Health Systems in Transition, Poland
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The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth As a Political Space: Its Unity and Complexity*
Chapter 8 The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth as a Political Space: Its Unity and Complexity* Satoshi Koyama Introduction The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (Rzeczpospolita) was one of the largest states in early modern Europe. In the second half of the sixteenth century, after the union of Lublin (1569), the Polish-Lithuanian state covered an area of 815,000 square kilometres. It attained its greatest extent (990,000 square kilometres) in the first half of the seventeenth century. On the European continent there were only two larger countries than Poland-Lithuania: the Grand Duchy of Moscow (c.5,400,000 square kilometres) and the European territories of the Ottoman Empire (840,000 square kilometres). Therefore the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was the largest country in Latin-Christian Europe in the early modern period (Wyczański 1973: 17–8). In this paper I discuss the internal diversity of the Commonwealth in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and consider how such a huge territorial complex was politically organised and integrated. * This paper is a part of the results of the research which is grant-aided by the ‘Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research’ program of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science in 2005–2007. - 137 - SATOSHI KOYAMA 1. The Internal Diversity of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Poland-Lithuania before the union of Lublin was a typical example of a composite monarchy in early modern Europe. ‘Composite state’ is the term used by H. G. Koenigsberger, who argued that most states in early modern Europe had been ‘composite states, including more than one country under the sovereignty of one ruler’ (Koenigsberger, 1978: 202). -
Pomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy 2020
Annex no. 1 to Resolution no. 458/XXII/12 Of the Sejmik of Pomorskie Voivodeship of 24th September 2012 on adoption of Pomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy 2020 Pomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy 2020 GDAŃSK 2012 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. OUTPUT SITUATION ………………………………………………………… 6 II. SCENARIOS AND VISION OF DEVELOPMENT ………………………… 18 THE PRINCIPLES OF STRATEGY AND ROLE OF THE SELF- III. 24 GOVERNMENT OF THE VOIVODESHIP ………..………………………… IV. CHALLENGES AND OBJECTIVES …………………………………………… 28 V. IMPLEMENTATION SYSTEM ………………………………………………… 65 3 4 The shape of the Pomorskie Voivodeship Development Strategy 2020 is determined by 8 assumptions: 1. The strategy is a tool for creating development targeting available financial and regulatory instruments. 2. The strategy covers only those issues on which the Self-Government of Pomorskie Voivodeship and its partners in the region have a real impact. 3. The strategy does not include purely local issues unless there is a close relationship between the local needs and potentials of the region and regional interest, or when the local deficits significantly restrict the development opportunities. 4. The strategy does not focus on issues of a routine character, belonging to the realm of the current operation and performing the duties and responsibilities of legal entities operating in the region. 5. The strategy is selective and focused on defining the objectives and courses of action reflecting the strategic choices made. 6. The strategy sets targets amenable to verification and establishment of commitments to specific actions and effects. 7. The strategy outlines the criteria for identifying projects forming part of its implementation. 8. The strategy takes into account the specific conditions for development of different parts of the voivodeship, indicating that not all development challenges are the same everywhere in their nature and seriousness. -
Sejmiki Szlachty Sieradzkiej W Szadku W Latach 1668–1695. Zestawienie
BIULETYN SZADKOWSKI Tom 14 2014 Micha KOBIERECKI * SEJMIKI SZLACHTY SIERADZKIEJ W SZADKU W LATACH 16681695 ZESTAWIE IE CHRO OLOGICZ E Prezentowane w artykule zestawienie sejmikw wojewdztwa sieradzkiego posiada wspln cech jest ni miejsce obrad, czyli Szadek, stolica powiatu. badanym okresie w mie!cie odbywa"y si sejmiki poselskie 1, relacyjne 2 czy deputackie 3 oraz te, ktre by"y prolongowane 4. Przedstawione zestawienie zosta"o oparte na analizie ksig grodzkich z Sieradza, Tek Pawi(skiego i Tek Pstroko(- skiego 5. przypadku pierwszego z przedstawionych +rde" korzystano ze zbioru relacji, gdzie umieszczano lauda , bd+ uniwersa"y sejmikowe, protestacje czy akty konfederacji. .atomiast w Tekach Pstroko(skiego znalaz"y si oryginalne wypisy z ksig grodzkich sieradzkich i piotrkowskich, jak i /0/-wieczne odpisy wymienionych wy1ej aktw. Podobna sytuacja mia"a miejsce w przypadku Tek Pawi(skiego, gdzie znajduj si odpisy dokonane w okresie zaborw 2. * 3icha" 4obierecki, dr, adiunkt, 5niwersytet 6dzki, ydzia" 7ilozo8czno-9istoryczny, 4atedra 9istorii .owo1ytnej, 90-219 6d+, ul. 4ami(skiego 22a. 1 Sejmik poselski zjazd szlachty z danego terytorium (ziemia, powiat, wojewdztwo) zwo"any przez monarch, na ktrym wybierano pos"w na sejm walny i opracowywano dla nich instrukcj. 2 Sejmik relacyjny, na ktry zje1d1a"a szlachta, aby dowiedzie> si od swoich pos"w o decy- zjach, jakie podjto na zako(czonym sejmie. 3 Sejmik deputacki zjazd lokalnej szlachty, na ktrym wybierano deputatw, swoich sdziw do Trybuna"w 4oronnego lub Litewskiego. 4 Sejmik prolongowany zjazd, na ktrym szlachcie nie uda"o si podj> wsplnej decyzji i ustalono jedynie zwo"anie kolejnego sejmiku w wyznaczonym terminie, dla ponownego rozpatrze- nia spornych kwestii. -
Job Satisfaction of Occupational Medicine Nurses in Poland
ORIGINAL PAPERS International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health 2012;25(1):51 – 58 DOI 10.2478/S13382-012-0006-x JOB SATISFACTION OF OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE NURSES IN POLAND PIOTR SAKOWSKI Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland Organization and Management in Health Care Unit, Health Policy Department Abstract Objectives: The study aimed at assessment of the Polish occupational medicine service system after over ten years of func- tioning in the current shape, made by occupational nurses. The article focuses on the job satisfaction level among Polish occupational medicine nurses. Materials and Methods: The survey was performed among 600 randomly selected occupa- tional medicine nurses, registered in the regional occupational medicine centers. A questionnaire, designed by the research team, containing several questions concerning different aspects of OMS system assessment, including a part dedicated to job satisfaction assessment, was sent to the selected occupational nurses. The response rate was 33.3% (200 question- naires). Results: The survey shows a relatively high satisfaction level in case of five out of eleven investigated job aspects, and a very low satisfaction level in case of two of them (“Possibility of professional promotion”, “Salary”). 26% of the OMS nurses had considered going abroad to work as a nurse in the general health care system, and 17% in the OHS system. Almost 25% of them would not choose a profession of an occupational nurse once again, including 10% who would not choose a nurse job at all. There is a statistically significant correlation between the general job satisfaction and satisfaction with other aspects of nursing work. -
Resources Concerning the History of Polish Jews in Castle Court Records of the 17Th and 18Th Centuries in the Central State Historical Archives in Kyiv and Lviv
SCRIPTA JUDAICA CRACOVIENSIA Vol. 18 (2020) pp. 127–140 doi:10.4467/20843925SJ.20.009.13877 www.ejournals.eu/Scripta-Judaica-Cracoviensia Resources Concerning the History of Polish Jews in Castle Court Records of the 17th and 18th Centuries in the Central State Historical Archives in Kyiv and Lviv Przemysław Zarubin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4845-0839 (Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Poland) e-mail: [email protected] Keywords: archival sources, Ukraine, Lviv, Kyiv, castle court, 17th century, 18th century Abstract: The article presents types of sources which have thus far not been used, castle court books kept in the archives of the Ukrainian cities of Lviv and Kyiv. The author emphasizes the importance of these sources for research on the history and culture of Polish Jews in the 17th and 18th centuries. He also specifies the types of documents related to Jewish issues authenticated in these books (e.g. manifestations and lawsuits, declarations of the Radom Tribunal), as well as current source publications and internet databases containing selected documents from Ukrainian archives. The Central State Historical Archive in Lviv (CDIAL) (known as the Bernadine Ar- chive) and the Central State Historical Archive in Kyiv (CDIAUK) both have exten- sive collections of records of the so-called castle courts (sądy grodzkie), also known as local Starost courts (sądy starościńskie) for the nobility: from the Bełz and Ruthe- nian Voivodeships in the Lviv archive; and from the Łuck, Podolia, Kyiv, and Bracław Voivodeships in the Kyiv archive. This is particularly important because – in the light of Jewish population counts taken in 1764–1765 for the purpose of poll tax assessment – these areas were highly populated by Jews. -
The Polish-Lithuanian Monarchy in European Context, C.1500–1795
The Polish-Lithuanian Monarchy in European Context, c.1500–1795 The Polish-Lithuanian Monarchy in European Context, c.1500–1795 Edited by Richard Butterwick Lecturer in Modern European History Queen’s University Belfast Northern Ireland Editorial matter, selection and Introduction © Richard Butterwick 2001 Chapter 10 © Richard Butterwick 2001 Chapters 1–9 © Palgrave Publishers Ltd 2001 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2001 978-0-333-77382-6 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 0LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2001 by PALGRAVE Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE is the new global academic imprint of St. Martin’s Press LLC Scholarly and Reference Division and Palgrave Publishers Ltd (formerly Macmillan Press Ltd). ISBN 978-1-349-41618-9 ISBN 978-0-333-99380-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780333993804 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. -
The Infirmity of Social Democracy in Postcommunist Poland a Cultural History of the Socialist Discourse, 1970-1991
The Infirmity of Social Democracy in Postcommunist Poland A cultural history of the socialist discourse, 1970-1991 by Jan Kubik Assistant Professor of Political Science, Rutgers University American Society of Learned Societies Fellow, 1990-91 Program on Central and Eastem Europe Working Paper Series #20 January 1992 2 The relative weakness of social democracy in postcommunist Eastern Europe and the poor showing of social democratic parties in the 1990-91 Polish and Hungarian elections are intriguing phenom ena. In countries where economic reforms have resulted in increasing poverty, job loss, and nagging insecurity, it could be expected that social democrats would have a considerable follOwing. Also, the presence of relatively large working class populations and a tradition of left-inclined intellec tual opposition movements would suggest that the social democratic option should be popular. Yet, in the March-April 1990 Hungarian parliamentary elections, "the political forces ready to use the 'socialist' or the 'social democratic' label in the elections received less than 16 percent of the popular vote, although the class-analytic approach predicted that at least 20-30 percent of the working population ... could have voted for them" (Szelenyi and Szelenyi 1992:120). Simi larly, in the October 1991 Polish parliamentary elections, the Democratic Left Alliance (an elec toral coalition of reformed communists) received almost 12% of the vote. Social democratic parties (explicitly using this label) that emerged from Solidarity won less than 3% of the popular vote. The Szelenyis concluded in their study of social democracy in postcommunist Hungary that, "the major opposition parties all posited themselves on the political Right (in the Western sense of the term), but public opinion was overwhelmingly in favor of social democratic measures" (1992:125). -
Priority Setting in the Polish Health Care System According to Patients’ Perspective
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Article Priority Setting in the Polish Health Care System According to Patients’ Perspective Anna Rybarczyk-Szwajkowska * and Izabela Rydlewska-Liszkowska Department of Management and Logistics in Health Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 90-131 Lodz, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Identification of health priorities is concerned with equitable distribution of resources and is an important part of strategic planning in the health care system. The aim of this article is to describe health priorities in the Polish health care system from the patients’ perspective. The study included 533 patients hospitalized in the Lodz region. The average age of the respondents was 48.5 years and one third (36.6%) had university education. Most of the respondents (64.9%) negatively assessed the functioning of the health care system in Poland. Most of them claimed the following aspects require improvements: financing health services (85.8%), determining priorities in health care (80.3%), the role of health insurance (80.3%), and medical education (70.8%). Over 70% of the respondents agreed the role of politicians in designing and implementing health system reforms should be limited. The fact that the respondents so negatively assessed the Polish health care system implies there is a need for full discussion on redefining health priorities. Keywords: setting priorities; health priorities; patients’ opinion; health care financing; health care Citation: Rybarczyk-Szwajkowska, system A.; Rydlewska-Liszkowska, I. Priority Setting in the Polish Health Care System According to Patients’ Perspective. -
SS.7.C.2.8 Low Level of Complexity Sample Item Explanation
SS.7.C.2.8 Low Level of Complexity Sample Item Explanation Question What are the names of the two major political parties in the The correct answer should identify the two current and United States today? main political parties in the United States. A Democratic and Republican Correct – The Democrats and Republicans are currently the two major political parties in the United States. B Democratic and Libertarian Incorrect – The Libertarian Party is a minor, or third party. C Socialist and Republican Incorrect – The Socialist Party is a minor, or third party. D Socialist and Libertarian Incorrect – Both parties are minor, or third parties. SS.7.C.2.8 Moderate Level of Complexity Sample Item Explanation Question The statement below is from a political party platform. The passage describes the ideas of a modern political party. We, the workers and our allies, need to take power from the hands of the wealthy few, their The correct answer should identify the current political corporations, and their political operatives. party that the passage describes. Which political party’s position is represented in the statement? A Communist Correct – The Communist Party supports workers controlling all governmental power. B Democratic Incorrect – The Democratic Party supports a stronger federal government and more government services but does not support a worker-controlled government. C Republican Incorrect – The Republican Party supports a weaker federal government, lower taxes, and fewer government services. D Socialist Incorrect – The Socialist Party supports cooperative ownership of private industry but does not support taking all power from the rich and giving it to the working class. -
Poland at a Crossroads? Analysing the 2019 Parliamentary Election
UCL SSEES Press Briefing Poland at a crossroads? Analysing the 2019 parliamentary election Press briefing 15 October 2019 BACKGROUND TRIUMPH OF THE RULING PARTY On 13 October 2019, Polish voters went to Professor Aleks Szczerbiak (University of the polls to re-elect the 460-member Sejm Sussex) (the lower house of pArliAment) And the 100- member SenAte (the upper house). KEY POINT PiS Achieved this remarkable electoral success As they were the sole pArty The ruling nAtionAlist-conservative LAw And not only campAigning about, but Also with a Justice (PiS)-led coAlition retAined its majority record of delivering on, the sociAl needs thAt in the lower house, winning 235 seAts, but, many Poles care most About. with 48 seAts, lost its majority in the SenAte. It wAs the PiS-led coAlition’s second electoral 1. PiS wAs Able to score A victory despite victory After gAining An Absolute majority in Accusations About undermining Polish both houses in 2015. democracy put forwArd by both domestic And externAl Actors. The main opposition bloc, the Civic CoAlition, came second with 134 And 43 seAts in the 2. PiS populArity wAs predicated on its lower And upper houses, respectively. The success in fulfilling its generous Left coAlition Also gAve A strong enough welfAre pledges while in office. Also, performance to enter pArliAment. the pArty “redistributed prestige” by providing A sense of importAnce to the Voter turnout wAs A record 61.7% – the sociAl groups previously highest of the post-1989 pArliAmentAry condescended to by the governments elections in PolAnd. led by liberal urbAn elites. -
Notes on Health Sector Reform in Poland
Notes on Health Sector Reform in Poland Peter Berman Associate Professor of International Health Economics Harvard School of Public Health Boston, MA 02115, USA Andrzej Rys Director of Health Department, City of Krakow Krakow, Poland Marc Roberts Professor of Political Economy and Health Policy Harvard School of Public Health Boston, MA 02115 Paul Campbell Lecturer on Management Department of Health Policy and Management Harvard School of Public Health Boston, MA 02115, USA Table of Contents Introduction.............................................................................................................................. 1 Issues in Health Insurance ...................................................................................................... 2 National Health Insurance (NHI) as an Engine of Reform: ...................................................... 2 Creating The Conditions for Successful Health Financing Reform ...................................... 5 Looking Beyond Health Insurance: Strategies for Transition: .................................................. 7 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 9 Introduction Since the early 1990’s Poland has been seeking political consensus on a sound strategy for transforming the health care system in the new market economy. The Harvard-Jagiellonian Consortium for Health (Consortium) has been requested to contribute views on the current health reform strategies. This note provides -
Health As an Investment in Poland in the Context of the Roadmap to Implement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and Health 2020
Health as an investment in Poland in the context of the Roadmap to implement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and Health 2020 Katarzyna Dubas-Jakóbczyk, Ewa Kocot, Aleksandra Czerw, Grzegorz Juszczyk, Paulina Karwowska, Bettina Menne Abstract The aim of this report is to assess the policy options for investments in health in Poland in the context of the Roadmap to implement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, building on Health 2020, the European Policy for Health and Well-being. As background, national strategic documents incorporating the concept of health and well-being for all were reviewed and methodological aspects of the health-as-investment approach presented. Methods included a literature review and desk analysis of key national regulations as well as quantitative analysis of indicators used to monitor the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and Health 2020 policy implementation. The results indicate that the policy options for investment in health in Poland can be divided into two categories: general guidelines on building and promoting the investment approach and more specific examples of actions on health investments supporting the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and Health 2020 strategies. KEYWORDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT HEALTH POLICY INVESTMENT APPROACH RETURN ON INVESTMENT Address requests about publications of the WHO Regional Office for Europe to: Publications WHO Regional Office for Europe UN City, Marmorvej 51 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark Alternatively, complete an online request form for documentation, health information, or for permission to quote or translate, on the Regional Office website (http://www.euro.who.int/pubrequest). Citation advice Dubas-Jakóbczyk K, Kocot E, Czerw A, Juszczyk G, Karwowska P, Menne B.