DOCSLIB.ORG

Download Article (PDF)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Download Article (PDF) • tateif owledge ZOOLOG C su VEYO OCCASIONAL PAPER NO. 223 RECORDS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA Termite (Insecta: Isoptera) Fauna of Gujarat and Rajasthan -Present State of Knowledge Narendra S. Rathore Asit K. Bhattacharyya Desert Regional Station, Zoological Survey of India, Jhaianland, Pali Road, Jodhpur 342 005, Rajasthan, India. E-mail: [email protected] Edited by the Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata. Zoological Survey of India Kolkata CITATION Narendra S. Rathore and Asit S. Bhattacharyya 2004. Termite (Insecta: Isoptera) Fauna of Gujarat and Rajasthan - Present State of Knowledge, Rec. zool. Surv. India, Occ. Paper No. 223 : 1-77. (Published by the Director, Zoo!. Surv. India, Kolkata) Published February, 2J04 ISBN 81-8171-031-2 © Government of India, 2004 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED • No part of this publication may be reproduced. stored in a retrieval system or transmitted. in any form or by any means. electronic. mechanical. photocopying. recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. • This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not. by way of trade. be lent. resold. hired out or otherwise disposed' of without the publisher's consent. in any form of binding or cover other than that in whic~ it is published. • The correct price of this publication is the price printed on this page. Any revised price indicated by a rubber stamp or by a sticker or by any other means is incorrect and should be unacceptable. PRICE India : Rs. 300.00 Foreign: $ (U.S.) 20; £ 15 Published at the Publication. Division by the Director, Zoological Survey of India, 234/4, AJ .C. Bose Road, 2nd MSO Building (13th Floor), Nizam Palace, Kolkata - 700020 and printed at Power Printers, New Delhi - 110002. Records of the Zoological Survey of India Occasional Paper 223 2004 1-77 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 1 MATERIAL AND METHODS .................................................................................................. 3 LIST OF TERMITES KNOWN FROM GUJARAT AND RAJASTHAN ............................. 5 KEY TO THE TAXA OF TERMITE FROM GUJARAT AND RAJASTHAN ..................... 7 SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT ..................................................................................................... 15 Family I KALOTERMITIDAE Froggatt, 1896 .................................................................. 15 1. Incisitermes didwanensis Roonwal & Verma, 1973 .................................................. 15 2. Neotermes fletcheri Holmgren & Holmgren, 1917 .................................................... 16 3. Cryptotermes bengalensis (Snyder, 1934) .................................................................. 16 4. Cryptotermes daulti Rathore, 1994 ............................................................................ 16 5. Cryptoermes havilandi (Sjostedt, 1900) ..................................................................... 17 Family II HODOTERMITIDAE Desneux, 1904 ............................................................... 17 Subfamily (I) HODOTERMITINAE Desneux, 1904 ....................................................... 17 6. Anacanthotermes macrocephalus (Desneux, 1906) ................................................... 17 Family III RHINOTERMITIDAE Froggatt, 1896 ............................................................. 18 Subfamily (II) PSAMMOTERMITINAE Holmgren, 1911 .............................................. 18 7. Psammotermes rajasthanicus Roonwal & Bose, 1960 .............................................. 18 Subfamily (III) COPTOTERMITINAE Holmgren, 1911 .................................................. 18 8. Coptotermes heimi (Wasmann, 1902) ........................................................................ 18 9. Coptotermes kishori Roonwal & Chhotani, 1960 ..................................................... 20 Subfamily (IV) HETEROTERMITINAE Froggatt, 1896 ................................................. 20 10. Heterotermes gertrudae Roonwal, 1953 ..................................................................... 20 fl. Heterotermes indicola (Wasmann, 1902) ................................................................... 20 12. Heterotermes malabaricus Snyder, 1933 ................................................................... 21 Family IV TERMITIDAE Westwood, 1934 ...................................................................... 21 Subfamily (V) AMITERMITINAE Kamner, 1934 ........................................................... 21 13. Eurytermes mohana Rathore, 1995 ............................................................................ 21 14. Speculitermes cyclops Wasmann, 1902 ...................................................................... 22 15. Speculitermes dharwarjensis Roonwal & Chhotani, 1964 ........................................ 22 16. Speculitermes sinhalensis Roonwal & Sen-Sarma, 1960 ......................................... 22 17. Speculitermes triangularis Roonwal & Sen-Sarma, 1960 ........................ ~ ............... 22 18. Synhamitermes labioangulatus Thakur, 1989 ............................................................ 24 19. Synhamitermes quadriceps (Wasmann, 1902) ........................................................... 24 20. Anlitermes belli (Desneux, 1906) .............................................................................. 24 (iv) 21. Eremotermes dehraduni Roonwal & Sen-Sarma, 1960 ............................................ 25 22. Eremotermes fletcheri Holmgren & Holmgren, 1917 ............................................... 25 23. Eremotermes neoparadoxalis Ahmad, 1955 ............................................................... 26 24. Eremotermes paradoxalis Holmgren, 1912 ................................................................ 26 25. Eremotermes sanyuktae Thakur, 1989 ............................................................. 4 ......... 28 26. Microcerotermes annandalei Silvestri, 1923 .............................................................. 28 27. Microcerotermes baluchistanicus Ahmad, 1955 ......................................................... 28 28. Microcerotermes beesoni Snyder, 1933 ...................................................................... 29 29. Microcerotermes cameroni Snyder, 1934 ................................................................... 29 30. Microcerotermes dumasensis Thakur, 1989 ............................................................... 29 31. Microcerotermes heimi Wasmann, 1902 .................................................................... 29 32. Microcerotermes laxmi Roonwal & Bose, 1964 ........................................................ 30 33. Microcerotermes pales tin ens is Spaeth, 1962 .............................................................. 3.0 34. Microcerotermes raja Roonwal & Bose, 1964 .......................................................... 32 35. Microcerotermes sakesarensis Ahmad, 1955 .............................................................. 32 36. Microcerotermes tenuignathus Holmgren, 1913 ......................................................... 32 Subfamily (VI) TERMITINAE Sjostedt; 1926 ................................................................ 33 37. Angulitermes dehraensis (Gardner, 1945) .................................................................. 33 38. Angulitermes jodhpurensis Roonwal & Verma, 1977 ............................................... 33 39. Dicuspiditermes incola (Wasmann, 1893) ................................................................. 34 Subfamily (VII) MACROTERMITINAE Kemner, 1934 ................................................. 34 40. Odontotermes anamallensis Holmgren & Holmgren, 1917 ...................................... 34 41. Odontotermes assmuthi Holmgren, 1913 ................................................................... 34 42. Odontotermes bellahunisensis Holmgren & Holmgren, 1917 .................................... 34 43. Odontotermes bhagwathi Chatterjee & Thakur, 1967 .............................................. 35 44. Odontotermes brunneus (Hagen, 1858) ...................................................................... 35 45. Odontotermes dehraduni (Snyder, .1934) ............................................................•. ;... 37 46. Odontotermes distans Holmgren & Holmgren, 1917 ................................................ 37 47. Odontotermes leae (Wasmann, 1896) ........................................................................ 37 48. Odontotermes giriensis Roonwal & Chhotani, 1962 ................................................. 38 49. Odontotermes girnarensis Thakur, 1989 .................................................................... 38 50. Odontotermes guptai Roonwal & Bose, 1961 .......................................................... 39 51. Odontotermes gurdaspurensis Holmgren & Holmgren, 1917 .................................... 39 52. Odontotern1es horai Roonwal & Chhotani, 1962 ..................................................... 41 53. Odontotermes indicus Thakur, 1981 ............................................... ~ .......................... 41 54. Odontotermes kushwahai Roonwal & Bose, 1964 ................................................... 41 55. Odontotermes latiguloides Roonwal & Verma, 1973 ........................................... ~ ... 42 56. Odontotermes lokanandi Chatterjee & Thakur, 1967 ..............................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Abacca Mosaic Virus
    Annex Decree of Ministry of Agriculture Number : 51/Permentan/KR.010/9/2015 date : 23 September 2015 Plant Quarantine Pest List A. Plant Quarantine Pest List (KATEGORY A1) I. SERANGGA (INSECTS) NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/ KLASIFIKASI/ NAMA MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR/ UMUM/ GOLONGA INANG/ No PEMBAWA/ GEOGRAPHICAL SCIENTIFIC NAME/ N/ GROUP HOST PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION SYNONIM/ TAXON/ COMMON NAME 1. Acraea acerata Hew.; II Convolvulus arvensis, Ipomoea leaf, stem Africa: Angola, Benin, Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae; aquatica, Ipomoea triloba, Botswana, Burundi, sweet potato butterfly Merremiae bracteata, Cameroon, Congo, DR Congo, Merremia pacifica,Merremia Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, peltata, Merremia umbellata, Kenya, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, sweet potato) Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo. Uganda, Zambia 2. Ac rocinus longimanus II Artocarpus, Artocarpus stem, America: Barbados, Honduras, Linnaeus; Coleoptera: integra, Moraceae, branches, Guyana, Trinidad,Costa Rica, Cerambycidae; Herlequin Broussonetia kazinoki, Ficus litter Mexico, Brazil beetle, jack-tree borer elastica 3. Aetherastis circulata II Hevea brasiliensis (karet, stem, leaf, Asia: India Meyrick; Lepidoptera: rubber tree) seedling Yponomeutidae; bark feeding caterpillar 1 4. Agrilus mali Matsumura; II Malus domestica (apel, apple) buds, stem, Asia: China, Korea DPR (North Coleoptera: Buprestidae; seedling, Korea), Republic of Korea apple borer, apple rhizome (South Korea) buprestid Europe: Russia 5. Agrilus planipennis II Fraxinus americana,
    [Show full text]
  • Estimation of Total Factor Productivity Growth In
    Pak. J. Agri. Sci., Vol. 56(4), 943-951; 2019 ISSN (Print) 0552-9034, ISSN (Online) 2076-0906 DOI:10.21162/PAKJAS/19.3948 http://www.pakjas.com.pk DIVERSITY PROFILE OF PROTISTS FLAGELLATES ISOLATED FROM HINDGUT OF Heterotermes indicola WASMANN (BLATTODEA: RHINOTERMITIDAE) IN PAKISTAN Asma Ashraf1, Naveeda Akhtar Qureshi1,*, Muhammad Haseeb1, Muhammad Qasim Hayat2, Muhammad Afzal1 and Saeed-ul-Hassan Khan1 1Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Science, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; 2Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan *Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected] Termites cause a serious menace to wood structures all over the world. They rely mostly on the entozoic fauna for the digestion of cellulosic materials. The present study is based upon the diversity of flagellates protists isolated from the gut of a lower termite, Heterotermes indicola, belonging to three genera i.e. Holomastigotes (H. campanula, H. annandalei and H. metchnikowi), Holomastigotoides (H. hemigynum, H. hartmanni, H. kempi, H. koidzumi and H. metchnikowi) and Pseudotrichonympha (P. grassii). The largest and most abundant species Pseudotrichonympha grassii was identified by molecular studies using the SSU rRNA gene, confirmed by phylogenetic analysis and compared with that of the P. grassii isolates reported from other parts of the world. The results showed that the P. grassii observed in our study was phylogenetically most closely related to the Japanese P. grassii isolate. The biodiversity of the entozoic flagellates is important in targeting for biological control of termites as well as for isolation and culturing of flagellates to produce cellulases, an important industrial enzyme.
    [Show full text]
  • Treatise on the Isoptera of the World Kumar
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by American Museum of Natural History Scientific Publications KRISHNA ET AL.: ISOPTERA OF THE WORLD: 7. REFERENCES AND INDEX7. TREATISE ON THE ISOPTERA OF THE WORLD 7. REFERENCES AND INDEX KUMAR KRISHNA, DAVID A. GRIMALDI, VALERIE KRISHNA, AND MICHAEL S. ENGEL A MNH BULLETIN (7) 377 2 013 BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY TREATISE ON THE ISOPTERA OF THE WORLD VolUME 7 REFERENCES AND INDEX KUMAR KRISHNA, DAVID A. GRIMALDI, VALERIE KRISHNA Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, New York 10024-5192 AND MICHAEL S. ENGEL Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, New York 10024-5192; Division of Entomology (Paleoentomology), Natural History Museum and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology 1501 Crestline Drive, Suite 140 University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045 BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Number 377, 2704 pp., 70 figures, 14 tables Issued April 25, 2013 Copyright © American Museum of Natural History 2013 ISSN 0003-0090 2013 Krishna ET AL.: ISOPtera 2435 CS ONTENT VOLUME 1 Abstract...................................................................... 5 Introduction.................................................................. 7 Acknowledgments . 9 A Brief History of Termite Systematics ........................................... 11 Morphology . 44 Key to the
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity and Abundance of Subterranean Termites in South India
    Srinivasa Murthy, K. Available Ind. J. Pure online App. Biosci.at www.ijpab.com (2020) 8(5), 141 -149 ISSN: 2582 – 2845 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.8193 ISSN: 2582 – 2845 Ind. J. Pure App. Biosci. (2020) 8(5), 141-149 Research Article Peer-Reviewed, Refereed, Open Access Journal Diversity and abundance of Subterranean Termites in South India K. Srinivasa Murthy* National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, P B No. 2491, H A Farm Post, Bellary Road Bangalore - 560 024, Karnataka, India *Corresponding Author E-mail: [email protected] Received: 7.07.2020 | Revised: 12.08.2020 | Accepted: 20.08.2020 ABSTRACT The abundance and diversity of subterranean termites was studied in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Keralae, Karnataka and Tamilnadu. Fifteen species of termites belonging to subfamilies Apicotermitinae, Kalotermitidae, Macrotermitinae and Nasutitermitinae, were recorded. The fungus growing termites (Macrotermitinae) accounted for 66.66% abundance, across the states. The Apicotermitinae (soil feeders) and Kalotermitidae (dry wood termites) registered 6.62% each and the dry wood termites (Nasutitermitinae) recorded 20.1% abundance. Among the different species of termites, Odontermes obesus, was more predominant (15.62%) than others. The cropping pattern, soil type and topography predisposed the abundance and diversity of termites. Keywords: Abundance, Cropping pattern, Diversity, Macrotermitinae. INTRODUCTION Ali, et al., 2013) as they play a vital role in Termites (Isoptera) are considered as the most recycling of plant materials and wood, abundant invertebrates and represent up to modifying and improving the soil condition 95% of soil insect biomass show an elaborated and composition, and providing food for other morphology and complex behaviour (Wang, et animals (Ackerman et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Termiticidal Activity of Bifenthrin and Fipronil Against Mound Building Termite Odontotermes Redemanni Wasmann
    Annals of Sri Lanka Department of Agriculture 2017. 19: 104 - 111 TERMITICIDAL ACTIVITY OF BIFENTHRIN AND FIPRONIL AGAINST MOUND BUILDING TERMITE ODONTOTERMES REDEMANNI WASMANN N.K. HAPUKOTUWA1 AND S. PERERA2 1 Plant Protection Service, Gannoruwa, Sri Lanka 2 Plant Protection Service Subunit, Bombuwala, Sri Lanka ABSTRACT Bifenthrin 10% SC (Maxxthor) and Fipronil 25% EC (Premise) obtained from two new sources were tested during 2014 to determine their termiticidal activity against the mound building termite Odontotermes redemanni Wasmann. Termitariaat open landscape in School of Agriculture, Kundasale, Kandy was randomly as the source of termite. Two new chemicals (Maxxthor and Premise), two reference chemicals (Biflex® and Agenda®) and water (control) were used as treatments with three replicates. Tendried sticks (60 cm long and three cm diameter) of Kapok (Ceibapentandra) were treated and inserted into each termitarium allowing the termites to feed on. Sticks were removed at two time intervals: four and eight weeks and weighed separately to measure the wood consumption. Analysis of variance showed highly significant differences (p=0.0001) in wood consumption among the treatments: chemicals and water treated termitaria. Maximum wood consumption (88.4g/8 weeks) was recorded in water treated termitaria. However no significant difference in wood consumption was observed between chemically treated termitaria. Both chemicals irrespective of their active ingredients, formulation or country of origin, performed equally against O. Redemanni revealing that they are appropriate termiticides to control mound building termite problem in Sri Lanka. Key words: Chemical control, Termites, Termitaria, Termiticide, wood consumption. INTRODUCTION Termites are abundant and diverse throughout the world (Donald and Dweight, 1970; Maayiem et al., 2012).
    [Show full text]
  • Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections
    Ubr.C-ff. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLUME 143, NO. 3 SUPPLEMENT TO THE ANNOTATED, SUBJECT-HEADING BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1955 TO I960 By THOMAS E. SNYDER Honorary Research Associate Smithsonian Institution (Publication 4463) CITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DECEMBER 29, 1961 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLUME 143, NO. 3 SUPPLEMENT TO THE ANNOTATED, SUBJECT-HEADING BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1955 TO 1960 By THOMAS E. SNYDER Honorary Research Associate Smithsonian Institution ><%<* Q (Publication 4463) CITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DECEMBER 29, 1961 PORT CITY PRESS, INC. BALTIMORE, NID., U. S. A. CONTENTS Pagre Introduction i Acknowledgments i List of subject headings 2 Subject headings 3 List of authors and titles 72 Index 115 m SUPPLEMENT TO THE ANNOTATED, SUBJECT-HEADING BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1955 TO 1960 By THOMAS E. SNYDER Honorary Research Associate Smithsonian Institution INTRODUCTION On September 25, 1956, an "Annotated, Subject-Heading Bibliography of Ter- mites 1350 B.C. to A.D. 1954," by Thomas E. Snyder, was published as volume 130 of the Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. A few 1955 papers were included. The present supplement covers publications from 1955 through i960; some 1961, as well as some earlier, overlooked papers, are included. A total of 1,150 references are listed under authors and tides, and 2,597 references are listed under subject headings, the greater number being due to cross references to publications covering more than one subject. New subject headings are Radiation and Toxicology. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The publication of this bibliography was made possible by a grant from the National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Morphometric Analysis of Coptotermes Spp. Soldier Caste (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae) in Indonesia and Evidence of Coptotermes Gestroi Extreme Head-Capsule Shapes
    insects Article Morphometric Analysis of Coptotermes spp. Soldier Caste (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae) in Indonesia and Evidence of Coptotermes gestroi Extreme Head-Capsule Shapes Bramantyo Wikantyoso 1,2,*, Shu-Ping Tseng 3, Setiawan Khoirul Himmi 2 , Sulaeman Yusuf 2 and Tsuyoshi Yoshimura 1 1 Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH), Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan; [email protected] 2 Research Center for Biomaterials, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) Jl. Raya Bogor km 46 Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia; [email protected] (S.K.H.); [email protected] (S.Y.) 3 Department of Entomology, University of California, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Simple Summary: The morphological characteristics of the soldier caste in termites provide valuable taxonomic information at the species level. Head-shape variation in soldiers was often used as an indicative characteristic in some genera. While species with egg-shaped and waterdrop-shaped head capsule (HC), Coptotermes gestroi and C. curvignathus, respectively, are familiar in Indonesia, neither a measurement nor head index may avoid the subjectivity of shape interpretation. We conducted linear Citation: Wikantyoso, B.; Tseng, S.-P.; and geometric morphometrics analyses of soldiers’ HC of Coptotermes spp. obtained from various Himmi, S.K.; Yusuf, S.; Yoshimura, T. locations in Indonesia. Although subtle differences were observed, the posterior parts of the HC Morphometric Analysis of laterally expanded in a gradual manner in C. gestroi, C. sepangensis, and C. curvignathus in that order. Coptotermes spp. Soldier Caste Furthermore, three extreme head-shape variations of C.
    [Show full text]
  • Dose Response Relationship of Subterranean Termite
    Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2015; 3(4): 86-90 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 Dose Response Relationship of Subterranean JEZS 2015; 3(4): 86-90 © 2015 JEZS Termite, Heterotermes indicola (Wasmann) and Received: 11-05-2015 Accepted: 12-06-2015 Two Insect Growth Regulators, Hexaflumuron Muhammad Misbah-ul-Haq and Lufenuron Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan. Muhammad Misbah-ul-Haq, Imtiaz Ali Khan, Abid Farid, Misbah Ullah, Imtiaz Ali Khan Alamzeb Entomology Department, The University of Agriculture Abstract Peshawar, The subterranean termite Heterotermes indicola (Wasmann) is one of the most economically important Pakistan. and destructive pest species in Pakistan. It is hard to control with conventional termiticides because of its cryptic foraging behavior and biology. Laboratory studies were conducted at Nuclear Institute for Food Abid Farid and Agriculture (NIFA) Peshawar, Pakistan to test various concentrations ranging from 100 – 10,000 Department of Agricultural ppm (wt/wt) of hexaflumuron and lufenuron to determine dose response relationship. It was concluded Sciences, University of Haripur, that hexaflumuron caused <50% mortality in termites exposed to 100 – 5000 ppm whereas at 10,000 ppm Pakistan. it caused >70% mortality after 25 days and ELT90 projected was 74 days. In dose-response study of Misbah Ullah lufenuron all the concentrations equal or greater than 250 ppm caused > 50% mortality but maximum College of Plant protection, mortality recorded was >70% which was caused by 10,000 ppm and ELT90 recorded was 49.2 days. Both Northwest A&F University hexaflumuron and lufenuron exhibited characteristics of slow acting toxicants and cause delayed China.
    [Show full text]
  • Toxicity Potential of the Heartwood Extractives from Two Mulberry Species Against Heteroternes Indicola
    ISSN impresa 0717-3644 Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología 21(2): 153 - 162, 2019 ISSN online 0718-221X DOI: 10.4067/S0718-221X2019005000203 TOXICITY POTENTIAL OF HEARTWOOD EXTRACTIVES FROM TWO MULBERRY SPECIES AGAINST Heterotermes Indicola Babar Hassan1,♠, Sohail Ahmed1, Nasir Mehmood1, Mark E Mankowski2, Muhammad Misbah-ul-Haq3 ABSTRACT Choice and no-choice tests were run to evaluate natural resistance of the woods of two Morus species (Morus alba and Morus nigra) against the subterranean, Heterotermes indicola, under field conditions. Tox- icity, antifeedant and repellency potential of the heartwood extractives was also investigated under laboratory conditions. Heartwood extractives were removed from wood shavings by using methanol or an ethanol: tolu- ene (2:1) mixture. Results of choice and no-choice tests with sap and heartwood blocks exposed to termites, showed that both mulberry species were resistant to termites but in comparison, Morus alba wood was more resistant than Morus nigra to termite feeding as it showed <5 % weight loss after 90 days. Termites exhibited a concentration dependent mortality after exposure to either mulberry species’ heartwood extractives. The high- est termite mortality occurred after termites were exposed to filter paper treated withMorus alba extractives at a concentration of 5 %. At this concentration, antifeedancy and repellency were calculated to be 91,67 and 84 % respectively. Our results also showed that extractives from either mulberry species imparted resistance to vacuum-pressure treated non-durable Populus deltoides wood. Termite mortality was greater than 75 % after feeding on Populus deltoides wood treated with extractives from Morus alba. Solvent only (methanol) treated Populus deltoides controls, showed a minimum weight loss of 2,69 % after 28 days.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Carica Papaya, Helianthus Annus and Bougainvillea Glabra Aqueous Extracts Against Termite, Heterotermes Indicola (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)
    Punjab Univ. J. Zool., Vol. 32 (1), pp. 051-056, 2017 ISSN 1016-1597(Print) ISSN2313-8556 (online) Original Article Effect of Carica papaya, Helianthus annus and Bougainvillea glabra aqueous extracts against termite, Heterotermes indicola (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) 1 2 1 3 Ayesha Aihetasham * Khalid Zamir Rasib , Syeda Rida Hasan , Imran Bodlah 1Department of Zoology. University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan 2Biological Sciences, FC College University, Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan 3Department of Entomology, PMAS- Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan (Article history: Received: March 11, 2017; Revised: June 01, 2017) Abstract The present study involves the entomocidal efficacy of different concentrations of aqueous leaf extracts of three medicinal plants viz., Carica papaya (paw paw), Helianthus annus (Sunflower) and Bougainvillea glabra (Paper flower) against Heterotermes indicola. The leaf extract of C. papaya caused highest mortality i.e. 100% of 10%, 5% and 3% concentration. Bougainvillea glabra and H. annus caused 100% mortality at 10% and 5% concentration while 96.4% mortality on 3% concentration after exposure period of 10 hours. B. glabra extracts also caused 100% mortality on 10% and 5% concentration while 96.4% mortality on 3% concentration. C. papaya showed the minimum LT50 of 3.03, 3.8 and 4.86 hours at 10, 5 and 3% concentrations respectively. LT50 of B. glabra was 3.58, 4.17 and 5.07 hours at 10, 5 and 3% concentrations respectively whereas, H. Annus showed LT50 of 3.8, 4.75 and 6.55 hours at 10, 5and 3% concentrations respectively. It can be concluded from the present findings that the tested plant extracts can be used for the management of H.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Ecology and Evolution of Microorganisms Associated with Fungus-Growing Termites
    On the ecology and evolution of microorganisms associated with fungus-growing termites Anna A. Visser Propositions 1 Showing the occurrence of a certain organism in a mutualistic symbiosis does not prove a specific role of this organism for that mutualism, as is illustrated by Actinobacteria species occurring in fungus-growing termite nests. (this thesis) 2 Instead of playing a role as mutualistic symbiont, Pseudoxylaria behaves like a weed, competing for the fungus-comb substrate and forcing termites to do regular gardening lest it overgrows their Termitomyces monoculture. (this thesis) 3 Citing colleagues who are no longer active must be considered as an act of true altruism. 4 The overload of literature on recent ‘discoveries’ blinds us from old literature, causing researchers to neglect what was already known and possibly duplicate investigations. 5 Keys to evolution of knowledge lie in recognizing the truth of one’s intuition, and extending the limits of one’s imagination. 6 The presumed creative superiority of left-handed people (Newland 1981), said to be the result of more communication between both sides of the brain, might rather be the result of lifelong selection on finding creative solutions to survive in a right-hand biased environment. 7 An understanding of ‘why good ideas usually come by the time time is running out and how to manage this’, would greatly improve people’s intellectual output and the condition in which they perform. Propositions accompanying the thesis “On the ecology and evolution of microorganisms associated with fungus-growing termites” Anna A. Visser Wageningen, 15th June 2011 Reference Newland GA, 1981.
    [Show full text]
  • Methane Production in Terrestrial Arthropods (Methanogens/Symbiouis/Anaerobic Protsts/Evolution/Atmospheric Methane) JOHANNES H
    Proc. Nati. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 91, pp. 5441-5445, June 1994 Microbiology Methane production in terrestrial arthropods (methanogens/symbiouis/anaerobic protsts/evolution/atmospheric methane) JOHANNES H. P. HACKSTEIN AND CLAUDIUS K. STUMM Department of Microbiology and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Science, Catholic University of Nijmegen, Toernooiveld, NL-6525 ED Nimegen, The Netherlands Communicated by Lynn Margulis, February 1, 1994 (receivedfor review June 22, 1993) ABSTRACT We have screened more than 110 represen- stoppers. For 2-12 hr the arthropods (0.5-50 g fresh weight, tatives of the different taxa of terrsrial arthropods for depending on size and availability of specimens) were incu- methane production in order to obtain additional information bated at room temperature (210C). The detection limit for about the origins of biogenic methane. Methanogenic bacteria methane was in the nmol range, guaranteeing that any occur in the hindguts of nearly all tropical representatives significant methane emission could be detected by gas chro- of millipedes (Diplopoda), cockroaches (Blattaria), termites matography ofgas samples taken at the end ofthe incubation (Isoptera), and scarab beetles (Scarabaeidae), while such meth- period. Under these conditions, all methane-emitting species anogens are absent from 66 other arthropod species investi- produced >100 nmol of methane during the incubation pe- gated. Three types of symbiosis were found: in the first type, riod. All nonproducers failed to produce methane concen- the arthropod's hindgut is colonized by free methanogenic trations higher than the background level (maximum, 10-20 bacteria; in the second type, methanogens are closely associated nmol), even if the incubation time was prolonged and higher with chitinous structures formed by the host's hindgut; the numbers of arthropods were incubated.
    [Show full text]