Refrigeration Contractor Weekly

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

July 2019 What’s the Difference? Automatic Versus Thermal Expansion Valves. Have you ever wondered what the difference was between an automatic expansion valve and a thermal expansion valve? Automatic expansion valves were the first valves developed to eliminate the need of having a refrigeration engineer manually adjust a hand operated expansion valve. The valve is designed to maintain a constant pressure at the outlet of the valve. By keeping the pressure constant, it indirectly controls the temperature as well. There are however two disadvantages to this type of valve. First, as the load decreases, (causing a drop in the evaporator pressure) the valve will tend to open to maintain the outlet pressure. However, excess refrigerant is fed to the evaporator resulting in liquid slugging and potentially damaging the compressor. Second, as the load increases (causing an increase in evaporator pressure) the valve will tend to close to maintain the outlet pressure. The disadvantages have resulted in the automatic expansion valve being replaced by thermal expansion valves (TXV) in most applications. The TXV responds to the superheat at the outlet of the evaporator and the result is more responsive to the actual load resulting in a more efficient system. Is there ever an appropriate application for an automatic expansion valve today? There remains some application where automatic expansion valves offer an advantage. In applications where it is important to prevent the evaporator pressure (and temperature) from getting too low, the automatic expansion valve is the right choice. An example might be water coolers or drinking dispense equipment. If the evaporator of a water cooler were to drop below 32 °F, it would freeze and potentially rupture, much like the water pipe in the home. To prevent possible ruptures, automatic expansion valves are used in these types of applications. They are adjusted to maintain an operating pressure several psi above the freezing point, eliminating the need for secondary controls. Automatic Expansion Valve Thermal Expansion Valve For more information on expansion valves click control and here..

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Humidity Facts August 07
Relative Humidity & A Few Ways to Reduce It Tech to Tech August 07 “Make daily deposits to your box of knowledge, soon it will have many reference cards.”--Randal S. Ripley Does a hot air system remove the Now say the sponge just suddenly moisture from the air circulating through doubled in size. The size of the sponge, its it? ability to hold water and the relative If this question means that it reduces humidity have changed but the amount of the actual moisture content in the air as it water in the sponge is the same. passes over the heat exchanger, the answer When you doubled the size of the is “no”. sponge, you are also doubling the amount of When an air sample is heated, the water it can hold. Since you didn’t add amount of moisture in the air sample anymore water, the relative humidity is now remains the same. This is referred to as the only 50%. absolute humidity and is measured in When air is heat it expands and grains per pound of air or as grains per some increases its ability to hold moisture. This unit volume. It takes 7,000 grains of causes the relative humidity to drop. moisture to make 1 pound of water. The reason our skin, nose and eyes, When water vapor is heated, what furniture, etc, dry out under low humidity do we get? You guessed it, water vapor. conditions is because the human body or There is no change of water quantity; anything else that contains moisture will therefore the amount of water vapor in the release this moisture at a higher rate as the air sample entering the heat exchanger will relative humidity goes lower.
[Show full text]
Table of Contents
Table of Contents Thermal Expansion Valves 1-57 Solenoid Valves 58-84 Coils 85-87 Industrial Solenoid Valves 88-103 Shut Off Valves 104-105 System Protectors 106-144 Storage Devices 145-147 Oil Controls 148-155 Regulators 156-182 Temperature Pressure Controls 183-199 Page Thermal Expansion Valves 1 A-Series 2 AFA Series 5 HFK Series 7 HF Series 10 TRAE+ Valve 16 TRAE Valve 17 T-Series 19 TLE Valve 23 TI Valve 25 ZZ Valve 26 LCL Valve 28 ESVB Valve 30 EX2 Valve 32 ACP(E) Valve 34 Solenoid Valves 58 50RB 59 100RB 60 200RB 62 240RA 65 500RB 67 540RA 69 710/713RA 71 702RA 73 207CB* 74 3031RB/RC 76 RV Series* 78 703RC 80 Coils 85 Industrial Solenoid Valves 88 202C* 89 203C* 91 204C* 93 210C/211C* 95 214C* 97 222C* 99 314U* 101 Shut Off Valves ABV 104 RD 105 ACK* 134 System Protectors 106 EK 109 EKP 110 ADK 112 BFK 114 BOK-HH 116 ALF* 118 CU - Spun Copper Service Drier* 119 CU - Spun Copper Liquid Line Drier* 120 STAS 121 ADKS 122 *Also Included in the Extended Products Catalog EMERSON CLIMATE TECHNOLOGIES INDEX Page Blocks and Cores 125 BTAS* 126 ASD 128 SFD 129 CSFD 130 ASK-HH 131 ASF 132 APD 133 ACK* 134 HMI 135 AMI 136 A-IHL 138 A-IHN 138 Storage Devices A-AS* 145 AVR* 147 AOR* 148 Oil Controls W-OLC* 149 OMB* 150 A-W/A-F* 151 High Efficiency Oil Separator 152 AOFD* 153 ASF* 153 AOF* 154 AAU 155 Regulators 156 ESR 157 MTB 1 158 IPR 159 EPRB(S) 160 OPR 162 ACP(E) 163 EGR(E) 165 DGR(E) 167 CPH(E) 168 HP/HPC 170 Temperature Pressure Controls 183 TS1 184 PS1 188 PS2 190 FD113 192 PS3 193 FS 196 FF4 198 FF444 199 Troubleshooting Guide 200 Competitive
[Show full text]
Solar Assisted Heat Pump System for High Quality Drying Applications: a Critical Review
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by UMS Institutional Repository Solar Assisted Heat Pump System for High Quality Drying Applications: A Critical Review J. Assadeg1,2, Ali H. A. Alwaeli1, K. Sopian1‡, H. Moria3, A. S. A. Hamid1,4 and A. Fudholi1 1Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia 2Renewable Energy Engineering Department Collage of Energy and Mining Engineering, Sebha University, Libya 3Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Yanbu Industrial College, Yanbu Al-Sinaiyah 41912, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 4Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia ([email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]) ‡ Corresponding Author; K. Sopian, Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Tel: +03 89118572, Fax: + 03 89118574, [email protected] Received: 15.01.2020 Accepted:28.02.2020 Abstract- Solar assisted heat pump (SAHP) system integrates a solar thermal energy source with a heat pump. This technique is a very fundamental concept, especially for drying applications. By combining a solar thermal energy source such as solar thermal collectors and a heat pump dryer will assist in reducing the operation cost of drying and producing products with high quality. Many review papers in the literature evaluated the R&D aspects of solar-assisted heat pump dryers (SAHPD). This critical review paper studies some of the researches conducted in this field to understand and provides an update on recent developments in SAHPD.
[Show full text]
Second-Law Analysis to Improve the Energy Efficiency of Environmental Control Unit Ammar M
Purdue University Purdue e-Pubs International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning School of Mechanical Engineering Conference 2016 Second-Law Analysis to Improve the Energy Efficiency of Environmental Control Unit Ammar M. Bahman Ray W. Herrick Laboratories, Purdue University, United States of America, [email protected] Eckhard A. Groll Ray W. Herrick Laboratories, Purdue University, United States of America, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/iracc Bahman, Ammar M. and Groll, Eckhard A., "Second-Law Analysis to Improve the Energy Efficiency of Environmental Control Unit" (2016). International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference. Paper 1706. http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/iracc/1706 This document has been made available through Purdue e-Pubs, a service of the Purdue University Libraries. Please contact [email protected] for additional information. Complete proceedings may be acquired in print and on CD-ROM directly from the Ray W. Herrick Laboratories at https://engineering.purdue.edu/ Herrick/Events/orderlit.html 2328, Page 1 Second-Law Analysis to Improve the Energy Efficiency of Environmental Control Unit Ammar M. BAHMAN*1, Eckhard A. GROLL1 1 Purdue University, School of Mechanical Engineering, Ray W. Herrick Laboratories, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA [email protected], [email protected] * Corresponding Author ABSTRACT This paper presents a second-law of thermodynamics analysis to quantify the exergy destruction in each component of an Environmental Control Unit (ECU) for military applications. The analysis is also used to identify the potential con- tribution from each component to improve the overall energy efficiency of the system. Three ECUs were investigated experimentally at high ambient temperature conditions to demonstrate the feasibility of the model presented herein.
[Show full text]
Arkaya Solar Assisted Heat Pump
Ideology Provides Hot Water Day and Night in all weathers 365 days a year PERFORMANCE EFFICIENCY QUALITY WE WORK EVERYDAY ON WINNING SOLUTIONS FOR YOUR COMFORT AND WELL-BEING Introduction Solar Assisted Heat Pump or Thermodynamic Hot Water System is a unique Innovation, which joins the two failure technologies and converts a technology which will provide the hot water with the highest coefficient of performance from any other successful technology. The unique product consists of a Solar Box, & Solar thermal collector who gets the heat from he atmosphere and transfers it into hot water vented / unvented cylinder Product Components Solar box Solar thermal collector Principal of Thermodynamics The first law, also known as Law of Conservation of Energy, states that energy cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction. Latent heat is energy released or absorbed, by a body or a thermodynamic system, during a constant-temperature process that is specified in some way. An example is latent heat of fusion for a phase change, melting, at a specified temperature and pressure. Product Flow Principal Working Principal The Solar Assisted Heat Pump joins two incomplete technologies, the heat pump and the solar thermal collector. Heat pumps are quite efficient but the heat they produce from their renewable component varies only according to oscillations in the temperature of the environment. Solar thermal collectors are the best source of heat on hot and sunny days but they are totally inefficient whenever there is no sun. Working Principal The Solar Assisted Heat Pump technology, through an identical physical diagram to that of a regular solar thermal system with forced circulation and sharing some of the components of a heat pump, managed to surpass the limitations of the referred two incomplete technologies.
[Show full text]
Table of Contents
Table of Contents Thermal Expansion Valves 1-36 Extended Capacity Tables 37-58 Solenoid Valves 59-77 Solenoid Capacity Tables 78-83 Coils 84-86 Industrial Solenoid Valves 87-102 Shut Off Valves 103-104 System Protectors 105-136 Flow Capacity Tables 137-143 Storage Devices 144-145 Oil Controls 146-153 Pressure Regulators 154-168 Regulator Extended Capacity Tables 169-183 Temperature Pressure Controls 184-196 Competitive Cross Reference 197-274 2003FC-91 R1 (4/07) Emerson Climate Technologies Page Thermal Expansion Valves 1 A-Series 2 AFA Series 5 HF/HFK Series 7 TRAE+ Valve 16 TRAE Valve 17 T-Series 19 TLE Valve 23 TFE Valve 25 TI Valve 26 ZZ Valve 27 LCL Valve 29 ESVB Valve 31 EX2 Valve 33 ACP(E) Valve 35 Solenoid Valves 59 50RB 60 100RB 61 200RB 63 240RA 66 500RB 68 540RA 70 710/713RA 72 702RA 74 207CB 75 703RC 77 Coils 84 Industrial Solenoid Valves 87 202CB 88 203CA 90 204CD 92 210CA/211CA 94 214CB 96 222CB 98 314UB 100 Shut Off Valves ACK 103 ABV 104 System Protectors 105 EK 108 ADK 111 BFK 113 BOK-HH 115 ALF 117 CU - Spun Copper Liquid Line Filter-Drier 118 STAS 119 ADKS 121 INDEX Emerson Climate Technologies Page Cores and Filters 123 BTAS 124 ASD 126 SFD 127 CSFD 128 ASK-HH 129 ASF 130 APD 131 HMI 132 AMI 134 A-IHL 136 Storage Devices A-AS 144 Oil Controls AOR 146 W-OLC 147 OMB 148 A-W/A-F 149 High Efﬁ ciency Oil Separator 150 AOFD 151 AOF 152 Regulators 154 ESR 155 MTB 1 156 IPR 157 EPRB(S) 158 OPR 160 ACP(E) 161 EGR(E) 163 DGR(E) 164 CPH(E) 165 HP/HPC 167 Temperature Pressure Controls 184 TS1 185 PS1 188 PS2 190 FD113 191 PSC
[Show full text]
Program and Abstracts CONFERENCE COMMITTEE
ICC 19 San Diego, CA · June 20-23, 2016 P Program and Abstracts CONFERENCE COMMITTEE Conference Chairman Program Committee Dean Johnson Carl Kirkconnell, West Coast Solutions, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, USA USA - Chair Email: [email protected] Mark Zagarola, Creare, USA, - Deputy Chair Conference Co-Chairmen Tonny Benchop, Thales Cryogenics BV, Netherlands Jose Rodriguez Peter Bradley, NIST, USA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, USA Ted Conrad, Raytheon, USA Email: [email protected] Gershon Grossman, Technion, Israel Elaine Lim, Aerospace Corporation, USA Sidney Yuan Jennifer Marquardt, Ball Aerospace, Aerospace Corporation, USA USA Jeff Olson, Lockheed Martin, USA Email : [email protected] John Pfotenhauer, University of Wisconsin – Madison, USA Treasurer Alex Veprik, SCD, Israel Ray Radebaugh Sonny Yi, Aerospace Corporation, USA National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA ICC Board Email: [email protected] Dean Johnson, JPL, USA-Chairman Ray Radebaugh, NIST, USA – Treasurer Proceedings Co-editors Ron Ross, JPL, USA – Co-Editor Saul Miller Jeff Raab, Retired, USA – Past Chairman Retired Rich Dausman, Cryomech, Inc., USA - Email: icc [email protected] Past Chairman Paul Bailey, University of Oxford, UK Peter Bradley, NIST, USA Ron Ross Martin Crook, RAL, UK Jet Propulsion Laboratory, USA Lionel Duband, CEA, France Email: [email protected] Zhihua Gan, Zhejiang University, China Ali Kashani, Atlas Scientific, USA Takenori Numezawa, National Institute for Program Chair Material Science, Japan Carl Kirkconnell Jeff Olson, Lockheed Martin Space System West Coast Solutions, USA Co., USA Email: [email protected] Limin Qiu, Zhejiang University, China Thierry Trollier, Absolut System SAS, Deputy Program Chair France Mark Zagarola, Creare, USA Mark V.
[Show full text]
Thermostatic Expansion Valve
SANHUA RFKA SERIES STANDARD Thermostatic Expansion Valve RFKA series thermostatic expansion valves are used to adjust mass flow of refrigerant into the evaporator while controlling the refrigerant´s superheat at the outlet of the evaporator. They can be used for various refrigerants under all working conditions. Possible applications are refrigeration systems like freezers, ice makers, dehumidifiers as well as air conditioners and heat pumps at various evaporation temperature ranges. FEATURES • Thermal bulb uTIlIzEs CRoss CHARgE technology, PRovIDIng EquAl superheat DEgREE ovER THE wHolE EvAPoration temperatuRE rangE • Thermal bulb uTIlIzEs CRoss Injection technology, AnD THE wHolE vAPoRIzIng temperatuRE rangE sHARE THE sAME superheat DEgREE • ValvEs wITH MoP FunCTIon can bE PRovIDED To PREvEnT damagEs To CoMPREssoR MoToR causED by ExCEssIvE EvAPoration PREssuRE • Wide vAPoRIzIng temperatuRE rangE • StablE PERFormanCE oF superheat ADjustmenT GENERAL TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS PaRAMETERS • Applicable for all common HCFC and HFC • RFKA series angle shape valve refrigerants such as: R22, R134a, R404A, R407C, • Inlet 3/8” flare connection R410A, R507 • Capillary tube length 1,5m • Applicable medium temperature: -40°C~ +70°C or • Equalization port: -60°C~+70°C - RFKA flare/flare type with 1/4” flare connection • Applicable ambient temperature: -35°C~+55°C - RFKA flare/solder type with 6mm solde • Relative humidity: 0~100%RH - connection • Maximum working pressure: 3.5MPa • Certifications: PED SANHUA InTERnATIonAl EuRoPE Copyright © SANHUA 2012 Subject to change without notice to 2012 Subject © SANHUA Copyright CHILLING IDEAS WORLDWIDE sanhuaeurope.com SANHUA RFKA SERIES Thermostatic Expansion Valve TECHNICAL PaRAMETERS Connection type Temp. Range MOP Outlet size Refrigerant Model Part flare solder number In / Out / Ext.
[Show full text]
TXV Theory and Fundamentals
Geothermal Alliance of Illinois TXVs – Theory and Fundamentals John Haug – Senior Application Engineer Emerson Climate Technologies - Flow Controls Thermal Expansion Valve Topics Anatomy Operation Terms & Features Superheat Emerson Flow Controls Thermal Expansion Valve Anatomy Valve Power Sensing Packing Bulb Element Metering Diaphragm Pin External Valve Inlet Equalizer Valve Outlet Internal Check (Optional) Pin Carrier Superheat S.H. Adjusting Spring Stem (Optional) Emerson Flow Controls Thermal Expansion Valve Power Assembly ThermalThermal BallastBallast Stainless Steel P.E. Diaphragm Stainless Steel Buffer Plate Emerson Flow Controls Thermal Expansion Valve Metering Pin & Port Metering Pin Valve Inlet Valve Port Pin Carrier Valve Outlet Emerson Flow Controls Thermal Expansion Valve Topics Anatomy Operation Terms & Features Superheat Emerson Flow Controls Why Do You Need A … TXV “It regulates the flow of liquid refrigerant into the coil to match the heat load on the coil”. This is accomplished by controlling the superheat temperature of the refrigerant vapor leaving the coil. Emerson Flow Controls Purpose Of A TXV Controls Evaporator Superheat – Responds To Temperature And Pressure Only Does Not Control: – Space Temperature – Head Pressure – Capacity – Suction Pressure – Humidity Emerson Flow Controls Thermal Expansion Valve Valve Operation (Separates high side from low side) High Pressure Low Pressure Liquid Liquid and Vapor Emerson Flow Controls Thermal Expansion Valve Valve Operation 100100°F °F Low Pressure High Liquid Pressure
[Show full text]
Technical Report
TECHNICAL HVAC – CHANGING TIMES FOR AUTOMOTIVE AIR NEW ZEALAND REPORT CONDITIONING… HEATING- VENTILATION- PART II AIR-CONDITIONING – In Part I we took a brief look at the history of HVAC in the automotive industry, and the progression / development of refrigerants that are appropriate in the new era of global warming and climate change awareness. Part II is a focus on how A/C systems work, as well as lubrication requirements for both conventional power trains, and electric vehicle applications... For those of us that are perhaps less familiar with the internal workings of A/C operations, lets take a closer look at the main components in a modern front end, fully integrated A/C system – Coatings Experts at your door Automotive & Light Industrial 0800 108 008 | reseneauto.co.nz 62 PanelTalk TECHNICAL REPORT NEW ZEALAND There are five main parts that make up vehicle A/C systems :- 1. Compressor 2. Condenser 3. Thermal expansion valve or orifice tube 4. Evaporator 5. Accumulator or receiver/drier THE LATENT HEAT PRINCIPLE Think of the A/C system as being a “continuous loop”, whereby a pump pushes refrigerant continuously around the system, and while there is no start or finish point, for explanatory purposes, let’s start with the pump - Refrigerant gas is pumped, via the COMPRESSOR (1) under high pressure to the CONDENSER (2). This high pressure generates a substantial amount of heat which is cooled as it travels through the condenser – “condensing” the gas into a liquid. Essentially, the condensor is a type of radiator, in that air passing over the tubes & cooling fins, with the addition of a cooling fan and/or vehicle movement, drastically reduces temperature.
[Show full text]
Unit Features
UNIT FEATURES: ADVANTAGES OF USING A THERMAL EXPANSION VALVE All phase change refrigerant systems require an expansion device which controls the flow of refrigerant in the evaporator. Two principal types of control are used: Thermal Expansion Valves or Capillary Tubes. Thermal Expansion Valves balance and modulate the refrigerant flow to the heat load by sensing the temperature of the refrigerant leaving the evaporator. There are three major ad- vantages to this refrigerant control method. 1. Maximum efficiency over a wide temperature and load range 2. Improved refrigerant return to the compressor assures better cooling at high temperatures and reduces the possibility of liquid slugging which can destroy the compressor. 3. Variations in refrigerant charge, particularly in smaller units, are less critical Alternately, fixed expansion devices, such as Capillary Tubes, work at one preset level and have no ability to compensate for load changes. They are more commonly used in unchanging environmental temperatures with refrigerators and freezers. Since most refrigerators are in a temperature controlled space and have a limited temperature set point, they work just fine. Due to their simplicity, capillary tubes are very inexpensive. (However, this rarely translates into a cost saving for the purchaser of electrical enclosure air conditioning.) Variations of capacity over the ambient temperature range of 80°F to 131°F can cause a performance loss of 85% with a cap tube system. A well tuned expansion valve system will lose less than one half this amount, while maintaining better compressor temperature control. That's why Thermal Edge Inc. uses Thermal Expansion Valves. In your demanding environment, you need enclosure cooling that you can depend on, regardless of temperature changes through out the work day or seasonal year.
[Show full text]
Air Conditioning Theory
Air Conditioning Theory The Four Major Functions Of An A/C system To be effective, the dash air conditioner must control four (4) conditions within the vehicle interior: It must cool the air It must circulate the air It must purify the air It must dehumidify the air These functions are essential if passenger comfort is to be maintained when the ambient temperature and humidity are high. By performing these functions, the air conditioner maintains the body comfort of the driver and front passenger. ASHRAE has developed a comfort range that is the standard in HVAC commercial, residential and automotive industries. In the summer, the comfort range is between 73⁰F (22.5⁰C) dry bulb (db) temperature and 79.5% relative humidity (rh) up to 81⁰F (27⁰C) db and 19.8% rh. In winter, it is between 67.1⁰F (19.5⁰C) db and 86.5% rh to 76⁰F (24.5⁰C) db and 23% rh. Air Conditioning Theory A/C System Basic Operation Air from either the interior of the vehicle (Recirculation Air Inlet Mode) or from the exterior of the vehicle (Fresh Air Inlet Mode) is sucked into the HVAC unit by an air flow moving device called a blower assembly. The air flow passes through a heat absorbing coil called an evaporator located within the HVAC unit. The evaporator then transfers the heat from the air to a cool fluid medium called R134a refrigerant which is encapsulated within a plumbing network. The heated refrigerant is transferred by a pump or compressor into the engine compartment where it then rejects this heat to exterior air flow traveling through a heat rejection coil called a condenser.
[Show full text]