THE STAR & CRESCENT The Online E-zine of the Nation of Islam London Study Group

Issue 23 March 2017

HAPPY SAVIOURS' DAY!

DETROIT 19 FEBRUARY & CHICAGO 26 FEBRUARY 2017

The Star & Crescent E­zine March 2017: Issue 23 thestarandcrescent19.wordpress.com 1 In the name of Allah Contents The Beneficent, The Merciful…… Have no fear of the future: The future is ours by Minister Louis Farrakhan...... 3 Message to the Blackman by the Honourable Elijah Muhammad...... 8 Money Mob...... 9 Black History 365 – March...... 11 London Study Group in search of hidden history in the Victoria and Albert Museum...... 13 As salaam alaikum – The dark origins of St Valentine's day...... 14 Peace be unto you! 10 ingredients to avoid putting on your hair...... 15 Dear Reader

Happy Saviours' Day! Welcome to the the Star & Crescent Health benefits of Navy (Haricot) Beans...... 19 E­zine (issue 23). May this edition find you in the best of London Study Group meetings...... 23 health and spirit. What the Muslims want...... 23 Every year, 26 February, the Nation of Islam celebrates the birthday of our founder Master Fard Muhammad, Allah in What the Muslims Believe...... 24 person, and the teacher of the Most Honourable Elijah Muhammad. The Annual Saviours' Day Convention 2017 (part 1) took place on 19 February in Detroit (go to www.noi.org and click on 'live webcast'), and part 2 will be taking place in Chicago on 26 February.

We continually thank Allah, who appeared in the person of Master Fard Muhammad for looking and finding His people, the spiritually and mentally dead in the wilderness of North America. We thank Him for choosing One, and raising that One from among us and teaching Him to be our Leader, our Teacher and Guide, the Most Honourable Elijah Muhammad. We further thank Him for blessing us with a final Reminder and Warner in this hour of spiritual darkness, and placing Him in our midst today, in the Honourable Minister Louis Farrakhan.

Since the election and subsequent inauguration of US President Donald Trump, there is a lot of fear in the atmosphere. Fear is in the air due to the rise of far­right political groups, changes to immigration policies that could directly affect the families of those who are deported. In the UK, Brexit rumbles on, also producing fear and uncertainty in the atmosphere.

Minister Farrakhan's Saviours' Day message is called 'Have no fear for the future: The future is ours.' We must not fear whatever the future will bring to us, because Allah is here today and He is with us. However, we must be found preparing ourselves and continuing the work of resurrecting Black people. We must go out into the community and reach our people with the teachings of the Honourable Elijah Muhammad.

On behalf of the London Study Group, we wish you a Happy Saviours' Day and we pray that we can all get through the tough days ahead together in unity. When you can fear no­one but Allah, the future will definitely be ours.

The Star & Crescent E­zine March 2017: Issue 23 thestarandcrescent19.wordpress.com 2 as sunshine. So when you leave here today, if you came in Minister Louis Farrakhan blind you’ll go away seeing, if you came in deaf, you’ll go away hearing, and if you came in dumb, you’ll go away speaking. And if you came in with a withered hand — and you know, Black folk have withered hands? Like that alligator in that commercial that couldn’t get to the check?

Black folk have withered hands that can’t hold on to the plough for themselves, can’t work to build a future for themselves and their children, but lie at the foot of the gate of white people, begging them to do for us what we could, if we would, unite and do for ourselves. So I thank Allah (God) for giving to us a man. We’ve had many great men and women, many — too many to run the list — but none of them were divinely sent. They did the best they could, and the bones in the valley shook, but the bones never got up. But God said it’s time now for “My people” …

I want to disabuse the Jews today of the false claim that Have No Fear for The Future: you are “The Chosen of God,” and that Israel, or Palestine, The Future is Ours belongs to you. I want to disabuse you of that. And I’m going to tell you about your future. You that think you have I bear witness that there is no God but He Who originated power to frighten and dominate the peoples of the world. I the heavens and the earth, and all in between, and we am here to announce the end of your time. thank Him Who originated our lives, and gave us the Earth as a home, and gave us knowledge to husband His planet. I thank Allah for the Honourable Elijah Muhammad, the man who taught me what I know, the man who gave me Unfortunately, 6,000 years ago, a new people came onto the example of what a man of God should be like. I am a our planet by Allah’s (God’s) permission, and they were man who has stood absent his Teacher for 40 years and given power and dominion over the fowl of the air, the fish never compromised his Teaching or Teacher. I became a of the sea, and every creeping thing that crawls upon the Muslim, a follower of his, 62 years ago this month. It was Earth. But because they would be mischief makers, and the best move of my life. cause the shedding of blood, the Angels themselves were a little disturbed with Allah (God), and questioned Him according to the Holy Qur’an, and asked Him: “You are going to place a ruler in the earth? What kind of ruler will he be except that which creates mischief and causes the shedding of blood?” But Allah (God) said to the Angels, “I know what you know not.” And so, the world of the Caucasian came into being. For 6,000 years, the people of the Earth have suffered under a mischief­ making rule: bloodshed and war, hatred and strife, all because a man with a new colour — or the lack thereof — thought that he was better than all of those who inhabited the Earth before he was even a thought. Malcolm X But I am here to announce today the end of his world, and Some people wonder, “How could you stay with a man 62 the beginning of a brand­new reality. That all human beings years, and preach his gospel? When there was so much will enjoy peace, freedom, justice and equality under the baggage dumped on him, why would you accept to follow rule and the guidance of Allah (God). in his footsteps?” Malcolm X was my brother and teacher. But the Honourable Elijah Muhammad made him, took him Shining truth exposes Satan’s deception of The Righteous. from prison, and made him a giant in the Earth though he Satan has been operating freely for 6,000 years, always only went to the 8th grade of school. It doesn’t matter what hiding his reality, making devils along the way. See, that’s kind of education you have. When you become a follower Satan’s job. To take a human being who could, and is, by of a man made by God, you already come into a Master nature, born of The Righteous, make him turn and deviate Class. But Brother Malcolm, as great as he was and as from the path of righteousness, and then make evil fair great as he is in the remembrance of those who love him, seeming to him. But in the Last Days, when God comes — in the end he denied his Teacher. and He has come. “How do you know He’s come?” Because we are present under the Divine Light of His Malcolm would turn over in his grave to know that the Truth. And today, with God’s Help, things that were not government that he condemned put him on a stamp. The clear to you yesterday, by His Grace, will be made as clear enemy is so quick to find you after you are dead, and give

The Star & Crescent E­zine March 2017: Issue 23 thestarandcrescent19.wordpress.com 3 you honour that he never gave you while you were alive. vote for her. I didn’t vote for Trump. I knew both of them were the same. You are not going to get anything from either one — but more deceit from Hillary and more straight talk from Trump. He told you, “you didn’t have nothing to lose. You’ve been a Democrat all your life and don’t have a damn thing to show for it!” You are very upset because Hillary didn’t get it. You all thought Farrakhan was “with Trump,” some of you Negroes. And though I have been your faithful servant for 60 years, or more, you would be angry with me because that white woman lost. And you felt like you lost, too.

I feel that I have given you the best of my life. I feel that I have never wavered on our Cause, no matter how strong the opposition became.

The Meaning of the name ‘Farrakhan’ Muhammad Ali with Minister Farrakhan

When Malcolm walked out, Muhammad Ali walked in. And The 25th Surah of the Qur’an is called Al­Furqan. Some of little Ali, the great boxer, became not only a champion in you made mockery of the name “Farr­a­khan” that the the world of sport, but he became a champion to stand up Honourable Elijah Muhammad gave me for my family for the rights of our people, and the rights of all who suffer alone. He said, “I have many Alis’, and many Sharrieffs’, under oppression. But then he turned, and left his teacher. but I only have one Farrakhan.”

Mother Khadijah Farrakhan

A sister that was under my leadership in Boston visited the Honourable Elijah Muhammad’s National House, called “The Palace,” to help celebrate the 80th birth anniversary at that time of Mother Khadijah Farrakhan. And at my dinner Imam Warithudeen Mohammed table, after we had a lovely evening of dinner, she came to me and asked a question. She asked: “Did the Honourable The Honourable Elijah Muhammad departed and his son, Elijah Muhammad ever tell you the meaning of your Imam Warithudeen Mohammed, was the leader of the name?” I said, “No ma’am, he didn’t.” She said: “Well then, Nation — but he, too, left his father. But God has blessed he lied, because he said he would.” me to rise in the white man’s world without ever compromising my Teacher or His Teaching. Well I’m going to tell it to you now. Some of us hate that man so much. To call the man of God a liar over not Though Congressman Keith Ellison used to be one of my answering questions about my name? When I asked him followers under the Honourable Elijah Muhammad, now he what it meant, let me tell you what he said. He said, “It is a wants to be the leader of the Democratic National modern up­to­date Name of God. It has very many good Committee. So to members of the Jewish community he meanings! I have them upstairs…”—upstairs—“…and at has to bow now and deny his brother to get a cheap the proper time, I’ll tell you what it means.” So I never position with the enemy! (As) most of you Negroes. I’m not bothered him a lot, you know, about the name. And before insulting you, I’m just saying you’re dead. That’s what he left us, he didn’t take me aside and say, “Oh minister, “negro” and “nigga” means. here is what that name means.” He gave it to me knowing that I would run into it. Most of you are so hurt because Queen Hillary lost. And some of you, now, have cursed me out because I didn’t When God gives you a name, that name is applicable to a

The Star & Crescent E­zine March 2017: Issue 23 thestarandcrescent19.wordpress.com 4 characteristic that is a part of your nature as a servant of God. So two years ago when I was invited to Iran again, I went, and I was being met by some scholars, so they were driving me to where they were. We drove past “Sharrieff Street,” we drove past “Ali Drive,” and I ran into “Farrakhan.” We were talking about Master Fard Muhammad, His Father and His Mother. They had something that they wanted us to learn, and I had something that I wanted the scholars to learn.

You “old world” Muslims. You have a lot to learn. Because if you knew what you thought you knew, you wouldn’t be in the shape that you’re in. No, I’m not putting down anybody. I’m just making some things plain. Our World of Islam is in terrible condition — not because you fully understand the Book, even in Mecca. If you understood this Book, why would you put it behind your back and accept guidance from the White House? Dr Wesley Muhammad

“Farrakhan.” There is a whole village in Iran named Dr Wesley Muhammad highlighted in his book how the CIA “Farrakhan Village,” spelled just like the name that The was chemically treating young Black people through Messenger gave me. I said, “Wow!” There was a woman prisons particularly, and making them on one hand super on television who was a seamstress, and she was predators. It’s a scientific experiment! advertising her garments, and her name was “Farrakhan.”

And when the brothers came to Iran, they were being searched at the entry, and one of the books that they were carrying was about “Farrakhan.” So when they saw the name “Farrakhan,” they said, “That’s our name.” I said, “Well, maybe I’m getting a little close to the meaning of that name.” Now you are going to see the Reality of my name today. See it, hear it! So if my sister that said “he lied” is listening in Boston, I hope you will repent for calling the Man that gave you life a liar.

“Farrakhan.” If it is “a modern, up­to­date Name of God,” that means its origin is in the Ancient Name of God. What is the Ancient Name of God that is like Farrakhan? It’s called Al­Furqan. “Bismillah ar­Rahman ar­Rahim. Blessed is He Who sent down the Discrimination upon US President Donald Trump His servant that he might be a warner to the nations.” (Surah 25, verse 1). President Trump, if you’re going to bring your generals and your army into Chicago to kill our “young savages,” I’m So in the characteristic of this man is the characteristic of sending this book to (you at) the White House! Before you discernment to separate you from that which is not good, come, read it! Give it to General “Mad Dog” Mattis, and and point you to that which is good. So when I speak, read it before you come. Because you’ve got to learn how listen, because you will then be in The Valley of Decision White people, your people, destroyed Black youth in a — and you’ve got to make a decision to save your life, chemical experiment from the CIA, this rotten, no good, because you are living in the breakup of America and the bastard of a government. breakup of the white man’s world. Take it, or let it alone.

A message for President Trump

I have a message for Mr. Trump — but I am here to talk to all of you that are shaking in your boots, wondering, “What are we going to do? That crazy man—he’s the president, and he don’t like Black people! He don’t like Mexicans, he don’t like Muslims!” Maybe so. Who cares? We don’t give a damn what he likes or what he doesn’t like. The future is not his, the future is ours!

General “Mad Dog” Mattis

The Star & Crescent E­zine March 2017: Issue 23 thestarandcrescent19.wordpress.com 5 Muhammad. He wrote this book, [which includes the article Now if I frighten you, don’t wet your pants, hold on to your by the Most Honourable Elijah Muhammad] “The Black pants. They need to be frightened, not you. That’s why this Policeman and What He Polices.” This is a guide to help subject was, “HAVE NO FEAR FOR THE FUTURE: THE you see how to police your people. We want to make our FUTURE IS OURS!” I’m going to prove that. This book own community a decent place to live, and we can’t do that highlights the chemical experiment, and points out the CIA until we take control of our community. and who did it. What we find the truth of, we are ready to die on it. And if you know the truth and won’t tell it, what kind of person are you?

Chicago Police Chief James Craig Rahm Emmanuel Mayor of Chicago ‘Fake news, fake presidency’: Who you vote into office are not the real president or government running Back to President Trump “coming to Chicago.” You told America Mayor Rahm Emmanuel, “Clean it up, or I will,” and you threatened my young brothers. Now let me tell you Have you noticed that since Mr Trump became president, something. My brothers are in bad shape and I have white people will call you a “nigga” without thinking? No, I’m warned all of you, I told you that the army was coming. I just asking have you noticed? And here you thought they told you to get your act together, and clean up your act were becoming better. And you’re so silly, you know? because they are coming with a mind to slaughter us. I You’re like a sick lover that’s got a bad husband, and he have said it not just for a year, but for three decades I have beats her all the time. And her friends say, “But honey, why been warning you about the government of America are you staying with him?” “But I, I just love him!” So your planning a war not only with a Muslim overseas, but with friend knows you’re sick, because if you were well, and that Black people and the Nation of Islam in America. Have I man was beating you all the time, shouldn’t you get up and not done that? get the hell out of there? Or, stay there and kill him — and make a record of how many times he beat you, so when Now Mr Trump, you can come, and you can bring your you go to jail, you could say, “I couldn’t take it anymore, I army, but if you read this book, and know what your people stood my ground, and I shot him dead.” have planned and are carrying out against young Black men, then you come. But I’m going to warn you, Mr Trump. Now, I want to help you to see the rise of white nationalism This is not a forsaken people. And The God that we serve that brought Mr Trump to the White House. Look at this. has promised us that He would fight our battles. We don’t Since Brown vs The Board of Education, white folk have have no gun to equal yours, but we’ve got a God. Check been losing because you wanted civil rights. All the time out the West Coast. See, you haven’t seen no rain like that! that you wanted “in” with white people, there was Marcus You haven’t seen nothing yet. Garvey, bless his heart, there was Booker T Washington, there were the nationalists. And there was Elijah So I am saying to Mr Trump, not being disrespectful. You Muhammad, there was Malcolm X, his student. And what can come, bring your army. But if you slaughter my little were we saying? “It’s time to separate.” In the Civil Rights young brothers, watch what God will do for you, Mr Trump, Movement in the ’60s, Brother Malcolm came to Elijah and for the country that you said you want to “make great Muhammad, and he said, “They are mocking us because again.” That’s not going to happen, Mr Trump. America will never be made great again. Her days of greatness are we are out on the corner with the Muhammad Speaks over. The God of Justice has come and America now has newspaper, and they’re in bus rides, they’re sitting in and to pay for what she has done. whatnot. Can we join them?” Elijah Muhammad said to Brother Malcolm “Stay where I put you, because they don’t There is another book that I’m going to give to Chicago have any place to go except where we stand.” Now, from Police Chief James Craig (for we all need a little more ’54, the white man had to start letting you and me in his knowledge than what we have, because all of us are schools. If you lived in the South in the ’40s and ’50s, we functioning White people); a book that has the Teachings of had our own high schools, we had our own grammar the Honourable Elijah Muhammad: “How to Police the schools, they were neighbourhood schools. Now, after that, Black Community: Divine Guidance for Law Enforcement we’re bussing. from the Honourable Elijah Muhammad and the Honourable Minister Louis Farrakhan” by Brother Demetric How did it work out? White folk closed the school, let you have it, and set up a private school. They don’t want to be

The Star & Crescent E­zine March 2017: Issue 23 thestarandcrescent19.wordpress.com 6 with you, can’t you get the message? They don’t want you. You didn’t get it yet? All right. We go across the Edmund Pettis Bridge “Oh boy! We’re going to get in with white people, yes we are!” — and they whipped the hell out of you on the bridge on “Bloody Sunday.” So every year you sing, “I ain’t going to let nobody turn me ‘round, turn me round, turn me round' ” But you done “turned around,” all right. That’s not for you. Look at how you suffered. You got the right to vote, right? That’s wonderful! Now exercise it (and scared white people will say), “Oh God, the niggas are voting — they outnumber us!” And they’re all doing tricks today to keep Black people from the polls.

But who are you voting for? One White man over another? Which White man is better if God says both of them are devils?

So now Mr Trump comes out of the woodwork — and look at the white people that stand behind him. This is not the kind you go to college with, this are these raw white folks from the suburbs and small towns (who believe), “That’s our man!” And did you know that when he won, they were saying in German, “Sieg Heil! Sieg Heil!” What does it mean? He’s giving white folks something to cheer about. Now you are upset, you are out in the street, picketing.

So Trump will bring Negroes to the door and ask, “What do you want?” What can you tell him? See, a silly Negro. You can’t talk to white people about “what we want,” because he could give you a white woman and you’d walk away happy in the Lincoln Bedroom. We have these jackasses standing up for Black people, and don’t know what God wants for us. It’s not what you want, because you’re too dumb to want what God wants for you. God doesn’t want you trying to lay up with white people, God wants to separate you from them and give you a nation of your own. Source: http://www.finalcall.com

The Star & Crescent E­zine March 2017: Issue 23 thestarandcrescent19.wordpress.com 7 us by their names and the nick-names used among Message to the Blackman themselves. It even seems that we like being called by the slave- master's name. After nearly a hundred years of freedom, we are still representing ourselves by the names our slave- masters called us! We must learn that the slave-master's names are not accepted by God or by the righteous people of God. It is time for us to learn who we really are, and it is time for us to understand ourselves. That true knowledge is here for you today whether you accept it or reject it. God has said that we are members of the original people or black nation of the earth. Original means first. Historian J. A. Rogers points out in his book that beyond the cotton fields of the South and long before the white man was a part of our planet, we were the original people ruling the earth, according to the holy Qur'an, we had governments superior to any we are experiencing today. Trace over the earth. Check back 5,000, 10,000, or 20,000 years ago. Look at Understand Self history. We were those people. Today, we were confronted There are some efforts to celebrate the so-called “Negro with proof of who the original people are and who shall live history Week,” and some of my people will participate. The on this earth and call it their own. planning of that week to teach the slave a knowledge of his past is not complete, sufficient or comprehensive enough to Help self before helping others enable my people to learn the true knowledge and history of themselves. It is important that my people learn the true Many of my people, the so-called Negroes, say we should knowledge of self, as it means their own salvation. help the nations of Africa which are awakening. This has been said as if we owned America. We are so foolish! What We are not Negroes, because God, whose proper name is part of America do you have that you can offer toward Allah, has taught me who we are. We are not “coloured” helping Africa? Who is independent, the nations of Africa or people because God has taught me who the coloured we? The best act would be to request the independent people are. The American Negro is without a knowledge of governments of Africa and Asia to help us. We are the ones self. You are a so-called Negro because you are “not” a who need help. We have little or nothing to offer as help to Negro. Allah has given to me our proper names, the people others. We should begin to help at home first. from whom we were taken and brought here to the shores of North America and the history of our forefathers. Allah We are 20 million strong. Many of the nations today that has taught me and I do not fear to tell you, that you can have their independence, and those that are getting their discard that name “Negro.” We are not “Negroes.” We are independence, are much smaller in number than my people not coloured! Those are some of the main things which we in America. We are dependent on the slave-master. We do should remember. not have 2 feet of earth for our nation of people. You and I, here in America, are licking the boots of our slave-master, We must become aware of the knowledge of self and the begging him for the right of independent people. Yes we time in which we are living. You must know these things are licking his boots. “Sir, let me shine your shoes?” You whether you agree that Elijah Muhammad is on time or out have been doing that for approximately 400 years. Today, if of time. If what I say is out of season, it goes for nothing. If I one rises up in your midst and says, “We should not lick am on time or in season, then all I say will bear fruit. our slave-master's boots, we should lick our own boots,” you would say, “He should be killed! He should be killed There is much misunderstanding among us because of our because he is teaching us hate.” My people, you are in a inferior knowledge of self. We have been to school where dangerous position. Get that fear out of you and stand up they do not teach us the knowledge of self. We have been for your people! Who are you not to die for your people? to the schools of our slave-master children. We have been Who am I not to die for my people? If I am shot down or cut to their schools and gone as far as they allowed us to go. down today, who is little Elijah Muhammad to 20 million of That was not far enough for us to learn a knowledge of self. you? If a million of us throw ourselves in the fire for the The lack of knowledge of self is one of our main handicaps. benefit of 20 million, the loss will be small compared to the It blocks us throughout the world. If you were the world and great gain our people will make as a result of that sacrifice. you were a part of the world, you would also turn a man Hundreds of thousands of Muslims gave their lives in down if he did not know who he actually was. If we, the so- Pakistan to get their nation's independence. They were called Negroes, do not know our own selves, how can we successful. The black men in Africa are fighting and dying be accepted by a people who have a knowledge of self? today in unity for their independence. Are we representing ourselves as Negroes and “coloured” people in the ancient history of black men? Our search of We sit here like pampered babies. We cannot even stand the ancient history of the Black man of the earth will prove up on the floor, not to mention taking a chance of crawling that not once in time were Negroes or “coloured” people out of the door. We are too careful of shedding blood for living in Asia or Africa. How did we come by those names? ourselves. We are willing to shed all of it for the benefit of The names are from the slave-masters. They have called others. I am not trying to get you to fight. That is not even

The Star & Crescent E­zine March 2017: Issue 23 thestarandcrescent19.wordpress.com 8 necessary, our unity will win the battle. Not one of us will have to raise a sword. Not one gun would need to fire. The great cannon that will be fired is our unity. Our unity is the best. Why are you afraid to unite? Why are you afraid to accept Allah and Islam? It is only because the slave-master did not teach you of this! We must unite ourselves as a nation of people. Separation of the so-called Negroes from their slave- masters' children is a MUST. It is the only solution to our problem. You must know that this is the time of our separation and the judgment of this world (the Caucasian), which you and I have known. Therefore, Allah has said to methat the time is ripe for you and me to accept our own, the whole planet Money Mob comes to the earth. Are you awaiting Divine Destruction? Come! Let us reason together. First, in order for us to reason, you must Alkaline Juice Bar, Brixton Hill have a thorough knowledge of yourself. Who is going to teach you that knowledge of self? Who are you waiting for to teach you the knowledge of self? Surely, not your slave- master, who blinded you to that knowledge of self. The slave-master will not teach you the knowledge of self, as there would not be a master-slave relationship any longer. From Message to the Blackman in America by the Honourable Elijah Muhammad

On a quiet Saturday morning in Brixton, an army of Black people wearing fluorescent yellow t-shirts, answered the call out made by Money Mob and converge to spend their £10 at the Alkaline Juice Bar at 100b Brixton Hill.

Orderly queue please. At first, the queue for an organic juice was calm and

The Star & Crescent E­zine March 2017: Issue 23 thestarandcrescent19.wordpress.com 9 orderly, but as the day passed, wave upon waves of Black restore your body's pH balance. Or you may want people came from all over London to meet on the street something a bit more tropical to remind you of home. Or corner shop in Brixton and very soon it soon became you can be more adventurous and sample a juice that give standing room only in the tiny juice bar. you a natural energy boost.

I got mine. Don't care about his.

Standing Room only. Although the staff were at first overwhelmed by the numbers of new Black customers, the atmosphere was brilliant. Meeting new people and familiar faces all campaigning to support Black people spending money with Black business struck the right chord. Proof that the Money Mob Movement are bringing greater awareness of the strength of the Black economy and the priority needed to support ourselves first before spending the Black pound with anyone else.

“Sarge! I need back up. There's too many Black people here having fun. They're called the Money Mob!” Well and truly Money Mobbed! Coming to a Black business near you!

Alkaline Juice Bar. For a very reasonable price you can purchase a juice made from fresh organic fruits and vegetables designed to give your body a natural boost and put back those all important minerals which appear to be is such short supply in conventional foods. More from Money Mob The juices vary. You can indulge in an alkaline juice to help in the next issue.

The Star & Crescent E­zine March 2017: Issue 23 thestarandcrescent19.wordpress.com 10 9 March 1913 – Harriet Tubman, the “engineer” of the Black History 365 Underground Railroad, dies. 9 March 1941 - Amistad mutineers released by US 1 March 1927 – Harry Belafonte born. Supreme Court. 1 March 1994 - Leonard S Coleman Jr, elected president of the National Baseball League. 2 March 1867 - US Congress enacts charter to establish Howard University. 2 March 1979 – Joyce Jee Esien, actor and comedian (3 Non-blondes), born. 3 March 1865 - Freeman's Bureau established by federal government to aid newly freed slaves.

Benjamin Banneker 11 March 1789 – Benjamin Banneker designs the city layout of Washington DC. 11 March 1959 - Lorraine Hansberry's "A Raisin In the Sun" opens at Barrymore Theatre, New York, the first play by a Black woman to premier on Broadway.

Garrett Morgan 3 March 1877 – Garrett Morgan, inventor (of the traffic lights and the gas mask), born (1877 – 1963). 3 March 1981 – Fatima Whitbread, athlete, 1984 and 1988 Olympic medalist, born. 4 March 1965 - Bill Russell of the Boston Celtics honoured as NBA most valuable player for fourth time in five years. 5 March 1770 - Crispus Attucks is one of the first casualties of the American Revolution. 5 March 1948 – Eddy Grant, musician, born. 6 March 1857 - US Supreme Court issues Dred Scott decision. 7 March 1952 – Viv Richards, cricket player, Antigua, Somerset and West Indies international, born. 7 March 1965 - US Supreme Court upholds key provisions of the Voting Rights Act 1965. Jean Baptiste Point de Sable 8 March 1977 - Henry L Marsh III is the first Black 12 March 1773 – Jean Baptiste Point de Sable, founder of American elected Mayor of Richmond, Virginia. Chicago, Illinois. 12 March 1932 - Andrew Young, UN ambassador and Mayor of Atlanta, born. 13 March 1954 – Baroness Valerie Amos, politician and diplomat, born. 13 March 1977 – Fanny Lou Hamer, freedom fighter, dies. 14 March 1965 - Montgomery bus boycott ends when municipal bus service is desegregated. 14 March 1979 – Tessa Sanderson, athlete, born. Harriet Tubman

The Star & Crescent E­zine March 2017: Issue 23 thestarandcrescent19.wordpress.com 11 20 March 1979 – Freema Agyeman, actor, born. 21 March 1492 – Alonzo Pietro, pilot sailed with Christopher Columbus. 21 March 1965 - Dr Martin Luther King Jr leads march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama, for voting rights. 21 March 1949 – Alvin Kalicharan, cricket player, Guyana, West Indies international and Kenya team coach, born. 22 March 1898 - J W Smith patents lawn sprinkler. 23 March 1873 - Slavery abolished in Puerto Rico.

Freedom's Journal 15 March 1827 – Freedom's Journal, first Black American newspaper published by John Russwurm and Samuel Cornish. 15 March 1988 - Eugene Antonio Marino, first Black archbishop in Atlanta. 16 March 1846 - Rebecca Cole, second Black woman physician in America, born. Dr Walter Rodney 17 March 1885 - William F Cosgrove patents automatic 23 March 1942 – Dr Walter Rodney, politician and author stop plug for gas and oil pipes. of 'How Europe underdeveloped Africa,' born. 17 March 1890 - Charles B Brooks patents street sweeper. 24 March 1837 - Black American citizens obtain the right to vote in Canada. 18 March 1822 - The Phoenix Society, a literary and educational group, founded by Black people in New York 24 March 1970 – Robbie Gee, actor, born. City. 24 March 1976 – Angelica Bell, television presenter, born. 25 March 1843 - Explorer Jacob Dodson sets out in Search of the Northwest Passage.

Dr Frances Cress Welsing 18 March 1935 – Dr Frances Cress Welsing, author of the Yisis Papers, born (1935 – 2016). 19 March 1971 - Reverend Leon Sullivan elected to board of directors of General Motors. 20 March 1883 - Jan E Matzeliger patents shoe-making The Scottsboro Boys machine 25 March 1931 – Scottsboro Boys arrested at Rock Point, 20 March 1912 – Carter G Woodson receives doctorate Alabama. from Harvard University. 26 March 1872 - Thomas J Martin patents fire extinguisher. 20 March 1936 – Lee Scratch Perry, musician, born. 26 March 1911 – William H Lewis is US assistant attorney 20 March 1957 – Spike Lee, film director, born. general. 26 March 1937 – William Hastie, first Black US Federal

The Star & Crescent E­zine March 2017: Issue 23 thestarandcrescent19.wordpress.com 12 judge. London Study Group in search of 26 March 1944 – Diana Ross, singer, born. hidden history at the Victoria & 28 March 1870 - Jonathan S Wright is first Black State Supreme Court Justice in South Carolina, USA. Albert Museum 29 March 1898 - W J Ballow patents combined hat rack and table. 30 March 1870 - Fifteenth Amendment of the US Constitution ratified, guaranteeing voting rights to Black American people.

On the steps of the Victoria & Albert Museum On a crisp cold Saturday afternoon, Brothers and Sister went on an organised excursion in search of truth, knowledge and Black history hidden in the Victoria and Albert Museum in South Kensington, London. Olaudah Equiano 31 March 1797 – Olaudah Equiano dies. 31 March 1988 - Toni Morrison wins Pulitzer Prize for Beloved.

Pictures: https://en.wikipedia.org http://ladywesaluteyou.com http://blogs.weta.org https://prezi.com/dgu_l0adl85d/scottsboro-boys- trial/ http://theimpactofthefreedomsjournal.blogspot.co.uk Nation of Islam London Back in the day

Victoria & Albert Museum, South Kensington, London We were not alone. There must have been about 100 Black people who turned up that day with the same aim and purpose in mind; to seek the knowledge and history of self. Inside the museum we admired the architecture, built from the wealth and the exploitation of our Black ancestors.

Black presence overwhelms the Museum foyer

The Star & Crescent E­zine March 2017: Issue 23 thestarandcrescent19.wordpress.com 13 On the day, the entrance to the museum was packed with people, who like me, were searching for their history, their Black people who had a thirst for knowledge about their identity and the truth. I made new friends who came for the past achievements and activities. same reasons as myself, so all was not lost.

What secrets did the Victoria & Albert hold about our ancestors and our past? How much Black history was the Toussaint L'Overture museum prepared to reveal? Liberator of Haiti Our search for the truth continues. Photos: Ibrahim Muhammad Picture: http://www.aviewoncities.com

London Study Group members survey the artefacts Unfortunately, the Victoria & Albert Museum tour only focussed on how Europeans viewed Black people throughout their history, in their paintings, sculptures, drawings and tapestries. When questioned, the tour guides were unable to answer many of the questions that were presented to them by the visitors.

Minister Louis Farrakhan greets Student Minister David Muhammad of Trinidad and Tobago Study Group

Brother Floyd and Sister Dynia examining the evidence For me the tour did not meet many of my expectations, and I left feeling no more enriched about my Black history than when I went in. However, I was pleased to see a great turnout of Black

The Star & Crescent E­zine March 2017: Issue 23 thestarandcrescent19.wordpress.com 14 gained popularity throughout Britain and the rest of Europe. Handmade paper cards became the tokens­du­jour (tokens of the day) in the Middle Ages.

Eventually, the tradition made its way to the New World. The industrial revolution ushered in factory­made cards in the 19th century. And in 1913, Hallmark Cards of Kansas City, Missouri, began mass producing valentines. February has not been the same since.

Today, the holiday is big business. According to market research firm IBIS World, Valentine's Day sales reached $17.6 billion last year (2016). 2017 US sales are expected The Dark Origins to total $18.6 billion.

Of Valentine's Day But that commercialization has spoiled the day for many. By Arnie Seipel Helen Fisher, a sociologist at Rutgers University, says we Valentine's Day is a time to celebrate romance and love have only ourselves to blame. "This isn't a command and kissy­face fealty. But the origins of this festival of performance," she says. "If people didn't want to buy candy and cupids are actually dark, bloody — and a bit Hallmark cards, they would not be bought, and Hallmark muddled. would go out of business."

Though no one has pinpointed the exact origin of the And so the celebration of Valentine's Day goes on, in holiday, one good place to start is ancient Rome, where varied ways. Many will break the bank buying jewellery and men hit on women by, well, hitting them. flowers for their beloveds. Others will celebrate in a SAD (that's Single Awareness Day) way, dining alone and Those Wild And Crazy Romans binging on self­gifted chocolates. A few may even be From 13 to 15 February, the Romans celebrated the feast spending this day the same way the early Romans did. But of Lupercalia. The men sacrificed a goat and a dog, then let's not go there. whipped women with the hides of the animals they had just Source: http://www.npr.org slain. The Roman romantics “were drunk. They were naked," says Noel Lenski, a historian at the University of Colorado at Boulder. Young women would actually line up for the men to hit them, Lenski says. They believed this would make them fertile.

The brutal fete included a matchmaking lottery, in which young men drew the names of women from a jar. The couple would then be coupled up for the duration of the festival — or longer, if the match was right.

The ancient Romans may also be responsible for the name of our modern day of love. Emperor Claudius II executed two men — both named Valentine — on February 14 of different years in the 3rd century A.D. Their martyrdom was honoured by the Catholic Church with the celebration of St Valentine's Day.

Later, Pope Gelasius I muddled things in the 5th century by combining St Valentine's Day with the Lupercalia to expel the pagan rituals. But the festival was more of a theatrical interpretation of what it had once been. Lenski adds, "It was a little more of a drunken revel, but the Christians put clothes back on it. That didn't stop it from being a day of fertility and love."

Around the same time, the Normans celebrated Galatin's Day. Galatin meant "lover of women." That was likely confused with St Valentine's Day at some point, in part because they sound alike.

Shakespeare In Love As the years went on, the holiday grew sweeter. Chaucer and Shakespeare romanticized it in their work, and it

The Star & Crescent E­zine March 2017: Issue 23 thestarandcrescent19.wordpress.com 15 The skin’s natural barrier is disrupted as this plastic coating 10 INGREDIENTS TO AVOID inhibits its ability to breathe and absorb the Natural PUTTING ON YOUR HAIR! Moisture Factor (moisture and nutrition). The skin’s ability to release toxins and wastes is impossible through this “plastic wrap,” which can promote acne and other disorders. It further hinders normal skin respiration/transpiration by keeping oxygen out. This process slows down skin function and normal cell development causing the skin to prematurely age. Holding in large a mounts of moisture in the skin can “flood” the biology and may result in immature, unhealthy, sensitive skin that dries out easily. Petrolatum ­ A petroleum­based grease that is used industrially as a grease component. Petrolatum exhibits many of the same potentially harmful properties as mineral oil. This stuff belongs in your engine, not on your hair. Regardless of “Well, my Grandma used vaseline on her hair and it grew,” the bottom line is this stuff is bad. It was bad for Grandma and it is bad for you.

Most of the commercially available hair care products today use harmful, potentially carcinogenic ingredients.

In the interest of good natural health, I list below, what are in my opinion, the 10 worst commonly found product ingredients you can put on your hair (and body). Check the list of ingredients on your hair products. The more of a particular ingredient you have in a product, the closer it is 3. PEG to the top of the list of ingredients on the bottle. This is an abbreviation for polyethylene glycol that is used in making cleansers to dissolve oil and grease as well as 1. ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL thicken products. Because of their effectiveness, PEG’s are This is a solvent and denaturant (poisonous substance that often used in caustic spray on oven cleaners and yet are changes another substances natural qualities). Isopropyl found in many personal care products. PEG’s contribute to alcohol is found in hair colour rinses, body rubs, hand stripping the Natural Moisture Factor, leaving the immune lotions, after­shave lotions, fragrances and many other system vulnerable. They are also potentially carcinogenic. cosmetics. This petroleum­derived substance is also used in antifreeze and as a solvent in shellac. Natural hair reacts 4. PROPYLENE GLYCOL (PG) very badly to isoalcohol and this ingredient should be As a “surfactant” or wetting agent and solvent, this avoided at ALL costs. It will dry your hair out and break it ingredient is actually the active component in anti­ off. freeze. There is no difference between the PG used in industry and the PG used in personal care products. It is According to 'A Consumer’s Dictionary of Cosmetic used in industry to break down protein and cellular Ingredients,' inhalation or ingestion of the vapour may structure (what the skin is made of) yet is found in most cause headaches, flushing, dizziness, mental depression, forms of make­up, hair products, lotions, after­shave, nausea, vomiting, narcosis and even coma. deodorants, mouthwashes and toothpaste. It is also used in 2. MINERAL OIL & PETROLATUM food processing. The best baby oil is made from almonds. But the oil which Because of its ability to quickly penetrate the skin, the EPA being sold as baby oil is 100% mineral oil. Mineral oil is a requires workers to wear protective gloves, clothing and derivative of crude oil (petroleum) that is used industrially goggles when working with this toxic substance. The as a cutting fluid and lubricating oil. This commonly used Material Safety Data Sheets warn against skin contact, as petroleum ingredient coats the skin and hair just like plastic PG has systemic consequences such as brain, liver and wrap. kidney abnormalities. Consumers are not protected nor is there a warning label on products such as stick deodorants,

The Star & Crescent E­zine March 2017: Issue 23 thestarandcrescent19.wordpress.com 16 where the concentration is greater than that in most shown that SLS when combined with other chemicals can industrial applications. be transformed into nitrosamines, a potent class of carcinogens, which causes the body to absorb nitrates at 5. SODIUM LAURYL SUFATE (SLS) & SODIUM higher levels than eating nitrate contaminated food.“ LAURETH SULFATE (SLES) SLS is used in testing labs as the standard ingredient to According to the American College of Toxicity report, "SLS irritate skin. Used as detergents and surfactants, these stays in the body for up to five days…” Other studies have closely related compounds are found in car wash soaps, indicated that SLS easily penetrates through the skin and garage floor cleaners and engine degreasers. Yet both SLS enters and maintains residual levels in the heart, the liver, and SLES are used more widely as one of the major the lungs and the brain. This poses serious questions ingredients in cosmetics, toothpaste, hair conditioner and regarding its potential health threat through its use in about 90% of all shampoos and products that foam. shampoos, cleansers and toothpaste,“

They are used in personal­care products because they are cheap. A small amount generates a large amount of foam, and when salt is added it thicken to give the illusion of being thick and concentrated. (SOME OF THE NITROSATING AGENTS ARE: SLS, SLES, DEA, TEA, MEA). Shampooing the hair with a product contaminated with these substances can lead to its absorption into the body at levels much higher than eating nitrite­contaminated foods.

Studies show its danger potential to be great when used in personal­care products. Toxicity ­ A serious problem with these chemicals is that they may be contaminated with NDELA (N­nitrosodiethanolamine), one of the nitrosamines and a potent carcinogen, according to a 1978 FDA report. Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SLES)­ SLES is the alcohol form (ethoxylated) of SLS. It is slightly less irritating than SLS, but may be more drying. Both SLS and SLES can enter the blood stream. They may cause potentially carcinogenic formations of nitrates and dioxins to form in shampoos and cleansers by reacting with other product ingredients. Large amounts of nitrates may enter the blood system from just one shampooing. Contains ether.

6. CHLORINE According to Doris J Rapp, MD, author of Is This your Child’s World? exposure to chlorine in tap water, Showers, pool, laundry products, cleaning agents, food processing, sewage systems and many others, can effect health by contributing to asthma, hay fever, anaemia, bronchitis, circulatory collapse, confusion, delirium diabetes, dizziness, irritation of the eye, mouth, nose throat, lung, skin and stomach, heart disease, high blood pressure and Mark Fearer in an article, Dangerous Beauty, says, “…in nausea. It is also a possible cause of cancer. Even though tests, animals that were exposed to SLS experienced eye you will not see Chlorine on personal care product labels, it damage, along with depression, labored breathing, is important for you to be aware of the need to protect your diarrhea, severe skin irritation and corrosion and death.” skin when bathing and washing your hair. According to the American College of Toxicology states both SLS and SLES can cause malformation in children’s 7. DEA (diethanolamine), MEA (momoethnanolamine), eyes. Other research has indicated SLS may be damaging TEA (triethanolamine) to the immune system, especially within the skin. Skin DEA and MEA are usual listed on the ingredients label in layers may separate and inflame due to its protein conjunction with the compound being neutralized. Thus denaturing properties. It is possibly the most dangerous of look for names like Cocamide DEA or MES, Lauramide ad ingredients in personal care products. Research has

The Star & Crescent E­zine March 2017: Issue 23 thestarandcrescent19.wordpress.com 17 DEA, etc. These are hormone disrupting chemicals and are known to form cancer causing nitrates and nitrosamines. These are commonly found in most personal care products that foam, including bubble baths, body washes, shampoos, soaps and facial cleansers.

On the show, CBS This Morning, Roberta Baskin revealed that a recent government report shows DEA and MEA are readily absorbed in the skin. Dr. Samuel Epstein, Professor of Environmental Health at the University of Illinois said "repeated skin applications of DEA­based detergents resulted in a major increase in the incidence of two cancers ­ liver and kidney cancers.” John Bailey, who oversees the cosmetic division for the FDA said the new study is especial important since “the risk equation changes significantly for children."

8. FD & C Colour PIGMENTS Many colour pigments cause skin sensitivity and irritation. Absorption of certain colours can cause depletion of oxygen in the body and even death according to A Consumer’s dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients. Debra Lynn Dadd says in Home Safe Home: "Colours that can be used in foods, drug, and cosmetics are made from coal tar. There is a great deal of controversy about their use, because animal studies have shown almost all of them to be carcinogenic.”

9. FRAGRANCE Fragrance is present in most deodorants shampoos, sunscreens, skin care, body care and baby products. Many of the compounds in fragrance are carcinogenic or otherwise toxic. “Fragrance on a label can indicate the presence of up to 4,000 separate ingredients. Most or all of them are synthetic. Symptoms reported to the FDA have included headaches, dizziness, rashes, skin discolouration, violent coughing and vomiting, and allergic skin irritation. Clinical observation by medical doctors have shown that exposure to fragrances can affect the central nervous system, causing depression, hyperactivity, irritability, inability to cope, and other behavioural changes,” (Home Safe Home). For better health try purchasing unscented products and for fragrance, adding a natural essential oil.

10. IMIDAZOLIDINYL UREA and DMDM HYDANTOIN These are just two of the many preservatives that release formaldehyde (formaldehyde­donors). According to the Mayo clinic, formaldehyde can irritate the respiratory system, cause skin reactions and trigger heart palpitations. Exposure to formaldehyde may cause joint pain, allergies, depression, headaches, chest pains, ear infections, Chronic fatigue, dizziness and loss of sleep. It can also aggravate coughs and colds and trigger asthma. Serious side effects include weakening of the immune system and cancer. Nearly all brands of skin, body and hair care, antiperspirants and nail polish found in stores contain Pictures: Natural Hair Lovers formaldehyde­releasing ingredients. and Beautiful Black People (Source: nappturality.com)

The Star & Crescent E­zine March 2017: Issue 23 thestarandcrescent19.wordpress.com 18 • higher consumption of meat in the US; Health Benefits of • higher consumption of vegetables, legumes, fish, Navy (Haricot) Beans and wine in Southern Europe; and • higher consumption of cereals, soy products, and fish in Japan.

When researchers analysed this data in relation to the risk of death from heart disease, they found that higher legume (a seed, pod, or other edible part of a leguminous plant, used as food) consumption was associated with a 82% reduction in heart attack risk! Navy beans' contribution to heart health lies not just in their fibre, but in the significant amounts of folate and magnesium these beans supply. Folate helps lower levels of homocysteine, (an amino acid that is an intermediate product in an important metabolic process called the methylation cycle). Elevated blood levels of homocysteine are an independent risk factor for heart attack, stroke, or peripheral vascular disease, and are found in between 20­ Health Benefits 40% of patients with heart disease. It has been estimated Navy beans are an excellent source of cholesterol­lowering that consumption of 100% of the daily value (DV) of folate fibre. In addition to lowering cholesterol, navy beans' high would, by itself, reduce the number of heart attacks fibre content prevents blood sugar levels from rising too suffered each year by 10%. Just one cup of cooked navy rapidly after a meal, making these beans an especially beans provides 63.7% of the recommended daily intake for good choice for individuals with diabetes, insulin resistance folate. or hypoglycaemia. When combined with whole grains such as brown rice, navy beans provide virtually fat­free high quality protein. But this is far from all navy beans have to offer. Navy beans are a very good source of folate (folic acid) and manganese, and a good source of protein and vitamin B1 as well as the minerals phosphorus, copper, magnesium and iron.

A Fibre All Star Navy beans are rich in dietary fibre. Soluble fibre forms a gel­like substance in the digestive tract that combines with bile (which contains cholesterol) and ferries it out of the body. Research studies have shown that insoluble fibre not only helps to increase stool bulk and prevent constipation, but also helps prevent digestive disorders like irritable bowel syndrome and diverticulosis.

Navy beans' good supply of magnesium puts yet another plus in the column of its beneficial cardiovascular effects. Magnesium is nature's own calcium channel blocker. When there is enough magnesium around, veins and arteries breathe a sigh of relief and relax, which lessens resistance and improves the flow of blood, oxygen and nutrients throughout the body. Studies show that a deficiency of magnesium is not only associated with heart attack but that immediately following a heart attack, lack of sufficient magnesium promotes free radical injury to the heart.

Potassium, an important electrolyte involved in nerve Lower Your Heart Attack Risk transmission and the contraction of all muscles including In a study that examined food intake patterns and risk of the heart, is another mineral that is essential for death from coronary heart disease, researchers followed maintaining normal blood pressure and heart function. more than 16,000 middle­aged men in the US, Finland, The Navy beans are ready to promote your cardiovascular Netherlands, Italy, former Yugoslavia, Greece and Japan health by being a good source of this mineral, too. A one for 25 years. Typical food patterns were: cup serving of navy beans provides over 700 mg of • higher consumption of dairy products in Northern potassium, making these beans an especially good choice Europe; to protect against high blood pressure and atherosclerosis.

The Star & Crescent E­zine March 2017: Issue 23 thestarandcrescent19.wordpress.com 19 deficiency, boosting iron stores with navy beans is a good idea — especially because, unlike red meat, another source of iron, navy beans are low in calories and virtually fat­free.

Iron is an integral component of haemoglobin, which transports oxygen from the lungs to all body cells, and is also part of key enzyme systems for energy production and metabolism. And remember, if you're pregnant or lactating, your needs for iron increase. Growing children and adolescents also have increased needs for iron. A one cup serving of navy beans provides 24% of the daily recommended intake for iron.

Copper & Manganese—More Help with Energy Production Plus Antioxidant Defences Navy beans are a very good source of manganese and a good source of copper, trace minerals that are essential Navy Beans Give You Energy to Burn While Stabilizing cofactors of a key oxidative enzyme called superoxide Blood Sugar dismutase. Superoxide dismutase disarms free radicals In addition to its beneficial effects on the digestive system produced within the mitochondria (the energy production and the heart, the dietary fibre found in navy beans helps factories within our cells). stabilize blood sugar levels. If you have insulin resistance, hypoglycaemia or diabetes, navy beans can really help you Copper is also necessary for the activity of lysyl oxidase, balance blood sugar levels while providing steady, slow­ an enzyme involved in cross­linking collagen and elastin, burning energy. Studies of high fibre diets and blood sugar both of which provide the ground substance and flexibility levels have shown the dramatic benefits provided by these in blood vessels, bones and joints. high fibre foods. As explained above, iron is primarily used as part of Researchers compared two groups of people with type 2 haemoglobin, the molecule responsible for transporting and diabetes who were fed different amounts of high fibre releasing oxygen throughout the body. But haemoglobin foods. One group ate the standard American Diabetic diet, synthesis also relies on copper. Without copper, iron which contained 24 grams of fibre/day, while the other cannot be properly utilized in red blood cells. Fortunately, group ate a diet containing 50 grams of fibre/day. Those Mother Nature supplies both minerals in navy beans. who ate the diet higher in fibre had lower levels of both plasma glucose (blood sugar) and insulin (the hormone that helps blood sugar get into cells). The high fibre group also reduced their total cholesterol by nearly 7%, their triglyceride levels by 10.2% and their VLDL (Very Low Density Lipoprotein — the most dangerous form of cholesterol) levels by 12.5%.

Haemoglobin in blood

Maintain Your Memory with Thiamine (Vitamin B1) Thiamine participates in enzymatic reactions central to energy production and is also critical for brain cell/cognitive function. This is because thiamine is needed for the synthesis of acetylcholine, the important neurotransmitter essential for memory and whose lack has been found to be a significant contributing factor in age­related impairment in Iron for Energy mental function (senility) and Alzheimer's disease. In addition to providing slow burning complex Alzheimer's disease is clinically characterized by a carbohydrates, navy beans can increase your energy by decrease in acetylcholine levels. helping to replenish your iron stores. Particularly for menstruating women, who are more at risk for iron

The Star & Crescent E­zine March 2017: Issue 23 thestarandcrescent19.wordpress.com 20 canned vegetables, which have lost much of their Protein Power Plus nutritional value, there is little difference in the nutritional If you're wondering how to replace red meat in your menus, value of canned navy beans and those you cook yourself. become a fan of navy beans. These hearty beans are a good source of protein, and when combined with a whole grain such as whole wheat pasta or brown rice, provide protein comparable to that of meat or dairy foods without the high calories or saturated fat found in these foods. And, when you get your protein from navy beans, you also get the blood sugar stabilizing and heart health benefits of the soluble fibre provided by these versatile legumes. A cup of navy beans provides about 15 grams of protein.

Canning lowers vegetables' nutritional value since they are best lightly cooked for a short period of time, while their canning process requires a long cooking time at high temperatures. On the other hand, beans require a long time to cook whether they are canned or you cook them yourself. Therefore, if enjoying canned beans is more convenient for you, by all means go ahead and enjoy them. We would suggest looking for those that do not contain extra salt or additives. (One concern about canned foods is the potential for the can to include a liner made from bisphenol A/BPA. To learn more about reducing your Description exposure to this compound, please read our write­up on Navy beans are small, pea­sized beans that are creamy the subject). white in colour. They are a mild­flavoured bean that is dense and creamy. Store dried navy beans in an airtight container in a cool, dry and dark place where they will keep for up to 12 months. History Cooked navy beans will keep fresh in the refrigerator for Navy beans are known scientifically as Phaseolus vulgaris. about 3 days if placed in a covered container. They are referred to as "common beans" probably because it is derived from a common bean ancestor that originated in Peru.

From there, beans were spread throughout South and Central America by migrating Indian trades. Beans were introduced into Europe in the 15th century by Spanish explorers returning from their voyages to the New World.

As beans are a very inexpensive form of good protein, they have become popular in many cultures throughout the world. The navy bean got its current popular name because it was a staple food of the United States Navy in the early 20th century. Today, the largest commercial producers of dried common beans, including the navy bean, are India, China, Indonesia, Brazil and the United States. Tips for Preparing and Cooking How to Select and Store Dried navy beans are generally available in pre­packaged Tips for Preparing Navy Beans containers as well as bulk bins. Just as with any other food Before washing navy beans, spread them out on a dark that you may purchase in the bulk section, make sure that coloured plate or cooking surface to check for and remove the bins are covered and that the store has a good product stones, debris or damaged beans. Then place the beans in turnover rate to ensure maximal freshness. a strainer, rinsing them thoroughly under cool running Whether purchasing navy beans in bulk or in a packaged water. container, make sure there is no evidence of moisture or To shorten cooking time and make them easier to digest, insect damage and that beans are whole and not cracked. navy beans should be pre­soaked. There are two basic Canned navy beans can be found in most markets. Unlike methods for pre­soaking (pre­soaking has been found to

The Star & Crescent E­zine March 2017: Issue 23 thestarandcrescent19.wordpress.com 21 reduce the raffinose­type oligo­saccharides, sugars associated with causing flatulence.) For each, start by Individual Concerns placing the beans in a saucepan with two to three cups of Oxalate Content water per cup of beans. Navy beans consistently been determined to have high oxalate content. Oxalates are naturally occurring organic The first method is to boil the beans for 2 minutes, take the acids found in a wide variety of foods, and in the case of pan off the heat, cover and allow to stand for 2 hours. The certain medical conditions, they must be greatly restricted alternative method is to simply soak the beans in water for in a meal plan to prevent over­accumulation inside the 8 hours or overnight, placing the pan in the refrigerator so body. that the beans will not ferment. Before cooking the beans, drain the soaking liquid and rinse beans with clean water. Nutritional Profile Navy beans are an excellent source of dietary fibre and a The Healthiest Way of Cooking Navy Beans very good source of both folate and manganese. They are To cook the beans, you can either cook them on the stove also a good source of many minerals including copper, top or use a pressure cooker. For the stove top method, phosphorus, magnesium and iron. In addition, navy beans add 3 cups of fresh water or broth for each cup of dried are a good source of protein and vitamin B1. beans. The liquid should be about 1 to 2 inches above the top of the beans. Recommended reading: How to eat to live Parts 1 and 2 by the Honourable Elijah Muhammad Bring the beans to a boil and then reduce to a simmer, partially covering the pot. If any foam develops, simply skim Source: http://www.whfoods.com Pictures: https://www.walmart.ca http://www.wisegeek.org it off during the simmering process. Navy beans generally http://www.thedailymeal.com http://www.tvseed.com take about 1 to 1½ hours to become tender using this http://healthyeating.sfgate.com method.

Navy beans can also be cooked in a pressure cooker where they take about one­half hour to prepare. Regardless of cooking method, do not add any seasonings that are salty or acidic until after the beans have been cooked, since adding them earlier will make the beans tough and greatly increase the cooking time.

Baked beans

How to Enjoy A Few Quick Serving Ideas • Make a delicious sandwich spread by blending cooked navy beans in a food processor with olive or flax oil and your favourite herbs and spices. • Add a protein punch to tomato soup by serving it with some pre­cooked navy beans mixed throughout. • Mix cooked navy beans with olive oil, sage and garlic and serve on bruschetta. • Use navy beans to make delicious and nutritious white chili. • Add cooked and cooled navy beans to a salad of leeks and chard and top with a rosemary vinaigrette.

The Star & Crescent E­zine March 2017: Issue 23 thestarandcrescent19.wordpress.com 22 Nation of Islam London Study Group (LSG) meetings Every week Brothers and Sisters of the Nation of Islam The Honourable Elijah Muhammad meet and engage in a course of study prepared by Minister Louis Farrakhan called 'Self Improvement – The Basis What the Muslims want for Community Development.' 1. We want freedom. We want a full and complete Brothers and Sisters are invited to join our family at our freedom. regular weekly meetings, held at the following venue: ­ 2. We want justice. Equal justice under the law. We want justice applied equally to all, regardless of creed or class or The Dianetics & Scientology Life Improvement Centre colour. 68 Tottenham Court Road London W1T 2EZ 3. We want equality of opportunity. We want equal Every Friday from 8 pm to 9.45 pm. membership in society with the best in civilized society. Every Sunday from 2 pm to 4 pm. 4. We want our people in America whose parents or Telephone number: 07753 627298 grandparents were descendants from slaves, to be allowed to establish a separate state or territory of their own–either 07932 703338 on this continent or elsewhere. We believe that our former 07852 895155 slave masters are obligated to provide such land and that 07779 334635 the area must be fertile and minerally rich. We believe that Underground: Goodge Street, Northern Line our former slave masters are obligated to maintain and supply our needs in this separate territory for the next 20 to Email: [email protected] 25 years – until we are able to produce and supply our own Website: www.londonstudygroup19.org needs. Since we cannot get along with them in peace and YouTube channel: London Study Group equality, after giving them 400 years of our sweat and blood and receiving in return some of the worst treatment human beings have ever experienced, we believe our contributions to this land and the suffering forced upon us by white America, justifies our demand for complete separation in a state or territory of our own. 5. We want freedom for all Believers of Islam now held in federal prisons. We want freedom for all Black men and women now under death sentence in innumerable prisons in the North as well as the South. We want every Black man and woman to have the freedom to accept or reject being separated from the slave master’s children and establish a land of their own. We know that the above plan for the solution of the Black and white conflict is the best and only answer to the problem between two people. 6. We want an immediate end to the police brutality and mob attacks against the so-called Negro throughout the United States. We believe that the Federal government should intercede to see that Black men and women tried in http:// bfsg. org.uk white courts receive justice in accordance with the laws of the land–or allow us to build a new nation for ourselves, dedicated to justice, freedom and liberty. 7. As long as we are not allowed to establish a state or territory of our own, we demand not only equal justice under the laws of the United States, but equal employment

The Star & Crescent E­zine March 2017: Issue 23 thestarandcrescent19.wordpress.com 23 opportunities–NOW! We do not believe that after 400 years of the righteous. of free or nearly free labour, sweat and blood, which has helped America become rich and powerful, so many 6. WE BELIEVE in the judgment; we believe this first thousands of Black people should have to subsist on relief judgment will take place as God revealed, in America… or charity or live in poor houses. 7. WE BELIEVE this is the time in history for the separation 8. We want the government of the United States to exempt of the so-called Negroes and the so-called white our people from ALL taxation as long as we are deprived of Americans. We believe the Black man should be freed in equal justice under the laws of the land. name as well as in fact. By this we mean that he should be freed from the names imposed upon him by his former 9. We want equal education–but separate schools up to 16 slave masters. Names which identified him as being the for boys and 18 for girls on the condition that the girls be slave master’s slave. We believe that if we are free indeed, sent to women’s colleges and universities. We want all we should go in our own people’s names–the Black people Black children educated, taught and trained by their own of the Earth. teachers. Under such schooling system we believe we will make a better nation of people. The United States 8. WE BELIEVE in justice for all, whether in God or not; we government should provide, free, all necessary text books believe as others, that we are due equal justice as human and equipment, schools and college buildings. The Muslim beings. We believe in equality–as a nation–of equals. We teachers shall be left free to teach and train their people in do not believe that we are equal with our slave masters in the way of righteousness, decency and self respect. the status of “freed slaves.” We recognize and respect American citizens as independent peoples and we respect 10. We believe that intermarriage or race mixing should be their laws which govern this nation. prohibited. We want the religion of Islam taught without hindrance or suppression. 9. WE BELIEVE that the offer of integration is hypocritical and is made by those who are trying to deceive the Black peoples into believing that their 400-year-old open enemies of freedom, justice and equality are, all of a sudden, their “friends.” Furthermore, we believe that such deception is intended to prevent Black people from realizing that the time in history has arrived for the separation from the whites of this nation. If the white people are truthful about their professed friendship toward the so-called Negro, they can prove it by dividing up America with their slaves. We do not believe that America will ever be able to furnish enough jobs for her own millions of unemployed, in addition to jobs for the 20,000,000 black people as well. 10. WE BELIEVE that we who declare ourselves to be righteous Muslims, should not participate in wars which take the lives of humans. We do not believe this nation should force us to take part in such wars, for we have nothing to gain from it unless America agrees to give us the Master W Fard Muhammad necessary territory wherein we may have something to fight for. What The Muslims Believe 11. WE BELIEVE our women should be respected and 1. WE BELIEVE In the One God whose proper Name is protected as the women of other nationalities are respected Allah. and protected. 2. WE BELIEVE in the Holy Qur’an and in the Scriptures of 12. WE BELIEVE that Allah (God) appeared in the Person all the Prophets of God. of Master W Fard Muhammad, July, 1930; the long-awaited “Messiah” of the Christians and the “Mahdi” of the Muslims. 3. WE BELIEVE in the truth of the Bible, but we believe We believe further and lastly that Allah is God and besides that it has been tampered with and must be reinterpreted HIM there is no god and He will bring about a universal so that mankind will not be snared by the falsehoods that government of peace wherein we all can live in peace have been added to it. together. Source: http://www.noi.org 4. WE BELIEVE in Allah’s Prophets and the Scriptures they Disclaimer: The Nation of Islam London Study Group does brought to the people. not claim credit for any images featured on this site, unless otherwise noted. Usually we try to give credit where we 5. WE BELIEVE in the the resurrection of the dead–not in can. All visual content, copy and images is copyright to its physical resurrection–but in mental resurrection. We respectful owners. We are neither responsible, nor have we believe that the so-called Negroes are most in need of control on content of any external website links Information mental resurrection; therefore they will be resurrected first. on this site can contain errors or inaccuracies although we Furthermore, we believe we are the people of God’s try all in our power to avoid this. If you own rights to any choice, as it has been written, that God would choose the images and articles and do not wish them to appear here, rejected and the despised. We can find no other persons please do not hesitate to contact us for direct removal. fitting this description in these last days more that the so- called Negroes in America. We believe in the resurrection

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