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Proceedings of the XXXVI International Congress of Physiological Sciences (IUPS2009) Function of Life: Elements and Integration

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Proceedings of the XXXVI International Congress of Physiological Sciences (IUPS2009) Function of Life: Elements and Integration Volume 59 · Supplement 1 · 2009 Volume 59 · Supplement 1 · 2009 The XXXVI International Congress of Volume 59 · Supplement 59 Volume 1 · 2009 · pp 1–XX Physiological Sciences (IUPS2009) International Scientific Program Committees (ISPC) ISPC Chair Yoshihisa Kurachi Vice Chair Ole Petersen ISPC from IUPS Council Akimichi Kaneko (IUPS President) Irene Schulz (IUPS Vice President) Pierre Magistretti (IUPS Vice President) Malcolm Gordon (IUPS Treasurer) ISPC IUPS2009 Members and Associated Members Proceedings of the XXXVI International Congress of Physiological Sciences (IUPS2009) Commission I Locomotion Commission VII Comparative Physiology: Hans Hoppeler, Masato Konishi, Hiroshi Nose Evolution, Adaptation & Environment Function of Life: Elements and Integration Commission II Circulation/Respiration Malcolm Gordon, Ken-ichi Honma, July 27–August 1, 2009, Kyoto, Japan Yung Earm, Makoto Suematsu, Itsuo Kodama Kazuyuki Kanosue Commission III Endocrine, Reproduction & Commission VIII Genomics & Biodiversity Development David Cook, Hideyuki Okano, Gozoh Tsujimoto Caroline McMillen, Yasuo Sakuma, Toshihiko Yada Commission IX Others Commission IV Neurobiology Ann Sefton, Peter Hunter, Osamu Matsuo, Quentin Pittman, Harunori Ohmori, Fumihiko Kajiya, Tadashi Isa, Tadaharu Tsumoto, Megumu Yoshimura Jun Tanji Commission V Secretion & Absorption Local Executives Irene Schulz, Miyako Takaki, Yoshikatsu Kanai Yasuo Mori, Ryuji Inoue Commission VI Molecular & Cellular Biology Cecilia Hidalgo, Yoshihiro Kubo, Katsuhiko Mikoshiba, Masahiro Sokabe, Yukiko Gotoh Proceedings of the XXXVI International Congress of Physiological Sciences (IUPS2009) Function of Life: Elements and Integration July 27–August 1, 2009, Kyoto, Japan Hosted by the Physiological Society of Japan (PSJ) and the Science Council of Japan Organizing Committee Honorary Presidents: The Late Setsuro Ebashi Masao Ito Members: Toshinori Hongo Advisory Board: Ken-ichi Honma Akimichi Kaneko Katsumasa Kawahara President: Yoshio Maruyama Yasushi Miyashita Osamu Matsuo Katsuhiko Mikoshiba Vice Presidents: Harunori Ohmori Yoshihisa Kurachi (ISPC Chair) Hideyuki Okano Satoshi Kurihara (Treasurer) Taketoshi Ono Yasunobu Okada (Secretary) Tadaharu Tsumoto Proceedings of the 86th Annual Meeting of the Physiological Society of Japan President: Yoshinori Marunaka IUPS2009 Pledged support for IUPS2009: In addition to The Physiological Society of Japan, the following sources provide support for IUPS2009. Assembly for Myocardial Physiology Biophysical Society of Japan The Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Infomatics, Osaka University Genomic Drug Discovery Forum Global COE Program "An in silico medicine-oriented worldwide open platform, Osaka University" Global COE Program "Education and Research Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Keio University" Global COE Program "Formation of a strategic base for biodiversity and evolutionary research: from genome to ecosystem, Kyoto University" Grant-in-Aid for Creative Scientific Research, "Function and regulatory system of water transporting aquaporin channels" Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Area, "Cell signaling" Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Area, "Cellular sensor" Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Area, "G-protein signal" Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Area, "Mechanisms of sex differentiation" Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Area, "Transportsome on biomembrane systems: its molecular assembly and physiological function" ICORP/SORST Cell Mechanosensing Project International Academy of Cardiovascular Sciences, Japan Section International Cardiothoracic & Vascular Anesthesia Academy International Conference on Control and Disease of Sodium Dependent Transportation Proteins and Ion Channels (ICSDT) Japan Neuroendocrine Society The Japan Neuroscience Society Japan Society for Adaptation Medicine Japan Society for Cell Biology Japan Society of Pain Clinicians Japan Society of Smooth Muscle Research The Japanese Association of Anatomists Japanese Association for Study of Pain The Japanese Circulation Society Japanese College of Angiology The Japanese Pharmacological Society Japanese Society for Chronobiology Japanese Society for Behavioral Neuroendocrinology Japanese Society for Microcirculation Japanese Society of Aerospace and Environmental Medicine Japanese Society of Biometeorology Japanese Society of Clinical Neurophysiology Japanese Society of Clinical Physiology The Japanese Society of Electrocardiology The Japanese Society of Lymphology Japanese Society of Nephrology Japanese Society of Pathophysiology Japanese Society of Physical Fitness & Sports Medicine The Japanese Society of Sleep Research The Journal of Physiology The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan Credits The societies listed below will provide medical credentials to their members upon their participation in IUPS2009. Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology Japan Society of Pain Clinicians Japan Society of Ryodoraku Medicine The Japanese Circulation Society Japanese Society of Anesthesiologists The Japanese Society of Child Neurology Japanese Society of Clinical Neurophysiology Japanese Society of Nephrology Japanese Society of Neurology IUPS2009 2 Wallace Fenn Lecture BIOPHYSICAL DISSECTION OF NEUROTRANSMITTER RELEASE Erwin Neher Named Lectures Department of Membrane Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Germany The ‘Calyx of Held', a glutamatergic presynaptic terminal in the auditory pathway is large enough that quantitative biophysical techniques, such as voltage clamp, Ca++ fluorimetry and Ca++ uncaging can be applied. Using these experimental tools, we have studied the role of Ca++ and other second messengers in neurotransmitter release and short-term synaptic plasticity (see E. Neher and T. Sakaba, 2008, Neuron 59, 861 for review). We found that the ++ concentration of free calcium ([Ca ]i) has at least three roles i) it triggers neurotransmitter release in a highly cooperative fashion ii) it accelerates linearly the recruitment of new releasable synaptic vesicles during ongoing stimulation and iii) it mediates short-term facilitation. Recruitment of vesicles is rate-limiting for neurotransmitter release during sustained high-frequency activity. Therefore, the acceleration of this process by Ca++ has a very important modulatory role. Surprisingly we found that this process is not limited by the availability of vesicles or the assembly of a molecular release machinery. Rather, new vesicles rapidly enter a state in which they can be released by caged Ca++. Another slower step is required to bring them near Ca++ channels, such that they may also be released by short action potentials. IUPS President's Lecture PROTON-MEDIATED FEEDBACK FROM HORIZONTAL CELLS TO CONES IN THE RETINA: A MECHANISM OF RECEPTIVE FIELD SURROUND FORMATION Akimichi Kaneko School of Health Science, Kio University, Japan Feedback from horizontal cells (HCs) to cone photoreceptors plays a key role in the center-surround receptive field organization of retinal cells. In cone photoreceptors of the newt retinal slices the voltage-dependent calcium current (ICa) was enhanced by surround illumination. Enrichment of the pH buffering capacity of the extracellular solution increased cone ICa, and blocked any additional increase by surround illumination. Hyperpolarization of HCs by CNQX augmented cone ICa, whereas depolarization of HCs by kainate suppressed cone ICa. From these results, we propose that pH changes in the synaptic clefts, caused by the membrane voltage change of HCs, mediate the feedback from HCs to cone photoreceptors. When HCs, isolated from the goldfish retina, were depolarized by kainate or high-K+ medium, the pH of the immediate external surface (pHs) of HCs was lowered. The pH change was suppressed by 400 nM bafilomycin A1, an inhibitor of vacuolar type +H pump (V-ATPase). The V-ATPase was immunocytochemically identified on the plasma membrane of dissociated HCs. These results confirm that protons are released from HCs and caused the pH change around the cone terminals. [Supported by JSPS Grants.] IUPS 2009 July 27 - August 1, 2009 in Kyoto Named Lectures T. P. Feng Lecture THE COMPUTATIONAL LOGIC OF NETWORKS IN MOTION, FROM ION CHANNELS TO BEHAVIOUR Sten E Grillner Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden In all vertebrates from primates including man to fish and lamprey, the basic neuronal organization controlling patterns of motor behaviour such as locomotion, breathing, and posture are organized in a similar or identical way. These networks form a motor infrastructure used to initiate all the movements that each species can perform. These networks in turn can be selected through subpopulations of cells in the basal ganglia, which play an important role for the selection of motor programs. The networks generating the locomotor movements are located in the spinal cord. They are responsible for the sequential activation of the different limb muscle in each locomotor cycle. The activity level is controlled by locomotor command centres in the brainstem, conserved throughout the vertebrate phylum. To elucidate the intrinsic function of these pattern generating networks and command systems we have developed the lamprey nervous system as an experimental model. We now understand the cellular bases of the brainstem spinal cord networks generating goal-directed locomotion and control of body orientation. The detailed synaptic interaction has been identified, as well as
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