Towards a Global Partnership for Development the UN and Mexico’S South-South Cooperation

Towards a Global Partnership for Development The UN and Mexico’s South-South Cooperation

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Editorial design: arte i diseño, S. de R.L. de C.V. Printed in México by: Fotolitográfica ARGO S.A. de C.V. Style correction: Ana María Limón

First edition, 2014 Printed in Mexico

For a list of any errors or omissions found subsequent to printing, please visit our website at: www.mx.undp.org Directory

United Nations Development Programme irectory D Marcia de Castro United Nations Resident Coordinator and UNDP Representative in Mexico

María del Carmen Sacasa Deputy Resident Representative

Sebastian Haug Global Affairs and South-South Cooperation Specialist

Paola García Knowledge Management and Capacity Development Advisor

Mexican Agency for International Development Cooperation

Juan Manuel Valle Pereña Executive Director

Bruno Figueroa Fischer Daniela Borbolla Compean General Director General Director for Technical and Scientific Cooperation Planning and Policy Formulation

Contents

Prologues 7 ontents Acknowledgements 11 C

In Numbers: UN Support for Mexico’s South-South Cooperation 14

1. Introduction: South-South Cooperation in a Multipolar World 17

2. Mexico’s Dual Role: Recipient and Provider 21

3. UN Collaboration Framework for Supporting Mexico’s South-South Cooperation 27

4. Strategic Partners in Mexico 31

5. The Geography of Mexico’s South-South Cooperation Supported by the UN 32

6. Dimensions of UN Support for South-South Cooperation: Fostering Development Solutions 36 6.1 Supporting South-South Cooperation Schemes 38 6.2 Facilitating Networks 48 6.3 Systematizing Best Practices 50 6.4 Supporting Institutional and Operational Development for South-South Cooperation 52

7. The UN and Mexico’s South-South Cooperation: Perspectives 55

Acronyms 58

triangular cooperation (SSC and TC) schemes. schemes. TC) and (SSC cooperation triangular and South-South strengthening by particular of international development cooperation, in structure new the in role its increase to pared pre is Mexico context this In development. to international a greatermaking contribution now are countries” “Southern that so (MICs), concentrated Countries in Middle-Income increasingly been has dynamism economic international hand, other the On limitations. and traditional financial donors’ and fiscal Assistance, Development Official of ment tion architecture, reduction the and redeploy mation of global the development coopera transfor the of view in relevant particularly is experience Mexico’s hand, one the One shared. be to knowledge for and toand resources financial becapitalized, technical human, allow that schemes eration coop in background extensive an has Mexico country, recipient and a provider as role dual its In world. the of rest the with en relations strength to as well as development, economic exchanges designed to produce social and supportive favours it which of means by icy Mexico’s of pol foreign instrument essential an is cooperation development International Prologue ------solidarity-based cooperation model that facil that model cooperation solidarity-based and beneficial ahighly is SSC Mexico, For tions tions that aim to both leverage the flow of SSC institu Mexican those and AMEXCID the to advantages technical and operational offers Mexico in UN the with association The on SSC. ship for Development”, emphasizes UN efforts Partner area, “Global DAF’s cooperation sixth UN The Government. Mexican the and (UN) Nations United the between areas operation Framework formalizes co (UNDAF) priority 2019 United Nations Development Assistance 2014- The scope. agreater with cooperation of forms innovative foster to established been have al partnerships responsibility,” strategic glob with a“stakeholder as To Mexico position systems. al coordination inter-institution and registration transparent as well as methodologies solid with results, on focused an administration and planning structured achieving towards working is EXCID AM The efforts. cooperation of coordinator as role its to linked challenge the knowledges 2011, in established (AMEXCID), ac operation Co Development International for Agency Mexican the mechanisms, coordination clear continuously strengthened institutions and developmentrequires cooperation effective As asset. development regional a valuable ences and collective learning, and has become experi of exchange contextualized the itates ------

7 Prologues Towards a Global Partnership for Development • The UN and Mexico’s South-South Cooperation

and TC and expand their related institutional In this context, the AMEXCID is pleased to capacities. With the activities falling under the present –together with the UN in Mexico and “Global Partnership for Development” coop- the United Nations Development Programme eration area, the UN is expected to support (UNDP)– the publication “Towards a Global efforts to increase the scope and visibility of Partnership for Development: The United Mexico’s SSC and, consequently, to strength- Nations and Mexico’s South-South Cooper- en the country’s position as an effective re- ation.” gional and global development actor. This publication is based on collaboration In April 2014 Mexico confirmed its commit- initiatives between Mexican Government agen- ment to global development by hosting the cies and institutions, primarily from the Fed- First High-Level Meeting of the Global Part- eral Government, and the UN to provide more nership for Effective Development Coopera- in-depth knowledge of the role played by the tion (GPEDC) and taking over as Co-Chair of UN specialized agencies, programmes and this innovative and inclusive mechanism. In the funds in support of Mexico’s SSC. The more framework of the GPEDC, Mexico has been general goal is to learn from the whole set of promoting the principles of effective devel- analysed experiences and make proposals to opment cooperation as a useful tool for the strengthen the strategic association between generation of concrete country-level results the Mexican Government and the UN, and thus as well as the implementation of the post-2015 foster Mexico’s SSC and TC. development agenda. Mexico will continue to encourage the participation and inclusion of a Juan Manuel Valle Pereña wide variety of actors and development vi- AMEXCID Executive Director sions, which, in turn, will allow to maximize the impact of development cooperation.

“The partnership with the UN in Mexico offers advantages, both operational and technical, to promote and stimulate the flow of South-South and triangular cooperation.”

8 velopment actor. de akey as international Mexico’s potential to maximize partnership a strategic lishing estab Agreement, Framework a Collaboration signed UNDP 2011 in and tries, AMEXCID the coun emerging in (SSC) cooperation South South- to (UNDP) Programme velopment De Nations United the by given importance the and Mexico’s of leadership recognition In coordinated. and ulated artic being is institutions Government ican dozens Mex of of prestige global and regional benefits the as well as solutions advanced the that from cooperation devolpement Mexico’s (AMEXCID), Cooperation ment Develop International for Agency Mexican cooperation. Under leadership the of the chitecture for international development ar institutional en by building a strategic tak been have direction that in steps Crucial responsibility. global with acountry as Mexico position to aims axis fifth whose Plan, Development tional Na the in embedded is leadership. commitment This international significant ingly increas its to led has challenges, opment devel face to countries Southern by made contribution the highlights chitecture, one ar role in multilateral building an inclusive active Its policy. foreign country’s the of part afundamental is governance global ble Mexico’s in favour equita of commitment Prologue ------Within that framework, we present the the present we framework, that Within tainability and citizen security. citizen and tainability sus environmental inclusion, social as such is priorities, in support Government line with UN’s the of focus thematic the how strates and demon academic It institutions. also entities, judicial Governments, bodies,State to decentralizedministries and autonomous federal from partnerships, collaboration established has UN the which with holders stake of diversity the highlights analysis The institutions. Mexican 30 by led initiatives UN 90 on based is and Mexico in UN’s partners the of voices the reflects also publication The practices. best of systematization the excellence and of centres as such areas, strategic in ment Govern the with work joint for portunities op identifies and in SSC Mexico’s supporting efforts UN’s the into insights provides publication This institutions. by Mexican led initiatives SSC for (UN)’s support Nation United the map to designed process ration tion,” tions and Mexico’s Coopera South-South Na United The Development: for ship publication the result of an inter-agency collabo inter-agency an of result the “Towards a Global Partner “Towards aGlobal ------

9 Prologues Towards a Global Partnership for Development • The UN and Mexico’s South-South Cooperation

Internationally, 2014 has been an important The publication at hand affirms the commit- year for reflecting upon the advances and chal- ment of the Mexican Goverment, UNDP, and lenges of international development cooper- the UN as a whole to promote international ation, by providing spaces for debate such as development cooperation based on the the Global Partnership for Effective Develop- principles of respect, solidarity and horizon- ment Cooperation (GPEDC) that promotes tality and strengthen Mexico as a stakehold- reflection on SSC and aims to help defining er with global responsibility. We are pleased the implementation mechanisms of the to go hand in hand with the AMEXCID in this post-2015 development agenda. Mexico is one effort that represents another step towards of the most influential and active stakehold- consolidating the Mexican international de- ers in this process and, in April 2014, hosted velopment cooperation system. the First High-Level Meeting of the GPEDC. In this line, we hope that the publication at Marcia de Castro hand will not only provide elements for a United Nations Resident Coordinator Mexican reflection on the UN’s role in devel- and UNDP Representative in Mexico opment cooperation but also serve as a key input for regional and global debates on the new development agenda.

“The analysis highlights the diversity of stakeholders with whom the UN has established partnerships and shows how the UN’s support for South-South cooperation is aligned to Government priorities.”

10 South-South cooperation focal points of UN agencies, programmes and funds in Mexico in funds and programmes agencies, UN of points focal cooperation South-South dedication of and work the the like highlight We to would (UNDP). Haug Sebastian and Paola García (UNDP) Network), (Multipolar was Schulz by prepared This Nils-Sjard publication Acknowledgements document: this for information compiling in participated actively and input substantial provided who U nit e P d U an O N nit ffic A ations e m E d e conomic e F N

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fer to the UN entities in Mexico. in entities UN the to fer re to used is agencies term the publication this of purposes For 11 Acknowledgements - Towards a Global Partnership for Development • The UN and Mexico’s South-South Cooperation

We are grateful for the support of the Mexican Agency for International Development Coop- eration (AMEXCID) during the preparation of this publication and thankfully acknowledge the feedback provided by the following institutions:

National Forestry Commission (CONAFOR) • National Population Council (CONAPO) • Mexican Water Technology Institute (IMTA) • National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI) • National Migration Institute (INM) • National Institute for Women (INMUJERES) • Ministry of Health (SALUD) • Ministry of the Interior (SEGOB) • Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (SEMARNAT) • Ministry for Energy (SENER) • Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare (STPS) • Electoral Court of the Federal Judiciary (TEPJF)

“Towards a Global Partnership for Development: The United Nations and Mexico’s South- South Cooperation” is a joint effort bringing together the AMEXCID and the UN in Mexico with a common goal: to strengthen Mexico’s South-South cooperation while underlining the UN’s added value and potential to effectively contribute to national and global development goals.

This publication was made possible through UNDP’s Fund for Country-level Emerging Priorities and Innovation (FCEPI). We would like to thank Michael O’Neill, UN Assistant-Secretary General and Director of UNDP’s Bureau of External Relations and Advocacy (BERA), and Jessica Faieta, UN Assistant-Secretary General and UNDP Regional Director for Latin America and the Caribbe- an, as well as their teams for jointly supporting UNDP Mexico’s work on South-South cooperation.

12 websites: following the visit information general more For For more details about UN initiatives that support support that initiatives UN about details more For see: cooperation Mexico’s South-South www.amexcid.gob.mx http://bit.ly/1kDv58e www.onu.org.mx UN Mexico UN AMEXCID

13 Acknowledgements Towards a Global Partnership for Development • The UN and Mexico’s South-South Cooperation

In Numbers: UN Support foir Mexico’s South-South Cooperation2

Led by 30 Mexican institutions, the UN has supported

South-South cooperation projects and activities, 44 of which: are directed towards Latin America 37 and the Caribbean,

2. The majority of the analyzed initia- focus on Central American tives are currently underway. For and Caribbean countries, and details on the sources used for this 24 publication see the following page. 15 are subregional schemes. In addition, 50 South-South workshops and dialogue forums took place. In total, the UN in Mexico has promoted more than 90 South-South cooperation initiatives.

funds, programmes, specialized agencies and commissions of the UN in Mexico 18 have accompanied these initiatives. 14 INFORMATION SOURCES FOR PREPARING tion

THIS PUBLICATION a er

Following two forums on SSC in September 2013, the UN agencies in Mexico identified oo p the need to collect and systematize their experiences in supporting Mexico’s SSC. Faci- C litated by UNDP and in collaboration with the AMEXCID they started to map their SSC outh

initiatives, based on extensive record cards completed by 18 UN agencies that are S - represented in Mexico and contribute with substantive programmes to the country’s development. In total more than 90 initiatives were shared, of which the vast majority outh

are currently underway. Among those initiatives, 44 SSC projects and activities led S s by 30 Mexican institutions as well as 50 workshops and dialogue forums were ’ registered. To supplement this data, the authors organized a validation workshop with UN agencies as well as a dozen in-depth interviews with representatives of the AMEXCID, exico Mexican ministries and other entities as well as UN agencies in February 2014. The inputs M for collected during this process form the basis for this publication that was made possible by the generous support of the focal points involved. ort pp

The publication reflects the effort to provide a first account of the different ways through u which the UN supports Mexico’s SSC and is one of the first joint country-level analyses of UN SSC activities in the region. Building on this initial exercise, one of the key : UN S challenges for the future lies in the systematic documentation and financial quantifi- cation of SSC initiatives supported by UN agencies. umbers

To access the publication and a detailed list of initiatives go to: N n http://bit.ly/1kDv58e I

1. Introduction:

South-South Cooperation : on in a Multipolar World orld

W 1

st ntroduct i Since the beginning of the 21 century southern realities. A key ingredient for the South’s suc- I countries have been experiencing a sustained cess lies in increasing willingness, commit- ultipolar period of development, allowing hundreds of ment and capacities to promote development M a millions of people to get out of poverty and by States and societies that are more compe- in supporting the consolidation of social and tent, better prepared and increasingly re- economic development foundations on both ceptive for knowledge and experi- national and regional levels. As underlined by ence-based learning. the 2013 Human Development Report published by the United Nations Development This new diversity of development has been ooperation Programme (UNDP), the growing group of accelerated by a rebalancing of the global C Middle-Income Countries (MICs) has benefit- economic system marked by the economic outh

ted from economic growth, greater trading and financial crisis of developed countries -S opportunities, as well as increasingly sophis- since 2008, and by the appearance of a sec- ticated information and communication tech- ond generation of emerging economies outh nologies. which, in the last five years, have extended S beyond the already “traditional” BRICS (Brazil, At the same time, developing countries have Russia, India, China, and South Africa). Coun- been able to articulate and consolidate innova- tries such as Indonesia, Mexico and Turkey tive public policies on a great variety of issues, are now proof of a multipolar world in which from green development and agriculture to the MICs have an accumulated capital of ex- social protection and public finances reform. periences and solutions on how to promote In this context, and in response to structural sustainable human development in such di- weaknesses, Southern governments have verse areas as social protection, transport, made progress on modernizing and strength- public health, natural disaster risk manage- ening their public sectors, with strategies ment, and national statistic systems. adapted to their political and institutional

17 Towards a Global Partnership for Development • The UN and Mexico’s South-South Cooperation

In this dynamic context, South-South coop- global3 and regional4 levels, this publication eration (SSC) has been playing a key role in uses a working definition taken from the Unit- shaping the future of the international devel- ed Nations (UN) High-Level Panel on South- opment system, both in policies and in prac- South Cooperation that refers to South-South tice. While there are various definitions of SSC cooperation for development as in inter-governmental agreements at both

“a process whereby two or more developing countries pursue their individual and/or 3. Paragraphs 5-8 of the Buenos Aires shared national capacity development objectives through exchanges of knowledge, Plan of Action for Promoting and Implementing Technical Coopera- skills, resources and technical know-how, and through regional and interregional collec- tion among Developing Countries tive actions, including partnerships involving Governments, regional organizations, (1978); paragraphs 9-19 of the Final Document of the Nairobi Confer- civil society, academia and the private sector, for their individual and/or mutual benefit ence (2009); section 1 of the Bogota 5 Report “Towards Efficient and In- within and across regions.” clusive Development” (2010); and paragraphs 30-31 of the Busan Part- nership for Effective Development Deeply rooted in the solidarity movement Against this backdrop it is no surprise that Cooperation (2010). of non-aligned countries during the Cold SSC, and in particular knowledge exchange, 4. In particular the definitions in the War and supported by the UN, SSC is expe- has positioned itself as a model of horizon- Ibero-American South-South Coop- eration Reports of the Ibero-Amer- riencing a period of growth thanks to the tal association between Southern countries. ican General Secretariat (since 2008). extensive social and economic progress Its starting point tend to be confidence, eq- 5. Paragraph 9, Framework of Opera- tional Guidelines on United Nations made by developing countries as well as uity and mutual benefit among the partners Support to South-South and Trian- their willingness to share their experiences involved, thus enriching traditional North- gular Cooperation, Note by the Sec- retary-General, SSC/17/3 (2012). and knowledge with partners and peers. South aid relations. While countries have 6. According to Article 4 of Mexico’s Beyond the financial and investment flows maintained their South-South ties for de- International Development Coop- originating from Brazil, China and other cades, and more recently have promoted eration Act (LCID), Triangular Coop- eration is a “cooperation modality countries (particularly oil-producing econ- triangular cooperation (TC) with traditional in association with a bilateral or mul- 6 tilateral traditional source, in order omies), most SSC schemes are focusing on donors, there is a great potential to fully in- to jointly concur in actions in fa- the exchange of knowledge, mutual learn- clude these cooperation modalities in the vour of a third demanding nation at a lower or similar level of relative ing and the transfer of experiences and global development system, particularly de- development.” For purposes of this publication we refer to “UN specialized solutions. Based on their suc- signing and implementing the post-2015 de- support for Mexico’s SSC” in order cessful public policies, emerging econo- velopment agenda. Also, as shown by the to recognize Mexico’s leadership and the evolving role of the UN –be- mies and other MICs representing more following overview, there are a range of ref- yond its status as a multilateral tra- limited markets have become vital sources erence frameworks that guide and reflect ditional source– regarding the development cooperation Mexico of ideas and solutions to promote develop- the significance of SSC within the global de- provides. ment in other countries. velopment agenda.

18 International South-South Cooperation Reference Framework

E BUENOS AIRES PLAN OF ACTION (1978)

The Buenos Aires Plan of Action for Promoting and Implementing Technical Coopera- tion among Developing Countries, a crucial milestone for SSC, was adopted by 138 states on the 12th of September 1978. : on E NAIROBI OUTCOME DOCUMENT (2009) orld

W 1

The Outcome Document of the High-Level United Nations Conference on South-South ntroduct i

Cooperation in Nairobi (2009) underlines the UN’s key role supporting SSC I

through all its funds, programmes, specialized agencies and regional commissions. ultipolar M a

in E UN HIGH-LEVEL COMMITTEE ON SOUTH-SOUTH COOPERATION

The UN High-Level Committee on South-South Cooperation is a subsidiary body of the General Assembly and the main normative entity regarding South-South Cooperation ooperation C within the UN. outh -S E HIGH-LEVEL PANEL ON THE POST-2015 outh

DEVELOPMENT AGENDA S

Within the broader framework of defining the post-2015 development agenda, the High-Level Panel explicitly considers the contribution of South-South cooperation and knowledge exchange to reaching the new development goals, particularly in thematic areas with a clear demand of experiences from Middle Income Countries.

E GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP FOR EFFECTIVE DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION

Stemming from the High-Level Forum in Busan (2011), the Global Partnership for Effec- tive Development Cooperation (GPEDC) reflects a greater attention to South-South cooperation and the proactive role of Middle-Income Countries in global development. The First High-Level Meeting of the GPEDC took place in April 2014 in Mexico

Source: Authors. 19 Towards a Global Partnership for Development • The UN and Mexico’s South-South Cooperation

The publication at hand is embedded in this dynamic global context. It analyses from UN agencies’ support for SSC schemes led by Mexican institutions and identifies elements to improve both the scale and quality of this multilateral effort. Facilitated by UNDP, this process originates from reflections within the UN on mechanisms and methods of collaborating with the Mexican Government in its extensive political, institutional and operational commitment to SSC. In this line, the publication is also part and proof of the close collaboration between UN agencies and the AMEXCID as the governing body of Mexico’s SSC.

20 2. Mexico’s Dual Role: Recipient and Provider : Mexico looks back on a long history as an in- sponsibility” (fifth axis), aimed at “expand- r

ternational development cooperation part- ing and strengthening Mexico’s presence in ole R ner and has implemented multiple pilot proj- the world,” with the AMEXCID as the key ac- ovide

r 2 P ects in order to gradually adapt the country’s tor in the implementation and coordination ual

approach to a changing national and interna- of Mexico‘s international development coop- D s and ’ tional context. Over the last years Mexico’s eration. role as a dual partner has come to the fore- front, reflecting its identity as both a recipi- The publication of the International Develop- exico M ecipient

ent and provider of development coopera- ment Cooperation Act (LCID) in the Official R tion. As one of the most innovative countries Gazette of the Federation in April 2011 was a in building this new identity, Mexico is not milestone as it anticipates the instruments only a pioneer in advanced models for mobi- needed to consolidate Mexico’s policy on the lizing and channelling external sources of de- issue and thus extend the scope and impact velopment financing (on climate change, for of SSC initiatives. Drafted within a consen- example) but has also designed a series of in- sus-based and inclusive consultation process, novative SSC and TC models primarily direct- the LCID establishes the goals,7 principles8 ed towards Latin America and the Caribbean. and guidelines aimed at guaranteeing (1) that SSC complements the countries’ own devel- UN support provided to Mexico’s SSC direct- opment efforts, (2) the self-sustainability of ly responds to the country’s policy priori- development processes, and (3) the involve- ties. In line with Mexico’s 2013-2018 Nation- ment of the recipients of Mexico’s SSC al Development Plan (PND), SSC is a foreign through co-financing and other schemes policy tool for a “Mexico with Global Re- where all stakeholders contribute.

7. The eradication of poverty, unemployment, inequality, and social exclusion; the permanent raising of educational, technical, scientific and cultural standards; the reduction of asymmetries between developed countries and developing countries; the pursuit of environmental protection and the fight against climate change; as well as the strengthening of public security. 8. International solidarity, the defence and promotion of human rights, the strengthening of the rule of law, gender equity, the promotion of sustainable development, transparency and accountability, and the criteria for appropriation, alignment, harmonization, results-oriented management and mutual responsibility. 21 Towards a Global Partnership for Development • The UN and Mexico’s South-South Cooperation

Regarding the institutional framework for Mexico’s international development cooperation, the LCID anticipates the following instruments:

MEXICAN AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION (AMEXCID)

E COORDINATION OF DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION POLICY

The AMEXCID was set up in September 2011 as a decentralized body of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (SRE). Over the course of three years, it has initiated transformation and reengineering processes aimed at responding to both the Act’s provisions and the needs imposed by a continuosly changing national and international context.

INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION PROGRAMME (PROCID)

E BASIS FOR PLANNING AND EXECUTING DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION SCHEMES

The PROCID is the cross-cutting programmatic framework for Mexico’s development cooperation. It applies to several Federal public administration entities, reflecting the fact that Mexico’s development cooperation in general and the successful implementation of cooperation projects in particular depend upon collaboration between minis-

22 : r ole R ovide

r 2 P NATIONAL FUND FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ual D s and

COOPERATION (FONCID) ’

E TRUST FUND FOR SUSTAINABLE exico M DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION ecipient R

The setup of the FONCID will allow to improve the planning of development cooperation projects and increase their impact. It is currently being developed and expected to be set in motion in 2015.

NATIONAL REGISTRY AND INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION (RENCID AND SICID)

E TOOL FOR MONITORING AND REGISTERING DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION

The RENCID and SICID build on previous efforts of the SRE to monitor and register development cooperation, such as the International Cooperation Data System (SICOI) and the Mexican International Development Cooperation Data System (SIMEXID). They will allow to register projects, agreements, partner institutions, monetary va- lues and other data related to Mexico’s development cooperation.

Source: Authors. 23 Towards a Global Partnership for Development • The UN and Mexico’s South-South Cooperation

In this favourable context, the AMEXCID’s role In addition to database on international de- is particularly relevant regarding inter-secto- velopment cooperation, the AMEXCID is con- rial coordination and the support for institu- solidating a methodology to account for tional and operational capacities of ministries human, financial and technical resources in and other Federal entities that as develop- development cooperation. At the same time, ment solutions providers, contribute to how the AMEXCID is implementing an institution- Mexico’s ‘brand’ is perceived abroad. The al capacity building strategy supported by main vehicles and resources of Mexico’s de- partners such as the German International velopment cooperation are sectorial ex- Cooperation Agency (GIZ), JICA, and UNDP. perts from Government institutions offer- Regarding the geographic focus of Mexico’s ing their knowledge, experience and con- SSC, the LCID establishes Central America and textual sensibility for the benefit of other Latin America and the Caribbean priorities. countries in the region. Within this context, the 2012 Catalogue of Mexican Capaci- ties for International Development Coopera- tion, published in collaboration with the Jap- anese International Cooperation Agency (JICA), is the Goverment’s first exercise to gather expertise from various Mexican institutions with great potential and capacity to participate in international development cooperation schemes. The Catalogue covers areas such as environment, education, energy, government and civil society, as well as agriculture, forestry and fisheries.

24 Graph 1 MEXICO’S SOUTH-SOUTH COOPERATION PROJECTS : r

Q Latin America and the Caribbean: 153 ole R ovide

r 2 Q Regional: 18 P Q Asia-Pacífic: 17 ual D s

QAfrica: 1 and

’

Note: In total Mexico provided 212 SSC projects in 2012. exico

Source: AMEXCID’s 2012 internal activities report. M ecipient R

Bilaterally, most projects are designed for ca- With certain countries there has been a shift pacity building and institutional strengthening towards horizontal cooperation programmes, in key sectors of the partner country. Re- where benefits and costs are equally shared. gionally, high-impact projects implemented These bilateral schemes have been particular- under the Mesoamerican Integration and ly relevant in South America and the Asia- Pa- Development Project and those financed by cific region as well as under the umbrella of the Infrastructure Fund for Mesoamerican and programmes in Mesoamerica and Ibero Amer- Caribbean Countries are particularly relevant ica. The Joint Cooperation Funds that Mexico for Mexico’s development cooperation. The has set up with Chile and Uruguay are em- Infrastructure Fund, also known as the “Yu- blematic mechanisms facilitating horizontal catán Agreement,” is a reflection of Mexico’s cooperation. Recently, efforts have been commitment to Latin America. It was an- made to also apply this scheme with Costa nounced in 2001 and officially launched in Rica. In terms of TC Mexico has positioned it- March 2012 as a regional cooperation mech- self as a promoter of debate and reflection anism to finance infrastructure pro- and a strategic partner for the benefit of Lat- grammes and projects and to support tech- in American and Caribbean countries. During nical assistance as well as the commercial 2012 Mexico was involved in 23 triangular exchange of goods and services associated projects, mostly in association with Japan, with infrastructure. Germany, Spain, and South Korea.

25 Towards a Global Partnership for Development • The UN and Mexico’s South-South Cooperation

Different factors determine the role Mexico 2012. Mexico’s active engagement with in- has assumed as a bridge and facilitator in the ternational development cooperation and debate on the global development coopera- the post-2015 development agenda has tion architecture. It is essential to acknowledge been reflected discussions in the frame- the variety of Mexico’s roles as provider and work of the OEDC and the UN, particularly recipient, its identity as a MIC, as well as its in the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), membership in the Organization for Economic and the Ibero-American Summit. In the Co-operation and Development (OECD), and context of the Global Partnership for Effec- specifically, as an observer on the organi- tive Development Cooperation (GPEDC), zation’s Development Assistance Committee Mexico is leading the debate on SSC and TC as (DAC). well as the role of MICs in the changing international development cooperation land- Finally, Mexico has also promoted capacity scape. In April 2014 Mexico hosted the First building and knowledge exchange in the High-Level Meeting of the GPEDC and took framework of the Group of 20 (G20) develop- over as one of its Co-Chairs. ment agenda, during its G20 presidency in

26 3. UN Collaboration Framework

for Supporting Mexico’s South-South Cooperation ion t ion t orting era p era pp 3 mework p u a oo S

The 2014-2019 United Nations Development Particularly UNDP already has a history of sup- r

oo C Assistance Framework (UNDAF) establishes porting Mexican SSC capabilities. The Collab- F h C for t h

the basis for the joint work of the UN and the oration Framework Agreement, signed in 2011 t tion ou a S Government of Mexico and responds specif- between the Government of Mexico and UNDP, ou - S h ically to the country’s development chal- aims to ensure synergies between Mexico as - t bor h t mework a

lenges. Via its cooperation area VI “Global an international development partner and ou a r ou S Partnership for Development” the UNDAF UNDP’s national, regional and global pro- oll F s

S ’ s highlights the UN’s willingness to contribute grammes. ’

to Mexico’s responsible and proactive role on tion UN C exico a exico

the international level. Specifically, accord- M bor ing to effect 13 of the UNDAF, “the Mexican M a

Government will have strengthened its posi- for oll

tion as an effective regional and global de- C velopment partner for which it will have consolidated a pertinent international coopera- UN tion platform.”

In addition to the UNDAF, various UN agencies also have SSC reference frameworks established by their headquarters and regional offices( see Graph 2). These general frameworks provide multiple opportunities to ensure that regional and global SSC guidelines can be translated into national strategies adapted to the country’s priorities, above all those in line with the UNDAF.

UNDP: Signature of the AMEXCID-UNDP Cooperation Programme (Mexico City, March 2013).

27 Towards a Global Partnership for Development • The UN and Mexico’s South-South Cooperation

Graph 2 SOUTH-SOUTH COOPERATION STRATEGIES AND FRAMEWORKS OF DIFFERENT UN AGENCIES

ECLAC: Based on resolutions adopted in 2004, ECLAC’s Regulatory and Operational South-South Cooperation Frameworks seek to raise the profile of SSC in the Commission’s strategic and operational work, and to support the direct link between supply of and demand for development solutions in Latin America and the Caribbean. UNICEF: In 2011 UNICEF headquarters published a Programme Guidance Note on South-South Cooperation that pays special attention to the role of Middle Income Countries. The document is used as a central reference in the 2014-2018 UNICEF Mexico Country Programme. UNFPA: Adopted in 1997 and updated in 2010, UNFPA’s South-South Cooperation Strategy became the starting point for the SSC strategy of its regional office for Latin America and the Caribbean in 2012. In both cases UNFPA defines its position as a broker between demand for and supply of development solutions. ILO: Adopted in 2012, ILO’s strategy “South-South Cooperation and Triangular Cooperation: The Way For- ward” anticipates, inter alia, promoting the exchange of knowledge fo cused on decent work and improving operational capacities to implement SSC schemes. UNDP: The Collaboration Framework Agreement signed with the Government of Mexico in 2011 provides the basis for UNDP’s support in strengthening institutional capacities of the AMEXCID, identifying Mexican centres of excellence, and promoting Mexico’s active participation in multilateral development dialogues.

Note: “Global Partnership for Development” is the cooperation area VI in the 2014-2019 UNDAF. Source: Authors. 28 The Agreement is now also the framework for In June 2013, the UN agencies in Mexico iden- more consistent collaboration with a view to tified UNDP as the lead agency on SSC. In this

strengthen Mexico as an international devel- context, UNDP started mapping Mexican SSC ion

opment partner. The AMEXCID-UNDP Coop- initiatives supported by UN agencies and, in t ion t eration Programme, a joint capacity build- February 2014, convened the first meeting of orting era p era pp 3 ing project set up under the Agreement, the UN Inter-agency Group on SSC. In collabo- mework p u a oo S r includes support for systematizing good ration with the AMEXCID the Inter-agency oo C F h practices and strengthening centres of excel- Group will offer a space to coordinate the con- C for t h

lence. Since UNDP has signed similar agree- tributions of UN agencies to Mexico’s SSC. t tion ou a S ou

ments with six other emerging economies - S h - t bor

(Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, South Africa h t mework a ou and Turkey), there are many opportunities for a r ou S oll F a fluid and constant dialogue between the s

S ’ s AMEXCID and development cooperation agen- ’ tion UN C

cies of other countries supported by UNDP. exico a exico M bor M a for UN Mexico: Inter-agency Group on South-South Cooperation oll (Mexico City, February 2014). C UN

29 Towards a Global Partnership for Development • The UN and Mexico’s South-South Cooperation

The South-South cooperation initiatives supported by the UN are linked to the

areas of the 2014-2019 United Nations Development Assistance Framework 6 (UNDAF) in Mexico:

• UN • IOM DP • U C NI LA DO EC BITAT • UNDP • -HA UNE UN SC • O O • U H N W F / P O A H • A U P N • I O C E A F F

• UNDP • U AO NE IC P

BITAT • UN Wome -HA n • U UN NH • CR R • CH U H N NDP O IC U E • F A H • C U N O O • D M C O I

T • UN Wom ABITA en • U N-H ND • U P • O UN H EP /W • O U H N A E P S • C R O H • C U H N F O • P A A • H U C N

O H •

M R

O •

•

C L

I E

•

O •

U A

C N

D •

O O

•

D L

C C E

30 4. Strategic Partners in Mexico

Graph 3 THE UN’S STRATEGIC PARTNERS IN MEXICO FOR SOUTH-SOUTH COOPERATION INITIATIVES

Q Decentralized and autonomous bodies : 13 Q Ministries: 10 Q Academic institutions : 3 exico QState Governments : 2 4

Q Judiciary: 2 in

Note: This graph refers to the 44 SSC projects and activities (see Chapter 6).

Source: Authors. rtners a P tegic a tr

UN SUPPORT FROM THE PERSPECTIVE S OF MEXICAN PARTNERS

The process of preparing this publication included a consultation process with representatives from several Mexican institutions. The meetings and interviews brought to light the extensive record of entities such as the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI), the Minis- tries of Health and Environment, and the Electoral Tribunal of the Judicial Power of the Fede- ration (TEPJF) regarding their regular exchanges with counterparts in other countries. In many cases, their SSC trajectories began over 15 years ago. Among the current challenges these Mexi- can institutions face are sectorial strategic planning, access to financing and coordination, both within the Government and with bilateral and multilateral agencies. At the sectorial level multilateral support is perceived as part of a natural alliance, anchored in historic relationships of joint work on specific development issues.

Mexican stakeholders perceive a range of advantages from UN agencies SSC support, including institutional and operational capacity development: mobilization and expansion of networks and regional dialogue spaces; the possibility of receiving logistical support in other countries; and the deft handling of financial resources. Looking ahead, Mexican institutions expect UN agencies to collaborate in the growing scale of SSC, accompanying the establishment of centres of excellence, ensuring a better flow of information and supporting results-based management in Mexico’s international development cooperation.

31 Towards a Global Partnership for Development • The UN and Mexico’s South-South Cooperation

5. The Geography of Mexico’s South-South Cooperation Supported by the UN

Most partners of Mexico’s UN-supported sustainability (CONAFOR, together with South-South cooperation schemes are coun- UNDP). tries in the region. Of the 44 analysed projects and activities, 37 are directed towards As for bilateral projects, two have been de- Latin America and the Caribbean, 24 focus veloped with Haiti (supported by ECLAC, on Central America and the Caribbean and together with the College of Mexico and IN- 15 are sub-regional. At the same time, initia- EGI, respectively); two with Nicaragua (Min- tives have also been undertaken with coun- istry of Agriculture, Livestock, Rural Devel- tries in Africa and Asia. opment, Fisheries and Food, SAGARPA, supported by FAO); with the Dominican Repub- Mexico’s international development coopera- lic (Ministry of the Interior, SEGOB, together tion has focused mainly on the Mesoamerican with UNDP and UNODC); and with Hondu- region. In this line, UN support for Meso- ras and Panama (in each country, one initia- american programmes and strategies on the tive of the Ministry of the Environment and following topics has been particularly rele- Natural Resources, SEMARNAT, supported vant: monitoring and evaluating compliance by the United Nations Envitonment Pro- with the Millennium Development Goals gramme, UNEP). (AMEXCID, supported by UNDP); road safety (Ministry of Health, supported by PAHO/WHO); food security (AMEXCID, in collaboration with FAO); assistance to vulnerable migrants (Min- istry for the Development of the Southern Border of the Chiapas State Government, with support from the international Organiza- tion for Migration, IOM); and environmental

32 Graph 4 GEOGRAPHIC FOCUS N U t ion

the 5

oopera C t h ou upported S - S t h ou S s ’ exico M of

raphy g eo G he T

Note: Countries in blue are part of at least one UN-supported SSC initiative that has been initiated by or includes Mexico. Mesoamerica (small blue circle) as well as Central America and the Caribbean (bigger blue circle) are geographic priorities of Mexico’s UN-supported SSC schemes. Source: Authors. 33 Towards a Global Partnership for Development • The UN and Mexico’s South-South Cooperation

14 projects and activities have focused on Finally, it is worth noting that most initiatives wider geographical areas in Latin America supported by UN agencies involve several and the Caribbean. Of those ten include the countries, often with a distinctly subregional whole region and two relate to specific character, in both Central and South America. groups of South American countries. The Ibe- Without underestimating their valuable contri- ro-American area plays a role in a range of butions to bilateral relations, this concentra- projects and activities, such as the fight against tion on multi-country projects and activities human trafficking and migrant smuggling appears to be in line with the potential of (Ministry of Foreign Affairs, SRE, with UNO- many UN agencies to simultaneously mobilize DC), and the Forums on Migration and Devel- and facilitate exchanges between different opment (AMEXCID with UNHCR) as well as governments, through coordination with oth- Habitat (Centre for Housing and Urban Studies, er country offices and facilitation by re- CENVI, with UN-HABITAT). Brazil and Colombia gional offices (see Graph 6). This aspect of the are partners in bilateral projects in South UN’s contribution has the potential to effec- America promoted, among others, by UNICEF tively complement the strong concentration (Seguro Popular 9) and UNFPA (local planning, of Mexico’s development cooperation on bilat- with the Puebla State Government). eral and triangular projects (92% of the total of 212 projects in 2012, see chapter 2), in order Besides two global projects led by UN-HABITAT to increase the weight of regional and multi- to promote exchange between cities on eco- country schemes. nomic development and public safety, the UN has also contributed to SSC projects and activities with countries in other regions. This is reflected in the work of UNICEF to coordinate missions and visits of delegations from China (the Ministry of Health on restructuring the health sector), Vietnam (the AMEXCID and other institutions on protecting ethnic mi- norities) and Morocco (the National Council for the Evaluation of Social Development Pol- icy, CONEVAL, on measuring multidimension- al poverty).

9. Seguro Popular is Mexico’s public health insurance scheme. 34 Graph 5 REGIONAL AND SUBREGIONAL OFFICES OF UN AGENCIES

Washington • USA PAHO/WHO N U t ion

the 5

oopera C t h

Mexico City • MEXICO ou upported S - ECLAC, ICAO, UNIDO S t h San Jose • COSTA RICA ou IOM S s ’

Panama City • PANAMA FAO, OHCHR, UN Women, exico

UNDP, UNEP, UNFPA, UNICEF M of

Lima • PERU

ILO raphy g eo G he T Rio de Janeiro • BRAZIL UN-HABITAT

Santiago de Chile • CHILE ECLAC, FAO, UNESCO

Source: Authors. 35 Towards a Global Partnership for Development • The UN and Mexico’s South-South Cooperation

6. Dimensions of UN Support for South-South Cooperation: Fostering Development Solutions

Support from UN agencies for SSC refers to actions that promote, facilitate and catalyse SSC schemes led by developing countries. This type of support has been focusing on technical aspects, a task mostly undertaken by multilateral organizations offering services and resources to member countries. For this publication four key dimensions of multilateral support –particularly relevant for UN SCC support have been identified (see Graph 6).

UNICEF: Signature of the Cooperation Agreement between UNICEF, ProMéxico and the AMEXCID for the setup of a project on recruiting potential suppliers on both national and regional levels (Mexico City, August 2012).

UN Women: Signature of the Memorandum of Understanding on gender statistic and indicators between SRE, INEGI, INMUJERES and UN Women (Mexico City, November 2013). See http://saladeprensa.sre.gob.mx/index.php/comunicados/3404-444

36 Graph 6 DIMENSIONS OF UN SUPPORT FOR COUNTRY-LED :

SOUTH-SOUTH COOPERATION da ions t gen 6 A olu S t ooperation C men p th u o evelopment S - D evelo th

1 2 D u the g

Supporting SSC schemes Facilitating Networks in

S erin

Includes technical and/or financial collaboration Refers to establishing and fostering networks t for

of UN agencies regarding (A) projects, (B) regional and communities of institutions and individuals, os

schemes, (C) one-off activities and (D) workshops and may consist of connecting the demand for F and forums, all led by partner governments. and supply of knowledge between countries olutions pport

(brokering). S u N S U ostering of F

imensions 3 4 D Systematizing best practices Supporting institutional and Related to knowledge management, this refers operational development for SSC to mapping, documenting and preparing success- Consists of contributing resources and strategies ful policies and practices in order for them to be to develop institutional and operational arrange- shared with or transferred to other countries. ments of Government entities implementing SSC (including development cooperation agencies and departments of ministries), in areas such as planning, monitoring and evaluation, designing cooperation modalities, and human resources management.

Source: Authors. 37 Towards a Global Partnership for Development • The UN and Mexico’s South-South Cooperation

6.1 Supporting South-South Cooperation Schemes

A. Projects

The mapping exercise that provides the basis World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO) for this publication(see page 14) identified 22 and UNDP with two projects each. The UN SSC projects directly supported by UN agen- High Commissioner for Human Rights cies. The United Nations Food and Agricul- (OHCHR), the International Labour Organiza- ture Organization (FAO) has used this modali- tion (ILO), the United Nations Office on Drugs ty extensively with a total of five projects, fol- and Crime (UNODC), the United Nations Edu- lowed by the Programme of the United Na- cational, Scientific and Cultural Organization tions for Human Settlements (UN-HABITAT) (UNESCO), the United Nations Population with three, and the Economic Commission Fund (UNFPA) and the United Nations Fund for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), for Children (UNICEF) have each developed the Pan-American Health Organization/ one project.

Graph 7 TYPES OF DIRECT UN SUPPORT FOR MEXICO’S SOUTH-SOUTH COOPERATION

Q Forums and workshops: 50 Q Projects: 22 Q Regional schemes: 11 Q One-off activities: 11

Note: Overall 94 initiatives were registered. Source: Authors.

38 UNODC: Presentation of the project “Promoting cooperation between Mexico and Central America to prevent and combat the illegal trafficking of migrants” (Mexico City, April 2013). : da ions t gen 6 A olu S t FAO AND UNDP - NATIONAL FORESTRY ooperation C men p COMMISSION (CONAFOR) th u o evelopment S - D Implemented by the National Forestry Commission (CONAFOR) with support from UNDP and evelo th D

FAO, a major component of the project “Strengthening the preparation process of REDD+ in u the g Fostering Development o

Mexico and promoting South-South cooperation” focuses on experience sharing and SSC with in

Solutions S countries in Central America to develop their National Monitoring, Reporting and Verification erin t for

Systems. In this line, and in coordination with the AMEXCID, collaboration has been promoted os with the Central American Integration System (SICA) and Colombia, particularly regarding F olutions

the development of the Mesoamerican Environmental Sustainability Strategy that is part of pport S the Mesoamerica Project. As central component of a broader SSC strategy, the project aims u

at contributing to the development of a Virtual Centre of Excellence dedicated to forest mo- N S nitoring, training workshops, experience and knowledge exchange, interagency agreements U ostering of F and specialized technical assistance shared among countries in the region. Set up for a duration of four years, the project has a SSC budget provided by the Government of Norway. imensions D

FAO - NATIONAL FISHERIES INSTITUTE (INAPESCA)

An example of a bilateral project is FAO’s support for restructuring lobster dive fishing in Nica- ragua, involving experts from Government authorities and fishermen from both countries. This ongoing intervention has allowed to engage with other Mexican institutions, including the National Water Commission (CONAGUA) and the Mexican Institute of Water Technology (IMTA).

39 Towards a Global Partnership for Development • The UN and Mexico’s South-South Cooperation

OHCHR - JUDICIARY

The OHCHR focuses its efforts on reproducing Mexico’s consolidated experience in the process of implementing the methodological framework on human rights indicators in the judiciary branches of Paraguay, Ecuador, Bolivia and Brazil. The publication “Constructing Human Rights Indicators: Regional Experiences” summarizes this experience and was launched in 2013 both at the Human Rights Council in Geneva and, through Mexico’s SRE, during the ECOSOC meeting in New York. The successful processes of monitoring the right to fair trial in Mexico’s Federal District as well as the States of Nayarit and Tamaulipas will be replicated across the country, thanks to the leadership of the National Superior Tribunals Commission. On the federal level a similar process has been initiated with the National Supreme Court and the Federal Judi- ciary Council. The above-mentioned methodology has also informed the monitoring of rights foreseen under the San Salvador Protocol, in the framework of the Inter-American Human Rights System.

“South-South collaboration between the Haitian Institute of Statistics and Informatics, ECLAC and INEGI aims to develop indicators for economic conditions in Haiti and serve as a statistical tool to track changes in the economic sector. We believe that this initiative allows the country, the authorities and other institutional stakeholders to make quick decisions based on direct access to information on how the economy evolves.”

Randolph Gilbert Coordinator and Haiti Focal Point, ECLAC

40 : da ions t gen 6 A olu S t ooperation C men p th u o evelopment S - D evelo th D u the g

o in

S erin t for

os F olutions pport S u N S U ostering of F

imensions D

ECLAC: Visit to the State of Zacatecas in the framework of a project with Haiti and the Colegio de México on the experience of the remittances programme “3x1” (Zacatecas, April 2013).

41 Towards a Global Partnership for Development • The UN and Mexico’s South-South Cooperation

B. Regional Schemes

A second form of direct SSC support consists as well as by the UN High Commissioner for of regional cooperation schemes provided or Refugees (UNHCR), the International Civil facilitated by the UN that contain a SSC com- Aviation Organization (ICAO), IOM, PAHO/ ponent, for example facilitating exchanges WHO, the UN Entity for Gender Equality and and technical cooperation between various the Empowerment of Women (UN Women), participating Government institutions. In this UNDP and UNESCO. category overall 11 initiatives were reported –by UNEP and UNODC (two initiatives each)

UN WOMEN - NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS AND GEOGRAPHY (INEGI) - NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR WOMEN (INMUJERES)

Initiated fifteen years ago, the tripartite collaboration between UN Women, the National Women’s Institute (INMUJERES) and INEGI focuses on gender statistics to support public policies aimed at achieving equality between women and men. From 2006 onwards, this continuing effort has led to inter-institutional collaboration providing input to national exchanges in the framework of the ECLAC Statistical Conference of the Americas (CEA). The programme activities of the CEA Working Group on Gender Statistics, chaired by INEGI, have been of particular relevance, with ECLAC’S Division for Gender Affairs in charge of the technical secretariat and INMUJERES and UN Women providing technical assistance. This cooperation modality has allowed the systematization of experiences and the horizontal transfer of best practices on gender statistics (mainly on time use and unpaid work, violence against women and poverty measurement). In late 2013 the SRE joined this partnership by signing a Memorandum of Understanding that formalizes and strengthens Mexico’s SSC on gender statistics.

42 :

OIM - MINISTRY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF da ions

THE SOUTHERN BORDER (CHIAPAS) t gen 6 A olu

The objective of the “Regional Capacity Building Programme for the Protection of and Assistan- S t ce to Vulnerable Migrants in Mesoamerica” is to strengthen capacities to protect and assist ooperation C vulnerable migrants, through both (1) direct assistance tools with capacity building sessions men p th directed at migration officials, border police, civil society organizations (CSOs) and shelters, u o evelopment S

and (2) improving the in-kind attention capacities. The Programme responds to necessities and - D evelo

objectives identified by the Regional Migration Conference and brings together seven countries: th D u the g

Panama, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Honduras, Guatemala and Mexico. At the same o in

time the Programme supports the improvement and harmonization of best practices regar- erin t

ding migrant services through organizing the Tapachula-San Marcos trans-border forums; for

os creating spaces for strengthening networks; and holding regional workshops. F olutions pport S u N S U ostering of F

UNESCO - MINISTRY OF PUBLIC EDUCATION (SEP)

In the framework of the Regional Teachers Strategy UNESCO and the Ministry of Public Edu- imensions

cation (SEP) have actively collaborated on knowledge development, based on the experience D of countries in Latin America and the Caribbean. In order to consolidate the goals formulated under the Quality Education for All umbrella, both parties aim to generate input and best practices that provide a platform for the design and implementation of education programmes. In this line, UNESCO and the SEP have set up the necessary conditions for an exchange between Ministers of Education in the region and other relevant stakeholders. This exchange informs Latin America and the Caribbean’s Post-2015 Education Agenda that accounts for the region’s education-related challenges and tackles topics like citizenship and culture of peace education.

43 Towards a Global Partnership for Development • The UN and Mexico’s South-South Cooperation

FAO - MEXICAN AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION (AMEXCID)

Signed in May 2014 between FAO and the AMEXCID, “Mesoamerica Without Hunger” aims to foster food and nutrition security in the Mesoamerica region as a complement to the cooperation between member states (Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua and Panama). Its main goal is to widen and strengthen member state capacities and to help establish conditions that allow projects to provide concrete benefits for the societies in question. For the implementation of this regional initiative the AMEXCID has established a cooperation framework with the regional offices of six UN agencies: FAO, PAHO/WHO, UN Women, UNDP, UNICEF and the World Food Programme. Together, these agencies have suggested that “Mesoamerica Without Hunger” should prio- ritize the following four areas of action: (i) Political commitment and governance of food and nutrition security; (ii) appropriate nutrition; (iii) strengthening of family farming; and (iv) re- ducing vulnerabilities. Based on this multi-agency agreement, FAO and the AMEXCID have signed a Cooperation Framework Agreement that aims to support the design and implementation of projects on both national and Mesoamerican levels focusing on public policy in the fields of food and nutrition security, family farming and rural poverty.

44 C. One-Off Activities

In addition to projects and regional coop- and capacity-building missions. In this cate- : da

eration schemes, the UN supports Mexi- gory 11 initiatives –in particular supported ions t co’s South-South cooperation also by by UNDP, UNEP, UNICEF and UNODC– have gen 6 A means of one-off activities such as exchange been identified. olu S t ooperation

“UNDP’s effort to establish a platform for exchange of experience and knowledge C men p th

between electoral management bodies (EMBs) in Tanzania and Mexico will have a u o crucial impact on democratic reform at both EMB and country levels. (...) The more evelopment S - D EMBs cooperate and exchange experiences and knowledge the more their skills are evelo th D u the g

enhanced and they become more resilient and efficient in executing their mandates.“ o in

S erin

Jecha Salim Jecha t for

Chairman, Electoral Commission of Zanzibar, Tanzania os F olutions pport S u N S U ostering of F

imensions D

UNDP: Exchange between the electoral management bodies of Mexico and Tanzania (Tanzania, February 2014).

45 Towards a Global Partnership for Development • The UN and Mexico’s South-South Cooperation

UNICEF: Exchange between CONEVAL and the National Human Development Observatory of Morocco (Morocco, May 2012).

“UNICEF has facilitated South-South collaboration between Morocco and Mexico in the area of social development in favour of vulnerable populations including children. This project is very relevant for the National Human Development Observatory (ONDH) since its goal is to establish cooperation between ONDH, CONEVAL and UNICEF in evaluating social development programmes, identifying poverty measurements, and exchanging experiences and experts in the area of social development. ONDH wishes to continue collaborating with CONEVAL and UNICEF to improve the situation of people in poverty conditions in both countries.”

Rachid Benmokhtar Benabdellah ONDH President, Morocco

46 D. Forums and Workshops

Complementing their direct support to SSC, : da

UN agencies facilitate and/or accompany re- ions t gional and global forums and workshops in gen 6 A which the Mexican Government has played a olu S t leading role. For this publication 50 SSC forums ooperation and workshops supported by UN agencies in C UNICEF: men p Mexico were reported. Institutions with highly First Regional Meeting on Child- th u

hood and Adolescence Indicators o specialized expertise such as the INEGI and the evelopment (Mexico City, September 2011). S - D TEPFJ indicate that they participate in some evelo th D u the

80 regional and global dialogue events each g

o in

year. At times these forums lead to further seen in UNHCR’s contributions to the Regional S erin bilateral or multi-country partnerships to ex- Migration Conferences, and in the role of PAHO t for change experience in a more structured way. /WHO regarding dialogue spaces on health. os F In addition, multilateral agencies often play Both organizations contribute with contacts, olutions pport a role of input suppliers or brokers that allow knowledge and strategic contents to these S u the discussions to continue beyond one-off forums that have the potential to propel long- exchanges. This form of cooperation can be term action plans with SSC components. N S U ostering of F

PNUD: Closing Session of the First High-Level Meeting of the Global Partnership for Effective Development Cooperation, imensions

hosted by the Mexican Government through the AMEXCID (Mexico City, April 2014). D

47 Towards a Global Partnership for Development • The UN and Mexico’s South-South Cooperation

6.2 Facilitating Networks

In addition to direct SSC support, the UN facil- tions from certain countries and connect itates networks to strengthen knowledge them with the demand of others. In both sharing and link supply and demand. UNEP cases, facilities are provided by the agency’s and UNFPA have established two key exam- regional office while the office in Mexico en- ples of structured platforms that collect solu- dorses a liaison role.

UNEP - REGATTA

Since 2011, the UNEP REGATTA programme connects key institutions and centres of excellence for climate change in areas such as agriculture, energy, transport and climate financing. 23 specialized Mexican institutions are involved in the REGATTA programme, mainly representing Federal Government institutes, research centres and CSOs.

UNFPA - SOUTH-SOUTH COOPERATION PLATFORM

UNFPA recently launched a regional platform for SSC on issues related to population policies. In this framework –and in line with what it has done with other development cooperation agencies in Latin America– UNFPA seeks to sign a Memorandum of Understanding with the AMEXCID in order to allow Mexico to strategically contribute to and benefit from the platform. This would allow the coordinated participation of specialized Mexican entities in this area, such as the National Population Council (CONAPO) and State Governments.

48 “UNFPA’s South-South cooperation platform is an important tool that helps countries to get familiar with each other and identify both the good experiences that all of our

countries have as well as the challenges we are still facing in the region. In one : da

way or another, the platform will thus contribute to closing gaps and supporting ions t local development.“ gen 6 A Karin Kramer olu S t Presidential Agency for International Cooperation of Colombia ooperation C men p th u o evelopment S - D evelo th D u the g

o in

S erin t for

os F olutions pport S u N S U ostering of F

imensions D

UNFPA: First Regional Capacity-Building Workshop on South-South Cooperation (Panama, April 2013). 49 Towards a Global Partnership for Development • The UN and Mexico’s South-South Cooperation

6.3 Systematizing Best Practices

Graph 8 OPPORTUNITIES FOR SYSTEMATIZING BEST PRACTICES

National Institute for Women (INMUJERES): Advances in women’s political participation; budgets with gender focus; the production and analysis of information on violence Mexican Agency for International against women and femicide. National Migration Institute Development Cooperation (INM): (AMEXCID): Experiences of Beta Groups on Advances in the humanitarian Humanitarian Assistance to Migrants. assistance architecture

Ministry of Public Administration (SFP): Designing corporate integrity incentives in the fight against corruption.

National Statistics Ministry of Labour and Geography Institute and Social Welfare (INEGI): (STPS): Surveys on victimization Experiences of the System and crime classification. for Integrated Measurement and Productivity Improvement.

Centre for Housing and Urban Studies (CENVI): National Population Council Capacities of urban communities, (CONAPO): through an Ibero-American forum. Experiences and solutions concerning population policies and practices.

Electoral Court of the Federal Judiciary (TEPJF): Electoral justice experiences. Source: Authors. 50 Knowledge management and the generation experts and Government officials who are of best practices are crucial prerequisites and available and capable of sharing the country’s the foundation for SSC. Clearly identified and development solutions. On the other hand, : da

systematized development solutions ready to however, systematizing experiences may ions t be transferred are key for engaging in mean- lead to better results-based management gen 6 A ingful SSC schemes with partners and peers based on more formal knowledge-transfer olu S t in other countries. The process of turning an methodologies. The UN has the necessary in- ooperation implicit experience (related to individual) struments and capacities to become a key C men p into explicit knowledge (documented and support for systematization processes, build- th u o ready to be shared, independent of individ- ing on both its sectorial-thematic networks evelopment S - D ual experience) is a central challenge for SSC. as well as relevant experience and reputation evelo th D u On the one hand, the desire to make SSC to guarantee the quality of best practices the g

o in

grow may clash with the limited number of identified by the Government. S erin t for

“The advice and experience transferred by Mexico’s Integrated Measurement and F

Productivity Improvement System (SIMAPRO) through the ILO in Mexico helped us to olutions pport S

adapt it quickly to the Chilean context, and to avoid making the same mistakes, in u spite of the fact that we adapted Mexico’s experience to another sector: fruit. Being N S part of the regional network on the issue keeps us up to date, provides a great oppor- U ostering

tunity to incorporate and share best practices, and, above all, serves as an effective of F

communication mechanism on innovation.” Rodrigo López General Manager

of the Fruit Export Training Institute of Chile imensions D

“Mexico’s experience with the Integrated Measurement and Productivity Improvement System (SIMAPRO) in the sugar industry allowed us to easily assimilate it as we were dealing with a similar context. The flexibility of the methodology also allowed us to focus on aspects that could be more easily integrated into our work – particularly its philosophy: the social dialogue on improving productivity and working conditions.“

Juan Wright Noé Nerio Council President of the El Angel Secretary-General, El Angel Sugar Mill, El Salvador Sugar Mill Labour Union

51 Towards a Global Partnership for Development • The UN and Mexico’s South-South Cooperation

6.4 Supporting Institutional and Operational Development for South-South Cooperation

Regarding the UN’s support for institutional development for SSC, a couple of agencies are already working with Mexican Government entities on their SSC capacity. Embedded in the 2011 Collaboration Framework Agreement, the joint project between the AMEXCID and UNDP aims at strengthening the Agency’s institutional capacity and consists of three components:

1) Strengthening the AMEXCID’s immediate institutional capacity by supporting the implementation of the RENCID, the national registry system that re- cords relevant aspects of Mexico’s international development cooperation; 2) Identifying Mexican institutions with widely recognized experience on the transfer of knowledge and practice to strengthen them as centres of excellence for international development cooperation, based on UNDP’s experience in countries such as Brazil, Singapore and Turkey; and 3) Systematizing best practices and public policies to facilitate strategic knowledge transfer.

UNDP: Conference on South-South cooperation with representatives from the AMEXCID, the UN, civil society and development cooperation agencies (Mexico City, September 2013). 52 : da ions t gen 6 A olu S t ooperation C men p th u o evelopment S - D evelo th

UNODC: First meeting of the Working Group on Security and Criminal Justice Statistics in the framework of D u the g

the ECLAC Statistics Commission of the Americas, organized by the INEGI-UNODC Centre of Excellence o

(Mexico City, August 2013). in

S erin t for

“The efforts of the Centre of Excellence to implement this meeting exemplify its F work on strengthening country capacities regarding victimization surveys.” olutions pport S u Salomé Flores Sierra Franzoni N S

Coordinator, INEGI-UNODC Centre of Excellence U ostering of F

imensions

UNODC - NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS D AND GEOGRAPHY (INEGI)

A flagship example for UN support to the institutional setup for SSC is the collaboration between UNODC and the INEGI, where the latter hosts the joint “Centre of excellence on government statistics, public security, victimization and justice”. This initiative is consolidating the INEGI’s role as a provider of practical solutions on a regional-level in areas such as victimization surveys as well as security and criminal justice statistics. In this line, the Centre has an immediate impact on the Institute’s capacities to articulate and lead associations with peers from other countries.

53 Towards a Global Partnership for Development • The UN and Mexico’s South-South Cooperation

PAHO/WHO - COLLABORATING CENTRES

In 2013 PAHO/WHO launched a network of collaborating centres with nine Mexican institutions based on the historic cooperation with Mexico’s health science and research entities. These centres usually lead and contribute to research initiatives and best practices shared with institutions in other countries in Latin America and beyond.

“PAHO/WHO’s support allows us to share knowledge and methodological tools to connect scientific knowledge with the development of policies and programmes. The concrete expression of this support is reflected in both one-off support initiatives to other countries and the creation of networks on specific issues such as climate change or atmospheric contamination.”

Dr. Horacio Riojas Rodríguez Director of Environmental Health PAHO/WHO Collaboration Centre on Environmental Epidemiology National Public Health Institute

54 7. The UN and Mexico’s South-South Cooperation:

Perspectives : ives t tion a

ec 7 p er Emerging economies and other MICs are the new global development goals that are ers currently devoting considerable efforts to currently being defined in the framework of P p coo strengthening their institutional and opera- the post-2015 agenda, as well as new ways of tional capacities in order to implement interna- doing development cooperation that are ex- outh S

tional development cooperation with greater amined in the framework of international - scope and impact. As an emblematic example platforms such as the GPEDC. Mexico is in a

of this commitment, the Mexican Government favourable position to help design mecha- outh S

is assuming a proactive and responsible lead- nisms and contents adapted to the opportu- s ’ ership on both regional and global levels, in the nities of a multipolar world which, in turn, midst of a development system in full trans- would allow to improve the country’s capaci- exico formation. Multiple initiatives and ongoing ties to deal with extensive pending challeng- M processes aiming to lay the foundations for es on the domestic level, in areas such as in- d n

Mexico’s SSC architecture reflect this commit- equality, green growth and social protection. a ment. Mexico’s willingness to assume leadership originates directly from the country’s In this context, the UN agencies’ support for UN he identity as a dual stakeholder that, on the Mexico’s commitment to regional and global T one hand, receives international assistance development is particularly relevant. UN in strategic areas, and, on the other hand, agencies offer multiple advantages in sup- increasingly contributes to tackling regional port of Mexico’s SSC based on their close links and global development challenges. to an extensive set of issues and niches. In light of current plans of various agencies At the same time, this commitment is embed- represented in Mexico, this added value may ded in and shaped by a context that provides take shape even more extensively and stra- the historic opportunity of reformulating in- tegically in the future. Increasing inter-agen- ternational development partnerships in order cy articulation and coordination between the to obtain more solid and visible input from UN and the Mexican Government concerning emerging economies. This is relevant for both SSC help to facilitate this dynamic process

55 Towards a Global Partnership for Development • The UN and Mexico’s South-South Cooperation

and are reflected in the joint publication at as UN agencies), this pioneering exercise has hand. The outcome of a fruitful interaction detected various dimensions of the added of multiple stakeholders (the AMEXCID, value that comes with UN support to Mexi- ministries and other Federal entities, as well co’s SSC.

UN Support for Mexico’s South-South Cooperation

THE UN HAS ADDED VALUE THANKS TO ITS:

� Comprehensive coverage of sectors and issues relevant for the country.

� Alignment with national priorities highlighted in the International Development Cooperation Act, the PROCID, the National Development Plan and Sectorial Plans.

� In-depth penetration in specialized networks on national, regional and global levels.

� Connecting function between supply and demand (brokering).

� Support for Mexican entities through “quality seals” for the develp- ment solutions they offer.

� Extensive operating structures through regional hubs and offices in other countries.

� Support for institutional and operational development at the sectorial level, particularly through centres of excellence. 56 Looking ahead, UN agencies have an exten- AMEXCID´s support for intersectorial coor- sive potential to reinforce their support for dination.

Mexico’s SSC by designing sectorial cooper- :

ation strategies and ensuring greater coor- The reflection on the future trajectory of UN ives t tion a dination among agencies in support of spe- support to Mexico’s SSC is embedded in a ec 7 p cific sectors and issues under the leadership context of solid leadership by the Mexican er of the Mexican institution in charge. Togeth- Government in coordinating, planning and fi- ers P p coo er the agencies can also structure and shape nancing SSC as a whole (through the AMEX- the already-initiated path of interagency di- CID) and in executing and learning about SSC outh

alogue on SSC. Particulary mapping and co- initiatives in practice (through Federal minis- S ordination exercises are likely to strengthen tries and other Mexican entities). This per- - the links with the AMEXCID as the govern- mits to closely and strategically align multi- outh

ing body of the Mexican development coop- lateral activities with Mexico’s SSC. Both the S s eration system. Some of the contributions general political commitment and the secto- ’ that may be of particular value include estab- rial variety of development solutions lishing sectorial information centres, ensur- strengthen Mexico’s SSC system for the ben- exico M

ing the flow of information and data on joint efit of partners and peers in Mexico’s fellow d n

SSC schemes as well as accompanying the nations. a UN he T

57 Towards a Global Partnership for Development • The UN and Mexico’s South-South Cooperation

Acronyms

AMEXCID Mexican Agency for International Development Cooperation (Agencia Mexicana de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo) BRICS Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa CENVI Centre for Housing and Urban Studies (Centro de la Vivienda y Estudios Urbanos) CONAFOR National Forestry Commission (Comisión Nacional Forestal) CONAPO National Council of Population (Consejo Nacional de Población) CONEVAL National Council for the Evaluation of Social Development Policy (Consejo Nacional de Evaluación de la Política de Desarrollo Social) CSO Civil Society Organization DAC Development Assistance Committee ECLAC Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean ECOSOC United Nations Economic and Social Council FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FONCID National Fund for International Development Cooperation (Fondo Nacional de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo) G20 Group of Twenty GIZ German International Cooperation Agency (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit) GPEDC Global Partnership for Effective Development Cooperation ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization ILO International Labour Organization IMTA Mexican Institute of Water Technology (Instituto Mexicano de Tecnología del Agua)

PAHO/WHO INMUJERES INAPESCA SAGARPA SEDESOL PROCID RENCID OHCHR SEGOB OCHA MDGs OECD INEGI MICs LCID JICA PND IOM INM

National Development Plan Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization Health Organization/World Health American Pan Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Rights Human for Commissioner High Nations United the of Office Development and Cooperation Economic for Organization Affairs Humanitarian of Coordination the for Office Middle-Income Countries Middle-Income Goals Development Millennium National Institute for Women Ministry of the Interior Interior the of Ministry (Secretaría de Gobernación) (Secretaría de Desarrollo Social) yAlimentación) Pesca Rural, Desarrollo Ganadería, Agricultura, de (Secretaría Desarrollo) el para Internacional Cooperación de Nacional (Registro Desarrollo) el para Internacional Cooperación de (Programa (Plan Nacional de Desarrollo) Desarrollo) el para Internacional Cooperación de (Ley Mujeres) las de Nacional (Instituto Migración) de Nacional (Instituto Estadística yGeografía) de Nacional (Instituto Pesca) de Nacional (Instituto Act Cooperation Development International Agency Cooperation International Japan Migration for Organization International of Migration Institute National Geography and Statistics of Institute National Institute Fisheries National Ministry of Social Development Development Social of Ministry Food and Fisheries Development, Rural Agriculture, of Livestock, Ministry Development Cooperation for International Registry National International Development Cooperation Programme

Acronyms Towards a Global Partnership for Development • The UN and Mexico’s South-South Cooperation

SEMARNAT Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales) SFP Ministry of Public Function (Secretaría de la Función Pública) Sicoi International Cooperation Data System (Sistema de Información de Cooperación Internacional) SIMAPRO System for Integrated Measurement and Improvement of Productivity (Sistema Integral de Medición y Avance de la Productividad) SIMEXCID Mexican International Development Cooperation Data System (Sistema de Información de México sobre la Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo) SRE Ministry of Foreign Relations (Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores) SSC South-South Cooperation STPS Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare (Secretaría de Trabajo y Previsión Social) TC Triangular Cooperation TEPJF Electoral Court of the Federal Judiciary (Tribunal Electoral del Poder Judicial de la Federación) UN United Nations UN Women United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women UNDAF United Nations Development Assistance Framework UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNFPA United Nations Population Fund UN-HABITAT United Nations Human Settlements Programme UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization UNODC United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime 60