DOCSLIB.ORG

Is Me and Fr C&Est

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Is Me and Fr C&Est 1266 1351. *mÅ ({IS} *-mÅ), pc. of marked accusative > IE *-m / *-m=, accus. case ending of nouns of the animate (active) gender > AnIE: Ht - n / -an, Lw, HrLw, Pal, Car -n, Ld -n id. NaIE *-m (accus. of m. and f.) > OI, L -m, Gk -n, OLt nasalization of the stem-final vw.; after stem-final cnss. *-m= > OI -am, Gk -a, L -em, Lt -i< ¶¶ Bks. 172-92, Szem. IEL 16O- 92, Rsk. 54-5, Kmh. HPL 193-7, 3O1, Hb. L 4O6-9, KrlSh. XLJ 19, 25, 6 2 || HS: Om: SOm {Fl.} accus. ending *-m > Ari {Hw.} -m, Dm {Fl.} -im, Hm {Ldl.} -(d)Äm / -(d)Än (positionally conditioned allomorphs, in which, acc. to Hw. CO 28, -m/-n go back to *-m) »» NrOm: Krt {Hw.} -m- within the predicative forms of pers. pronouns: ta-m-akko 'it is I', ne-m- akko 'it is you (thou)', nu-m-akko 'it is we' (pred. “ accus., as in NE it is me and Fr c&est moi), Bnc {Brz.} -m as a dative-benefactive ending of pers. pronouns: ta-m 'to me' (dat.-ben. “ generalized oblique case “ accus., as in M *c>i-ma- obl. of 'thou' < N *t''{{{u44}4 mÅ 'thee', see below); but, acc. to Hw. CO 26-9, hardly here the NrOm accus. ending *-n (> Kf/Bsk/Ym {C} -n, Mj {All.} -n) (see N *nu 'from, of') ¶ Bnd. MO 167-8, Hw. CO 26-3O, Fl. OO 316, Fl. D 518, Hw. NAL 443, Ldl. H 412, All. D 39O, Zab. CO 625 || U *-m, *-mV, accus. of definite nouns > FP *-m, accus. > F -n, Lp J -m, Lp S {Hs.} -m ± -b, Chr L/H -m (F kala-n, Lp J guole-m, Chr kol´-m 'piscem') »» Vg {Lml. “ Kn.}: SV/LL/ML -ma$, -m, LK/MK/UK -m´, -m, T -m‰, -mi, -m, marker of accus. of definite object Sm: accus. ending: Ne T -m?%, Slq Tz -m, Kms -m, Mt M {Sp.} -m; ending of definite accus.: Ng -m ¶¶ Wkm. FOUL 11-2, 24-5, 56, 63-71, 145-9, Coll. CG 284-6, Hs. 97-1O3, Lml. HFW 24-41, Beronka II 146-7, Mu. VNyJ II 56, III 363, IV 158, Lav. TJM, Rmb. MJ-93 29O, Srb. PGS 7O-2, Ter. NJ-93 332, Ter NgJ 8O-2, Hl. SelJ 364, Hl. MTKJ 377, Kü. KJ 383 || A: pTg *ba/*be / (after a noun-final *n) *ma/*me, postp. of accus. of definite nouns > NrTg and AmTg accus. ending *-ba/*-be, (after a stem-final n) *-ma/*me- > Ewk -ba/-b‰, (after a vw.) -wa/-w‰, (after a nasal) -ma/-m‰, Lm -w, -m, Neg -wa/- w‰, -pa/-p‰, -ma/-m‰, Nn, Ul, Ork, Sln -ba/-b‰, (after a vw.) -wa/-w‰, Ud {Krm.} -wa/-w‰/-wo/-ma/-m‰/-mo, WrMc be (marker of accus., still preserves traces of the original analytical status of N *mÅ, evidenced by the lack of vowel harmony) ¶ Ci. 256, Bz. 78-9, Hrl. 35, 74-5, Krm. 86 pJ {†S} *b‰, {Vv.} *bo3 > OJ, ClJ wo, accus. and emph. (focalizing?) pc. > J o id.; b- is still preserved in some Ryukyu ds. (Rbt., p.c., 2OO3) ¶ Vv. LDROJ 1O6, Mur. KAJ 13O, Mill. JAL 25-7, BBl. 5 2 , 57, 96, Hag. W ∀, Syr. DJ 1O6-8 M *-ma- in the accus. and other 1267 oblique cases of pronouns: M *c>i-ma-yi 'thee' (originally accus. *c>i-ma 'thee' + nominal accus. *-yi that was added by analogy [see s.v. N ? *hVya 'for']) > MM c>imayi, WrM cimai, etc., M *i-ma-yi 'him' accus. (demonstr. *i + accus. *ma + M nominal accus. *-yi). The prehistory of these forms may be reconstructed as follows: N *t'{{{' u4}4 mÅ 'thee' (= *t''{{{u44} 'thou' + *mÅ accus.) > ppM *tæima 'thee' > pM *c>i-ma-yi 'thee', the form *c>i-ma- being generalized as the stem of the oblique cases, whence the dative *c>ima-dur, the ablative *c>imac>a, etc. ¶ AD PP 78-9, Pp. IM 2O9-14 ¶¶ Mng. JA 11, 14 || ? D *-n (if from *-m), accus. case ending > Kt -nÀ, Td -n, -nÀ, OKn -a(:)n, Tulu -nË, OTl -n3 (-n), -in3 (-in) - n3u, Klm -(u)n, Prj -(i)n, Gdb -(i)n ≠ -(i)N, Knd -N, Png -iN, Krx -in, -an, - an, Mlt -e(n), -i(n). Traces of the former ending *-m may be discerned in OKn accus. ending -am ¶¶ Zv. CDM 27-3O, MhS 165, Shanm. DN 37O-1, Ktl. G 43, Gai 42, An. SG 2O2-5, Rmn. OT 191 ˚ IS II 48-51 (*- mÅ > IE, U, A, D), AD PP 92, Mng. MP 21-36, Coll. IUS 21, Coll. HUV 13O, Ivn. VNZN 148 (on the original analytical status of this accus. ending), Gr. I 129 (IE, U, A, incl. J). I am grateful to Blz. for drawing may attention to the Om cognate. In IE the nouns of the non-animate (neuter) gender do not distinguish between nom. and accus. (and hence have no accus. ending), because there is no syntactic necessity for it: nouns of the non-animate gender do not usually appear as subjects of a trans. verb, therefore in sentences with trans. verbs they always function as their object. In other words, in IE (as in many lgs.) the marker of accus. is used only when it is necessary for syntactic distinctions. It is a trace of an old N syntax that had no obligatory grammatical categories (unlike in later IE lgs. with their grammatical categories of compulsive usage - even when not necessary for communication). In F the morpheme of accusative is not used after the imv., which reflects the same original situation: the form is not used wherever the syntactic function (object of the verb) is obvious from the context. In Sm and Tg this case marker denotes a definite object. All this suggests that originally N * m Å denoted a marked accusative. 1352. *mÅ, a marker of nominalized syntactic constructions (≈ subordinate sentences), nominalizer (originally a prn.) that formed analytic equivalents of nomina actionis, nomina agentis, and other derived nouns > HS *mV - prefix of derived (mainly deverbal) nouns: S: [1] S *mV- as a px. of prtcs.: (a) *mu-1a2≤2i3-, act. prtc. of the D - stems > Akk mu1a22i3-, Ar mu1a22i3-, BHb m´1a2≤2e23, Aram m´1a2≤2e3, Sr m´1a2≤2E3 (on the meaning of E in Sr cf. Phonetic symbols and other signs used in etymological entries , III, B), Gz 1268 ma1a22´3 id., (b) *mu-1a2≤2a3-, ps. prtc. of the D -stems > Ar mu1a22a3-, Sr m´1a22a3, BHb (with an analogical u) m´1u22a3, (g ) *mu-s7a1≤2i3-, act. prtc. of the Sh-stem (causative) > Ak mus7a12i3-, Ar mu12i3-, BHb ma2≤2ï3, Sr ma2≤2E3, etc. [2] S nomina actionis *ma12a3- > Ar ma?kal- '(act of) eating', BHb lk1a9m2 ma?â≤k3a2l 'food', ox`1m2 mas≤sa÷ 'trip' (ÿ √ns÷ 'fahren'), Gz mans'ar 'the front part exposed to view' (“ 'looking at' ÿ √ns'r 'look [at]'), whence nomina loci *ma12V3- > Ak mas7kanum 'place, tent', BHb Nƒ1S6m5 mis7≤ka2n 'dwelling(-place)', Sr marba÷ 'womb' (ÿ √rb÷ 'lie down'), Ar maqbar- 'cemetery' (ÿ √qbr 'bury'), Ak mu2s7abum 'seat, dwelling place' (√ws7b 'sit, reside'), BHb bS1&m mo2≤s7a2b3; nomina abstracta *mV12V3-at- > Hb em1h1l6m5 milHa2≤ma2 'fight, war', Ar maHmidat- n. act. 'praise', Gz mang´s6t 'government, kingdom', JA m´12a3 - inf. of the G- stem., Ak mu2rakum 'length' (√?rk 'be long'), etc. [3] S *ma12i3-≠ *ma12a3-at- - patterns of nomina instrumenti > BHb h@T4f6m2 map3≤te2aH 'key' and Ak nipte2tum id. (both ÿ √ptH v. 'open', Ak n- < *m-), BHb eb1ƒ1rm3 mErka2≤ba2, JA aTb6ƒ2r^m2 markab3≤t-a2, Sr æ4,ob˚arµa markab3≤t3-a2, and Ak narkabtum 'chariot' (*√rkb v. 'ride, voyage') [4] ? possibly a S sx. *-m-: Ar fusHum- 'wide', s7adqam- 'wide-mouthed' ¶ Br. G I 375-82 [§§ 195-2O3], JB NB 233-73, Sd. G 64-6, Js. 844, Br. 731, MSUS 8O-3 Eg mV-, px. of derived (deverbal and denom.) nouns (nomina loci, instrumenti): mzwt 'food made of wheat' (ÿ zwt 'wheat'), msXn 'abode (of gods)', msXnt 'bearing-stool; necropolis' (ÿ sXny 'descend'), mX¿t 'balance (Waage)' (ÿ X¿y v. 'measure'); mV-, px. of prtcs. and nomina actoris: mnhzyw 'bewachende' (ÿ nhzy 'wake'), mÓnk 'Beschenker' (ÿ Ónk v. 'present so. with') ¶ Ed. 1O9-1O, Fk. 119 C: Bj {R} ma- / me- / (before sibilants) mi-, px. o f n. act.: ma-≤dir ≠ ma-≤de2r n. act. 'killing' (ÿ -dir 'kill'), ≤ma-fnik ≠ ma-f≤ne2k ≠ mefnek 'Biß, das Beißen' (ÿ -fnik 'bite'), mi-≤sa2? ≠ mi≤sa? 'seat, sitting' (ÿ -sa2? 'sit, sit dowm') »» Af m-, px. of derived abstract nouns (n. act., etc.): ma2baka 'birth, being born' (ÿo2boke 'be born'), mabul 'observation, sight' (ÿ uble 'see'), midir 'possessions' (ÿ eddere 'posess') Ch: Hs ma-...-ï (m. pl. ma-...-a2, f. sg. ma-...-iya2, f. pl. ma-...-iyai\) - circumfix of nomina agentis (madink'ï 'tailor' [ÿ d'inka 'sew'], maginï 'builder' [ÿ gina 'build'], mak'e2rï 'smith' [ÿ k'e2ra 'forge'], maZ7iyï 'ear' [ÿ Z7i 'hear']), ma...-ï (pl. ma-...-ai\) - 1269 circumfix of nomina instrumenti (mabu2d'ï 'opener, key' [ÿ bu2d'a v. 'open'], mad'au\kï 'handle' [ÿ d'au\ka v. 'lift']), ma-...-ï and ma-...-a2 (both pl. ma-...-ai\) - circumfixes of nomina loci (mas7igï 'ford' [ÿ s7iga v. 'enter'], makWanc7ï 'lair' [ÿ kWanta 'lie down'], mafita2 'exit' [ÿ fita 'come out'], makaranta2 'school' [ÿ karanta v. 'read']) »» Mrg m‰-, px. of nomina loci: m‰~c7i!b'¥! 'corral, fence' (ÿ c7i!b'¥! v. 'fence [in]'), m‰~-nd‰~la~ 'escape-hole' (ÿ nd‰~la~ 'go\break through'); *m‰-...-i, circumfix of nomina agentis: m‰!s6‰~z7‰~b'i~ 'pupil' (ÿs6‰~z7‰~b'¥~ 'learn, teach'), Msg/Gdr {Mch.} mu-, Pdk {Mch.} ma-, sx.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 10ND3 M 1401-1585.Pdf (PDF, 3Mb)
    1401 1351. **mmÅÅ ({IS} *-mÅ), pc. of marked accusative > IE *-m / *-m=, id.accus. case ending of nouns of the animate (active) gender > AnIE: Ht -n / -an, Lw, HrLw, Pal, Car -n, Ld -n id. NaIE *-m (accus. of m. and f.) > OI, L -m, Gk -n, OLt nasalization of the stem-final vw.; after the NaIE stem-final cnss *-m= > OI -am, Gk -a, L -em, Lt -i< ¶¶ Bks 172-92, Szem. IEL 16O-92, Hirt IG III 45-6, Rsk. 54-5, Kmh. HPL 193-7, 3O1, Hb. L 4O6-9, KrlSh. XLJ 19, 25, 62 || HS: Om: SOm {Fl.} accus. ending *-m > Ari {Hw.} -m, Dm {Fl.} -im, Hm {Ldl} -(d)Äm / -(d)Än (positionally conditioned allomorphs, in which, acc. to Hw. CO 28, -m/-n go back to *-m) »» NrOm: Krt {Hw.} -m- within the predicative forms of pers. pronouns: ta-m-akko 'it is I', ne-m-akko 'it is you (thou)', nu-m-akko 'it is we' (pred. “ accus., as in NE it is me and Fr c&est moi), Bnc {Brz.} -m as a dative-benefactive ending of pers. pronouns: ta-m 'to me' (dat.-ben. “ generalized oblique case “ accus., as in M *c>i-ma- obl. of 'thou' < N **tt''''{{ uu4444}}4 mm ÅÅ 'thee', see below); but, acc. to Hw. CO 26-9, hardly here the NrOm accus. ending *-n (> Kf/Bsk/Ym {C} -n, Mj {All.} -n) (see N **nnuu 'from, of') ¶ Bnd. MO 167-8, Hw. CO 26-3O, Hw. NAL 443, Fl. OO 316, Fl. D 518, Ldl H 412, All.
    [Show full text]
  • Annotated Host Catalogue for the Tachinidae (Diptera) of Italy
    Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie 3: 305–340; Stuttgart, 30.IV.2010. 305 Annotated host catalogue for the Tachinidae (Diptera) of Italy PIERFILIPPO CERRETTI & HANS-PETER TSCHORSNIG Abstract An annotated host catalogue is given for the Tachinidae of Italy. It comprises 180 tachinid species reared from 310 arthropod hosts belonging to seven insect orders and one chilopod order. The paper includes data from litera- ture as well as hitherto unpublished records. K e y w o r d s : Tachinidae, parasitoids, host catalogue, Italy. Zusammenfassung Für die italienischen Tachinidae wird ein kritischer Wirtekatalog gegeben. Er umfasst 180 Tachiniden-Arten und 310 Arthropoden-Wirtsarten aus sieben Insektenordnungen und einer Ordnung der Hundertfüßer. Die Arbeit enthält sowohl Daten aus der Literatur als auch bisher unveröffentlichte Wirtsangaben. Contents 1 Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................305 2 Explanation of the format ....................................................................................................................................306 3 Annotated parasitoid-host list .............................................................................................................................306 4 Host-parasitoid list ..............................................................................................................................................325 5 References ...........................................................................................................................................................330
    [Show full text]
  • Acta Entomologica Bulgaria
    ÁÚËÃÀÐÑÊÎ ÅÍÒÎÌÎËÎÃÈ×ÍÎ ÄÐÓÆÅÑÒÂÎ BULGARIAN SOCIETY OF ENTOMOLOGY ACTA ENTOMOLOGICA BULGARIA Vol. 15, No 1, 2, 2012 ACTA ENTOMOLOGICA BULGARICA INSTRUCTIONS TO THE AUHTORS Българското ентомологично дружество е създадено през 1909 г. То издава научното списание „Известия на българското ентомологично дружество“. Сегашното научно списание Acta Entomologica Buigarica продължава хубавите „Acta Entomologica Bulgarica“ is the temporary Achievements of the Bulgarian традиции на старото списание. Journal of the Bulgarian Entomological Zoology, S., BAS, 17-20. Society. Original articles in the field of Gruev. B. 1988. General Biogeography, S., The Bulgarian Entomologicai Society was established in 1909. It published Scientific Journal Entomology, Arachnology and Acarology Nauka i Izkoustvo, p. 396. Proceedings of Bulgarian Entomology Society. Acta Entomologica Bulgarica as a Scientific have been published in it. The paper should 9. Right after references (if any – after Journal continues the good traditions of the old Journal. be in following languages: Bulgarian (with the original text) the institutional or home a summary in foreign language), English, address of each of the authors in the Издател: Editor: German or French (with a summary in original language of the article should be Българско ентомологично дружество Bulgarian Entomological Society Bulgarian). The preferred one is English. indicated. бул. „Св. Кл. Охридски“ № 132 132 St. Kl. Ohridski Blvd, Preparing the articles you should have in 10. The references, articles, text under the 1756 София 1756 Sofia mind the following requirements: charts and summary should be written on 1. The manuscript, including the summary single sheets. тел.: 962 04 42, факс: 962 04 47 Tel.: 962 04 42, Fax: 962 04 47 and texts to the illustrations should be on a 11.
    [Show full text]
  • The European Corn Borer and Its Controlling Factors in Europe
    TECHNICAL BULLETIN NO. 59 APRIL, 1928 U '\Y. -M '^L: THE EUROPEAN CORN BORER AND ITS CONTROLLING FACTORS IN EUROPE BY \V. R. THOMPSON Entomologist and II. L. PARKER Associate Entomologist Division of Cereal and Forage Insects Bureau of Eriiomology UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, D. C. TECHNICAL BULLETIN No. 59 APRIL, l')28 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE WASHINGTON, D. C. THE EUROPEAN CORN BORER AND ITS CONTROLLING FACTORS IN EUROPE By W. 11. THOMPSON, Entomolofjist, íUIü H. L. TARKER, Asmclate EntomolOffist, Division of Cereal and Foraf/e Insects, Bureau of Entomology CONTENTS Page Page History and scope of the investiga- The controlling factors of Pyrausta tions in J'^uro^-e 1 nuhilalis in Europe—Continued. ïlte geojírapliical boundaries, topog- The inorganic factors of natural Fiiphy. climate, and agriculture of control 40 the areas studied 5 Artificial control 41 France 5 Interrelations and effects of the con- Spain 11 trolling factors in various parts of Italy 11 Europe ^ 42 Central Europe 1,'î France 4li Distribution, host plants, and num- Spain 53 ber of generationa of Pyravnta nu- Italy ri4 hilalis in Europe i;î i'entral Europe 57 Ttie controlling factors of Pyrausta Conclusions and recommendationB-- 59 nuhilalis in Europe 15 Literature cited 61 The parasites of Pyrausta nuhi- lalis in Europe 17 HISTORY AND SCOPE OF THE INVESTIGATIONS IN EUROPE The investigations of the European corn borer {Pyrausta nuhilalis Hübner) and its controllinfî factors in Europe, of which the results are summarized in this bulletin, were initiated in the fall of 1919 under instructions from L.
    [Show full text]
  • Breeding Plantation Tree Crops: Temperate Species S
    Breeding Plantation Tree Crops: Temperate Species S. Mohan Jain l P.M. Priyadarshan Editors Breeding Plantation Tree Crops: Temperate Species 13 Editors S. Mohan Jain P.M. Priyadarshan Helsinki University Rubber Research Institute of India Helsinki, Finland Regional Station [email protected] Agartala, India [email protected] ISBN: 978-0-387-71202-4 e-ISBN: 978-0-387-71203-1 DOI 10.1007/978-0-387-71203-1 Library of Congress Control Number: 2008937489 # Springer ScienceþBusiness Media, LLC 2009 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer ScienceþBusiness Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper springer.com Preface Tree species are indispensably supportive to human life. Due to their long life cycle and environmental sensitivity, breeding trees to suit day-to-day human needs is a formidable challenge. Whether they are edible as apple, cocoa, mango, citrus, litchi, pear, dates, and coconut or industrially essential as rubber or beverages like coffee and tea, improving yield under optimal, suboptimal, and marginal areas calls for a unified effort from scientists around the world.
    [Show full text]