David Moynahan | St. Marks NWR At-Risk Species Assessment on Southern National Forests, Refuges, and Other Protected Areas National Wildlife Refuge Association Mark Sowers, Editor October 2017 1001 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 905, Washington, DC 20036 • 202-417-3803 • www.refugeassociation.org At-Risk Species Assessment on Southern National Forests, Refuges, and Other Protected Areas Table of Contents Introduction and Methods ................................................................................................3 Results and Discussion ......................................................................................................9 Suites of Species: Occurrences and Habitat Management ...........................................12 Progress and Next Steps .................................................................................................13 Appendix I: Suites of Species ..........................................................................................17 Florida Panhandle ............................................................................................................................18 Peninsular Florida .............................................................................................................................28 Southern Blue Ridge and Southern Ridge and Valley ...............................................................................................................................39 Interior Low Plateau and Cumberland Plateau, Central Ridge and Valley ...............................................................................................46 Piedmont and South Atlantic Coastal Plain ............................................................................53 Mississippi and North-Central Alabama ..................................................................................60 Lower Mississippi Valley-Interior Highlands (Ozarks, Ouachitas) ..........................................................................................................................66 Caribbean—Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands ...................................................................71 Appendix II: Species not reported on protected areas ................................................74 Appendix III: Species that have been withdrawn from petitions ...............................79 Addendix IV: Species that may be eligible for withdrawal from petitions .................81 Appendix V: Southeastern Partners in Plant Conservation, SePPCon 2016 ...............82 Photo by Alan Cressler | Lindera subcoriacea B.E. Wofford (Bog Spicebush). 2 At-Risk Species Assessment on Southern National Forests, Refuges, and Other Protected Areas Introduction and Methods Background and Objectives In 2011, the Southeast Region of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) began working with states, federal agencies, and other partners on an At-Risk Species Conser- vation Initiative to address nearly 500 animal and plant species that were petitioned for listing under the federal Endangered Species Act (ESA). In 2011, a legal settlement was reached under which the Service agreed to make listing determinations for the candidate species on the 2010 Candidate Notice of Review and to make 90-day findings for peti- tioned species by the end of fiscal year 2016. On September 1, 2016, the Service released a National Seven Year Work Plan that provided a schedule for making listing determi- nations on 363 species by the end of fiscal year 2023 (another 235 species remain to be scheduled). Approximately half of the remaining listing determinations concern species that occur in the Southeast Region. Many of the petitioned species are locally occurring aquatic species for which there was limited information available on range and popu- lation status. In 2013 and 2014, the National Wildlife Refuge Association (NWRA) worked in cooperation with the Service’s Southeast Region on a project that convened biologists and subject matter experts to assess the role that the 129 national wildlife refuges in the Southeast might play in the conservation of at-risk species, including identifying data gaps and inventory or survey needs, examining threats, and identifying Photo by Alan Cressler | Macbridea caroliniana (Walter) Blake (Carolina Birds-in-a-nest). management actions that could enhance habitat on and around refuges to benefit the petitioned species. vide habitat for large numbers of petitioned species, making them an obvious focus of The At-Risk Species Project Phase I consisted of a series of six workshops facilitated by the effort to evaluate petitioned species. Recognizing their important role in at-risk spe- NWRA that focused on national wildlife refuges, and brought together refuge and eco- cies conservation, the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) joined the existing partnership between logical services biologists from the Service, state agency biologists, academic experts, and NWRA and the Service through a cooperative agreement and became an additional non-governmental conservation organization (NGO) representatives. Phase I workshops funding partner for Phase II of the project. were determined to be a success in both the level of engagement and the results. Work- Phase II built on the methods established in Phase I, but looked beyond refuges to assess shop participants recommended developing a second phase that would engage other at-risk species occurrences on the land holdings of all federal and state agencies as well as public land agencies in a broader cooperative effort to evaluate species status, design other public and private conservation lands, with a particular focus on national forests. coordinated action steps to address habitat needs, and identify opportunities for joint The objectives of this phase were: agency and landowner efforts. 1. to quantify the role that protected areas are already playing in supporting at-risk spe- National forests cover large expanses of land in the Southeast and were assumed to pro- cies populations 3 At-Risk Species Assessment on Southern National Forests, Refuges, and Other Protected Areas Locally occurring is the term we employ for species whose ranges are restricted to a limited geopraphic area. An emphasis was placed on locally occurring species because the occurrence of significant populations of these species on protected areas would offer an important conservation opportunity. Also, their restricted ranges make these spe- cies especially susceptible to habitat loss and degradation. Each of the at-risk species identified as locally occurring was associated with one (or, in a few cases two or three) focal areas identified within the Southeast. Identifying locations with multiple locally occurring species allows conservation attention to more efficiently focus on species status and guide local conservation measures. These focal areas were defined by partners and Service staff at the outset of the project by identifying clusters of locally occurring species whose known ranges were overlapping or contiguous (Figure 1). Focal areas were named according their geographic area (e.g. West Florida Panhandle); a recognized ecoregion or dominant geographic feature (e.g. Southern Blue Ridge, Cumberland Plateau); or, particularly when dealing with primarily aquatic species, a river drainage basin. A full list of locally occurring species by focal area is available at https://www.fws.gov/southeast/ reading-room/?q=At-risk+species. Species of concern are species not currently petitioned for listing, but whose current population status and trends suggest they may be at risk in the near future. These spe- Photo by Jonathan Mays | Aramus guarauna (Limpkin) — adult feeding on apple snail. cies have been recommended by experts as needing surveys and assessment to identify preemptive actions that could prevent these species from being petitioned at a later date. 2. to highlight knowledge gaps regarding at-risk species status and habitat needs and A list of species of concern reported at workshops is available at https://www.fws.gov/ identify opportunities for beneficial management practices and monitoring efforts southeast/reading-room/?q=At-risk+species. 3. to foster cooperation among public agencies, as well as non-government organizations Though the primary focus of this project was the occurrence of at-risk species on public (NGOs) and private landowners on management and monitoring actions to benefit lands administered by federal or state agencies, occurrences on several NGO- or pri- at-risk species. vately-owned sites were also reported by SMEs and included in the dataset. For this reason, we generally use the term protected areas for the various land units discussed Definitions in this document. This aligns with terminology used by the U.S. Geological Survey in In establishing the list of southeastern at-risk species to be evaluated in this project, its Protected Area Database of the United States, which we used to verify the names and partners agreed to include species at any stage of the ESA petition process (petitioned, locations of reported land units. candidate for listing, or proposed for listing) in the Southeast Region at the time the project began. All species on the original list have been retained throughout Phase II, including those species for which listing determinations were made during the course of the project as well as those that were withdrawn from the petition. 4 At-Risk Species Assessment on Southern National Forests, Refuges, and Other