L'antechrist; Portrait-Robot
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Saddam Hussein
Saddam Hussein ﺻﺪام ﺣﺴﻴﻦ :Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti (/hʊˈseɪn/;[5] Arabic Marshal Ṣaddām Ḥusayn ʿAbd al-Maǧīd al-Tikrītī;[a] 28 April ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻴﺪ اﻟﺘﻜﺮﻳﺘﻲ 1937[b] – 30 December 2006) was President of Iraq from 16 July 1979 until 9 Saddam Hussein ﺻﺪام ﺣﺴﻴﻦ April 2003.[10] A leading member of the revolutionary Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, and later, the Baghdad-based Ba'ath Party and its regional organization the Iraqi Ba'ath Party—which espoused Ba'athism, a mix of Arab nationalism and socialism—Saddam played a key role in the 1968 coup (later referred to as the 17 July Revolution) that brought the party to power inIraq . As vice president under the ailing General Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr, and at a time when many groups were considered capable of overthrowing the government, Saddam created security forces through which he tightly controlled conflicts between the government and the armed forces. In the early 1970s, Saddam nationalized oil and foreign banks leaving the system eventually insolvent mostly due to the Iran–Iraq War, the Gulf War, and UN sanctions.[11] Through the 1970s, Saddam cemented his authority over the apparatus of government as oil money helped Iraq's economy to grow at a rapid pace. Positions of power in the country were mostly filled with Sunni Arabs, a minority that made up only a fifth of the population.[12] Official portrait of Saddam Hussein in Saddam formally rose to power in 1979, although he had already been the de 1979 facto head of Iraq for several years. -
Saddam Hussein (Saddam Husseinabdel Majid At-Tikriti)
Saddam Hussein (Saddam HusseinAbdel Majid at-Tikriti) Irak, Presidente de la República Duración del mandato: 16 de Julio de 1979 - de de Nacimiento: Al Ajwa, Tikrit, provincia de Salah ad-Din, 28 de Abril de 1937 Defunción: Camp Justice, Al Kadhimiyah, provincia de Bagdad, 30 de Diciembre de 2006</p> Partido político: Baaz Profesión : Funcionario de seguridad ResumenUna ejecución en la horca grabada en video y rodeada de truculencia puso término el penúltimo día de 2006 a los 69 años de vida del que fuera todopoderoso presidente de Irak desde 1979 hasta abril de 2003, cuando fue derrocado y obligado a esconderse por el Ejército de Estados Unidos, que invadió el país árabe sin el aval de la ONU y con el pretexto de unas inexistentes armas de destrucción masivas. Capturado en diciembre siguiente y condenado al patíbulo tres años después como reo de crímenes contra la humanidad, Saddam, un dictador implacable y megalómano que basó su régimen de terror en el partido Baaz y en una urdimbre de lealtades tribales, provocador de conflictos bélicos y paria internacional, fue juzgado con garantías dudosas a instancias de sus antiguos perseguidos y al fragor de la catastrófica posguerra irakí, en un país asolado por la violencia sectaria, el terrorismo, la insurgencia y las operaciones militares. http://www.cidob.org 1 of 42 Biografía 1. De conspirador violento a dirigente expeditivo 2. Factótum en la cúpula de partido Baaz 3. Asunción de todo el poder y campaña bélica contra Irán 4. Invasión de Kuwait y segunda guerra del Golfo 5. Rebeliones internas y el castigo de los vencedores 6. -
Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2003 Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor February 25, 2004
Iraq Page 1 of 12 Iraq Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2003 Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor February 25, 2004 On April 9, Coalition-led forces militarily overthrew the Ba'athist regime of Saddam Hussein in Operation Iraqi Freedom. [note 1] Under U.N. Security Council Resolutions 1483, 1500, and 1511, an Interim Administration, comprised of the Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) and the Iraqi Governing Council, administers the country until an internationally recognized, representative government is established and assumes responsibility. The regime's 1968 provisional Ba'athist Constitution claimed the country to be a democratic republic. However, political power rested exclusively in a harshly repressive one-party apparatus dominated by Saddam Hussein Al-Tikriti and members of his extended family. According to the Constitution, the Arab Ba'ath Socialist Party governed the country through the Revolutionary Command Council (RCC), which exercised both executive and legislative authority. President Saddam Hussein, who was also Prime Minister, Chairman of the RCC, and Secretary General of the Regional Command of the Ba'ath Party, therefore wielded absolute decisive power. Hussein and his regime claimed 99.96 percent of the votes cast in a nondemocratic "referendum" on his presidency held in October 2002 that did not include secret ballots; many credible reports indicated that voters feared possible reprisal for a dissenting vote. The judiciary was not independent, and the President had the ability to override any ruling or refer any case to a secret system of Special Courts outside the normal judiciary. Under the RCC and Ba'ath party structure, the Tikriti family maintained total effective control of the security forces and the military. -
Who Are the Insurgents? Sunni Arab Rebels in Iraq
UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE www.usip.org SPECIAL REPORT 1200 17th Street NW • Washington, DC 20036 • 202.457.1700 • fax 202.429.6063 ABOUT THE REPORT “Who Are the Insurgents?” offers insight into the breadth of Sunni Arab groups actively participating Who Are the Insurgents? in the insurrection in Iraq and specifically examines the three broad categories of insurgents: secular/ ideological, tribal, and Islamist. With the exception Sunni Arab Rebels in Iraq of the ultraradical Salafi and Wahhabi Islamists, this report finds, many rebels across these three classifications share common interests and do not sit so comfortably in any one grouping or category. This presents specific problems—and Summary opportunities—for U.S. and coalition forces that, • Building a profile of a typical anti-coalition Sunni Arab insurgent in Iraq is a daunting if handled correctly, could eventually lead to a rapprochement with some of the insurgents. task. Demographic information about the insurgents is fragmented, and the rebels themselves are marked more by their heterogeneity than by their homogeneity. Draw- The report’s author, Amatzia Baram, is a professor ing from a wide array of sources, however, we can try to piece together a view of their of Middle Eastern history at the University of Haifa, primary motivations for taking up arms against the U.S.-led occupation. Israel. He is a prolific writer and editor of several books and dozens of scholarly articles on Saddam • Sunni insurgents generally claim one of three primary identity-based impetuses Hussein and Iraqi politics and history. He testified for their anti-American and antigovernment violence: Ba’th Party membership or about Saddam Hussein and weapons of mass affiliation with Saddam’s regime, adherence to Islam, or tribal interests, values, and destruction in September 2002 before the House norms. -
A Provisional Needs Assessment for the Iraqi Media
A New Voice in the Middle East: A Provisional Needs Assessment for the Iraqi Media Baltic Media Centre Skippergade 8 DK-3740 Svaneke Denmark Phone: +45 7020 2002 Fax: +45 70202001 Email: [email protected] Web: www.bmc.dk Index on Censorship Lancaster House 33 Islington High Street London N1 9LH UK Phone: +44 (0)20 72782313 Fax: +44 (0)20 72781878 Email: [email protected] Web: www.indexonline.org Institute for War & Peace Reporting Lancaster House 33 Islington High Street London N1 9LH UK Tel: +44 (0)20 7713 7130 Fax: +44 (0)20 7713 7140 Email: [email protected] Web: www.iwpr.net International Me dia Support Wilders Plads 8H 1403 Copenhagen Denmark Tel: (+45) 3269 8989 Fax: (+45) 3269 8994 Email: [email protected] Web: www.i-m-s.dk Iraqi Media Needs Assessment, page 2 A New Voice in the Middle East: A Provisional Needs Assessment for the Iraqi Media 1. Executive Summary Stabilisation and development in post-war Iraq depend on the creation of new forms of representative government in a country that has suffered decades of war and brutal dictatorship. A prerequisite for success is the emergence of a professional and independent media, to convey reliable facts, support responsible debate and represent the diversity of communities and views within Iraq. Iraqis are confronting this huge challenge with considerable energy, but face serious obstacles. In the weeks since the end of hostilities, dozens of new newspapers and magazines have been launched in the capital, Baghdad, while the busy media culture in Iraqi Kurdistan – established during the decade of self-rule – has continued. -
Informations Sur Les Tribus Irakiennes De La Région De Tikrit Et Leur Implication Dans Les Événements De 2003-2007
IRAK Note 4 juillet 2014 Informations sur les tribus irakiennes de la région de Tikrit et leur implication dans les événements de 2003-2007 Avertissement Ce document a été élaboré par l’Ofpra en vue de fournir des informations aux agents chargés du traitement des demandes de protection internationale. Il ne prétend pas faire le traitement exhaustif de la problématique, ni apporter de preuves concluantes quant au fondement d’une demande de protection internationale particulière. Il ne doit pas être considéré comme une position officielle de l’Ofpra ou des autorités françaises. Ce document, rédigé conformément aux lignes directrices communes à l’Union européenne pour le traitement de l’information sur le pays d’origine (avril 2008) [cf. http://www.ofpra.gouv.fr/documents/Lignes_directrices_UE.pdf], se fonde principalement sur des renseignements puisés dans des sources qui sont à la disposition du public. Toutes les sources utilisées sont référencées. Elles ont été sélectionnées avec un souci constant de recouper les informations. Le fait qu’un événement, une personne ou une organisation déterminée ne soit pas mentionné(e) dans la présente production ne préjuge pas de son inexistence. La reproduction ou diffusion du document n’est pas autorisée, à l’exception d’un usage personnel, sauf accord de l’Ofpra en vertu de l’article L. 335-3 du code de la propriété intellectuelle. Irak – Informations sur les tribus de Tikrit et les événements de 2003-2007 Sommaire 1. Les tribus arabes dans la société irakienne..................................................... 3 2. Les tribus de la province de Salah ad-Din (Tikrit) ............................................ 4 3. La province de Salah ad-Din (Tikrit) sous Saddam Hussein .............................. -
The Future of Iraq: Dictatorship, Democracy
THE FUTURE OF IRAQ DICTATORSHIP, DEMOCRACY, OR DIVISION? Liam Anderson and Gareth Stansfield 01 anderson fm 12/15/03 11:57 AM Page i THE FUTURE OF IRAQ This page intentionally left blank 01 anderson fm 12/15/03 11:57 AM Page iii THE FUTURE OF IRAQ DICTATORSHIP, DEMOCRACY, OR DIVISION? Liam Anderson and Gareth Stansfield 01 anderson fm 12/15/03 11:57 AM Page iv THE FUTURE OF IRAQ Copyright © Liam Anderson and Gareth Stansfield, 2004. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. First published 2004 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN™ 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 and Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, England RG21 6XS. Companies and representatives throughout the world. PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN 1–4039–6354–1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Anderson, Liam D. The future of Iraq : dictatorship, democracy, or division? / by Liam Anderson and Gareth Stansfield. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1–4039–6354–1 hardcover 1. Iraq—Politics and government—1958- 2. Iraq War, 2003. 3. Democracy—Iraq. 4. Iraq—Ethnic relations. I. Stansfield, Gareth R. V. II. Title. DS79.65.A687 2004 956.7044’3—dc22 2003058846 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. -
Educator Resources
Educator Resources April 14–May 30, 2010 Mark Taper Forum Welcome Center Theatre Group is excited to have you and your students join us at Bengal Educational Tiger at the Baghdad Zoo by Rajiv Joseph. Materials Team: A great play raises questions about the human condition and a great Writer educational experience allows students an opportunity to reflect upon those Julie Marie Myatt questions and begin to discover their own answers. To that end the material in Center Theatre Group’s Student Discovery Guide and Educator Resources Associate Director of Education raise questions: questions about war and violence, questions about language, Debra Piver questions about the assumptions we make about people and nations. Our goal is to provide you with a variety of entry points into Bengal Tiger at the Baghdad Teaching Artists in Zoo so that you can choose what best suits you and your students. Residence Lynn Clark Leslie Ishii The Educator Resources and Student Discovery Guide are companion pieces, Marcos Najera designed to help you prepare your students to see the play and to follow-up the Omar Ricks performance with options for discussion, reflection and creativity. Proofreader We have organized the Educator Resources into the following sections: Mandy Ratliff Graphic Designer Haruka Hayakawa Student Discovery Guide The Student Discovery Guide provides students with background information about the play and the subject matter, as well as questions for individual reflection. Written to be student-driven, the Discovery Guide helps prepare your students for the performance. About This Play This section includes a scene-by-scene synopsis of the play to provide you with detailed information about the content and form of the play. -
The History of Sunni and Shi'i Arab Identities in Iraq, 1861–2014
The Struggle Over the State: The History of Sunni and Shi‘i Arab Identities in Iraq, 1861–2014 Emily K. Bader Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Prerequisite for Honors in International Relations–History under the advisement of Lidwien Kapteijns April 2018 © 2018 Emily K. Bader Bader 2 Acknowledgments I would not have been able to tackle this immense challenge if it were not for the countless people who have supported me along the way. I would like to start by thanking my parents, Wendy and Bruce, my brother, David (and of course, our beloved dog, Cassie) for their love, encouragement, and as always, humor. My family has taught me compassion, tenacity, and resilience—all of which were necessary to finish this thesis. Thank you for always supporting me, even when my ambitions involve words like “conflict” and “reporter.” Thank you to my mom, a Wellesley woman herself, who, when I called her several months ago in a state of panic that I would not be able to finish asked me, “well do you want to finish?” and when I answered of course said, “then finish it!” Thank you to my dad for always answering the phone with a joke, for sending me pictures of the dog, and for reminding me that I need to sleep. Funding my penchant for doing work at Starbucks did not hurt either. Thank you to my friends, both near and far, without whom I would likely have ended up as a ball of stress by now. Thank you for the countless texts and phone calls cheering me on, even when halfway around the world, for taking time out of your own hectic schedules to check in with me, for bringing me homemade smoothies at my thesis carrel, and even offering to do my laundry (an offer that, while greatly appreciated, was not taken up on) and so much more. -
Results in Iraq: 100 Days Toward Security and Freedom
Results in Iraq: 100 Days Toward Security and Freedom Highlights of the Renewal of Iraq and the End of Saddam’s Regime August 8, 2003 “This nation, in world war and in Cold War, has never permitted the brutal and lawless to set history's course. Now, as before, we will secure our nation, protect our freedom, and help others to find freedom of their own.” -- President Bush, October 7, 2002 2 Table of Contents Introduction................................................................................................................................... 4 10 Ways the Liberation of Iraq Supports the War on Terror.................................................. 5 10 Signs of Better Security ........................................................................................................... 7 10 Signs of Better Infrastructure and Basic Services................................................................ 9 10 Signs of Democracy................................................................................................................ 11 10 Improvements in the Lives of Iraqi Children...................................................................... 13 10 Signs of Economic Renewal................................................................................................... 15 10 Examples of International Support for the Renewal of Iraq............................................. 17 10 Signs of Cultural Rebirth...................................................................................................... 19 10 Steps -
Saddam's Generals: Perspectives of the Iran-Iraq
SADDAM’S GENERALS Perspectives of the Iran-Iraq War Kevin M. Woods, Williamson Murray, Elizabeth A. Nathan, Laila Sabara, Ana M. Venegas SADDAM’S GENERALS SADDAM’S GENERALS Perspectives of the Iran-Iraq War Kevin M. Woods, Williamson Murray, Elizabeth A. Nathan, Laila Sabara, Ana M. Venegas Institute for Defense Analyses 2011 Final July 2010 IDA Document D-4121 Log: H 10-000765/1 Copy This work was conducted under contract DASW01-04-C-003, Task ET-8-2579, “Study on Military History (Project 1946—Phase II)” for the National Intelligence Council. The publication of this IDA document does not indicate endorsement by the Department of Defense, nor should the contents be construed as reflecting the official position of the Agency. © 2010 Institute for Defense Analyses, 4850 Mark Center Drive, Alexandria, Virginia 22311-1882 • (703) 845-2000. This material may be reproduced by or for the U.S. Government pursuant to the copyright license under the clause at DFARS 252.227-7013 (November 1995). Contents Foreword............................................................................................................................................ vii Introduction.......................................................................................................................................... 1 Summary and Analysis........................................................................................................................ 5 Background .................................................................................................................................. -
The Status of Iraqi Land Forces and Security/Intelligence Forces: a Guesstimate
CSIS__________________________________________ Center for Strategic and International Studies 1800 K Street N.W. Washington, DC 20006 (202) 775-3270 (To comment: [email protected] For Updates see CSIS.ORG, “Military Balance”) The Status of Iraqi Land Forces and Security/Intelligence Forces: A Guesstimate Guesstimate of Redeployments and Damage to Date Shown in Bold. Key Elements that May Be Involved in the Battle of Baghdad are Shown in Bold Italics Note: No data on independent formations of Commando Units (Up to 10) and Special Forces Brigades (up to 3) Available Revised April 10, 2003 Anthony H. Cordesman Arleigh A. Burke Chair for Strategy Cordesman: Iraqi Forces as of 31 march 2003, 3rd Rev 4/10/03 Page 2 Table of Contents CSIS__________________________________________................................................. 1 Summary........................................................................................................................ 4 1. Regular Army and Republican Guards in the North:........................................... 5 Regular Army Forces in Northern Iraq: Was 2 Mechanized; 6 Infantry Divisions. Probably has lost most major facilities and some 10% of effectiveness. ................... 5 The Northern or 1st Corps of the Republican Guards: Had 1 Armored and 1 Infantry Division plus other forces. Probably has lost all major fixed facilities and some 10% of effectiveness for forces still in north. Elements moved south have probably lost at least 50% of their effectiveness. ................................................................................