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Vegetation Surveys of the Osceola-Missaukee Grasslands State Game Area, Osceola and Missaukee Counties, Michigan

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Vegetation Surveys of the Osceola-Missaukee Grasslands State Game Area, Osceola and Missaukee Counties, Michigan VEGETATION SURVEYS OF THE OSCEOLA-MISSAUKEE GRASSLANDS STATE GAME AREA, OSCEOLA AND MISSAUKEE COUNTIES, MICHIGAN PREPARED BY: BRADFORD S. SLAUGHTER AND PHYLLIS J. HIGMAN MICHIGAN NATURAL FEATURES INVENTORY PO BOX 13036 LANSING, MI 48901-3036 FOR: MICHIGAN DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES, WILDLIFE DIVISION 8 OCTOBER 2014 REPORT NO. 2014-15 Funding for this project was provided by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Division. Suggested Citation: Slaughter, B.S., and P.J. Higman. 2014. Vegetation Surveys of the Osceola-Missaukee Grasslands State Game Area, Osceola and Missaukee Counties, Michigan. Michigan Natural Features Inventory, Report No. 2014-15, Lansing, MI. 60 pp. Copyright 2014 Michigan State University Board of Trustees. Michigan State University Extension programs and materials are open to all without regard to race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientations, marital status, or family status. Cover photograph: OMG Unit 1 old field, Osceola Co., MI, 20 June 2014. All photographs in report by B.S. Slaughter. TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 1 Overview of Area ................................................................................................................. 1 METHODS .............................................................................................................................. 2 SITE SUMMARIES ................................................................................................................... 4 Unit 1 ................................................................................................................................ 5 Floristic Quality Assessment ................................................................................. 12 Unit 2 .............................................................................................................................. 20 Floristic Quality Assessment ................................................................................. 23 Unit 3 .............................................................................................................................. 30 Floristic Quality Assessment ................................................................................. 32 Unit 4 .............................................................................................................................. 36 Floristic Quality Assessment ................................................................................. 39 MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................................. 44 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................ 45 REFERENCES .................................................................................................................... 46 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Size and density codes for invasive species occurrences. .................................................. 2 Table 2. Potential vascular plant vouchers, Osceola County ........................................................... 9 Table 3. Potentially suitable native plants for introduction .......................................................... 45 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Location map of Osceola-Missaukee State Game Area.. .................................................. 3 Figure 2. OMG Unit 1 habitat map ................................................................................................... 5 Figure 3. OMG Unit 1 old field habitat ............................................................................................. 7 Figure 4. OMG Unit 1 old field habitat. ............................................................................................ 7 Figure 5. Vasey’s rush (Juncus vaseyi) .............................................................................................. 9 Figure 6. OMG Unit 1 map of invasive species points .................................................................... 11 Figure 7. OMG Unit 2 habitat map. ................................................................................................ 20 Figure 8. OMG Unit 2 swamp forest habitat .................................................................................. 22 Figure 9. OMG Unit 3 habitat map ................................................................................................. 30 Figure 10. Eastern kingbird (Tyrannus tyrannus) ........................................................................... 31 Figure 11. OMG Unit 4 habitat map ............................................................................................... 36 Figure 12. Reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) .................................................................... 37 Figure 13. OMG Unit 4 bog habitat ................................................................................................ 38 APPENDIX Appendix. Master Floristic Quality Assessment ............................................................................ 47 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In 2013, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Division (WLD) contracted with Michigan Natural Features Inventory (MNFI) to conduct an inventory of the vegetation and plant communities at the Osceola-Missaukee Grasslands State Game Area (OMG). This project was envisioned as the first component of a long-term plan to implement and monitor habitat management activities at the OMG. In summer 2014, meander surveys of vegetation were conducted at all four units of the OMG, resulting in the documentation of approximately 310 vascular plant taxa, including one state-listed species, the state threatened Vasey’s rush (Juncus vaseyi). Major infestations of invasive plants, particularly reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) were mapped for Unit 1 in September 2014. Old field was the primary habitat type comprising the OMG, followed by aspen associations and a variety of disturbed wetlands. Management of this area for wildlife and species of conservation concern, especially grassland birds, should focus on maintaining and enhancing graminoid-dominated habitats through the use of prescribed fire and mowing regimes. The introduction of native graminoids and forbs should be considered in areas that are currently dominated by non-native species. INTRODUCTION In 2013, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Division (WLD) contracted with Michigan Natural Features Inventory (MNFI) to conduct an inventory of the vegetation and plant communities at the Osceola-Missaukee Grasslands State Game Area (OMG), a complex of primarily early successional habitats spread out over four parcels (units) totaling approximately 465 ha (1,151 acres) in Osceola and Missaukee Counties, Michigan. The project had five main objectives: (1) Characterization and mapping of primary plant communities (2) Vegetation inventory, including a Floristic Quality Assessment (FQA) for each parcel and an overall FQA (Reznicek et al. 2014) (3) Documentation and quantification of invasive plant species populations of concern (4) Surveys for rare plant species (5) Recommendations for habitat management This project was envisioned as the first component of a long-term plan to implement and monitor habitat management activities at the OMG intended to benefit a variety of game and non-game species. The OMG is notable for having supported the last Michigan population of greater prairie chicken (Tympanuchus cupido), and the area supports or recently supported at least three state-listed grassland bird species. Overview of Area The four units of the OMG are located in NE Osceola County (Units 1 and 2) and E Missaukee County (Units 3 and 4) (Figure 1). All four units occur in the Cadillac Sub-subsection as defined by Albert (1995) and the Cadillac Hummocky Moraines Level IV Ecoregion as defined by Omernik and Bryce (2010). Although this region is characterized by moderate to steeply sloped sandy end moraines and outwash plains and channels, the majority of the OMG occurs on more poorly drained glacial tills with abundant, Vegetation Surveys of the Osceola-Missaukee Grasslands State Game Area 1 though often small, wetland depressions. All four units were likely characterized by mesic forests (beech – sugar maple – hemlock forest and hemlock – white pine forest) and a variety of forested and non- forested wetlands (Comer et al. 1995). A significant blowdown was noted in a portion of Unit 1. Forest composition in this sub-subsection was significantly altered by logging and wetland drainage (Albert 1995). Today, the OMG is dominated by old field (ca. 64% of the land area) and aspen associations (Weber et al. 2006) (ca. 11% of the area). The remaining acreage is split among several open to forested wetland habitats (see individual unit descriptions). METHODS Meander surveys of the four units comprising the OMG were conducted in early and late summer 2014. Specifically, Unit 1 was surveyed on June 19, June 20, July 1, July 3, September 2, and September 3, 2014. Unit 2 was surveyed on July 3 and September 5, 2014. Unit 3 was surveyed June 17, 2014. Unit 4 was surveyed July 7, 2014. Meander surveys concentrated on characterizing common habitat types, compiling lists
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