On Environment Consciousness Connected to Lake Balaton

CLIME PROJECT register number: (details on the back cover)

QUESTIONNAIRE on environment consciousness connected to Lake Balaton

Participation is voluntary!

Place: District:

Questioned by: Controlled by:

Registered by: Controlled by:

Research theme leader: 2

This questionnaire is designed to measure the environment consciousness of the permanent residents above age16, who live on the shores of Lake Balaton. Answering it is voluntary and anonymous. When possible, fill in the questionnaire with words, if not, encircle the appropriate number. If it is possible, you can mark more answers. For the evaluation of the answers, please, answer a few personal questions.

PERSONAL QUESTIONS

I/1. The sex of the person asked: male 1 female 2

I/2. The age of the person asked:

I/3. The job of the person asked:

I/4. The highest qualification (schooling) of the person asked:

I/5. The marital status of the person asked: Married 1 married 2 Divorced 3 Widow 4 I/6. The citizenship of the person asked:

I/7. If you wish a feed-back on the evaluation of the questionnaire, put down here your availability (postal mail, e-mail, etc.), please: 3

QUESTIONS CONNECTED TO LAKE BALATON

How important is the quality of water to you?

Very important 1 Important 2 Less important 3 Not important at all 4 No answer 5

From your point of view, why is good water quality important?

Because, You depend on the lake existentially (ex. by hosting tourists, etc) 1 The lake provides you swimming, fishing and other pastime activities 2 You are concerned about the lake, which is a habitat for different living organisms and the 3 decreasing water quality would endanger biodiversity Decreasing water quality would mark the degradation of the lake, and so endanger the 4 landscape, an important aesthetic element of the region Other, please specify ……………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………. No answer 5

Are you generally satisfied with the quality of water?

Very satisfied 1 Satisfied 2 Not satisfied 3 Not satisfied at all 4 No answer 5 4

Connected to the environmental condition of the lake, what concerns you the most?

a.) The water is not transparent

The problem has not been experienced yet 1

The problem was experienced, specifically, the water was very non-transparent 2 moderately non-transparent 3 No answer 4

The cause of non-transparency is the wind, which sometimes stirs water up 5 is the greenness of the water body (due to algae) 6 is the brownish-yellowish colour (due to humic materials) 7 is the green mass that appears on the surface sometimes (algal bloom) 8 is that the surface of the water is frequently foamy (due to larval skins, detergents) 9 is the too much pondweed the water contains 10 you cannot decide 11

b.) The water smells

The problem was experienced, the water was very bad-smelling 2 The water was moderately smelling 3 No answer 4

c.) The water level is changeable

The problem was experienced, namely the level of water was too high, endangering 2 constructions very much the level of water was high, endangering 3 constructions less the level of water was high not endangering 4 constructions at all The level of water is very low, so that it limits boating, being on the beach, water sports 5 very much is low, it limits boating, being on the beach, water sports to a smaller 6 extent is low, but it does not limit boating, being on the beach, water sports 7 at all No answer 8 5 d.) Have you experienced that the global environmental changes (global warming, getting drier, acid rains, increased UVB radiation) have influenced the environmental conditions of the lake and/or the utilization of the lake in the future?

The problem was experienced , namely warming up 2 getting drier 3 acid rain 4 increased UVB radiation 5

You cannot decide 6

What is your opinion on the following things connected to the lake?

Very Appro- Less Not Don't No appropriate appro- appropri- know answer priate priate ate at all The accessibility of the coastline 1 2 3 4 5 6 The hygiene, infrastructure and 1 2 3 4 5 6 appearance (toilets, shower, dustbins, entrance system, lawn, flowers, etc.) of the beach Shipping, boating sailing, surfing, 1 2 3 4 5 6 etc.) facilities Fishing facilities 1 2 3 4 5 6 The general condition of the lake 1 2 3 4 5 6 shores: cleanness, tidiness

II/6. What is your opinion about he surroundings of the lake?

Very Appro- Less Not Does Does appropriate appro- appropri- not not priate priate ate at all know answer The extension and the functioning of 1 2 3 4 5 6 the selective waste collecting system The elimination of illegal waste 1 2 3 4 5 6 deposits Decrease in the polluting effect of 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 industrial activities Decrease in the polluting effect of 1 2 3 4 5 6 agricultural activities The system of collecting and treating 1 2 3 4 5 6 sewage The protection of the ecological 1 2 3 4 5 6 condition and water quality of the lake Individual responsibility in the 1 2 3 4 5 6 protection of the environment (habits, attitude) The level of environmental 1 2 3 4 5 6 education and information

What is your opinion about the general condition of the lake?

Very Appro- Less Not Does Does appropriate appro- appropri- not not priate priate ate at all know answer Appropriate for living organisms 1 2 3 4 5 6 Appropriate for human purposes 1 2 3 4 5 6 (bathing, swimming, fishing, water sports, boating, shipping, etc.)

In your opinion, how much do the different human activities influence the living organisms of the lake? They They They do You No influence it influence not do not answer very much it less influence it know at all Taking out water for drinking water 1 2 3 4 5 Removing water for irrigation 1 2 3 4 5 Illegal waste deposits close to the 1 2 3 4 5 shore The flowing of household sewage 1 2 3 4 5 into the lake The flowing of industrial sewage into 1 2 3 4 5 the lake Agricultural activity (using chemical 1 2 3 4 5 fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, live- stock farming) close/further to the lake Placing bait for fishing 1 2 3 4 5 7

Using chemicals against mosquitoes 1 2 3 4 5 Sun lotion from bathers 1 2 3 4 5 Waste carried in and produced on 1 2 3 4 5 boats (on hot summer days hundreds of boats with thousands of people live on the lake) Polluting by the streams (rivers) 1 2 3 4 5 flowing into the lake Using the water of inflowing streams 1 2 3 4 5 (rivers) for drinking water, irrigation, industrial activities, etc. Concreting the coastline 1 2 3 4 5 Shipping, using ferries, public 1 2 3 4 5 transportation on water Constructing boat landing stages, 1 2 3 4 5 piers through the reeds Introduction of native (indigenous) 1 2 3 4 5 fish (carp, pike-perch) into the lake Introduction of non-native 1 2 3 4 5 (extraneous) fish (eel, amur, busa) into the lake Other, please, specify: ………. 1 2 3 4 5 ………………………………. ……………………………….

Are you satisfied with information delivery on Lake Balaton (as a touristic object and living system)

Very satisfied Satisfied Less satisfied Not satisfied at all No answer 1 2 3 4 5

II/10.

Where do you obtain your information on the condition of the lake from?

generally frequently rarely never Radio 1 2 3 4 TV 1 2 3 4 Local newspaper 1 2 3 4 Regional dailies 1 2 3 4 National newspapers 1 2 3 4 Magazines, weekly/monthly papers on general topics 1 2 3 4 Scientific weekly or monthly magazines 1 2 3 4 Local informational leaflets 1 2 3 4 Civil organisations, their meetings, conferences, 1 2 3 4 8 publications Information from the local authorities 1 2 3 4 Neighbours, relatives, friends 1 2 3 4

Others, please specify …………………………………………………………………

II/11. Do you personally require to know more on the living world of the lake and on its condition?

Yes 1 No 2 No answer 3

If yes, in what form would you need the information?

Presentations of experts 1 Information booklets 2 Scientific programmes of the local and regional TV channels 3 Information posters 4 Exhibitions, displays 5 Others, please specify: …………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………………………..

II/12. Would you require that exhibitions should be organized to present the natural living world of the lake at places most frequently visited by tourists to inform not only tourists but also the permanent and temporary residents of the lake region?

Required Less required Not required at all No answer 1 2 3 4

II/13. Do you know any cases when the interests of the touristic utilization of the lake collide with the balance of the natural environment of the lake? (you can describe several such cases)

Yes, I know such cases 1 Specifically: …………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………….. No, I do not know such 2 cases II/14. 9

In your opinion, what are the measures that serve the best interests of the preservation of Lake Balaton as a touristic and living unit?

Sewage (household, industrial, agricultural) should be returned into the lake only after 1 being treated and cleaned Sewage should not be returned into the lake at all (even if it is treated and cleaned) 2 There should not be any industrial activity in the neighbourhood of the lake 3 There should not be any animal farming, and there should be only environment friendly 4 plant culturing in the area of the lake Elimination of the illegal waste deposits from the area of the lake 5 The introduction of selective waste collecting and centralized compost-making systems 6 in all the coastal settlements from around the lake All boats should be obliged to have a closed sewage tank (with the possibility of 7 changing them regularly) in order to prevent the entry of sewage into the lake More strict controlling of fishing 8 More „free” beach possibilities 9 The construction of more up-to-date and civilized beach facilities in addition to the 10 existing ones The up-dating of the existing beaches 11 The reduction of the number of the existing beaches 12 The building of new, modern piers in addition to the existing ones 13 The up-dating of the existing piers 14 The reduction of the number of the existing piers 15 The immediate elimination of the illegal piers and the restoration of the reeds 16 Maintaining the ban on motor boats 17 The protection of the reeds (regular cutting of it, the replantation of the reeds destroyed) 18 The restoration of the original coastline (elimination of the concrete, of illegal piers etc.) 19 Preventing the coastline from further constructions 20 Preventing the filling up of pond bays 21 More intensive environmental education and information 22 The activity of civil organisations dedicated to the lake 23 Others, please, specify: ………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………..

II/15. What financial resources should be used to cover the expenses of the protection and improvement of the conditions of lake Balaton?

Central state budget 1 The budget of the local authorities of the settlements from around the lake 2 The introduction of local ecotaxes for local usage only 3 Support given by sponsors (small local entrepreneurs, larger companies, multinational 4 firms, etc.) Grant support (national, international, EU support) 5 No answer 6 10

Other, please specify ……………………………………………………………………... ………….………………………………………………………………………………….

II/16. Would you contribute to the improving of the environmental conditions of Lake Balaton financially?

Yes, by a smaller amount at one occasion (500-1000Ft) 1 Yes, by a bigger amount at one occasion (5000-15000Ft) 2 Yes, by a smaller amount regularly (500 Ft or less/month) 3 Yes, by a bigger amount regularly (1000Ft or more/month) 4 Yes,……………………………………………….. 5 No, because the support is necessary, but from another source 6 No, because the support is not necessary at all 7 No answer 8

II/17. Do you have any other important ideas connected to the problems of the topic that have been neglected by the questionnaire? 11

Information on „Clime Project”

„ Clime” („Climate and Lake Impacts in Europe” by its full name) is an international research programme supported by the European Community contributing to the Key Action „Sustainable management and quality of water”. In the 3-year research project (January 2003-December 2005) 17 partners participate from 10 countries (Austria, England, Estonia, Finland, Ireland, Hungary, Germany, Sweden, Switzerland, USA). The central aim is to develop methods and models that can be used to follow the impacts of global climatic changes on lakes and catchments under current and future conditions, by examining several European lakes of the countries that participate in the project. The participating researchers are mainly climatologists and limnologists and also experts of economy, who try to assess the socio- economic impacts of the water quality changes and to evaluate management strategies. The research programme, by using a monitoring system, is going to measure the sensitivity of the lakes studied to warming and also to inform managers and policy makers, local end-users about the possible risk and predicted changes due to global warming in order to help them in conserving the environment and improve water quality. Balaton is one of the primary target sites among the 23 European lakes and it is studied by the limnologists of University of Veszprém, as one of the Hungarian partners of the project. One part-task is to inform about the results of the project not only scientists, but also water quality managers, users of the lake (economic units, residents, tourists), environmental groups and the general public thus performing environmental information and education . This questionnaire, which is designed for surveying environment sensitivity and awareness of people directly connected to the lake, is to help fulfil the task above. More information on the results of „Clime” is available on the website of the project: http://www.water.hut.fi/clime