Una Región Que Se Proyecta En Turismo
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Crustal Deformation Associated with the 1960 Earthquake Events in the South of Chile
Paper No. CDDFV CRUSTAL DEFORMATION ASSOCIATED WITH THE 1960 EARTHQUAKE EVENTS IN THE SOUTH OF CHILE Felipe Villalobos 1 ABSTRACT Large earthquakes can cause significant subsidence and uplifts of one or two meters. In the case of subsidence, coastal and fluvial retaining structures may therefore no longer be useful, for instance, against flooding caused by a tsunami. However, tectonic subsidence caused by large earthquakes is normally not considered in geotechnical designs. This paper describes and analyses the 1960 earthquakes that occurred in the south of Chile, along almost 1000 km between Concepción and the Taitao peninsula. Attention is paid to the 9.5 moment magnitude earthquake aftermath in the city of Valdivia, where a tsunami occurred followed by the overflow of the Riñihue Lake. Valdivia and its surrounding meadows were flooded due to a subsidence of approximately 2 m. The paper presents hypotheses which would explain why today the city is not flooded anymore. Answers can be found in the crustal deformation process occurring as a result of the subduction thrust. Various hypotheses show that the subduction mechanism in the south of Chile is different from that in the north. It is believed that there is also an elastic short-term effect which may explain an initial recovery and a viscoelastic long-term effect which may explain later recovery. Furthermore, measurements of crustal deformation suggest that a process of stress relaxation is still occurring almost 50 years after the main seismic event. Keywords: tectonic subsidence, 1960 earthquakes, Valdivia, crustal deformation, stress relaxation INTRODUCTION Tectonic subsidence or uplift is not considered in any design of onshore or near shore structures. -
Role of Point Sources on the Dissemination of Antibiotic Resistance in the Environment
ROLE OF POINT SOURCES ON THE DISSEMINATION OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY IRENE BUENO PADILLA IN PARTIAL FULLFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Randall S. Singer, Dominic A. Travis (Advisors) October 2018 Irene Bueno Padilla, October 2018© Acknowledgements I would like to first of all acknowledge my advisors, Drs. Randall S. Singer and Dominic A. Travis. Dominic, you have always been so supportive, even before the PhD when you guided me through my MPH and encouraged me to continue with a PhD. Thank you for all the valuable time you have spent with me and for all I have learned with you. Randy, thank you so much for believing and trusting in me to conduct an international project in Chile. Thank you both for so many learning opportunities, for allowing me to be creative while guiding me when I got off track. I would also like to thank my committee members (Drs. Claudia Muñoz-Zanzi, Tim J. Johnson, and Nick Phelps) for their patience and support throughout my PhD. I would also like to give special thanks to Jessica Williams-Nguyen, Haejin Hwang, André Nault, and Jan Sargeant for their contribution to the development of the two systematic reviews. Furthermore, I would like to thank Drs. Satoshi Ishii, Qian Zhang and especially Britta Wass and the rest of the Singer lab staff for their help with the molecular laboratory methods. I would really like to thank all the people in Chile that have made this work possible: Dr. -
Do Large Private Protected Areas Contribute to Sustainable Development? a Case Study from the Huilo Huilo Biological Reserve in Neltume, Chile
Research eco.mont – Volume 9, Number 1, January 2017 ISSN 2073-106X print version – ISSN 2073-1558 online version: http://epub.oeaw.ac.at/eco.mont 5 https://dx.doi.org/10.1553/eco.mont-9-1s5 Do large private protected areas contribute to sustainable development? A case study from the Huilo Huilo Biological Reserve in Neltume, Chile Benedikt Hora Keywords: private protected areas, sustainable tourism, Chilean Andes, economic transition Abstract Profile This study explores the impacts perceived by the local population in Neltume, a Protected area small rural village in the mountains of southern Chile, after a private protected area, the Huilo Huilo Biological Reserve, was established. Since the 1990s, Neltume Huilo Huilo Biological has experienced economic transition from the forestry sector to the development of special-interest tourism. This research aims to investigate how this transition affects the local population and tourism in the area. Methods used were secondary data Reserve review, participant observation, semi-structured interviews with key informants, and questionnaires with local householders, students and tourists. The results indicate Mountain range that this kind of private protected area plays an important role in local development. However, such developments could present a risk in the future because they create a Andes strong dependency for local inhabitants on just one economic activity. Country Chile Introduction nancially to implement a rainforest protection area where the forest was threatened by logging. Another Private actors have become increasingly prominent example is the Mbaracayú Natural Forest Reserve in in conserving naturally valuable areas. Their numbers Paraguay, which aims to protect the Atlantic Forest, are rising thanks in particular to neoliberal tendencies one of the five world biodiversity hotspots (Quintana in conservation which emphasize and strengthen the & Morse 2005). -
Chile Is One of the Most Industrialised Countries in South America, With
1 Geochemical evidence (C, N and Pb isotopes) of recent anthropogenic impact in 2 South-Central Chile from two environmentally distinct lake sediment records 3 1 2 3 3 4 Nathalie Fagel , Sébastien Bertrand , Nadine Mattielli , Delphine Gilson , Luis 5 Chirinos4, Gilles Lepoint5, and Roberto Urrutia6 6 7 (1) AGEs, Clays, sedimentary and environmental Geochemistry, Geology Department, 8 University of Liège, Allée du 6 Août B18, B-4000 Liège, Belgium. (Tel: 9 +32.4.3662209; Fax: +32.4.3662029; [email protected]); 10 (2) Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 11 MA02543, Woods Hole, USA ([email protected]); 12 (3) DSTE, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium; 13 (4) Departamento de Ingeniería, Universidad Católica del Perú, Peru; 14 (5) Marine Research Centre (MARE), Laboratoire d’Océanologie, Université de Liège, 15 Belgium; 16 (6) Centro de Ciencias Ambientales EULA-Chile, Universidad de Concepción, 17 Concepción, Chile. 1 18 Abstract 19 In this paper, we compare the elemental and isotopic (C, N, Pb) geochemistry of 20 lake sediments from two contrasted environments in South-Central Chile. The first lake, 21 Laguna Chica de San Pedro (LCSP), is situated in the urbanized area of the Biobio 22 Region (36°S). The second lake, Lago Puyehue (40°S), is located 400 km to the 23 southeast of LCSP and belongs to an Andean national park. Our aim is to identify 24 environmental impacts associated with increasing industrial activities and land- 25 degradation during the last 150 years. In LCSP, shifts in C/N atomic ratios, δ13C and 26 δ15N from 1915–1937 to the late 80’s are attributed to successive land-degradation 27 episodes in the lake watershed. -
Invaders Without Frontiers: Cross-Border Invasions of Exotic Mammals
Biological Invasions 4: 157–173, 2002. © 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. Review Invaders without frontiers: cross-border invasions of exotic mammals Fabian M. Jaksic1,∗, J. Agust´ın Iriarte2, Jaime E. Jimenez´ 3 & David R. Mart´ınez4 1Center for Advanced Studies in Ecology & Biodiversity, Pontificia Universidad Catolica´ de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile; 2Servicio Agr´ıcola y Ganadero, Av. Bulnes 140, Santiago, Chile; 3Laboratorio de Ecolog´ıa, Universidad de Los Lagos, Casilla 933, Osorno, Chile; 4Centro de Estudios Forestales y Ambientales, Universidad de Los Lagos, Casilla 933, Osorno, Chile; ∗Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]; fax: +56-2-6862615) Received 31 August 2001; accepted in revised form 25 March 2002 Key words: American beaver, American mink, Argentina, Chile, European hare, European rabbit, exotic mammals, grey fox, muskrat, Patagonia, red deer, South America, wild boar Abstract We address cross-border mammal invasions between Chilean and Argentine Patagonia, providing a detailed history of the introductions, subsequent spread (and spread rate when documented), and current limits of mammal invasions. The eight species involved are the following: European hare (Lepus europaeus), European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), wild boar (Sus scrofa), and red deer (Cervus elaphus) were all introduced from Europe (Austria, France, Germany, and Spain) to either or both Chilean and Argentine Patagonia. American beaver (Castor canadensis) and muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) were introduced from Canada to Argentine Tierra del Fuego Island (shared with Chile). The American mink (Mustela vison) apparently was brought from the United States of America to both Chilean and Argentine Patagonia, independently. The native grey fox (Pseudalopex griseus) was introduced from Chilean to Argentine Tierra del Fuego. -
Seismic Stratigraphy of Lago Puyehue (Chilean Lake District): New Views on Its Deglacial and Holocene Evolution
J Paleolimnol (2008) 39:163–177 DOI 10.1007/s10933-007-9112-3 ORIGINAL PAPER Seismic stratigraphy of Lago Puyehue (Chilean Lake District): new views on its deglacial and Holocene evolution Franc¸ois Charlet Æ Marc De Batist Æ Emmanuel Chapron Æ Se´bastien Bertrand Æ Mario Pino Æ Roberto Urrutia Received: 2 October 2006 / Accepted: 29 April 2007 / Published online: 27 July 2007 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007 Abstract Prior to the collection of a series of lake at the onset of deglaciation (Unit II), lacustrine sediment cores, a high- and very-high-resolution fan deposits fed by sediment-laden meltwater streams reflection seismic survey was carried out on Lago in a proglacial lake (Unit III), distal deposits of Puyehue, Lake District, South-Central Chile. The fluvially derived sediment in an open, post-glacial data reveal a complex bathymetry and basin structure, lake (Unit IV) and authigenic lacustrine sediments, with three sub-basins separated by bathymetric predominantly of biogenic origin, that accumulated in ridges, bedrock islands and interconnected channels. an open, post-glacial lake (Unit V). This facies The sedimentary infill reaches a thickness of >200 m. succession is very similar to that observed in other It can be sub-divided into five seismic-stratigraphic glacial lakes, and minor differences are attributed to units, which are interpreted as: moraine, ice-contact an overall higher depositional energy and higher or outwash deposits (Unit I), glacio-lacustrine sedi- terrigenous input caused by the strong seismic and ments rapidly deposited in a proglacial or subglacial volcanic activity in the region combined with heavy This is the second in a series of eight papers published in this special issue dedicated to the 17,900 year multi-proxy lacustrine record of Lago Puyehue, Chilean Lake District. -
Multi-Proxy Analysis of Annually Laminated Sediments from Three Neighboring Lakes in South-Central Chile
Geological society of America Bulletin, volume 126 (3-4), 481-498, doi 10.1130/b30798.1 AUTHOR COPY The 600 year eruptive history of Villarrica Volcano (Chile) revealed by annually-laminated lake sediments Van Daele, M.1, Moernaut, J.2,1, Silversmit, G.3, Schmidt, S.4, Fontijn, K. 5, Heirman, K.1, Vandoorne, W.1, De Clercq, M. 1, Van Acker, J.6, Wolff, C.7, Pino, M.8, Urrutia, R.9, Roberts, S.J.10, Vincze, L.3 and De Batist, M.1 1 Renard Centre of Marine Geology (RCMG), Department of Geology and Soil Science, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S8, B-9000 Gent, Belgium. 2 Geological Institute, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland. 3 X-ray Microspectroscopy and Imaging Group (XMI), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ghent University. Krijgslaan 281/S12, B-9000 Gent, Belgium. 4 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques (EPOC), CNRS, Université Bordeaux 1, Avenue des facultés, 33405 Talence cedex, France. 5 Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3AN, UK. 6 Department Forest and Water Management, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium. 7 Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ—German Research Centre for Geosciences), Section 5.2 – ClimateDynamics and Landscape Evolution, Telegrafenberg, D- 14473 Potsdam, Germany. 8 Instituto de Geociencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile. 9 Centro EULA, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile. 10 British Antarctic Survey (BAS), High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET United Kingdom. KEYWORDS µXRF; turbidite; lahar; Calafquén; Villarrica ABSTRACT Lake sediments contain valuable information about past volcanic and seismic events that have affected the lake catchment, and provide unique records of the recurrence interval and magnitude of such events. -
Redalyc.Southern Chile, Trout and Salmon Country: Invasion Patterns
Revista Chilena de Historia Natural ISSN: 0716-078X [email protected] Sociedad de Biología de Chile Chile SOTO, DORIS; ARISMENDI, IVÁN; GONZÁLEZ, JORGE; SANZANA, JOSÉ; JARA, FERNANDO; JARA, CARLOS; GUZMAN, ERWIN; LARA, ANTONIO Southern Chile, trout and salmon country: invasion patterns and threats for native species Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, vol. 79, núm. 1, 2006, pp. 97-117 Sociedad de Biología de Chile Santiago, Chile Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=369944277009 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative TROUT AND SALMON IN SOUTHERN CHILERevista Chilena de Historia Natural97 79: 97-117, 2006 Southern Chile, trout and salmon country: invasion patterns and threats for native species Sur de Chile, país de truchas y salmones: patrones de invasión y amenazas para las especies nativas DORIS SOTO1,2,*, IVÁN ARISMENDI1, JORGE GONZÁLEZ1, JOSÉ SANZANA1, FERNANDO JARA3, CARLOS JARA4, ERWIN GUZMAN1 & ANTONIO LARA5 1 Núcleo Milenio FORECOS, Laboratorio Ecología Acuática, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 1327, Puerto Montt, Chile 2 Present address: Inland Water Resources and Aquaculture Service (FIRI), Fisheries Department, FAO of UN, Via delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100, Rome, Italy 3 Universidad San Sebastián, Casilla 40-D, Puerto Montt, Chile 4 Instituto de Zoología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 653, Valdivia, Chile 5 Núcleo Milenio FORECOS, Instituto de Silvicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 653, Valdivia, Chile; *Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT In order to evaluate the present distribution patterns of salmonids and their potential effects on native fish, we sampled 11 large lakes and 105 streams, encompassing a total of 13 main hydrographic watersheds of southern Chile (39o to 52o S). -
Bertrand Et Al., 2008A; Bertrand and Fagel, 2008)
1 Bulk organic geochemistry of sediments from Puyehue Lake and its watershed (Chile, 2 40°S): Implications for paleoenvironmental reconstructions 3 4 Sébastien Bertrand1,*, Mieke Sterken2, Lourdes Vargas-Ramirez3, Marc De Batist4, Wim 5 Vyverman2, Gilles Lepoint5, and Nathalie Fagel6 6 7 1 Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 360 Woods Hole Road, 8 MA02536, Woods Hole, USA. Tel: 1-508-289-3410, Fax: 1-508-457-2193 9 2 Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, University of Ghent, Krijgslaan 281 S8, 9000 Gent, Belgium 10 3 Instituto de Investigaciones Geológicas y del Medio Ambiente, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, 11 Bolivia 12 4 Renard Centre of Marine Geology, University of Ghent, Krijgslaan 281 S8, 9000 Gent, Belgium 13 5 Oceanology Laboratory, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium 14 6 Clays and Paleoclimate Research Unit, Sedimentary Geochemistry, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium 15 16 *Corresponding author: [email protected] 17 18 Abstract (376 words) 19 Since the last deglaciation, the mid-latitudes of the southern Hemisphere have 20 undergone considerable environmental changes. In order to better understand the response of 21 continental ecosystems to paleoclimate changes in southern South America, we investigated 22 the sedimentary record of Puyehue Lake, located in the western piedmont of the Andes in 23 south-central Chile (40°S). We analyzed the elemental (C, N) and stable isotopic (δ13C, δ15N) 24 composition of the sedimentary organic matter preserved in the lake and its watershed to 25 estimate the relative changes in the sources of sedimentary organic carbon through space and 26 time. -
Distribution Patterns of Flora and Fauna in Southern Chilean Coastal Rain
Biodivers Conserv (2007) 16:2627–2648 DOI 10.1007/s10531-006-9073-2 ORIGINAL PAPER Distribution patterns of flora and fauna in southern Chilean Coastal rain forests: Integrating Natural History and GIS Cecilia Smith-Ramı´rez Æ Iva´n Dı´az Æ Patricio Pliscoff Æ Claudio Valdovinos Æ Marco A. Me´ndez Æ Juan Larraı´n Æ Horacio Samaniego Received: 17 August 2005 / Accepted: 19 May 2006 / Published online: 27 October 2006 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2006 Abstract Knowledge of species richness centers is necessary for the design of conservation areas. In this study, we present a GIS analysis of two years of field data on animal and plant diversity distributions in evergreen, coastal rain forests of southern Chile (39°30¢–41°25¢ S). Despite their high endemism, these forests have remained largely unprotected. Field records were complemented with data from museum collections and scientific literature. We used selected environmental vari- ables (evapotranspiration, altitude) and, in some cases, forest types as predictors of species distributions. Our study focused on the distribution of forest bryophytes, vascular plants, soil invertebrates, amphibians and birds. We generated distribu- tional maps for each taxa based on their field records in the study area, comple- C. Smith-Ramı´rez (&) Center for Advanced Studies in Ecology and Biodiversity (CASEB), P. Universidad Cato´ lica and Fundacio´ n Senda Darwin (FSD), 1220, Valdivia, Chile e-mail: [email protected] I. Dı´az Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida and FSD, Gainesville, FL, USA P. Pliscoff FSD, Roman Dı´az 390, dpto. 902, Providencia, Santiago, Chile C. -
Assessing the Effect of Fish Size on Species Distribution Model Performance in Southern Chilean Rivers
Assessing the effect of fish size on species distribution model performance in southern Chilean rivers Daniel Zamorano1,2, Fabio A. Labra1,3, Marcelo Villarroel2, Shaw Lacy4, Luca Mao5,6, Marcelo A. Olivares7,8 and Matías Peredo-Parada2 1 Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile 2 Plataforma de Investigación en Ecohidrología y Ecohidráulica Limitada, Santiago, Chile 3 Programa de Doctorado en Conservación y Gestión de la Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile 4 The School for Field Studies, Center for Climate Studies, Puerto Natales, Chile 5 Instituto de Geografía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile 6 School of Geography, College of Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom 7 Departamento de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile 8 Centro de Energía, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile ABSTRACT Despite its theoretical relationship, the effect of body size on the performance of species distribution models (SDM) has only been assessed in a few studies, and to date, the evidence shows unclear results. In this context, Chilean fishes provide an ideal case to evaluate this relationship due to their short size (fishes between 5 cm and 40 cm) and conservation status, providing evidence for species at the lower end of the worldwide fish size distribution and representing a relevant management tool for species conservation. We assessed the effect of body size on the performance of SDM in nine Chilean river fishes, considering the number of records, performance metrics, and predictor importance. The study was developed in the Bueno and Valdivia basins of southern Chile. -
Fly Fishing Package Final
FUTANGUE HOTEL & SPA FLY FISHING PROGRAM CHILE´S LAKES & VOLCANOES EXPLORE THE PATAGONIAN ANDES IN FUTANGUE PARK GET READY for a journey through breathtaking natural landscapes, covered by vast expanses of pristine forests and majestic mountains. Venture among beautiful lakes, turquoise waterfalls, and spectacular lava fields. This remote and once impenetrable land now has a network of exclusive hiking trails, allowing visitors to enjoy nature like nowhere else in Patagonia. A NEW DESTINATION BETWEEN PUCON AND PUERTO VARAS MAGNIFICENT LOCATION FUTANGUE IS A PRIVATE NATURE RESERVE in the Chilean Northern Patagonia among the foothills of the Andes Mountains in the Los Ríos Region. The park is on the shores of one of Chile´s largest and most beautiful lakes - Lake Ranco, and is near to Puyehue National Park, with it´s stunning volcanic scenery. The area is also known for having some of the best-preserved examples of the Valdivian Rainforest, one of the most important biodiversity hotspots on the planet. Chile Argentina Ruta T-85, KM 22, N GETTING TO Riñinahue, Lago Ranco. Temuco 40°19’56.24”S FUTANGUE PARK Airport 72°13’38.14”O Araucanía Pucon Villarrica Airport Pichoy Valdivia Los Lagos Flights from Santiago to airports in: Reumen Lago Ranco Río Bueno Osorno Airport Cañal Bajo Temuco Villa La Angostura (ZCO) Valdivia (Araucanía) San Carlos de (ZAL) 1:20 hrs. Puerto Varas Bariloche (Pichoy) 1:25 hrs. Airport Osorno El Tepual Puerto Montt (ZOS) Pacific Ocean Puerto (Cañal Bajo) Montt 1:35 hrs. (PMC) Transfer time to the hotel from: (El Tepual) 1:40 hrs.