There Are Three Types of Memory ;

Memory

Receiving new information does not guarantee its recall, learning process is . selective, some experience become part of memory

; There are three types of memory

Sensory memory ;last for brief time depends on process of-1 perception and represent the original stimulus accurately, visual immediate memory for stimuli that have just been perceived . rehearsal

short term memory ;it s the process by which we can memorize by-2 repetition like rehearsing new telephone number, short term memory . can hold only a limited amount of information

. Iong term memory it keeps the information-3

; Types of sensory memory

Iconic memory (image)-visual sensory memory –partial report-1 . procedure

Echoic memory =auditory comprehending many sounds-like-2 . hearing the word and explains it at the end of the word

Chunking ; encoding of information –for example image stored in . iconic memory is as (the whole image ) or as in sounds after ,interpretation

This is the process by which the sensory information moves to short . term memory or is to use the already stored information in the long . term memory and moves them to short term memory

; Short term memory

Is often called working memory include new and old information . include visual ,auditory, somatosensory , gustatory , olfactory , even . movements which is important for remembering and thinking

1 Association – visual, or other sensory stimulus will help in process of . . remembering

Decay ; it is the process of diminishing the stored information in . short term memory before moving it to long term memory because of . lack of rehearsal or inadequate association

Proactive inhibition it is the process by which previously learned . data will act forward in time like giving 2 list of names one after the other and the person may remember names from first list instead of . second causing confusion

Retrieval ; is the process by which the data become poorer in . retaining data from short term memory on successive trials but . improve on changing the model and start again

Displacement ; interfere with the retention of information in short . . term memory, some of the old information get pushed out

. Transfer of information from stm to itm .

By consolidation theory ; stm is retained by short lived neural . activity where itm require structural changes in circuits of neuron – . making solid

; Long term memory

Long term memory retains information that is encoded in sensory. . characters also information related to previously learned –meaning

. Factors effecting memory .

Damage to particular parts of the brain can permanently impair the . . ability to form new long term memories like for example

alcohol addiction-1

sever malnutrition-2

stroke-3

2 head trauma-4

surgery-5

Anterograde amnesia ;where the memory loss for events that occur . .after the brain damage like alcoholism

Retrograde amnesia ;memory loss for the events occur before brain . damage like dementia where the cortical atrophy is responsible for . the cognitive dysfunction mostly shown asdefect in stm and sensory

Factors affecting memory

Memory ability does change with age. Aging changes the brain and . . therefore memory ability

This is normal (provided there are no underlying medical conditions)and is referred to as "age- related "memory change .Let s look at som of the factors ;that can further affect memory change

;For the Better

Staying active ( mentally and physically ) seems to be the key to stabilizing . memory change with age .here are just a few " active" factors that can ; positively affect memory change ; (physical activity )exercise

mental activity ) educational experiences , reading , crosswords, ect ;(social) activity ) new experiences ; (healthy diet ) lower fat and lower cholesterol ). . Now let s look at some of the factors that can further affect memory change

3 For the worse

A person s medical condition seems to be the primary factor affecting memory change . Here are just a few medical factors that can negatively affect memory change; (medical disorders and diseases ) thyroid problems, heart ( problems, stroke ;(emotional problems )depression, anxiety ;(medication

Some anti-depressants, some anti- histamines, anti – anxiety and high blood pressure medications ;(medical changes ) menopause and other hormonal

. Changes ;(poor diet ) high fat , too high cholesterol, too low cholesterol

; Dementia symptoms

Symptoms of dementia vary considerably by the individual and the underlying cause of the dementia .Most people affected by dementia have some (but not all ) of these symptoms . The symptoms may be very obvious ,or they may be very subtle and go unrecognized for some time .The first sign of dementia is usually loss of short- term memory .The person repeats what he just said or forgets where she put an object just a few minutes ago. Other symptoms and ; signs are as follows

Early symptoms-1

Word finding difficulty _ may be compensate using synonayms or defining- . the word

Forgetting names, appointments , or whether or not the person has done- .semething ,losing things

4 Difficulty performing familiar tasks-Driving ,cooking a meal ,household- . chores, managing personal finances

Personality changes (for example ,sociable person becomes withdrawn or- .(a quiet is coarse and silly

.Uncharacteristic behavior-

Mood swings, often with brief periods of anger or rage-

. Poor judgment-

.Behavior disorders- Paranoia and suspiciousness-

Decline in level of functioning but able to follow established routine at- .home

. Confusion , disorientation in unfamiliar places-

;Moderate stage of dementia-2

Worsening of symptoms seen in early dementia, with less ability to . . compensate

Unable to carry out activities of activities of daily living (eg, bathing . .,dressing ,grooming ,feeding ,using the toilet )without help

.Disrupted sleep often napping in the daytime, up at night .

. Unable to learn new information .

. Increasing disorientation and confusion even in familiar surrounding .

Greater risk of falls of falls and accidents due to poor judgment and . . confusion

Behavior disorders –Paranoids, aggressiveness, agitation ,inappropriate . .sexual behavior

.Hallucinations .

5 Confabulation (believing the person has done or experienced things that . .( never happened

. Inattention, poor concentration, loss of interest in the outside world .

.( Abnormal moods (depression ,anxiety .

; Sever stage of dementia-3

. Worsening of symptoms seen in early and intermediate dementia .

. Complete dependence on others for activities of daily living .

. May be unable to walk or move from place to place unassisted .

Impairment of other movements such as swallowing –Increases risk of . malnutrition ,choking ,and aspiration ( inhaling foods and beverages .( ,saliva, or mucus into lung

Complete loss of short –and long –term memory –May be unable to . . recognize even close relatives and friends

. Complications start to occur, dehydaration, bed sore, fractures .