DOCSLIB.ORG

Caucasian Review of International Affairs (CRIA) Is a Quarterly Peer-Reviewed Free, Non-Profit and Online Academic Journal Registered in Germany

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Caucasian Review of International Affairs (CRIA) Is a Quarterly Peer-Reviewed Free, Non-Profit and Online Academic Journal Registered in Germany CAUCASIAN REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS Vol. 3 (4) autumn 2009 ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS RENÉE GENDRON THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE 1993 U.N. SECURITY COUNCIL ACTION FOR THE SETTLEMENT OF THE ARMENIA -AZERBAIJAN CONFLICT ROVSHAN SADIGBAYLI POLITICAL ECONOMY OF OLD -AGE PENSION REFORMS IN GEORGIA ALEXI GUGUSHVILI CORRUPTION IN RUSSIA : A MODEL EXPLORING ITS ECONOMIC COSTS MICHAEL P. BARRY EXPERIMENTS IN SOFT BALANCING : CHINA - LED MULTILATERALISM IN AFRICA AND THE ARAB WORLD NICOLA P. CONTESSI BETWEEN NATO & RUSSIA : UKRAINE ’S FOREIGN POLICY CROSSROADS REVISITED MYKOLA KAPITONENKO “A RMENIA & GEORGIA : CORRUPTION , THE STATE , AND CHANGE ” INTERVIEW WITH DR. CHRISTOPH H. STEFES , UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER , US “I F TURKISH -ARMENIAN BORDER REOPENS , GEORGIA WILL BECOME LESS IMPORTANT ” INTERVIEW WITH DR. HANS GUTBROD AND KOBA TURMANIDZE , CAUCASUS RESEARCH RESOURCE CENTERS , TBILISI , GEORGIA ISSN: 1865-6773 www.cria -online.org EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: Nasimi Aghayev, LL.M.Eur. EDITORIAL BOARD: Dr. Tracey German (King’s College Dr. Robin van der Hout (Europa-Institute, London, United Kingdom) University of Saarland, Germany) Dr. Andrew Liaropoulos (Institute for Dr. Jason Strakes (Analyst, Research European and American Studies, Greece) Reachback Center East, USA) Dr. Martin Malek (National Defence Dr. Cory Welt (Georgetown University, Academy, Austria) USA) INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY BOARD: Prof. Hüseyin Bagci , Middle East Prof. Elkhan Nuriyev , Director of the Technical University, Ankara, Turkey Centre for Strategic Studies under the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan Prof. Hans-Georg Heinrich, University of Vienna, Austria Dr. Roy Allison, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, Prof. Edmund Herzig , Oxford University, UK UK Dr. Michael Emerson , Centre for Prof. Rüdiger Kipke , University of Siegen, European Policy Studies, Brussels, Germany Belgium Prof. Robert Legvold , Columbia Dr. Vladimer Papava , Former Minister of University, USA Economy of Georgia Prof. Werner Münch , former Prime Minister of Saxony-Anhalt, former Member of the European Parliament, Germany MANAGING DIRECTOR: Farhad K. Rustamov The Caucasian Review of International Affairs (CRIA) is a quarterly peer-reviewed free, non-profit and online academic journal registered in Germany. The Review is committed to promote a better understanding of the regional affairs by providing relevant background information and analysis, as far as the Caucasus in general, and the South Caucasus in particular are concerned. CRIA also welcomes lucid, well- documented papers on other countries and regions including especially Turkey, Iran, Central Asia, Russia, Ukraine, and Eastern Europe as well as on all aspects of international affairs, from all political viewpoints. CRIA’s primary goal is to produce an efficient dialogue and exchange of ideas on the Caucasus and beyond among practitioners, researchers and theorists from the region itself and abroad. All manuscripts, general correspondence and matters concerning the functioning of CRIA should be addressed to: [email protected] CRIA is indexed in the following research databases/citation indexes: Columbia International Affairs Online, Directory of Open Access Journals, ProQuest Research Library, EBSCOhost Research Database, World Affairs Online, Ulrich’s Periodicals Directory, Deutsche Nationalbibliothek, Virtuelle Fachbibliothek Osteuropa, Global Development Network, Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek, International Relations and Security Network, Social Sciences Eastern Europe, etc. CRIA is also listed in the electronic scholarly journals catalogues of the universities such as Harvard University, Oxford University, Cambridge University, Princeton University, Stanford University, Columbia University, Johns Hopkins University, George Mason University, George Washington University, University of California Berkeley, University of Chicago, University of Toronto, McGill University, Humboldt University of Berlin, Hamburg University, University of Munich, etc. Editorial Assistants: Bahar Baser, Alexander Jackson, Jesse Tatum, Jan Künzl, Elchin Mammadov Contacts: Eppsteiner Str. 2, 60323 Frankfurt am Main, Germany Tel: +49 69 138 76 684 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.cria-online.org ISSN: 1865–6773 © CRIA – All rights reserved. Copyright belongs to the CRIA, and written permission to reprint or republish in any form must be sought from the Editor-in-Chief. Articles published in CRIA do not necessarily represent the views of the Editors. VOL. 3 (4) - AUTUMN 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS Note from the Editor-in-Chief (331-332) Nasimi Aghayev RESEARCH PAPERS Alternative Dispute Resolution in the North Caucasus (pp. 333-341) by Renée Gendron The Implications of the 1993 U.N. Security Council Action for the Settlement of the Armenia-Azerbaijan Conflict (pp. 342-370) by Rovshan Sadigbayli Political Economy of Old-Age Pension Reforms in Georgia (pp. 371-386) by Alexi Gugushvili Corruption in Russia: A Model Exploring its Economic Costs (pp. 387-403) by Michael P. Barry Experiments in Soft Balancing: China- led Multilateralism in Africa and the Arab World (pp. 404-434) by Nicola P. Contessi COMMENT Between NATO & Russia: Ukraine’s Foreign Policy Crossroads Revisited (pp. 435-444) by Mykola Kapitonenko BOOK REVIEW “An Endless War: The Russian-Chechen Conflict in Perspective” by Emil Souleimanov (pp. 445-446) Review by Martin Malek INTERVIEW “Armenia & Georgia: Corruption, the State, and Change” (pp. 447-451) Interview with Dr. Christoph H. Stefes, University of Colorado Denver, US “If Turkish-Armenian Border Reopens, Georgia Will Become Less Important” (pp. 452-455) Interview with Dr. Hans Gutbrod and Koba Turmanidze, Caucasus Research Resource Centers, Tbilisi, Georgia NOTE FROM THE EDITOR -IN -CHIEF Nasimi Aghayev With the signing of the protocols between Armenia and Turkey in Geneva, the world waits on the two countries’ parliaments to ratify these accords and open the border—a move that could have various implications for the region and beyond. Being part of Turkey’s zero-problems policy, normalizing relations with Armenia is another step toward resolving regional problems with its immediate neighbors—measures which may prove to be too impressive for Brussels to ignore. On the other hand, resolving problems with immediate neighbors may come at the expense of creating new ones with long-time allies. Cue Azerbaijan, which also plays a large role in this process, demands a substantial progress in Nagorno-Karabakh, including the phased withdrawal of Armenian troops, before opening of the Turkish-Armenian border. For Armenia, which clearly has more to gain from the thaw, the protocols are strongly opposed by the diaspora and opposition parties, not least because of the proposal to create a so-called “historical commission” to investigate the 1915 events, which many Armenians feel calls into question the use of the genocide label. President Sargsyan’s Republican Party, however, has a parliamentary majority, which will make it difficult for any opposition forces in Yerevan and beyond to attempt to derail ratification, if the Armenian government really decides to embark on it. Nevertheless, President Sargsyan seems to be disinclined to push for the ratification until the Turkish parliament has done so. Conversely, being bound by his repeated clear-cut pledges to Azerbaijan not to open the border until the end of occupation, Turkey’s Prime Minister Erdogan is also demonstrating a similar reluctance. The Nabucco gas pipeline project, meanwhile, hangs in the balance as these three countries iron out their grievances and demands. If the border opens and Baku decides to decrease ties with Turkey, Azerbaijan’s energy resources may end up being routed through the Black Sea, Russia, or Iran, thereby reducing Turkey’s stake in transit, supply, and overall geopolitical influence. Speaking of Russia and Iran, Moscow remains lukewarm in agreeing to take severe measures against Tehran’s nuclear ambitions. Instead, Russia’s leaders seem to prefer to make as few commitments as possible, giving only minor and rather contradictory concessions to both sides – Washington and Brussels on one, Tehran on the other. Finally, the situation remains critically tense in the North Caucasus. After Ingush president Yunus-Bek Yevkurov was wounded in a suicide car bomb attack, Chechnya’s president Ramzan Kadyrov’s efforts to increase his power in the region have multiplied and received at least tacit support from Moscow. The firm response from Moscow, not to mention its support for Kadyrov, has arguably only increased resistance by insurgents, and still no tangible result has been produced in finding the murderers of human rights activists and journalists who have been killed while relaying stories to the world from this war-torn region. The present Autumn ’09 issue presents a meticulous assessment of importance of introducing an alternative dispute resolution mechanism in the North Caucasus, an in-depth analysis of the implications of the 1993 UN Security Council action for the NOTE FROM THE EDITOR -IN -CHIEF 331 CAUCASIAN REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS VOL . 3 (4) – AUTUMN 2009 © CRIA 2009 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict settlement, as well as a thorough research of old-age pension reforms in Georgia. The issue also includes a comment on Ukraine’s current quandary between Russia and NATO, scientifically rigorous papers on corruption in Russia, and China’s soft-balancing “experiments” in Africa and the Arab world.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Corruption in Russia: Reasons for the Growth
    Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 336 5th International Conference on Social Science and Higher Education (ICSSHE 19) Corruption in Russia: Reasons for the Growth V.V. Moiseev I. V. Goncharova Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Orel State University named after I.S. Turgenev Shukhov Orel, 302026, Russia Belgorod, 308012, Russia [email protected] G. S. Chuvardin Orel State University named after I.S. Turgenev Orel, 302026, Russia Abstract—The scale of increased corruption in Russia is such Council did not bring tangible results, since its composition that it began to threaten the national security of our country. was practically no longer assembled, and soon it was abolished, This conclusion belongs not only to the authors of this article, without becoming a viable political institution. who have been conducting research in this field for a long time, but also to the head of state, who recently signed a special Pursuant to the President’s instructions, a special directive on national security. The main goal of the authors of the commission of the State Duma was created to prepare article was to show why corruption in Russia acquired such a proposals for amending existing legislation in order to enhance wide scope, what reasons contributed to its growth in 2000-2019. legal mechanisms to combat corruption. However, a legal In accordance with the purpose of the study, the following main mechanism to combat corruption was not created in 2000-2008: questions were identified: 1) showing the increase in the scale and the State Duma twice passed a law on combating corruption, level of corruption in the country in 2000-2019; 2) to analyze the and both times, President Vladimir Putin rejected it, using the causes of weak anti-corruption in Russia; 3) showing the role of right of veto.
    [Show full text]
  • Corruption in Russia
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Schulze, Günther G.; Suharnoko Sjahrir, Bambang; Zakharov, Nikita Working Paper Corruption in Russia Discussion Paper Series, No. 22 Provided in Cooperation with: Department of International Economic Policy (iep), University of Freiburg Suggested Citation: Schulze, Günther G.; Suharnoko Sjahrir, Bambang; Zakharov, Nikita (2013) : Corruption in Russia, Discussion Paper Series, No. 22, University of Freiburg, Department of International Economic Policy (iep), Freiburg This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/86176 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der
    [Show full text]
  • Renewed Circassian Mobilization in the North Caucasus 20-Years After the Fall of the Soviet Union
    Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe Vol 11, No 2, 2012, 103-135 Copyright © ECMI 21 December 2012 This article is located at: http://www.ecmi.de/publications/detail/issue-22012-vol-11-254/ Renewed Circassian Mobilization in the North Caucasus 20-years after the Fall of the Soviet Union Lars Funch Hansen* University of Copenhagen The renewed ethnic mobilization among Circassians in the North Caucasus region in Russia that has unfolded since the latter half of the 2000s is illustrated by the establishment of new civil society organizations and a substantially increased number of internet-based initiatives. All of this reflects a new and increased form of agency and unity among the Circassians in which youth activism has played key role. It also illustrates how Circassian civil society actors and cyber-activists have not only been able to establish a counter-public sphere or develop a new space for action, but also increasingly have been able to move key issues from Circassian spheres into the wider public sphere of mainstream Russian media and politics. The upcoming 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, in particular, has functioned as a lever in this process, which has also resulted in increasing support among Circassians for calls for recognition of the nineteenth century forced expulsion of the majority of the Circassians from the Caucasus as an act of genocide. In this manner, a mega-event such as the Sochi Olympics has contributed to generating a more radical or politicized understanding or framing of the Caucasian exodus that, since the fall of the Soviet Union, has generally been known as “our national tragedy”.
    [Show full text]
  • On Strategies for Combating Corruption in Russia
    On Strategies for Combating Corruption in Russia VITALY A. NOMOKONOV T he scale and scope of corruption in Russia are well known, and most observers agree that a new approach to fighting corruption is needed. In early 1998, the government newspaper, Rossiiskaya Gazeta, published a draft of a gov- ernment anticorruption program, but it was blocked by Russian president Boris Yelstin. Now, while the state Duma debates two different strategies for combat- ing corruption, the absence of a definite program still harms the country.' For years, the highest echelons of power in the country have seemed neither ready nor willing to combat the dangerous phenomenon of corruption. The rea- son for this is no secret here or even abroad. American legislators view Russian President Boris Yeltsin and his circle as a corrupt clan, occupied primarily with their own survival.2 Russian crime statistics illustrate the growth in crimen of corruption. In 1998, the number of cases of taking and giving bribes increased by 6 percent, misuse of power by 9.8 percent, and illegal participation in enterprise activity by 32 per- cent. According to Ministry of Internal Affairs data for 1999, the number of cases of bribery by public officials increased by 18.3 percent last year, while the num- ber of cases of "commercial bribery"-bribery by officers of non-state organiza- tions-increased by 26.9 percent. The second half of 1999 was marked by enor- mous scandals tied to the publication by international media of numerous details of money laundering through the Bank of New
    [Show full text]
  • The Changing Contours of Corruption in Russia: Informal Intermediaries in State- Business Relations
    EAST-WEST Journal of ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS Journal of Economics and Business Vol. XIIΙ – 2010, No 2 (61-82) The Changing Contours of Corruption in Russia: Informal Intermediaries in State- Business Relations Irina Olimpieva1 Abstract Despite extensive academic and media discussion about corruption in Russia, there has been little analysis of how the corruption process works and what makes it so deeply entrenched. One reason is that the notion of corruption is often used as an umbrella term to cover a variety of fundamentally different phenomena that have one formal feature in common – using an official position to gain private profit. Often overlooked in the discussion is the fact that the corruption market is constantly changing, not only in terms of the scale and volume of corruption (which is almost impossible to measure), but, more importantly, in terms of substantial changes in its forms, mechanisms and content, and the emergence of new informal actors and even institutions. There are constantly emerging new forms of informal interactions, along with new actors – informal intermediaries – which facilitate a variety of informal relationships in the business sphere. This paper provides an empirically-based sociological analysis of the phenomenon of informal intermediaries and of the “intermediaries’ boom” – an explosive growth of intermediaries recently transforming the Russian business environment using data from a study of small and medium business in St. Petersburg. The emergence and 1 Research Fellow, Head of the Research Department “Social Studies of Economy”, St. Petersburg Center for Independent Social Research, POB 193 St. Petersburg 191040 Russia, [email protected] and [email protected] EAST-WEST Journal of ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS institutionalization of informal mediating is considered a new stage in the evolution of corruption in state-business relations in Russia.
    [Show full text]
  • Corruption in Russia As a Business: Putin's Palace Case Study
    Institute of Modern Russia Corruption in Russia as a Business: Putin’s Palace Case Study Corruption in Russia as a Business: Putin’s Palace Case Study Institute of Modern Russia Alexandra Kalinina Dekabristov str., 20-1-157 Moscow, Russia 127273 Mob.: 007 910 405 64 75 e-mail: [email protected] Moscow, 30 November 2012 Institute of Modern Russia Corruption in Russia as a Business: Putin’s Palace Case Study Contents 1. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................... 3 2. THE CURRENT STATE OF CORRUPTION IN RUSSIA ....................................................................................... 4 2.1. CHARACTER, AREAS, AND LEVEL OF CORRUPTION IN RUSSIA ...................................................................................... 4 2.2. CORRUPTION AT THE HIGHEST LEVELS IN RUSSIA ..................................................................................................... 9 3. SHORT HISTORICAL EXCURSUS AND REASONS OF CORRUPTION IN RUSSIA ............................................... 21 3.1. SHORT HISTORICAL EXCURSUS ........................................................................................................................... 22 3.1.1. Corruption in Russia since ancient times till the beginning of the 20th century ................................ 22 3.1.2. Corruption in Russia during the USSR period ..................................................................................... 25 3.1.3.
    [Show full text]
  • 1997 Canliidocs 180
    726 ALBERTA LAW REVIEW [VOL. XXXV, NO. 3 1997] THE FIRST PANCAKE ALWAYS HAS LUMPS: ALBERTA PETROLEUM COMPANIES, ARBITRATION AND ARBITRAL AWARD ENFORCEMENT IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ANTHONY CIONt Alberta petroleum companies stand to benefit a Les ententes de coentreprise conclues entre /es great deal from joint-venture operations in Russia; societes d'exploitation petroliere de /'Alberta et la however, the potential risks involved are enormous Russie s 'annoncent tres prometteuses. Les risques as well. This article examines means by which sont neanmoins considerables. Le present article Alberta companies can protect themselves, namely examine /es mesures de protection dont disposent through arbitration agreements, and some important /es societes albertaines, /es conventions d'arbitrage terms that should be drafted into such contracts. As notamment, et certaines des conditions importantes well, an analysis is provided of the arbitration qui devraient figurer dans /es contrats de ce type. II system and some possible outcomes should a propose egalement une analyse du systeme dispute arise once an Alberta company has d'arbitrage et des solutions a envisage, en cas de commenced operations in Russia. dijferend survenant apres qu 'une societe albertaine a entame des activitis en Russie. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1997 CanLIIDocs 180 I. INTRODUCTION . 727 II. HISTORICAL IMPORTANCE OF OIL AND GAS IN THE SOVIET UNION AND THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION . 728 A. 1970 - 1990 ................................... 728 B. THE FUTURE OF RUSSIA'S PETROLEUM INDUSTRY & WESTERN CAPITAL INVESTMENT .............. 729 III. ALBERTA'S PETROLEUM INTERESTS IN THE RUSSIAN OIL AND GAS SECTOR AND THE NEED FOR SOUND INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL ARBITRATION IN RUSSIA . 730 A. ALBERTA INVOLVEMENT ......................
    [Show full text]
  • The 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics: Security and Human Rights Issues
    The 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics: Security and Human Rights Issues Jim Nichol, Coordinator Specialist in Russian and Eurasian Affairs Elaine Halchin Specialist in American National Government John W. Rollins Specialist in Terrorism and National Security Alex Tiersky Analyst in Foreign Affairs Steven Woehrel Specialist in European Affairs January 26, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43383 The 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics: Security and Human Rights Issues Summary The President of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) announced on July 4, 2007, that Sochi, Russia, had been selected as the host city for the Olympic Winter Games and Paralympics. The Olympic Games, which will be held February 7-23, 2014, are the first to be hosted by Russia as a successor state to the former Soviet Union. Reportedly, some 230 U.S. athletes out of approximately 2,900 from some 88 countries, and about 10,000 U.S. visitors, are expected in Sochi. Olympic events will take place at two main locations: a coastal cluster along the Black Sea and a mountain cluster in the Krasnaya Polyana mountains. Since the 2007 selection of Sochi as the site of Olympic Games, many observers, including some in Congress, have raised concerns about security and human rights conditions in Sochi and elsewhere in Russia. Sochi is in Russia’s North Caucasus area, which has experienced ongoing terrorist incidents, including several bombings in recent weeks. Through hearings, legislation, oversight, and other action, some Members of Congress have expressed concerns over Russia’s hosting of the Sochi Olympic Games and Paralympics, particularly the risks that terrorism and human rights violations might pose to U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Post-Soviet States Two Decades of Transition & Transformation
    Post-Soviet States Two Decades of Transition & Transformation Post-Soviet States Two Decades of Transition & Transformation Editors Ajay Patnaik Tulsiram KNOWLEDGE WORLD KW Publishers Pvt Ltd New Delhi 2011 BEST PUBLISHERS AWARD (ENGLISH) KNOWLEDGE WORLD KW Publishers Pvt Ltd 4676/21, First Floor, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi 110002 Email: [email protected] Tel.: +91.11.23263498/43528107 www.kwpub.com All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing. ISBN 978-93-81904-20-6 © 2012, Ajay Patnaik and Tulsiram Published by Kalpana Shukla, KW Publishers Pvt Ltd 4676/21, First Floor, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi 110002 Printed and bound in India Contents Contributors ix Introduction xiii Section I Understanding Transition and Transformation in Post-Soviet States 1. Continuity and Change in Russia 3 James V. Wertsch 2 Transition to Uncertainty: The Dynamics of Post-Communist Politics 15 R.R. Sharma 3. Transforming the Post-Soviet Space: Customs Union and Eurasian Integration 23 Ajay Patnaik 4. Models in Transition: The Turkish Model and Central Asia Twenty Years After 31 Anita Sengupta 5. The Russian Perspective of Post-Soviet Transformation: Some Dimensions and Problems 51 A.K. Alikberov Section II Economic and Political Transformation 1. Energy and Economy of Russia 61 R.G.Gidadhubli 2. Republic of Belarus: Economic Transition and Transformation 71 Viachaslau Menkouski 3 What are the effects of 2007-09 Global Economic Crises on Turkmenistan’s Economy 77 Sofiya Yuvshanova vi POST-SOVIET states: TWO DECADES OF TRANSITION & TRANSFOrmatiON 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Representations of Eastern Europe in NATO and EU Expansion Jason N
    Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2003 European Re-Union: Representations of Eastern Europe in NATO and EU Expansion Jason N. Dittmer Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES EUROPEAN RE-UNION: REPRESENTATIONS OF EASTERN EUROPE IN NATO AND EU EXPANSION By JASON N. DITTMER A Dissertation submitted to the Department of Geography In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Awarded: Spring Semester, 2003 The members of the Committee approve the dissertation of Jason N. Dittmer defended on March 25, 2003 ______________________________ Patrick O’Sullivan Professor Directing Dissertation Jonathan Grant Outside Committee Member ______________________________ Jonathan Leib Committee Member ______________________________ Jan Kodras Committee Member Approved: _____________________________ Barney Warf, Chair, Department of Geography The Office of Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above committee members. ii This dissertation is dedicated to my mother, who always made her children’s education a priority and gave up many of her own personal satisfactions to make sure that we were in the best schools with the best teachers. Thanks Mom… This dissertation is also dedicated to Karl Fiebelkorn, who would be mortified to know that something so academic as this dissertation was dedicated to him. But think of it this way Karl – this is just to tide you over until I can dedicate to you my magnum opus: “I See How It Is”: Reflections on Brotherhood. You are missed, Karl. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation would not have been possible without the assistance of a great many of my colleagues and friends, who have all influenced my thoughts on these matters (and many others).
    [Show full text]
  • Russia of Transformations
    Russia of Transformations Finland Eteläinen Makasiinikatu 8 PO BOX 31, FIN-00131 HELSINKI FINLAND www.defmin.fi ISBN: 978-951-25-2432-7 pdf ”The highest and most sharply characteristic trait of our people is a sense of justice, a thirst for it [...]. One needs only to remove the exterior, superficial shell and look more closely and carefully at the kernel itself, without prejudice, and one will see in the people such things as one had never anticipated. There is not much that our wise men can teach the people. I will even say positively, to the contrary: they themselves have yet to learn from them.” Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Notes from the House of the Dead. (1861-1862.) Preamble ........................................................................................................................ 1 Summaries by the thematic working groups: Russia in the 2010s ................................. 4 Russia’s foreign, security and defence policy ............................................................. 7 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................... 9 2. The Russian strategic culture ................................................................................. 9 3. Defending the sovereignty of a superpower: a principle of Russian foreign policy ....................................................................................................... 11 4. Four trends in four geographical directions ......................................................... 18 5. Summary
    [Show full text]
  • Corruption and Power in Russia
    Russia Political Economy Project CORRUPTION AND POWER IN RUSSIA RUSSIA POLITICAL ECONOMY PROJECT F OREIGN P OLICY R ESEARCH I NSTITUTE 1 A P RIL 2 0 1 8 The Foreign Policy Research Institute thanks the Carnegie Corporation for its support of the Russia Political Economy Project. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. © 2018 by the Foreign Policy Research Institute COVER: A coin worth one ruble against the background of St. Basil’s Cathedral in Moscow, Adobe Stock. FOREIGN POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE MISSION The Foreign Policy Research Institute is dedicated to bringing the insights of scholarship to bear on the foreign policy and national security challenges facing the United States. It seeks to educate the public, teach teachers, train students, and offer ideas to advance U.S. national interests based on a nonpartisan, geopolitical perspective that illuminates contemporary international affairs through the lens of history, geography, and culture. EDUCATING THE AMERICAN PUBLIC: FPRI was founded on the premise than an informed and educated citizenry is paramount for the U.S. to conduct a coherent foreign policy. Today, we live in a world of unprecedented complexity and ever-changing threats, and as we make decisions regarding the nation’s foreign policy, the stakes could not be higher. FPRI offers insights to help the public understand this volatile world by publishing research, hosting conferences, and holding dozens of public events and lectures each year.
    [Show full text]