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Silverycheeked Hornbill

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Silverycheeked Hornbill Bucerotidae: hornbills 693 Silverycheeked Hornbill 14˚ Kuifkopboskraai SILVERYCHEEKED HORNBILL Bycanistes brevis 1 5 The Silverycheeked Hornbill is the largest arboreal 18˚ hornbill in southern Africa, weighing nearly twice as much as the Trumpeter Hornbill B. bucinator. It is a canopy species in East African forests, both lowland and montane, from Ethiopia to Mozam- 22˚ bique (Kemp 1995). In the atlas region, it is mainly 6 found in the montane and submontane forests of 2 the Zimbabwe–Mozambique border region. Within this small range, it is quite common, and when fruit 26˚ is abundant, flocks of 20 or more may be encoun- tered. The Trumpeter Hornbill, on the other hand, seldom occurs in such large flocks in the area of range overlap. 3 7 The only similar species is its smaller relative, 30˚ the Trumpeter Hornbill. The name ‘Silverycheeked’ refers to the silvery-grey feathering of the bird’s face. The best field character, however, is the large 4 8 pale casque. Both casque and face of the Trum- 34˚ peter Hornbill are black. Females have smaller 18˚ 22˚ 26˚ casques and browner bills. In flight, both species 10˚ 14˚ 30˚ 34˚ show a white rump; in the Silverycheeked Hornbill the white also extends over most of the back. The call is lower-pitched than that of the Trumpeter Hornbill, and with- out the peculiar quality that recalls the crying of a human baby in the latter. Although omnivorous, its chief food is fruit. Flocks wander Recorded in 15 grid cells, 0.3% far and wide in search of fruiting trees, especially figs Ficus Total number of records: 274 spp., often in association with Trumpeter Hornbills; it has Mean reporting rate for range: 27.7% been recorded far out of its normal range, for example, at Great Zimbabwe, near Masvingo (2030B) (Irwin 1981). Habits, ecology and food are similar to those of the Trumpeter Hornbill. It has been recorded at Partridge Hill (1932BA) in all months, sometimes in quite large parties. It breeds at Wildwoods (1932BA) where Craibia trees provide nest holes. Reporting rates for vegetation types The few breeding records during the atlas period span % 0816 October–January; Irwin (1981) reported egglaying in Septem- ber, October and April. It breeds mostly during the earlier part E Zimbabwe Highlands 14.3 of the wet season (Kemp 1995). Nests are built in a hollow Miombo 2.4 tree, wherein the female seals herself during incubation and remains in the nest until the chick fledges (Kemp 1995). It has a restricted range in the atlas region, but is locally common. The population may, however, not number more than a few hundred birds and must be regarded as vulnerable (Irwin 40 1981). It has become scarce in the 2 1 5 Honde Valley (1832DB) because 1 20 of habitat destruction (Irwin 1981). The future of the Silverycheeked 40 Hornbill in the region is dependent 2 2 6 on careful conservation of the low- 1 20 land and mid-altitude forests in Zimbabwe. 40 2 3 7 R.M. Harwin 1 20 40 Occurrence reporting rate (%) 2 4 8 Breeding reporting rate (%) 1 20 J ASONDJ FMAMJ J ASONDJ FMAMJ Models of seasonality for Zones. Number of records (top to bottom, left to right): Occurrence: 0, 0, 0, 0, 273, 1, 0, 0; Breeding: 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0..
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