Annual ENS BBQ DATE CHANGE - Page 11 www.edmontoncoinclub.com VOL 58. ISSUE 5 June 2011 Edmonton Numismatic Society

$4.25 The Planchet

Numismatic Propaganda

Numismi-App

“Tribute Penny” Late 19th C. Japan Page 6 VOL 58. ISSUE 5 June 2011 The Planchet Other Stuff Feature Articles 3 Message From The President 6 A Penny’s Worth 3 Next Meeting The Sun Ascendant A change to centuries of tradition leads to About Your Society 5 changes in foreign policy and coinage. by Marc Bink 18 Silent Auction 16 Ancient/Medieval 19 ENS Show Details Render Unto Caesar A historically important coin, not only because Coin Collecting in 22 it was issued under the reign of Tiberius but it Elementary School is also thought to be the “Tribute Penny” presented to Jesus. My Finds 23 by Terence Cheesman

Coming Events /Classified 31 NUMISMI-APP / New Members 20 PCGS Photograde The Planchet Team: Technology is changing and so must the hobby. Editor-In-Chief: Roger Grove Content Editor: Chris Hale This series explores the ‘App’ revolution and Co-Editors: Pierre Driessen & how numismatics is jumping on board, Marc Bink by discussing numismatic Apps. On-Line Distribution: Pierre Driessen by Roger Grove Printing and Mailing: Howard Gilbey 24 Pro Dolecta Exonumiae Game of Crowns : 1806 - a fateful year for the thrones of Europe CloseON THEup of Meiji COVER 1 Yen, year 26 (1893) Japan. Obverse: Dragon· 416·ONE commemorated.

2011 YEN·900. Reverse: Denomination (in Japanese kanji text) surrounded by wreath by Pierre Driessen and stylized chrysanthemum flower (Imperial Seal of Japan). Disclaimer:The opinions herein are those of the individual authors and are not necessarily those of the Edmonton Numismatic Society. The editors, at their sole discretion, reserve the right to

© The Planchet June accept or refuse any material submitted for publication. 2 Message from the President David Peter 2011-12

As summer comes up, we do a lot of travelling. We become coin tourists by trying to venture to different coin shops or attending one of the major coin conventions, either the RCNA or the ANA. Every year we offer a bursary to help cover costs, if you are interested in being a club delegate to the RCNA. These events are excellent opportunities to learn and discover numismatics beyond a local setting and to meet a lot of like-minded individuals.

June is upon us now, and we’re just coming up to our summer break. Two more events are left - our June meeting and our annual BBQ. Jeremy Martin has graciously volunteered his time and home for this year’s BBQ. I hope to see you all there: 8510 - 10 Ave, NW, Edmonton (Millwoods).

This year will be a little different, as we’ll have a summer issue of The Planchet. Those who would still like to write an article can contact Roger Grove. And if you do have the opportunity to visit one of the national events or come across something interesting this summer, we would love to hear about it at the September meeting.

David @ The Next Meeting Wednesday, June 8, 2011

Royal Alberta Museum, 12845 - 102 Avenue Meeting Start Time 7:15pm

- new ENS brochure - Sherritt update - show appraisal training update - ANA course material update - annual ENS BBQ - ENS 60th Anniversary - show progress update - posters and flyers - silent auction (bring the items you wish to sell) - show and tell (bring your recent finds and discoveries) 2011 MOVIES “Striking for Success” and “The Collector’s Choice”

For more information regarding these events, or to add an item to the agenda please send an email to [email protected] © The Planchet June 3 Northgate Stamp & Coin 12516 118 Avenue Edmonton, Alberta. T5L2K6 www.northgatestampandcoin.com Edmonton’s Fastest Growing Coin Shop • Gold • Silver Hours of Operation • USA Coins Monday...... 10:00 - 6:00 Tuesday...... 10:00 - 6:00 • World Coins Wednesday...... 10:00 - 6:00 • Canadian Coins Thursday...... 10:00 - 6:00 Friday...... 10:00 - 6:00 • Colonial Tokens Saturday...... 10:00 - 5:00 • Provincial Coins Sunday...... CLOSED • World Paper Money Holidays...... CLOSED • Canadian Paper Money • Trade Dollars/Medallions SPECIAL OFFER TO ENS MEMBERS • Royal Canadian Mint Coins • Collector Supplies 10 % OFF • Wholesale/Retail 2010/2011 Royal Canadian Mint Coins* • & MORE!

OFFICIAL DISTRIBUTOR Valid ENS membership card required Contact: Matthew Sztym Lawayne Musslewhite * Some conditions apply. Offer does not include select special issue products, bullion,780-424-8511 or face value coins. Offer only valid with presentation of a valid ENS membership card. We withhold the right to revoke the offer at any time. About Your Society

ENS Meeting, May 5, 2011 Marc Bink gave an update on the 7:28 pm the meeting was opened Sherritt items. Thirteen boxes ENS Board by David Peter, President. of miscellaneous items were The first item of discussion identified from the rolling mill as 2011 Executive was the new venue for the being of interest to the club. We Fall show, the Edmonton Hotel were able to obtain samples of David Peter - President and Convention Centre off of nearly everything that the rolling Jamie Horkulak - Past Sherwood Park Freeway. The mill produced, including some President hotel is newly renovated. Pierre world coinage. Sherritt offered informed members that we are to donate the 13 boxes to the Marc Bink - Vice President looking at having junior coin clubs ENS. The club will now need to Pierre Driessen - Treasurer do a coat check. The set up is catalogue, display the items and already there for the coat check, conduct research on them. Roger Grove - Secretary and the junior clubs will get to Directors keep all money they generate. Dan Gosling, President of the Chris Hale Marc said we will require filling RCNA, gave a short talk on the 42 volunteer slots for the show. status of Canadian clubs and how Greg Wichman This includes everything from set- clubs can help each other out. Jeremy Martin up, take-down, appraisal table, There are several clubs which are Mitch Goudreau admissions, etc. See Marc Bink if struggling and several that are you are interested in volunteering. doing very well. Something being Howard Gilbey This is a bigger show than the looked at is how the successful John Callaghan previous one, so we will require clubs can help out the ones that Marv Berger more volunteers. In the past our are struggling. volunteers have done a wonderful Larry Priestnall job, and everything has run very Pierre discussed how the pending Bob Eriksson smoothly because of them. Canada Post strike could delay Terry Cheesman members from receiving their Ermin Chow (Junior Director) There will be another silent mailed version of The Planchet. auction at this upcoming show. He then talked about a new Webmaster: Markus Molenda Howard brought consignment pricing structure that would be Librarian: forms for members. You must implemented for new members Mitch Goudreau be a member to consign items. who desired to receive The Show Chair: David Peter This time the silent auction will Planchet by mail. They would be Social Activities: run only on the Saturday trying required to pay an extra $25 to Pierre Driessen to keep it simple for everyone. cover the costs of printing The Facebook: Ermin Chow There will be a maximum of 5 Planchet, mailing and envelope. Twitter: lots for each consignor with an This $25 would be on top of the Roger Grove auction limit of 60 lots. Get your normal $15 membership fee PRIVACY POLICY consignments in ASAP, September and would only apply to new The Edmonton Numismatic Society (ENS) at the latest, so Howard can members. Any existing members does not engage in the sale nor distribution of personal information to third parties for have all items in the catalogue who currently receive The commercial purposes. All information collected in October. Some consignment Planchet by mail would continue is strictly for ENS internal use and purposes, to permit the ENS Executive and its agents forms will also be at Ray Neiman’s to receive it by mail with no to communicate with you about ENS related shop (National Pride Coin and change in cost to them, as long matters and to provide you with the full Stamp). as they keep their membership benefits of ENS membership. current. THE PLANCHET COPYRIGHT NOTICE © Copyright 2011. All information herein, David Peter asked for volunteers the design, style and format are the property 2011 to host the annual members only David discussed a new committee of the Edmonton Numismatic Society (ENS). All rights reserved. No part hereof may be BBQ this summer. Jeremy Martin that he had formed – a committee reproduced in any form or medium, electronic volunteered his house. The BBQ to review methods to take more or otherwise, without the express written will be on Sunday, June 26th, at advantage of all the current consent of the ENS Executive Committee. Current members of the ENS are entitled to 8510 – 10 Ave. NW, Edmonton. technology out there to reach make one (1) printed copy of this issue and

Thanks Jeremy for offering to host more distant members and spread to store one (1) copy in electronic format as © The Planchet June part of their membership privileges, further this year. information about numismatics. distribution is strictly prohibited. 5 Continued on page 29 The Sun Ascendant By Marc Bink

fter returning home in your car, you’ll probably settle down and boot Aup your computer to read The Planchet, upload some neat photos from your new camera, or watch TV, when you suddenly look at your watch and discover that it’s getting pretty late. So what do all of the things mentioned in this sentence have in common? They were probably all made in Japan. Just about everything having to do with modern vehicles and electronics either is entirely made in Japan, has components from that country or was designed there. Considering that over 150 years ago the

A Penny’s Worth country exported nothing to anyone and was closed off to the world, this is quite an achievement. In recent months, all eyes in By 1850 Japan was a secluded and the world were again focused closed society. There was almost on Japan, as a section of that no foreign trade, the government country went through a disaster was stable and so was the that is endemic in Japanese culture. Japan was a feudal history; an earthquake society and had been one for followed by a killer tsunami. It thousands of years. Everything will be interesting to see how was unfolding like it had for the this all plays out, but knowing past 10,000 years. The country a bit about the Japanese, was remarkably self-sufficient chances are what they rebuild in supplying its population with will be better than what existed everything it needed. There there before. was no reason to trade outside of the country or its immediate Of course this is supposed to be an area. Foreign incursions were easily article about coins, but as with most repelled. There was some local trade 10 Sen, year 8, (1875) of my coin articles, there’s quite with Korea and China, but this was Y #23 a bit of history thrown in as well. very controlled and limited. Western I’ve always been fascinated by cultures had tried to trade with Japan totalitarian states and transitions before but always wound up getting (hoping never to live in one or thrown out or eradicated. The last through an upheaval myself), great upheaval had occurred at the and the Japanese experience dawn of the Edo period (1603- of the late 19th through early 1868), when the Portuguese 20th century is very interesting. had established a mission in Japan was primarily an Nagasaki and had attempted to agrarian culture that suddenly Christianize some of the local shook off its backwardness and population. Once the Tokugawa zoomed into the forefront of Shogunate had established itself, world technology in a little under the Portuguese were driven out, 100 years. The Japanese survived and the Christians they left behind earthquakes, tsunamis, wars, and were either eradicated or driven 2011 the atom bomb to become one of the deep underground. Aside from a few world’s great economic powerhouses. very light incursions into Japan, western Of course this transition didn’t come easily culture and technology remained off-limits to or cheaply. It killed off a class of people and the Japanese public. Anyone with any exposure bankrupted the country. In a nutshell, here’s what to the West was considered suspect. But by the happened. 1850s these attitudes were beginning to change, © The Planchet June much to the consternation of the shogun and 6 A Penny’s Worth

50 Sen, Y #4, Early issue, year 4, (1871)

the local daimyos, or lesser families. The shogun want any foreigners meddling with their society or was responsible to the Emperor, who was by this government. Japanese society had very specific point reduced to a mere figurehead and kept rules and codes governing the roles of people in seclusion in Kyoto. The shogun held the real within the society, and they had some interesting national power and maintained the largest amount rules regarding what was supposed to be done of real property and tax revenue. The daimyos with the offenders. They were a very honour based controlled their “hans” (districts) and owed their people, centred around the family unit, and the allegiance to the shogun. They too generated ultimate price for loss of face for the family was revenue and taxes from property under their direct death. Each person had a role to fulfill. Western control and paid vassals to run things locally for law was considered barbaric and not as civilized as them. These were for the most part samurai, a Japanese law. The fact that everything in western warrior class. They could be loosely equated to law was open to interpretation and discussion western knights, they acted as enforcers for the was also anathema to Japanese culture. The code local daimyos, and maintained estates, lording over of Bushido ruled the land and dictated how one the local population of peasants. As such, these should behave. The fact was if one did someone families of samurai were constantly vying for more else wrong, that individual was expected to commit control and fortune; Japanese history is rife with seppuku.1 This was the honourable way out and conflicts between various families and factions, left the family a chance to continue on. Failure to all supposedly operating in the interests of the do so would inevitably result in the family’s killing Emperor. And so it continued to the point where the offender, if only to save face. Needless to say, the Tokugawa family had ruled as shoguns since that didn’t fly well with the first westerners who 1603. came over preaching Christianity and “love”. They saw the Japanese as barbaric and uncivilized. But Japan had not been entirely closed off The shogunate was determined not to have a during the last shogunate. It had been importing repeat of what had happened in China; western some Western ideas and technology, and it did powers basically running amok and treating the occasionally send people out to get educated in locals like they were uncivilized savages. To the Western ways and learn new technologies. But with Japanese the Europeans and their funny attitudes the advent of the Industrial Revolution in Europe about life, hygiene and religion made them

a gap opened up between what the Japanese had seem like barbarians, not the other way around. 2011 and what the European powers could produce, The Japanese were very determined to protect and this was especially apparent in weaponry and their sovereignty, and if they had to enter world metallurgy. commerce and politics, they had to be recognized 1Seppuku: Japanese form of ritual suicide where the person committing suicide The Japanese were by culture very xenophobic would disembowel himself with the short sword, and then be swiftly beheaded by a “second” (an aide) with the long sword. To be someone’s “second” was © The Planchet June lioncoins.com and did not trust anything foreign, nor did they considered a high honour. 7 A Penny’s Worth

1 Sen, year 7, (1874) Y #17.1 as equals and not beholden to some colonizing The Americans were the first to see some economic power. potential in Japan, and they had previously tried to make inroads there. It was primarily whaling that It all started to come apart in 1808 when the attracted westerners to this area and not reverence British frigate “Phaeton” turned up in the Nagasaki for the fine craftsmanship of samurai swords. It harbour looking for Dutch ships. The British with took Commodore Matthew Calbraith Perry and his their typical disdain for national sensitivities and squadron to get things really rolling. Perry turned borders rolled in and threatened to blow the place up with his 4 ships in Edo (now Tokyo) harbour apart if the Japanese didn’t start talking. This very suddenly in 1853. This threw the bakufu disturbed the shogun who very quickly realized (government) in turmoil, because it had absolutely that he possessed no kind of armour or weaponry no way to deal with this threat. One ship could be to repel them. It’s tough to kill a cannon or a dealt with, but not 4 at once. So it was decided musketeer with a sword. Japanese metallurgy it would be best to agree to Perry’s demands to extended only to making beautiful swords for the open foreign trade and buy some time to prepare samurai, but not much else. These swords were for what was seen as the inevitable clash. Some of real pieces of art, made by craftsmen trained in the daimyos already wanted to go to war to drive centuries old practices involving a combination the barbarians out. The Emperor wasn’t too fond of heat and cold rolling iron to form steel that of them either, having been forced to be exposed would hold an edge. But the shogun had no to someone like Perry. During this period, the cannon and no way to make them. So coming Emperor lived a very secluded lifestyle and would up with a workable solution to these pesky never see any “commoners”, especially those with western incursions was a problem. By the 1820s, a disdain for personal hygiene like that of any a movement called the “sonno joi” (“revere the seaman of the time would have had. The Emperor Emperor, expel the barbarians”) had started up in was used to people bowing before him and never earnest, and most Europeans or Westerners who had to look anyone in the face. That just doesn’t had the misfortune of being shipwrecked on Japan jive with our Western approach to things, and Perry were put to death immediately and without trial. wasn’t particularly known for his cultural sensitivity. Add a couple of famines and a few earthquakes One could say he was the first “ugly American” to during the 1830s, and there is a lot of discontent grace Japanese shores and make quite a distasteful amongst the local population. Whole families of impression. There would be more, and the Emperor

2011 samurai were being displaced and reduced to the early 20th century were descendants of samurai families, and as such, had a poverty. These would become part of the merchant natural affinity to socialize and do business together. There was never anything class and eventually form the great zaibatsu of the covert about them or immoral; it was an accepted way to do business. Here in 20 century2. the West we have laws against this sort of monopolizing; in Japan there was no need. These zaibatsu were instrumental in influencing Japanese foreign policy 2 Zaibatsu were large industrial combines formed by the heads of all the major throughout the early 20th century until they were broken up by the Allied Oc- companies in Japan. Their main purpose was to control pricing and influence cupational Government after World War II. They’ve never completely gone away

© The Planchet June government policy by presenting a uniform position on any issue that could either; they are now known as “lobbies” and still wield considerable influence affect it. The people who ran most of the large industrial companies in Japan in over the Japanese government. 8 did not want to be subjected to the old daimyos were placed the indignity of any delete of into these positions. However, it. He plotted with the bakufu they were made elective, to eventually eradicate the and most daimyos wound up foreigners. unemployed when their first tenures were completed. Taxes The bakufu decided to order were generally kept the same, A Penny’s Worth ships and cannon from the Dutch except that instead of being paid and set up a naval training to the daimyos the new federal school in Nagasaki. They quickly government would receive erected some defensive batteries them. The system by which in Edo harbour. To buy more they were paid also changed. time they concluded trade In the beginning and from time agreements with the British, immemorial they had been paid Dutch, French and Russians. in rice and the ability to forecast There were a few skirmishes rice futures. The peasantry had between local daimyos and never seen any real cash and had the foreign barbarians, but no use for it. The whole system these generally went badly ran on barter. for the Japanese. Some of the southern daimyos realized The urbanized merchant class quite early on that this was had been using a system of going to be the way the world money that was essentially would work from here on borrowed from the Chinese in, so instead of fighting the around a thousand years earlier. foreigners they made deals Brass and iron cast “mon” with them. To keep the locals circulated freely as a medium at bay the bakufu launched of exchange where sacks of rice a few defensive campaigns and large goods like cattle could against some of the more not. These mon coins looked a progressive daimyos. The lot like the ones minted in China. whole idea here was that the They were cast and only bore bakufu did not want to wind ½ Sen, year 16, (1883) information about the issuer and up like China, defenseless and Y # 16.2 the denomination on them. There subjugated under humiliating were never any portraits. They terms by foreign powers. It This became known as the Meiji all had square holes, designed realized the only way to keep Restoration. It set the stage for placing a rod through them these foreigners out was by for the next great upheaval in and filing down excess flash after industrializing and rearming its Japan, and this one, unlike the they had been removed from the armies with modern weapons. earthquakes that periodically tear cast. This square hole of course How this goal was to be arrived through there, was entirely man- had other uses. One could place at was the major problem, and made. many on a string and carry it resulted in the bakufu being them around. A certain amount replaced by more progressive The Meiji Restoration or weight of these mon coins elements which definitely felt Mutsuhito took the throne on could be translated into silver. that things were proceeding too February 3, 1867, and the Silver coinage as we know it was slowly. The old Emperor died full imperial restoration took generally unknown to the East in 1867 but not before issuing place a year later on January Asians until the introduction of edicts to have the Westerners 3, 1868. The first thing to the Mexican dollar. The Japanese evicted and eradicated. His son, change was the constitution. cast silver and gold into ingots Mutsuhito, decided to side with The shogun was overthrown and hammered or painted the the more progressive factions in favor of a constitutional weight and purity on them. But

and open the floodgates to monarchy. Democratic reforms these were used more by the 2011 the West in the hope that the were sweeping, however government and banks, hardly Japanese could learn and modify suffrage was limited to a small ever by any member of the their society along more modern percentage of the population. general public. The late issue lines and become an equal on The “hans” and the daimyos “ichibu” and “nu bu” coins were the world stage as opposed to a were replaced by prefectures, a mixture of silver and gold,

vassal of some colonial power. each ruled by a governor. At first, established along the lines of the © The Planchet June 9 10 © The Planchet June 2011 A Penny’s Worth 2, 5,10,20 and50sen,the1 yen. Coinsfrom sen. Denominations includedthe1 rin,½sen,1, currency calledtheyen, whichwas divided into100 These reformsinvolved usinga newunitof partnerships. extended intonaval treatiesandship-building the JapaneseandBritish,iteventually start ofalongandfruitfulpartnershipbetween and bankingsystem,whichitdid.Thiswas the England tocomeinandsetupitsnewcurrency the newJapanesegovernment invited theBankof dosomething.So too couldwindupiftheydidn’t to looktheChinesemainlandseehowthey going broke. Hereagain,the Japaneseonlyhad prospect ofdevaluing the“ryo” or new government was facedwiththe place forthousandsofyears, and the The Tokugawa systemhadbeenin and destroyed itseconomicsystem. a hugeoutflowofgoldfromJapan were using1:15.Thisresultedin most ofJapan’s trading partners exchange rate of1:5,whereas at thetimewas agoldtosilver stated, thesystemprevalent by thebakufu.Aspreviously be exchanged forgoldwas set the rate by whichsilver could middlemen handledcash,and in termsofpayment. The gold andsilver was overweight western meltingpotswhenJapanese 1:5 standard.Mostoftheseprobablywoundupin rarer ofthetwocountermarkedissues.TheOsakamintputginonleftside of the 1 Yen,CountermarkedwithGinmarkfromtheTokyomint,year26.(1893)Thisis the coin. KrauseY#28a2 countermark Close-up of the 1rinto2senwerebronze, therestwere and theyen was peggedatUS$0.50. Coinage signed onto theacceptedworldgold standard, on thegoldstandard.By 1897Japanofficially dollar dropped,because Japanwas essentially compared totheAmerican andthenewCanadian worldwide in1873,and thevalue of theyen European nationsatthe time.Silver was devalued Japan onabimetallicstandardlike mostofthe to theArgentine5pesocoin,effectively putting pure gold.Thusthe5yen coin was equivalent set at24.26grams ofpuresilver or1.5grams of European Congress of Economics standard by being established inOsaka.Theyen was thentied tothe In 1870thefirst“modern”mintinJapan was Kong trade dollarstoreplacetheMexicanpieces. made fromgoodsilver. Thesilver yen coin was thesame size astheMexicansilver attempted unsuccessfullytomake Hong Hong Kong afterauthorities therehad time. Mintingequipmentcamefrom coin oftrade inSoutheastAsiaatthe Mexican dollarwhichwas theprevailing same value andweightas theSpanish dollar, andtheJapanesealsoissueda The newyen coinwas pegged atthe slightly largertrade dollaruntil1897. word “yen” means “roundobject”. Gold coinsweremadeinthe1,2, officially madelaw. InJapanesethe 5, 10and20yen denominations. the “New Currency Act” wasthe “NewCurrencyAct” phased ingradually in1871after The introductionoftheyen was Continued onpage12 ENS Annual BBQ

Free for members in good standing.

Your host for this year's event is Jeremy Martin.

Event details are as follows: Date: Sunday - June 26, 2011 Arrival time: 4:00 pm Address: 8510 - 10 Ave NW (Millwoods)

Food, cutlery, plates and glasses will be provided by the ENS. We ask that you please bring the beverage(s) of your choice and a lawn chair to sit in. If you wish to bring a desert and/or salad to share with fellow members please do so.

Please RSVP to [email protected] by Wednesday, June 15 2011 to confirm you are coming. This will allow Jeremy to plan for the appropriate number of attendees.

Please indicate if you are coming solo, bringing your spouse or a guest. 2011 © The Planchet June 11 Continued from page 10 survive in a world economy. Since a lot of their agrarian livelihood was replaced by huge new factories, the common people suffered too. The education system was overhauled and given a more technical emphasis. When it came to literacy, the Japanese were ahead of the game. Most of the population was at least barely literate, which was better than Victorian England where only 40% could claim the same. By limiting foreign investment and capital in the country, the Japanese government helped local industries. It preferred to maintain full control over the economy to prevent a similar situation from occurring in Japan to that which had happened in China, where foreign companies actually ruled over the government.

The final process by which the new national government consolidated its hold on the country A Penny’s Worth was the abolishing of the old “han” system and returning the domains of the Emperor. Previously, the Emperor had been divorced from the political system and was mainly a figurehead with no real Nu Bi, (2 Bu) Pre-Meiji era coinage, this power. The Tokugawa shogunate was the power one is also late in the Ansei era, circa that most daimyos (and their hans) were beholden 1856-60. Krause C # 21b. to. Once the order came to abolish the shogunate and re-establish the rule of the Emperor, some weights followed suit as silver was daimyos and hans held out for obvious reasons. devalued, making some of the initial strikings of the Meiji yen scarce, as they were essentially overweight. Soon western style money became more coveted than rice as the yen gained currency through all of Japanese society. The older coinage disappeared and was probably melted down.

Other things changed drastically in Japan during this period. The Napoleonic Code of law was adopted in Japan to replace the older feudal legal system and to prevent Westerners from setting up their own system of justice outside of the local structure like they had done in China. Japanese society had been increasingly urbanized throughout the 19th century, and now this process was accelerated due to industrialization. The Japanese embarked on a crash program

2011 of industrialization which caused many of the older established samurai families to lose all their wealth. They, in turn, embraced the new society and realized Koban, (1 Ryo) Pre-Meiji era currency, this one is a later one that they had to be better than from about 1859. Krause C # 22c.

© The Planchet June their foreign competitors to joelscoins.com 12 They did not want to see their power bases eroded nor their incomes disappear. So the transition was managed in stages, first with the replacement of those daimyos who had supported the shogun during the Boshin War of 1868. Then, the daimyo became the ruler of

the new prefecture and gave up his hereditary A Penny’s Worth authority in favour of the Emperor. In order to sweeten the pot these daimyos were permitted to keep 10 percent of the tax revenues of the new prefectures, which was a better deal than what they had under the old shogunate. As it was, only 14 hans refused to submit to 20 Sen, Y #3, Early issue, year 3. (1870) the Emperor. These were dealt with in a court of law under threat of military action. The process was more or less wrapped up by 1869, when the denominations were usually written in Japanese, “daimyo system” of peerages was abolished, and and the denomination was also written in English a new system called “kazoku” was implemented. on the obverse. Following age old tradition, no This created a whole new class of nobles and portraits of anyone were ever struck on Japanese a bureaucratic system much like that in any coinage. This is still true today. The silver yen coin European monarchy. The domains, or “hans”, were also has its fineness and weight in grains written legally abolished by Imperial edict in 1871, and on it, that being .900 silver and 416 respectively. the daimyos were then placed on the government Note that the very first Meiji issues generally payroll. They had still retained a great deal of fiscal did not have an English legend, but it became and military autonomy in their areas prior to that standard with the second issue. The reverse side date, and this was considered a major threat to the always featured the Chrysanthemum as part of the central authority. So in order to sweeten the pot legend, reflecting the supremacy of the Emperor. even further, the imperial government promised to The weight of the silver coinage was reduced absorb the daimyos’ debts, reorganize the domain after the 1873 devaluation to better reflect its currency at par with the national currency, and true value. The older issues, being overweight, pay a generous stipend. Eventually this became no doubt disappeared rapidly which accounts for unworkable, so the stipend was converted into their higher values to collectors. Gold and silver government bonds with a face value of 5 years’ freely circulated together, and all of these early worth of stipends and paid 5% interest per annum. issues are fairly rare and very expensive now. Realizing that deal was about as good as it was Base metal coinage changed little throughout the going to get, most daimyos took the money and Meiji era. However, there are two distinct precious ran. There were a few holdouts that had to be metal issues, the earlier one being more valuable dealt with in a traditionally barbarous Japanese to collectors. There are variations on the 10 sen fashion, or they brutally took care of themselves. coin, mostly in how the characters in the legend This process was completed by 1874 and marks were struck. Some, like the 1880 (year 13) 10 and the close of the political turmoil in Japan. 20 sen pieces command huge prices. The 1 yen in silver and the Trade Dollar issue were demonetized Finally, the coins in 1897. There was a certain amount of 1 yen The first issues to circulate freely in Japan were silver coins that wound up getting countermarked countermarked Mexican 8 reales pieces imported and sent off to new Japanese possessions in by westerners. The Japanese values attributed Korea, China, and Taiwan. These coins at first to these coins were countermarked on the were thought to be defaced Japanese coinage, but obverse sides. The practice of countermarking it was realized that they were countermarked to coins with “chop” marks was common in East prevent them from re-entering Japan and being Asia. These marks were signatures of assayers, used as regular coinage. Placement of the “gin” who could attest to the weight and purity of the mintmark indicates which Japanese mint marked coin. After the countermark was issued, the coin them. Osaka placed its mark on the left, and Tokyo placed its on the right. The Tokyo issue is would freely circulate for the value expressed 2011 in the countermark. These generally date to much rarer than the Osaka issue. Of course, the around 1859. Empire coinage started appearing gold issues are rare. Many probably wound up in in 1873. Coinage designs were fairly elaborate the melting pot for whatever reason. Early silver and modern. On Meiji era coins a curled dragon yens are quite pricey too. Mintage figures for dominated the obverse with the denomination all Japanese coins are fairly high, but as stated

surrounded by a wreath on the reverse. Dates and before, many were hoarded, collected or melted © The Planchet June lioncoins.com 13 14 © The Planchet June 2011 A Penny’s Worth designs andhave tobedecipheredcorrectly. misleading, becausetheysharesomeofthesame later Taisho andearlyShowa coinscanbequite the Meijiera coinsarequitestraightforward, the Japanese characters andera namesinthem.While books have agoodchartwithmostofthepopular for decipheringthesedatesandreigns.These Standard CatalogofWorldCoins date ontheright.AgoodguidesuchasKrause with thenameofreignappearingbefore numbers. Characters arereadfromrighttoleft, and onlyrecentlyhave appearedinwestern-style are usuallyexpressedinJapanesecharacters the currentEmperortookthrone.Thedates Japanese preferinsteadtodatecoinsfromwhen a westernstyle datingsystemisnotused.The Dates onJapanesecoinscanbeconfusing,as down over theyears. Two LeavesTwo Reverse sold for Type, $253,000 USincluding buyers 1795 B-2,BB-20 Flowing Hair Heritage Auctions2011JuneLong Beach SignatureUSCoinAuction Dollar, MS65 premium. isindispensable

economics searchableby topic. Wikipedia articlesonJapanesehistoryand (Iola, Wisconsin:Krause Publications). Background informationonlate19 Edited by JohnHammerton(London: 1908). Hammerton, John(ed.). A History.(Buffalo, N.Y.: 2007) Eagleton, CatherineandJonathanWilliams. Sources: quite anachievement! economic superpowersinalittleover 100years - economy hasgrownintooneoftheworld’s As such,thelittlecountrywithabackward to buytheworldthantrytake itover militarily. sovereignty toomuchandrealized that itiseasier to recover economicallywithoutcompromisingits existbefore.Itwaselasticity able toitthatdidn’t defeat. BythistimeJapanesesociety hadacertain culminated withtheSecondWorld War andtheir for equaltreatmentamongnationseventually better thanalloftheircompetitors.Theirdesire inferiority complex,drove themtobebiggerand self protection,withtheresultingself-inflicted modern industrialone.TheJapanesedesirefor transition fromafeudal agrarian economy intoa history theyrepresent.Herewas asociety in can befairlyrewarding whenoneconsidersthe Collecting nineteenthcenturyJapanesecoins Catalogue ofWorldCoins,19 Krause, ChesterL.andCliffordMishler. sold for $161,000 USincluding 1918/7-D Buffalo Nickel, MS64+ Only Three Finer PCGSCoins, buyers premium. Harnsworth Encyclopedia th Century th centuryJapan. www.ha.ca , 4 Standard th Edition Money. . An exciting new offer from

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phone: 1-800-408-0352 online: www.canadiancoinnews.ca mail: Canadian Coin News PO Box 28103, Lakeport PO, 600 Ontario St., St. Catharines, ON L2N 7P8 Please mention or note this ad when you place your order *2 YRS (52 ISSUES) • AB, MB, PE, QC, SK, Territories: $76.60 • BC: $81.70 • NB, NL, ON: $82.43 • NS: $83.89 • USA: $78.97 (US$) *1 YR (26 ISSUES) • AB, MB, PE, QC, SK, Territories: $44.05 • BC: $46.98 • NB, NL, ON: $47.40 • NS: $45.24 • USA: $45.05 (US$) *Offer applies to new subscribers only. New subscribers are defined as a subscription delivered to a person whose name has never received Canadian Coin News, or an address that has never received Canadian Coin News. Available to Canadian subscribers only. Payment must accompany order to receive the King George VI 50-cent piece. Payment methods accepted: Visa, MasterCard, Cheque, Money Order. Please allow up to 4 weeks for delivery of your first issue ENSJ11 Render Unto Caesar By Terence Cheesman

few weeks ago I went to Calgary to attend a lecture on the coinage of AMarc Antony delivered by Andrew Meadows who is a scholar currently working in the American Numismatic Society in New York City. Because of the snow, the trip to and from Calgary was entertaining, but the lecture was well worth the trip. Perhaps the most important thing I learned was that the interplay among the players, which included the Roman administration of Marc Antony, the administration of Cleopatra, and the administrations of the various smaller kingdoms as well as autonomous

Ancient/Medieval city states was quite complex and worthy of attention. Perhaps the only downside, apart from the weather, was that the lecture was on the same day as “Bermuda Shorts Day” which is held at the University of Calgary on the last day of classes. It is a day when many of the students get drunk, and I got my fill of really ugly shorts, blinding white skinny legs, loud talk, and as young people have trouble holding their liquor, you really did not want to go to anywhere near the toilets. However Usually he another has a group reason for of more the trip was expensive that Robert coins that is Kokotailo complimented was coming by a group of back from coins picked the Chicago from hoard International lots. The hoard Coin Fair and lots were was bringing absent this back with time, though him the there was a coins he had nice group bought. It is of coins of not often that I am first up to see what is new, and Maximinus II from about 313 A.D. It is possible it was worth it to me to stay in Calgary just to see that the large hoard lots were absent from the the new coins. It was also going to be interesting show, or the offerings were of poor quality. The to see how the current extremely competitive overall number of coins seemed to be rather small market was going to impact his buying trip. I as well. The ancient coin market is extremely hot, made my way to his shop early in the afternoon especially for coins of high quality, and it is very and found his partner, Tom Preston, being run off hard for smaller dealers to find stock that they his feet by people trying to sell silver and gold. can sell at a competitive rate. Some of the larger With silver at $40 an ounce and gold somewhere coin companies simply take all their coins and around $1480 an ounce the store was very place them straight into auctions. However I did

2011 reminiscent of the great boom back in the early managed to find one coin that I liked. nineties. Despite rather pessimistic theories as to when he might make it back from the show, he did The coin in question is a silver denarius of Tiberius show up at about 3 PM, and I got to look at the who ruled from 14 to 37 A.D. On the obverse is TI. coins. CAESAR DIVI AVG. F. AVGVSTVS. In full this would read TIBERIUS CAESAR DIVI AUGUSTUS FILIUS The type of coins he brought back was a little AUGUSTUS. Loosely translated it means “Tiberius, © The Planchet June different from what I normally see from him. descendant of Julius Caesar and son of the divine 16

2011 June Planchet The ©

Ancient/Medieval 17 84660 ! ROPRIETOR SFTT! TAH ,P 633 ,U

OX Q 801-318-5768 B : JOU USA ORK F INNEGAN Since 2000 Since 2004 Since P.O. F N www.pennypressmint.com [email protected] P. : : ELEPHONE PANISH T S ______ELLY FOOZ! Encasing Coins of the World MAIL EBSITE K E W Manufacturers of Medals & Tokens Manufacturers of Medals & Tokens Q in Judea or Galilee during this period. Again the Again period. this Galilee during or in Judea for it difficult very it would that is so ingrained term to be eliminated. of in the city been minted would have This coin denarii at The France. modern Lyons, Lugdunum, as most of the France, were struck in this time on Empire was Roman the effort made by military been against the Germans. It has the Rhine frontier during to Rome moved mint was thought that this that but it seem more likely the reign of Caligula, the Emperor Nero, by to Rome moved the mint was Rome in to the great fire of perhaps as a response rebuilding a massive which necessitated 64 A.D. program. Perhaps this coin is best known as being the this coin is best known as being Perhaps the The term comes from one of Penny”. “Tribute In Testament. most popular stories in the New individuals confronted by this story Jesus was thorny him into discussing the to trap who wanted to to God and loyalty relationship between loyalty elegant. He asked answer was the state. Christ’s been used coin which would have to see a silver When he asked owed to Rome. the taxes to pay whose image and titles were on the coin they He then responded, “Render replied “Caesar’s”. the and unto Caesar the things that are Caesar’s to given The coin to God.” things that are God’s of been one considered to have Jesus is generally on the denarii of Tiberius these, because the type is so static. There is absolutely no proof of this, slim. The only grounds and the evidence is very a coin of Tiberius is that the reply for favouring which simply Caesar and not Caesar Augustus was one of those would indicate that the coin was Furthermore not a single minted for Augustus. specimen of this coin has been found in a hoard or in an archaeological context within the modern This is surprising, as these coins state of Israel. as India, but it would as far away been found have not be impossible that these coins did not circulate Unlike most Emperors Tiberius minted very few few Tiberius minted very most Emperors Unlike his minted by had been In fact this type types. For from about 11 A.D. predecessor Augustus of the reign of the last 15 years approximately charge of the in effective Tiberius was Augustus little cared very Empire. Tiberius seemed to have purposes, and the for using coinage for propaganda minted static. This denarius was became very types as the reverse soon after the death of Augustus, chair similar to shows unornamented legs of the some time later At those on the coins of Augustus. ornate, and a the legs of the chair become very Pax added. Sometimes the figure of footstool was mother of Tiberius. is described as being Livia, the can be described Thus in some books the reverse mind this is simply a my seated. To as Livia as Pax real evidence, but any unsupported by convention it would be almost it is so firmly entrenched that impossible to overturn. Augustus, the Magnificent.“ The reverse features features reverse The the Magnificent.“ Augustus, sceptre a right holding facing seated Peace or Pax in her left. branch olive hand and an in her right would In full this is PONTIF MAXIM. The legend this translated Loosely MAXIMUS. read PONTIFEX the beginning At builder.” bridge means “greatest as the literal, the title was Republic of the Roman River the Tiber over maintain the bridges need to these since the tolls over important, very was for the state. a vital source of revenue bridges was referred to the priests later the meaning However gap between men and the gods. who bridged the that title. Tiberius on this coin still use The Popes chief priest as well as his care his title of advertises peace. promoting for the Empire by EDMONTON NUMISMATIC SOCIETY

COIN SHOW & SALE November 5, 2011

SILENT AUCTION CONSIGNMENT FORM

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INFORMATION on Consigning.

1. There will be NO RESERVE BIDS on any Lot. 2. All lots will have a STARTING BID of Face Value plus 10%, OR Bullion Value plus 10%, OR 60% of Trends/Catalogue/Estimated Value. 3. There is NO BUYERS FEE. 4.Bidding Increments and Consignor’s fee will be based on the Final Sale Price, ( if sold ) OR the Starting Bid Price ( if not sold ) using the fee schedule below.

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$1.00 to $19.00 $1.00 $20.00 to $49.00 $2.00 $50.00 to $99.00 $5.00 $100.00 or more $10.00

CONSIGNED LOTS Country Denomination Year Description Estimated Value Starting Bid 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

2011 Consignor ______Lots Received By ______Signature Signature ______Print Return to Howard Gilbey along with consignment items. © The Planchet June 18 The HOTTEST Show In Town ... Edmonton’s Coin Show and Sale

November 5 & 6, 2011

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Edmonton Hotel & Convention Centre 4520 - 76 Avenue Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6B 0A5 (780) 468-5400 for reservations use code: CSE or just say Coin Show Edmonton for special show guest room rates.

Special Features: Gold Coin Draw - Door Prizes - Silent Auction - Appraisal / Valuation Table -

Numismatic Displays - Club Table 2011 58 Tables and over 40 dealers

Sponsored by the Edmonton Numismatic Society © The Planchet June 19 PCGS Photograde

By Roger Grove

he Internet has changed the face of coin collecting into a rather faceless Thobby. With the expanded availability of coins for purchase and countless new potential buyers and markets, there is less need for face-to- face interaction. Some numismatists think that the Internet will lead to the downfall of coin shops and bourses, but others believe it is actually helping to stimulate new and varying interests and it therefore will help local coin shops and shows in the long run. One way the Internet can help is by allowing dealers to solicit customers from around the world who had not Numismi-App been able to purchase from them. The other way it aids is by the incredible machine of information it has become. Now the average collector has more information at their disposal than ever before and can be fevered to buy new and exciting items they just learned about. A relatively new addition within the related Apps out there so I can’t get to Worldwide Web is the introduction of them all, but I will review select ones as ‘Apps’. With the Internet available on time and space allow. When it comes to smart-phones, now the power of the App hunting, there will be something there Internet is portable and at everyone’s for many, but not necessarily for everyone. fingertips. The App market has grown We all have different collecting wants, into a huge billion-dollar industry, and needs and niches: and so do those who the numismatic market is just starting create the Apps. The App scene seems to to enter into it. be lacking in Canadian content, so if your collecting focus is in Canadian decimal, First, what is an “App’? An App is an Canadian tokens or paper money, you executable file, otherwise known as may not find what you want in all of the an ‘application’. Downloaded over available Apps. BUT … this doesn’t mean the Internet from an ‘App Store’, an they don’t exist; it may mean I have yet App can be installed on a computer or to find them. After all, there are hundreds portable smart-phone. The most well of thousands of Apps available. known ‘App Store’ belongs to Apple and is designed for the IPhone, IPad and IPod. App Types of Apps Stores are also available to all other smart-phones, There are two main types of Apps – ‘free’ and but for the purposes of this article I will only those that the user must pay for. Many free ones discuss applications found in the Apple App Store. are excellent tools for the collector and researcher, 1 When it comes to Apps, there are thousands of but many free ones are also free for a reason. The free Apps and thousands more that the user must same can be said for Apps which must be paid for, pay for. When paying for an App, it is a good idea just like any other consumer purchase – buyer to review the description in detail as well as the beware. Some are excellent and some are not. feedback from other users prior to purchasing. Many free Apps will be a teaser of the paid version, Once an App is purchased there are no refunds. providing limited access or only a few tidbits so the user can be enticed enough to buy the full Over a series of articles I intend to provide readers product. Some free Apps may give full access to 2011 with a detailed ‘App review’ of numismatic Apps. the program but only allow a limited number of The types of Apps and their uses are limited only accesses until the full version is purchased: more by the imagination of the people who develop information to be aware of in the world of Apps. them. Some will prove to be excellent resources, while others will be deleted as fast as you When it comes to numismatics, there are hundreds download them. There are hundreds of numismatic of Apps out there that might interest the user. The © The Planchet June

1 The Apps available in one App Store are usually available in others. first thing most collectors will enter into the App http://bindapple.com/what-is-an-iphone/ 20 Store search is ‘coin’. It seems reasonable, but the when the word ‘coin’ is searched the user will find a plethora of coin-flip Apps (in case you don’t have a coin to flip when you need it2). Also ‘coin dozer’ Apps will appear. You remember them … go to any amusement park and you will see a machine with coins piled high just waiting for you to drop one more in and they all will drop for you to take. Well, the App stores are full of these too. Simply adding a letter after the word coin will bring you to a world of neat numismatic things to explore. “Coin c” will bring up many coin collecting Apps etc. If you really want to find something useful, use search terms that mean something to our industry, such as ‘numismatic’. Numismi-App

PCGS Photograde – Free App The first App I will discuss is an App by PCGS (Professional Coin Grading Services) out of the USA. This site will be most useful to those who collect US coins. The App is called “PCGS Photograde”. It lists all regular issued US coins, and shows detailed high-resolution pictures of grades ranging from Poor-1 to MS-69. It shows full-colour details of the obverse and reverse of everything from ½ cents to $20 gold coins, from the US first minted coins in the late 1700’s to modern current issues. Imagine having the power of this App in your hands when you are buying or selling a US coin: you will always have a grading book with you. On Apple products, you can also zoom in on the image to get a closer look at the fine details. Another benefit is that this app not only shows you all normally used grades, but it also provides the less frequently used grades, such as VG- 10, F-15, VF-35, XF-45, all the AU grades (AU-50, 53, 55, and 58) and every grade in mintstate as high as PCGS has a graded sample for. It’s an incredibly handy resource if you need to grade a coin on the go. This App also has a link to the commentary of what constitutes each grade. There is also a link to the PCGS Price Guide, which details the current market prices for PCGS coins in all grades including major varieties. If there is any drawback to this App, it is that the commentary for each grade is generic and not specific to the coin type. 2011 Recommendation: Get it Rating: 5 coins 2 Many Apps like this are free and have contests to see who can have the most flips (the user jerks the smart-phone to flip the coin). One coin-flip site had a user with well over 200,000 flips – and these are not the ‘flips’ that coin collec- tors use. Plus you can reach bonus stages and get different coins to use … if you © The Planchet June purchase them. 21 Coin Collecting in Elementary School By James The Planchet will be featuring a series of reports by children in grade 2 - 6 enrolled at The Progressive Academy in Edmonton, who share their views on coin collecting and on their school coin club. 2011 © The Planchet June 22 C andAinCanadatotherightoftorchvarieties have yet tobecatalogued. The 1943dotnickels werefirstidentifed by Hans Zoell (B173n),withthedotin4.Thebetween minted forgeneral circulation.Itisnotknowniftheyallcarriedthedateof1944. identify thesecoinsbeingmintedin1944, wheremintreportsindicatethat8,0001944nickels were These dotcoinsarefrom1943tombacnickels. The dot isthoughtthatitcouldbeamintmarker to This month’s MyFindsareprovided by ENSmemberDeanSilver. Photosby DeanSilver. By theENSMembership

My Finds 23 Finds My © The Planchet June 2011 GAME of CROWNS By Pierre Driessen

was a tumultuous year for the crowned heads of Europe, 1806great and small alike. This year marked the start of a policy by Napoléon I, Emperor of the French, which struck fear into the hearts of

(For the Love of Exonumia) the old ruling houses of Europe, shaking them to their very foundations.

When in 1815, following the Battle of Waterloo, the To those in power the shock was one of disbelief dust had finally settled, the political and dynastic at the drastic departure from the centuries old landscape of Europe had changed radically. Those dynastic and political game, which essentially was rulers who remained breathed a collective sigh of an ebb and flow of power but kept more or less an relief. Unlike a great many ancient dynasties and uneasy balance. For others who had seen Napoléon states, which had vanished, they had survived as the embodiment of the revolution, such as and in some instances even prospered. What Ludwig van Beethoven, it shattered all illusions that had occurred could rightly be termed the “Game a new democratic order had been established. The of Crowns”. The implications and consequences old rulers saw Napoléon as a parvenu, a usurper, of this political policy continued to reverberate while to liberals he became a tyrant. in European politics and relations long after Napoleon’s second and final abdication in 1815. For propaganda purposes, to advertise French and Some historians will argue that even today the dust Napoleon’s power, a commemorative medal was has not truly settled. struck. It is filled with not so subtle symbolism and

Pro Dolecta Exonumiae makes plain Napoléon’s ability to reorder Europe to Following his coronation on 2 December 1804 as his ends. Emperor of the French in Paris and as King of Italy on 26 May 1805 in Milan, Napoléon set upon a THE MEDAL course which he hoped would consolidate his power and secure the future of his dynasty. Within France SOUVERAINETÉS DONNÉES / SOVEREINTIES he revived many of the Ancien Regime’s features, GIVEN the most important of which was his creation of a new aristocracy. By bestowing titles, incomes OBVERSE: and granting estates he hoped to bind France’s powerful to him.

Outside France he sought allies. Through a mixed policy of intimidation, flattery and outright bribery he co-opted many of Europe’s rulers to his side. Those who proved willing, however reluctantly, he generally left in place. The rulers he thought of special importance he elevated in status and expanded their territories. When and where expedient he deposed and created new states.

Napoléon’s brilliant victory at the Battle of Austerlitz on 2 December 1805 over the powers of the Third Coalition - composed of Austria, Russia and Great Britain - solidified his position domestically and internationally, in both the 2011 military and political spheres. Napoléon took the opportunity to begin redistributing the crowns of numerous states to his relatives, trusted subordinates and allies.

This, together with his coronations in France © The Planchet June and Italy, managed to offend almost everyone. 24 Jean PierreDroz This designwas executed by head. wreath orcrownofvictoryonhis or victoriousgeneral, thelaurel Napoléon asaRoman imperator right facingportrait bustof strong-featured truncated The obverse featurestheiconic, their wings in suchaposition sides andarms areeagleswith the imperialthrone.Forming its with symbolism.Onthe rightis This faceofthemedalis filled of 1806. France’s mosttalented artists- yearly exhibitionoftheworks was displayed at theSalon-a his workonthismedal,which Andrieu was paid1200francs for medal engraver anddesigner. prolific andarguablyitsbest the Paris MedalMint’s most Bertrand Andrieu The engraving was doneby Rome. the returntripfromFlorenceand while inDenon’s entourage on passed away in1811atPerugia battles andimportantevents. Zix of Napoleonicceremonies, as officialgraphic historiographer throughout Europe,functioning Denon onhisextensive travels a sketch artist.Heaccompanied cultural andthearts,in1805as and Napoléon’s ministerof Denon, Paris MedalMintdirector Zix enteredtheserviceofVivan which hewas paid24francs. Benjamin Zix The reverse was designed by REVERSE: for 1806. Paris MedalMint)-andMDCCCVI for Vivant Denondirector(ofthe DENON DIREX-whichstands King). Belowthetrunkisfound ROI.” proclaims: “NAPOLEONEMP. ET the newemperor. Thelegend for theearlymedalportraits of talented engravers, responsible of theParis MedalMint’s most (Napoléon Emperorand (1772 -1811) (1746 -1823) (1761 -1822) , for , one , with thebeginnings oftheFrench Napoléon, his ruleanddynasty the Frenchpeopleandlinks and contemporary symbolsof bring togethertheancient throne, mantleandsceptre d 814A.D.) Charles V is thatofHolyRoman Emperor Clovis people. Itwas associatedwith very beginningsoftheFrankish symbol thatdatesbacktothe emblem, anancientFrenchroyal bee was Napoléon’s personal are decorated withbees.The with globes,andthesides throne’s uprightsaresurmounted as iftakingoffforflight.The sceptre ofCharlemagne According toLaskey itisthe varies amongstthesources. Exactly whichsceptreisdepicted against oneoftheuprights. throne, whileasceptreleans over theseatandbackof The imperialmantleisdraped King oftheFranks. (b 466-d511A.D.) , whileZeits claimsit (b 1500-d58) . The , thefirst (b 742-

triumphal processionsladenwith those carriedduringRoman or rather aplatformnotunlike To theleftisaceremonialtable heritage ofAncientRome. French Empire,linkalltothe eagles, thesymbolofFirst a pan-Europeanstate,whilethe the realizationofdream his claimontheirheritageand European continent.Itsignifies across thegreaterpartof whose domainshadextended with thetwoEuropeanrulers French. ItalsolinksNapoléon his roleasEmperorofthe nation andpeople,legitimizing and duchies, representingthe those ofkingdoms, principalities sceptres. Thecrownsshown are haphazardly, crowns and On thetableareplaced, rather be fed. loops throughwhichpolescould can seetheeyes ofthemetal you lookcloselyatthelegsyou treasure -thespoilsofwar. If

Pro Dolecta Exonumiae Dolecta Pro 25 Exonumia) of Love the (For

© The Planchet June 2011 states, which had been granted, of Naples. His kingdom was Charles de Talleyrand-Périgord, created or elevated by Napoléon. comprised of the southern part Napoléon’s foreign minister, with of the Italian peninsula. The the title of Sovereign Prince. Gifts to Napoléon’s relatives: previous Bourbon occupant fled to Sicily, the part of his kingdom Principality of Ponte Corvo: It is to his family and relatives not under French control, but A tiny principality in south- that Napoléon was most rather under British protection. western Italy was created in generous when he began to 1806 by Napoléon from lands divide the spoils of his victories. Kingdom of Holland: taken from the Papal States, as He hoped that this would create Louis, Napoléon’s younger a gift for Marshall Bernadotte. a strong foundation for his brother, was created King of It was granted in 1812 to empire and dynasty. It proved Holland on 5 June 1806. This Prince Napoleon Lucien Charles

(For the Love of Exonumia) to be a double edged sword and kingdom was created from the Murat, Napoléon’s nephew, after

more often created resentment, Seven Provinces, which had Bernadotte had became crown divided loyalties and conflict comprised the Batavian Republic. prince of Sweden in 1810. amongst his avaricious family. Forgetting that it was their Duchy of Guastalla: Gifts to Napoléon’s allies: brother’s efforts, which had Given to another of Napoléon’s raised them from very humble sisters, Pauline and her husband 1805 was an annus horribilis for provincial origins to their Camillo, the Prince Borghese, this Austria. It suffered humiliating exulted positions, they believed Duchy of Guastalla was located defeats at Ulm, the battle being themselves entitled. It was in north central Italy. Pauline fought from 25 September to 20 especially his sisters who felt quickly sold the duchy to the October, and was dealt a near slighted and schemed against, commune of Parma for six million coup de grâce at the Battle of often contrary to their brother’s francs but kept the title. Austerlitz on 2 December. As a interests, to increase their share. result she was forced to sign the Principality of Lucca & Piombino: humiliating Treaty of Pressburg Vice Regency of Italy: Piombino and Lucca, located on 26 December. The terms Pro Dolecta Exonumiae On 16 February 1806 Napoléon on the west coast of the Italian involved substantial losses of adopted as his son Eugene peninsula near present day territories in Germany, Italy and Beauharnais, the son of his Tuscany, were given to Élise, Switzerland, acknowledgement of wife and empress Joséphine by Napoléon’s eldest sister, and France’s primacy in Germany and her first marriage. He created her husband Felice Pasquale the payment of an indemnity of him Viceroy of Italy and Heir Baciocchi on 19 March and 14 40 million francs. Presumptive to the Kingdom July 1805 respectively. They were if Napoléon himself failed to combined into one principality. As a result of this treaty, produce a male heir. Napoléon elevated his allies, Gifts to Napoléon’s officials: the Electorates of Bavaria and Grand Duchy of Baden: Württemberg, to the status of On 4 March 1806 Napoléon To bind his high officials to him kingdoms. Furthermore their adopted Stéphanie, niece of and to show that loyalty would territorial size was increased at Empress Joséphine, and married be richly rewarded, Napoléon the expense of Austria. her to Louis the Electoral throughout his reign created and Prince of Baden. At the same gave states, however small, to Taking advantage of his new time he elevated Baden from a numerous of his officials, some of dominance, Napoléon began margraviate to a grand duchy. which are commemorated with the reorganization of areas this medal. under French control. In the Grand Duchy of Berg-Cleves: German territories he created On 20 March 1806 Napoléon’s Duchy of Valengin and the Confederation of the Rhine. brother-in-law Joachim Murat, Principality of Neuchâtel: With Napoléon as Protector, married to Caroline Bonaparte, Napoléon’s chief of staff Marshall its members would eventually was created the Grand Duke Berthier was made Duke of include all German rulers, 2011 of Cleves and Berg, located Valengin and Prince of Neuchâtel, with the exception of those of in present-day southwestern both located in the northwestern Austria, Prussia, Brunswick and Germany. part of present day Switzerland. the Elector of Hesse. Together with the Treaty of Pressburg, Kingdom of Naples: Principality of Benevento: this spelled the death of the On 30 March 1806 Joseph Benevento, a papal possession 1000-year-old Holy Roman © The Planchet June Napoléon was created King in southern Italy, was granted to Empire. 26 November 1806attheBattles of humiliatingly defeatedon11 1806 andwas soundlyand declared war onFrance inmid- Then whenPrussiafoolishly which seized it inearly1806. when France ceded ittoPrussia, in late1805,losingitagain Britain brieflyregainingcontrol between 1801and1806,with power capturedandoccupiedit both France andPrussia.Each III, whichhadbeenaprize for the UnitedKingdomby George ruled inpersonalunionwith that oftheElectorate ofHanover, The othercrownonthegroundis Emmanuel IIin1861. peninsula underKingVictor unification oftheItalian the springboardforultimate of Viennain1815andbecame re-established attheCongress in theregion.Thekingdomwas from establishingnaval bases move, toprevent theBritish in 1802.Thiswas adefensive the islandofElba,by France were annexed, togetherwith Kingdom ofPiedmont-Sardinia Republics, theterritoriesof into theItalianandLigurian reorganization ofnorthernItaly Following Napoléon’s Italy. into theNapoleonicKingdomof which inturnwas incorporated Pressburg Austria lostVenice, a resultofthe1805Treaty of control on18January1798.As was cededtoAustria, whichtook Formio, 12October1797,Venice Prussia. IntheTreaty ofCampo - France againstAustria and the War oftheFirstCoalition conquered theterritoryduring 1100 years, whenNapoléon independence aftermorethan On 12May 1797Venice lostits Venice. Dodge oftheSereneRepublic of next towhichliesthecapof and theElectorate ofHannover, Kingdom ofSardinia-Piedmont fallen off, arethecrownsof At thefootoftable,asif Archbishopric ofSalzburg. the secularized landsofthe was inturncompensatedwith Duke ofTuscany Ferdinand III, territory, theHabsburg Grand Italy. Thepreviousrulerofthis of theirterritoriesinnorthern Bourbons ofParma forloss Spain. Itcompensatedthe as partofanagreementwith was created in 1801 by Napoléon, part ofwhatistoday Tuscany, Kingdom ofEtruria,thelarger identifiable by itsfleur-de-lis. The right onthetableandclearly of Etruria,placedfurthesttothe This isthecrownofKingdom Consul oftheFrenchRepublic. he hadbestowedwhileFirst medal alsoincludesone,which Napoléon’s coronations,the the bestowal ofcrownsfollowing In additiontocommemorating Kingdom ofHannover in1814. ruler GeorgeIIIdeclareditthe Hannover was restored,andits until 1813.In1814theHouseof Jerôme. Frenchcontrollasted Napoléon’s youngest brother of Westphalia, granted to of thenewlycreatedKingdom time thestatewas toformpart again occupiedHannover. 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- thecreation oftheDuchy of kingdom in 1807; of Saxony tothestatusofa - theelevation oftheElectorate were: commemorated by this medal, shuffling ofstates,although not distributions ofcrowns and The mostimportantsubsequent influence. those over whichheexercised regions hecontrolleddirectlyand landscape ofEuropethe the dynasticandpolitical Napoleon continuedtoreshape fact thatthroughouthisreign The eagleisemblematicofthe Empire. their statesasfiefsoftheFrench are dominant,andtherulershold is France andheremperorwho held throughFrenchlargess.It the tablearedistributedby and the medalthatcrownson and makes plaintoallwhosee is asceptre.Thissymbolizes thunderbolt. Withinthefasces talons, rather thanthetraditional majestic birdholdsafascesinits - theimperialeagle.Herethis symbol oftheFirstFrenchEmpire with outstretchedwings,isthe Above thethroneandtable, Edmonton, AB T5N 1L7 1L7 T5N AB Edmonton, 1L7 T5N AB Edmonton, Mavis Richards, RMT Mavis Richards, RMT Dr. Carole E. Ross Ross E. Carole Dr. Ross E. Carole Dr. Lily Ren, Ac., RMT RMT Ac., Ren, Lily RMT Ac., Ren, Lily Tel: (780) 448-5888 448-5888 Tel:(780) 448-5888 Tel:(780) 10153 - 122 Street 10153 - 122 Street For More Info: Info: More For Info: More For

Pro Dolecta Exonumiae Dolecta Pro 27 Exonumia) of Love the (For

© The Planchet June 2011 28 © The Planchet June 2011 Pro Dolecta Exonumiae (For the Love of Exonumia) to theinterests oftheirsubjects.He determined forced uponrulerspolicies, whichwerecontrary Napoléon interfereddirectly ininternalaffairs.He to relent. content withNaples,tried torefusebutwas forced of NaplesforthatSpain. Joseph,perfectly forced hisbrotherJosephtoexchange theKingdom The mostobviousexampleoccurredwhenhe moving rulersaround,almostlike musicalthrones. He saw himselfasthemaker andbreaker ofkings, subordinate totheinterestsofFrenchEmpire. those ruledby hisrelatives andofficials,as and externalaffairs.Heviewedallstates,especially vassals and actively interferedwiththeirdomestic nominally sovereign, Napoléonviewedthemas Despite thefactthatrulersofthesestates were Napoléon, fledthekingdomduringnight. the FrenchEmpirein1810afteritsking,Louis - theannexationofKingdomHollandinto Naples; - in1808Murat succeededJosephasKingof Spain; very reluctantly, thethroneofNaplesforthat abdicate, andNapoléon’s brotherJosephtraded, the SpanishBourbonroyal housewas forcedto - the5May 1808AbdicationsofBayonne whereby Warsaw in1807; independence. the coloniesofPortugal andSpainsought their Peninsula accelerated theprocessby which His interferenceintheaffairs oftheIberian resulted intheunified state oftheKingdomItaly. peninsula startedtheprocess, whichultimately The samepolicyofconsolidationintheItalian face ofthemapasitsdominantpower. Prussia, whichhadalmostbeenremoved fromthe stage fortheeventual unificationofGermany, with consolidation ofthestatesinGermany setthe dissolution oftheHolyRoman Empireand consequences, whichoutlastedhisreign.The of war tobeusedashesaw fithadfarreaching of treatingthecrownsEuropeasspoils Regardless ofNapoléon’s motivations, hispolicy troops. states, requiringdirectintervention withFrench Empire. Italsocausedunrestinvassal andallied of Westphalia, ruledby hisbrothers,totheFrench Kingdom ofHollandandlargepartsthe This policycausedhimtodirectlyannexthe subjects andthoseofhisvassals andallies. for theeconomicandsocialwell-beingofhisown consequences wereactuallyeven moredamaging unwilling tosympathize withthefactthat archenemy’s Achillesheel.Hefailedtoseeorwas economically, judgingcorrectlythatthiswas his Napoléon wenttogreatlengthscrippleBritain Continental System. of theeconomicblockadeGreatBritain- economically andsocially, was theenforcement enforced. Themostonerousanddamaging, to unifiedandempire-wide policies was strictly were notindependentofaction,andadherence In thesphereofexternalpolicythesestates basis Frenchtroops. at theirexpense,tobilletandequiponarotating supplies forhisarmies.Theywerealsoobliged, subjects. Fromthesestatesheexactedtroopsand the bestmethodtogaincooperation oftheir them totheirowndevices.Hejudgedthisbe against Austria, PrussiaandRussia, Napoleonleft Saxony, whichheneededasalliesandbulwarks states suchasBavaria, Württembergandlater With regardtothedomesticaffairsoflarger failure. govern theirstateseffectively andsetthemupfor of underminingtheability ofindividualrulersto places ofimportance.Theseactionshadtheresult placed officialsdirectlyanswerable tohimselfin their legalandgovernmental structuresandoften In the Low Countries his policies led to the creation Copenhagen, 1904-13. Pro Dolecta Exonumiae of the Kingdom of Holland, which ultimately split - Chevalier Millin. Medallic History of Napoleon. Being a collection of all the medals, coins, and jettons, relative to his into the Kingdoms of the Netherlands and Belgium. actions and reign. London, 1818 - Chevalier Millin. Medallic History of Napoleon. Being a In central Europe his repeated humiliation of collection of all the medals, coins, and jettons, relative to his Habsburg Austria began her slow but steady actions and reign. SUPPLEMENT. London, 1818. - d’Essling. Importante Collections de Monnaies et Médailles disintegration. Due to the unique nature of the - Consulat et Empire - Napoléon Ier et sa famille Napoléon III - Habsburg state, this created problems in the Médailles Historiques et de Personnages Jetons et Décorations Balkans and Eastern Europe with which Europe is Français et Ėstrange Appartenant au Prince d’Essling. Paris, still coming to grips. While further east Russia had 1927. - Edwards, Edward. The Napoleon Medals - A Complete been strengthened, most notably with the addition Series of the Medals struck in France, Italy, Great Britain, and of Poland. Germany from the Commencement of the Emoite in 1804 to the Restoration in 1815. London, 1837. Whatever you may think of Napoléon Bonaparte, - Haythornthwaite, Philip J. Who Was Who in the Napoleonic Wars. London: Arms & Armour, 1998. enlightened ruler, visionary, military genius or - Langer, William L. An Encyclopedia of World History - Ancient, tyrant and warmonger, it is difficult to deny his role Medieval and Modern, Chronologically Arranged. Cambridge:

in and effect on the course of history. The medal The Riverside Press, 1952. (For the Love of Exonumia) SOUVERAINETÉS DONNÉES / SOVEREINTIES - Laskey, J.C. A Description of the Series of Medals Struck at the National Medal Mint by Order of Napoleon Bonaparte, GIVEN is a beautiful and highly symbolic visual commemorating the most remarkable battles and events during representation of the policy which set many of the his dynasty. London, 1818. changes in the political geographic landscape in - Scargill Mudie, Ann. Medallic History of Napoleon Bonaparte. motion, changing and in many instances destroying London, 1820. - Zeits, Joachim and Zeits, Lisa. Napoleons Medaillen - Die Einzigen Zeugnisse des Ruhms, die Alle the political and dynastic system of Europe’s ruling Jahrhunderte Űberdauern. Petersberg, Germany: Michael Imhof families forever. The consequences of which we are Verlag, 2003. still dealing with today. - Julius. Auction ab Montag, den 11. Januar 1932 Otto Helbig Nachf., München Barerstraáe 20 Sammlung Dr. P. Julius Heidelberg Französische Revolution Napoleon I. und seine Zeit Medal specifications: Medaillen, Orden und Ehrenzeichen Műnzen Die Auction erfolgt im Auftrage der Erben zu Gunsten der Wohlfahrtseinrichtung der references: Bramsen 553; d’Essling 1154; Julius 1625; I.G. Farbenindustrie Aktiengesellschaft mit 58 Lichtdrucktafeln Laskey LXIX; Millin 121; Zeitz 69. Der besuch der Auktion ist nur Inhabern des Katalogs gestattet Otto Helbig Nachf., München, 1932, Auctionskatalog 66. Large octavo, t.p.+intro+vi+264 pp.+58 photolithographic plates. struck in: gold, silver & bronzed copper. Note: This sale did not take place; this Julius collection was not sold until 1959. diameter: 40.1 mm - Sammlung Julius. Französische Revolution, Napoleon I. und weight: 37.88 g. seine Zeit. I. Teil 1789-1808. (II. Teil 1809-1815) Auction edge: smooth and plain 66, 21.--23. April 1959 (14.--16. September 1959). Richard Gaettens jun., Heidelberg. Folio, iv+VI+70 pp.+30 halftone plates (IV+66 pp.+29 halftone plates). Bibliography: - Sammlung Dieter Schwering - Napoleon I. und seine Zeit. - Bramsen, L. Médaillier Napoléon le Grand ou Description des Műnzen & Medaillen Gmbh. Auktion 24. Stuttgart, 2007. Medailles, Clichés, Repoussés et Médailles-décorations Relatives aux Affaires de la France pendant le Consulat et l’Empire.

Continued from page 5 - About Your Society The committee will review the website, possibilities • Pierre Driessen – 1806 medal of Napoleon with for U-Tube videos, webinars, etc. Members of picture of his sister commemorating his visit to the committee are David Peter, Marc Bink, Pierre the Paris Mint; 1805 medal of Napoleon from Driessen, Roger Grove, Ermin Chow and Jeremy when he assumed personal control over the Martin. The committee will also look into whether armies and was ready to invade England technology might assist the club in reaching • younger members. Marc Bink – Japanese coin, unidentified • Ray Neiman – 1937 MN $1 bill in MS condition; Break Unc $1 devil’s face; *m/y Unc 3 in sequence 2011 bills; $20 error bill long cut oversize; and Gov- Movie – The Ascent of Money, Part III ernor General’s medal, Ray Matheson.

Tickets for door prizes were drawn. Silent auction commenced and meeting adjourned at 9:15 PM. Show and Tell: © The Planchet June . • Marv Berger - $2 trade token from Claresholm 29 30

© The Planchet June 2011 q payment withPayPalat: online secure using website ENS the via electronically - Edmonton Alberta CanadaT5T6A1 P.O. Box78057,RPOCallingwood EdmontonNumismaticSociety - mailthisform(alongwithyourpayment) to: application /paymentmethods: Please note: q formailingcosts- q q - standarddistribution ofThePlanchetisviae-mail&websitedownload telephone: ()______postal/ zip code: country: ______city: address: e-mail: name: please printclearly: - atamonthlymeeting orsemi-annualshow q Your officialmembershipcardwillbeissueduponapproval. websitedownloadonly. allLifetimeMembers,USA and Foreignaddressesisavailableviae-mailand EDMONTON NUMISMATIC SOCIETY * pleasenote:distributionoftheofficialsocietypublication,ThePlanchet,to Family Membership-Canada/USA Lifetime Member Canada only-ifyouwishThePlanchetmailed (spouse and/orchildrenathome16yearsunder) Regular Member–Canada/USA Junior Member

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______ANNUAL MEMBERSHIP FEES All membershipapplicationsaresubjecttoapprovalbytheE.N.S. www.edmontoncoinclub.com (16years&under) * not availableforUSA orForeignaddresses ...... -Canada/USA * /Foreign province * /Foreign q

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Fellowship Presentations Library Lending Magazine Education / Knowledge Sales and Shows Coin largest and most diverse diverse most and largest WESTERN CANADA’S WESTERN coin collector club collector coin ! Classified & Coming Events

PLACE YOUR AD HERE 780-433-7288 New Membership FREE FOR ENS MEMBERS Original BU rolls of Loons Applications No limit of ads and no limit of words. Ads must be numismatically related and for 2003 Old effigy, with can include books, coins, paper, supplies, buying, wanted, selling, tokens, No new membership bullion, medals, Canadian, world, websites, shows, etc. crown, call Bob780-980-1324 applications this month The ENS reserves the tright to refuse to print any classifed ad in whole or in part. Ads posted for one year will be removed unless the member can confirm For Sale ad is to continue. All advertizers must be ENS members. These individuals have applied for membership into All ads to be submitted to [email protected] e-mail or given to the Editing the Edmonton Numismatic Team at monthly meetings. Society. Pending any objections from the please email it to editor_ens@ 1806 1/2 cent, 1864 IHC, membership at large, these Wanted yahoo.ca Lincolns, FEC’s, Canadian individuals will be accepted as LRG cents.call (780)933-5159 “Members in Good Standing”, effective this publishing Recylable used plastic coin All period Napoleonic memo- date. Any objections to the flips. Any Qty. Bring to next rabilia & Militaria. Contact Large collection of certified aforementioned applications club meeting, See Howard. Bill [email protected] & raw coins & banknotes, must be submitted in writing to the Secretary of [email protected] some up to 50% off cat. Inc. the Edmonton Numismatic Early English or German Errors. Call John 780-455- Society, and will be evaluated Original BU rolls one-cent hammered coins. Contact 8375 by the Executive Committee on a case-by-case basis. rolls from 1982, 1985, 1986, Marc. [email protected] 1987 & 1988, call Bob780- Early French medals or Eng- 980-1324 Complete Date, Canadian lish/British Coins dating from Decimal coin sets.Great for 1642-1821. Contact Pierre. Classified ads for ENS club gifts. Low prices. Contact Ray, [email protected] members. To include an ad,

Coming Events

June 8, 2011 - ENS June Meeting - Royal Alberta Museum, 7:15 pm start. Snacks provided.

June 25, 2011 - ENS Members Only BBQ - 8510-10 Ave. SW, Edmonton. Thanks to Jeremy Martin for hosting this year’s event.

July, 2011 - No Meeting

August, 2011 - No Meeting

September 10, 2011 - ENS September Meeting - Pizza Night - Royal Alberta Museum, 7:15 pm start. Snacks provided. Free pizza for all ENS members attending.

October 12, 2011 - ENS October Meeting - Royal Alberta Museum, 7:15 pm start. Snacks provided 2011 November 5 & 6, 2011 - Edmonton’s Coin Show and Sale, Edmonton Hotel & Conference Centre, 4520 - 76 Ave, Edmonton, Alberta, T6B 0A5, dealers wishing to attend call 780-270-6312.

November 9, 2011 - ENS November Meeting - Royal Alberta Museum, 7:15 pm start. Snacks provided

To list your coming events - send them to [email protected]. © The Planchet June 31