Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2017; 5(3): 1425-1430

E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 A survey on indigenous Freshwater Mollusc of JEZS 2017; 5(3): 1425-1430 © 2017 JEZS undivided Paschim Medinipur District of West Received: 15-03-2017 Accepted: 16-04-2017 Bengal

Angsuman Chanda PG Dept. of Zoology, Raja N. L. Khan Women’s College, Angsuman Chanda Midnapur, Paschim Medinipur, , Abstract

A survey was conducted to explore the indigenous Freshwater of undivided Paschim Medinipur District of West Bengal during May 2013 to November 2015. Mollusc as The present study results revealed that freshwater ecosystem of undivided Paschim Medinipur represents existence of nine species of edible mollusks under eight genera of six families and four orders. Out of these nine species four species namely Bellamya bengalensis (Lamarck,1882, Pila globosa (swainson, 1828), Lamellidens marginalis

(Lamarck, 1819) and acuminata (Lamarck, 1822) are most abundant and found in all most all twenty nine revenue blocks of undivided Paschim Medinipur District. Present work is the first report of indigenous freshwater molluscan diversity of the study area.

Keywords: Freshwater, molluscs, diversity, Paschim Medinipur

1. Introduction Molluscs contribute second largest world biodiversity among and most successful group of [1, 2] invertebrate next to insects . The estimated molluscan species ranges from 80,00 to 135,000 Boss [3] and Van Bruggen [4] estimated the same ranges 50,000-200,000. Seddon [5]

reported 5000 freshwater species of molluscs. Majority of the freshwater species of West Bengal are regarded as supplementary food resources of village people as well as urban citizen. Freshwater molluscs also play a vital role in public and veterinary health and need to [6] explore extensively . Freshwater molluscs serve as protein rich food resource in a number of countries like India [7], Mexico [8], Tiwan, Formosa Thiland, and the Philippines [9]. It is now well established that molluscs are used as supplementary food in fishery and duckery farm. [10] [11, 12] Chakraborty and Chowdhury and Khalua et al, have studied on the littoral molluscan diversity of coast and reported 43 species of littoral molluscs. Khalua et al. [13]

studied seasonal variation of food value of a freshwater mollusc, Bellamya bengalensis from . But the diversity of freshwater molluscs of Paschim Medinipur remains untouched. Therefore, present study Therefore, present study was conducted to explore the

indigenous Freshwater Mollusc as of undivided Paschim Medinipur District of West Bengal.

2. Materials and Methods

Present study is mainly based on the specimen collection, preservation, identification, distribution and analysis of their protein value as a food resource. Specimens were collected from different river, pond, bill, and canals applying different commercial fishing method

throughout all the blocks of undivided Paschim Medinipur during May 2013 to November 2015.

2.1 Methodology

a. Block-wise collection of mollusc from different water bodies of the district by hand, net & from village people who capture by traditional method. b. Specimens were washed in fresh water to remove algae, mud and other substances and preserve in rectified spirit. Correspondence c. Identification of specimen by existing literature [1] & by the help of scientists of ZSI. Angsuman Chanda PG Dept. of Zoology, Raja N. L. d. Distribution of different species will be recorded. Khan Women’s College, e. Water parameters (Temp., DO, pH, Conductivity) were analysed according to APHA Midnapur, Paschim Medinipur, 2005. West Bengal, India ~ 1425 ~ Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies

f. For convenience of the study total area has been divided 0.50 – 0.60 slightly similar into three geomorphological subdivisions viz. 0.41 – 0.50 moderately dissimilar < 0.40 strongly dissimilar i) Ghatal subdivision (flood prone):- –I, Chandrakona–II, Daspur–I, Daspur–II and . h. Protein contain of each species has been studied by ii) subdivision (drought prone):- Binpur–I, Kjeldahl methodology [16]. Binpur–II, Jamboni, Jhargram, Gopiballavpur–I, Gopiballavpur–II, Nayagram and Sankrail. % of Nitrogen = V1 – Bl x 0.1 x 1.4 iii) Midnapur Sadar & subdivision Wt (industrial as well as agricultural):- Medinipur Sadar, % of Protein = % of Nitrogen x Power factor Garhbeta–I, Garhbeta–II, Garhbeta–III, Keshpur and Where, V1 = Final reading Shalboni, Dantan–I, Dantan–II, Pingla, Kharagpur–I, Bl = Blank sample reading Kharagpur–II, Sabang, Mohanpur, Narayangarh, Wt = Weight Keshiari and Debra. 0.1 = Cons. H2So4 value 1.4 = N2 value g. Measurement of distributional statistics by Sorensen’s 6.25 = Protein conversion factor [14] similarity index. i. Analysis of data through comparison between different Q.S = 2c / a+b species and recommendation of the species for human Where, a = Number of species in one area. consumption and conservation. b = Number of species in other area. c = Number of species common to both the areas. 3. Study site Degree of Similarity of otherwise was judged following under The study site is Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal, India (23◦ mentioned scale: 00'-21̊ 47'N & 86◦ 40'-87̊ 52'E) located in the laterite belt >0.71 strongly similar (Fig.-1). Climatic conditions under the influence of South- 0.61 – 0.70 moderately similar West and North-East monsoon

Fig 1: Map of study area (Paschim Medinipur District Map) ~ 1426 ~ Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies

4. Result and Discussion 5. Statistical analysis of faunal distribution The present study revealed that freshwater system of Paschim Geomorphology of undivided Paschim Medinipur District is Medinipur represents the existence of 9 species under 8 quite diversified and broadly divided into three subregions different genera. All these genera belonging to 6 different namely Ghatal subdivision (flood prone) including families and under 4 different orders (Table-1). Four species Chandrakona–I, Chandrakona–II, Daspur–I, Daspur–II and namely Bellamya bengalensis (Lamarck, 1882), Pila globosa Ghatal blocks; Jhargram subdivision (drought prone) (swainson, 1828), Lamellidens marginalis (Lamarck, 1819) including Binpur–I, Binpur–II, Jamboni, Jhargram, and Lymnaea acuminata (Lamarck, 1822) were abundant and Gopiballavpur–I, Gopiballavpur–II, Nayagram and Sankrail found in all most all 29 revenue Blocks of the district (Table- blocks and Midnapur Sadar & Kharagpur subdivision 2). All the species were under Least Concern category of (industrial as well as agricultural) including Medinipur Sadar, IUCN (2014.3) status (Table-1). exustus Garhbeta–I, Garhbeta–II, Garhbeta–III, Keshpur and (Deshayes, 1834) showed most restricted distribution and Shalboni, Dantan–I, Dantan–II, Pingla, Kharagpur–I, found only in Pingla Block. Beside these, Melanoides Kharagpur–II, Sabang, Mohanpur, Narayangarh, Keshiari and tuberculata (O. F. Müller, 1774), Lamellidens corrianus(Lea, Debra revenue blocks. The faunal distribution of these three 1834), Gabbia orcula (Frauenfeld, 1862) and Terebia lineate geomorphological subdivisions is more or less similar (Table- (Gray, 1828) showed restricted distribution and found within 3). Sorensen’s Quotient of similarity Index [14] revealed that two to three Blocks (Table-2). As the study area has been all the three geomorphological subdivisions are strongly divided into three geomorphological subdivisions it was similar in their freshwater molluscan faunal distribution found that all the 9 species were available in agro-industrial (Table- 4). Similarity between Ghantal Subdivision and subdivision of Midnapur-Kharagpur region. Both agro based, Jhargram Subdivision is maximum (0.80) and between other flood prone Ghantal Subdivision and drought prone Jhargram two is equal (0.72). Subdivision represents 5 species each (Table-3). Majority of the samples were collected from May to 6. Conclusion September-October of 2013 and 2014. Ecological parameters The present study is a grassroots survey of the freshwater like water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and conductivity macro-faunal diversity is certainly being the extension of of water sample of collection spots has been measured (Table- knowledge and base line for further study of future 6). It has been observed that water temperature of the study researchers. The survey results that the distribution of site varies from 26.7 ̊ C to 37.1 ̊ C. pH ranges from nearly freshwater edible molluscs of Paschim Medinipur is strongly neutral to alkaline up to 10. Dissolved oxygen ranges from 5.6 similar in between three geomorphological subdivisions of the ppm to 7.1 ppm during the study period. Conductivity of district. A further study on diversity and conservation of water body ranges from 26.86 μS – 376.6 μS (at cons. 0.5) freshwater molluscan fauna is suggested as because some of and from 53.51 μS – 755.4 μS. Electric conductivity of water the species may overlooked by the investigator and continues is positively correlated to temperature and pH. During the monitoring is essential for assessment of the status of an present study it has been observed that majority of the village organism in its natural habitat. people consumed mollusks as a palatable protein resource. Therefore, all the species have been randomly estimated for 7. Acknowledgements: Author express his sincere gratitude their protein contain. Protein analysis of the sample revealed to the Principal, Raja N. L. Khan Women’s College, that Indoplanorbis exustus (Deshayes, 1834) [protein Midnapur, Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal, India for percentage 18.33 ± 0.45], Melanoides tuberculata (O. F. providing facilities to execute the present study. Author Müller, 1774) [protein percentage 12.62 ± 0.45] and Bellamya earnestly acknowledges the help, received from the Director bengalensis (Lamarck, 1882) [protein percentage-12.10 ± and scientist of Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata for 0.67] represents maximum percentage of protein in respect to identification of specimens. Author is also thankful to UGC their body weight (Table-5). Khalua et al. [13] studied on [Ref. F. No. 42-610/2013 (SR)], Govt. of India for seasonal variation of protein content of Bellamya bengalensis sanctioning a Major Research Project under which the present in Paschim Medinipur and reported maximum protein work is completed. percentage (17.20 ± 1.78) during premonsoon and minimum (8.79 ± 0.15 ) in post-monsoon. Therefore present result is quite expected.

Table 1: List of Molluscs with IUCN (2014.3) status and their distribution found in Paschim Medinipur District.

Name of the Name of the IUCN Distribution in Paschim Medinipur Name of the species order family (2014.3) (blockwise) Architaenioglossa Viviparidae Bellamya bengalensis (Lamarck,1882) LC All Blocks Ampullariidae Pila globosa (swainson, 1828) LC All Blocks All Blocks except Binpur I, Binpur II, Lymnaea acuminata (Lamarck, 1822) LC Garbeta II, Debra Sorbeoconcha Thiaridae Melanoides tuberculata (O. F. Müller, 1774) LC Pingla, Garbeta I, Gopiballavpur I Unionoida Unionidae Lamellidens marginalis (Lamarck, 1819) LC All Blocks Lamellidens corrianus(Lea, 1834) LC Narayangarg, Salboni Bithyniidae Gabbia orcula (Frauenfeld, 1862) LC KGP I, Chandrakona I Terebia lineate (Gray, 1828) LC Pingla, Garbeta I & II, KGP I, Narayangarh Indoplanorbis exustus (Deshayes, 1834) LC Pingla Abbreviations: IUCN = International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources; LC = Least Concern.

~ 1427 ~ Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies

Table 2: Distributional pattern of freshwater of Paschim Medinipur District

Architaenioglossa Hygrophila Sorbeoconcha Unionoida Viviparidae Ampullariidae Lymnaeidae Thiaridae Unionidae Bithyniidae Bellamya Pila Lymnaea Melanoides Lamellidens Gabbia Terebia Indoplanorbis Name of Lymnaea Melanoides Lamellidens Gabbia Terebia Indoplanorbis Block Bellamya Pila globosa Lamellidens acuminata tuberculata marginalis orcula lineate exustus bengalensis (swainson, corrianus(Lea, (Lamarck, (O. F. Müller, (Lamarck, (Frauenfeld, (Gray, (Deshayes, (Lamarck,1882) 1828) 1834) 1822) 1774) 1819) 1862 1828) 1834) Narayangarh + + + - + + - - - Sabong + + + - + - - - - Pingla + + + + + - - + + Debra + + - - + - - - - Chandrakona + + + - + - + - - I Chandrakona + + + - + - - - - II Binpur I + + - - + - - - - Binpur II + + - - + - - - - Jamboni + + + - + - - - - Jhargram + + + - + - - - - Garhbeta III + + + - + - - - - Garhbeta II + + - - + - - + - Garhbeta I + + + + + - - + - Sankrail + + + - + - - - - + + + - + - - - - Gopiballavpur + + + + + - - - - I Gopiballavpur + + + - + - - - - II Nayagram + + + - + - - - - Keshpur + + + - + - - - - Midnapur + + + - + - - - - + + + - + - + + - Kharagpur II + + + - + - - - - Dantan I + + + - + - - - - Dantan II + + + - + - - - - Mohonpur + + + - + - - - - Ghatal + + + - + - - - - Daspur I + + + - + - - - - Daspur II + + + - + - - - - Salboni + + + - + + - - -

Table 3: Number of mollusc found from three different geomorphological subdivision are as follows:

Geomorphological subdivisions Number of species Jhargram subdivision 5 Kharagpur subdivision & Medinipur Sadar subdivision 9 Ghatal subdivision 5

Table 4: Sorensen’s Quotient of similarity Index (1948), Based on the distribution of mollusc in three geomorphological subdivision of Paschim Medinipur district.

Region Q/S value Remarks Ghatal subdivision vs 0.72 Strongly similar Kharagpur subdivision & Medinipur Sadar subdivision Ghatal subdivision vs 0.8 Strongly similar Jhargram subdivision Jhargram subdivision vs 0.72 Strongly similar Kharagpur subdivision & Medinipur Sadar subdivision

Table 5: Protein analysis in different species

Serial No. Species name Protein percentage 1. Bellamya bengalensis (Lamarck,1882) 12.10 ± 0.67 2. Pila globosa (swainson, 1828) 8.05 ± 0.91 3. Lamellidens marginalis (Lamarck, 1819) 9.98 ± 2.97 4. Lamellidens corrianus(Lea, 1834) 7.78 ± 0.85 5. Lymnaea acuminata (Lamarck, 1822) 6.51 ± 0.73 6. Melanoides tuberculata (O. F. Müller, 1774) 12.62 ± 0.45 7. Gabbia orcula (Frauenfeld, 1862) 9.35 ± 0.84 8. Terebia lineate (Gray, 1828) 8.69 ± 1.04 9. Indoplanorbis exustus (Deshayes, 1834) 18.33 ± 0.45

~ 1428 ~ Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies

Table 6: Ecological parameters of water samples collected during study.

EC (μS) SL Name of the Temp. DO Date Collection spot pH Cons. No. Block (0C) (ppm) Cons.1.0 0.5 Murakata 35.4 7.309 5.8 206.2 416.4 1 20.05.13,24.0513 Narayangarh Kataikhal 35.7 7.481 6.1 160.9 320.3 Rampura 34.6 7.662 6.2 208.6 410.4 Kundalpal 32.6 7.521 6.7 271.4 536.4 Kundara 33.6 8.119 6.3 237.6 471.0 2 21.05.13,22.05.13 Sabong Harirhat 33.8 7.924 6.3 376.6 755.4 Mohar 39.3 7.996 5.6 213.4 456.3 Churchara 35.5 8.076 6.1 160.0 318.2 Mundamari 34.8 7.738 6.1 192.7 385.4 3 27.05.13,28.05.13,09.03.14,10.03.14 Pingla Gobordhanpur 36.6 8.213 5.9 242.1 483.2 Kunjapur 36.5 7.335 5.9 319.4 640.4 Kethar 33.6 7.935 6.3 208.3 407.0 4 23.05.13 Debra Panchgeria 35.4 7.6 6.1 101.9 215.2 Patna 34.1 7.672 6.2 201.9 415.8 29.1 7.417 6.5 101.5 230.1 5 06.07.13,08.07.13 Chandrakona I Banka 33.3 7.114 6.3 128.3 302.2 Jayantipur 33.7 7.513 6.1 139.9 312.1 Baburber 33.4 6.931 6.3 75.85 148.5 Kolaber 35.0 8.437 6.1 148.8 322.5 Malleshwarpur 37.1 7.608 5.9 129.3 275.9 6 05.07.1307.07.13 Chandrakona II Karashia 35.5 10.06 6.1 152.8 306.2 Kamarkhanda 35.1 8.971 6.1 81.58 162.3 Palaschabri 37.1 9.130 5.9 83.6 167.5 7 14.09.13 Binpur I Lalgarh 34.7 8.035 6.1 127.4 272.5 8 13.09.13 Binpur II Belpahari 34.5 7.701 6.2 177.6 357.9 9 15.09.13 Jamboni Jamboni 33.9 7.851 6.3 123.7 257.3 Lodhasuli 31.3 7.787 6.6 285.5 572.4 10 09.09.13,10.09.13 Jhargram Sabitrimandir 30.6 7.301 6.3 201.7 472.4 11 06.10.13 Garhbeta III Nayabasat 30.3 7.747 6.7 46.45 93.31 12 07.10.13 Garhbeta II Goaltore 30.5 7.679 6.6 78.57 162.7 13 08.10.13 Garhbeta I Moldanga 31.2 7.681 6.6 52.06 103.8 14 25.10.13 Sankrail Pakuria 26.7 7.311 7.2 26.86 53.51 15 26.10.13 Keshiary Bhasra 29.4 7.284 6.8 45.61 87.51 16 28.10.13, 07.03.14,08.03.14 Gopiballavpur I Gopiballavpur 29.7 7.413 6.9 44.61 98.13 17 29.10.13 Gopiballavpur II Beliaberah 30.2 7.147 7.1 37.01 79.53 18 30.10.13 Nayagram Kharika 31.3 7.287 6.7 45.70 89.93 Pakuria 32.6 7.421 6.2 130.9 262.3 19 16.05.14,17.05.14 Keshpur Mahisda 33.9 7.105 6.1 102.9 215.2 Chutargeria 32.8 7.354 6.0 98.6 201.0 Tantigeria 30.6 6.795 6.1 120.2 237.7 Chotobazar 30.8 6.251 5.9 76.4 143.5 20 18.05.14,19.05.14 Midnapur Mirzabazar 31.4 6.957 5.6 85.2 175.5 Gandhighat 29.5 7.054 6.5 92.4 173.4 Arjuni 33.3 7.241 6.3 175.4 351.4 21 20.05.14,21.05.14 Kharagpur I Barkola 31.6 6.942 6.0 113.9 264.7 Khelar 32.0 7.216 5.9 101.0 196.5 Madpur 31.5 7.058 6.7 74.8 163.4 22 22.05.14,23.05.14 Kharagpur II Chak 30.9 6.953 6.4 84.5 168.7 makrampur Saraibazar 29.9 8.241 6.7 128.2 243.5 23 19.09.14 Dantan I Khatnagar 30.5 7.953 6.3 142.0 275.9 Khakurda 28.7 7.207 6.1 161.5 219.7 24 20.0914 Dantan II Lalat 29.4 7.643 6.0 150.1 301.8 25 21.09.14 Mohonpur Mohonpur 28.9 8.062 7.1 126.4 243.5 Kuspata 30.4 6.594 5.9 101.3 212.0 26 24.09.14 Ghatal Gadighat 30.9 7.370 5.7 99.1 200.3 Jhalka 30.1 7.285 7.0 135.6 280.4 27 25.09.14 Daspur I Daspur 30.5 7.245 6.4 123.4 254.2 Balipota 30.4 6.857 6.1 106.8 210.5 28 26.09.14 Daspur II Rajnagar 30.1 7.672 6.0 129.1 265.9 Karnagarh 30.8 7.350 6.5 165.2 303.5 29 27.09.14 Salboni 31.3 7.273 6.7 179.7 349.9

~ 1429 ~ Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies

8. References 1. Rao NV Subba. Handbook of freshwater molluscs of India. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, 1989: 289. 2. Bouchet P. Extinction and preservation of species in tropical world. What future for Molluscs? American Malacologists, 1991; 20:20-24. 3. Boss KJ. Critical estimate of the number of recent Mollusca. Occas Pap. Molluscs, 1973; 3:81-135. 4. van Bruggen AC. Biodiversity of Mollusca: Time for a new approach. Pages 1–19 in van Bruggen AC, Wells SM, Kemperman TCM, eds. Biodiversity and Conservation of the Mollusca. Oegstgeest-Leiden (The Netherlands): Backhuys, 1995. 5. Seddon BM. Molluscan diversity and impact of large dams. Prepared for thematic review II.1: Dams, ecosystem functions and environmental restoration. IUCN Report, 2000. 6. Supian Z, Ikhwanuddin AM. Population dynamics of fresh water molluscs (Gastropod: Melanoides tuberculata) in Crocker Range Park, Sabah. ASEAN Review of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation (ARBEC), 2002. 7. Rao Subba NV, Dey A. Freshwater Molluscs of India. Zoological Survey of India. Calcutta, 1989, 225-232. 8. Garcia-Cubas A. Sistematica y distribucion de los micromoluscos recientes de la Laguna de Terminos, Campeche, Maxico. Boletin de La Instituto de Geologia, Universidad Nacional Autonomo de Maxico, 1963; 67:1-55. 9. Baby RL, Hasan I, Kabir KA, Naser MN. Nutrient analysis of some commercially important mollusks of Bangladesh. Journal of Scientific Research, 2010; 2(2):390-396. 10. Chakraborty SK, Choudhury A. Community organisation of macrobenthic molluscs of Sagar Island, Sundarbans, India Indian Biologist. 1993; 25(1):33-37. 11. Khalua RK, Chakravarty G, Chakraborty SK. Annotated list of mollusks from the coastal tract of Midnapur District, West Bangal, India. J mar. boil. India. 2003; 45(2):245-249. 12. Khalua RK, Chakravorty G, Chakraborty SK. Community Structure of macrobenthic molluscs of three contrasting intertidal belts of Midnapore Coastal belt, West Bengal. Zoological Research in Human Welfare. 2008; 6:47-55. 13. Khalua RK, Tripathy S, Paul B, Bairy D. Seasonal Variation of Carbohydrate, Protein and Lipid of Common Freshwater Edible Gastropod (Bellamya bengalensis) of Medinipur District, West Bengal. Research Journal of Biology. 2014; 2:49-52. 14. Sorensen T. A method of stabilishing groups of equivalent amplitude in plant sociology based on the similarity of species content and its application to analysis vegetation of Danish Commons. Biol. Skr. 1948; 5:1-34. 15. Chandra K. Current Status of Freshwater Faunal Diversity in India, (Published by the Director, Zool. Surv. India, Kolkata), 2017, 1-624 16. Kjeldahl J. Neue Methode zur Bestimmung des Stickstoffs in organischen Körpern" (New method for the determination of nitrogen in organic substances), Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie. 1883; 22(1):366-383.

~ 1430 ~