burm. f. bengalensis doliaris , deweedificatio n, ce, Ipomea carnea fistula Pila globosa (Swainson)’ (Mart) Ipomea carnea Embankment, piscicultu Euphlyctic cynophlyctus fistula (Mart) Cyperus (Schinder), restricted and re selected sp. Scirpus articulatus Haplobatrachus tigrina, practiced Natrix sp. Ardeola grayii, spawn for (Linn.) Sagiteria sp. culture frequentl Phragmites sp. Oryza Egretta intermedia, y carried specially sativa (Var) fetua Amaurornis owner’s out Monochoria hastate phoenicurus, wetland Solms. Eclipta alba Metopidius indicus, causes water Hassk Alternenthera Alcedo atthis, Halcyon quality sessilis L. Tillunthera smyrnensis, degradation. sp. Pelargopsis capensis, Phalacocorex niger.

Page | 67

2 Cluster of Egra Township areas ~ 82 ponds 0.25ha to 0.32ha Most of On average 35-75% Aquatic insects, Mollusc, Most of the small are in the 0.5ha the cases hydrophytes covers Frogs, Snakes with some water body is Ponds Egra Egra none of the surface areas avifauna are common eutrophic due i.e. Ranatra filiformes to organic load Township Township the Commelina from irrigation bengalensis L. Diplonychus rusticus areas areas managem Bellamya bengalensis and in some Ipomoea aquatica ent are typica (Lamarck) cases from notices Forrsk. Eichhornia sp. Bellamya bengalensis domestic regarding Lemna sp. Nymphaea doliaris (Gould) Pila efflients, piscicultu nouchali Burm. f. globosa (Swainson) frequestly use of Mohua Oil re. Most Ipomea carnea fistula Lamellidens marginalis (Mart) Ipomea carnea (Lamarck) Cake for mas of the fistula (Mart) Cyperus Indoplanorbis exustus killing and water deweedificatio sp. Scirpus articulatus (Deshayes) Euphlyctic body is cynophlyctus (Schinder) n, (Linn.) Sagiteria sp. Embankment, used for Phragmites sp. Oryza Natrix sp., Phalacocorex traditiona niger, Motacilla flava, restricted and sativa (Var) fetua selected Motacilla alba, Ardeola l culture Monochoria hastate spawn for of fishes. Solms. Eclipta alba grayii, Ardea alba, culture Each and Hassk Alternenthera Pelargopsis capensis, specially every sessilis L. Tillunthera Ceryle rudis, Halcyon owner’s wetland year sp. smyrnensis, Alcedo weed causes water atthis, Himantopus quality fishes himantopus, Actitis degradation entered hypolleucos, with the Phalacocorex niger, flood Calidris minuta Ceryle water rudis, Amaurornis phoenicurus, Metopidius indicus, Dendrocygna javanica

Page | 68

3 Cluster of Zerthan-Kudi Areas ~ 58 ponds 0.13ha to 0.22ha Most of On average 20-65% Aquatic insects, Mollusc, Most of the small are in the 0.62ha the cases hydrophytes covers Frogs, Snakes with some water body is ponds Zerthan-Kudi none of the surface areas avifauna are common eutrophic due i.e. Ranatra filiformes to organic load Zerthan- Areas the Commelina from irrigation bengalensis L. Diplonychus rusticus Kudi Areas managem Bellamya bengalensis and in some Ipomoea aquatica ent are typica (Lamarck) cases from notices Forrsk. Eichhornia sp. Bellamya bengalensis domestic regarding Lemna sp. Nymphaea doliaris (Gould) Pila efflients, piscicultu nouchali Burm. f. globosa (Swainson) frequestly use of Mohua Oil re. Most Ipomea carnea fistula Lamellidens marginalis (Mart) Ipomea carnea (Lamarck) Cake for mas of the fistula (Mart) Cyperus Indoplanorbis exustus killing and water deweedificatio sp. Scirpus articulatus (Deshayes) Euphlyctic body is cynophlyctus (Schinder) n, (Linn.) Sagiteria sp. Embankment, used for Phragmites sp. Oryza Natrix sp. Phalacocorex niger (Vieillot), restricted and traditiona sativa (Var) fetua Phalacocorex niger, selected l culture Monochoria hastate spawn for of fishes. Motacilla flava, Solms. Eclipta alba Motacilla alba, Ardeola culture Each and Hassk Alternenthera grayii, Ardea alba, specially every sessilis L. Tillunthera Pelargopsis capensis, owner’s year sp. Ceryle rudis, Halcyon wetland weed smyrnensis, Alcedo causes water atthis, Himantopus quality fishes himantopus, Actitis degradation entered hypolleucos, with the Phalacocorex niger, flood Calidris minuta Ceryle water rudis, Amaurornis phoenicurus, Metopidius indicus, Dendrocygna javanica

Page | 69

4 Cluster of Mahanpur-Nilda-Borai ~ 250 ponds 0.12ha to 0.14ha Most of On average 25-75% Aquatic insects, Mollusc, Most of the small region are in the 0.27ha the cases hydrophytes covers Frogs, Snakes with some water body is Ponds Mahanpur- none of the surface areas avifauna are common eutrophic due i.e. Ranatra filiformes to organic load Mahanpur Nilda-Borai the Commelina from irrigation bengalensis L. Diplonychus rusticus -Nilda- region managem Bellamya bengalensis and in some Ipomoea aquatica Borai ent are typica (Lamarck) cases from Forrsk. Eichhornia sp. domestic region notices Bellamya bengalensis regarding Lemna sp. Nymphaea doliaris (Gould) Pila efflients, piscicultu nouchali Burm. f. globosa (Swainson) frequestly use of Mohua Oil re. Most Ipomea carnea fistula Lamellidens marginalis (Mart) Ipomea carnea (Lamarck) Cake for mas of the fistula (Mart) Cyperus Indoplanorbis exustus killing and water deweedificatio sp. Scirpus articulatus (Deshayes) Euphlyctic body is cynophlyctus (Schinder) n, (Linn.) Sagiteria sp. Embankment, used for Phragmites sp. Oryza Natrix sp. Phalacocorex niger (Vieillot), restricted and traditiona sativa (Var) fetua Phalacocorex niger, selected l culture Monochoria hastate spawn for of fishes. Motacilla flava, Solms. Eclipta alba Motacilla alba, Ardeola culture Each and Hassk Alternenthera grayii, Ardea alba, specially every sessilis L. Tillunthera Pelargopsis capensis, owner’s year sp. Ceryle rudis, Halcyon wetland weed smyrnensis, Alcedo causes water atthis, Himantopus quality fishes himantopus, Actitis degradation entered hypolleucos, with the Phalacocorex niger, flood Calidris minuta Ceryle water rudis, Amaurornis phoenicurus, Metopidius indicus, Dendrocygna javanica 5 Cluster of Gopinathpur- ~ 115 ponds 0.09ha to 0.12ha Most of On average 11-69% Aquatic insects, Mollusc, Most of the small TelamiJagadishpur are in this 0.16ha the cases hydrophytes covers Frogs, Snakes with some water body is Ponds at areas / none of the surface areas avifauna are common eutrophic due i.e. Ranatra filiformes to organic load Gopinathp location the from irrigation

Page | 70

ur- region managem Commelina Diplonychus rusticus and in some TelamiJaga ent are bengalensis L. Bellamya bengalensis cases from dishpur notices Ipomoea aquatica typica (Lamarck) domestic Bellamya bengalensis efflients, region regarding Forrsk. Eichhornia sp. Lemna sp. Nymphaea doliaris (Gould) Pila frequestly use piscicultu globosa (Swainson) of Mohua Oil nouchali Burm. f. re. Most Lamellidens marginalis Cake for mas of the Ipomea carnea fistula (Lamarck) killing and (Mart) Ipomea carnea water Indoplanorbis exustus deweedificatio fistula (Mart) Cyperus body is (Deshayes) Euphlyctic n, sp. Scirpus articulatus cynophlyctus (Schinder) Embankment, used for (Linn.) Sagiteria sp. Natrix sp. Phalacocorex restricted and traditiona Phragmites sp. Oryza niger (Vieillot), selected l culture sativa (Var) fetua Phalacocorex niger, spawn for of fishes. Monochoria hastate Motacilla flava, culture Each and Solms. Eclipta alba Motacilla alba, Ardeola specially every grayii, Ardea alba, owner’s Hassk Alternenthera Pelargopsis capensis, wetland year sessilis L. Tillunthera Ceryle rudis, Halcyon causes water weed sp. smyrnensis, Alcedo quality fishes atthis, Himantopus degradation entered himantopus, Actitis hypolleucos, with the Phalacocorex niger, flood Calidris minuta Ceryle water rudis, Amaurornis phoenicurus, Metopidius indicus, Dendrocygna javanica 6 Cluster of Haldia Township areas ~78 ponds 0.098ha 0.23ha Most of On average 08-62% Aquatic insects, Mollusc, Most of the small are in this to 0.58ha the cases hydrophytes covers Frogs, Snakes with some water body is Ponds at areas / none of the surface areas avifauna are common eutrophic due i.e. Ranatra filiformes to organic load Haldia location the Commelina from irrigation bengalensis L. Diplonychus rusticus Township managem Bellamya bengalensis and in some Ipomoea aquatica areas ent are typica (Lamarck) cases from notices Forrsk. Eichhornia sp. Bellamya bengalensis domestic regarding Lemna sp. Nymphaea doliaris (Gould) Pila efflients,

Page | 71

piscicultu nouchali Burm. f. globosa (Swainson) frequestly use re. Most Ipomea carnea fistula Lamellidens marginalis of Mohua Oil of the (Mart) Ipomea carnea (Lamarck) Cake for mas Indoplanorbis exustus killing and water fistula (Mart) Cyperus sp. Scirpus articulatus (Deshayes) Euphlyctic deweedificatio body is cynophlyctus (Schinder) n, used for (Linn.) Sagiteria sp. Natrix sp. Phalacocorex Embankment, traditiona Phragmites sp. Oryza niger (Vieillot), restricted and sativa (Var) fetua l culture Phalacocorex niger, selected Monochoria hastate of fishes. Motacilla flava, spawn for Solms. Eclipta alba Motacilla alba, Ardeola culture Each and Hassk Alternenthera grayii, Ardea alba, specially every sessilis L. Tillunthera Pelargopsis capensis, owner’s year sp. Ceryle rudis, Halcyon wetland weed smyrnensis, Alcedo causes water fishes atthis, Himantopus quality himantopus, Actitis degradation entered hypolleucos, with the Phalacocorex niger, flood Calidris minuta Ceryle water rudis, Amaurornis phoenicurus. 7 Tamluk Rajardighi, Tamluk ~11 ponds 0.17ha to 0.33ha Most of On average 18-45% Aquatic insects, Mollusc, Most of the rajbarir are in this 0.47ha the cases hydrophytes covers Frogs, Snakes with some water body is pukur areas / none of the surface areas avifauna are common eutrophic due i.e. Ranatra filiformes to organic load location the Commelina from irrigation bengalensis L. Diplonychus rusticus managem Bellamya bengalensis and in some Ipomoea aquatica ent are typica (Lamarck) cases from notices Forrsk. Eichhornia sp. Bellamya bengalensis domestic regarding Lemna sp. Nymphaea doliaris (Gould) Pila efflients, piscicultu nouchali Burm. f. globosa (Swainson) frequestly use of Mohua Oil re. Most Ipomea carnea fistula Lamellidens marginalis (Mart) Ipomea carnea (Lamarck) Cake for mas of the fistula (Mart) Cyperus Indoplanorbis exustus killing and water deweedificatio sp. Scirpus articulatus (Deshayes) Euphlyctic n, body is (Linn.) Sagiteria sp. cynophlyctus (Schinder) Natrix sp. Phalacocorex Embankment,

Page | 72

used for Phragmites sp. Oryza niger (Vieillot), restricted and traditiona sativa (Var) fetua Phalacocorex niger, selected l culture Monochoria hastate Motacilla flava, spawn for Motacilla alba, Ardeola culture of fishes. Solms. Eclipta alba Hassk Alternenthera grayii, Ardea alba, specially Each and Pelargopsis capensis, owner’s every sessilis L. Tillunthera Ceryle rudis, Halcyon wetland year sp. smyrnensis, Alcedo causes water weed atthis, Himantopus quality himantopus, Actitis degradation fishes hypolleucos, entered Phalacocorex niger, with the Calidris minuta Ceryle flood rudis. water 8 Cluster of Mahisadal ~ 37 ponds 3.2ha - 0.63ha Most of On average 20-65% Aquatic insects, Mollusc, Most of the small are in this 0.13ha the cases hydrophytes covers Frogs, Snakes with some water body is Ponds at areas / none of the surface areas avifauna are common eutrophic due i.e. Ranatra filiformes to organic load Mahisadal location the Commelina from irrigation bengalensis L. Diplonychus rusticus managem Bellamya bengalensis and in some Ipomoea aquatica ent are typica (Lamarck) cases from notices Forrsk. Eichhornia sp. Bellamya bengalensis domestic regarding Lemna sp. Nymphaea doliaris (Gould) Pila efflients, piscicultu nouchali Burm. f. globosa (Swainson) frequestly use of Mohua Oil re. Most Ipomea carnea fistula Lamellidens marginalis (Mart) Ipomea carnea (Lamarck) Cake for mas of the fistula (Mart) Cyperus Indoplanorbis exustus killing and water deweedificatio sp. Scirpus articulatus (Deshayes) Euphlyctic body is cynophlyctus (Schinder) n, (Linn.) Sagiteria sp. Embankment, used for Phragmites sp. Oryza Natrix sp. Phalacocorex niger (Vieillot), restricted and traditiona sativa (Var) fetua Phalacocorex niger, selected l culture Monochoria hastate spawn for of fishes. Motacilla flava, Solms. Eclipta alba Motacilla alba, Ardeola culture Each and Hassk Alternenthera grayii, Ardea alba, specially every Pelargopsis capensis, owner’s

Page | 73

year sessilis L. Tillunthera Ceryle rudis, Halcyon wetland weed sp. smyrnensis, Alcedo causes water atthis, Himantopus fishes quality himantopus, Actitis degradation entered hypolleucos, with the Phalacocorex niger, flood Calidris minuta Ceryle water rudis, Amaurornis phoenicurus, Metopidius indicus, Dendrocygna javanica 9 Cluster of Ghatal to Ranibadzar ~112 ponds 0.65ha to 0.26ha Most of On average 10-70% Aquatic insects, Mollusc, Most of the small areas are in this 0.07ha the cases hydrophytes covers Frogs, Snakes with some water body is Ponds at areas / none of the surface areas avifauna are common eutrophic due i.e. Ranatra filiformes to organic load Ghatal to location the Commelina from irrigation bengalensis L. Diplonychus rusticus Ranibadzar managem Bellamya bengalensis and in some Ipomoea aquatica areas ent are typica (Lamarck) cases from Forrsk. Eichhornia sp. domestic notices Bellamya bengalensis regarding Lemna sp. Nymphaea doliaris (Gould) Pila efflients, piscicultu nouchali Burm. f. globosa (Swainson) frequestly use of Mohua Oil re. Most Ipomea carnea fistula Lamellidens marginalis (Mart) Ipomea carnea (Lamarck) Cake for mas of the fistula (Mart) Cyperus Indoplanorbis exustus killing and water deweedificatio sp. Scirpus articulatus (Deshayes) Euphlyctic body is cynophlyctus (Schinder) n, (Linn.) Sagiteria sp. Embankment, used for Phragmites sp. Oryza Natrix sp., Phalacocorex traditiona niger, Motacilla flava, restricted and sativa (Var) fetua selected Motacilla alba, Ardeola l culture Monochoria hastate spawn for of fishes. Solms. Eclipta alba grayii, Ardea alba, culture Each and Hassk Alternenthera Pelargopsis capensis, specially every sessilis L. Tillunthera Ceryle rudis, Halcyon owner’s wetland year sp. smyrnensis, Alcedo weed causes water atthis, Himantopus quality fishes himantopus, Actitis degradation entered hypolleucos,

Page | 74

with the Phalacocorex niger, flood Calidris minuta Ceryle water rudis, Amaurornis phoenicurus, Metopidius indicus, Dendrocygna javanica 10 Cluster of Radhanagar-Hemnagar- ~282 ponds 0.85ha to 0.21ha Most of On average 15-55% Aquatic insects, Mollusc, Most of the small Jalsara region are in this 0.08ha the cases hydrophytes covers Frogs, Snakes with some water body is Ponds at areas / none of the surface areas avifauna are common eutrophic due i.e. Ranatra filiformes to organic load Radhanaga location the Commelina from irrigation bengalensis L. Diplonychus rusticus, r- managem Bellamya bengalensis and in some Ipomoea aquatica Hemnagar- ent are typica (Lamarck) cases from Forrsk. Eichhornia sp. domestic Jalsara notices Bellamya bengalensis region regarding Lemna sp. Nymphaea doliaris (Gould) Pila efflients, piscicultu nouchali Burm. f. globosa (Swainson) frequestly use of Mohua Oil re. Most Ipomea carnea fistula Lamellidens marginalis (Mart) Ipomea carnea (Lamarck) Cake for mas of the fistula (Mart) Cyperus Indoplanorbis exustus killing and water deweedificatio sp. Scirpus articulatus (Deshayes) Euphlyctic body is cynophlyctus (Schinder) n, (Linn.) Sagiteria sp. Embankment, used for Phragmites sp. Oryza Natrix sp.Phalacocorex traditiona niger, Motacilla flava, restricted and sativa (Var) fetua selected Motacilla alba, Ardeola l culture Monochoria hastate spawn for of fishes. Solms. Eclipta alba grayii, Ardea alba, culture Each and Hassk Alternenthera Pelargopsis capensis, specially every sessilis L. Tillunthera Ceryle rudis, Halcyon owner’s wetland year sp. smyrnensis, Alcedo weed causes water atthis, Himantopus quality fishes himantopus, Actitis degradation entered hypolleucos, with the Phalacocorex niger, flood Calidris minuta Ceryle water rudis, Amaurornis

Page | 75

phoenicurus, Metopidius indicus, Dendrocygna javanica 11 Cluster of Khirpai ~ 115 ponds 0.65ha to 0.23ha Most of On average 30-65% Aquatic insects, Mollusc, Most of the small are in this 0.07ha the cases hydrophytes covers Frogs, Snakes with some water body is Ponds at areas / none of the surface areas avifauna are common eutrophic due Bellamya bengalensis to organic load Khirpai location the Commelina from irrigation bengalensis L. typica (Lamarck) managem Bellamya bengalensis and in some Ipomoea aquatica ent are doliaris (Gould) Pila cases from notices Forrsk. Eichhornia sp. globosa (Swainson) domestic regarding Lemna sp. Nymphaea Lamellidens marginalis efflients, piscicultu nouchali Burm. f. (Lamarck) frequestly use of Mohua Oil re. Most Ipomea carnea fistula Indoplanorbis exustus (Mart) Ipomea carnea (Deshayes) Euphlyctic Cake for mas of the fistula (Mart) Cyperus cynophlyctus (Schinder) killing and water deweedificatio sp. Scirpus articulatus Natrix sp., Phalacocorex body is niger, Motacilla flava, n, (Linn.) Sagiteria sp. Embankment, used for Phragmites sp. Oryza Motacilla alba, Ardeola traditiona restricted and sativa (Var) fetua grayii, Ardea alba, selected l culture Monochoria hastate Pelargopsis capensis, spawn for of fishes. Solms. Eclipta alba Ceryle rudis, Halcyon culture Each and specially Hassk Alternenthera smyrnensis, Alcedo owner’s every sessilis L. Tillunthera atthis, Himantopus sp. wetland year himantopus, Actitis weed causes water hypolleucos, quality fishes Phalacocorex niger, degradation entered Calidris minuta Ceryle with the rudis, Amaurornis flood phoenicurus, Metopidius water indicus, Dendrocygna javanica

Page | 76

12 Saheb Saheb Dighi – Saheb 2.82ha to 0.42ha Man On average 10-75% Aquatic insects, Mollusc, Most of the Dighi Mahisadal Dighi (2.82 0.07ha made, hydrophytes covers Frogs, Snakes with some water body is eutrophic due alongwith 22°10'60.00"N, ha)– perineal the surface areas avifauna are common i.e. Ranatra filiformes to organic load Cluster of 87°58'60.00"E Mahisadal with Commelina from irrigation bengalensis L. Diplonychus rusticus, small natural Bellamya bengalensis and in some Ipomoea aquatica ponds at vegetatio typica (Lamarck) cases from Mahisadal n, more Forrsk. Eichhornia sp. Bellamya bengalensis domestic human Lemna sp. Nymphaea doliaris (Gould) Pila efflients, interferen nouchali Burm. f. globosa (Swainson) frequestly use of Mohua Oil ce, Ipomea carnea fistula Lamellidens marginalis, (Mart) Ipomea carnea Indoplanorbis exustus Cake for mas piscicultu fistula (Mart) Cyperus (Deshayes) Euphlyctic killing and re deweedificatio sp. Scirpus articulatus cynophlyctus (Schinder) n, practiced (Linn.) Sagiteria sp. Natrix sp., Phalacocorex frequentl niger, Motacilla flava, Embankment, Phragmites sp. Oryza restricted and y carried Motacilla alba, Ardeola sativa (Var) fetua selected out Monochoria hastate grayii, Ardea alba, spawn for Solms. Eclipta alba Pelargopsis capensis, culture Hassk Alternenthera Ceryle rudis, Halcyon specially owner’s sessilis L. Tillunthera smyrnensis, Alcedo sp. wetland atthis, Himantopus causes water himantopus, Actitis quality hypolleucos, degradation Phalacocorex niger, Calidris minuta Ceryle rudis, Amaurornis phoenicurus, Metopidius indicus. 13 Pond, 22°16'15.73"N, Tamluk 2.1ha to 0.82ha Man On average 40-85% Most common aquatic Most of the Tamluk 87°55'19.90"E Station 0.37ha made, hydrophytes covers fauna are water body is Station Pond perineal the surface areas Macrobrachium idea, eutrophic due M. Malcolmsonii, to organic load alongwith with Commelina from irrigation natural bengalensis L. Ranatra filiformes Cluster of Diplonychus rusticus, and in some

Page | 77

small vegetatio Ipomoea aquatica Bellamya bengalensis cases from ponds n, less Forrsk. Eichhornia sp. typica (Lamarck) domestic nearby to human Lemna sp. Nymphaea Bellamya bengalensis efflients, doliaris (Gould) Pila frequestly use the station interferen nouchali Burm. f. Ipomea carnea fistula globosa (Swainson)’ of Mohua Oil ce, Euphlyctic cynophlyctus Cake for mas frequentl (Mart) Ipomea carnea (Schinder) Natrix sp. killing and y fishes fistula (Mart) Cyperus Ardeola grayii, Egretta deweedificatio sp. Scirpus articulatus are intermedia, n, (Linn.) Sagiteria sp. collected Amaurornis Embankment, Phragmites sp. Oryza restricted and by the phoenicurus, sativa (Var) fetua Metopidius indicus, selected local spawn for Monochoria hastate Alcedo atthis, Halcyon people Solms. Eclipta alba culture smyrnensis, specially Hassk Alternenthera Pelargopsis capensis, sessilis L. Tillunthera owner’s Phalacocorex niger, wetland sp. Motacilla flava, causes water Motacilla alba, Ardeola quality degradation grayii, Ardea alba, Pelargopsis capensis, Ceryle rudis, Halcyon smyrnensis, Alcedo atthis, Himantopus himantopus, Actitis hypolleucos, Phalacocorex niger, Calidris minuta Ceryle rudis, 14 Rajardighi, Kajlagarh Rajardighi Kajlagarh 0.85ha 0.85ha Man On average 10-30% Most common aquatic Most of the Kajlagarh, 22° 1'17.81"N, Rajardighi made, hydrophytes covers fauna are water body is Area the surface areas Macrobrachium idea, eutrophic due Purba to organic load Medinipur perineal Commelina M. Malcolmsonii, Ranatra filiformes from irrigation with bengalensis L. and in some Ipomoea aquatica Diplonychus rusticus,

Page | 78

87°49'9.38"E natural Forrsk. Eichhornia sp. Bellamya bengalensis cases from vegetatio Lemna sp. Nymphaea typica (Lamarck) domestic n, more nouchali Burm. f. Bellamya bengalensis efflients, doliaris (Gould) Pila frequestly use human Ipomea carnea fistula (Mart) Ipomea carnea globosa (Swainson)’ of Mohua Oil interferen Euphlyctic cynophlyctus Cake for mas fistula (Mart) Cyperus ce, (Schinder) Natrix sp. killing and piscicultu sp. Scirpus articulatus Ardeola grayii, Egretta deweedificatio (Linn.) Sagiteria sp. re intermedia, n, Phragmites sp. Oryza practiced Amaurornis Embankment, sativa (Var) fetua restricted and frequentl phoenicurus, Monochoria hastate Metopidius indicus, selected y carried Solms. Eclipta alba spawn for out Alcedo atthis, Halcyon culture Hassk Alternenthera smyrnensis, sessilis L. Tillunthera specially Pelargopsis capensis, owner’s sp. Phalacocorex niger, wetland Motacilla flava, causes water Motacilla alba, Ardeola quality grayii, Ardea alba, degradation Pelargopsis capensis, Ceryle rudis, Halcyon smyrnensis, Alcedo atthis, Himantopus himantopus, Actitis hypolleucos, Phalacocorex niger, Calidris minuta Ceryle rudis. 15 Barbaria Location: 22° Barbaria 0.6ha 0.6ha Man On average 25-65% Most common aquatic Most of the Pond 2'42.37"N, Pond made, hydrophytes covers fauna are water body is 87°42'31.11"E perineal the surface areas Macrobrachium idea, eutrophic due M. Malcolmsonii, to organic load with Commelina Ranatra filiformes from irrigation natural bengalensis L. Diplonychus rusticus, and in some vegetatio Ipomoea aquatica Bellamya bengalensis cases from n, more Forrsk. Eichhornia sp. typica (Lamarck) domestic human Lemna sp. Nymphaea Bellamya bengalensis efflients,

Page | 79

interferen nouchali Burm. f. doliaris (Gould) Pila frequestly use ce, Ipomea carnea fistula globosa (Swainson)’ of Mohua Oil Euphlyctic cynophlyctus piscicultu (Mart) Ipomea carnea Cake for mas (Schinder) Natrix sp. killing and re fistula (Mart) Cyperus Phalacocorex niger, sp. Scirpus articulatus deweedificatio practiced Motacilla flava, n, frequentl (Linn.) Sagiteria sp. Motacilla alba, Ardeola Embankment, y carried Phragmites sp. Oryza grayii, Ardea alba, restricted and sativa (Var) fetua Pelargopsis capensis, out selected Monochoria hastate Ceryle rudis, Halcyon spawn for smyrnensis, Alcedo Solms. Eclipta alba culture atthis, Himantopus specially Hassk Alternenthera himantopus, Actitis sessilis L. Tillunthera hypolleucos, owner’s sp. Phalacocorex niger, wetland Calidris minuta Ceryle causes water rudis, Amaurornis quality phoenicurus. degradation 16 Tulia Tulia Lake– Tulia 5.18ha 5.18 ha Man On average 25-45% Most common aquatic Most of the Lake– Panskura, Lake– made, hydrophytes covers fauna are water body is Panskura 22°19'43.01"N, Panskura perineal the surface areas Macrobrachium idea, eutrophic due M. Malcolmsonii, to organic load 87°49'1.23"E with Commelina Ranatra filiformes, from irrigation natural bengalensis L. Bellamya bengalensis and in some vegetatio Ipomoea aquatica doliaris (Gould) Pila cases from n, less Forrsk. Eichhornia sp. globosa (Swainson)’ domestic human Lemna sp. Nymphaea Euphlyctic cynophlyctus efflients, (Schinder) Natrix sp. interferen nouchali Burm. f. frequestly use Ipomea carnea fistula Phalacocorex niger, of Mohua Oil ce, Motacilla flava, (Mart) Ipomea carnea Cake for mas frequentl Motacilla alba, Ardeola fistula (Mart) Cyperus killing and y fishes grayii, Ardea alba, deweedificatio sp. Scirpus articulatus Pelargopsis capensis, n, are Ceryle rudis, Halcyon (Linn.) Sagiteria sp. Embankment, collected smyrnensis, Alcedo Phragmites sp. Oryza restricted and by the sativa (Var) fetua atthis, Himantopus himantopus, Actitis selected local Monochoria hastate spawn for people hypolleucos, Solms. Eclipta alba Phalacocorex niger, culture

Page | 80

Hassk Alternenthera Calidris minuta Ceryle specially sessilis L. Tillunthera rudis, Amaurornis owner’s sp. phoenicurus, Metopidius wetland indicus. causes water quality degradation 17 Vim Location: Vim Sagar 1.76ha 1.76 ha Man On average 25-65% Aquatic insects, Mollusc, Most of the Sagar – 22°24'15.59"N, – Bahiri, made, hydrophytes covers Frogs, Snakes with some water body is avifauna are common perineal the surface areas eutrophic due Bahiri 86°54'47.67"E i.e. Ranatra filiformes to organic load with Commelina Diplonychus rusticus from irrigation natural bengalensis L. Canthydrus flavus and in some vegetatio Ipomoea aquatica (Mots). Hydrometra cases from n, more Forrsk. Eichhornia sp. butlen Hydrovatus domestic confertus Coelostoma human Lemna sp. Nymphaea efflients, nouchali Burm. f. subditum Helochares frequestly use interferen ancholaris Berosus of Mohua Oil ce, Ipomea carnea fistula idicus (Mots) (Mart) Ipomea carnea Cake for mas piscicultu Bellamya bengalensis fistula (Mart) Cyperus typica (Lamarck) killing and re deweedificatio sp. Scirpus articulatus Bellamya bengalensis practiced doliaris (Gould) Pila n, (Linn.) Sagiteria sp. Embankment, frequentl Phragmites sp. Oryza globosa (Swainson) y carried Lamellidens marginalis restricted and sativa (Var) fetua selected out (Lamarck) Monochoria hastate Indoplanorbis exustus spawn for Solms. Eclipta alba (Deshayes) Euphlyctic culture Hassk Alternenthera cynophlyctus (Schinder) specially sessilis L. Tillunthera Natrix sp. Phalacocorex owner’s sp. niger, Motacilla flava, wetland Motacilla alba, Ardeola causes water grayii, Ardea alba, quality Pelargopsis capensis, degradation Ceryle rudis, Halcyon smyrnensis, Alcedo atthis, Himantopus himantopus, Actitis hypolleucos, Phalacocorex niger,

Page | 81

Calidris minuta Ceryle rudis, Amaurornis phoenicurus, Metopidius indicus. 18 Inner Moynagarh Font Bhagawanp 0.98ha Area Man On average 25-45% Aquatic insects, Mollusc, Most of the ponds of Inner Pond, ur, Purba 6.9 made, hydrophytes covers Frogs, Snakes with some water body is avifauna are common acre, perineal the surface areas eutrophic due Moynagar 22°20'57.55"N, Medinipur i.e. Ranatra filiformes to organic load h Front 87°17'45.68"E with Commelina Diplonychus rusticus from irrigation natural bengalensis L. Canthydrus flavus and in some vegetatio Ipomoea aquatica (Mots). Hydrometra cases from n, more Forrsk. Eichhornia sp. butlen Hydrovatus domestic confertus Coelostoma human Lemna sp. Nymphaea efflients, nouchali Burm. f. subditum Helochares frequestly use interferen ancholaris Berosus of Mohua Oil ce, Ipomea carnea fistula idicus (Mots) (Mart) Ipomea carnea Cake for mas piscicultu Bellamya bengalensis fistula (Mart) Cyperus typica (Lamarck) killing and re deweedificatio sp. Scirpus articulatus Bellamya bengalensis practiced doliaris (Gould) Pila n, (Linn.) Sagiteria sp. Embankment, frequentl Phragmites sp. Oryza globosa (Swainson) y carried Lamellidens marginalis restricted and sativa (Var) fetua selected out (Lamarck) Monochoria hastate Indoplanorbis exustus spawn for Solms. Eclipta alba (Deshayes) Euphlyctic culture Hassk Alternenthera cynophlyctus (Schinder) specially sessilis L. Tillunthera Natrix spPhalacocorex owner’s sp. niger, wetland Motacilla flava, causes water Motacilla alba, Ardeola quality grayii, Ardea alba, degradation Pelargopsis capensis, Ceryle rudis, Halcyon smyrnensis, Alcedo atthis, Himantopus himantopus, Actitis hypolleucos, Phalacocorex niger, Calidris minuta Ceryle

Page | 82

rudis, Amaurornis phoenicurus, Metopidius indicus 19 Palta Palta Pukur Panskura, Area Man On average 8-15% Most common aquatic Most of the Pukur 22°21'10.27 2.1 made, hydrophytes covers fauna are water body is "N, acre, perineal the surface areas Macrobrachium idea, eutrophic due M. Malcolmsonii, to organic load 87°40'55.19 with Commelina Ranatra filiformes from irrigation "E natural bengalensis L. Diplonychus rusticus, and in some Ipomoea aquatica vegetatio Bellamya bengalensis cases from n, less Forrsk. Eichhornia sp. typica (Lamarck) domestic human Lemna sp. Nymphaea Bellamya bengalensis efflients, doliaris (Gould) Pila interferen nouchali Burm. f. frequestly use Ipomea carnea fistula globosa (Swainson)’ of Mohua Oil ce, Euphlyctic cynophlyctus (Mart) Ipomea carnea Cake for mas frequentl (Schinder) Natrix sp. fistula (Mart) Cyperus killing and y fishes Phalacocorex niger, deweedificatio sp. Scirpus articulatus Motacilla flava, n, are Motacilla alba, Ardeola (Linn.) Sagiteria sp. Embankment, collected grayii, Ardea alba, Phragmites sp. Oryza restricted and by the sativa (Var) fetua Pelargopsis capensis, Ceryle rudis, Halcyon selected local Monochoria hastate spawn for people smyrnensis, Alcedo Solms. Eclipta alba atthis, Himantopus culture Hassk Alternenthera himantopus, Actitis specially sessilis L. Tillunthera hypolleucos, owner’s sp. Phalacocorex niger, wetland Calidris minuta Ceryle causes water rudi. quality degradation 20 Krishnana Krishnanagar Dighir Henria Area 3.25 Area Man On average 25-45% Aquatic insects, Mollusc, Most of the gar Pukur, acre, 3.25 made, hydrophytes covers Frogs, Snakes with some water body is avifauna are common acre, perineal the surface areas eutrophic due Dighir 21°58'13.52"N, i.e. Ranatra filiformes to organic load Pukur 87°48'12.18"E with Commelina Bellamya bengalensis from irrigation natural bengalensis L. typica, Bellamya and in some vegetatio Ipomoea aquatica bengalensis doliaris cases from n, more Forrsk. Eichhornia sp. (Gould) Pila globosa, domestic Lamellidens marginalis,

Page | 83

human Lemna sp. Nymphaea Indoplanorbis exustus efflients, interferen nouchali Burm. f. (Deshayes) Euphlyctic frequestly use cynophlyctus (Schinder) ce, Ipomea carnea fistula of Mohua Oil Natrix sp. Phalacocorex Cake for mas piscicultu (Mart) Ipomea carnea niger, Motacilla flava, fistula (Mart) Cyperus killing and re Motacilla alba, Ardeola deweedificatio practiced sp. Scirpus articulatus grayii, Ardea alba, n, frequentl (Linn.) Sagiteria sp. Pelargopsis capensis, Embankment, Phragmites sp. Oryza Ceryle rudis, Halcyon y carried restricted and sativa (Var) fetua smyrnensis, Alcedo selected out atthis, Himantopus Monochoria hastate spawn for himantopus, Actitis culture Solms. Eclipta alba hypolleucos, Hassk Alternenthera Phalacocorex niger, specially sessilis L. Tillunthera Calidris minuta Ceryle owner’s sp. rudis, Amaurornis wetland phoenicurus, Metopidius causes water indicus. quality degradation 21 Argoal Argoal Pukur, Argoal Area 1.8 Area Natural On average 35-65% Aquatic insects, Mollusc, Most of the Pukur 21°58'24.70"N, acre, 1.8 depressio hydrophytes covers Frogs, Snakes with some water body is avifauna are common acre, n, the surface areas eutrophic due 87°35'16.21"E i.e. Ranatra filiformes to organic load perineal Commelina Diplonychus rusticus from irrigation with bengalensis L. Bellamya bengalensis and in some natural Ipomoea aquatica typica (Lamarck) cases from vegetatio Forrsk. Eichhornia sp. Bellamya bengalensis domestic doliaris (Gould) Pila n, more Lemna sp. Nymphaea efflients, nouchali Burm. f. globosa (Swainson) frequestly use human Lamellidens marginalis, of Mohua Oil interferen Ipomea carnea fistula Indoplanorbis exustus (Mart) Ipomea carnea Cake for mas ce, (Deshayes) Euphlyctic fistula (Mart) Cyperus cynophlyctus (Schinder) killing and piscicultu deweedificatio sp. Scirpus articulatus Natrix sp. Phalacocorex re niger, Motacilla flava, n, (Linn.) Sagiteria sp. Embankment, practiced Phragmites sp. Oryza Motacilla alba, Ardeola frequentl grayii, Ardea alba, restricted and sativa (Var) fetua selected y carried Pelargopsis capensis, Monochoria hastate Ceryle rudis, Halcyon spawn for out

Page | 84

Solms. Eclipta alba smyrnensis, Alcedo culture Hassk Alternenthera atthis, Himantopus specially sessilis L. Tillunthera himantopus, Actitis owner’s hypolleucos, sp. wetland Phalacocorex niger, causes water Calidris minuta Ceryle quality rudis, Amaurornis degradation phoenicurus, Metopidius indicus. 22 Adlabad Adlabad pukur, Egra, Purba Area 2.74 Area Man On average 25-45% Aquatic insects, Mollusc, Most of the pukur 21.900237, 87.546284 Medinipur, acre, 2.74 made, hydrophytes covers Frogs, Snakes with some water body is avifauna are common acre, perineal the surface areas eutrophic due West i.e. Ranatra filiformes to organic load Bengal with Commelina Diplonychus rusticus from irrigation natural bengalensis L. Coelostoma subditum and in some vegetatio Ipomoea aquatica Helochares ancholaris cases from n, more Forrsk. Eichhornia sp. Bellamya bengalensis domestic typica (Lamarck) human Lemna sp. Nymphaea efflients, nouchali Burm. f. Bellamya bengalensis frequestly use interferen doliaris (Gould) Pila of Mohua Oil ce, Ipomea carnea fistula globosa (Swainson) (Mart) Ipomea carnea Cake for mas piscicultu Indoplanorbis exustus fistula (Mart) Cyperus (Deshayes) Euphlyctic killing and re deweedificatio sp. Scirpus articulatus cynophlyctus (Schinder) practiced Natrix sp. Phalacocorex n, (Linn.) Sagiteria sp. Embankment, frequentl Phragmites sp. Oryza niger, Motacilla flava, y carried Motacilla alba, Ardeola restricted and sativa (Var) fetua selected out grayii, Ardea alba, Monochoria hastate Pelargopsis capensis, spawn for Solms. Eclipta alba Ceryle rudis, Halcyon culture Hassk Alternenthera smyrnensis, Alcedo specially sessilis L. Tillunthera atthis, Himantopus owner’s sp. himantopus, Actitis wetland hypolleucos, causes water Phalacocorex niger, quality Calidris minuta Ceryle degradation rudis, Amaurornis phoenicurus, Metopidius indicus.

Page | 85

23 Kia dighi Kia dighi, Kia, West Area 3.24 Area Natural On average 15-55% Aquatic insects, Mollusc, Most of the 21.867076, Bengal acre, 3.24 depressio hydrophytes covers Frogs, Snakes with some water body is avifauna are common acre, n, the surface areas eutrophic due 87.477309 721429 i.e. Ranatra filiformes to organic load perineal Commelina Diplonychus rusticus from irrigation with bengalensis L. Canthydrus flavus and in some natural Ipomoea aquatica Bellamya bengalensis cases from vegetatio Forrsk. Eichhornia sp. typica (Lamarck) domestic Bellamya bengalensis n, more Lemna sp. Nymphaea efflients, nouchali Burm. f. doliaris (Gould) Pila frequestly use human globosa (Swainson) of Mohua Oil interferen Ipomea carnea fistula Lamellidens marginalis, (Mart) Ipomea carnea Cake for mas ce, Indoplanorbis exustus fistula (Mart) Cyperus (Deshayes) Euphlyctic killing and piscicultu deweedificatio sp. Scirpus articulatus cynophlyctus (Schinder) re Natrix sp. Phalacocorex n, (Linn.) Sagiteria sp. Embankment, practiced Phragmites sp. Oryza niger, Motacilla flava, frequentl Motacilla alba, Ardeola restricted and sativa (Var) fetua selected y carried grayii, Ardea alba, Monochoria hastate Pelargopsis capensis, spawn for out Solms. Eclipta alba Ceryle rudis, Halcyon culture Hassk Alternenthera smyrnensis, Alcedo specially sessilis L. Tillunthera atthis, Himantopus owner’s sp. himantopus, Actitis wetland hypolleucos, causes water Phalacocorex niger, quality Calidris minuta Ceryle degradation rudis, Amaurornis phoenicurus, Metopidius indicus, Dendrocygna javanica Ditches Locality of the survey approx. Size (ha) Most Notes on Conspicuous Conspicuous non-fish Notes on Number/ha range of abunda Use flora/hydrophyte fauna degradation of locality the nt Patterns cover factors, waterbod Size conservation y type i.e. (ha) efforts max-min

Page | 86

1 Khirai Most of On average 25-50% Most common visible Most of the the cases hydrophytes covers the aquatic fauna are water body is none of the surface areas Macrobrachium idea, eutrophic due manageme Commelina M. Malcolmsonii, to organic load nt are bengalensis L. Ranatra filiformes from irrigation notices Ipomoea aquatica Diplonychus rusticus, and in some regarding Forrsk. Eichhornia sp. Bellamya bengalensis cases from typica, Bellamya piscicultur Lemna sp. Nymphaea domestic e. Most of bengalensis doliaris, efflients, the water nouchali Burm. f. Pila globosa, frequestly use body is Ipomea carnea fistula Euphlyctic cynophlyctus, of Mohua Oil used for (Mart) Ipomea carnea Natrix sp. Ardeola Cake for mas traditional fistula (Mart) Cyperus grayii, Egretta killing and culture of sp. Scirpus articulatus intermedia, deweedificatio fishes. Amaurornis n, (Linn.) Sagiteria sp. phoenicurus, Each and Phragmites sp. Oryza Metopidius indicus, Embankment, every year sativa (Var) fetua Alcedo atthis, Halcyon restricted and weed Monochoria hastate smyrnensis, selected fishes Solms. Eclipta alba Pelargopsis capensis, spawn for entered Phalacocorex niger, culture with the Hassk Alternenthera specially sessilis L. Tillunthera Motacilla flava, flood water Motacilla alba, Ardeola owner’s sp. grayii, Ardea alba, wetland Pelargopsis capensis, causes water Ceryle rudis, Halcyon quality smyrnensis, Alcedo degradation atthis, Himantopus himantopus, Actitis hypolleucos, Phalacocorex niger, Calidris minuta Ceryle rudis. 2 Narayanga 22° 7'45.58"N; 0.87 ha Water used On average 35-65% Most common visible Most of the rh Khal 87°22'42.62"E for hydrophytes covers the aquatic fauna are water body is irrigation surface areas Macrobrachium idea, eutrophic due purposes, Commelina M. Malcolmsonii, to organic load Capture bengalensis L. Ranatra filiformes from irrigation fished after Diplonychus rusticus, and in some

Page | 87

total runoff Ipomoea aquatica Bellamya bengalensis cases from water in Forrsk. Eichhornia sp. typica, Bellamya domestic the early Lemna sp. Nymphaea bengalensis doliaris, efflients, summer Pila globosa, frequestly use nouchali Burm. f. Euphlyctic cynophlyctus, season Ipomea carnea fistula of Mohua Oil Natrix sp. Ardeola Cake for mas (Mart) Ipomea carnea grayii, Egretta killing and fistula (Mart) Cyperus intermedia, deweedificatio sp. Scirpus articulatus Amaurornis n, (Linn.) Sagiteria sp. phoenicurus, Embankment, Metopidius indicus, Phragmites sp. Oryza restricted and Alcedo atthis, Halcyon sativa (Var) fetua smyrnensis, selected Monochoria hastate Pelargopsis capensis, spawn for Solms. Eclipta alba Phalacocorex niger, culture Hassk Alternenthera Motacilla flava, specially sessilis L. Tillunthera Motacilla alba, Ardeola owner’s wetland sp. grayii, Ardea alba, Pelargopsis capensis, causes water Ceryle rudis, Halcyon quality smyrnensis, Alcedo degradation atthis, Himantopus himantopus, Actitis hypolleucos, Phalacocorex niger, Calidris minuta Ceryle rudis. 3 Shilabati 22.103651E, 0.36ha Most of On average 35-50% Most common visible Most of the feeder 87.629309N, the cases hydrophytes covers the aquatic fauna are water body is canal none of the surface areas Macrobrachium idea, eutrophic due manageme Commelina M. Malcolmsonii, to organic load nt are bengalensis L. Ranatra filiformes from irrigation notices Ipomoea aquatica Diplonychus rusticus, and in some regarding Forrsk. Eichhornia sp. Bellamya bengalensis cases from typica, Bellamya piscicultur Lemna sp. Nymphaea domestic e. Most of bengalensis doliaris, efflients, the water nouchali Burm. f. Pila globosa, frequestly use body is Ipomea carnea fistula Euphlyctic cynophlyctus, of Mohua Oil used for (Mart) Ipomea carnea Natrix sp. Ardeola Cake for mas

Page | 88

traditional fistula (Mart) Cyperus grayii, Egretta killing and culture of sp. Scirpus articulatus intermedia, deweedificatio fishes. (Linn.) Sagiteria sp. Amaurornis n, Each and phoenicurus, Embankment, Phragmites sp. Oryza Metopidius indicus, every year sativa (Var) fetua restricted and weed Alcedo atthis, Halcyon selected fishes Monochoria hastate smyrnensis, spawn for entered Solms. Eclipta alba Pelargopsis capensis, culture with the Hassk Alternenthera Phalacocorex niger, specially flood water sessilis L. Tillunthera Motacilla flava, owner’s sp. Motacilla alba, Ardeola wetland grayii, Ardea alba, causes water quality Pelargopsis capensis, degradation Ceryle rudis, Halcyon smyrnensis, Alcedo atthis, Himantopus himantopus, Actitis hypolleucos, Phalacocorex niger, Calidris minuta Ceryle rudis.

Nayanju Locality of the survey approx. Size (ha) Most Notes on Conspicuous Conspicuous non-fish Notes on degradation li Number/ha range of abunda Use flora/hydrophyte fauna of locality the nt Patterns cover factors, conservation waterbod Size efforts y type i.e. (ha) max-min

1 Haur Haur, on the eitherside of 0.58ha 0.14 – 0.26ha Water used On average 25-45% Most common None of the the railway trac 1.26ha for hydrophytes covers the conspicuous non-fish management Location: 22°21'54.18"N; irrigation surface areas aquatic fauna are practice are 87°39'17.53"E purposes, Commelina bengalensis, Macrobrachium idea, M. notices. Due Capture Ipomoea aquatica, Malcolmsonii, Ranatra to heavy

Page | 89

fished after Eichhornia sp. Lemna sp. filiformes Diplonychus siltation and total runoff Nymphaea nouchali, rusticus, Bellamya eutrophication water in Ipomea carnea fistula, bengalensis typica macrophytes the early Ipomea carnea fistula, (Lamarck), Pila globosa and summer Cyperus sp. Scirpus (Swainson)’ hydrophytes season articulates, Sagiteria sp. Euphlyctic cynophlyctus are increasing Phragmites sp. Oryza (Schinder) Natrix sp. sativa (Var) fetua Ardeola grayii, Egretta Monochoria hastate intermedia, Amaurornis Solms. Eclipta alba, phoenicurus, Alcedo Alternenthera sessilis, atthis, Pelargopsis Tillunthera sp. capensis, Phalacocorex niger.

2 Khirai Khirai, the eitherside of the 0.15ha – 0.24 ha Water used On average 35-65% Most common None of the railway trac. 0.54ha for hydrophytes covers the conspicuous non-fish management Location: 22°22'21.99"N; irrigation surface areas aquatic fauna are practice are 87°41'22.47"E purposes to Commelina bengalensis, Macrobrachium idea, notices. Due the nearby Ipomoea aquatica, Ranatra filiformes to heavy agricultura Eichhornia sp. Lemna sp. Diplonychus rusticus, siltation and l field, Nymphaea nouchali, Bellamya bengalensis eutrophication Capture Ipomea carnea fistula, typica (Lamarck) macrophytes fished after Ipomea carnea fistula, Bellamya bengalensis and total runoff Cyperus sp. Scirpus doliaris (Gould) Pila hydrophytes water in articulates, Sagiteria sp. globosa (Swainson)’ are increasing the early Phragmites sp. Oryza Euphlyctic cynophlyctus summer sativa (Var) fetua (Schinder) Natrix sp. season Monochoria hastate Ardeola grayii, Egretta Solms. Eclipta alba, intermedia, Amaurornis Alternenthera sessilis, phoenicurus, Alcedo Tillunthera sp. atthis, Halcyon smyrnensis, Pelargopsis capensis, Phalacocorex niger.

Page | 90

Kharipukuri Kharipukuria, Brahman 0.45ha Man made, On average 8-12% Most common None of the a, Brahman Chawk, Purba Medinipur overfloded hydrophytes covers the conspicuous non-fish management Chawk, Location: 21°53'42.28"N, water only surface areas aquatic fauna are practice are Purba 87°45'2.27"E in the Commelina bengalensis, Macrobrachium idea, M. notices. Due Medinipur rainly Ipomoea aquatica Malcolmsonii, Ranatra to heavy seasons, Forrsk. Eichhornia sp. filiformes Diplonychus siltation and covered Lemna sp. Nymphaea rustic s, Bellamya eutrophication with nouchali, Ipomea carnea bengalensis typica macrophytes natural fistula, Ipomea carnea (Lamarck), Pila globosa and vegetation, fistula, Cyperus sp. (Swainson)’ hydrophytes less human Scirpus articulates, Euphlyctic cynophlyctus are increasing interferenc Sagiteria sp. Phragmites (Schinder) Natrix sp. e, sp. Oryza sativa (Var) Ardeola grayii, Egretta frequently fetua Monochoria intermedia, Alcedo atthis, fishes are hastate Solms. Eclipta Pelargopsis capensis, collected alba, Alternenthera Phalacocorex niger. by the sessilis, Tillunthera sp. local people 3 Kharipukuri Kharipukuria, Purba Man made, On average 15-55% Most common None of the a, Purba Medinipur overfloded hydrophytes covers the conspicuous non-fish management Medinipur Location: 21°53'55.75"N, water only surface areas aquatic fauna are practice are 87°45'37.39"E in the Commelina bengalensis Macrobrachium idea, M. notices. Due rainly L. Ipomoea aquatica Malcolmsonii, Ranatra to heavy seasons, Forrsk. Eichhornia sp. filiformes Diplonychus siltation and covered Lemna sp. Nymphaea rusticus, Bellamya eutrophication with nouchali Burm. f. bengalensis typica macrophytes natural Ipomea carnea fistula (Lamarck), Pila globosa and vegetation, (Mart) Ipomea carnea (Swainson)’ hydrophytes less human fistula (Mart) Cyperus Euphlyctic cynophlyctus are increasing interferenc sp. Scirpus articulatus (Schinder) Natrix sp. e, (Linn.) Sagiteria sp. Ardeola grayii, Egretta frequently Phragmites sp. Oryza intermedia, Amaurornis fishes are sativa (Var) fetua phoenicurus, Alcedo collected Monochoria hastate atthis, Pelargopsis by the Solms. Eclipta alba capensis, Phalacocorex niger.

Page | 91

local Hassk Alternenthera people sessilis L. Tillunthera sp. 4 Daskhin Daskhin Kalamdan, Man made, On average 15-55% Most common None of the Kalamdan, Kolkata-Digha High Way overfloded hydrophytes covers the conspicuous non-fish management Kolkata- Location: 21°55'58.17"N, water only surface areas aquatic fauna are practice are Digha High 87°46'40.40"E in the Ipomoea aquatica, Macrobrachium idea, M. notices. Due Way rainly Ipomea carnea fistula, Malcolmsonii, Ranatra to heavy seasons, Cyperus sp. Scirpus filiformes Diplonychus siltation and covered articulates, Sagiteria sp. rusticus, Bellamya eutrophication with Phragmites sp. Oryza bengalensis typica macrophytes natural sativa (Var) fetua (Lamarck), Pila globosa and vegetation, Monochoria hastate (Swainson)’ hydrophytes less human Solms. Eclipta alba, Euphlyctic cynophlyctus are increasing interferenc Alternenthera sessilis, (Schinder) Natrix sp. e, Tillunthera sp. Ardeola grayii, Egretta frequently intermedia, Alcedo atthis, fishes are Pelargopsis capensis, collected Phalacocorex niger. by the local people 5 Pariharpur, Location: 21°56'32.65"N, 0.46 ha Man made, On average 15-55% Most common None of the near 87°35'18.16"E overfloded hydrophytes covers the conspicuous non-fish management Dobandhi, water only surface areas aquatic fauna are practice are Purba in the Commelina bengalensis Macrobrachium idea, M. notices. Due Medinipur rainly L. Ipomoea aquatica Malcolmsonii, Ranatra to heavy seasons, Forrsk. Eichhornia sp. filiformes Diplonychus siltation and covered Lemna sp. Ipomea rusticus, Bellamya eutrophication with carnea fistula (Mart) bengalensis typica macrophytes natural Cyperus sp. Scirpus (Lamarck), Pila globosa and vegetation, articulatus (Linn.) (Swainson)’ hydrophytes less human Sagiteria sp. Phragmites Euphlyctic cynophlyctus are increasing interferenc sp. Oryza sativa (Var) (Schinder) Natrix sp. e, fetua Monochoria Ardeola grayii, Egretta frequently hastate Solms. Eclipta intermedia, Amaurornis fishes are alba Hassk phoenicurus, Alcedo collected atthis, Pelargopsis

Page | 92

by the Alternenthera sessilis L. capensis, Phalacocorex local Tillunthera sp. niger. people Ditches 1 Orissa Ramnagar-I 30.96 km Variable Natural but On average 15-55% Most common None of the Coast Canal Location: 21°40'38.33"N with extended hydrophytes covers the conspicuous non-fish management (O.C.C.) 87°34'22.47"E frequent and surface areas aquatic fauna are practice are tidal renovated Commelina bengalensis, Macrobrachium idea, M. notices. Due water by Ipomoea aquatica, Malcolmsonii, Ranatra to heavy therefor governmen Eichhornia sp. Lemna sp. filiformes Diplonychus siltation and e mainly t, perineal Nymphaea nouchali rusticus, Bellamya eutrophication brakish with Ipomea carnea fistula bengalensis typica leading to water natural Ipomea carnea fistula (Lamarck), Pila globosa increase of prevalen vegetation, Cyperus sp. Scirpus (Swainson)’ macrophytes t areas frequent articulates, Sagiteria sp. Euphlyctic cynophlyctus and human Phragmites sp. Oryza (Schinder) Natrix sp. hydrophytes interferenc sativa (Var) fetua, Motacilla alba, Ardeola (mostly water e, capture Monochoria hastate grayii, Egretta hyacinth, based Solms. Eclipta alba, intermedia, Amaurornis pristia and fisheries Potamogeton sp., phoenicurus, Alcedo salvinia) are practice Alternenthera sessilis, atthis, Halcyon increasing frequently Tillunthera sp. smyrnensis, Pelargopsis covering the done capensis, Ceryle rudis, surface areas Phalacocorex niger. basically on Calidris minuta, Actitis the stagnant hypolleucos. portion of the cannals.

2 Kultikri Egra-II 5.00 km Freshwa Natural, On average 15-55% Most common None of the Khal Location: 22° 4'54.54"N ter perineal hydrophytes covers the conspicuous non-fish management 87°37'58.20"E based with surface areas aquatic fauna are practice are canal natural Commelina bengalensis, Macrobrachium idea, M. notices. Due and vegetation, Ipomoea aquatica, Malcolmsonii, Ranatra to heavy most of frequent Eichhornia sp. Lemna sp. filiformes Diplonychus siltation and thetime human Nymphaea nouchali rusticus, Bellamya eutrophication remain interferenc Ipomea carnea fistula bengalensis typica leading to dried or e, capture Cyperus sp. Scirpus (Lamarck), Pila globosa increase of

Page | 93

little based articulates, Sagiteria sp. (Swainson)’ macrophytes water fisheries Phragmites sp. Oryza Euphlyctic cynophlyctus and found in practice sativa (Var) fetua, (Schinder) Natrix sp. hydrophytes a frequently Monochoria hastate Motacilla alba, Ardeola (mostly water isolated done Solms. Eclipta alba, grayii, Egretta hyacinth, forms Potamogeton sp., intermedia, Amaurornis pristia and Alternenthera sessilis, phoenicurus, Alcedo salvinia) are Tillunthera sp. atthis, Halcyon increasing smyrnensis, Pelargopsis covering the capensis, Ceryle rudis, surface areas Phalacocorex niger. basically on Calidris minuta, Actitis the stagnant hypolleucos. portion of the cannals 3 Pechhaboni Ramnagar-II 18.00 km Freshwa Natural, On average 15-55% Most common None of the Khal Contai-I ter perineal hydrophytes covers the conspicuous non-fish management Location: 21°45'34.51"N based with surface areas aquatic fauna are practice are 87°42'25.84"E canal natural Commelina bengalensis, Macrobrachium idea, M. notices. Due and vegetation, Ipomoea aquatica, Malcolmsonii, Ranatra to heavy most of frequent Ipomea carnea fistula filiformes Diplonychus siltation and thetime human Cyperus sp. Scirpus rusticus, Bellamya eutrophication remain interferenc articulates, Sagiteria sp. bengalensis typica macrophytes dried or e, capture Phragmites sp. Oryza (Lamarck), Pila globosa and little based sativa (Var) fetua, (Swainson)’ hydrophytes water fisheries Monochoria hastate Euphlyctic cynophlyctus are increasing found in practice Solms. Eclipta alba, (Schinder) Natrix sp. a frequently Potamogeton sp., Motacilla alba, Ardeola isolated done Alternenthera sessilis, grayii, Egretta forms Tillunthera sp. intermedia, Amaurornis phoenicurus, Alcedo atthis, Halcyon smyrnensis, Pelargopsis capensis, Ceryle rudis, Phalacocorex niger. Calidris minuta.

Page | 94

4 Sapua Khal Ramnagar-II 10.00 km Mostly Natural, On average 15-55% Most common None of the Location: 21°40'40.33"N tidal perineal hydrophytes covers the conspicuous non-fish management 87°34'16.47"E water with surface areas aquatic fauna are practice are based natural Commelina bengalensis, Macrobrachium idea, M. notices. Due therefor vegetation, Ipomoea aquatica, Malcolmsonii, Ranatra to heavy e mainly frequent Ipomea carnea fistula filiformes Diplonychus siltation and brakish human (Mart) Cyperus sp. rusticus, Bellamya eutrophication water interferenc Scirpus articulates, bengalensis typica macrophytes prevalen e, capture Sagiteria sp. Oryza (Lamarck), Pila globosa and t areas based sativa (Var) fetua, (Swainson)’ hydrophytes fisheries Monochoria hastate Euphlyctic cynophlyctus are increasing practice Solms. Eclipta alba, (Schinder) Natrix sp., frequently Potamogeton sp., Motacilla alba, Ardeola done grayii, Egretta intermedia, Amaurornis phoenicurus, Alcedo atthis, Halcyon smyrnensis, Pelargopsis capensis, Ceryle rudis, Phalacocorex niger. Calidris minuta. 5 Negua Ramnagar-I 16.00 km Mostly Natural, On average 15-55% Most common None of the Diversion Location: 21°40'30.38"N tidal perineal hydrophytes covers the conspicuous non-fish management Channel 87°33'33.42"E water with surface areas aquatic fauna are practice are based natural Commelina bengalensis, Macrobrachium idea, M. notices. Due therefor vegetation, Ipomoea aquatica, Malcolmsonii, Ranatra to heavy e mainly frequent Eichhornia sp. Lemna sp. filiformes Diplonychus siltation and brakish human Ipomea carnea fistula rusticus, Bellamya eutrophication water interferenc (Mart) Cyperus sp. bengalensis typica macrophytes prevalen e, capture Scirpus articulates, (Lamarck), Pila globosa and t areas based Sagiteria sp. Phragmites (Swainson)’ hydrophytes fisheries sp. Oryza sativa (Var) Euphlyctic cynophlyctus are increasing practice fetua, Monochoria (Schinder) Natrix sp., frequently hastate. Eclipta alba, Motacilla alba, Ardeola done Potamogeton sp., grayii, Egretta intermedia, Amaurornis phoenicurus, Alcedo

Page | 95

atthis, Halcyon smyrnensis, Pelargopsis capensis, Ceryle rudis, Phalacocorex niger. Calidris minuta. 6 Out fall of Ramnagar-I 3.00 km Mostly Natural, On average 15-55% Most common None of the Khadal Location: 22°20'44.01"N tidal perineal hydrophytes covers the conspicuous non-fish management Gobra Khal 87°17'55.02"E water with surface areas aquatic fauna are practice are based natural Commelina bengalensis, Macrobrachium idea, M. notices. Due therefor vegetation, Ipomoea aquatica, Malcolmsonii, Ranatra to heavy e mainly frequent Eichhornia sp. Ipomea filiformes Diplonychus siltation and brakish human carnea fistula (Mart) rusticus, Bellamya eutrophication water interferenc Cyperus sp. Scirpus bengalensis typica macrophytes prevalen e, capture articulates, Oryza sativa (Lamarck), Pila globosa and t areas based (Var) fetua, Monochoria (Swainson)’ hydrophytes fisheries hastate Solms. Eclipta Euphlyctic cynophlyctus are increasing practice alba, Potamogeton sp. (Schinder) Natrix sp., frequently Motacilla alba, Ardeola done grayii, Egretta intermedia, Amaurornis phoenicurus, Alcedo atthis, Halcyon smyrnensis, Pelargopsis capensis, Ceryle rudis, Phalacocorex niger. Calidris minuta, Actitis hypolleucos.

7 Hijli Tidal Bhagwanpur-II 25.00 km Mostly Natural On average 15-55% Most common None of the Khal Nandigram-II tidal perineal hydrophytes covers the conspicuous non-fish management Khejuri-II water with surface areas aquatic fauna are practice are Location: 22°49'50.18"N based natural Commelina bengalensis, Macrobrachium idea, M. notices. Due 88°36'5.15"E therefor vegetation, Ipomoea aquatica, Malcolmsonii, Ranatra to heavy e mainly more Eichhornia sp. Lemna filiformes Diplonychus siltation and brakish human sp., Ipomea carnea rusticus, Bellamya eutrophication water interferenc fistula, Cyperus sp. bengalensis typica macrophytes e, Scirpus articulates, (Lamarck), Pila globosa and

Page | 96

prevalen piscicultur Sagiteria sp., Oryza (Swainson)’ hydrophytes t areas e practiced sativa (Var) fetua, Euphlyctic cynophlyctus are increasing frequently Monochoria hastate, (Schinder) Natrix sp., carried out Eclipta alba, Motacilla alba, Ardeola Potamogeton sp., grayii, Egretta Tillunthera sp. intermedia, Amaurornis phoenicurus, Alcedo atthis, Halcyon smyrnensis, Pelargopsis capensis, Ceryle rudis, Phalacocorex niger. Calidris minuta, Actitis hypolleucos.

8 Kalberia Bhagwanpur – I & II 15.50 km Freshwa Natural, On average 15-55% Most common None of the Khal Location: 22°20'56.62"N ter perineal hydrophytes covers the conspicuous non-fish management 87°17'31.81"E based with surface areas aquatic fauna are practice are canal natural Commelina bengalensis, Macrobrachium idea, M. notices. Due and vegetation, Ipomoea aquatica, Malcolmsonii, Ranatra to heavy most of frequent Lemna sp., Scirpus filiformes Diplonychus siltation and thetime human articulates, Sagiteria sp. rusticus, Bellamya eutrophication remain interferenc Phragmites sp. Oryza bengalensis typica macrophytes dried or e, capture sativa (Var) fetua, (Lamarck), Pila globosa and little based Eclipta alba, (Swainson)’ hydrophytes water fisheries Potamogeton sp. Euphlyctic cynophlyctus are increasing found in practice (Schinder) Natrix sp., a frequently Motacilla alba, Ardeola isolated done grayii, Egretta forms intermedia, Amaurornis phoenicurus, Alcedo atthis, Halcyon smyrnensis, Pelargopsis capensis, Ceryle rudis, Phalacocorex niger. Calidris minuta.

Page | 97

9 Itaberia Bhagwanpur-II 15.00 km Mostly Natural, On average 15-55% Most common None of the Khal Pataspur-II tidal perineal hydrophytes covers the conspicuous non-fish management Location: 21°58'25.28"N water with surface areas aquatic fauna are practice are 87°35'21.77"E based natural Commelina bengalensis, Macrobrachium idea, M. notices. Due therefor vegetation, Ipomoea aquatica, Malcolmsonii, Ranatra to heavy e mainly frequent Scirpus articulates, filiformes Diplonychus siltation and brakish human Oryza sativa (Var) fetua, rusticus, Bellamya eutrophication water interferenc Eclipta alba, bengalensis typica macrophytes prevalen e, capture Potamogeton sp., (Lamarck), Pila globosa and t areas based (Swainson)’ hydrophytes fisheries Euphlyctic cynophlyctus are increasing practice (Schinder) Natrix sp., frequently Motacilla alba, Ardeola done grayii, Egretta intermedia, Amaurornis phoenicurus, Alcedo atthis, Halcyon smyrnensis, Pelargopsis capensis, Ceryle rudis, Phalacocorex niger. Calidris minuta. 10 Dariadighi Bhagwanpur-I 8.00 km Mostly Natural, On average 15-55% Most common None of the Khal Location: 22°20'57.55"N tidal perineal hydrophytes covers the conspicuous non-fish management 87°17'45.68"E water with surface areas aquatic fauna are practice are based natural Commelina bengalensis, Macrobrachium idea, M. notices. Due therefor vegetation, Ipomoea aquatica, Malcolmsonii, Ranatra to heavy e mainly frequent Scirpus articulates, filiformes Diplonychus siltation and brakish human Sagiteria sp. Phragmites rusticus, Bellamya eutrophication water interferenc sp. Oryza sativa (Var) bengalensis typica macrophytes prevalen e, capture fetua, Eclipta alba, (Lamarck), Pila globosa and t areas based Potamogeton sp., (Swainson)’ hydrophytes fisheries Euphlyctic cynophlyctus are increasing practice (Schinder) Natrix sp., frequently Motacilla alba, Ardeola done grayii, Egretta intermedia, Amaurornis phoenicurus, Alcedo

Page | 98

atthis, Halcyon smyrnensis, Pelargopsis capensis, Ceryle rudis, Phalacocorex niger. Calidris minuta, Actitis hypolleucos.

Talpatta Nandigram I & Khejuri I & 16.00 km Mostly Natural On average 15-55% Most common None of the 11 Khal II tidal perineal hydrophytes covers the conspicuous non-fish management Location: 21°58'36.12"N water with surface areas aquatic fauna are practice are 87°48'4.12"E based natural Commelina bengalensis, Macrobrachium idea, M. notices. Due therefor vegetation, Ipomoea aquatica, Malcolmsonii, Ranatra to heavy e mainly more Scirpus articulates, filiformes Diplonychus siltation and brakish human Oryza sativa (Var) fetua, rusticus, Bellamya eutrophication water interferenc Eclipta alba, bengalensis typica macrophytes prevalen e, Potamogeton sp., (Lamarck), Pila globosa and t areas piscicultur (Swainson)’ hydrophytes e practiced Euphlyctic cynophlyctus are increasing frequently (Schinder) Natrix sp., carried out Motacilla alba, Ardeola grayii, Egretta intermedia, Amaurornis phoenicurus, Alcedo atthis, Halcyon smyrnensis, Pelargopsis capensis, Ceryle rudis, Phalacocorex niger. Calidris minuta. 12 Nandigram Nandigram 12.00 km Mostly Natural On average 15-55% Most common None of the Khal Location: 22° 1'0.00"N tidal perineal hydrophytes covers the conspicuous non-fish management 87°58'60.00"E water with surface areas aquatic fauna are practice are based natural Commelina bengalensis, Macrobrachium idea, M. notices. Due therefor vegetation, Ipomoea aquatica, Malcolmsonii, Ranatra to heavy e mainly more Sagiteria sp. Phragmites filiformes Diplonychus siltation and brakish human sp. Oryza sativa (Var) rusticus, Bellamya eutrophication water interferenc fetua, Eclipta alba, bengalensis typica macrophytes e, Potamogeton sp., (Lamarck), Pila globosa and

Page | 99

prevalen piscicultur (Swainson)’ hydrophytes t areas e practiced Euphlyctic cynophlyctus are increasing frequently (Schinder) Natrix sp., carried out Motacilla alba, Ardeola grayii, Egretta intermedia, Amaurornis phoenicurus, Alcedo atthis, Halcyon smyrnensis, Pelargopsis capensis, Ceryle rudis, Phalacocorex niger. Calidris minuta. 13 Baghal nadi Pataspur-II 8.00 km Freshwa Natural, On average 15-55% Most common None of the Location: 22° 1'13.29"N ter perineal hydrophytes covers the conspicuous non-fish management 87°32'31.41"E sometim with surface areas aquatic fauna are practice are e mixed natural Commelina bengalensis, Macrobrachium idea, M. notices. Due with vegetation, Ipomoea aquatica, Malcolmsonii, Ranatra to heavy brakish frequent Commelina bengalensis, filiformes Diplonychus siltation and ware human Ipomoea aquatica, rusticus, Bellamya eutrophication based interferenc Scirpus articulates, bengalensis typica macrophytes canal e, capture Sagiteria sp. Phragmites (Lamarck), Pila globosa and and based sp. Oryza sativa (Var) (Swainson)’ hydrophytes most of fisheries fetua, Eclipta alba, Euphlyctic cynophlyctus are increasing thetime practice Potamogeton sp., (Schinder) Natrix sp., remain frequently Motacilla alba, Ardeola dried or done grayii, Egretta little intermedia, Amaurornis water phoenicurus, Alcedo found in atthis, Halcyon a smyrnensis, Pelargopsis isolated capensis, Ceryle rudis, forms Phalacocorex niger. Calidris minuta, Actitis hypolleucos. 14 Kaliaghai Bhagwanpur-I 63.00 km Mostly Natural, On average 15-55% Most common None of the river Location: 22°20'57.55"N tidal perineal hydrophytes covers the conspicuous non-fish management 87°17'45.68"E water with surface areas aquatic fauna are practice are

Page | 100

based natural Commelina bengalensis, Macrobrachium idea, M. notices. Due therefor vegetation, Ipomoea aquatica, Malcolmsonii, Ranatra to heavy e mainly more Scirpus articulates, filiformes Diplonychus siltation and brakish human Sagiteria sp. Phragmites rusticus, Bellamya eutrophication water interferenc sp. Oryza sativa (Var) bengalensis typica macrophytes prevalen e, fetua, Eclipta alba, (Lamarck), Pila globosa and t areas piscicultur Potamogeton sp., (Swainson)’ hydrophytes e practiced Euphlyctic cynophlyctus are increasing frequently (Schinder) Natrix sp., carried out Motacilla alba, Ardeola grayii, Egretta intermedia, Amaurornis phoenicurus, Alcedo atthis, Halcyon smyrnensis, Pelargopsis capensis, Ceryle rudis, Phalacocorex niger. Calidris minuta, Actitis hypolleucos. Dunia Khal Contain- III 14.00 km Freshwa Natural, On average 25-45% Most common None of the 15 Location: 21°47'23.62"N ter perineal hydrophytes covers the conspicuous non-fish management 87°44'7.73"E sometim with surface areas aquatic fauna are practice are e mixed natural Commelina bengalensis, Macrobrachium idea, M. notices. Due with vegetation, Ipomoea aquatica, Malcolmsonii, Ranatra to heavy brakish frequent Eichhornia sp. Lemna sp. filiformes Diplonychus siltation and ware human Ipomea carnea fistula , rusticus, Bellamya eutrophication based interferenc Cyperus sp. Scirpus bengalensis typica macrophytes canal e, capture articulates, Sagiteria sp. (Lamarck), Pila globosa and and based Phragmites sp. Oryza (Swainson)’ hydrophytes most of fisheries sativa (Var) fetua, Euphlyctic cynophlyctus are increasing thetime practice Monochoria hastate (Schinder) Natrix sp., remain frequently Solms. Eclipta alba, Motacilla alba, Ardeola dried or done Alternenthera sessilis, grayii, Egretta little Tillunthera sp. intermedia, Amaurornis water phoenicurus, Alcedo found in atthis, Halcyon a smyrnensis, Pelargopsis

Page | 101

isolated capensis, Ceryle rudis, forms Phalacocorex niger. Calidris minuta, Actitis hypolleucos. 16 Jhawbani Contai-III 5.00 km Freshwa Natural, On average 15-55% Most common None of the Khal Location: 21°46'52.08"N ter perineal hydrophytes covers the conspicuous non-fish management 87°44'42.14"E sometim with surface areas aquatic fauna are practice are e mixed natural Commelina bengalensis, Macrobrachium idea, M. notices. Due with vegetation, Ipomoea aquatica, Malcolmsonii, Ranatra to heavy brakish frequent Eichhornia sp., Lemna filiformes Diplonychus siltation and ware human sp., Ipomea carnea rusticus, Bellamya eutrophication based interferenc fistula, Cyperus sp. bengalensis typica macrophytes canal e, capture Scirpus articulates, (Lamarck), Pila globosa and and based Sagiteria sp. Phragmites (Swainson)’ hydrophytes most of fisheries sp. Oryza sativa (Var) Euphlyctic cynophlyctus are increasing thetime practice fetua, Monochoria (Schinder) Natrix sp., remain frequently hastate, Eclipta alba, Motacilla alba, Ardeola dried or done Potamogeton sp., grayii, Egretta little Alternenthera sessilis, intermedia, Amaurornis water Tillunthera sp. phoenicurus, Alcedo found in atthis, Halcyon a smyrnensis, Pelargopsis isolated capensis, Ceryle rudis, forms Phalacocorex niger. Calidris minuta, Actitis hypolleucos.

Page | 102

Format B: Fish fauna (include edible crustaceans also)

Table - 1 List of ichthyofauna

Scientific Name Local Present Past IUCN Reasons for change in Other observations Name abunda abunda Status abundance nce nce (grade (grade 0-3) 0-3) Order I. SILURIFORMES Family 1. BAGRIDAE (Bagrid catfhishes) 1. Tengra 3 3 LC Population is found Captured from wild with other static over the year, fishes, population speaded over availability is normal as with flood water. No special earlier. breeding ground. Abundant 1. Overexploitation throughout the year but they are 2. Killing of Brood breed on monsoon and thus its fishes number increases in the post 1. Mystus bleekeri (Day, 1877) 3. Indescriminate mansoon season, Location of Collection: Rupnarayan hunting with fine net River, Keleghai, orrisa Coast Canal, Egra 4. Destruction of breeding ground

2. Dwarf 3 3 LC Population is found Delicious table fish, Captured catfish, static over the year, from wild, culture practice not Tengra availability are normal yet started. Found in tidal rivers as earlier. and lakes; also beels, canals, 1. Overexploitation ditches, ponds, and inundated 2. Killing of Brood fields. 2. Mystus cavasius (Hamilton, 1822) fishes

Page | 103

Location of Collection: Rupnarayan 3. Indescriminate River, Keleghai, orrisa Coast Canal, Egra hunting with fine net 4. Destruction of breeding ground

3. Tangra 3 3 LC Population is found Delicious table fish, Captured static over the year, from wild, culture practice not availability are normal yet started. Found in tidal rivers as earlier. It has no and lakes; also beels, canals, threat regarding its ditches, ponds, and inundated 3. Mystus oculatus (Valenciennes, 1840) survivility in the wild. fields. Location of Collection: Shilaboti River, Rupnarayan River, Keleghai, orrisa Coast Canal, Egra

4. Nadi tangra 3 3 LC Population is found Delicious table fish, Captured static over the year, from wild, culture practice not availability are normal yet started. Found in tidal rivers as earlier. It has no and lakes; also beels, canals, threat regarding its ditches, ponds, and inundated survivility in the wild. fields. 4. Mystus keletius (Valenciennes, 1840)

Location of Collection: Keleghai river, Haldi River,

Page | 104

5. Spotted 1 2 LC Very abundant and Delicious table fish, Captured catfish, aperantly there is no from wild, culture practice not Nuna tangra threat found in its yet started. Found in tidal rivers survivality. Breed in the and ditches sea water and frequently found in the estuarine 5. Arius maculatus (Thunberg 1792) areas of the river. 1. Overexploitation Location of Collection: Madhakhali, 2. Killing of Brood Purba Midnapore fishes 3. Indescriminate hunting with fine net

6. Long 3 3 LC Population is found Delicious table fish, Captured whiskered static over the year, from wild, culture practice not catfish, availability are normal yet started. Primarily a brackish Nuna as earlier. Now this fish water fish that enters and lives in Tengra is trying to culture in the fresh water. In freshwater, adults firewater ponds in Purba occur mainly in larger water 6. Mystus gulio (Hamilton, 1822) and Paschim Medinipur bodies (rivers and streams) with Location of Collection: Keleghai river, district. mud or clay substrates, and rarely Rupnarayan River, Orrisa Coast Canal, found in smaller streams. Egra Abundant throughout the year but more in post in the monsoon season. 7. Tengra 2 3 LC Population is found Adults inhabit rivers and ponds in slightly declining over plains and submontane regions in the year, availability are flowing and standing waters. normal as earlier.

7. Mystus tengara (Hamilton, 1822)

Page | 105

Location of Collection: Panskura, Purba Midnapore

8. Strtiped 1 3 LC Population is found Adults inhabit standing and dwarf declining over the year, flowing waters. Usually found catfish, availability is more among marginal vegetation with Tengra during the summer a mud substrate. season. Main factors are 1. Overexploitation 2. Killing of Brood 8. Mystus vittatus (Bloch, 1794) fishes Location of Collection: Rupnarayan 3. Indescriminate River, Keleghai, orrisa Coast Canal, Egra hunting with fine net 4. Destruction of breeding ground 9. Aarr 1 3 LC Population is found Found in rivers, canals, beels, declining over the year, ditches, inundated fields and availability recorded other freshwater areas. occasionally on premonsoon. Declining Abundant throughout the year mainly due to: but more in post in the monsoon 9. Mystus singhala (Sykes, 1839) 1. Selective Killing season, population is drastically Location of Collection: Rupnarayan 2. Indescriminate reduces over the years. river, Purba Midnapore hunting with fine net 3. Destruction of breeding ground

Page | 106

10. 1 2 LC Brakishwater and Very rare in occurrence, Inhabits sometimes found in the rivers and estuaries, preferably freshwater habitat but its muddy to clear water. Prefers availability is very rare. backwater of quiet eddies. Most Populations details abundant in a monsoon season, abouts its is not known. population is nearly static over Occasionally it is found the years. Now it is occasionally in the market of Purba found in a hues amount in a short Medinipur specifically time at Tamluk. 10. Rita buchanani Location of Collection: Tamluk, Purba Midnapore

11. Long 1 3 LC Population is found Found in rivers, canals, beels, whiskered declining over the year, ditches, inundated fields and catfish, Arr availability recorded other freshwater areas. Abundant mostly on premonsoon. throughout the year but more in Declining mainly due post in the monsoon season, 11. Sperata aor (Hamilton, 1822) (= to: population is drastically reduces Aorichthys aor (Hamilton, 1822) 1. Selective Killing over the years. 2. Indescriminate Location of Collection: Kansai, hunting with fine net Panskura, Paniparul, Ramnagar 3. Destruction of breeding ground

Page | 107

12. Giant catfish 1 3 NE Brakishwater and Very rare in occurrence, brackish sometimes found in the water dwellers in the river system freshwater habitat but its where tidal water fluctuates, availability is very rare. abundant more in post in the Populations details monsoon season, population is 12. Netuma thalassina (Rüppell, 1837) abouts its is not known. availability reduces over the Location of Collection: Haldi River, years. Now it is occasionally Midnapore found in a hues amount in a short time

Family 2. SILURIDAE (Sheat fishes) 13. Butter 1 3 NT Population is found Maximum Size 14 inch, highest catfish, declining over the year, availability during premonsoon Pabda availability are reducing (March-May) and frequently from earlier may be due found from the hydrophytes to:. infested ponds. Very rare in 1. Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch) 1. Overexploitation occurrence and it has been 2. Killing of Brood reported by the local Location of Collection: Kudi, Kolaghat, fishes knowledgeable person that its Tamluk, Midnapore 3. Indescriminate availability reduces more than hunting with fine net 50% over 5 years and 4. Destruction of occasionally found in breeding ground premonsoon seasion. Due to its decious tests its market price is highest one. 14. Butter 1 3 NT Population is found Maximum Size 4 inch, highest catfish, declining over the year, availability during premonsoon Pabda availability recorded (March-May) and frequently occasionally on found from the hydrophytes premonsoon. infested ponds. Very rare in 2. Ompok pabda (Hamilton) Availability are occurrence and it has been

Page | 108

Location of Collection: Egra, Panskura, reducing from earlier reported by the local Tamluk may be due to:. knowledgeable person that its 1. Overexploitation availability reduces more than 2. Killing of Brood 50% over 5 years and fishes occasionally found in 3. Indescriminate premonsoon seasion. Due to its hunting with fine net decious tests its market price is 4. Destruction of highest one. breeding ground

15. Butter 2 3 NT Very rare in occurrence Maximum Size 9 inch, highest catfish, and it has been reported availability during premonsoon Pabda by the local (March-May) and frequently knowledgeable person found from the river and to some that its availability extend from the larger ponds. Its reduces more than 50% highest availability found in 3. Ompok pabo (Hamilton) over 5 years. summer and premonsoon Availability are seasion. Due to its decious tests Location of Collection: Rupnarayan reducing from earlier its market price is highest one. River, Keleghai, Orrisa Coast Canal, may be due to:. Egra 1. Overexploitation 2. Killing of Brood fishes 3. Indescriminate hunting with fine net 4. Destruction of breeding ground

Page | 109

16. Freshwater 2 3 NT Population is found Population is decresing, mostly shark, Boal declining over the year, available in the perennial water availability recorded bodies and wasteland types of mostly on premonsoon. water body. It has been reported 4. Wallago attu (Bloch & Schenider, Declining mainly due by the local knowledgeable 1801) to: person that its availability 1. Selective Killing reduces more than 50% over 5 2. Indescriminate years and occasionally found in Location of Collection: Contai, Tamluk, hunting with fine net summer and premonsoon 3. Destruction of seasion. breeding ground

Family 3. SCHILBEIDAE (Schilbid catfishes) 17. Banspati 1 3 NT Population is found Very rare in occurrence and it has drustically declining been reported by the local over the year, knowledgeable person that its availability are reducing availability reduces more than may be due to: 50% over 10 years 1. Indescriminate 1. Ailia coila (Hamilton, 1822) hunting with fine net 2. Destruction of Location of Collection: Kangsaboti river, breeding ground Contai, Tamluk,

18. Garua 3 3 LC Population is found Maximum Size 18 inch, Bachcha, static over the year, availability throughout the year, Gaura, availability is normal as Highest availability during Fultusi earlier. They are premonsoon (March-May) and frequently culture as abundant throughout the district 2. Clupisoma garua (Hamilton, 1822)

Page | 110

Location of Collection: Panskura, good table fishes with in culturable ponds and Contai, Tamluk, Keshpur, Midnapore best market price. frequently found from the river.

19. Vacha, 3 3 LC Population is found Maximum Size 24 inch, Bacha static over the year, availability throughout the year, Barah availability is normal as Highest availability during fultusi earlier. They are premonsoon (March-May) and frequently culture as abundant throughout the district good table fishes with in culturable ponds and best market price. frequently found from the river. 3. Eutropiichthys vacha (Hamilton, 1822)

Location of Collection: Panskura, Contai, Tamluk, Keshpur,

20. Tinkanta, 1 2 LC Population is drastically Max. sice riched upto 2.8 inches, Tetangara declined over the year, freshwater dwellers, found in availability is very scant both stagnant and running water and only found during system basically ponds, canals, the post summer - khal, bills, dishes, and river. 4. Pseiideutropius atherinoides (Bloch, premonsoon seasons. Abundant more in the post 1994) 1. Overexploitation monsoon season, population is 2. Indescriminate nearly static over the years. It is hunting with fine net basically known as airbreathers. Location of Collection: Panskura, 3. Destruction of Contai, Tamluk, breeding ground

Page | 111

Family 4. PANGASIIDAE (Shark catfish. Pungas) 21. Pangash 3 3 LC Population is found Maximum Size 24 inch, static over the year, availability throughout the year, availability is normal as Highest availability during earlier. They are premonsoon (March-May) and frequently culture as abundant throughout the district good table fishes with in culturable ponds and 1. Pangasius pangasius (Hamilton) best market price. Now occassionally in the river. they are cultured in the ponds for best market Location of Collection: Panskura, prices. Contai, Tamluk,

Family 5. SISORIDAE (Sucker catfishes) 22. Dwarf 1 3 NT It has no threat Max. sice riched upto 16 inches, Goonch/ regarding its survivility freshwater dwellers, found in the Bagarius, in the wild. This fish is river. Very rare in occurrence and Baghmach used as an aquarium it has been reported by the local fishes knowledgeable person that its availability is very occasional 1. Bagarius bagarius (Hamilton, and reduces more than 50% over 1822) 5 years Location of Collection: Kangsaboti, Shilaboti river, Midnapore

Family 6. LORICARIIDAE

Page | 112

23. Armoured 1 0 NE Such fish is basically Max. sice riched upto 19 inches, Sukermouth used as an aquarium freshwater dwellers, found in the Catfish fishes but accidentally it stagnant water system basically is invaded in the water ponds, khal, dishes. Its has good body and gradually market value due to its increases its population. ornamental looks anf therfor it is 2. . Hypostomus plecostomus (Linnaeus, They are hard survivor one of the best aquarioum fished. 1758) in any harse situation or This fish is exotic one. even low water. It can Location of Collection: Panskura, be live without water for Keshpur, Contai, Purba Midnapore a day. Ithas no threat found regarding its

survivility in the wild. Due to its armoured backbone it no one easily feed upon it. Family 7. CLARIIDAE (Air breathing catfishes) 24. Walking 3 3 LC Population is found Max. sice riched upto 15 inches, catfish, static over the year, freshwater dwellers, found in the Magur availability are normal stagnant water system basically as earlier. Abundant ponds, khal, dishes, bills with 1. Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus) more in the post high organic load. This fish is one monsoon season, of the best air breathers and can population is gradually survive more than a day without Location of Collection: Kudi, Panskura, declining over the years. water. Its has good market value Midnapore 1. Overexploitation due to its good tests ethnological 2. Killing of Brood use. Its flesh is frequently fishes recommended by the doctor due 3. Indescriminate to its high protein content and hunting with fine net easy digestibility.

Page | 113

4. Destruction of breeding ground 5. Intraspecific competition specifically with Hybreed one

Family 8. HETEROPNEUSTIDAE (Stinging catfishes) 25. Stinging 2 3 LC Population is found Max. sice riched upto 15 inches, catfish, static over the year, freshwater dwellers, found in the Singee availability are normal stagnant water system basically as earlier. Abundant ponds, khal, dishes, bills with more in the post high organic load. This fish is one monsoon season, of the best air breathers and can 1. Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) population is gradually survive more than a day without declining over the years. water. Its has good market value Location of Collection: Kudi, Panskura, 1. Overexploitation due to its good tests ethnological Midnapore 2. Killing of Brood use. Its flesh is frequently fishes recommended by the doctor due 3. Indescriminate to its high protein content and hunting with fine net easy digestibility. 4. Destruction of breeding ground Order II. CYPRINIFORMES Family 1. CYPRINIDAE (Minnows, Carps)

Page | 114

26. Mola 2 3 LC Population is found Maximum Size 3 inch, common carplet, declining over the year, in occurrence, found throughout Mourala/M their population the year. During the summer owka declination may be due (April-May) its availability to: become high, and it has been 1. Indescriminate reported by the local 1. Amblypharyngodon mola (Hamilton) hunting with fine net knowledgeable person that its

2. Destruction of availability reduces more than Location of Collection: Panskura, breeding ground 50% over 10 years. Midnapore 3. Use of insecticide that kills juveniles and adults specially in the rice field

27. Catla, Catla 3 3 LC Population is found Maximum Size 16-22 inch, static over the year, availability throughout the year, availability is normal as Highest availability during earlier. They are premonsoon (March-May) and frequently culture as abundant throughout the district good table fishes with in culturable ponds and 2. Catla catla (Hamilton) best market price. occassionally in the river.

Population is found static over Location of Collection: Kudi, Panskura, the year. Midnapore

Page | 115

28. Dhanbulbuli 1 3 LC Population is found Maximum Size 2.2 inch, very declining over the year, very rare in occurrence, found in Their population one time middle of the summer declination may be due (April-May), and it has been to: reported by the local 3. Chela cachius (Hamilton) 4. Indescriminate knowledgeable person that its hunting with fine net availability reduces more than 5. Destruction of 50% over 05 years. Location of Collection: Shilaboti river, breeding ground Egra, Purba Midnapore 6. Use of insecticide that kills juveniles and adults specially in the rice field

29. Mrigal 3 3 LC Population is found Maximum Size 16-22 inch, static over the year, availability throughout the year, availability is normal as Highest availability during earlier. They are premonsoon (March-May) and frequently culture as abundant throughout the district good table fishes with in culturable ponds and best market price. occassionally in the river. 4. Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton) Population is found declining over the year. They are Location of Collection: Kudi, Panskura, frequently culture as good table Midnapore fishes with best market price.

Page | 116

30. Grass carp 3 3 NE Population is found Maximum Size 2.3 feet, static over the year, availability throughout the year, availability is normal as Highest availability during earlier. They are premonsoon (March-May) and frequently culture as abundant throughout the district good table fishes with in Beels and ponds. Found 5. Ctenopharyngodon idella best market price. basically weed infested water (Valenciennes) body. Population in static trend decreasing over the years. Location of Collection: Kudi, Panskura, Midnapore

31. Common 3 3 Vulner Very abundant and Huse in abundance, can breed in carp able aperantly there is no the stagnant water thus its no (VU) threat found in its problem in the spawning. Each (A2ce) survivality in the wild and every where its adaptability though it is exotic is quite good though its market species. Adapted in price is not so high. every condition and due 6. Cyprinus carpio carpio Linnaeus to its natural breeding in stagnant water, Location of Collection: Kudi, Panskura, population is found Narayangarh, Midnapore abundant over the years.

Page | 117

32. Zebra 1 3 LC Very abundant and Maximum Size 2.3 inch, Danio, Anju aperantly there is no availability throughout the year, threat found in its Highest availability during survivality in the wild premonsoon (March-May) and Due to its natural abundant throughout the district breeding in stagnant in Beels and ponds. Found 7. Danio rerio (Hamilton) water, population is basically weed infested water found abundant over the body. Population in static trend Location of Collection: thrugh out years. over the years. stagnant freshwater & paddy field of Purba Midnapore

33. Silver carp 3 3 NT Very abundant and Maximum Size 18-28 inch, aperantly there is no availability throughout the year, threat found in its Highest availability during survivality. Exotic premonsoon (March-May) and fishes but wel adapted in abundant throughout the district various condition of the in culturable ponds and in river 8. Hypophthalmichthys molitrix water. occassionally. (Valenciennes)

Location of Collection: Egra, Kudi, Panskura,

Page | 118

34. Bata 2 3 LC Very abundant and Maximum Size 6 inch, aperantly there is no availability throughout the year, threat found in its Highest availability during survivality. premonsoon (March-May) and abundant throughout the district 9. Labeo bata (Hamilton) in culturable ponds and occassionally in the river. Population is found declining Location of Collection: Egra, Kudi, over the year. They are Contai, Panskura, frequently culture as good table fishes with best market price. 35. Orangefin 2 3 LC 1. Overexploitation Maximum Size 16-22 inch, labeo, 2. Killing of Brood availability throughout the year, Calbasu fishes Highest availability during 3. Indescriminate premonsoon (March-May) and hunting with fine net abundant throughout the district 4. Destruction of in culturable ponds and 10. Labeo calbasu (Hamilton) breeding ground occassionally in the river. Population is found Population is found declining Location of Collection: Egra, Kudi, static over the year, over the year. They are Contai, Panskura, availability are normal frequently culture as good table as earlier. fishes with best market price.

36. Rohu, Rui 3 3 LC Population is found Maximum Size 14-20 inch, static over the year, availability throughout the year, availability are normal Highest availability during as earlier. premonsoon (March-May) and 1. Overexploitation abundant throughout the district 2. Killing of Brood in culturable ponds and 11. Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fishes occassionally in the river. Population is found declining

Page | 119

Location of Collection: Egra, Kudi, 3. Indescriminate over the year. They are Contai, Panskura, hunting with fine net frequently culture as good table 4. No proper breeding fishes with best market price. ground

37. Swamp 1 3 LC Population is found Maximum Size 3 inch, Highest barb, declining over the year, availability during premonsoon Kerrundi availability is very (March-May) and abundant occasional. They are throughout the district in declining may be due to: hydrophyte infested ponds and 1. Overexploitation occassionally in the river. 12. Puntius chola (Hamilton) 2. Killing of Brood Population is found declining fishes over the year. They are Location of Collection: Egra, Kudi, 3. Indescriminate frequently captured from the Contai, Panskura, hunting with fine net wild, no culture practice were 4. Destruction of done. Used as good table fishes

breeding ground with moderate market price. 5. Use of insecticide that kills juveniles and adults specially in the rice field 38. Rosy barb, 1 3 LC Population is found Maximum Size 3.5 inch, Highest Kanchan declining over the year, availability during premonsoon puti availability is very (March-May) and abundant occasional. They are throughout the district in declining may be due to: hydrophyte infested ponds and 1. Overexploitation occassionally in the river. 2. Killing of Brood Population is found declining fishes over the year. They are 3. Indescriminate frequently captured from the 13. Puntius conchonius (Hamilton) hunting with fine net wild, no culture practice were

Page | 120

4. Destruction of done. Used as good table fishes Location of Collection: Egra, Kudi, breeding ground with moderate market price.

Contai, Panskura, 5. Use of insecticide that kills juveniles and adults specially in the rice field

39. Olive barb, 3 3 LC Population is found Maximum Size 14 inch, Highest Sarpunti, static over the year, availability during premonsoon Swarna puti availability are normal (March-May) and abundant , Sonapunti, as earlier. Very throughout the district and Sonamukhi abundant and aperantly occassionally in the river. Punti there is no threat found Population is found declining in its survivality. over the year. They are now 1. Overexploitation cultured in the waterbody. Used 14. Puntius sarana (Hamilton) 2. Killing of Brood as good table fishes with fishes moderate market price. Location of Collection: Egra, Kudi, 3. Indescriminate Contai, Panskura, hunting with fine net 4. Destruction of breeding ground 49. Pool barb, 2 3 LC Population is found Maximum Size 3 inch, Highest Puti static over the year, availability during premonsoon availability is normal as (March-May) and abundant earlier. Very abundant throughout the district in and aperantly there is no hydrophyte infested ponds and threat found in its occassionally in the river. survivality. Population is found declining 1. Overexploitation over the year. They are 15. Puntius sophore (Hamilton) 2. Killing of Brood frequently captured from the fishes wild, no culture practice were

Page | 121

Location of Collection: Egra, Kudi, 3. Indescriminate done. Used as good table fishes Contai, Panskura, hunting with fine net with moderate market price. 4. Destruction of breeding ground 5. Use of insecticide that kills juveniles and adults specially in the rice field 41. Ticto barb, 2 3 LC Very abundant and Maximum Size 2.5 inch, Highest Tit puti aperantly there is no availability during premonsoon threat found in its (March-May) and abundant survivality. Population throughout the district in is found slightly hydrophyte infested ponds and declining over the year, occassionally in the river. these may be due to: Population is found declining 16. Puntius ticto (Hamilton) 1. Overexploitation over the year. They are 2. Killing of Brood frequently captured from the fishes wild, no culture practice were Location of Collection: Egra, Kudi, 3. Indescriminate done. Used as good table fishes Contai, Panskura, hunting with fine net with moderate market price. 4. Destruction of breeding ground. 5. Use of insecticide that kills juveniles and adults specially in the rice field

Page | 122

42 Punti 1 2 LC Very rare in availability. Maximum Size 6 inch, Highest Population is found availability during premonsoon declining over the year, (March-May) and abundant in a these may be due to: certain portion of the Purba 1. Overexploitation Medinipur district Panskura, 2. Killing of Brood Ghatal, Dashpur, Midnapore. It is fishes used as table fish and looks 17. Systomus sarana (Hamilton, 3. Indescriminate contemporary to Lebio bata with 1822) hunting with fine net moderate market value. 4. Destruction of Location of Collection: Panskura, breeding ground. 43. 1 2 LC Very rare in availability. Maximum Size 2 inch, Highest Population is found availability during premonsoon slightly declining over (March-May) and abundant in a the year, these may be certain portion of the Purba due to: Medinipur district specially near 5. Overexploitation Tamluk. Due to its colourful 6. Killing of Brood looks it is frequently usedas a fishes ornamental fishe with moderate 7. Indescriminate market value. hunting with fine net 8. Destruction of 18. Puntius narayani breeding ground.

Location of Collection: Tamluk 44. Chela, 2 3 LC Population is gradually Maximum Size 6 inch, Highest Jahala, jolai declining over the year, availability during premonsoon maach, fool availability is very scant (March-May) and abundant chela, and only found during throughout the district in 19. Salmostoma phulo (Hamilton) chelka hydrophyte infested ponds and

Page | 123

the post summer - occassionally in the river. Location of Collection: Egra, Kudi, premonsoon seasons. Population is found declining

Contai, Panskura, Ghatal, Dashpur, 1. Overexploitation over the year. They are

Midnapore 2. Indescriminate frequently captured from the hunting with fine net wild, no culture practice were 3. Destruction of done. Used as good table fishes breeding ground with moderate market price.

45. Ghora chela 2 3 LC Population is gradually Maximum Size 6.5 inch, Highest declining over the year, availability during premonsoon availability is very scant (March-May) and abundant and only found during throughout the district in 20. Salmophasia bacaila (Hamilton, the post summer - hydrophyte infested ponds and 1822) premonsoon seasons. occassionally in the river. 1. Overexploitation Population is found declining 2. Indescriminate over the year. They are Location of Collection: Egra, Kudi, hunting with fine net frequently captured from the Contai, Panskura, 3. Destruction of wild, no culture practice were breeding ground done. Used as good table fishes with moderate market price. 46. 1 3 LC Very abundant, breed in Maximum Size 10 inch, Highest the sea water and availability during premonsoon frequently found in the (March-May) and abundant estuarine areas of the throughout the puba Medinipur river. and aperantly district brackish water based there is no threat found water bodies and occassionally in its survivality. in the rivers. Population is found 21. Salmophasia untrahi (Day, 1869) declining over the year. They are frequently captured from the wild, no culture practice were

Page | 124

Location of Collection: Haldi River, done. Used as good table fishes Midnapore with moderate market price.

47. 2 3 LC Population is gradually Maximum Size 10 inch, Highest declining over the year, availability during premonsoon availability rapidly (March-May) and abundant decreasing and only throughout the puba Medinipur found during the post district brackish water based summer - premonsoon water bodies and occassionally 22. Salmophasia sp seasons. in the rivers. Population is found 1. Overexploitation declining over the year. They are Location of Collection: Haldi River, 2. Indescriminate frequently captured from the Midnapore hunting with fine net wild, no culture practice were 3. Destruction of done. Used as good table fishes breeding ground with moderate market price.

48. 1 3 LC Population is gradually Very very rare in occurrence, declining over the year, found in one time middle of the availability is very scant summer (9th May, 2014), and it and only found during has been reported by the local the post summer - knowledgeable person that its premonsoon seasons. availability reduces more than 23. Osteobrama cotio 1. Overexploitation 50% over 05 years. 2. Indescriminate Location of Collection: Shilaboti river, hunting with fine net 3. Destruction of breeding ground

Page | 125

49. Flying barb, 2 3 LC Very abundant and Common throught the year, denre, aperantly there is no found in every water body from danrdia threat found in its ponds to river. Captured fronm survivality. the wild alongwith the so called weed fishes. It has no specific 24. Nuria danrica (Ver malabarica) market value. (Hamilton)

Location of Collection: Egra, Kudi, Contai, Panskura, Family 2. POECILIIDAE (Poeciliids) 50. Guppy, 3 3 NE Very abundant and Maximum Size 2 inch, Highest Techokha aperantly there is no availability during premonsoon threat found in its (March-May) and abundant survivality. throughout the year. Commonly 1. Poecilia reticulate occur in the polluted drain or in the cannels throught the year, also found in any water body Location of Collection: Egra, Kudi, from ponds to river. They are not Contai, Panskura, usedas food but it has ornamentl values therefore used as aquarium fishes. Therefore it has specific market value. 51. 3 3 NE Very abundant and Maximum Size 2 inch, Highest aperantly there is no availability during premonsoon threat found in its (March-May) and abundant survivality. throughout the year. Commonly occur in the polluted drain or in the cannels throught the year, also found in any water body

Page | 126

2. Gambusia affinis from ponds to river. They are not usedas food but it has ornamentl Location of Collection: Egra, Kudi, values therefore used as Contai, Panskura, aquarium fishes. Therefore it has specific market value.

Techokha 3 3 LC Very abundant and Maximum Size 2.5 inch, Highest 52. aperantly there is no availability during premonsoon threat found in its (March-May) and abundant survivality. throughout the year. Commonly occur in the polluted drain or in the cannels throught the year, 3. Aplocheilus panchax (Hamilton, also found in any water body 1822) from ponds to river. They are not Location of Collection: Egra, Kudi, used as food and treated as weed Contai, Panskura, fishes. Aplocheilus panchax (Hamilton, 1822) 53. Baghua 1 2 LC Abandant in the rivers Maximum Size 3.2 inch, gunte and cananls, dominant availability throughout the year, in the monsoon and at sessile, Highest availability that time mostly caught during premonsoon (March- with the so called weed May) and abundant throughout 4. Botia almorhae fishes. Population the district. Found in running reported declining water body. Population in perhaves due to decreasing trend over the years. Location of Collection: Shilaboti river, destruction of breeding It is frequently used as an Midnapore. ground. aquarium fished due to its ornamental look.

Page | 127

54. Gunte 2 3 LC Abandant, dominant in Maximum Size 2.8 inch, the monsoon and at that availability throughout the year, time mostly caught with sessile, Highest availability the so called weed during premonsoon (March- fishes. Population May) and abundant throughout 5. Lepidocephalus guntea reported declining due the district. Found in weed to unknown reason. infested water body. Population Location of Collection: Egra, Kudi, is decreasing trend over the Contai, Panskura, Patashpur years. Order III. CHARACIFORMES Family 1. CHARACIDAE 55 Rupchand, 2 0 NE Very abundant and Maximum Size 26 inch, Highest Paku aperantly there is no availability during premonsoon threat found in its (March-May) and abundant survivality. They are throughout the district and now culture along with occassionally in the rivers. Used the IMC and found as good table fishes with high better yield. Most market price. commercial culture 1. Colosoma bidens practice successfullu Location of Collection: Egra, Kudi, carried out at the Moyna Contai, Moyna Jhil of Purba Medinipur. Order IV. PERCIFORMES Family 1. CENTROPOMIDAE (Giant/Glass perches)

Page | 128

56 Bhetki 3 3 LC Very abundant and Maximum Size 28 inch, Highest aperantly there is no availability during premonsoon threat found in its (March-May) and abundant in survivality. Breed in the brackish water bodies in the sea water and frequently rivers throughout the district. found in the estuarine They are frequently captured areas of the river. from the wild, recently thy are culture in the brackish and in 2. Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1790). fresh water also. Used as very good table fishes with high Location of Collection: Argoal, market price. Pratapdighi, Egra, Kudi, Contai, Panskura, Family 2. HAEMULIDAE (Grunts) Silver grunt 57 Shankhi 1 2 LC Very abundant and Maximum Size 28 inch, Highest Tarui aperantly there is no availability during premonsoon threat found in its (March-May) and abundant in survivality. Breed in the brackish water bodies in the sea water and frequently rivers throughout the district. found in the estuarine They are frequently captured areas of the river. from the wild, recently thy are culture in the brackish and in fresh water also. Used as very 3. Pomadasys argenteus (Forsskål, 1775) good table fishes with high market price. Location of Collection: Haldi River, Midnapore Family 3. AMBASSIDAE (= CHANDIDAE) (Glass fishes)

Page | 129

58 Elongate 2 3 LC Very abundant and Maximum Size 2.5 inch, Glassy aperantly there is no availability throughout the year, perchlet. threat found in its sessile, Highest availability Chanda survivality. during premonsoon (March- May) and abundant throughout the district. Found in stagnant 4. Chanda nama Hamilton water body. Population in decreasing trend over the years. Location of Collection: Egra, Kudi, It is frequently used as an Contai, Panskura, aquarium fished due to its ornamental look. 59 Indian 3 3 LC Very abundant and Maximum Size 2.5 inch, glassfish, aperantly there is no availability throughout the year, Chanda threat found in its sessile, Highest availability survivality. More during premonsoon (March- common in the highly May) and abundant throughout weed infested water the district. Found in stagnant bodies. water body. Population in decreasing trend over the years. It is frequently used as an aquarium fished due to its ornamental look.

5. Pseudambassis ranga (Hamilton)

Page | 130

Location of Collection: Egra, Kudi, Contai, Panskura, Kachaki, 2 2 LC Very abundant and Maximum Size 3 inch, 60 Kath aperantly there is no availability throughout the year, chanda threat found in its sessile, Highest availability survivality. during premonsoon (March- May) and abundant throughout the district. Found in stagnant water body. Population in 6. Ambasis commersoni (Lacepède, 1802) decreasing trend over the years. It is frequently used as an Location of Collection: Shilaboti & aquarium fished due to its kongsaboti river, Midnapore ornamental look. Family 4. NANDIDAE (Asian leaf fishes, Mud perches)

61 Nadus, 1 3 LC Population is drastically Maximum size 4.2 inch, very Nadosh, declined over the year, very rare in occurrence, found Noina availability is very scant hardly in middle of the summer maach, and only found during (pre and post monsoon), and its the post summer - availability reduces rapidly and premonsoon seasons. its population decreasing more 1. Overexploitation than 50% over 05 years. It is 2. Killing of Brood frequently used as an aquarium 7. Nandus nandus (Hamilton, 1822) fishes fished due to its ornamental look. Location of Collection: Panskura, 3. Indescriminate Ghatal, Kudi, Egra, hunting with fine net 4. Destruction of breeding ground Family 5. GOBIEDAE (Gobies) (Loaches)

Page | 131

62 Mudskipper 3 3 NE Very abundant and Maximum Size 5 inch, Highest aperantly there is no availability during premonsoon threat found in its (March-May) and abundant in survivality. Breed in the brackish water bodies in the brakishwater and rivers throughout the district. 1. Periophthalmus modestus Cantor, abundant in the They are frequently captured 1842 estuarine region of the from the wild. It has no food river including muflad value. Location of Collection: Haldi River, of its both sides. Keleghai riveer 63 China 1 3 LC Population is drastically Max. sice riched upto 9 inches, maach, declined over the year, freshwater dwellers, found in the Chama availability is very scant stagnant water system basically mach and only found during ponds, khal, dishes, bills. the post summer - Abundant more in the post premonsoon seasons. monsoon season, population is 1. Overexploitation nearly static over the years. It is 2. Killing of Brood basically known as airbreathers. fishes Its has good market value due to 3. Indescriminate its good tests. hunting with fine net 4. Destruction of breeding ground 5. Intraspecific competition 2.Pseudapocryptes elongatus (Cuvier, specifically with 1816) Hybreed one

Page | 132

Location of Collection: Panskura, Shilaboti river, Brakish water and fresh water canal of Purba Medinipur, 64 Apocryptes 1 3 NE Population is drastically Max. sice riched upto 5 inches, bato = declined over the year, freshwater to slightly Odontambly availability is very scant brakishwater dwellers, found in opus and only found during the stagnant to slow running 3.Odontamblyopus rubicundus (Hamilton, rubicundus the post summer - water system basically ponds, 1822) (Hamilton, premonsoon seasons. khal, cannals, dishes, bills.

1822) 6. Overexploitation Abundant more in the post Location of Collection: Panskura, 7. Killing of Brood monsoon season, population is fishes nearly static over the years. It is 8. Indescriminate basically known as airbreathers. hunting with fine net Its has good market value due to 9. Destruction of its good tests. breeding ground 65 (Bearded 1 3 NE 1. Overexploitation Maximum Size 19 inch, Worm Goby) 2. Killing of Brood availability very occasional, fishes brackish water dwellers, found in 3. Indescriminate the river system basically hunting with fine net estuarine areas of Haldi River, 4. Destruction of abundant more in the breeding ground premonsoon season, population Population is found is eventually reducing over the static over the year, years. availability are normal as earlier.

4.Taenioides cirratus (Blyth, 1860)

Page | 133

Location of Collection: Haldi River, Midnapore 66 Bar-eyed 3 3 LC Very abundant and Maximum Size 4.5 inch, goby, Beley aperantly there is no availability throughout the year, threat found in its sessile, Highest availability survivality. during premonsoon (March- 1. Indescriminate May) and abundant throughout 5. Glossogobius giuris (Hamilton, 1822) hunting with fine net the district. Found basically wed

2. Destruction of infested water body. Population Location of Collection: Egra, Kudi, breeding ground in decreasing trend over the Contai, Panskura, Ghatal, Dashpur, years. Midnapore

67 Spotted 1 3 NE Population is drastically Very very rare in occurrence, green declined over the year, found in one time middle of the availability is very scant summer (9th May, 2014), and it goby and only found during has been reported by the local the post summer - knowledgeable person that its premonsoon seasons. availability reduces more than 1. Indescriminate 50% over 05 years. 7. Acentrogobius viridipunctatus hunting with fine net (Valenciennes, 1837) 2. Destruction of Location of Collection: Panskura, breeding ground Ghatal, Dashpur

Page | 134

68 1 2 LC Population is drastically Very very rare in occurrence, declined over the year, found in one time middle of the availability is very scant summer (9th May, 2014), and it and only found during has been reported by the local the post summer - knowledgeable person that its 8.Stigmatogobius sadanundio (Hamilton, premonsoon seasons. availability reduces more than 1822) 1. Overexploitation 50% over 05 years. It is 2. Indescriminate frequently used as an aquarium hunting with fine net fished due to its ornamental look. Location of Collection: Tamluk, 3. Destruction of Mahisadal, breeding ground.

69 Bumblebee 2 2 LC Very small and usually Minute and very small (8- goby Choto associated within the 10MM) very common and beley roots of aquatic weed. abundant throughout the district. Its population is Found in weed infested water declining over the years body. Population in decreasing 9. Brachygobius xanthomelas Herre, may be due to : trend over the years. 1. Difficult to 1937 survivality due to lac Location of Collection: Egra, Kudi, of suitable habitat. Contai, Panskura, 2. Indescriminate hunting with fine net

Family. 6 PLATYCEPHALIDAE (Flatheads) 70 1 2 LC Population is drastically Maximum Size 18 inch, Highest declined over the year, availability during premonsoon availability only found (March-May) and abundant in during the post summer brackish water bodies in the - premonsoon seasons. rivers throughout the district. 1.Platycephalus indicus (Linnaeus, 1758) 1. Overexploitation They are frequently captured

Page | 135

2. Killing of Brood from the wild, recently thy are Location of Collection: Haldi River, fishes culture in the brackish water.

Midnapore 3. Indescriminate Used as table fishes with hunting with fine net moderate market price. Destruction of breeding ground Family 7. SILLAGINIDAE (Smelt-whitings) 71 1 2 LC Very abundant and Maximum Size 9 inch, Highest aperantly there is no availability during premonsoon threat found in its (March-May) and abundant in survivality. Breed in the brackish water bodies in the sea water and frequently rivers throughout the district. found in the estuarine They are frequently captured 1. Sillago sihama (Forsskal, 1775) areas of the river. from the wild, recently thy are 1. Indescriminate culture in the brackish and in hunting with fine net fresh water also. Used as very Location of Collection: Sabang, 2. Destruction of good table fishes with high Keleghai, Shilaboti, Rupnarauyan breeding ground market price. Family 8. ANABANTIDAE (Climbing perch) 72 Climbing 2 3 DD Very abundant and Max. sice riched upto 6 inches, perch, Koi aperantly there is no freshwater dwellers, found in the threat found in its stagnant water system basically survivality. ponds, khal, dishes, bills and 1. Indescriminate even in rice field, abundant more hunting with fine net in the post monsoon season, 2. Destruction of population is nearly static over 1. Anabas testudineus (Bloch) breeding ground the years. It is basically known as airbreathers. Due to its good tests Location of Collection: Egra, Kudi, its market value is high then Contai, Panskura, other.

Page | 136

Family 9. OSPHRONEMIDAE (Gouramies) 73 Kholse 3 3 LC Population is declining Maximum Size 3.2 inch, over the year, local availability throughout the year, people reporting that sessile, Highest availability their availability during premonsoon (March- gradually decresing and May) and abundant throughout only found during the the district. Found in weed post summer - infested water body. Population premonsoon seasons. in decreasing trend over the 1. Overexploitation years. It is frequently used as an 1. Trichogaster lalius (Hamilton, 2. Killing of Brood aquarium fished due to its 1822) Khalisha fishes ornamental look. 3. Indescriminate Location of Collection: Egra, Kudi, hunting with fine net Contai, Panskura, Ghatal, Dashpur, 4. Destruction of Midnapore breeding ground

74 Banded 1 3 LC Population is drastically Maximum Size 3.2 inch, gourami, declined over the year, availability throughout the year, Lal kholse availability is very scant sessile, Highest availability and only found during during premonsoon (March- Kholsa the post summer - May) and abundant throughout premonsoon seasons. the district. Found in weed 1. Overexploitation infested water body. Population 2. Killing of Brood in decreasing trend over the 2. Trichogaster fasciatus (Bloch & fishes years. It is frequently used as an Schneider, 1801), Kholsa 3. Indescriminate aquarium fished due to its hunting with fine net ornamental look. 4. Destruction of breeding ground

Page | 137

75 Kalo khalse, 1 3 LC Very small and usually Maximum Size 0.4 inch, Dhobachi associated with the availability throughout the year, aquatic weed. Its sessile, Highest availability population is declining during premonsoon (March- over the years may be May) and abundant throughout due to : the district. Found in weed 3. Difficult to infested water body. Population survivality due to lac in decreasing trend over the 3. Badis badis (Hamilton, 1822) of suitable habitat. years. It is frequently used as an Location of Collection: Egra, Kudi, 4. Indescriminate aquarium fished due to its Contai, Panskura, Ghatal, Dashpur, hunting with fine net ornamental look. Midnapore Family 10. CICHLIDAE 76 Telapiya 3 3 NT Very abundant and Maximum Size 11 inch, aperantly there is no availability throughout the year, threat found in its Easily culturable. It has good survivality. market value due to used as table fishes.

1. Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852 (Female & male)

Page | 138

Location of Collection: Panskura, Ramnagar, Midnapore 77 3 3 NE Very abundant and Maximum Size 11 inch, aperantly there is no availability throughout the year, threat found in its Easily culturable. It has good survivality. market value due to used as table No threat al all, they are fishes. natural breeder in the captive or stagnant water

2. Oreochromis nilotics (Linnaeus, 1758)

Location of Collection: Kharagpur, Paniparul, Panskura, Tamluk, Midnapore 78 Pitul, 1 2 NE Population is drastically Maximum Size 4.5 inch, kashimara, declined over the year, availability occasional, it is Nona Bhuti availability is very scant popular as a marine aquarium and only found during fished due to its ornamental look. the post summer - Very rare in occurrence, brackish premonsoon seasons. water dwellers, found in the river 1. Overexploitation system basically estuarine areas 2. Killing of Brood of Haldi River, abundant more in fishes the post monsoon season, 3. Etroplus suratensis (Bloch, 1790) 3. Indescriminate population is eventually reduces hunting with fine net over the years. It is popular as a

Page | 139

Location of Collection: Rupnarayan marine aquarium fished due to its river, Keleghai, Geokhali ornamental look. Family 11 : DATNIOIDIDAE (Freshwater tripletails) 79 Dhakni 1 2 LC Occasionally found in, Maximum Size 9 inch, chand, brackish water of the availability throughout the year, silver river system basically It has good market value due to estuarine areas of Haldi used as table fishes tigerfish River, abundant more in It is popular as a marine the post monsoon aquarium fished due to its season, population is ornamental look. eventually reduces over the years. Aperantly there is no threat found 1. Datnioides polota (Hamilton, 1822) in its survivality. Location of Collection: Haldi River, Midnapore Family 12 : TERAPONTIDAE (Grunters or tigerperches) 80 2 3 LC Occasionally found in, Maximum Size 8 inch, brackish water of the availability throughout the year, river system basically It has good market value due to estuarine areas of Haldi used as table fishes River, abundant more in It is popular as a marine the post monsoon aquarium fished due to its season, population is ornamental look. eventually reduces over 1. Terapon puta Cuvier, 1829 the years. Aperantly

there is no threat found Location of Collection: Haldi River, in its survivality. Midnapore

Page | 140

81 2 3 LC Occasionally found in, Maximum Size 8 inch, brackish water of the availability throughout the year, river system basically It has good market value due to estuarine areas of Haldi used as table fishes River, abundant more in It is popular as a marine the post monsoon aquarium fished due to its season, population is ornamental look. 2. Terapon jarbua (Frosskal, 1775) eventually reduces over

the years. Aperantly Location of Collection: Haldi River, there is no threat found Midnapore in its survivality. Family 13 : GERREIDAE (Mojarras) 82 1 3 LC Very abundant and Maximum Size 7.2 inch, aperantly there is no availability throughout the year, threat found in its sessile, Highest availability survivality. Breed in the during premonsoon (March- sea water and frequently May) and abundant throughout found in the estuarine the district. areas of the river. 1. Overexploitation 2. Killing of Brood 1. Leiognathus longirostris (Lacepede, fishes 1801) 3. Indescriminate hunting with fine net Location of Collection: Haldi River, 4. Destruction of Midnapore breeding ground

Page | 141

83 2 2 LC Very abundant and Maximum Size 8.5 inch, aperantly there is no availability throughout the year, threat found in its It has good market value due to survivality. Breed in the used as table fishes sea water and frequently It is popular as a marine found in the estuarine aquarium fished due to its areas of the river. ornamental look. 5. Overexploitation 6. Killing of Brood 2. Pristipoma commersoni fishes 7. Indescriminate Location of Collection: Haldi River, hunting with fine net Midnapore

Family 14: HAEMULIDAE (Grunts) Saddle 2 3 LC Population is gradually Maximum Size 6 inch, 84. grunt declined over the year, availability throughout the year. availability is very scant Very occasional in occurrence, and only found during brackish water dwellers, found in the post summer - the river system basically premonsoon seasons. estuarine areas of Haldi River, 1. Overexploitation abundant more in the post 2. Killing of Brood monsoon season, population is 1. Pomadasys maculatus (Bloch, 1793) fishes eventually reducing over the 3. Indescriminate years. It is popular as a marine Location of Collection: Haldi River, hunting with fine net aquarium fished due to its Midnapore ornamental look.

Page | 142

85. Saddle 2 3 LC Population is gradually Maximum Size 8 inch, grunt declined over the year, availability throughout the year. availability is very scant Very occasional in occurrence, and only found during brackish water dwellers, found in the post summer - the river system basically premonsoon seasons. estuarine areas of Haldi River, 2. Pomadasys argenteus (Frosskal, 1775). 1. Overexploitation abundant more in the post 2. Killing of Brood monsoon season, population is fishes eventually reducing over the 3. Indescriminate years. It is popular as a marine hunting with fine net aquarium fished due to its ornamental look. Family 15: SCIAENIDAE (Drums or croakers) 86. Shilamurd 2 3 LC Population is gradually Maximum Size 4.5 inch, i declined over the year, availability throughout the year. availability is very scant Very occasional in occurrence, and only found during brackish water dwellers, found in the post summer - the river system basically premonsoon seasons. estuarine areas of Haldi River, 4. Overexploitation abundant more in the post 5. Killing of Brood monsoon season, population is

1. Johnius belangerii (Cuvier, 1830) fishes eventually reducing over the 6. Indescriminate years. hunting with fine net Location of Collection: Haldi River, Midnapore

Family 16: LEIOGNATHIDAE (Slimys, slipmouths, or ponyfishes)

Page | 143

87 Kath 2 3 NE Very abundant and Maximum Size 3.5 inch, chanda aperantly there is no availability throughout the year, threat found in its It has moderate market value due survivality. Breed in the to used as table fishes sea water and frequently found in the estuarine areas of the river.

1. Secotor ruconius (Hamilton, 1822)

Location of Collection: Haldi River, Midnapore

88. Nona 2 3 NE Very abundant in Maximum Size 3.5 inch, chanda occurrence, brackish availability throughout the year,It water dwellers, found in has good market value due to the river system used as table fishes basically estuarine areas It is popular as a marine of Haldi River, aquarium fished due to its abundant more in the ornamental look. post monsoon season, population is eventually reduces over the years. Aperantly there is no 2. Leognathus equulus (Forsskal, 1775) threat found in its survivality Location of Collection: Haldi River, Midnapore

Page | 144

89. Nona 2 3 LC Very abundant in Maximum Size 4.5 inch, Chanda occurrence, brackish availability throughout the year,It water dwellers, found in has good market value due to the river system used as table fishes basically estuarine areas It is popular as a marine of Haldi River, aquarium fished due to its abundant more in the ornamental look. post monsoon season, population is eventually reduces over the years. 3. Leognathus splendens (Cuvier, 1829) Aperantly there is no threat found in its Location of Collection: Haldi River, survivality Midnapore Family 17 : MENIDAE (Moonfish) 90 Chand 2 3 LC Very abundant in Maximum Size 3.2 inch, Khoira occurrence, brackish availability throughout the year, water dwellers, found in It has good market value due to the river system used as table fishes basically estuarine areas It is popular as a marine of Haldi River, aquarium fished due to its abundant more in the ornamental look. post monsoon season, population is eventually reduces over the years. 1. Mene maculate (Bloch & Schneider, Aperantly there is no 1801) threat found in its survivality Location of Collection: Haldi River, Midnapore

Page | 145

Family 18: POLYNEMIDAE (Threadfins) 91. Topse 3 3 LC Very abundant in Maximum Size 4.5 inch, occurrence, brackish availability throughout the year,It water dwellers, found in has good market value due to the river system used as table fishes basically estuarine areas It is popular as a marine 1. Polynemus melanochir of Haldi River, aquarium fished due to its Valenciennes, 1831 abundant more in the ornamental look. post monsoon season, population is eventually Location of Collection: Haldi River, reduces over the years. Midnapore Aperantly there is no threat found in its survivality 92 Gurh chauli, 2 2 NE Population is gradually Maximum Size 9.5 inch, Lakkha, declined over the year, availability throughout the year, Guchia, availability is very scant it is popular as a marine aquarium and only found during fished due to its ornamental look.

2. Eleutheronema tetradactylym (Shaw, the post summer - Very occasional in occurrence, 1804) premonsoon seasons. brackish water dwellers, found in 7. Overexploitation the river system basically 8. Killing of Brood estuarine areas of Haldi River, Location of Collection: Haldi River, fishes abundant more in the post Midnapore 9. Indescriminate monsoon season, population is hunting with fine net eventually reduces over the years. It is popular as a marine aquarium fished due to its ornamental look.

Family 19: SIGANIDAE (Rabbitfishes)

Page | 146

93. Bhut 1 2 LC Very rare in occurrence, Maximum Size 12.5 inch, maach, brackish water dwellers, availability throughout the year, Bhutia found in the river it is popular as a marine aquarium bhetki system basically fished due to its ornamental look. estuarine areas of Haldi Occasionally captured from the River, abundant more in the Haldi river mouth. It is also the post monsoon used as a table fish. Its market season, population is value is moderate. 1. Siganus canaliculatus (Park, 1797) eventually reducing over the years.

Aperantly there is no Location of Collection: Haldi River, threat found in its Midnapore survivality. 5. Overexploitation 6. Killing of Brood fishes 7. Indescriminate hunting with fine net

Family 20: CARANGIDAE (Jacks and pompanos) 94 Chili 2 2 LC Population is gradually Maximum Size 9.5 inch, champa, declined over the year, availability throughout the year, availability is very scant it is popular as a marine aquarium and only found during fished due to its ornamental look. the post summer - Occasionally captured from the premonsoon seasons. the Haldi river mouth. It is also

1. Caranx melampygus Cuvier, 1833 2. Overexploitation used as a table fish. Its market 3. Killing of Brood value is moderate. fishes Location of Collection: Haldi River, 4. Indescriminate Midnapore hunting with fine net

Page | 147

95 Chili 2 2 LC Population is gradually Very rare in occurrence, brackish champa, declined over the year, water dwellers, found in the river availability is very scant system basically estuarine areas and only found during of Haldi River, abundant more in the post summer - the post monsoon season, premonsoon seasons. population is eventually reduces 5. Overexploitation over the years. It is popular as a 2. Alepes melanoptera (Swainson, 6. Killing of Brood marine aquarium fished due to its 1839) fishes ornamental look. 7. Indescriminate Location of Collection: Haldi River, hunting with fine net Midnapore 96 Mackerel, 2 2 LC Very abundant and Maximum Size 11.5 inch, Scad aperantly there is no availability throughout the year, threat found in its it is popular as a marine aquarium survivality. fished due to its ornamental look.

3. Megalaspis sp.

Location of Collection: Haldi River, Midnapore

Page | 148

97 Mackerel, 2 2 LC Very abundant and Maximum Size 12 inch, Scad aperantly there is no availability throughout the year, threat found in its it is popular as a marine aquarium survivality. fished due to its ornamental look.

4. Megalaspis cordyla (Linnaeus, 1758)

Location of Collection: Haldi River, Midnapore 98 Choto Chili 2 2 NE Population is static over Maximum Size 9.5 inch, champa, the year, availability is availability throughout the year, Choto declining and only it is popular as a marine aquarium Dagol, found during the post fished due to its ornamental look. Chabia summer - premonsoon Very occasional in occurrence, seasons. brackish water dwellers, found in

5. Scomberoides tol (Cuvier, 1832) the river system basically estuarine areas of Haldi River, abundant more in the post Location of Collection: Haldi River, monsoon season, population is Midnapore eventually reduces over the years. It is popular as a marine aquarium fished due to its ornamental look.

Page | 149

99 Bara Chili 2 2 NE Population is static over Maximum Size 9.5 inch, champa, the year, availability is availability throughout the year, Bara Dagol, declining and only it is popular as a marine aquarium Chabia found during the post fished due to its ornamental look. summer - premonsoon Very occasional in occurrence, 6. Scomberoides lysan (Forsskål, 1775) seasons. brackish water dwellers, found in the river system basically Location of Collection: Haldi River, estuarine areas of Haldi River, Midnapore abundant more in the post monsoon season, population is eventually reduces over the years. It is popular as a marine aquarium fished due to its ornamental look. Family 21: NEMIPTERIDAE (Threadfin breams, Whiptail breams) 100 Japani lal 3 3 LC Very abundant and Maximum Size 5 inch, gurka aperantly there is no availability throughout the year, threat found in its brackish water dwellers, found in survivality. the river system basically estuarine areas of Haldi River,

1. Nemipterus japonicus (Bloch, 1791) abundant more in the post monsoon season,. It is popular as a marine aquarium fished due to Location of Collection: Haldi River, its ornamental look. Midnapore

Page | 150

101 Lal gurka 3 3 LC Common in occurrence Maximum Size 5 inch, and aperantly there is no availability throughout the year, threat found in its brackish water dwellers, found in survivality. Population the river system basically fluctuation maintain estuarine areas of Haldi River, static over the years abundant more in the post 2. Nemipterus bipunctatus monsoon season,. It is popular as (Valenciennes, 1830) a marine aquarium fished due to its ornamental look. Location of Collection: Haldi River, Midnapore Family 22: LUTJANIDAE (Snappers) 102 Lal gurka 2 3 LC Rare in occurrence and Maximum Size 8 inch, aperantly there is no availability throughout the year threat found in its Rare in occurrence, brackish survivality. Reason of water dwellers, found in the river declination is unknown system basically estuarine areas but may be due to of Haldi River, abundant more in 1. Overexploitation the post monsoon season, 2. Killing of Brood population is eventually reducing 1. Lutjanus sillao fishes over the years. It is popular as a 3. Indescriminate marine aquarium fished due to its Location of Collection: Haldi River, hunting with fine net ornamental look. Midnapore

Page | 151

103 Gurka 2 3 LC Rare in occurrence and Maximum Size 8 inch, aperantly there is no availability occasional in the threat found in its year. Brackish water dwellers, survivality. Reason of found in the river system declination is unknown basically estuarine areas of Haldi but may be due to River, abundant more in the post 1. Overexploitation monsoon season, population is 2. Killing of Brood eventually reducing over the 2. Lutjanus johnii (Bloch, 1792) fishes years. It is popular as a marine 3. Indescriminate aquarium fished due to its Location of Collection: Haldi River, hunting with fine net ornamental look. Midnapore Family 23. SCOMBRIDAS (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos) 104 Makarle 2 3 LC Rare in occurrence and Maximum Size 18 inch, aperantly there is no availability occasional in the threat found in its year. Brackish water dwellers, survivality. Reason of found in the river mouth basically declination is unknown estuarine areas of Haldi River, but may be due to abundant more in the post

1. Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvierr, 1. Overexploitation monsoon season, population is 1816) 2. Killing of Brood eventually reducing over the fishes years. 3. Indescriminate hunting with machanized boat

Family 24. SCATOPHAGIDAE (Scats)

Page | 152

105 Bhajatarui 2 3 LC Common in occurrence Common in occurrence, brackish and aperantly there is no water dwellers, found in the river threat found in its system basically estuarine areas survivality. Reason of of Rivers but it can survive easily declination is unknown in the freshwater also, abundant but may be due to more in the monsoon season, 1. Overexploitation population is reduces over the 2. Killing of Brood years. It is popular as a marine fishes aquarium fished due to its 1. 3. Indescriminate ornamental look. hunting with fine net 1. Scatophagus argus (Linnaeus, 1766) Location of Collection: Haldi River, Midnapore Order – V: CHANNIFORMES (OPHIOCEPHALOFORMES) Family 1. CHANNIDAE (Murrels) 106 Gachua 1 3 LC Very rare in occurance. Maximum sixe up to 6 inch. Very snakehead, Breed in the fresh water rare in occurrence, freshwater Gachua and frequently found in dwellers, found in the stagnant the any freshwater water system basically ponds, system of the district. It khal, dishes, bills and even in rice declining population field in monsoon, abundant more 1. Channa gachua (Hamilton, 1822) due to: in the post monsoon season,

1. Overexploitation population is drastically reducing Location of Collection: Egra, Kudi, 2. Killing of Brood over the years. It is reported by Contai, Panskura, Ghatal, Dashpur, fishes the local knowlageble persons Midnapore 3. Indescriminate that its population is reducing hunting with fine net more than 50% over the lase 5

Page | 153

4. No proper breeding years. It is basically known as ground airbreathers. 5. Intraspecific competition specifically with Hybreed one 107 Giant snake 1 2 LC Rare in occurance. Very rare in occurrence, head Breed in the fresh water freshwater dwellers, found in the murrel, and frequently found in stagnant water system basically Gajal/Sal the any freshwater weed infested ponds, khals, 2. Channa marulius (Hamilton, 1822) system of the district. It dishes, bills in monsoon, declining population abundant more in the post Location of Collection: Egra, Kudi, due to: monsoon season, population is Contai, Panskura, Ghatal, Dashpur, 1. Overexploitation drastically reducing over the Midnapore 2. Killing of Brood years. It is reported by the local fishes knowlageble persons that its 3. Indescriminate population is reducing more than hunting with fine net 50% over the lase 5 years. It is 4. No proper breeding basically known as airbreathers. ground 108 Green snake 3 3 LC Very abundant and Maximum Size 9 inch, head, aperantly there is no availability throughout the year, Lata/Taki threat found in its It is one of the most common air survivality. Breed in the breathing fishes. Highest 3. Channa punctata (Bloch, 1793) fresh water and availability during premonsoon frequently found in the (March-May) and abundant any freshwater system throughout the Year within the Location of Collection: Egra, Kudi, of the district. district. Found in weed infested Contai, Panskura, Ghatal, Dashpur, 1. Overexploitation water body. Population is Midnapore 2. Killing of Brood decreasing trend over the years. fishes It has a moderate market value.

Page | 154

3. Indescriminate hunting with fine net 4. No proper breeding ground 109 Striped 3 3 LC Very abundant and Maximum Size 20 inch, snake head, aperantly there is no availability throughout the year, Shol threat found in its It is one of the most common air survivality. Breed in the breathing fishes. Highest fresh water and availability during premonsoon 4. Channa striatus (Bloch, 1793) frequently found in the (March-May) and abundant any freshwater system throughout the Year within the of the district. district. Found in weed infested Location of Collection: Egra, Kudi, decreasing trend over water body. Population is It has a Contai, Panskura, Ghatal, Dashpur, the years. high market value. Midnapore 1. Overexploitation 2. Killing of Brood fishes 3. Indescriminate hunting with fine net 4. No proper breeding ground Order VI: OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES Family 1. NOTOPTERIDAE (Feather backs)

110 Humped 1 3 NT Population is drastically Maximum Size 32 inch, Highest feather- declined over the year, availability during premonsoon back, Chital availability is very scant (March-May). Found in weed and only found during infested water body. Occasionaly the post summer - it is captured from the reverine

1. Chitala chitala (Hamilton, 1822) premonsoon seasons. system specially Shilaboti, 1. Overexploitation

Page | 155

Location of Collection: Egra, Kudi, 2. Killing of Brood kangsaboti, Subarnarekha, It has Contai, Panskura, Ghatal, Dashpur, fishes a high market value.

Midnapore 3. Indescriminate hunting with fine net 4. Destruction of breeding ground 111 Feather 3 2 LC Very abundant and Maximum Size 12 inch, Highest back, aperantly there is no availability during premonsoon Phalui threat found in its (March-May). Found in slight survivality. Breed in the weed infested water body. sea water and frequently Occasionaly it is also abundant in found in the estuarine the reverine system specially areas of the river. Shilaboti, kangsaboti, 2. Notopterus notopterus (Pallas, 1769) Subarnarekha, It has a high

market value. Location of Collection: Egra, Kudi, Contai, Panskura, Ghatal, Dashpur, Midnapore

Order VII: ANGUILLIFORMES Family 1. ANGUILLIDAE (Freshwater Eels)

Page | 156

112 Indian 1 2 NT Population is drastically Maximum Size 18 inch, Highest mottled eel, declined over the year, availability during premonsoon Eel availability is very scant (March-May). Found in slight and only found during weed infested water body. It has the post summer - a high market value and feed by premonsoon seasons. the tribal and local people in 1. Overexploitation selective manner. 2. Killing of Brood fishes 1. Anguilla bengalensis bengalensis 3. Indescriminate (Gray, 1831) hunting with various Location of Collection: Panskura, fishing gears used Ghatal, Dashpur, Midnapore specially for muddwellers 4. Destruction of breeding ground

Order VIII: CLUPEIFORMES Family 1. CLUPEIDAE (Herrings, Sardines, Shads) 113 Ghia morol 3 3 LC Very abundant and Very common in occurrence, aperantly there is no brackish water dwellers, found in threat found in its the river system basically survivality. Breed in the estuarine areas of Haldi River but sea water and frequently it can survive easily in the found in the estuarine freshwater also, abundant more areas of the river. in the monsoon season, population is more or less similar 1. Escualosa thoracata (Valenciennes, 1847) over the years. Location of Collection: Haldi River, Midnapore

Page | 157

114 Herrings 3 3 LC Very abundant and Very common in occurrence, aperantly there is no brackish water dwellers, found in threat found in its the river system basically survivality. estuarine areas of Haldi River but 1. Overexploitation it can extent to survive in the

2. Opisthonema libertate (Günther, 2. Killing of Brood freshwater, abundant more in the 1867) fishes monsoon season, population is 3. Indescriminate more or less similar over the hunting with fine net years. Location of Collection: Haldi River, 4. No proper breeding Midnapore ground 5. Intraspecific competition specifically with Hybreed one

115 Ilish, ilsha, 2 3 LC Population is drastically Maximum Size 18 inch, Highest declined over the year, availability during premonsoon availability is very scant (March-May). It has a highest and only found during market value therefore the post summer - overexplotation is frequently 3. Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton, 1822) premonsoon seasons. done. Due to its anadromous 1. Overexploitation fishes therefore for the breeding Location of Collection: Haldi River, 2. Killing of Brood they are migrated from the Deep Midnapore fishes see to the freshwater but due to 3. Indescriminate indiscriminate hunting its hunting with fine net population declining drastically. 4. No easy breeding Though thereis a order not to ground hund juveniles i.e below the size of 500 gm but it is not strictly maintain.

Page | 158

Chyapilla, 2 2 LC Availability is quite Maximum Size 9 inch, Marine 116 Makundi, common over the year, water inhabitant but commonly gangetic availability more in the found and captured from the gizzard monsoon seasons. brakishwater system i.e. from the Shad 1. Overexploitation river mouth of Haldi. Highest 2. Killing of Brood availability during premonsoon 4. Gonialosa manmina (Hamilton, 1822) fishes (March-May). It has a high 3. Indescriminate market value therefore Location of Collection: Haldi River, hunting with fine net overexplotation is frequently Midnapore done. 117 Khoira 2 3 LC Availability is quite Maximum Size 7 inch, Marine common over the year, water inhabitant but commonly availability more in the found and captured from the post summer - brakishwater system i.e. from the premonsoon seasons. river mouth of Haldi. Highest 4. Overexploitation availability during premonsoon 5. Killing of Brood (March-May). It has a high 5. Anodontostoma chacunda (Hamilton, fishes market value therefore 1822) 6. Indescriminate overexplotation is frequently hunting with fine net done. Location of Collection: Haldi River, Midnapore

118 2 3 LC Availability is quite Maximum Size 7 inch, Marine common over the year, water inhabitant but commonly availability more in the found and captured from the post summer - brakishwater system i.e. from the premonsoon seasons. river mouth of Haldi. Highest 7. Overexploitation availability during premonsoon (March-May). It has a high 6. Nematalosa come (Richardson, 1846)

Page | 159

Location of Collection: Haldi River, 8. Killing of Brood market value therefore Midnapore fishes overexplotation is frequently 9. Indescriminate done. hunting with fine net

Family 2. ENGRAULIDAE (Anchovies) 119 Anchovy 1 2 LC Very abundant and Very common in occurrence, aperantly there is no brackish water dwellers, found in threat found in its the river system basically survivality. Breed in the estuarine areas of Haldi River but sea water and frequently it can survive easily in the found in the estuarine freshwater also, abundant more areas of the river. in the monsoon season, 1. Stolephorus commersonnii Lacepède, 1803 1. Overexploitation population is more or less similar 2. Killing of Brood over the years. fishes Location of Collection: Haldi River, 3. Indescriminate Midnapore hunting with fine net 4. No proper breeding ground 5. Intraspecific competition specifically with Hybreed one

120 Rangairuli, 2 3 NE Availability is quite Maximum Size 7 inch, Marine Ruli maach common over the year, water inhabitant but commonly availability more in the found and captured from the post summer - brakishwater system i.e. from the premonsoon seasons. river mouth of Haldi. Highest availability during premonsoon

Page | 160

2. Coilia borneensis Bleeker, 1852 10. (March-May). It has a high O verexploitation market value therefore

Location of Collection: Haldi River, 11. overexplotation is frequently K Midnapore illing of Brood fishes done. 12. I ndescriminate hunting with fine net

Family 3. PRISTIGASTERIDAE (Pristigasterids) 121 Fasha 3 3 LC Very abundant and Very common in occurrence, aperantly there is no brackish water dwellers, found in threat found in its the river system basically survivality. estuarine areas of Haldi River but 1. Overexploitation it can extent to survive in the

1. Opisthopterus tardoore (Cuvier, 2. Killing of Brood freshwater, abundant more in the fishes monsoon season, population is 1829)

3. Indescriminate more or less similar over the hunting with fine net years. Location of Collection: Haldi River, 4. No proper breeding Midnapore ground 5. Intraspecific competition specifically with Hybreed one

122 Raconda, 3 3 LC Very abundant and Very common in occurrence, fasa aperantly there is no brackish water dwellers, found in threat found in its the river system basically survivality. estuarine areas of Haldi River but 6. Overexploitation it can extent to survive in the freshwater, abundant more in the

Page | 161

2. Raconda russelliana Gray, 1831 7. Killing of Brood monsoon season, population is Location of Collection: Haldi River, fishes more or less similar over the

Geonkhali, Purba Midnapore, 8. Indescriminate years. hunting with fine net 9. No proper breeding ground 10. I ntraspecific competition specifically with Hybreed one

ORDER XII: MUGILIFORMES Family 1. MUGILIDAE 123 Gold spot 3 3 NE Very abundant, Common in occurrence, marine mullet, aperantly there is no water dwellers, found in brackish Parse threat found in its water system basically estuarine survivality. Population areas of Rivers but it can survive decliningover the years. easily in the freshwater also, Now they are cultured in abundant more in the monsoon 1. Liza parsia (Hamilton, 1822) the apparently fresh season, population is more or less water pond of puba similar over the years. It has good

Medinipur district. market value therefore exploited Location of Collection: Haldi River, 1. Overexploitation drastically. Midnapore 2. Killing of Brood fishes 3. Indescriminate hunting with fine net 4. Destruction of breeding ground

Page | 162

124 (Tade grey 2 3 DD Very abundant and Common in occurrence, marine mullet, aperantly there is no water dwellers, found in Bhagaon threat found in its brackish water of the river system survivality. basically estuarine areas of 1. Overexploitation Rivers but it can survive easily in 2. Killing of Brood the freshwater also, abundant 2. Liza tade (Forsskal, 1775) fishes more in the monsoon season,

3. Indescriminate population is more or less similar Location of Collection: Haldi River, hunting with fine net over the years. It has good market Midnapore 4. No proper breeding value therefore exploited ground drastically. 5. Intraspecific competition specifically with Hybreed one

125 Corsula 1 2 LC Very abundant, Common in occurrence, marine mullet, aperantly there is no water dwellers, found in brackish Corsula/ threat found in its water system basically estuarine Kanua survivality. Population areas of Rivers but it can survive decliningover the years. easily in the freshwater also, Now they are cultured in abundant more in the monsoon 3. Rhinomugil corsula (Hamilton, 1822) the apparently fresh season, population is more or less

water pond of puba similar over the years. It has good Location of Collection: Bheries and Medinipur district. market value therefore exploited brakish water of Purba Medinipur and 5. Overexploitation drastically. Haldi River, Midnapore 6. Killing of Brood fishes 7. Indescriminate hunting with fine net

Page | 163

8. Destruction of breeding ground

126 Common 1 2 LC Very abundant, Common in occurrence, marine mullets aperantly there is no water dwellers, found in brackish Parshay threat found in its water system basically estuarine survivality. Population areas of Rivers but it can survive decliningover the years. easily in the freshwater also, Now they are cultured in abundant more in the monsoon 4 Mugil cephalus Linnaeus the apparently fresh season, population is more or less water pond of puba similar over the years. It has good Medinipur district. market value therefore exploited Location of Collection: Haldi River, 1. Overexploitation drastically. Midnapore 2. Killing of Brood fishes 3. Indescriminate hunting with fine net 4. Destruction of breeding ground

Order XIII: BELONIFORMES Family 1. BELONIDAE 127 Freshwater 1 3 LC Population is drastically Very rare in occurrence, garfish, declined over the year, freshwater dwellers, found both gungtarha availability is very scant in the lentic and lotic water, 1. Xenentodon cancila (Hamilton) and only found during abundant more in the post the post summer - monsoon season, population is Location of Collection: Ghatal, and premonsoon seasons. rapidly reduces over the years. It Shilaboti river, Midnapore 5. Overexploitation is popular as a marine aquarium 6. Killing of Brood fished due to its ornamental look. fishes

Page | 164

7. Indescriminate hunting with fine net 8. Destruction of breeding ground 9. Intraspecific competition specifically with Hybreed one

128 3 3 LC Very abundant and Common in occurrence, marine aperantly there is no water dwellers, found in brackish threat found in its water system basically estuarine 2. Hyporhamphus limbatus survivality. areas of Rivers, abundant more in 1. Overexploitation the monsoon season, population 2. Killing of Brood is more or less similar over the Location of Collection: Haldi River, fishes years. It has good market value Midnapore 3. Indescriminate therefore exploited more. hunting with fine net 4. No proper breeding ground 5. Intraspecific competition specifically with Hybreed one

129 Keel-jawed 1 3 LC Very abundant and Rare in occurrence, brackish needle fish, aperantly there is no water dwellers, found Nona threat found in its occasionally in the river system gangtara survivality. Breed in the basically estuarine areas of Haldi sea water and frequently River and in Rupnarayan River, 3. Strongylura leiura (Bleeker, 1850) abundant more in the post

Page | 165

found in the estuarine monsoon season, population is areas of the river. reduces over the years. It is Location of Collection: Haldi River, popular as a marine aquarium Midnapore fished due to its ornamental look.

Order XIV: SYNBRANCHIFORMES Family 1. SYNBRANCHIDAE 130 Common 1 2 NE Very abundant and Rare in occurrence, brackish spaghetti aperantly there is no water dwellers, found eel threat found in its occasionally in the river system survivality. Breed in the basically estuarine areas of Haldi sea water and frequently River and in Rupnarayan River 1. Moringua microchir found in the estuarine and their distributaries, abundant areas of the river. more in the post monsoon season, population is reduces over the Location of Collection: Haldi River, years. It is popular as a marine Midnapore aquarium fished due to its ornamental look. 131 Purple 1 2 NE Very abundant and Rare in occurrence, brackish spaghetti aperantly there is no water dwellers, found eel, nona threat found in its occasionally in the river system bam survivality. Breed in the basically estuarine areas of Haldi sea water and frequently River and in Rupnarayan River found in the estuarine and their distributaries, abundant 2. Moringua raitaborua areas of the river. more in the post monsoon season, population is reduces over the Location of Collection: Haldi River, years. It is popular as a marine Midnapore aquarium fished due to its ornamental look.

Page | 166

132 Feshwater 1 3 LC Population is drastically Rare in occurrence, freshwater eel, declined over the year, dwellers, found in the stagnant Cuchia, availability is very scant waterbody, abundant more in the Kuche and only found during premonsoon season, population maach, jal the post summer - is reducing over the years. It is kuche, premonsoon seasons. popular as a marine aquarium 1. Destruction of fished due to its ornamental look. breeding ground It has special importance as 3. Monopterus cuchia (Hamilton) ethnozoological values due to its high himoglobin content and Location of Collection: Egra, Kudi, used for good protein values for Contai, Panskura, Ghatal, Dashpur, patient with easy digestion. Midnapore Commonly consumed by the tribal people.

Family 2. MASTACEMBELIDAE 133 Panckal, 3 3 LC Very abundant and One stripe aperantly there is no spiny eel, threat found in its Baim survivality.

1. Macrognathus aral (Bloch and Schneider)

Location of Collection: Egra, Kudi, Contai, Panskura, Ghatal, Dashpur, Midnapore

Page | 167

134 Pankal, 2 3 LC Population is drastically Rare in occurrence, freshwater Barred declined over the year, dwellers, found in the stagnant spiny eel, availability is very scant waterbody, abundant more in the Pakal/mach and only found during premonsoon season, population 2. Macrognathus pancalus (Hamilton) the post summer - is reducing over the years. It is premonsoon seasons. popular as a marine aquarium Location of Collection: Egra, Kudi, 1. Overexploitation fished due to its ornamental look. Contai, Panskura, Ghatal, Dashpur, 2. Killing of Brood It has special importance as Midnapore fishes ethnozoological values due to its 3. Indescriminate high himoglobin content and hunting with fine net used for good protein values for 4. Destruction of patient with easy digestion. breeding ground 5. Intraspecific competition specifically with Hybreed one

135 Spiny/Zig- 2 3 LC Very abundant and Rare in occurrence, freshwater zag eel, aperantly there is no dwellers, found in the stagnant Pakal/Baim threat found in its areas of running waterbody, mach survivality. Population abundant more in the 3. Mastacembelus armatus (Lacepede) is reducing over the premonsoon season. It has Location of Collection: Shilaboti River, years. special importance as Keleghai River, Paschim Midnapore 1. Overexploitation ethnozoological values due to its 2. Killing of Brood high himoglobin content and fishes used for good protein values for 3. Indescriminate patient with easy digestion. hunting with fine net 4. No proper breeding ground

Page | 168

5. Intraspecific competition specifically with Hybreed one

Order XII: SYGNATHIFORMES (Pipe fish) Family 1. SYNGNATHIDAE 136 River 1 3 CR (B1 Population is drastically Very very rare in occurrence, Pipefishe ab(i,ii,ii declined over the year, found in one time middle of the th i); availability is very scant summer (9 May, 2014), and it C2a(i)) and only found during has been reported by the local the post summer - knowledgeable person that its premonsoon seasons. availability reduces more than 1. Overexploitation 50% over 05 years. 2. Killing of Brood Found in Brackish water, Haldi fishes River and in Rupnarayan river of 3. Indescriminate Purba Medinipur district. 1. Syngnathus watermeyeri Smith hunting with fine net 4. Destruction of Location of Collection: Haldi River, breeding ground Midnapore 5. Intraspecific competition specifically with Hybreed one

Order XIII: PLEURONECTIFORMES Family 1. CYNOGLOSSIDAE (Tongue soles)

Page | 169

137 Three 1 2 NE Very abundant and Rare in occurrence, bottom spotted aperantly there is no dwallers in marine system, flounders, threat found in its occasionally found in brackish jeev maach survivality. Breed in the water system basically estuarine sea water and frequently areas of Rivers, available during found in the estuarine the monsoon season, population areas of the river. is more or less similar over the 1. Overexploitation years. It has very little market 2. Indescriminate value therefore not specifically 1. Pseudorhombus triocellatus (Bloch hunting with fine net exploited. If they are cought used & Schneider, 1801) for food.

Location of Collection: Haldi River, Midnapore

138 Jiv maach 2 2 NE Very abundant and Rare in occurrence, bottom aperantly there is no dwallers in marine system, threat found in its frequently found in brackish survivality. Breed in the water system basically estuarine sea water and frequently areas of Rivers, available during found in the estuarine the monsoon season, population 2. Cynoglossus punticeps (Richardson, areas of the river. is more or less similar over the 1846) 1. Overexploitation years. It has very little market 2. Indescriminate value therefore not specifically Location of Collection: Haldi River, hunting with fine net exploited. If they are cought used Midnapore for food.

Page | 170

139 Jiv maach 2 2 LC Very abundant and Abandant in occurrence, bottom aperantly there is no dwallers in marine system, threat found in its frequently found in brackish survivality. Breed in the water system basically estuarine sea water and frequently areas of Rivers, available during

3. Cynoglossus macrolepidotus found in the estuarine the monsoon season, population (Bleeker, 1851) areas of the river. is more or less similar over the 4. Overexploitation years. It has very little market 5. Indescriminate value therefore not specifically Location of Collection: Haldi River, hunting with fine net exploited. If they are cought used Midnapore for food.

140 Long 2 2 NE Very abundant and Abandant in occurrence, bottom tonguesole, aperantly there is no dwallers in marine system, Jiv maach threat found in its frequently found in brackish survivality. Breed in the water system basically estuarine 4. Cynoglossus lingua Hamilton, 1822 sea water and frequently areas of Rivers, available during found in the estuarine the monsoon season, population Location of Collection: Haldi River, areas of the river. is more or less similar over the Midnapore 6. Overexploitation years. It has very little market 7. Indescriminate value therefore not specifically hunting with fine net exploited. If they are cought used for food. Order: TETRAODONTIFORMES (Puffers and filefishes) Family: TETRAODONTIDAE (Puffers)

Page | 171

141 2 2 LC Very abundant and Common in occurrence, bottom aperantly there is no dwallers in marine system, threat found in its frequently found in brackish survivality. Breed in the water system basically estuarine sea water and frequently areas of Rivers, available during found in the estuarine the monsoon season, population areas of the river. is more or less similar over the 1. Chelonodon patoca (Hamilton, 1822) years. It has very little market value therefore not specifically Location of Collection: Haldi River, exploited. If they are cought used Midnapore for fish food. Key: Abandance category: 0=Absent , 1 = Rare, 2 = Common, 3= Abandant Threat Category: a. Overexploitation = OE, b. Killing of Brood fishes = KBF; c. Indescriminate hunting (with fine net) = IHFN; d. Indescriminate hunting (during Meen Collection) = IHMC; e. Unwise competition / Intra specific Competition (ISC); f. Deatruction of breeding ground –DBG; g. Poisioning through Insectisides (in the rice field) - PI

Page | 172

PROBABLE REASONS OF POPULATION FLUCTUATION

Time of abundance:

Highest abundant is found for most of the fresh water fishes is monsoon to post monsoon seasons. At that time most of the native species have their breeding season’s perhaves due to available foods and breeding ground. Most of the pond, khal, beels, and lowland areas are filled up with water in normal situations. Fishes are fond scope to spead over from the surroundings, breeds and spreaded whats ever possibilities found.

Reason of population depletion

1. Deatraction of the Breeding Ground & Habitat:

a) Total Runn off the water: Dried up all ponds in the summer seasonsis a common fenomeon in these two district. But now a day’s frequent total drain off water from parinnial ponds / water bodies using machanised water pumpming system or motorized water pumping system is increasing in alarming state. As a result no one of aquatic animals are escape for their survival and available as a brood for the next generation.

b) Mass Killing: Mass harvesting of fishes applying soft poisons basically Mohua Oil Cake totally killed all the inhabitants of the water body resulting the same fate as earlier. To stabilized as earlier community structure of these prticular water body require a massive flood to mixing up all the possibilities but this is not occurred as required.

c) Transformation of habitat structure: Lentic water bodies transformed into fisheries practices for more revenue earning resulting to shift of habitat structure causes loss of diversity of fishes.

2. Exploitation pressure :

1. Indiscreminate hunting: Fishing without selecting the nature and types of fish is a major cause of population declination of fishes. As for

Page | 173

example use of machine manufactured fine nets now used for fhishing in the perennial water bodies instead of “Bachari Jaal” for large fishes mainly for IMC and “Chunamari Jaal” for small weed fishes. Resulting all the types of fishes alongwith broods and the juveniles killed for earning high priced at a time.

2. Drought: Drought prone reagion and continuous / prolong drought incidence caused most of the natural water bodies is desiccated and all the inhabitants are killed, resulting mass killing and unavailable situations for vast areas is another cause of population depletion of fishes.

3. Depletion of Brood Fishes

Capture of Brood Fishes and juveniles: Capture of brood fishes and juveniles without any reasons causes serious affects on the availability of the seeds of next generations therefore declining the fish populations occurred drastically specifically from the freshwater habitat.

4. Construction of Dams and Barrages: Construction of Dams and Barrages on the river one of the important case of depletions of population due to inaccessible of breeding ground especially of migratory fishes. Change / block of Migration Route due to construction of Dam and Barrages is leads to change the migration routes resulting local unavailable circumstances.

5. Introductionof Exotic Fishes:

Invation of exitic or alien fish species caused serious survival threats to the native dwellers due to unhealthy completion for space and food. Most of the inveders are agresssive in nature for their coomon foods and brutal behavior with the competitors as for example Roopchand, Colosoma macropomum.

Page | 174

Reccommendatons:

1. Lagislative directives require with full implementation of totally banned of indiscriminate hunting through fine net/ masari jaal

2. Banned of fishing / fish landing during atleast one month during the reproductive / breeding season

3. Conservation of breeding grounds of fishes for specifics reasond if require any.

4. Initiatives should be taken at panchayet lavel to maintain the water lavel for some identified parinial undiaturbed water bodies as a feeder source for future availability.

5. Culture of any exotic or hybreed fishes must confined to restricted areas or localities. It should not be set free to culture in the open land with the native fishes.

6. Composite culture in combination with exotic fishes should be avoided mainly for the species those can breed potentially in nature.

7. During construction of any Dam / barrages there should be save passage for the migratory fishes or other aquatic animals.

8. Government initiatives needed for the conservation of threatened category fishes and those population declining adruptly over the years, to select and natural water body in each district where such species maintain with proper management following conservation guidelines.

9. Water bodies should be maintained and refraimed by local governens like panchayat / municipality. They should invest at least 15 dayes out of 100 days from Jawhar Rojkar Joyona (100 working days project)

Page | 175

Table - 2 List of ichthyofauna recorded in the stagnant and running water

Scientific Name Purba Medinipur Lentic Lotic Order I. SILURIFORMES Family 1. Bagridae 1. 1. Mystus bleekeri (Day) + + 2. 2. Mystus cavasius (Hamilton) + + 3. 3. Arius maculatus (Thunberg, 1792) - + 4. 4. Mystus keletius (Valenciennes, 1840) + + 5. 5. Mystus oculatus (Valenciennes, 1840) - + 6. 6. Mystus gulio (Hamilton) + + 7. 7. Mystus tengara (Hamilton) + + 8. 8. Mystus vittatus (Bloch) + - 9. 9. Mystus singhala + + 10. 10. Rita Buchanani - + 11. 11. Sperata aor (Hamilton) + + 12. 12. Netuma thalassina (Rüppell, 1837) - + Family 2. Siluridae 13. 1. Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch) + + 14. 2. Ompok pabda (Hamilton) + + 15. 3. Ompok pabo (Hamilton) + + 16. 4. Wallago attu (Schenider) + + Family 3. Schilbeidae 17. 1. Ailia coila (Hamilton) + + 18. 2. Clupisoma garua (Hamilton) + + 19. 3. Eutropiichthys vacha (Hamilton) + + 20. 4. Pseiideutropius atherinoides (Bloch) + + Family 4. Pangasiidae 21. 1. Pangasius pangasius (Hamilton) + + Family 5. Sisoridae 22. 1. Bagarius bagarius (Hamilton) - + Family 6. LORICARIIDAE 23. 1. Hypostomus plecostomus (Linnaeus, 1758) - + Family 6. CLARIIDAE 24. 1. Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus) + - Family 7. HETEROPNEUSTIDAE 25. 1. Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) + - Order II. CYPRINIFORMES Family 1. CYPRINIDAE 26. 1. Amblypharyngodon mola (Hamilton) + + 27. 2. Catla catla (Hamilton) + + 28. 3. Chela cachius (Hamilton) - + 29. 4. Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton) + + 30. 5. Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes) + + 31. 6. Cyprinus carpio carpio Linnaeus + +

Page | 176

32. 7. Danio rerio (Hamilton) + - 33. 8. Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes) + - 34. 9. Labeo bata (Hamilton) + + 35. 10. Labeo calbasu (Hamilton) + + 36. 11. Labeo rohita (Hamilton) + + 37. 12. Puntius chola (Hamilton) + - 38. 13. Puntius conchonius (Hamilton) + + 39. 14. Puntius sarana (Hamilton) + + 40. 15. Puntius sophore (Hamilton) + + 41. 16. Puntius ticto (Hamilton) + + 42. 17. Systomus sarana (Hamilton, 1822) + - 43. 18. Pethia narayani (Hora, 1937) + + 44. 19. Salmostoma phulo (Hamilton) - + 45. 20. Salmophasia bacaila (Hamilton, 1822) + + 46. 21. Salmophasia untrahi (Day, 1869) - + 47. 22. Salmophasia sp. - + 48. 23. Osteobrama cotio (Hamilton, 1822) + + 49. 24. Nuria danrica (Ver malabarica) (Hamilton) + + Family 2. POECILIIDAE 50. 1. Poecilia reticulata + + 51. 2. Gambusia affinis + + 52. 3. Aplocheilus panchax (Hamilton, 1822) + + 53. 4. Botia almorhae - + 54. 5. Lepidocephalus guntea + + Order III. CHARACIFORMES

Family 1. CHARACIDAE 55. 1. Colosoma bidens + - Order IV. PERCIFORMES Family1. CENTROPOMIDAE 56. 1. Lates calcarifer (Bloch) - + Family 2. HAEMULIDAE 57. 1. Pomadasys argenteus (Forsskål, 1775) + + Family 3: AMBASSAIDAE 58. 1. Chanda nama Hamilton + + 59. 2. Pseudambassis ranga (Hamilton) + + 60. 3. Ambasis commersoni (Lacepède, 1802) + + Family 4: NANDIDAE 61. 1. Nandus nandus (Hamilton) + - Family 5: GOBIDAE 62. 1. Periophthalmus modestus - + 63. 2. Pseudapocryptes elongatus (Cuvier, 1816) + + 64. 3. Odontamblyopus rubicundus (Hamilton, 1822) + + 65. 4. Taenioides cirratus (Blyth, 1860) - + 66. 5. Glossogobius giuris (Hamilton) + + 67. 6. Acanthogobius viridipunctatus (Valenciennes, + + 1837) 68. 7. Stigmatogobius sadanundio (Hamilton, 1822) + + 69. 8. Brachygobius xanthomelas Herre, 1937 + -

Page | 177

Family. 6 PLATYCEPHALIDAE (Flatheads) 70. 9. Platycephalus indicus (Linnaeus, 1758) + + Family 7. SILLAGINIDAE (Smelt-whitings) 71. 10. Sillago sihama (Forsskål, 1775) + + Family 8. Anabantidae 72. 1. Anabas testudineus (Bloch) + + Family 9. Osphronemidae 73. 1. Trichogaster lalius (Hamilton, 1822) + + 74. 2. Trichogaster fasciatus (Schneider), Kholsa + + 75. 3. Badis badis (Hamilton, 1822) + + Family 10. CICHLIDAE 76. 1. Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852) + - 77. 2. Oreochromis nilotics (Linnaeus, 1758) + + 78 3. Etroplus suratensis (Bloch, 1790) + + Family 11 : DATNIOIDIDAE (Freshwater tripletails) 79 1. Datnioides polota (Hamilton, 1822) + + Family 12 : TERAPONTIDAE (Grunters or tigerperches) 80 1. Terapon puta Cuvier, 1829 - + 81 2. Terapon jarbua (Forsskål, 1775) - + Family 13 : GERREIDAE (Mojarras) 82 1. Gerres longirostris (Lacepède, 1801) + + 83 2. Pristipoma commersoni - + Family 14: HAEMULIDAE (Grunts) 84 1. Pomadasys maculatus (Bloch, 1793) - + 85 2. Pomadasys argenteus (Forsskål, 1775) - + Family 15 : SCIAENIDAE (Drums or croakers) 86 1. Johnius belangerii (Cuvier, 1830) - + Family 16: LEIOGNATHIDAE (Slimys, slipmouths, or ponyfishes) 87 1. Secutor ruconius (Hamilton, 1822) - + 88 2. Leiognathus equulus (Forsskål, 1775) + + 89 3. Eubleekeria splendens (Cuvier, 1829) + + Family 17 : MENIDAE (Moonfish) 90 1. Mene maculata (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) + + Family 18: POLYNEMIDAE (Threadfins) 91 1. Polynemus melanochir Valenciennes, 1831 - + 92 2. Eleutheronema tetradactylym (Shaw, 1804) - + Family 19: SIGANIDAE (Rabbitfishes) 93 1. Siganus canaliculatus (Park, 1797) - + Family 20: CARANGIDAE (Jacks and pompanos) 94 1. Caranx melampygus - + 95 2. Alepes melanoptera (Swainson, 1839) - + 96 3. Megalaspis sp. - + 97 4. Megalaspis cordyla (Linnaeus, 1758) - + 98 5. Scomberoides tol (Cuvier, 1832) - + 99 6. Scomberoides lysan (Forsskål, 1775) - +

Page | 178

Family 21: NEMIPTERIDAE (Threadfin breams, Whiptail breams) 100 1. Nemipterus japonicus (Bloch, 1791) - + 101 2. Nemipterus bipunctatus (Valenciennes, 1830) - + Family 22: LUTJANIDAE (Snappers) 102 1. Lutjanus sillao - + 103 2. Lutjanus johnii (Bloch, 1792) - + Family 23. SCOMBRIDAE (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos)

104 1. Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1816) - + Family 24. SCATOPHAGIDAE (Scats) 105 1. Scatophagus argus + + Order V. OPHIOCEPHALIFORMES Family 1. CHANNIDAE 106 1. Channa gachua (Hamilton) + + 107 2. Channa marulius (Hamilton) + - 108 3. Channa punctata (Bloch) + + 109 4. Channa striatus (Bloch) + - Order VI. OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES 110 1. Chitala chitala (Hamilton) + + 111 2. Notopterus notopterus (Pallas) + + Order VII. ANGUILIFORMES Family 1. ANGUILIDAE 112 1. Anguilla bengalensis bengalensis (Gray) + - Order VIII. CLUPEIFORMES Family 1. CLUPEIDAE (Herrings, Sardines, Shads) 113 1. Escualosa thoracata (Valenciennes, 1847) + + 114 2. Opisthonema libertate (Günther, 1867) + + 115 3. Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton, 1822) - + 116 4. Gonialosa manmina (Hamilton, 1822) - + 117 5. Anodontostoma chacunda (Hamilton, 1822) - + 118 6. Nematalosa come (Richardson, 1846) - + Family 2. ENGRAULIDAE (Anchovies) 119 1. Stolephorus commersonnii Lacepède, 1803 + + 120 2. Coilia borneensis Bleeker, 1852 - + Family 3. PRISTIGASTERIDAE (Pristigasterids) 121 1. Opisthopterus tardoore (Cuvier, 1829) - + 122 2. Raconda russelliana Gray, 1831 - + Order IX. MUGILIFORMES Family 1. MUGILIDAE 123 1. Liza parsia (Hamilton, 1822) + + 124 2. Liza tade (Forsskal) - + 125 3. Rhinomugil corsula (Hamilton) - + 126 4 Mugil cephalus Linnaeus + + Order X. BELONIFORMES Family 1. BELONIDAE

Page | 179

127 1. Xenentodon cancila (Hamilton, 1822) + + 128 2. Hyporhamphus limbatus (Valenciennes, 1847) - + 129 3. Strongylura leiura (Bleeker, 1850) - + Order XI. SYNBRANCHIFORMES Family 1. SYNBRANCHIDAE 130 1. Moringua microchir (Bleeker, 1853) + + 131 2. Moringua raitaborua (Hamilton, 1822) + + 132 3. Monopterus cuchia (Hamilton, 1822) + - Family 2. MASTACEMBELIDAE 133 1. Macrognathus aral (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) + + 134 2. Macrognathus pancalus Hamilton) + + 135 3. Mastacembelus armatus (Lacepede, 1800) + + Order XII. SYGNATHIFORMES Family 1. SYGNATHIDAE 136 1. Syngnathus watermeyeri Smith + + Order XIII. PLEURONECTIFORMES Family 1. CYNOGLOSSIDAE 137 1. Pseudorhombus triocellatus (Bloch & Schneider, + + 1801) 138 2. Cynoglossus punticeps (Richardson) - + 139 3. Cynoglossus macrolepidotus + + 140 4. Cynoglossus lingua Hamilton - + Order: XIV. TETRAODONTIFORMES (Puffers and filefishes) Family: TETRAODONTIDAE (Puffers) 141 1. Chelonodon patoca (Hamilton, 1822) + + TOTAL 93 126 + = Present - = Absent

Page | 180

Fig. 6 Relative abandance of orders of fishes (Total)

Fig. 7 Relative abundance of Families of Siluriformes of Purba Medinipur

Page | 181

Poicilidae 17%

Cyprinidae

Cyprinidae Poicilidae 83%

Purba Medinipur

Fig. 9 Relative abundance of Families of Cypriniformes of Purba Medinipur

Centropomidae Families Scatophagidae 2% Centropomidae 2% Ambassaidae Scombridae Haemulidae Haemulidae 6% 2% 2% Ambassaidae Lutjanidae Nandidae 4% Nemipteridae Nandidae Gobidae 4% 2% Platycephalidae Sillaginidae Anabantidae Carangidae Osphronemidae 12% Cichlidae Gobidae Datnididae 16% Terapontidae Gerreidae Siganidae Haemulidae 2% Sciaenidae Leiognathidae Plolynemidae Menidae 4% Platycephalidae Plolynemidae 2% Menidae Siganidae 2% Sillaginidae Carangidae Leiognathidae 2% Nemipteridae 6% Osphronemidae Lutjanidae Sciaenidae 6% Scombridae 2% Scatophagidae Gerreidae Cichlidae Datnididae Anabantidae Haemulidae Terapontidae4% 6% 4% 4% 2% 2% Purba Medinipur

Fig. 10 Relative abundance of Families of Perciformes of Purba Medinipur

Page | 182

VII. REFENCES:

Allen, J.D. (1995). Stream Ecology: Structure and function of the running water. Chpman & Hall, New York Barman, R.P. (2007). Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Occasional Paper No. 263. Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata. Beavan Captain R. (1990). Handbook of the freshwater fishes of India, Delhi : vi-viii + 247. Day F. (1889) The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Vol. 1. Fishes, Taylor and Francis, London, pp. 1-548. Day, F. (1878). The fishes of India, being a natural history of the fishes known to inhabit the seas and freshwaters of India, Burma and Cylon. Text and atlas in 4 parts. London: XX + 778. Easa P.S., Shaji C.P. (1995) Freshwater fish diversity in Kerala part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. Research Report. Peechi, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Kerala, India. Hora S.L., Law N.C. (1941) The freshwater fishes of Travancore. Rec. Ind. Mus., 43: 233-256. Jayaram K.C. (1981) Fresh water fishes of India handbook. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, India. Jayaram K.C. (1999) The freshwater fishes of the Indian region. Narendra Publishing House, New Delhi, India, pp. 509. Jayaram, K.C. (1981). The Freshwater Fishes of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Burma and Sri Lanka - A Handbook. Zoological Survey of India. Jayaram, K.C. (1996). Manual for Field Identification - Common Freshwater fishes of Karnataka. World wild fund for Nature -India, Biodiversity Conservation Prioritization Project -India (BCPP). Jayaram, K.C. (1977). Aid to the identification of Siluroid fishes of India, Burma, SriLanka, Pakistan and Bangladesh. 1. Bagridae. Rec. zool. Surv. India. Occ. Paper No. 8 : 1-41. 1981. The freshwater fishes of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Burma and Sri Lanka. A "Hand book No. 2. Calcutta, Zool. Surv. India : iii-vii + 1 - 475 + i-xiii (Plates). Jhingran A.G. (1989) Role of exotic fishes in capture fishery waters of India. In: Conservation and management of inland capture fisheries resources of India (Jhingran AG, Sugunan VV ed.), Inland Fisheries Society of India, CIFRI, Barrackpore, India, pp.275. Jhingran.V.G., (1982). Fish and fisheries of India. Hindustan Publishing Corporation (India), Delhi, pp. 3-666. Kurup B.M., Ranjeet K. (2002) Invasion of exotic fish population in Periyar lake, Kerala: Ahotspot of fish biodiversity. In: Proc. Life History Traits of Freshwater Fish Population for its Utilization in Conservation, Lucknow; India, NBFGRNATP, AC-15, pp.1-4.

Page | 183

Menon, A. G. K. (1999). Check list-Freshwater fishes of india. Rec. Zool. Surv. India. Dec. Paper No. 175 : i-xxix, 1-366. Menon, A. G. K. (2004). Threatened Fishes of India and Their Conservation. Zoological Survey of India, Govt. of India.: 1-170. Mishra, S.S., P. Pradhan, S. Kar and S. K. Chakraborty (2003). Records of the Zoological Survey of India (Occasional Paper # 220), Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata. Molur, S and Walker, S. (eds.) (1998). Report of the workshop "Conservation Assessment and Management Plan for freshwater Fishes of India" Zoo Outreach Organization, Coimbatore Breeding Specialist Group, Coimbatore, India, 156 pp. Pillai R.S.N. (1929) A list of fishes taken in Travancore from 1901-1915. Journal of Bombay Natural Historical Society, XXX: 111-126. Sen, T. K. (1992). State fauna series 3 : Fauna of West Bengal, Part-2 Edited by the Director, Zool. Surv. India; 101-242. Sen, T.K. (1985). The fish fauna of Assam and the neighbouring North-Eastern states of India. J : zool. Surv. India, Occ. Paper No. 64 : 1-216. Shaji, C.P. Easa, P.S. and Basha, S.C. (1995). Freshwater Fish diversity in Aralam wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala, South India Jour-no/ of the Bombay Natural History Society, 92(3): 360-363. Shaw G. and E. O. Shebbeare, (1937). The fishes of Northern Bengal. J. Ray Asiat.Soc.Bengal, (Science) 111(1) : 1-137. Talwar, P. K. and Jhingran, A. G. (1991). Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries.. New Delhi, Bombay, Calcutta, Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. PVT. LTD. I & II : 1-1062.

Page | 184