THE RESULT OF SURVEY OF DRUG ABUSE AND ILLICIT TRAFFICKING AMONG PUPILS AND STUDENTS IN 18 PROVINCES IN 2016
1. Preface.
a. Number and Trend of Drug Abuse in the World. Since 2006 to 2013, drug prevalence in the world has been increasing (UNODC,2015). Despites of the flat chart, the number in total is relatively high. The drug prevalence in the world is estimated of around 4.9% or 208 million of drug users in 2006. The number then decreased in 2008 and 2009 into 4.6% and 4.8%. It increased again into 5.2% in 2011 and remained stable in 2013. It is estimated that there are 167 to 315 million of drug users from the world total population in the age group betwwen 15 to 64 years old using drug at least once in a year in 2013 (UNODC, 2015).
Graphic 0.1 Global trends in the estimated prevalence of drug use and in the estimated number of drug users, 2006-2013
In the last five years, the use of ecstasy decreased about 15% worldwide, while the use of amphetamine reportedly remained stable. However, the use of methamphetamine has been increasing (158%) in the last five years (UNODC,2015). Besides that, several types of synthetic drug emerged and developed in drug trafficking. Furthermore, more countries are reporting every year. In 2014, new psychoactive substances (NPS) were reported in over 90 countries. The number of countries reporting NPS increases about 1.5 times than in 2009. These synthetic drugs emerge as ‘legal highs’ and replace stimulant such as cocaine and ecstasy.
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The dealers sell their synthetic drugs through internet and particular shop (UNODC, 2015). The use of marijuana also increases in most countries. Marijuana users are the largest users demanding treatment. The use of ATS also increases globally since ATS is also used to overcome opiate use disorder (UNODC, 2015).
b. Drug Use Among Pupils and Students The result research on drug among students aged 17 to 18 in Sweden and Italy shows that the number of drug use is about 15% and 43%¹. Meanwhile, the research in England (2006) among students aged 11 to 15 shows that 17% respondents ever used drug². The research in Canada in 2007 among students aged under 18 year old shows that 25.6% respondents ever used drugs³. In USA, the prevalence trend of marijuana abuse among teenagers since 2002 to 20134 in students of grade 12 and grade 10 was higher than general population above 12 years old. In 2013, the prevalence among students of grade 10 reached 29.8% and of the grade 12 was about 36.4%. Meanwhile, the prevalence among general population was 12.6%. Thus, the prevalence in a year among grade 10 and 12 students is three times higher than marijuana prevalence general population (UNODC,2015). In Pakistan, the trend of drug abuse occurred in 2009. It was estimated that there were 500 thousand heroin users and 125 thousand injected drug users in Pakistan. It means that there was a increase of prevalence of about 7% each year or it was predicted that one out of ten students in Pakistan was an addict5. Compared to other countries, the number of drug prevalence among teenagers in Indonesia tended to decrease from 2006 to 2011. Despite of that, the result of the first and the second research on drug abuse and trafficking among pupils/students in Indonesia by Puslitkes UI and BNN showed the increase of prevalence from 5.8% in 2003 to 8.3% in 2006. However, the result of research in 2009 showed that the number of drug abuse was relatively stable compared to in 2006, both for ever used (from 8.3% to 7.5%) and current use (from 5.3% to 4.7%). The number of drug abuse in 2009 and 2011 decreased in all study locations, both in municipal or in regency or in both two locations6 (BNN RI-PPKUI, 2011). The information in detail is shown below.
1 Andersson, et al. (Swedia). Alcohol and Drug Use Among European 17–18 Year Old Students. Data from the ESPAD Project; 2003 2 Fuller et al. (england). National report 2007 UK;2006 3 Addlaf&Paglia-boak (Canada). Drug use among Ontariostudents 1977-2007; 2007 4 Prevalenspenggunaan ganja tersebutsempatmengalamipenurunanantaratahun 2006 dan 2008 lalumeningkatlagiketitiksemula. 5 http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=184979 diunduh 14 Juli 2009 6 BNN dan Puslitkes UI, 2009. Survei Perkembangan Penyalahgunaan dan Peredaran Gelap Narkoba pada Kelompok Pelajar di Indonesia.
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Table 0.1 Number of Ever, Past Year Past Month Drug Users by Location, Status and Education
Junior Senior High Senior Senior High College Number School School 2006 2009 2011 2006 2009 2011 2006 2009 2011 2006 2009 2011 Municipal and - 18704 16620 - 19136 15970 - 7313 6073 - 45153 38663 regency (N)
Ever use 5.4 5.9 2.6 8.9 8.4 4.7 12.1 11.3 7.7 8.1 7.8 4.3
Current 4.0 3.7 2.0 6.0 5.8 3.3 6.2 6.6 4.5 5.2 5.1 2.9 use Past 2.6 1.3 1.8 3.5 3.0 2.8 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.1 2.3 2.5 month use
Source: BNN RI-PPKUI, 2011.
The pattern of drug abuse on three surveys shows a similarity in which the number of male drug abusers are higher. The abuse tends to be higher in municipal than in regency. Drug abuse is also more risky in private school. The number of drug abuse increases when the level of the school is higher and the respondents grow older. Likewise, the number of drug abuse based on addiction stages in the three surveys decreased especially in the category of experimental and regular use, except in the category of addicts in which the number increases mainly in 2011.
The finding of the three surveys shows that marijuana is the most consumed drug by its user within a year. Besides marijuana, users also consume inhaled glue (9%), dextro (6%), pain killer drug (6%), and nipam (5%). The pattern of first used drug is the same with type of drug used in the past year. Based on BNN’s survey among pupils and students in 2011, it was found that smoking, drinking alcohol and premarital sex contributed in the drug abuse. That survey showed that drug abusers among pupils/ students with smoking habit were three to four times in number. The number of pupils and students abuser with drinking habit was eight to nine times higher. Meanwhile, pupils and students abuser may conduct premarital sexual 4 or 7 times more often.
c. The Needs of this Study
Drug abuse among pupils and students becomes an essential study area in a research due to its implication on early dependency in their future (Atwoli, 2012)7.
7 Atwoli L, Mungla PA, Ndung’u MN, Kinoti KC, Ogot EM. 2011. Prevalence of substance use among college students in Eldoret, westn Kenyai. BMC Psychiatry 11:34. http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-244X-11-34.pdf
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Despite that the trend of drug abuse in Indonesia among students since 2006 to 2011 tended to decrease, but the impact and loss were huge and involved many aspects of nation’s future. Regarding the huge impact of drug abuse, as a part of drug prevalence monitoring, data updating, and drug prevention program effectivity, BNN in cooperation with Health Research Center of Universitas Indonesia held the survey among students in 2016.
d. Objective of Study
Generally, this research is amimed at obtaining the number of drug abuse prevalence among pupils and students in 2016 and the tendency among pupils and students in Indonesia.
Particulary, the objectives are as follow: 1) To find out the estimation of drug abuser prevalence among pupils and students by period and category of use. 2) To figure out the drug abuse among pupils and students by historical use, methods of use and drug trafficking pattern. 3) To find out the affecting factors to drug abuse among pupils and students. 4) To figure out the risky habit (smoking, drinking alcohol, sexual intercourse) upon drug abuse amog pupils and students. 5) To identify the level of knowledge on drug as well as the attitude on the danger of drug abuse among pupils and students. 6) To figure out the intervention of P4GN by governmental and private institution toward pupils and students 7) To find out trend of drug abuse, type of abused drug, pattern of abuse, knowledge about drug and response to drug dangers from 2006, 2009, 2011 and 2016 among pupils and students.
2. Methodology
This reserach uses ross sectional as its study design which is aimed to measure particular variable in one particular spot by questioning respondent’s history or experience at some events related to the goal of the research. The approaches are quantitave and qualitative methods.
a. Quantitave Method, held to collect data among pupils and students at selected school or college. Data is collected through structured questionnaire with list of questions. Respondents are required to fulfill the questionnaire independently altogether in particular place provided under guidance of the officers.
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b. Qualitative Method, held to collect data of selected students and stakeholders to support the qualitative data adequacy. The qualitative approach is conducted through observation, in depth interview, and focus group discussion with respondents having the capacity to meet the research need. Capacity in this case refers to a respondent who comprehends and masters the information on situation, condition or life where the reseaarch took place.
a. Study Location The survey is conducted in 18 provinces by selecting 2 until 4 municipals or regencies in each province. Four municipals or regencies in Java and Bali are selected randomly. In provinces outside Java except Papua, three municipals or regencies are selected in each province. In papua, only two municipals or regencies are selected in which one is the capital of province and the rest is located outside the capital of province. Eleven provinces are given high priority as they are the locations of BNN intervention program. They are DKI Jakarta, North Sumatera, East Kalimantan, Riau Islands, North Sulawesi, West Java, Maluku, South Sulawesi, DI Yogyakarta, East Java, and Bali. While the other seven provinces are selected randomly. The selection of municipal or regency in the selected province uses the method of probability proportional to size (PPS) based on the data of the number students of Senior Senior High School. As higher as the number of population of Senior Senior High School students in municipal or regency, so the probability of that municipal or regency to select are getting bigger. In detail, the selected municipal or regency can be seen in the table below. In addition, before applying PPS, the municipal or regency that is going to be selected randomly should be able to be accessed through land transportation, not through air or sea transportation, within 5 hours at the longest from the capital city of the province due to the budget limitation. If the locations do not match this criteria, then these municipals or regencies should be removed before conducting a selection through PPS. Table 2.1 The Selected Municipal or Regency in Each Province, 2016
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b. Quantitative Method
Sample Size
Calculation on the number of sample applying Lameshow formula :
z 2 P 1( P) n 2/1 xdeff d 2
P = Estimation of student abuser proportion in 2011 d = Absolute deviation z = Value z to the degree of trust 1-a/2 on CL95%
Referring to the above formula, the used assumption reffers to the result of the study on respondents who ever use drug in 2011 in each level : Junior Senior High School (P=2,6%; d=2%; z=1,96; deff=2); Senior Senior High School (P=4,7%; d=2,5%; z=1,96; deff=2); (P=7,7%; d=3%; z=1,96; deff=2). Based on the data assumption, the number of sample are 535 respondents in Junior Senior High School, 606 repondents in Senior Senior High School, and 667 respondents in college. The total respondents are 1,808 per province. The total respondents in 18 provinces are 32,547.
Sample-Taking Technique
The sample is taken gradually, starting from the province to municipal or regency, school, and class. The brief explanation is as follows: There are representations of the Junior Senior High School, Senior Senior High School and colleger in every municipal or regency. Then, the category of school is divided into three status namely state, private and religion school. The next stage is selecting two up to four schools of each type of school sttaus by applying PPS methods in central level based on the data of Ministry of Education and Culture in term of state and private Junior Senior High School and Senior Senior High School, while the data of religion school at the same level based on the data of Ministry of Religious affairs. Meanwhile, the data of college is obtained from Ministry of Research and Technology. Thus, field officers have brought the list of selected school when they arrived in the location of study. They would then confirmed the data and checked the location, whether the school still existed or not. If the selected school is no longer open or does not exist anymore, it should replaced by be comitted by other schools already prepared in the sample list. The selection of class and student in school level is conducted randomly.
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Table 0.2. Large distribution of the sample per province and all provinces by location and school type
Per Province All Provinces Number of Number of Number Number Total Total Classes Per Respon- of of School Sample School Location type School dents Sample Java-Bali Junior Senior High School 24 2 11 528 3,168 144 Senior Senior High School 24 2 13 624 3,744 144 College 24 2 14 672 4,032 144 Outside Junior Senior High School Java-Bali 27 2 11 594 6,534 297 Senior Senior High School 27 2 13 702 7,722 297 College 18 3 14 756 8,316 198 West Junior Senior High School Papua 24 2 11 528 528 24 Senior Senior High School 24 2 13 624 624 24 College 12 4 14 672 672 12 Total 204 5,700 35,340 1,284
In selected senior and Junior Senior High School, the class is selected randomly by collecting the list on the number of class and student in each grade. The class is then put in sequence and the student in each class is calculated cumulatively. Use the random table to select the class location. Not all the pupils in the selected class are required to fill the questionaire. Only randomly selected pupils by sytemic random sampling based on absence order are asked to fill the questionaire. The sample taking technique in college is different with the tecchnique in Junior and Senior Senior High School. In selected college, faculty and number of students are listed. Then, the number of students per faculty are collected cumulatively. Two faculties are chosem randomly by the random table. In each selected faculty (for example faculty of psychology and faculty of culture), list the subject of the faculty at least in the second year. Then, pick the students randomly to be involved in the survey. It is not allowed to choose more than 14 students in one subject. If the number of students exceeds the limit, they are selected randomly. However, if the students are less than 14, select all students to be respondents and the rest of sample loss can be taken from the other subject or other faculty. To harmonize the perception among the involved team, the staged training is urgently needed. First is the training for field coordinator in center level. Second is the training in regional level by field coordinator to train the enumerator. The training runs at least three days including simulation and field practice. The field activity in regional level is facilitated by local partner with speakers from BNNP.
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c. Qualitative Method Qualitative data selection of this survey can be conducted through in-depth interview and focus group discussion (FGD) with the stakeholders. The interview is targeted to BNNP, Regional Office of Education in provincial level , pupils and school committee. The FGD is only conducted among students of Junior Senior High School, Senior Senior High School and college. The semi structured interview is conducted to BNNK, Regional Office of Eduacation in municipal or regency, and school manager.
Table 0.3. Number and Type of Qualitative Informant INFORMANT/PARTICIPANT NUMBER OF INFORMANT/PARTICIPANT METHOD BNNP 18 In depth interview BNNK 11 Semi structured Provincial Office of Eduation 18 In depth interview Regional Office of Education 11 Semi structured 11 x 3 (junior and Senior Senior High School, School manager Semi structured and college) 11 x 3 (junior and Senior Senior High School, Pupils In depth interview and college) 11 ( 5 Junior Senior High Schoo , 6 Senior School comittee In depth interview Senior High School) 4 group of FGD in each Junior Senior High Focus group Pupils School, Senior Senior High School and college discussion
The qualitative study is not applied in all locations. It is selected purposively. This method is focussed on the region in which BNN implement the intervention program as conducted in 11 provinces. The guidelines of in depth interview, FGD and structured interview have been prepared by the researchers. The FGD in the group of Junior Senior High School is comitted in 4 provinces in the capital of province, such as Jakarta, North Sumatera, East Kalimantan and Maluku. The participants of the group consist of state, private and religion school. The FGD among the group of students of college is conducted in three provinces, as follow : Jakarta, South Sulawesi, and Yogyakarta. The participants are coming from various public, private and religious university.
d. Training To generate similar perception and understanding toward subject of questionaire in collecting data, training for field coordinators and enumerators id held. This training also involves the team of Puslitdatin BNN to enable the team to understand well the expected data. The training is conducted in two stages. First is field coordinator training in central level. Second is training for enumerator in provincial level. The training is the most important phase before collecting data. The objectives of the research are to harmonize the perception of all researchers from Puslitkes UI with the coordinator and officers field (field coordinator assistant and enumerator) and to give the understanding toward several subject needed to collect data. Considering the importance of the training, all field coordinator and field team are obligated to join and complete the training.
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The training for field coordinator is conducted for three days under guidance of the team Puslitke UI and Puslitdatin BNN. The level of understanding of the field coordinator upon the subject would be examined by simulation. Whenever they have not mastered the subject, the researchers are going to explain in detail until the coordinators get the point of the subject. This is very important as they will continue to deliver the training to the team in the field.
3. Characteristics of School and Respondent.
a. School and Respondents Coverage.
The improvement of the methods of research emerged in the survey 2016 by taking more widespread sample. It is indicated larger number of selected locations and schools. For example, in 2011, two municipals or regencies were taken. In 2016, , wo up to four municipasl or regencies were taken. Likewise the number of schools selected in each municipal or regency in 2016 (1168 schools) is doubled than the number of schools in 2011 (607 schools). The biggest increasing proportion is in the number of college, from 96 to 1168 colleges.
Graphic 3.1. Distribution on the number of school and respondent by school level, year 2011-2016
Distribution on the number of school Distribution on the number of respondents
2011 2016 2011 2016
1.400 45.000 1.168 38.663 1.200 40.000 33.135 35.000 1.000 30.000 800 607 25.000 600 462 456 20.000 16.621 15.969 15.000 11.544 11.941 400 254 257 250 9.650 10.000 6.073 200 96 5.000 - - SLTP SLTA PT Jumlah Junior High Senior High Univ Total JuniorSLTP High Senior SLTA High UnivPT JumlahTotal School School School School
The number of respondents in 2016 were 33,135 widely spread in 18 provinces in Indonesia. The number of respondents is much lesser than the reported respondents in 2011 of around 36,663. The biggest additional respondents are from college which is doubled from the survey in 2011. Meanwhile, in Junior and Senior Senior High School level, the number of respondents is lesser than the previous survey. Thus, it is concluded that there has been an improvement in methodology with wide spread sample taking for a better representation of the sample.
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b. School Characteristics Graphic 3.2 The Proportion of Extracurricular Activity at School
3% There are 1168 surveyed 17% schools in 18 provinces in tidakNone ada which most of them are state school (42%), especially in 40% <2 Junior and Senior Senior High School level. More than half 2--3 of the school (62%) have air- conditioned rooms, especially >5 in colloge level. Most schools have B acreditation. Among 41% the schools, 3% of them have no such extracurricular activity while the rest have 2 to 3 extracurricular activities.
c. Respondents Characteristic. Dealing with respondents characteristic, we are going to select based on the themes below : 1) Sex, Age and School Status
Graphic 3.3. Respondent distribution In general, the group characteristic on by sex, age, location and the survey are relatively similar in all school status the surveys. The female proportion is higher and mostly aged 15 to 19. More 70 2006 2009 2011 2016 than half respondents are located in 60 regency (53%), while in 2011 they are mostly in municipal (52%). Those who 50 are aged less than 15 years are lower in 40 proportion in 2016 than in 2011. This pattern is in contrary with the group of 30 aged 20, which has bigger proportion in
20 2016. The respondents school status is mostly 10 private (42%), while the previous survey
0 has more state school (45%). The Man Women < 15 15-19 ≥ 20 Cities Kab Negeri Swasta Agama proportion of the public school is lower Years Years Years location School sex age status both in the level of junior and Senior Senior High School. This can be ilustrated by data revealing the public school involved in survey are 51% in 2011 to 36% in 2016 for Junior Senior High School. While, the percentage of Senior Senior High School from 49% to 38%. But, the religious school show its different proportion which indicate the increasing from 11% in 2011 to 24% in 2016.
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2) Place of Stay, Status of stay, and Period of stay The respondents are mainly staying with their parents. The proportion of respondents staying with parents decreases from 73% (2011) to 62% (2016). Respondents styaing at others’house, rented house/boarding house and dormitory are increasing. It indicates that respondents with less parental control will be more exposed with its peer group. The higher the level of education, the fewer of them stay with the parents. In Junior Senior High School, students staying out of their parents reach 21%. In college, students staying out of their parents reach (54%). This fact indicates the inbalance of school provided. As higher the level of education, there is no option but to going to school loctaed far away from their home and to live separately from their parents. More than a quarter of respondents stay in the location in period of less than 5 years, mainly the student of college (49%).
3) Marital Status and Parent Health Status The trend of divorce among the society tends to increase from 8% in 2011 to 11% in 2016. The proportion of divorced parent based on their children level of school is relatively same. But the biggest proportion is at the parents d whose children are student of the college.
The respondents’ parents are mainly healthy. The proportion of mother’s health status is higher (82%) than their father’s (78%) in two surveys. More than three-quarters respondents state that their fathers are healthy. This proportion is equal in two surveys. While the proportion of mortality rate of father (8%) is higher than mother (3%). There is trend of parental loss proportion from 2011 to 2016, both father and mother.
4) Parent’s Education and Occupation Mothers’ educational background is lower than the fathers’ educational background which can be seen from the proportion of mothers’ low education9. Mothers (30%) with lower level of education are more in number than fathers (27%). One out of four respondents’ father has low background of education (27%) in 2016. This proportion increase than 2011 (23%). While in group of mothers the proportion is different. The mothers whose lower level of education at the present time (30%) are lesser than 2011 (35%). Thus, there is an awareness to give access of education for women.
9 Pendidikan rendah yaitu tidak sekolah, tidak dan atau tamat SD; Pendidikan menengah adalah tamat SMP; Pendidikan Tinggi adalah tamat SMA keatas
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Father’s occupations are mostly merchant or enterpreneur (26%), farmer (25%), private employee (15%), and civil sevant (11%). Meanwhile, the rest (3 %) is unemployed. The pattern of occupational background on the group of father is slightly different from in 2011 survey. At that survey, the top two are the merchants, farmers and the civils servant. While on group of mothers, more than the half are house wives (53%). The rest are working as the merchant (14%), farmers (12%) and civil servant (9%). The pattern of profession on ther group of mother is the same to the survey in 2011. In addition, most of the student of college respondents have their parents who are actively working to suffice their children’s cost of education.
5) Class Average Mark, Not Passing The Grade and Activities in and out side School The respondents involved in this year’s survey stated that 37% of them are above the class average especially in the Junior and Senior Senior High School. However, one out of twenty respondents stated to be under the class average (5%). Furthermore, one out of ten respondents stated that they failed to pass the grade when they were in Junior Senior High School. Around 15% students participated activities at school while 12% other involved in activities outside school. There are 60% students joining both activities. The rest 13% did not join both at all. The respondents joing the school activity mostly in the sport or martial art (39%), boy scout or youth red cross (38%) and spirituality (25%) in 2016. Meanwhile, students are not keen on joining too much on student’s nature lovers and scientific activity. The pattern is relatively similar to the survey in 2011. In extracurricular activity, there is a shifting interest from the religious activity from 12% (2011) to 36% (2016). This kind activity has attracted student’s interest. Sport or martial art is in the second place (33%) followed by study course (28%) and youth club (21%).
4. Number Of Drug Abuse. a. By Period Graphic 4.1. Drug Abuse Prevalence of 2006-2016 By Period
Drug abuse 10 prevalence is 8,1 7,8 8 measured by two periods, those who 6 5,2 5,1 4,3 are who ever used 3,8 4 2,9 drug in their 1,9 lifetime for even 2 once (ever used) 0 and those who use 2006 2009 2011 2016 drug in the last one Pernah Pakai Pakai Setahun Terakhir year of the survey (current users).
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The number of drug abuse prevalence is declining in the last ten years in term of the ever used and current users. The number of ever used users decreased from 8,4% (2006) to 3,8% (2016). This means, in 2006, there were 8 among 100 students who abused drug. Currently, there were only 4 students used drug (2016). The last decade has succeded in declining half of ever used students. The tendency of drug prevalence among the students is also influenced other group’s decline especially from group of household. The prevalence number in a year tends to decrease from 5.2% (2006) to 1.9% (2016). This reveal that persons using drug in a latest year or current users were 5 among 100 students. Nowadays, there were only two (2016). Thus, more than half total users using drug in a year can be reduced in a last decade. In 2016, of the ever used users (3.8%), about half of it remain consuming drug in a last year (1.9%). The number of ever used prevalence based on the study location in municipal or regency level in 2016 is relatively similar in term of the scale (8.1%). Since 2009 to 2016, the prevalence of ever used tends to increse in the municipal than regency. The pattern of the current user is also relatively the same. The thing to underline is on the decrease of the current users prevalence number in regency of the 4 surveys from 5.5% (2006) to 1.6% (2016). On the contrary, that decreasing trend did not occur in the municipal. Male tends to be more risky to use drug than female. The ratio of male and female who ever used drug is about 4 to 1. This means, among 4 males drug users, there is a female who ever uses drug. This kind of pattern did not shift in one last decade. This fact can be seen from the prevalence number showing that male is more risky than female. The number of ever used prevalence on male reached 13.7% while female at 3% (2006). In 2016, the prevalence number of male ever used was 6.4% and female ever used was 1.6%. Number of ever used prevalence on male tends to decrease from 13.7% (2006) to 6.4% (2016) in one last decade. It is similar to the current users. However, the trend of decline of ever used and current users prevalence number started to occur from 2009 to 2016. There is a trend that the higher education, the more risky them to drug so that the number of drug prevalence is getting higher in term of ever used and current user, except in 2016. Thus, the lowest number of prevalence is on Junior Senior High School, and the highest on college. But, in 2016, the number of prevalence in Senior Senior High School level is relatively similar to college. They who ever use of the Senior Senior High School and college are equal (4.3%), but on the current user group of the Senior Senior High School are higher (2.4%) than in the college (1.8%) in 2016.
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b. By Dependence Level The number of drug dependency level refers to drug abuse within last year (current users). This kind of level is divided into 4 categories as follow: experimental, regular, non injected drug addict, and injected drug addict. On the group of students, the biggest proportion is experimental drug users at range of 54% to 85% in one last decade. In 2016, the experimental user (85%) is higher in 4 surveys, while the lowest at 54% in 2006. Behind this, the biggest group is regular user, non injected drug user, and the lowest in the group of injected drug users. Experimental user of the Senior Senior High School (2016 and 2009), while in 2011, the biggest number on the college, and Junior Senior High School in 2006. Thereby, the biggest number of experimental user group can occur in all level of schools. Likewise, based on the sex, both of female and male group, the biggest proportion in on the experimental users. Male experimental users proportion is getting bigger. Likewise on female experimental users, but the proportion is more fluctuating rather than male. Based on municipal-regency, in 2016, the proportion of experimental drug user in municipal (88%) are more than in regency (83%). While in the survey of 2009 and 2011, the biggest proportion of experimental drug user is in regency. But, in the survey of 2006, the proportion of municipal and regency was equal. This data indicates that the proportion of experimental drug users in municipal is probably going higher in the future.
Graphic 4.2. The tendency of drug abuse Graphic 4.3. The proportion of drug abuse prevalence number based on based on dependence level, dependence level, 2006-2016 2006-2016
coba pakai teratur pakai canduNS candu suntik coba pakai teratur pakai 6,0 canduNS candu suntik 100% 5,0 90% 80% 4,0 70% 60% 3,0 50% 40% 2,0 30%
1,0 20% 10% 0,0 0% MLPLPLPLP LPLPLPLP 2006 2009 2011 2016 2006 2009 2011 2016
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c. By Province
The number of drug abuse prevalence is divided into ever used and current users. The number of ever used describes the scale of problem occuring in one region, while current users describe the scale of drug issues emerging at present time. Dealing with this, the currents users are used to analyze the tendency. Jakarta is the province predicated as highest number of current user drug among all provinces in the country. While in 2006, the province with top rank of current users was NTT. At that time, many users took plant named kecubung and also inhale glue. But currently, the number of current user prevalence has much decreased from 11,5% (2006) to 0,7% (2016). The prevalence rate in Jakarta also decreased from 7,1% (2016) to 3,6% (2016) even in 2009 was fluctuating.
Graphic 4.4. The number of ever used and current users by Province, 2016
pernah; DI Yogyakarta; 6,6
pernah; DKI Jakarta; 5,3 pernahpernah; Sumatera; Kalimantan Barat; Timur; 4,7 pernah4,7; pernahKalimantan; Sulawesi Utara Selatan; ; 4,5 pernah4,5 ; Sulawesi Utara; 4,2 pernah;pernah Jawa Barat; Jawapernah; 4,1 Timurpernah; Kep.; 4,1; RiauSumatera; 4,0 Selatan; 3,8 setahun; DKI Jakarta; 3,6 pernah; Papua Barat; 3,4 setahun; DI Yogyakarta; pernah; Sumatera Utara; 2,8 setahunsetahun; Kalimantan; Kalimantan pernah2,8 ; Jawapernah Tengah; Maluku; 2,8 ; 2,8 Utara; 2,6setahun; Sulawesi Utara; setahun; Sumatera setahun; SumateraTimur Barat; setahun2,5; ; Sulawesisetahun Selatan2,4 ; Jawa; Barat; 2,4 Selatan; 2,4 pernah; Bali; 2,4 2,2 setahun; Jawa Timur; 2,2 2,1 pernah; Aceh; 2,0 ever current setahun; Kep. Riau; 1,7setahunsetahun; Sumatera; Jawa Utara Tengah; ; 1,6 1,4 setahun; Maluku; 1,4 setahun; Papua Barat; 1,1 pernah; NTT; 1,2 setahun; Balisetahun; 0,8 ; NTT; 0,7 setahun; Aceh; 0,5 pernah setahun
In 2016, the top rank of ever used drug users is in Yogyakarta, followed by Jakarta, West Sumatra, and East Kalimantan. The lowest rate of ever used drug user is NTT and Aceh. Meanwhile, three provinces with highest rate of current users are Jakarta, Yogyakarta, and East Kalimantan. Looking at that graphic, the gap between ever used and current user rate of prevalence is on the users quitting their drug taking. Thus, many users stopped using drug in Yogyakarta.
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5. Drug Abuse History
a. Drug use for first time
Graphic 5.1. Tend Types of Drug Used For First Timet
7,0 6,6
6,0
5,3
5,0 4,7 4,7 4,5 4,5 4,2 4,1 4,1 4,0 4,0 3,8 3,6 3,4
3,0 2,8 2,8 2,8 2,8 2,6 2,5 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,2 2,2 2,1 2,0 2,0 1,7 1,6 1,4 1,4 1,1 1,2 1,0 0,8 0,7 0,5
0,0
pernah setahun
The mean of first time drug-taking is at 16 year old with lowest range at 10 years old and the highest at 27 years old in 2016. Two most emerging reasons to drug-taking are to have such experimental experience and to have fun both for male or female as described in the last two surveys. Type of drug mostly used is marijuana both on the group of experimental and regular user or addicts. Access to buy and low cost are reasons to take marijuana for the first time. At the first time, they take marijuana altogether with their peer who have already been drug abusers providing that marijuana. Inhaling glue is the most chosen in using drug for the first time in the group of stuedents as they have limited money and the glue is sold at shop or stall. The other type of abused drug is prescripted drug. It is easy to buy in drug store, such as tramadol, dextro, trihex, and koplo pill. However, many of them did not remember the kind of drug they took for the first time.
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 16
b. Type of drug of ever used and current use, including frequency of use
Graphic 5.2. Type of drug used in past year Marijuana is mostly ecstasy taken by the group of ever
regular user and current users. In the Analgesic (mixed) Teratur Coba last one year, marijuana is Analgesic experimental taken by experimental user and regular one. Marijuana user is higly found at college than in junior and Senior Senior High School. In fact Inhale glue many abusers remain to marijuana inhale glue especially in the group of regular user. This shows that they cannot afford financially to have sinthetic drug and List G drug especially in Junior Senior High School student group. However, the meth-taking also needs to be observed as its proportion with tramadol, trihexyphenidyl and analgesic is quite equal. These last three mentioned belong to drugs schedule G that are cheaper than shabu as they mainly taken by college students.
c. Injected Drug
Injected drug prevalence rate is 1.4% or one in hundred is an injected drug user mostly in group of student college. The mean of first time drug taking is on 15, with deviation between 12 to 18. At old time or around 2000, the injected drug was putau (heroin). But now it is hard to buy and hard to recognize its quality. Thus that this kind of drug is replaced by subutex, metadon and other free drug. For injected drug users, the pumping is the most sensational thing they find.
The injected drug abuse would dangerously affect when they take it collectively as that can infect particular diseases such as hepatitis and HIV/AIDS. In fact, there are abuser staking injected drug by exchanging each other collectively. There is one out of twelve drug abusers exchanging syringe at least once in their lifetime.
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 17
6. Knowledge and Behavior Related to Drug.
a. Knowledge Good comprehension on drug knowledge is believed to be able to prevent drug abuse. To this, a lot of efforts have been done in increasing public’s knowledge of drug. In the research, most students (91%) know about drug in 2016, with the lowest proportion in Junior Senior High School (88%). Median number that can mention type of drug is six. There are 7 types of drug that are mostly mentioned such as marijuana, shabu, heroin, inhaled substances, cocaine, analgesic abused and ecstasy. The higher their education is, the more they know the types of drug.
Graphic 5.3. Distribution of ever Graphic 5.4. Distribution drug type know frequence of drug frequence mentioned by type by school level in respondents in 2016 2016 Series1; Series1; Series1; Series1ever know; drugSMA; 93%type basedPT/AKD on education; Total ; 91% 7 drug type mostly known SMP; 88% level 93% SMP SMA PT/AKD
Junior Senior Univ/acade High High my school school
In the survey, we try to measure the level of knowledge by using proxy measure with 5 questions about drug. If respondents can answer at least 4 questions correctly, they are considered to have well understanding. If they can answer 2 to 3 questions, they are considered to have adequate understanding. And if the respondents answer only one or nothing correct, they are considered to have less understanding. More than half respondents are well comprehending (53%). But, there are 30% of the respondents have less understanding. Compared to level of comprehension between abuser and non abusers, the fact is abusers have better understanding than non abuser both male or female. The respondents who are not drug absuser and with less knowledge of drug for example in male (37% vs 26%) and female (24% vs 14%).
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 18
There are three main sources of information about drugs: television, printed media (newspaper, magazine), and teacher or lecture at school or college especially for female. We also ask the perception of the drug abuse impact to the respondents. Most answers are health disorder, sentenced to jail, sickness and downgrading achievement.
b. Behavior
Graphic 5.5 Respondent’s attitude to drug type stating quite and very risky, 2011-2016
The respondent’s reaction to a 2011 2016 series of question shows lower variety in 2016 than 2011. In 2011, all behavior’s variable are at least 60%. In 2016, the behaviors considered as the highest risk are smoking, drinking alcohol and using marijuana. The higher their education means the more risky of them to smoke from 46% in Junior Senior High School to 73% in college. The same pattern is seen in those who drink alcohol and use marijuana regularly.
7. Smoking, Drinking Alcohol, and Premarital Sex
a. Smoking
The number of smoking pravelence among students remains stable from 2009 to 2016, ranging from 28% to 29%. One out of three or four students has the experience of smoking. The number of smoking prevalence in Junior Senior High School was increasing from 19% (2009) to 27% (2016). On the other hand, in group of Senior Senior High School remains stable in the range 31%, while in the group of college student decreases from 39% (2009) to 28% (2016). This fact indicates that the target of cigarette industry in expanding their market is youth especially Junior Senior High School students. They are vulnerable as they are still seeking their identity. They consider that smoking represent their maturity or virility for boys.
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 19
Relatively, there is no difference of the prevalence number of ever smoking between those who live in municipal and regency which ranges from 26% to 29%. Eventhough, the number of prevalence in regency was briefly lower than municipal in 2009 and 2011.
Graphic 7.1. Prevalence rate of ever smoke Graphic 7.2. Prevalence rate ever and current and current smoker of cigarette drinker of alcohol by province, by province, 2016 2016
PERNAH SETAHUN PERNAH SETAHUN
Prevalence rate of ever smoke in top 5 in Indonesia are Yogyakarta (42%), North Kalimantan, North Sulawesi, West Sumatera, and Jakarta. Meanwhile, the lowest prevalence occurs in Maluku, South Sulawesi and Bali (18%). Meanwhile, the highest rate of prevalence of current smokers are in North Kalimantan (32%) and Yogyakarta (29%).
b. Alcohol
Prevalence number of drinking alcohol remains stagnant in the last decade from 17% (2006) to 16% (2016). Thus, one out of six students ever drank alcohol in 2016. The decline occured in the group of college and Senior Senior High School student. In the group of college student, the number decreased sharply from 30% to 22% while in the group of Senior Senior High School, the decrease was from 21% to 17% in one last decade. One of the reasons is the enacted policy imposing alcohol’s distribution, and even that was applied in the regional’s rules. Furthermore, BNN has intensively held the activities among college student by such cooperations and forming anti-drug task force where the issue of alcohol was discussed.
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 20
Prevalence number of drinking alcohol in municipal (16% to 18%) is a bit higher than in regency (13-15%) in one last decade. Generally, the tendency of prevalence number remained relatively stable. Based on province, the top five rank of ever drink alcohol is in 5 provinces. They are North Sulawesi (29%) as the highest, followed by NTT, North Kalimantan, Yogyakarta, and west Papua. Otherwise, the lowest rate is in Aceh (3%). The most current drinker of alcohol is in NTT (26%), North Sulawesi, North Kalimantan, and Bali (20%).
Graphic7.3. The trend of ever smoking, drinking Graphic7.4. The trend of ever smoking, alcohol, and premarital sex prevalence drinking alcohol, and premarital number by education level among sex prevalence number by students (%) locations among students (%) Premarital sex smokingMerokok MinumDrink alcoholalkohol Seks pra nikah Merokoksmoking MinumDrink alcoholalkohol SeksPremarital pra nikah sex MerokokMerokok; ; Merokok; Merokok; Akademi/Akademi/Minum PT PT MerokokMerokokMerokok; ; Minum; Akademi/ Minum PT SLTA 2006; 20062009;alkohol 37,9; 38,6Merokok; Merokok; Merokok; ; Merokok; Merokok; SLTASLTA 2009SLTA 2011; 2016; alkohol; 2011;alkohol ;Minum 35,3; MerokokMerokok;; MerokokMerokok; ; 32,7 Akademi/Akademi/ PT Jumlah PTJumlah 2006 2016; ; MerokokMerokok;Merokok ; Merokok; ; Merokok; Kabupaten SLTP 2016; 31,231,1 31 alkohol; JumlahJumlah 2009 2011;; Kabupaten MerokokMerokok; ; MinumMinum Akademi/2009Akademi/ ;PT 29,6 PT Minum29,1MinumMinum28,8 Kota (N) Kota (N) Kabupaten(N) 2016 ; Merokok26,8; Minum 2016; 28,2 Minum27,627,5 Kota (N)Kota (N)Kota (N) SLTPSLTP 2006 2011; alkohol; alkohol; SLTA; SLTA Minum 2006 ; 25,82011Akademi/; 25,9 alkoholPT alkoholalkohol; ;; 2006MinumMinum; 29,2 2006; 29(N)Minum 2009(N) ; 2011Minum29,2; SLTP 2009; alkohol; SLTA SeksSeks pra praSeks pra alkohol; 2009; 28,52011Minum; 28,42016Minum ; 28 Minum 21,521,2 20062009; 20,7;alkohol 20 ; SLTA Seks2016 pra; Jumlah21,7JumlahJumlah 2006 2009 2016; ;; alkoholalkohol; ; Minumalkohol 26,8 ; 26,5alkohol; Minum19,5 2011; 18,6 nikahnikah; ; nikah; JumlahSeksSeks pra pra2011 ; alkoholalkohol; ; alkohol; MinumMinum Seks pra2016 ; 17,2 nikah; Seks16,9Seks pra16,317 pra KotaKota (N) (N) alkoholKabupaten; Kabupaten alkohol; SLTP Seks pra Seks praAkademi/ Akademi/ PTAkademi/ PT PT nikahnikah15 ;; Kota (N)Kota (N) KabupatenSeks pra alkoholalkohol; SLTP; SLTP nikah Seks; SLTA pra Akademi/ PT nikahnikah; ; 2009; 18,7 (N) 2009;(N) 2016; SeksSeks Sekspra pra pra 2006; 9,7 JumlahJumlah 2009 2016;; 2006Seks; 18,4 pra 2016; 17,6 Kota (N) Seks pra 200620092016; 8,9; 8,5nikah;2009 SLTAnikah;nikah 8; SLTA; SLTA 20092011; 9,42016; 7,9Jumlah; 9 2006; Seks pra2011 ; 16,7Seks pra Seks15,5 pra(N) 2011nikah; ; nikahnikah2011nikah; ;SLTP; SLTP7,5; SLTP Jumlah5,9 2011; nikah; Kota 2006Seks; pra14,7 14,8 nikah; SLTP 2006; 4,6 2016; 4,6 4,2 5,4 nikah; Kota nikah; nikahKabupaten13 ; 20092016; 2,4 ; 1,9 2011; 3,3 3,2 nikah(N); Kota2009Seks ; pra nikah; Kota 20062011; ;1,2 1,5 (N) 2016; Kabupaten(N) 2016 ; (N) 2006nikah; ; Kota (N) 2006Kabupaten; 6,9 (N) 20115,6; 4,6 (N) 2011; 45,3 (N) 2009; 5 3,7 2,4
Junior Senior Univ/acade municipal regency High High my total school School
c. Premarital Sex The prevalence number of premarital sex tends to be fluctutative in each survey ranging from 4% to 6%. In 2006, premarital sex prevalence number was about 4% and increased to 6% (2009). It decreased to 3% (2011) and eventually increased again to 5% (2016). This means that in 2106, there was one out of twenty students doing sex before married. In 2016, premarital sex prevalence number increased at all eduaction level whereas in the previous survey it decreased at Senior Senior High School and college level. The number in Senior Senior High School decreased from 8% (2009) to 3% (2011) and in the college decreased from 17% (2009) to 8% (2011). The trend of premarital sex prevalence number in municipal was higher than inregency from 2006 to 2011. However, it was relatively the same in 2016. This indicates that the student’s behavior in regency it is not so differ from the students in municipal.
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 21
Based on locations, most student who ever comitted sex before married is in North Sulawesi (13%), West Papua, NTT, North Kalimantan and Bali (9%). Meanwhile, the lowest is in west Sumatera province (3%). The same pattern is also found at current student commiting premarital sex in North Sulawesi and West Papua, in which one out of ten students commiting sexual intercourse in the last one year. After investigating, 97% students are not married. Among them, 75% recognized their special relationship such as having a lover. We asked about things they do during their relationship. There are three habit mostly done. They are: holding hands (79%), hugging and cuddling (41%), and kissing at cheek (41%). Furthermore, there are respondents who did the over those mentioned such as petting (5%), oral sex (8%), and sexual intercourse (6%) and also anal sex (2%). This fact indicates that our young generation is exposed to risky sex behaviour. Despite of not having a spouse, respondents have their gutts to comitte sexual intercourse before married as the dating couple did. This reveals that they have the sexual intercourse with sex workers and others based on same interest. The above behaviour is very vulnerably to infect HIV/AIDS.
Graphic 7.5. Prevalence number of premarital sex by province 2016
pernah setahun
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 22
Graphic 7.6. Distribution of activity frequency during the relationship, 2016
Laki Perempuan Total
8. Negative Influence of Drug Abuse
a. Declining Activity and Influence at School
The impact of drug Graphc 8.1. Opinion about drug abuse impact abuse mostly mentioned based on respondents , 2011-2016 are the impact on health 20112016; ; and imprisonment. The Kesehatan Kesehatan 2011; 20112016; Masuk; Masuk 2011; Prestasimenurun 2011; 201693; Mudah; Mudah proportion of rate is not so 2016; Prestasimenurun ; 92 2011; DijauhiDikeluarkan 2016penjara; ; penjara; 89; 89 menurun; 88 sakitsakit; 88; 87 menurun; 86 keluarga/2016; Dijauhi Dikeluarkan86 ; different between the temankeluarga/; 79 81 findings in 2011 and 2016. teman; 76 In Drug abusers opinion, they are quite aware that abusing drug will threaten their lives for themselves, 2011; lainnya; others, school, and law 29 2016; lainnya; officers. But they have no 22 choice to get out of their problem since drug remains to a stigma among the family. Thus, they tend 2011 2016 to be introvert. .
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If we compare between drug abuser and non abuser in term of achievment, it is summarized that drug abuser has lower achievement than non abuser. The facts reveal that only 24% of drug abuser who get score above average while the non drug abuser are 37% over the average. There is 11% of drug abuser who are under the class average. It is higher than the non drug abuser that in 5%. The last fact is one of four drug abusers fail to the next grade (24%), while the non abuser show 10%. The data are provided by some studies or papers lije Ahyar (2012)10 who wrote about drug abuse impact both psychologicaly and socially such as less concentration, mental disorder, anti-social, immoral and abandoned by environtment. Likewise Mahmud (2013)11 with his research reveals that drug abuse impacts the motivation to study such as declining school mark; being lazy to go to school; skipping the class very often; feeling sleepy; feeling bored; not paying attention to teacher; leaving hobby like sport and etc.
b. Disturbed Daily Activity
Graphic 8.2. Experience of respondents recognizing their daily activity were disturbed, 2016
We measure the series of
Lahgun bukan questions about respondent's daily experience. There is 74% of respondents of drug abuser stating more disturbed in their daily activity rather than non abuser. Abusers mentioned their disorder such as insomnia and easy to be sad. Besides that, they tend to be lazy to go to school. Thus, they get lower achievement than other pupils in return. Meanwhile, non abusers are not also completely free of daily activity disorder. But the proportion of the last mentioned is lower than the first one. Sri Rejeki (2014)12
10 https://feradesliaahyar.wordpress.com/ 11 http://mahmud09-kumpulanmakalah.blogspot.co.id/2013/02/pengaruh-penyalahgunaan-narkoba.html 12 e-journal.ikip-veteran.ac.idindex.phppawiyatanarticledownload55.pdf
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 24
had conducted her research resulting drug impact to health disorder such as brain function disorder, less concentration, poisoned, overdose, mental and behavioral disorder, health disorder, financial troubled, against law, religious, social and cultural value degraded (free sex), being lazy, less motivated to learn so that they have minor achievement and then fail. Rahem (2013)13 also reveals through his paper that failure in school achievement is caused by drug abuse.
c. Social Aggressivity Beasides daily activity, we also measure the social aggressivity related to bad behavior like fighting, stealing, breaking things, against the law, challenging to teachers and selling drug. Of those mentioned, the drug abusers are more dominant doing all those thing than non abusers. The particular type of drug such as alcohol and uppers type of drug like shabu can cause the agresive behavior and many to do violence (Ahyar, 2012)14. The most aggressive act occurs are brawling in school and creating trouble at school. They also do things against the law like stealing, selling drug and eventually caught by police. While among the non abusers, that things are in lower proportion.
Graphic 8.3. Proportion of social aggressivity by drug abuser and non drug abuser, 2016
Tidak agresif; Lahgun; 36% Tidak agresif; non lahgun; 64%
Agresif; Lahgun; 64% abuser Non abuser Agresif; non lahgun; 36% agg Not resi agressive ve Agresif Tidak agresif
13 Sociological Factors To Drug Abuse And The Effects On Secondary School Students’ Academic Performance In Ekiti And Ondo States, Nigeria 14 http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1073210.pdf
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 25
9. Illicit Drug Trafficking and Its Vulnerablity
a. Access to drug and how to get drug
Graphic 9.1. Distribution to get drug mostly mentioned by respondent, 2011-2016
Access to get drug can 2011 2016 be obtained in two ways : by buying and by given. The reason behind buying that drug is a demand to use drug so that they male some efforts to fulfill their need actively. Meanwhile, the given way, they need not to seek nothing but more to increase the number of drug abuser as part of drug trafficking. The access to drug is relatively the same between 2011 and 2016. The most used access by drug abuser to get drug is by buying from their friend outside school. Its proportion is getting bigger in 2016. The dealers and traffickers play their part to ease drug abuser to access drug. Other things to be awared is drug store. Drug store and pharmacy remains safe and legal places to buy drug especially list G drug (prescribed drug). Among students, list G drug remains popular since it has low price and easy to find. Meanwhile, the efforts to increase the number of drug abuser by sharing drug are usully conducted by friends outside school in which its percentage is doubled than by friends at school. This indicates that peer group friendship can trigger the spreading and trafficking of drug. Thus, students’ strength to say "NO" should be their basis strength to shield themselves from negative influence of their peers.
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 26
b. How to Earn Money to Buy Drug
Graphic 9.2. Earning money to buy drug, 2016
The way to earn money for buying drug is 2016; Uang relatively the same saku/jajan; 39 between survey in 2011 2011; Uang saku/jajan; 35 and 2016. The allowance or pocket money is the respondents’ main source to buy drug. The trend increased from 35% (2011) to 39% (2016). Other effort 2016; bekerja; to earn money to buy drug 15 2011; bekerja; is from wage or salary, 2016; jual 12 2011barang; jual selling own goods, school barangsendiri ; 8 fee. Even, there are some 2016; Kurir 2011; SPP; 5sendiri ; 20115 2016; Menipu; Menipu2011; ;; Kurir 2016; SPP; 4 narkoba; 4 20112016; Jual diri; respondents who get 3 3 narkoba; 3 2011 2016 2 money from deceiving (3%) and being prostitute (2%). Thus, there are some ways and effort carried out by the abusers to get money for drug sake. Ironically, before 2000s, putau (heroin) emerged as drug dominantly sold after marijuana. Putau's effect is very harmful. In that period, many crimes and fraud were were commited by drug abusers. At that time, many putau user also loss their assets and found their family broken for their children's recovery sake.
c. Experience of ever been offered drug The effort to traffick drug will never end as this had been related to a big business with fast profit. The more number of abuser the bigger profit the dealer with their link will grab. The pattern of experience of offering drug is the same between survey in 2011 and 2016. The biggest proportion is from their mate out of school and inside one. It is a tendency of decreasing the experience of being offered drug, as data mentioned that mate offering drug out of school from 4.2% (2011) to 2.8% (2016). While of the mate of the same school also show its decrease from 2.6% (2011) to 1.9% (2016). However, we have to remain alert considering three of hundred pupils or students are offered of drug by their mate outside the school. The scenes are getting more ironic when they were offered by their closest person like their lover, unscrupulous officers, even parents.
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 27
Graphic 9.3. Distribution of persons and place to offer drug, 2011-2016
The most locations to offer drug is house of a friend from outside the school. This indicates that they choose the venue to offer drug they think safe of the law officer’s surveillance or even parent’s monitor. Besides that, they have their guts to offer drug at school. Thus, there is no guarantee that our kids we perceive as good one are free of drug, as school can be set up as the drug transaction by the traffickers.
In the survey, the highest percentage number of place to offer drug is the house at 63.5% (table 3.2.1) followed by boarding house at 15.6%. The other places are apartment at 0.2%. This percentage maybe seem to be small since not many pupils or students in some provinces of survey location stay in apartment.
d. The identification of Family, SchooI and Residence Environment We identify them who smoke, drink alcohol, and take drug. They are maybe the father, mother, brothers or relatives living in their neighborhood. In fact, the drug abuser are more found who derive from family in which its member are smoker, alcoholic and drug abusers. Based on article written by Jiloha (2009) 15 that smoking parents can influence their child to do so. Even in India, parents who smoke become so permisive when their children smoke pot. That is similar to drinking alcohol. The drinking parents do not prohibit their children to drink it.
15 Social and Cultural Aspects of Drug Abuse in Adolescentshttp://medind.nic.in/daa/t09/i2/daat09i2p167.pdf
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 28
The survey results that drug abuse on pupils and students occurs more in the circumstances in which their fathers are smokers at 59.1% (table 3.5.2a) rather than their other brothers doing the same to at 55.2%. When it’s brother drinking alcohol, so drug abuse occurs at 25.8% in that family environtment. Drug abuse among pupils and student also can be caused in a family in which their brothers abusing drug too. In that case, the rate reaches 7.6%. The findings of the survey reveal that not only family circumstances that lead to drug abuse, but also the neighborhood influence can be the trigger too. Neighborhood is divided into two parts, namely school environment and residence environment. Both environments are vulnerable for someone from drug abuse risk. We have made seven proxy indicators describing vulnerability of neighborhood. They are; 1) slums; 2) crowded neighborhood; 3) neighborhood with many unemployment; 4) places with many smokers; 5) places with many alcoholics; 6) places with drug abusers; 7) places where many crimes occur.
Graphic 9.4. Closest person react to Graphic 9.5. Closest person react to respondent over respondent over drug user, smoking habit , 2016 2016
smokingMerokok Narkoba abuser Not abuser Penyalahguna Bukan Penyalahguna Bukan
dad mom Bro/sis Other others dad mom Bro/sis relatives Other others relatives
Based on those indicators, drug abuser mainly inhabit those kind of neighborhood. Based on that 7 indicators, we compile to be 4 main indicators as follows : high vulnerability (more than 5 indicators), in between (3-5 indicators), low (1-2 indicators), and not vulnerable (no one say yes to 7 indicators). The higher their education level the lower no vulnerable proportion. The non vulnerable neighborhood at Junior Senior High School is at 41% then decrease to 23% when they are in college. While they who stay in insecure neighborhood of high category that are from Junior Senior High School or college show a little bit gap, by 5% and 7%. In general, we can conclude that two-third of respondents stay in the vulnerable neighborhood (school or residence).
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Graphic 9.6. Distribution of Graphic 9.7. Distribution of residence and neighborhood condition school vulnerability level, by drug abuser and non 2016 abuser, 2016
Lahgun bukan lahgun non lahgun Lahgun; merokok; 67
bukan; merokok; 49 Lahgun; minum Lahgun; alkohol; 40 Lahgun;penganggur padat; 36 an; 35 bukan; bukan; padat; 29penganggur an; 25 Lahgun; bukanLahgun; ; tindak minumNarkoba kriminal; ; 19 16 alkohol; 16 bukan; Lahgun; tindak kumuh; 8 kriminal; 8 bukan; bukan; kumuh; 4 Narkoba; 4
In detail, the drug abuser mainly live in the locations with high risk, both in their school or residence. This fact indicates that environtmental factor contributes much to drug trafficking.
e. New Psychoactive Substance s(NPS) At present time, New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) emerge massively with various form, type and marketing. Even that is packaged in form of candy easily to get by children around their school. In the world, NPS increases sharply. As the comparison, in 2012, there were 216 NPS and increased into 430 substances in 2013, and 450 substances in 2014. A year later, there were 643 NPS. In Indonesia, the rule of Ministry of Health number 13 of 2014 was enacted about Change of narcotic classification in which 18 types of NPS belong to the appendix. For now, that appendix contain 43 types of NPS as listed in the appendix of Ministry of Health’s rule number 9 year 2015 and number 3 year 2017 about psychtropic classification change. From the data, the classification toward NPS is not only in term of narcotic but also psychotropic.
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 30
Based on our investigation, many trafficking of NPS involved social media, like online shop or website. The common NPS sold via social media for example super tobacco named bear or gorilla tobacco. To make it like new, they change the brand inspite of the same substances. Some other tobacco under brand of Ganesha, Hanoman, Natapraja and Bear are also noticed. These kind synthetic tobacco are estimated to emerge in the market of Indonesia since 2015.
An example of online shop to Example of tobacco brand Example of tobacco “cap sell NPS sold by online beruang”
Bear tobacco is regarded to cause more dangerous effect than gorilla tobacco. Lately, bear tobacco is saleable among their users. The difference between gorilla tobacco and bear one is that the last mentioned has more substances than gorilla. By three suction, the users will feel the effect of hallucination of that tobacco16 . Bear tobacco is a type of canabinoid synthetic causing almost similar effect to common marijuana. But the chemical substances inside are able to cause hallucinogen stronger than common marijuana. Eventually, the users taking it will be anxious and paranoid very extremely. Gorilla tobacco is getting popular among locals as a pilot flying off Surabaya to Jakarta in early 2017 was arrested.
16 http://www.liputan6.com/p/2lf-evolusi-narkoba-jenis-baru
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 31
The other NPS also is getting popular is Fentanil. Its effect and how to use is similar to putau (heroin) that are mostly used by injecting. The hazardous impact will be reenacted like the old time when putau meet its glory. If the pattern is the same, the sharing the syringe habit will be reenacted. This inevitable infect through the blood many diseases related to that habit such as hepatitis and HIV AIDS. Furthermore, overdose and craving effect will be increasing. This impact to many toll of drug abuse and demand for rehabilitation will be increased.
10. The Exposure of P4GN Program a. Source of information They who ever involved in the activity of P4GN in past year tend to decrease in one decade. There was 86% of ever used involved in P4GN in 2006 then decreased to 78% in 2016. This downturn occured in all group of Junior and Senior Senior High School pupils while among the students of college remain stable in three surveys even under percentage of 2006. We also dis in-depth examination about how students are exposed to communication, information and education (KIE) of drug. More than three-fourth respondents (79%) are ever exposed some activity KIE about P4GN conducted by some stakeholders. The higher their education level, the more they are exposed by KIE. In the level of Junior Senior High School, the pupils who are exposed only 65% and the students of college are 87%. It is found that 5% who are exposed do not understand the message delivered throuh activity of KIE. The lower their education, the less understand they are of KIE mesaages. Upon that fact, KIE should be recreated and rearranged on Junior Senior High School level in term of its method and activity model in order that the message can be delivered very well and easily understood by the pupils.
Graphic 10.1. Respondent's tendency Graphic 10.2. Distribution of ever been of P4GN activity in past exposed by KIE, year, 2006-2016 understanding level, belief of avoiding drug, 2016 Junior senior terpapar terpaparmengertiYakin ; terpapar Total; 2006high; uni mengerti; SLTP TotalSLTA; 2009high; PT Total KIE; SMA; KIEmenghindarPT/AKD; ; KIE; Totalmengerti; ; 85,8school Totalv; 2011; Total; 2016; terpapar SMAYakin; 81,5school 81,30% PT/AKD84,38%i; PT/AKD; 78,50%; TotalYakin; 80,1 78,5 KIE; SMP; mengerti; menghindar76,73% 86,60%69,31% menghindar73,62% 65,30% SMP; i; SMA; i; Total; Yakin 56,67% 55,46% 53,25% menghindar i; SMP; 30,84%
Junior high school seniorhigh school uni v terpaparExposed KIE mengertiunderstood Yakin menghindari Avoid surely by KIE
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 32
Dealing with KIE, its message that is understood has to be triggered to many respondents to make the real action to avoid drug abuse. In fact, one of five among Junior Senior High School pupils remain doubt whether he or she can prevent drug abuse or not. The higher their education level, the higher proportion who believe to avoid drug. But the number of persons who have less belief to avoid drug remain big and they should be pressed very tight so that the prevention program will meet the success, especially through KIE.
b. Pupils’ opinion on effective drug handling We try to explore the tendency opinion over drug handle to its abusers. Based on two surveys of drug abusers and non abusers, rehabilitation is regarded as the best step for overcoming drug abuse problem. But the proportion considering that is getting lower and the opposite, the respondents stating prison are getting higher off 2011 to 2016.
Graphic 10.3. Tendency of opinion over Graphic 10.4. To do action when finding effective drug abuser drug abuse, 2011-2016 handling, 2011-2016
Menasehati; BukanMelarang ; MelaporkanBukan Menasehati; ; Direhab; pengunaBukan BukanMelarang ; Direhab; penguna Melaporkanignored; Pengguna Direhab; Menasehati; 2011;penguna 73 pengunaBukan Bukan Direhab; 2011; 70 Bukan 2011; 66 Pengguna treated Pengguna Menasehati; 2011; 662016 penguna; 66 advice Pengguna Bukan Melarang ; penguna 2016; 62 Pengguna 2016Didiamkan; 60 2011; 59 Penjara; 2011Pengguna; 60 Didiamkan ; forbid Penjara;Pengguna jailed 2016Melarang; 56 ; 2016; 57 Bukan Direhab 2011Melaporkan; 54Pengguna ; Menasehati Bukan 2016; 52 Pengguna Pengguna DidiamkanPengguna; 2016 ; 47 report Penjara; Pengguna 2016Melaporkan; 45 ; Penjara; 2016; 44 Penjara Pengguna2011 ; 43 Melarang Pengguna 2011; 39 Pengguna Didiamkan; Pengguna 2011; 38 2016; 33 2016; 33 Bukan Melaporkan 2011; 31 Didiamkan; user Not user user NotBukan user penguna penguna 2016; 22 2011; 16
Asking the respondents about the actions to do if the find drug abuse should be conducted and confirmed. There is difference proportion about drug abuser's answer and their opposite. Among drug abuser, the proportion stating "permissive" is getting higher off 38% to 47%, but for all others action tend to decrease. Meanwhile, among non abusers, the proportion of they who are going to advice, forbid, and repot are more than drug abusers. Dealing with those fact, the students who are permisive upon their friend involved in drug abuse are getting to increase in 2016. Referingr to the data, the respondents opinion of being permissive when seeing drug abuse is at 2.2% (graphic 10.4).
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 33
c. Student's participation in educational activity of drug danger We observe how students involve in activity of P4GN. In one decade, there is trend of decreasing participation amid students and pupils in P4GN program. In 2006, there was 86% pupils and students participating on that, but in 2016 shown its downturn to 79%. The decrease occur on each survey. Despite that decrease but they who understand the message of P4GN are getting higher unless in 2016. Thus, the more efforts to involve students in P4GN program need to improve by enhancing methods and strategy so that they can be more get the point of the activity.
Graphic 10.5. Tendency of participation level Graphic 10.6. Trend of student and their participation in P4GN comprehension when by school, 2006-2016 joining program of P4GN, 2006-2016 2006; PT/Akade2011; 2006; mi; 93,62009; 2016; Terlibat; 2009; PT/Akade SLTA; 90,32011; PT/AkadePT/Akade 2006; 85,8 Terlibat; SLTA; 87,3 mi; mi87,9; 86,6 Terlibat; Terlibat; SLTA; 201685,2 ; mi; 86,1 2009; 81,5 2006; SLTP; 2011Mengerti; 80,1 ; 2016; 78,5 SLTA; 81,3 Mengerti; 2009; SLTP; 2011; 74,7 77,82011; SLTP; 2009; 72,3 73,772,4 Mengerti; 2016; SLTP; 2006; 65,7 Mengerti; 65,3 2016; 61,1
Junior high school seniorhigh school univ
Kurang Kurang Kurang mengerti; mengerti; Kurang mengerti; 2009; 21,9 2011; 19,8 mengerti; 2006; 17,4 Tidak 2016; 15 Tidak Tidak Tidak mengerti; mengerti; mengerti; mengerti; 2006; 5,9 2009; 4 2011; 3,7 2016; 4,7
2006 2009 2011 2016 Terlibat Mengerti Kurang mengerti Tidak mengerti
Unfortunately, the participation of students in P4GN based on school level is getting lower. The highest decrease is in Junior and Senior Senior High School, while in university remain stable as many P4GN program are conducted in college college such as anti drug campaigne and urine test to new students.
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 34
d. Role of Institutions
Graphic 10.7. P4GN Disribution in Various Institutions, 2006-2016
The same engagement pattern also occurs at institution level. Generally, the engagement of institution in P4GN tends to decline except BNN. The role of BNN is incresing in the last decade. It is increasing from 53% in 2006 into 68% in 2016. The role of BNN is significantly increasing among universities from 60% in 2006 into 80% in 2016. Meanwhile, among Junior High 2006 2009 2011 2016 School, it is only increasing from 49% to 53% within a decade. The role of BNNP and BNNK tends to be stable from 2011 to 2016. Meanwhile, school and college which are supposed to be the center of pupils and students engagement in P4GN tend to be stagnant in last 7 years. What requires a serious attention is the stagnation of institutions in the last 5 years. Thus, it needs a more intensive strengthening of related institutions.
e. Rehabilitation Experience Less drug users have been rehabilitated. The number tends to decline from 9% in 2011 to 6% in 2016. In 2011, most rehabilitated users were non- injection drug users while in 2016 most rehabilitated users were injection drug users. In 2016, the most chosen type s of rehabilittaion are seeing docter or hospital, going to rehabilitation center, and religious approach. Types of rehabilitation which were being questioned to respondents are: 1) Medical detoxification. 2) Non medical detoxification (sinse). 3) Install the body. 4) Emergency treatment due to OD. 5) Rehabilitation at medical rehab center. 6) Rehabilitation at non medical rehab center (religious, traditionall). 7) Post-rehabilitation services. 8) Assistance in outreach. 9) Outpatient (Substitution of methadone, bufrenorphine, codeine, subutect).
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 35 f. Willingness to Report Compulsory Reporting Recipient Institution (IPWL) Program has been planned in last couple of years. This is not only a prevention but also a rehabilitation of drug abuser through a synergy with related institutions such as ministry of health, Ministry of Social, Police and rehabilitation center. By reporting to IPWL, drug user may be avoided from the law. For instance, if drug users are hit by a drug raid and have not reported to IPWL, then the drug addicts will be threatened with imprisonment. Survey shows that only 1 from 4 drug abuser among pupils and students who are willing to report to IPWL program. The low number of drug users willing to report to IPWL is due to the perception that drug issue is a stigma and sensitive/closed thing. Those who are willing to report are mostly injection drug users. Most of them are willing to report IPWL to rehabilitation center (25%), hospital (18%), and BNN (18%), the injection drug users mostly report to BNN while non-injection drug users mostly report to rehabilitation center.
11. School and College’s Response Upon P4GN-Related Policy Based on qualitative approach, it is found several school and college responses upon P4GN-related policy at school. The drug emergency issue is responded by teachers. Many informant from education sector said that drug illicit traficking does not only occur among students but also among Junior High School pupils. Furthermore, synthetic drug in the form of candy is now found in elementary school. For the purpose of drug prevention at school/college, stakeholders in the region such as BNNK, Educaton Office and school/university have formulated policies or regulation which involves all elements of school/college. The policies are regulations, surat edaran and activities which involve BNNK, Regional Office of Education and the Police. These are responses from school and college upon P4GN: a. P4GN-related Policies at School A number of activities has been vonducted by stake holder and school to anticipate and prevent drug traficking among pupils and students. BNNK confirms its commitment to increase the eradication of drug trafcking and the rehabilitation of drug users as well as the society empowerment. The forms of prevention are including establishing SMS center and anti drug-task force to enable the society to report the issues of P4GN in each neighbourhood. The information sharing about the danger of drug through counselling and cooperation with Regency/Municipal Government Office is conducted through sticker, baliho, billboard, poster, and banner in public places starting from the sub distric to district. The information sharing also invloves the police, health profiles and religious profile. Besides that, BNNK will coordinate with related parties from the society and related sector including Regional Office of Education.
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 36 For prevention at school, BNNK actively holds counselling and information sharing about the bad impact of using drug. This activity is usually held in the early school/university year. Another activity is urine test at several schools done randomly to a number of pupils. The effort by Regency/Municipal Office of Education generally suggests the school/college to hold counselling and information sharing about the danger of drug by involving BNN or the Police. Several Offices of Education in Regency/ Municipal hold other activities such as out bond and training for pupils and students. Beside that the Office of Education also stipulates strict rules to all school components including the school itself and teachers who consume or sell drug.
Meanwhile, school/college may hold drug prevention activity through information sharing and counselling about the danger of drug in flag ceremony, religious activity, and the installation of posters on the danger of drug. The counselling may be conducted by the school or by involving BNNK. For the purpose of prevention in school/college, currently most school/ college has formulated rules or circular letter which regulates sanction to all pupils and teachers who are caught to carry or use drug. For early prevention, school has prohibited pupils for smoking, drinking and using drug at school and has conducted sudden urine test. For pupils who are caught in the razia would be subject to saction and their parents would be requested to hold supervision at home. These days, the activities of drug prevention at school are mostly information sharing or counselling. These activities are considered to be less interested for pupils and students since they are one way and boring. Less pupils and students are actively involved in interactive discussion. Thus, another alternative should be found which is able to invite more participation from pupils. Teachers or facilitators are demanded to have the ability to master the drug issue and pupils’ character who are mosty youth.
b. Activities/Programs of Drugs Prevention, Eradication, Abuse and Illicit Traficking (P4GN) at Schools and Universities
The role of school and university is quite strategic in saving the youth generation from drugs. The Three Pillars of University are Education, Research and Service. Schools are also intensifely starting to hold P4GN program. P4GN activities at school in different areas are varied. These activities can be grouped into 10 types. These are P4GN activities or programs at schools and universities in survey area:
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 37
1) Counseling by BNN at schools/univeristies/School Orientation/ International Day againts Drug Abuse and Illicit Traficking 2) Student regeneration or anti drug facilitator/task force organization establishment at school or universities 3) Education on drug through extracurricular: Aids and Drug-Care Student Group (KSPAN), School Health Unit (UKS), Counselling Information Center, Hebat, KRR, Posbindu, campaign. 4) Drug education through PKHS (Healthy Life Skills Education) integrated and local content curriculum 5) Education or knowledge on drug care through seminar, workshop by school or universities 6) TOT for teachers/person in charge of anti drug activities 7) Advocation, MoU, Sawie, Prosecutor goes to school 8) drug promotion or interactive dialog in radio or TV 9) Drug promotion through leaflet and book 10) Urine test
c. Implementation and Obstacle in Running P4GN Policy at School and University
There are schools which cannot hold P4GN well. Some have integrated P4GN in the curriculum, while others integrate P4GN in the extracuricullar such as art performance or drama or anti drug campaigns to the youth.
A number of schools has shown their seriousness againts drug. There are schools which conduct P4GN temporary through counselling during school or college orientation. Most schools said to follow up P4GN at school or college due to the lack of fund. These times, P4GN conducted by schools is still relied to BNNK or BNNP.
Less P4GN is run by school due to the lack of interest from school. P4GN is seen as an acivity which may interfere the teaching and learning actvities at school. Schools have difficulties in allocating time after the school hours. If it is conducted after the school hours, it is difficult for school to ensure the students joining the activity since they would prefer to go home. Another consideration that causes school not to conduct P4GN due to lack of resources. Most school only relies counselling teachers. Currently, the role of counselling teachers is only limited to assisting and solving students’ personal problem in order to be able to finish the education. Most schools do not have any counselling teachers who understands well drug issue.
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 38 The participation of many parties such as Regional Office of Education, school and parents is highly required. The support from regional government and Regional Office of Education is required in formulating policy and to be participated in designing and implementing P4GN. It requires capable teachers in delivering life skill on drug to students. School which has conducted P4GN well needs support from all aspects of the society including parents, BNNK and BNNP and the police, regional government, especially Regional Office of Education.
d. Effective and Efficient Activities/Programs at Schools and Universities
There are activities of P4GN at schools in many region in Indonesia. However, the qulified, sustainable, influencing and on-target activities with low budget and continuity have not identified well.
Effective in this case means the utilization of resources and target achievemnt (Komarudin, 2000; Sondang P.Siagian,2001; Abdurahmat,2003). Meanwhile, efficient means to use less human resources to achieve the maximum result. Generally, program continuity is measured through financial availability to run the long term program.
Besides continuity, the service quality also plays a role in achieving the goal of the program. This aspect is directly involved with the use of service by the targeted group. As we know, the service quality is categorized into three perspective namely client, provider and donor (Asrul Awar, 1996). The service quality from the client perspective includes the officer responsiveness and capability in serving and communicating including showing hospitality and sincerity. From provider side, quality refers to the completeness of the service as well as the function and high technology. From donor perspective, quality means the efficiency of resources and the fairness of funding. For practical purposes, important variables are chosen to be indicators to measue the services in reducing the bad impact of injected drug.
In order to explain the effectiveness of P4GN at schools, this study uses useful and implementive concept framework to be identified through the activites aimed at reducing the risk of drug and increasing the care, quality and sustainability of the activities. The concept of implementive covers the aspect of finance, program operation, work force, acceptance or support from related parties. This is the variable an operation explanation used in usable and implementative concept.
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 39 Table 11.1. Variable and Definition of Effective and Efficient Opeartion
Variable Definition of Operation
Meeting the aspect of ratio reduction, scope, 1 Effective: service quality and service sustainability. Each aspect is explained as follows:
The effort to reduce ratio of drug infected and to be 1.1 Ratio reduction able to increase the care by participating positive activities
The number of students participating in 1.2 Scope activities/programs
Meeting the material of drug prevention promotion 1.3 Service quality and trained facilitator
Able to conduct long term activity/program 1.4 Service sustainability intensively
The ability to hold a relatively cheap program with 2 Efficient: familiar method by the existing human resources
2.1 Cost Having the fixed fund to run the service
Facilitator is mastering the material and 2.2 Technology information
2.3 Human resources Having sufficient human resources
The services are not in the contrary with the 2.4 Acceptance existing norms and prevailing laws and regulation
Schools and universities in many region have conducted P4GN through varied activities and capabilities. Thus, it is important to identify effective and efficient activities. The following table shows variable and measurement to assest P4GN activity/program at school and university. From the inventory, activity is grouped into ten types. They are:
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 40 Table 11.2 Assesment of P4GN activity/program at school and university
Effectinveness Type of P4GN Activity/ Program at School Human Scope Quality Continuity Funding Method Support resources
1. MOS/ HANI Counseling by ++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ BNN at schools/univeristies/ School Orientation/ International Day againts Drug Abuse and Illicit Traficking
2. Student regeneration or + ++ ++ ++ +++ +++ +++ anti drug facilitator/task force organization establishment at school or universities
3. Education on drug through +++ +++ ++++ ++++ +++ ++++ +++ extracurricular: Aids and Drug-Care Student Group (KSPAN), School Health Unit (UKS), Counselling Information Center, Hebat, KRR, Posbindu, campaign
4. Drug education through ++++ +++ +++++ ++++ +++ ++++ +++ PKHS (Healthy Life Skills Education) integrated and local content curriculum
5. Education or knowledge on ++ +++ ++ ++ +++ ++ +++ drug care through seminar, workshop by school or universities
6. TOT for teachers/person in ++ +++ +++ ++ +++ +++ +++ charge of anti drug activities
7. Advocation, MoU, Sawie, ++ +++ ++ +++ +++ +++ +++ Prosecutor goes to school
8. Drug promotion or +++ ++ ++ ++ +++ ++ +++ interactive dialog in radio or TV
9. Drug promotion through ++ +++ ++ +++ +++ ++ +++ leaflet and book
10. Urine test + ++++ ++ +++ +++ ++ +++
Note: assesment with scale 5. (+) shows effectiveness ratio
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 41 If all schools conduct P4GN independently, it can be ensured that all students are well informed about drug. However, currently, there are still schools which have not conducted P4GN and most of them rely on other party such as BNN in its region, Office of Health, and the Police. Since not all schools have independently conduct P4GN, its scope is limited only half of the schools. The communication channels which is able to present massively is electronic media such as TV. However, education through this media requires relatively high cost and not all students have the opportunity to watch the aired information. Anti drug material avalibality and suficientness, trained facilitator availabilitty, room availability, information obtainment comfort and fulfillment are parts of program quality requirements. This study does not analyze the quality of KIE comprehensively since it does not focus on this. It focuses on the assestment of activity or P4GN at school based on the trained human resources who promote the reduction of drug abuse ratio. The quality of anti-drug program at school can be identified from the sufficientness or availability of anti drug materail, trained facilitator availability, room avaiability, students’ comfort to obatin informationpromotion, and students’ simplicity to obtain or acess information. These criteria are relatively fulfilled by all schools. Currently, most school could not hold structured and sustainable P4GN. This activity is held at schools and usually facilitated by other party such as Police, BNN region, or Regional Office of Health. This activity does not conducted intensively like counselling that is held once a year by other institution. As we know, in order to give sufficient understanding including knowledge and life skill, it takes adequate time and should be conducted intensively. In principle, the sustainability of the program will be guaranteed if it is invlved in the curriculum. P4GN funding will be much lower and cheaper if each school has program and is able to held it independently compared to BNN which holds counselling or promotion at schools. Besides the relatively high cost, the limit of human resources in BNN is also not equivalent with the number of schools. Generally, teacher has mastered teaching technique in conveying information to the students. It is assumed that taechers will not face any difficulties in conveying information on drug related information which is relevant to their subjects. The arrangement on drug can be transformed to teachers in various ways such as training, modul or knowldege upgrade through social media.
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 42 The integrated P4GN activity or program and P4GN as part of extracuriccular at school seems to have higher value in meeting the criteria of effective and efficient which meet the aspect of scope, information delivery quality, human resources, continuity, funding, method and support/program acceptance. In principle, integrated P4GN means the delivery of information and promotion of drug pevention inside school subjects and does not stand as a subject by itself. It does not means that other activities are not as important, but they are held based on condition and need.
12. Summary and Suggestion a. Summary The number of drug abuse by students tends to decline in the last decade, both for pupils or students. The prevalence number of drug abuse in dtudents of one year use declines from 5.2% in 2006 into 1.9% in 2016. It means that if there are 5 among 100 students are using drug in 2006, then there only 2 students using drug in 2016. Thus, more than half of them uses drug in the last one year can be reduced in the last decade. There is a tendecy that if the education is higher then the number prevalence in drug abuse is also higher both ever use and current users. The drugs usually consumed in the last one year are marijuana, inhaled glue, shabu, and tramadol. Based on qualitative approach, it is found school and college’s response upon P4GN policy at school. The type of activity/program in different school and region is varied. From a number of type of activity/program, it can be grouped into ten. Below shows the invetory of P4GN at school and college in survey areas: 1) Counseling by BNN at schools/universities/School Orientation/ International Day againts Drug Abuse and Illicit Traficking 2) Student regeneration or anti drug facilitator/task force organization establishment at school or universities 3) Education on drug through extracurricular: Aids and Drug-Care Student Group (KSPAN), School Health Unit (UKS), Cousnelling Information Center, Hebat, KRR, Posbindu, campaign. 4) Drug education through PKHS (Healthy Life Skills Education) integrated and local content curriculum 5) Education or knowledge on drug care through seminar, workshop by school or universities 6) TOT for teachers/person in charge of anti drug activities 7) Advocation, MoU, Sawie, Prosecutor goes to school 8) drug promotion or interactive dialog in radio or TV 9) Drug promotion through leaflet and book 10) Urine test
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 43 b. Suggestion The sugeestion refers to BNN Deputy. The detailed suggestion is in the below table:
Deputy Issues Suggestion
Prevention Knowledge upgrade should Developing inovation of be done as early as activity strategy and possible. There is a gap that method as well as those who have involved in interactive and interesting P4GN are found to be not message in order to fully understand the succesfully relay the mesaage and meaning of mesagge to participants. the activity. Thus, they do Establishing counselor or not give any influence to facilitator by same age drug prevention. group who is able to disseminate P4GN information corectly and accurately with Training of Trainer method.
Couselling and education of Integrating drug material to P4GN a school and all school subjets for related university is mostly topic. For example, biology incidental or eventual discusses the impact of drug where the program to human body, or arts to continuity is low and the perform drama about drug. program effectiveness is Giving P4GN a value at questionable. school and college by giving reward and punishment. Condifentiality guarantee to school and college and follow up the policy which is coaching, not punishment. Modifying the method into more interesting and interactive in drug material delivery.
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 44 The tendency that smoking Intensifying P4GN prevalence number is intervention in Junior Senior increasing in Junior Senior High School school High School school students studentsin cooperation with as the youth group which Ministry of Education and becomes an entrance of school. The developed drug program should be sustainable with lowest budget as possible. Conducting tight supervision through smoking prohibition since childhood as smoking is the entrance of drug abuse (cannabis) in which the consumption is like cigarette.
The drug abuse risk is Students should be infuenced mostly by friends encouraged to say NO especilly outside school through life skill education. including their peer group. It happens since they have no power to say NO if being invited for negative activity such as smoking, drinking and using drug. Public Empowerment - The number of institution The needs to develop involved in P4GN tends to strategy to invite more decline. institution working in P4GN - university, the awareness especially those which has and commitment to access to bigger target such conduct P4GN has been as Ministry of Education or increasing, the indicator is Ministry of Man Power. there are more activities Conducting coordination with involving BNN. related stakeholders - The establishment of especially school, parents, Aliansi Relawan Perguruan work palce, religious leader, Tinggi Anti and public figure to improve Penyalahgunaan Narkotika the knowledge of P4GN in (ARTIPEDA), in Jakarta and order to be to protect youth outside Jakarta like South from drug abuse at school, at Sulawesi, East Java and home or in the environment. North Sumatera. - University has conducted urine test independently.
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 45
Poor commitment from Strengtening the leaders or heads of P4GN commitment of Ministry of institutions since it is nit the Education cq Office of main program and the Education in the province sectoral ego, including the dan regency since it still has strengtening of human BNNP and BNNK which resources who are capable prepare and train teachers in and understand P4GN in Junior Senior High School and each institution. Senior High School for P4GN. The case study can bee seen in East Java, especially the city od Surabaya and Kediri. Eradication There are new type of Developing early detection synthetic drug in the world system, blocking the website including in Indonesia which and catching the drug dealers is called New Psychoactive of this NPS types. Substances (NPS). These new types are aleady found in Indonesia such as synthetic marijuana (Beruang, Gorilla, Kanoman, etc/names of animals ) or putaw (fentanil) which are sold free in the internet. Some types are in the form of candies or snacks sold at food stall. Many of new NPS are not yet Developing meeting included in the list of drug in mechanism to review new Indonesia. Thus, there is a NPS by experts. If the review weakness in legal proof. says that NPS is positive with drug substance then it will be automatically included in the annex of Laws or regulation in Indonesia every 4 months. Legal and The poor of commitment of Strengtening the Cooperation leaders in the institution commitment of Ministry of reagrding P4GN since it is not Education cq Office of their main program and the Education in the province existence of sectoral ego dan regency since it still has including human resources BNNP and BNNK which empowerment who is prepare and train teachers in capable and understand Junior Senior High School and P4GN in their institution. Senior High School for P4GN. A number of school and The case study can bee seen college is not ready to in East Java, especially the paticipate in urine test by city of Surabaya and Kediri. BNNP/BNNK to save its Priority of approach to image and credibility. private school and private eduational foundation to be more active in P4GN.
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 46 List of Abbreviation and Meaning
AIDS : Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome a group of sympthon and infection caused by the intervention in human imune system due to HIV infection.
ATS : Amphetamine-Type Stimulant A group of subtance or drug which contains stimulant for center nerves such asspeed and crystal.
BNN : Badan Narkotika Nasional National Narcotics Boards I s a non ministrial government institution in Indonesia
BNNP : Badan Narkotika Nasional Provinsi Provincial National Narcotics Board is vertical institution under the National Narcotics Board
DKT : Diskusi Kelompok Terarah Focus Group Discussion is a process of information gathering of a very specific issue through group discussio
FGD : Focus Group Discussion is a process of information gathering of a very specific issue through group discussion
HANI : Hari Anti Narkoba Internasional International Day Againts Drug Abuse and Illicit Traficking on 26 June, countries in the world commamorate international day against drug abuse and illicit traficking
HIV : Human Immuno Deficiency Virus Is a virus which attacks human imune and weakens body to fight againts infection and disease.
IPWL : Instansi Penerima Wajib Lapor Is public health center, hospital, and/or medical regabilitation center and social rehabilitation center appointed by the government (Government Regulation number 25 of 2011).
KIE : Komunikasi, Informasi, Edukasi (Communication, Information, Education) The way to deliver a message directly or indirectly through communication channel to messanger receiver to obtain an effect.
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 47 KRR : Kesehatan Reproduksi Remaja (Youth Reproduction Health) Is the optimum healthy condition phisically, mentally and socially and not solely free of diseases or disabilities in the reproduction system both its function and system.
KSPAN : Kelompok Siswa Peduli AIDS dan Narkoba (AIDS and Narcotics Student Care Group) This group is aimed at preventing HIV/AIDS contagion and the use of drug in the society especially youth.
Lahgun : Penyalahguna (Abuser) Is the abuse of drug for private reason regularly or periodically without medical indication or docter’s prescription.
MOS : Masa Orientasi Siswa (Student Orientation Period) Is a public activity at school to welcome new students.
MoU : Memorandum of Understanding Is a notification, notification page, or notes.
NPS : New Psychoactive Substances The abuse of substance in the original form or modified form.
PKHS : Pendidikan Kecakapan Hidup Sehat (Life Skill Education) Efforts to create qualified individuals based on potential and character.
Posbindu : Pos Binaan Terpadu (integrated Coaching Post) An activity which involves the participation of public or society for the purpose of early warning, monitoring and early follow up of uncontagious diseases risk independet;y and continuously.
PPKUI : Pusat Penelitian Kesehatan Universitas Indonesia (Health Research Center of University of Indonesia) provides health research, training and health services to support national development and growth.
PT : Perguruan Tinggi (College) Is an education unit which provides higher education.
P4GN : Pencegahan, Pemberantasan, Penyalahgunaan, dan Peredaran Gelap Narkoba (Drugs Prevention, Eradication, Abuse and Illicit Tracfiking)
Satgas : satuan tugas (task force) a group of people with the same activity and task.
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 48 SDM : Sumberdaya Manusia (Human Resources) Is a very important factor which cannot be separated from a organization, institution or company. Human resources are also keys in company’s development.
SMA : Sekolah Menengah Atas (Senior High School) Is the Junior Senior High School education in the formal education in Indonesia after graduating from Junior Senior High School (or equivalent)
SMP : Sekolah Menengah Pertama (Junior High School) Is the Junior Senior High School education in the formal education in Indonesia after graduating from Elementary School.
SPP : Sumbangan Pembinaan Pendidikan (Education Coaching Contribution) Aid in education cost
TOT : Training of Trainer Is a training for those who are expected to be trainers and are able to deliver training material to other people.
UI : Universitas Indonesia (University of Indonesia) Is a college in Indonesia.
UKS : Unit Kesehatan Sekolah (School Health Unit) Is health efforts udertaken to improve health at school.
UNODC : United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Is a United Nation office established in 1997 as an office handling with druc control and crime prevention.
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 49 GLOSSARY
A AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome a set of symptoms and infections that arise due to the destruction of the human immune system due to HIV viral infection.
ATS Amphetamine Type Stimulants the name of a group of substances or drugs that have properties as a stimulant of the central nervous system, such as speed and crystal
B BMJ British Medical Journal Is an in part open access journalism with peer assessment
BNN Badan Narkotika Nasional a non-ministerial government agency (LPNK) in Indonesia
BNNP Badan Narkotika Nasional Provinsi is a vertical agency of the National Narcotics Agency Organization (BNN)
BNNK Badan Narkotika Nasional Kabupaten/Kota is a vertical agency of the National Narcotics Agency Organization (BNN) BPS Biro Pusat Statistik (Statistic Indonesia) The non-ministerial government agency responsible directly to the President.
C CBA Cost-Benefit Analysis Benefit cost analysis is an analytical tool with a systematic procedure to compare a set of costs and benefits relevant to an activity or project
CEA Cost-Effectiveness Analysis is a way to choose the best program when different programs with the same goals are available to choose from
COI Cost-of-Illness Cost of the illness suffered by the patient
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 50 D DALYs Disability Adjusted Life Years The size of the overall impact of a disease on a population.DALY combines the impact of premature death (the age of death below life expectancy) with the impact of disability / life inactivity due to an illness)
DSM IV TR Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV Text Revision
G GDP Gross Domestic Product is the value of final goods and services produced by various production units in the territory of a country within a period of one year.
H HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus is a virus that attacks the immune system and weakens the body's ability to fight infections and diseases.
I IDU Injecting Drug User is one of the more specific types of drug users.
Instansi Pemerintah (Government Institution) Central Government and Regional Government Institution including State Owned Enterprise/ Region Owned Enterprise and State Owned Legal Entity.
K Ketergantungan narkotika (Drug Addiction) A condition characterized by an urge to use narcotics on an ongoing basis with increased doses to produce the same effect and when its use is reduced and / or discontinued causing typical physical and psychic symptoms.2
L LSD Lysergic Acid Diethylamide is a type of new chemical that is hallucinogenic
2Pasal 1 Undang-undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 Tentang Narkotika Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 51 N NAPZA Narcotics, Psychotropic and Addictive Substances
NARKOBA Narcotics Psychotropic and other Addictive Materials
Narkotika Substances or medications derived from plants or non-plants, both synthetic and semisynthetic, which may cause a decrease or change of consciousness, loss of taste, reduce to relief of pain, and may cause dependence.3
NSDUH National Survey on Drug Use and Health
NTB West Nusa Tenggara
O OD Over Dose Is a symptom of drug poisoning in excess of the dose that can be received by the body.
ONDCP Office of National Drug and Policy a program that runs as well as a slogan of a drug banning campaign in the form of training of armed forces and direct armed troops intervention provided by the United States federal government by involving other participating countries with a view to eradicating or reducing illegal drug trafficking.
P Pecandu narkotika (Drug Addicts) A person who uses or abuses narcotics and in a state of dependence on narcotics, both physically and psychologically.4
Penyalah guna (Abuse) People who use narcotics without rights or against the law.5
3 Pasal 1 Undang-undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 Tentang Narkotika 4 Article 1 Law Number 35 of 2009 on Drug 5 Article 1 Law Number 35 of 2009 on Drug Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 52 Peredaran gelap narkotika danPrekursor narkotika (Illicit trafficking of narcoticsand Narcotics Precursor Any activity or series of activities conducted unlawfully or unlawfully defined as a narcotic drug narcotics fan precursor.6
Prekursor Narkotika (Narcotics Precursor) Substances or chemicals that can be used in the manufacture of Narcotics.7
Puslitkes UI Health Research Center of University of Indonesia
Q QALYs Quality Adjusted Life Years is a calculation to improve the quality and quantity of life of patients with the intervention of healthcare
R RDS Respondent Driven Sampling Sampling "with mathematical models of sample weights to compensate for the fact that samples were collected in a non-random manner.
Responden (Respondents) The recipient of the public service which is at the time of the enumeration is at the location of the service unit, or who has received service from the service provider apparatus.
6 Article 1 Law Number 35 of 2009 on Drug 7 Article 1 Law Number 35 of 2009 on Drug Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 53
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 54 PREVENTION OF DRUG ABUSE AND ERADICATION OF ILLICIT DRUG TRAFFICKING (P4GN) AT NATIONAL LEVEL
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1. Drug Abuse and Illicit Drug Trafficking at Global Level.
a. Drug Abuse and its Impact on Health.
It was estimated that in 2014, 1 out of 20 adults abused at least 1 type of drug, or an equivalent of 247 million between the age of 15 – 64 years. From that number it is estimated that 29 million suffer from health disorders as an effect from drug abuse, and 12 million among those are injecting drug users (PWID). Among this group 1.6 million have HIV, while 6 million have Hepatitis C. Only 1 out of 6 persons with health disorders from drug abuse gets treatment.
At global level, the abuse of cannabis is relatively stable, although an increase is observed in North America, West and Central Europe, while an increase of cocaine is seen particularly in North America. On the other hand, a stable tendency is seen in the abuse of amphetamines. However, it may not represent the situation at global level, since East Asia and S.E. Asia do not provide the latest data.
Cannabis (marihuana) remains the most abused drug, with an estimation of 183 million in 2014, followed by amphetamines. In the last 10 years the number of treated cannabis abusers has increased in most of the regions. Almost half of the number of treated abusers for cannabis abuse are new admissions. A larger number of young people get treatment for cannabis and amphetamines compared to other drugs.
An estimation of 33 million abuse opiates and prescription opioids, but opioids remain the highest risk to health problems. People who are treated for opioid abuse or cocaine are in the age group of the 30-ties
An overall of three times the number of males tend to take cannabis, cocaine or amphetamines compared to females, while females tend to abuse opioids and tranquilizers.
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 55
An estimated mortality rate from drug abuse is 207,400, a relatively stable rate compared to the previous year. The number of overdose cases is at least one-third to half the number of the death rate from drug abuse, which is largely from opioid abuse. b. Drug Supply and Market. Cannabis is still the most abused drug in the world. However, there is an increase of synthetic narcotics seizures globally. 95% of States have reported narcotics seizures in their countries. Approx. half of the total 2.2 million of seizures were reported to UNODC, followed by seizures of ATS, opioids and cocaine or the like. Circulation through the internet, including online sales (dark net) increasingly escalate by the day. This results in a deep concern on the great potential of dark net that draws the attention of a large number of new drug abusers in the developing countries. Global production of opium in 2015 showed a decrease of 38% or 4,770 tons, caused mainly by a decrease in opium production in Afghanistan (48%). Although there was a decrease of 11% in the opium cultivation area to 183,000 hectares, the extention of cultivation in Afghanistan remains two-third of the global cultivation area.The largest opium seizure occurred in S.E. Asia, followed by Europe. An overall of 75% of the total global seizures of opium, 61% of the total global seizures of morphine, and 17% of the global heroin seizures. There was some increase in the global production of cocaine compared to the previous year, but it was still much lower, 24-27% of the production peak in 2007. There are some signs of increase in the circulation of cocaine in Asia, particularly in East and S.E. Asia and the Middle East. This phenomenon is seen in the increase of seizures in Asia between 2009-2014. However, the annual prevalence of cocaine abuse is globally relatively stable from 1998-2014, i.e. 0.3- 0.4% of the total population between 15-64 years. ATS seizures reached 170 tons in 2014. Since 2009 global seizures of amphetamines have increased to 20-46 tons, while estasy seizures have increased to 9 tons in 2014. The largest seizures of methamphetamines remain annually in North America, while seizures of methamphetamines in East and S.E. Asia increased almost four times in 2014 from the seizures in 2009. Even though data collection was still in process in 2015, 75 new substances have been reported to UNODC. Between 2012-2014 the most reported substance was synthetic cannabinoid. However, the data reported in 2015 showed a different pattern. Reported synthetic cannabinone (20) showed almost the same amount of synthetic cannabinoid (21); secondly, 21 types of substances detected did not belong to one of the identified substances in the previous year, such as synthetic opioid (its derivative fentanyl) and tranquilixers (such as benzodiazepines).
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 56 2. Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking at Regional Level.
The year 2015 showed an increase in the annual seizures of methamphetamine up to five times larger since 2006. Meanwhile, seizures of heroin only increased 75%. This trend of increase was only seen in Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam. Although problems still occur in S.E. Asia concerning the production, circulation/trafficking and abuse of opiates, cu;tivation of opium is stable compared to the year 2014.
Total seizures of crystal methamphetamines and tablets in the regions of East and S.E. Asia in 2015 amounted to 60 tons with an estimation of 34 tons crystal methamphetamines which exceed the total seizures in North America. Seizures of methamphetamine tablets totaled to 287 million, an increase that doubled compared to 2011, most seizures were made in Cambodia, Cina, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam.
The average purity of the methamphetamine tablet remains stable, but the indication of decrease in the price may tend to show an increase in the supply. The average purity of crystal methamphetamine tends to stay high,particularly in Cina and Thailand. Its high price may encourage dealers in and outside the region to expand the market to countries with a high income, such as Japan, Australia, New Zealand and Republic of Korea. It has become a fact that seizures of crystal methamphetamines at the borders of these four countries have escalated rapidly in recent years.
The year 2015 shows an escalation of ecstasy abuse in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand. The total seizure of ecstasy amounted to 3 million tablets. Two-third of the tablets were seized in Indonesia, followed by Cina (21%) and Malaysia (13%). A disclosure indicated that Cina and Malaysia were the countries of production of ecstasy.
Between 2008 and 2016 168 NPS were detected jn East and S.E. Asia, where most of these substances consist of synthetic cathinone (30), followed by synthetic cannabinoid (27), phenetylamines (23), and other types. In 2015 ketamine seizures were made in the region, amounting to 20.4 mt. 99% of these seizures were made in Cina. Cina Law enforcement officers disclosed 113 facilities of illegal ketamine production.
3. Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking at National Level
Based on a National Survey on the Prevalence of Drug Abuse in 2014 conducted by BNN in cooperation with Center of Health Research, University of Indonesia the projection rate of drug abuse in Indonesia in the year 2016 indicated 2.21%, or 4.2 million people have ever abused a drug in the past year (current users) in the age group 10-59 years.
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 57 Another National Survey on the Prevalence of Drug Abuse Among School and University Students in 2016 revealed that the prevalence rate of drug abuse among students between the age of 10 to 30 years is 1.9%, or 2 out of 100 take drugs in the past year. The most drugs abused in the past year are cannabis (marihuana), inhalants, shabu and tramadol. Based on data from BNN Deputy of Rehabilitation 16,185 drug abusers have received Therapy and Rehabilitation Services in 2016; a total of 7,491 AIDS cases were reported by Ministry of Health, where most occurred in the age group of 30-39 years (36.02%) and in the age group of 20-29 years (28.57%). Based on Drug Classification the year 2016 indicates an overall increase in the trend of drug abuse, the largest increase of 26.9% occurred in narcotic cases, from 28,588 cases in 2015 to 36,279 in 2016. As related to classification of drug suspects, the year 2016 indicates an overall increasing trend showing the largest number in narcotic cases, with a total of 47,384 suspects, or an increase of 24,20%. Concerning seizures of drug evidence in the year 2016, the highest increase in percentage occurred in seizures of cannabis seeds indicating a percentage of 25,102.07%, from 6.28 grams to 1,582.69 grams detected in 2015. Seizures of cannabis trees also showed an increase with a percentage of 2,070.48% (2,196,418 trees). In the group of narcotics the largest seizure was made for cocaine, indicating a percentage of 3,401.23%, from 10,54 grams seized in 2015 to 369.03 grams in 2016.
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 58 CHAPTER II PREVENETION OF DRUG ABUSE AND ERADICATION OF ILLICIT TRAFFICKING IN 2016
1. Supply Reduction. a. Drug Cases, Suspects and Drug Crime Evidence from National Police, Republic of Indonesia. Table 1. Ranking of Successful Disclosures Related to Narcotics, Psychotropic Substances and Other Addictive Substances, Based on Region
2016 NO. REGION TOTAL CASES RANKING 1 2 3 4 1. East Java 10,756 I 2. North Sumatera 5,608 II 3. DKI Jakarta 5,561 III 4. West Java 3,354 IV 5. Ast Kalimantan 2,837 V 6. South Kalimantan 2,168 VI 7. South Sumatera 1,643 VII 8. Central Java 1,604 VIII 9. South Central Sulawesi 1,468 IX 10. Riau 1,451 X 11. Aceh 1,444 XI 12. North Central Sulawesi 1,356 XII 13. Lampung 1,183 XIII 14. Bali 931 XIV 15. Central Kalimantan 862 XV 16. West Sumatera 795 XVI 17. Jambi 648 XVII 18. West Kalimantan 534 XVIII 19. DI Yogyakarta 494 XIX 20. Riau Islands 479 XX 21. Banten 438 XXI 22. West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) 384 XXII 23. Central Central Sulawesi 321 XXIII 24. Bangka Belitung 250 XXIV 25. Bengkulu 243 XXV 26. S.E. Central Sulawesi 180 XXVI 27. Papua 178 XXVII 28. West Papua 115 XXVIII 29. West Central Sulawesi 78 XXIX 30. North Maluku 70 XXX 31. Maluku 69 XXXI 32. Gorontalo 45 XXXII 33. East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) 42 XXXIII 34. HQ 178 - TOTAL 47,767 Source : National Police, Republic of Indonesia, March 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 59 Table 2. Ranking of Successful Apprehensions of Suspects Related to Narcotics, Psychotropic Substances and Other Addictive Substances, Based on Region
2016 NO. REGION TOTAL SUSPECTS RANKING 1 2 3 4 1. East Java 12,326 I 2. North Sumatera 7,376 II 3. DKI Jakarta 6,792 III 4. West Java 3,917 IV 5. South Central Sulawesi 3,591 V 6. South Kalimantan 2,677 VI 7. East Kalimantan 2,477 VII 8. Aceh 2,214 VIII 9. South Sumatera 2,163 IX 10. Central Java 2,022 X 11. Lampung 1,979 XI 12. Riau 1,952 XII 13. North Central Sulawesi 1,674 XIII 14. Bali 998 XIV 15. Central Kalimantan 983 XV 16. West Sumatera 970 XVI 17. Riau Islands 657 XVII 18. Jambi 632 XVIII 19. DI Yogyakarta 565 XIX 20. Banten 563 XX 21. S.E. Central Sulawesi 456 XXI 22. Central Central Sulawesi 421 XXII 23. West Kalimantan 327 XXIII 24. Bangka Belitung 307 XXIV 25. Bengkulu 267 XXV 26. West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) 242 XXVI 27. Papua 219 XXVII 28. West Central Sulawesi 128 XXVIII 29. West Papua 126 XXIX 30. North Maluku 87 XXX 31. Maluku 83 XXXI 32. Gorontalo 62 XXXII 33. East Nusa Tenggara (NTB) 60 XXXIII 34. HQ 1,074 - TOTAL 60,387
Source : National Police, Republic of Indonesia, March 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 60 Table 3. Total Foreign Nationals Suspects of Drug Crimes
TOTAL SUSPECTS NO. NATIONALLITY 2016 1 2 3 I. A s i a 1. Malaysia 63 2. Singapore 7 3. Taiwan 13 4. Cina 22 5. Hong Kong 3 6. India 1 7. Saudi Arabia 1 8. Iran 1 9. Papua New Guinea 1 TOTAL 113 II. E r o p e 1. England 4 2. Netherlands 1 3. France 1 4. Portugal 1 5. Russia 1 TOTAL 8 III. A f r i c a 1. Nigeria 6 2. Africa 3 3. Kenya 1 TOTAL 10 IV. Australia 1. Australia 1
TOTAL 1
GRAND TOTAL 132
Source : National Police, Republic of Indonesia, March 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 61 Table 4. Total Drug Evidence, Narcotics, Psychotropic Substances and Other Addictive Substances
TOTAL NO. DRUG EVIDENCE 2016 1 2 3
1. Cannabis Herbs (Grams) 11,191,883.67
2. Cannabis Trees 2,176,418
3. Cannabis Cultivation (Ha) 425
4. Cannabis Seeds (Gram) 1,582.15
5. Heroin (Gram) 1,680.56
6. Cocaine (Gram) 98.99
7. Hashish (Gram) 2,982.96
8. Ecstasy (Tablet) 1,113,274
9. Ecstasy (Gram) 358.43
10. Shabu (Gram) 1,649,385.91
11. Benzodiazepine (Tablet) 723,525
12. Barbiturate (Tablet) 42,952
13. Ketamine (Gram) 7.6
14. Controlled Medicines (Tablet) 4,965,289
15. Alcohol (Bottles) 188,084
16. Alcohol (Liter) 107,970.45
17. Alcohol (Tins) 1,356
Source : National Police, Reppublic of Indonesia, March 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 62 b. Drug Cases, Suspects and Seized Evidence Related to Narcotics, Narcotic Precursors and Money Laundering, from National Narcotics Board (BNN), 2016
Table 5. Ranking of Successful Disclosures of Narcotics and Narcotic Precursors, Based on Region, 2016
2016 NO. REGION TOTAL CASES RANKING 1 2 3 4 1. North Sumatera 99 I 2. South Sumatera 63 II 3. East Kalimantan 62 III 4. Riau Islands 52 IV 5. East Java 47 V 6. Bali 44 VI 7. Central Central Sulawesi 34 VII 8. Central Java 31 VIII 9. Lampung 28 IX 10. South Central Sulawesi 25 X 11. Bangka Belitung Islands 23 XI 12. Riau 22 XII 13. Aceh 20 XIII 14. West Sumatera 20 XIII 15. Papua 18 XIV 16. DIYogyakarta 17 XV 17. Jambi 17 XV 18. Banten 16 XVI 19. South Kalimantan 16 XVI 20. Central Kalimantan 16 XVI 21. North Maluku Utara 16 XVI 22. DKI Jakarta 15 XVII 23. NTB 15 XVII 24. West Java 14 XVIII 25. S.E. Central SulawesiTenggara 14 XVIII 26. Bengkulu 11 XIX 27. West Kalimantan 11 XIX 28. Gorontalo 10 XX 29. West Papua 9 XXI 30. North Central Sulawesi 7 XXII 31. Maluku 6 XXIII 32. West Central Sulawesi 4 XXIV 33. NTT 1 XXV 34. North Kalimantan - 35. BNN 78 TOTAL 881 Source : BNN Deputy of Eradication, March 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 63 Table 6. Ranking of Successful Suspects Apprehension of Narcotics and Narcotic Psychotropic Substances, Based on Region, 2016
2016 NO. REGION TOTAL SUSPECTS RANKING 1 2 3 4 1. North Sumatera 130 I 2. East Kalimantan 104 II 3. Lampung 96 III 4. South Sumatera 92 IV 5. Riau Islands 72 V 6. East Java 56 VI 7. Bali 50 VII 8. Central Central Sulawesi 43 VIII 9. Bangka Belitung Islands 40 IX 10. South Kalimantan 35 X 11. Jambi 34 XI 12. Riau 33 XII 13. South Central Sulawesi 33 XII 14. Central Java 31 XIII 15. DIYogyakarta 28 XIV 16. West Sumatera 28 XIV 17. Banten 26 XV 18. NTB 24 XVI 19. Aceh 22 XVII 20. Bengkulu 22 XVII 21. Central Kalimantan 20 XVIII 22. Papua 20 XVIII 23. West Java 19 XIX 24. West Kalimantan 19 XIX 25. North Maluku 19 XIX 26. DKI Jakarta 18 XX 27. S.E.Central Sulawesi 18 XX 28. North Central Sulawesi 12 XXI 29. Gorontalo 10 XXII 30. West Central Sulawesi 10 XXII 31. West Papua 9 XXIII 32. Maluku 8 XXIV 33. NTT 2 XXV 34. North Kalimantan - 35. BNN 178 TOTAL 1,361
Source : BNN Deputy of Eradication, March 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 64 Table 7. Total Foreign Nationals Suspects of Narcotics, Narcotic Precursors Crimes and Money Laundering, 2016
NO. NATIONALITY/COUNTRY TOTAL SUSPECTS 2016 1 2 3 1. France 1 2. Nigeria 2 3. South Africa 2 4. Malaysia 16 5. Pakistan 4 6. Taiwan 3 7. China 2 8. Cambodia 1 9. Papua New Guinea 2 10. Germany 1 TOTAL 34 Source : BNN Deputy of Eradication, March 2017
Table 8. Total Seized Narcotics and Narcotic Precursors, 2016
NO. SEIZED EVIDENCE TAHUN 2016 1 2 3 1. Cannabis (Herbs) 2,697,615.39 gram 2. Cannabis Seeds 0.54 gram 3. Cannabis Trees 20,000 4. Cannabis Cultivatian area 5 Ha 5. Hashish 0.32 liter 6. Heroin 581.5 gram 7. Cocaine 270.04 gram 8. Morphine 107.44 gram 9. Shabu 981,692.98 gram 10. Ecstasy 504.94 gram & 581,696 tablets 11. MDMA 28 tablets 12. Benzodiazepine 2 tablets 13. Controlled Medicines 5,012 tblets 14. Happy Five 350,841 tablets 15. Ketamine 50 ml 16. Ephedrine 102.1 gram 17. Acetone 10,640 ml 18. Toluene 5,500 ml 19. HCl 30,200 ml 20. H2SO4 14,400 ml 21. Synthetic Cannabinoid (JWH-08- pentyl-H-indol-3-yl-1- 23.5 gram naphthalenyl-methanone) 22. Tetrahidrocannabinol (THC) 9.2 gram Source : BNN Deputy of Eradication, March 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 65 Table 9. Total Seized Money Laundering Assets, 2016
NO. SEIZED EVIDENCE TOTAL IN PROCESS TOTAL 1 2 3 4 5 1. 4-wheel vehicle 42 15 57 2. Motorcycle 11 - 11 3. Forklift 2 - 2 4. House/Apartment 3 8 11 5. House shop 2 5 7 6. Land 43 1 44 7. Jewelry 16 30 46 8. Cash Money (Rp) 4,030,950,277.- 5,945,560,299.- 9,976,510,576.- 9. Bank Account (Rp) 34,430,760,207.- 155,135,137,930.- 189,565,898,137.- Conversion value of 10. goods (Rp) 37,356,004,632.- 24,965,000,000.- 62,321,004,632.- Source : BNN Deputy of Eradication, March 2017
Table 10. Details in Handling Money Laundering Cases, 2016
EVIDENCE DES NO. LKN SUSPECT CASH/ ACCOUNT GOODS / CRIP (Rp.) VALUE (Rp.) TION 1 2 3 4 5 1. LKN/01-TPPU/I/2016/BNN Gunawan Prasetio 8,976,613,600.- 6,915,000,000,- P21 2. LKN/02-TPPU/I/2016/BNN Teoh Wooi Hang 1,531,136,129.- 1,000,000,000.- P21 Tariq Ghous 3. LKN/07-TPPU/II/2016/BNN 1,108,745,478.- 139,000,000,- P21 Muhammad Khan 4. LKN/08-TPPU/II/2016/BNN Nisia Lutfiani 1,074,300,000.- - P21 Kamran Muzaffar P21 5. LKN/09-TPPU/II/2016/BNN 1,101,101,739.- 17,000,000.- Hilda Rizky P21 6. LKN/10-TPPU/II/2016/BNN Agus Wahidin 363,352,438.- - P21 7. LKN/11-TPPU/II/2016/BNN Ernawati 2,800,000.- - P21 Fahrul Razi 1,758,358,475.- 15,945,004,632.- P21 8. LKN/29-TPPU/II/2016/BNN Mukhtaruddin 1,247,750,000.- - P21 9. LKN/38-TPPU/IV/2016/BNN Janti 10,852,491,017.- 1,300,000,000.- P21 Ruslan 209,000,000.- 300,000,000.- Proses Andias 650,872,278.- 2,160,000,000.- Proses 10. LKN/43-TPPU/IV/2016/BNN Tjhioe Hoek Al Edy 3,268,732,741.- 1,170,000,000.- Proses Tiawarman Tjun Hin 400,000,000.- - P21 11. LKN/44-TPPU/IV/2016/BNN Ichwan Lubis - - P21 12. LKN/46-TPPU/IV/2016/BNN Muhammad D. 206,300,000.- 4,500,000,000.- P21 Riawira - 13,100,000,000.- Proses 13. LKN/50-TPPU/IV/2016/BNN Jhony Thamsir - - Proses 14. LKN/55-TPPU/V/2016/BNN To Giman 5,359,000,000.- - P21 15. LKN/57-TPPU/V/2016/BNN Muhammad A. 556,169,293.- 900,000,000.- P21 Loei Kok Min 3,242,857,860.- 2,000,000,000.- Proses 16. LKN/60-TPPU/VI/2016/BNN Cunnedy Wijaya - 55,000,000.- Proses Chandra Halim Als - - P21 17. LKN/62–TPPU/VII/2016/BNN Akiong Bagus Harmoko 1,578,600,000.- 265,000,000.- P 21 Piter Chandra 2,344,792,315.- 6,375,000,000.- Proses 18. LKN/68-TPPU/VIII/2016/BNN Hardjono - 80,000,000.- Proses 19. LKN/77-TPPU/VIII/2016/BNN Sulaiman - 2,900,000,000.- Proses 20. LKN/82-TPPU/IX/2016/BNN Susanto Als W. Y. - 3.200.000.000,- Proses 21. LKN/94-TPPU/XI/2016/BNN Murtala Ilyas 153,709,235,350.- - Proses TOTAL 199,542,408,713.- 62,321,004,632.- Source : BNN Deputy of Eradication, March 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 66 10) Drug Smuggle incoming Routes from Overseas, 2016. a) By Land. (1) PNG – Papua (Jayapura) (2) Malaysia – West Kalimantan (Pontianak) (3) Malaysia – West Kalimantan (Entikong) (4) Malaysia – West Kalimantan (Putussibau) b) Bu Air. (1) Malaysia (Kualalumpur) – Jakarta (2) Malaysia (Kualalumpur) – Surabaya (3) Malaysia (Kualalumpur) – Denpasar Bali (4) Malaysia (Kualalumpur) – Kualanamu Medan (5) Malaysia (Kualalumpur) – Bandung (6) Malaysia (Kualalumpur) – Semarang (7) Malaysia (Kualalumpur) – Makasar (8) Malaysia (Kualalumpur) – Banda Aceh (9) Malaysia (Kualalumpur) – Lombok (10) Malaysia (Penang) – Kualanamu Medan (11) Qatar (Doha) – Jakarta (12) China (Guangzhou) – Jakarta (13) China (Guangzhou) – Singapore – Batam (14) China – Hong Kong – Jakarta (15) Hong Kong – Jakarta (16) Taiwan (Taipei) – Hong Kong – Jakarta (17) Singapore – Denpasar Bali (18) Singapore – Jakarta (19) Thailand (Bangkok) – Jakarta (20) Arab United Emirat (Dubai) – Jakarta (21) United States (Houston) – Singapore – Jakarta (22) Kamerun (Douala) – Turkey (Istanbul) – Jakarta (23) Australia (Melbourne) – Denpasar Bali (24) Nepal – Malaysia (Kualalumpur) – Denpasar c) By Sea. (1) Malaysia (Pasir Gudang) – Batam (2) Malaysia (Kukup) – Tanjung Balai Karimun (3) Malaysia (Stulang Laut) – Batam (4) Malaysia (Stulang Laut) – Tanjung Pinang
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 67 (5) Malaysia (Stulang Laut) – Tanjung Balai Karimun (6) Malaysia (Port Klang) – Tanjung Balai Asahan (7) Malaysia (Johor) – Tanjung Balai Karimun (8) Malaysia – Teluk Nibung (9) Malaysia (Stulang Laut) – Tanjung Pinang – Batam – Surabaya (10) Malaysia (Sabah) – Sungai Nyamuk – Nunukan (11) Malaysia (Tawau) – Nunukan – Pare pare (12) China (Huang Pu) – Tanjung Priok Jakarta (13) China (Shanghai) – Tanjung Priok Jakarta (14) China (Huang Pu) – Semarang (15) China (Huang Pu) – Cikarang Dry Port (16) Hongkong – Tanjung Priok Jakarta (17) Hongkong – Semarang (18) Taiwan (Keelung) – Tanjung Pelepas – Tanjung Priok Jakarta d) By Post / Delivery Services (1) Malaysia (Selangor) – Jakarta (2) Malaysia (Selangor) – Makasar (3) Malaysia (Negeri Sembilan) – Medan (4) Malaysia – Denpasar (5) China – Jakarta (6) China – Hong Kong – Jakarta (7) Taiwan – Jakarta (8) Taiwan – Surabaya (9) Thailand – Semarang (10) Hong Kong – Singapore – Jakarta (11) Iran (Teheran) – Jakarta (12) India – Jakarta (13) Spain – Denpasar (14) Spain – Sorong – Raja Ampat (15) Belanda – Jakarta (16) Netherland – Surabaya (17) Netherland – Makasar (18) United States – Yogyakarta (19) United States – Jakarta / Tangerang (20) Canada – Denpasar (21) Germany – Jakarta (22) England – Jakarta / Tangerang (23) Nigeria – Jakarta / Bogor / Solo (24) Indonesia – Saudi Arabia (Riyadh) (25) Nicaragua – Jakarta – Bali / Surabaya / Batam
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 68 c. Destroyed Narcotics Evidence by National Narcotics Board (BNN), 2016
Table 11. Total Destroyed Powder Narcotics, 2016
NO. TYPE OF DRUG DESTROYED REMARKS
1 2 3 4
1. Shabu 931,144.28 Gram
2. Cocaine 168.5 Gram
3. Heroin 568.8 Gram
4. Cannabis 823,140.1 Gram
Source : BNN Deputy of Eradication, March 2017
Table 12. Total Destroyed Narcotic Tablets, 2016
NO. DRUG EVIDENCE DESTROYED REMARKS
1 2 3 4
1. Ecstasy 553,659 Tablets
Source : BNN Deputy of Eradication, March 2017
Table 13. Total Liquid Narcotics Destroyed 2016
NO. NARCOTICS DESTROYED REMARKS
1 2 3 4
1. Liquid precursor (Acetone) 78,370 Ml
2. Liquid shabu 290 Ml
3. Chlolorometcatinone/4CMC 49,902 Ml
Source : BNN Deputy of Eradication, March 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 69 d. Indonesian Nationals Involved in Overseas Drug Crimes from Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Indonesia, 2016
Table 14. Total Indonesian Nationals Involved in Overseas Drug Crimes, 2016
REGION / COUNTRY / ON NO. TOTAL CASES DONE REPRESENTATIVE GOING 1 2 3 4 5 1. East and S.E. Asia 739 270 469
2. South and Central Asia 5 2 3
3. Central Asia 34 8 26
4. Africa 4 0 4
5. North and Central America 3 2 1
6. South America 17 6 11
7. West Europe 1 0 1 Central and East 8. 3 0 3 Europe 9. Oceania 10 5 5
10. Caribia 0 0 0
TOTAL 816 293 523
*Including those with the death penalty Source : Ministry of Foreign Affairs, March 2017
Table 15. Total Indonesian Nationals Involved in Overseas Drug Crimes and Liable to Capital Punishment, 2016
NO. COUNTRY OF CRIME SCENE TOTAL CASES 1 2 3 1. Malaysia 89
2. China 19
3. Laos 2
4. Singapore 1
TOTAL 111
Source : Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Indonesia, March 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 70 e. Seizures and Ranking of Narcotics from Ministry of Finance, Republic of Indonesia, 2016 Table 16. Total Seized Narcotics at Airports, 2016
NO. SEIZED EVIDENCE 2016 REMARKS 1 2 3 4 1. Cannabis Herbs (Gram) 102.21 2. Hashish (Gram) 3,109.15 3. Ecstasy (Tablet) 415.25 4. Shabu (Gram) 88.067.51 5. Nimetazepam (Happy Five) (Tablet) 6,760
Source : Directorate General of Customs & Excise, Ministry of Finance RI, March 2017
Table 17. Total and Ranking of Seized Cannabis Herbs at Airports, 2016 (Gram)
2016 NO. PROVINCE AIRPORT REMARKS TOTAL RANKING 1 2 3 4 5 6 1. Bali Ngurah Rai 73.37 I Husein 2. West Java 19.84 II Sastranegara 3. Banten Soekarno Hatta 9 III TOTAL 102.21 Source : Directorate General of Customs & Excise, Ministry of Finance RI, March 2017
Table 18. Total and Ranking of Seized Hashish at Airports, 2016 (Gram)
2016 NO. PROVINCE AIRPORT REMARKS TOTAL RANKING 1 2 3 4 5 6 1. Bali Ngurah Rai 2,999.15 I 2. Central Java Ahmad Yani 110 II TOTAL 3,109.15 Source : Directorate General of Customs & Excise, Ministry of Finance RI, March 2017
Table 19. Total and Ranking of Seized Ecstasy at Airports, 2016 (Tablet)
2016 REMARKS NO. PROVINCE AIRPORT TOTAL RANKING . 1 2 3 4 5 6 1. North Sumatera Kualanamu 390.25 I 2. Bali Ngurah Rai 25 II TOTAL 415.25 Source : Directorate General of Customs & Excise, Ministry of Finance RI, March 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 71 Table 20. Total and Ranking of Seized Shabu at Airports, 2016 (Gram)
2016 NO. PROVINCE AIRPORT REMARKS TOTAL RANKING 1 2 3 4 5 6 1. Banten Soekarno Hatta 40,569.1 I 2. Batam Hang Nadim 29,151 II 3. East Java Juanda 9,710 III 4. North Sumatera Kualanamu 2,467 IV 5. NTB Lombok 1,982 V 6. Aceh Sultan Iskandar Muda 1,347 VI 7. Central Sulawesi Sultan Hasanuddin 1,070 VII 8. West Java Husein Sastranegara 1,002.52 VIII 9. Bali Ngurah Rai 532.89 IX 10. Riau Sultan Syarif Kasim II 236 X TOTAL 88,067.51 Source : Directorate General of Customs & Excise, Ministry of Finance RI, March 2017 Table 21. Total and Ranking of Seized Happy Five at Airports (Tablets), 2016
2016 NO. PROVINCE AIRPORT REMARKS TOTAL RANKING 1 2 3 4 5 6 1. North Sumatera Kualanamu 6,750 I 2. Bali Ngurah Rai 10 II TOTAL 6,760 Source : Directorate General of Customs & Excise, Ministry of Finance RI, March 2017 Table 22. Total Seized Narcotics at Ferry Ports, 2016
NO. SEIZED EVIDENCE 2016 REMARKS 1 2 3 4 1. Cannabis Herbs (Gram) 3 2. Heroin (Gram) 0.24 3. Ecstasy (Tablet) 5,119 4. Shabu (Gram) 20,231.8 Source : Directorate General of Customs & Excise, Ministry of Finance RI, March 2017
Table 23. Total and Ranking of Seized Cannabis Herbs at Ferry Ports (Gram), 2016
2016 NO. PROVINCE FERRY PORT REMARKS TOTAL RANKING 1 2 3 4 5 6 1. Riau Islands Tanjung Balai 3 I Karimun TOTAL 3 Source : Directorate General of Customs & Excise, Ministry of Finance RI, March 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 72 Table 24. Total and Ranking of Heroin Seizures at Ferry Ports (Grams), 2016
2016 NO. PROVINCE PORT REMARKS TOTAL RANKING 1 2 3 4 5 6 1. Riau Islands Tanjung Balai Karimun 0.24 I TOTAL 0.24 Source : Directorate General of Customs & Excise, Ministry of Finance RI, March 2017 Table 25. Total and Ranking of Seized Ecstasy at Ferry Port (Tablets), 2016
2016 NO. PROVINCE PORT REMARKS TOTAL RANKING 1 2 3 4 5 6 1. Riau Islands Tanjung Balai 2,979 I
Karimun 2. Riau Islands Batam Center 2,140 II TOTAL 5,119 Source : Directorate General of Customs & Excise, Ministry of Finance RI, March 2017 Table 26. Total and Ranking of Seized Shabu at Ferry Port (Grams), 2016 2016 NO. PROVINCE PORT REMARKS TOTAL RANKING 1 2 3 4 5 6 1. Riau Islands Batam Center 11,991.29 I 2. North Sumatera Teluk Nibung, Tj Balai 2,319.46 II 3. North Tunontaka, Nunukan 2,016.2 III Kalimantan 4. Riau Islands Sri Bintan Pura, 1,548 IV Tanjung Pinang 5. Riau Islands Tanjung Balai Karimun 1,363.25 V 6. North Malundung, Tarakan 993.6 VI Kalimantan TOTAL 20,231.8
Source : Directorate General of Customs & Excise, Ministry of Finance RI, March 2017
Table 27. Total Seized Narcotics at Border Crossing, 2016 NO. SEIZED EVIDENCE 2016 REMARKS 1 2 3 4 1. Cannabis Herbs (Gram) 2 2. Shabu (Gram) 59,592.52 3. Nimetazepam (Happy Five) (Tablet) 12
Source : Directorate General of Customs & Excise, Ministry of Finance RI, March 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 73 Table 28. Total and Ranking of Seized Cannabis at Border Crossing (Gram), 2016 2016 REMAR NO. PROVINCE BORDER CROSSING TOTAL RANKING KS 1 2 3 4 5 6 1. Papua Skow Wutung, Jayapura 2 I TOTAL 2 Source : Directorate General of Customs & Excise, Ministry of Finance RI, March 2017
Table 29. Total and Ranking of Seized Shabu at Border Crossing (Gram), 2016 2016 REMAR NO. PROVINCE BORDER CROSSING TOTAL RANKING KS 1 2 3 4 5 6 1. West Kalimantan Nanga Badu 31,628.3 I 2. West Kalimantan Entikong 27,694.22 II TOTAL 59,322.52 Source : Directorate General of Customs & Excise, Ministry of Finance RI, March 2017
Table 30. Total and Ranking of Seized Nimetazepam (Happy Five) at Border Crossing (Tablets), 2016 2016 REMAR NO. PROVINCE BORDER CROSSING RANKING KS 1 2 3 4 5 6 1. West Kalimantan Entikong 12 I TOTAL 12 Source : Directorate General of Customs & Excise, Ministry of Finance RI, March 2017
Table 31. Total Seized Narcotics at International Cargo Sea Port, 2016 NO. SEIZED EVIDENCE 2016 REMARKS 1 2 3 4 1. Shabu (Gram) 354,384.16 2. Nimetazepam (Happy Five) (Tablet) 300,250 Source : Directorate General of Customs & Excise, Ministry of Finance RI, March 2017
Table 32. Total and Ranking of Seized Shabu at International Cargo Sea Port, 2016 (Gram) 2016 REMAR NO. PROVINCE SEA PORT TOTAL RANKING KS 1 2 3 4 5 6 1. Central Java Tanjung Emas 166,200 I 2. DKI Jakarta Tanjung Priok 120,681.56 II 3. West Java Cikarang Dry Port 67,502.6 III TOTAL 354,384.16 Source : Directorate General of Customs & Excise, Ministry of Finance RI, March 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 74 Table 33. Total and Ranking of Seized Nimetazepam at International Cargo Sea Port (Gram), 2016
2016 NO. PROVINCE SEA PORT REMARKS TOTAL RANKING 1 2 3 4 5 6 1. DKI Jakarta Tanjung Priok 300,520 I TOTAL 300,520 Source : Directorate General of Customs & Excise, Ministry of Finance RI, March 2017
Table 34. Total Seized Narcotics by Post/Delivery Service/Air Cargo, 2016
NO. SEIZED EVIDENCE 2016 1 2 3 1. Cannabis (Gram) 968.91 2. Heroin (Gram) 600 3. Cocaine (Gram) 385 4. Hashish (Gram) 66.4 5. Shabu (Gram) 233,359.89 6. Ecstasy (Tablet) 51,751 7. Nimetazepam (Happy Five) (Tablet) 20,000 Source : Directorate General of Customs & Excise, Ministry of Finance RI, March 2017
Table 35. Total and Ranking of Seized Cannabis by Post/Delivery Service/Air Cargo (Gram), 2016 SEIZED AT 2016 NO PROVINCE POST OFFICE/DELIVERY REMARKS TOTAL RANKING SERVICE/AIR CARGO 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cargo Soekarno Hatta 1. Banten 355 I Airport TPS/UPS Halim Perdana 2. DKI Jakarta 258 II Kusuma Airport 3. Denpasar Renon Post Office 224 III 4. Papua Barat Sorong Post Office 74.91 IV 5. DKI Jakarta Pasar Baru Post Office 57 V TOTAL 968.91 Source : Directorate General of Customs & Excise, Ministry of Finance RI, March 2017
Table 36. Total and Ranking of Seized Heroin by Post/Delivery Service/Air Cargo (Gram), 2016 SEIZED AT 2016 NO PROVINCE POST OFFICE/DELIVERY REMARKS TOTAL RANKING SERVICE/AIR CARGO 1 2 3 4 5 6 1. DKI Jakarta Pasar Baru Post Office 600 I TOTAL 600 Source : Directorate General of Customs & Excise, Ministry of Finance RI, March 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 75 Table 37. Total and Ranking of Seized Cocaine by Post/Delivery Service/Air Cargo (Gram), 2016
SEIZED AT 2016 POST OFFICE/ NO PROVINCE REMARKS DELIVERY SERVICE/ TOTAL RANKING AIR CARGO 1 2 3 4 5 6 TPS/UPS Halim 1. DKI Jakarta Perdana Kusuma 385 I Airport TOTAL 385 Source : Directorate General of Customs & Excise, Ministry of Finance RI, March 2017
Table 38. Total and Ranking of Seized Hashish by Post/Delivery Service/Air Cargo (Gram), 2016
SSEIZED AT 2016 NO PROVINCE POST OFFICE/ REMARKS DELIVERY SERVICE/ TOTAL RANKING AIR CARGO 1 2 3 4 5 6 Pasar Baru Post 1. DKI Jakarta Office 66.4 I TOTAL 66.4 Source : Directorate General of Customs & Excise, Ministry of Finance RI, March 2017
Table 39. Total and Ranking of Seized Shabu by Post/Delivery Service/Air Cargo (Gram), 2016
SEIZED AT 2016 POST OFFICE/ NO PROVINCE REMARKS DELIVERY SERVICE/ TOTAL RAN- AIR CARGO KING 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cargo, Soekarno Hatta 1. Banten 226,295.8 I Airport TPS/UPS Halim 2. DKI Jakarta Perdana Kusuma 3,204 II Airport 3. DKI Jakarta Pasar Baru Post Office 1,560.4 III North 4. Medan Post Office 1,002 IV Sumatera 5. Central Java Surakarta Post Office 602 V South Central 6. Makasar Post Office 415 VI Sulawesi 7. Central Java Semarang Post Office 243,5 VII 8. Denpasar Renon Post Office 37.19 VIII TOTAL 233,359.89 Source : Directorate General of Customs & Excise, Ministry of Finance RI, March 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 76 Table 40. Total and Ranking of Seized Ecstasy at Post/Delivery Service/Air Cargo (Gram) 2016
SEIZED AT 2016 POST OFFICE/DELIVE NO PROVINCE REMARKS RY SERVICE/AIR TOTAL RANKING CARGO 1 2 3 4 5 6 1. DKI Jakarta Pasar Baru Post Office 50,595 1 2. Central Java Semarang Post Office 1,000 2 South Central 3. Makasar Post Office 156 3 Sulawesi TOTAL 51,751 Source : Directorate General of Customs & Excise, Ministry of Finance RI, March 2017
Table 41. Total and Ranking of Seized Nimetazepam/Happy Five (Tablets), 2016
SEIZED AT 2016 NO PROVINCE POST OFFICE/DELIVERY TOTAL RANKING REMARKS SERVICE/AIR CARGO 1 2 3 4 5 6 1. East Java Juanda Post Office 20,000 1 TOTAL 20,000 Source : Directorate General of Customs & Excise, Ministry of Finance RI, March 2017
Table 42. Total Narcotic Suspects Apprehended at Airports, Sea Ports and Border Crossing Based on Nationality, 2016
NO. NATIONALITY/COUNTRY TOTAL SUSPECTS 2016 1 2 3 1. Indonesia 152 2. Malaysia 41 3. China 8 4. Neetherlands 1 5. Taiwan 2 6. South Africa 2 7. Singapore 2 8. England 2 9. France 1 10. India 1 11. Russia 1 12. New Zealand 1 13. Pakistan 1 14. Iran 2 15. Kenya 1 16. Papua New Guinea 2 TOTAL Source : Directorate General of Customs & Excise, Ministry of Finance RI, March 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 77 Table 43. Total Apprehended Narcotic Suspects at Airports, Sea Ports and Border Crossing Based on Gender NO. GENDER TOTAL SUSPECTS 2016 1 2 3 1. Male 194 2. Female 26 TOTAL 220 Source : Directorate General of Customs & Excise, Ministry of Finance RI, March 2017
f. Prisoners and Detainees of Drug Cases throughout Indonesia, data from Ministry of Justice and Human Rights Republic of Indonesia.
Table 44. Total Number of Prisoners and Detainees of Drug Cases throughout Indonesia up to December 2016 Based on Location of the Regional Office
NO. REGIONAL OFFICE TOTAL PRISONERS AND DETAINEES 2016 1 2 3 1. Aceh 2,287 2. Bali 794 3. Bangka Belitung 742 4. Banten 4,187 5. Bengkulu 518 6. DI Yogyakarta 309 7. DKI Jakarta 11,699 8. Gorontalo 71 9. Jambi 1,665 10. West Java 8,623 11. Central Java 2,819 12. East Java 4,360 13. West Kalimantan 1,404 14. South Kalimantan 3,759 15. Central Kalimantan 1,000 16. East Kalimantan 6,037 17. Riau Islands 2,038 18. Lampung 2,158 19. Maluku 152 20. North Maluku 69 21. West Nusa Tenggara 175 22. East Nusa Tenggara 12 23. Papua 35 24. West Papua 146 25. Riau 3,641 26. West Central Sulawesi 247 27. South Central Sulawesi 3,408 28. Central Central Sulawesi 138 29. S.E. Central Sulawesi 442 30. North Central Sulawesi 38 31. West Sumatera 1,392 32. South Sumatera 4,173 33. North Sumatera 12,968 TOTAL 81,506 Source : Ditgen of Ministry of Correctional Institution Ministry of Justice & Human Rights RI, March 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 78 Table 45. Total Prisoners and Detainees of Drug Cases Throughout Indonesia up to December 2016 Based on Location of the Regional Office (Supplier/Dealer and Drug Abuser)
DRUG CASE NO. REGIONAL OFFICE TOTAL SUPPLIER/DEALER ABUSER 1 2 3 4 5 1. Aceh 1,368 919 2,287 2. Bali 533 261 794 3. Bangka Belitung 632 110 742 4. Banten 1,857 2,330 4,187 5. Bengkulu 427 91 518 6. DI Yogyakarta 169 140 309 7. DKI Jakarta 7,998 3,701 11,699 8. Gorontalo 0 71 71 9. Jambi 1,201 464 1,665 10. West Java 7,236 1,387 8,623 11. Central Java 1,940 879 2,819 12. East Java 1,162 3,198 4,360 13. West Kalimantan 666 738 1,404 14. South Kalimantan 2,692 1,067 3,759 15. Central Kalimantan 595 405 1,000 16. East Kalimantan 3,840 2,197 6,037 17. Riau Islands 1,464 574 2,038 18. Lampung 1,311 847 2,158 19. Maluku 38 114 152 20. North Maluku 65 4 69 21. West Nusa Tenggara 106 69 175 22. East Nusa Tenggara 2 10 12 23. Papua 23 12 35 24. West Papua 137 9 146 25. Riau 3,019 622 3,641 26. West Central Sulawesi 193 54 247 27. South Central Sulawesi 1,765 1,643 3,408 28. Central Central Sulawesi 15 123 138 29. S.E. Central Sulawesi 305 137 442 30. North Central Sulawesi 10 28 38 31. West Sumatera 784 608 1,392 32. South Sumatera 2,920 1,253 4,173 33. North Sumatera 8,596 4,372 12,968 TOTAL 53,069 28,437 81,506
Source : Ditgen of Ministry of Correctional Institution Ministry of Justice & Human Rights RI, March 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 79 Table 46. Total Prisoners and Detainees in Special Narcotic Prisons Throughout Indonesia, 2016
CONTENTS REGIONAL % NO. WORK UNIT DETA- PRI- TO- CAPACITY OFFICE CAPACITY INEES SONERS TAL 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1. Narcotic prison Class II A West Java 529 579 1,108 793 140 Bandung 2. Narcotic Prison Class II A Papua 67 220 287 308 93 Jayapura 3. Narotic Prison Class II A East Java 0 99 99 200 50 Madiun 4. Narcotic Prison Class II A Central Java 0 280 280 245 114 Nusakambangan 5. Narcotic Prison Class II A Soouth 3 804 807 368 219 Sungguminasa Sulawesi 6. Narcotic Prison Class II A Riau Islands 0 238 238 620 38 Tanjung Pinang 7. Narcotic Prison Class III North 0 555 555 126 440 Langkat Sumatera 8. Narcotic Prison Class III Jambi 36 320 356 362 98 Muara Sabak 9. Narcotic Prison Class II A Lampung 0 900 900 168 536 Bandar Lampung 10. Narcotic Prison Class II A DKI Jakarta 175 2,993 3,168 1,084 292 Cipinang 11. Narcotic Prison Class II A West Java 0 855 855 455 188 Cirebon 12. Narcotic Prison Class II A South 0 1,221 1,221 800 153 Karang Intan Kalimantan 13. Narcotic Prison Class II A South 49 457 506 198 256 Lubuk Linggau Sumatera 14. Narcotic Prison Class II A East Java 0 742 742 1.234 60 Pamekasan 15. Narcotic Prison Class II A North 0 491 491 420 117 Pematang Siantar Sumatera 16. Narcotic Prison Class II A DI Yogya- 29 188 217 565 38 Yogyakarta karta 17. Narcotic Prison Class III Central 52 268 320 200 160 Kasongan Kalimantan 18. Narcotic Prison Class III Aceh 0 268 268 800 34 Langsa 19. Narcotic Prison Class III Bangka 95 503 598 450 133 Pangkal Pinang Belitung 20. Narcotic Prison Class III East 0 1,005 1,005 352 286 Samarinda Kalimantan TOTAL 1,035 12,968 14,021 9,748 3,445
Source : Ditgen of Ministry of Correctional Institution Ministry of Justice & Human Rights RI, March 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 80 g. Detainees of Narcotic Cases Throughout Indonesia from BNN, 2016
Table 47. Total BNN Detainees of Narcotic Cases Based on Nationality, 2016
NO. NATIONALITY/COUNTRY TOTAL DETAINEES 2016 1 2 3 1. Indonesia 227 2. Malaysia 7 3. Nigeria 1 4. China 2 5. USA 1 6. Pakistan 3 7. Taiwan 2 8. South Africa 1 9. Cambodia 1 TOTAL 245
Source : BNN Deputy of Eradication, March 2017
Table 48. Total BNN Detainees of Narcotic Cases Based on Gender, 2016
NO. GENDER TOTAL DETAINEES 2016 1 2 3 1. Male 216 2. Female 29 TOTAL 245
Source : BNN Deputy of Eradication, March 2017
Table 49. Total BNN Detainees of Narcotic Cases Based on Age Group, 2016
NO. AGE GROUP TOTAL DETAINEES 2016 1 2 4 1. < 16 years - 2. 16 – 20 5 3. 21 – 25 23 4. 26 – 30 36 5. 31 – 35 56 6. 36 – 40 48 7. 41 – 45 38 8. 46 – 50 21 9. > 50 13 10 Unknown 5 TOTAL 245
Source : BNN Deputy of Eradication, March 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 81 h. Total Settlement of Cases Related to Narcotics and Psychotropic Substances by Province, Foreign and Indonesian Death Convicted for Narcotic and Psychotropic Substances Cases, and Executed Death Convicts from Attorney General Office Republic of Indonesia, 2016 Table 50. Total Settlements of Narcotic and Psychotropic Substances Cases by Region, 2016
TOTAL CASES SETTLED NO. REGION PSYCHOTROPIC TOTAL NARCOTICS SUBSTANCES 1 2 3 4 5 1. Aceh 774 78 852 2. North Sumatera 8,763 10 8,773 3. West Sumatera 612 2 614 4. Riau 1,264 0 1,264 5. Jambi 715 32 747 6. South Sumatera 1,467 87 1.554 7. Bengkulu 238 0 238 8. Lampung 1,377 0 1,377 9. Dki Jakarta 2,599 10 2,609 10. West Java 2,474 92 2,566 11. Central Java 928 24 952 12. D.I. Yogyakarta 149 51 200 13. West Java 2,459 110 2.569 14. West Kalimantan 470 8 478 15. Central Kalimantan 379 0 379 16. South Kalimantan 1,271 0 1,271 17. East Kalimantan 2,011 7 2,018 18. North Central Sulawesi 31 0 31 19. Central Central Sulawesi 222 0 222 20. S.E.Central Sulawesi 209 6 215 21. South Central Sulawesi 1,554 12 1,566 22. Bali 479 1 480 23. West Nusa Tenggara 269 8 277 24. East Nusa Tenggara 29 0 29 25. Maluku 50 0 50 26. Papua 98 0 98 27. North Maluku 21 0 21 28. Banten 942 0 942 29. Bangka Belitung 215 29 244 30. Gorontalo 9 0 9 31. Riau Islands 234 0 234 TOTAL 32,312 567 32,879 Source : Attorney General Office Republic of Indonesia, Marech 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 82 Table 51. Death Convicts of Narcotic and Psychotropic Substances Cases Who have Followed Common Legal Efforts, 2016
NO. NATIONALITY/OOUNTRY PRISON TOTAL REMARKS 1 2 3 4 5 1. Indonesian Nationals - Tanjung Gusta Prison, Medan 44 - Class II B Prison, Tanjung Balai - Class II A Prison, Pekanbaru - Class I A Prison, Pekanbaru - Pasir Putih Prison, Nusa Kambangan - Barelang Prison, Batam - Merah Mata Prison, Palembang - Cipinang Prison - Raja Basa Prison, Bandar Lampung 2. Nigeria - Pasir Putih Prison, Nusa 6 Kambangan - Class II A Prison, Pekanbaru. 3. Malaysia - Besi Prison, Nusa Kambangan. 6 - Raja Basa Prison, Bandar Lampung 4. Zimbabwe - Pasir Putih Prison, Nusa 2 Kambangan 5. China - Pasir Putih Prison, Nusa 4 Kambangan 6. Iran - Class I Prison, Cirebon 2 7. India - Pasir Putih Prison, Nusa 1 Kambangan 8. Pakistan - Pasir Putih Prison, Nusa 1 Kambangan 9. France - Pasir Putih Prison, Nusa 1 Kambangan 10. England - Kerobokan Prison, Denpasar 2 - Pemuda Kota Prison, Tangerang 11. Philippines - Yogyakarta Prison 1 12. South Africa - Porong Prison, Sidoardjo 1 TOTAL 71
Source : Attorney General’s Office, Republic of Indonesia, March 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 83 i. Results of Tested Evidence of Crimes Related to Narcotics, Psychotropic Substances and Addictive Substanes from National Agency for Food and Drugs Control, (BPOM) Table 52. Recapitulation of Tested Evidence of Crimes Related to Narcotics, Psychotropic Substances and Addictive Substances, 2016
RESULTS TTL NARCOTICS NO. BPOM OFFICE SAM- TTL HE- CAN- METHAMPHETA- PLES MDMA ROIN NABIS MINE (SHABU) 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 1. BBPOM Bandar Lampung 15 3 11 1 15 2. BBPOM Bandung 610 1 127 307 15 450 3. BBPOM Banjarmasin 1,234 9 600 69 678 4. BBPOM Jayapura 208 141 63 1 205 5. BBPOM Manado 28 4 20 24 6. BBPOM Mataram 344 52 277 15 344 7. BBPOM Padang 292 121 167 4 292 8. BBPOM Pekanbaru 416 73 309 32 414 9. BBPOM Pontianak 681 17 577 87 681 10. BBPOM Samarinda 318 1 259 3 263 11. BPOM Ambon 67 13 50 63 12. BPOM Bengkulu 240 70 170 240 13. BPOM Gorontalo 40 4 35 39 14. BPOM Palangkaraya 223 104 4 108 15. BPOM Palu 55 54 54 T O T A L 4,771 1 635 3,003 231 3,870 Source : National Agency for Food and Drugs Control, March 2017
Table 53. Recapitulation of Tested Evidence Related to Narcotics, Psychotropic Substances and Addictive Substances (continued) 2016
RESULTS PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES NO. BPOM Office BRO- CLO- TTL ALPRA- DIAZE- LORA- NITRA- MAZE- NAZE ZOLAM PAM ZEPAM ZEPAM PAM PAM 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 1. BBPOM Bandar Lampung 2. BBPOM Bandung 42 1 15 5 5 4 72 3. BBPOM Banjarmasin 4. BBPOM Jayapura 5. BBPOM Manado 4 4 6. BBPOM Mataram 7. BBPOM Padang 8. BBPOM Pekanbaru 9. BBPOM Pontianak 10. BBPOM Samarinda 11. BPOM Ambon 12. BPOM Bengkulu 13. BPOM Gorontalo 1 1 14. BPOM Palangkaraya 15. BPOM Palu 1 1 T O T A L 47 1 15 6 5 4 78 Source : National Agency for Food and Drugs Control, March 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 84 Table 54. Recapitulation of Tested Evidence of Crimes Related to Narcotics, Psychotropic Substances and Addictive Subtances, 2016 (continued)
RESULTS ADDICTIVE SUBSTANCES
TRI- DEK- NO. BPOM OFFICE CARI- TTL TRA C HEK- SOME- PARA- KA- KE- SOP- MA- T SIFE- THOR- CETA- FE- TA- RO- DOL M NIDIL PHAN MOL IN MIN DOL (THP) HBR 1 2 5 6 7 8 9 13 1 BBPOM Bandar
Lampung 2 BBPOM Bandung 35 2 35 10 2 3 1 88 3 BBPOM 1 3 109 443 556 Banjarmasin 4 BBPOM Jayapura 3 5 BBPOM Manado 6 BBPOM Mataram 7 BBPOM Padang 8 BBPOM 1 1 2 Pekanbaru 9 BBPOM Pontianak 10 BBPOM 55 55 Samarinda 11 BPOM Ambon 1 1 1 1 4 12 BPOM Bengkulu 13 BPOM Gorontalo 14 BPOM 8 107 115 Palangkaraya 15 BPOM Palu T O T A L 36 2 96 128 553 5 2 1 823 Source : National Agency for Food and Drugs Control, March 2017
j. Recommendations for Non-Pharmaceutical Precursors Issued by BNN, 2016
Table 55. Total Recommendations Issued, 2016
TYPE OF IMPORT/EXPORT NO. COMPANY NAME OF PRECURSOR REQUEST REQUIREMENT 1 2 3 4 5 1. PT. AIK Moh Perpanjangan Chemicals Indonesia Penunjukkan IT SPI Acetone 50 Tons HCL 32 Tons MEK 14 Tons Toluene 32 Tons
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 85 1 2 3 4 5 2. PT. AKR Corporindo Penunjukkan Tbk Sebagai IT Prekursor SPI Sulphuric Acid 48,000 MT 3. PT. Anugerah Harum Penujukkan Persada Sebagai IT Prekursor 4. PT. Asahimas SPE HCL 33% 11,000 MT Chemical 5. PT. EDF System SPI Butanone (MEK) 5,350 MT Integration 6. PT. Elang Kurnia SPI Hydrochloric Acid 34,000 Kg Sakti 7. PT. Halim Sakti SPI Potassium 22.5 MT Pratama Permanganate 8. PT. Indochemical Penunjukkan Citra Kimia Sebagai IT Prekursor SPI Acetone 19,000 MT MEK 19,000 MT Toluene 92,000 MT 9. PT. Indofa Utama SPI Hydrochloric Acid 0.1 24 Liters Multicore Mol/L Hydrochloric Acid 4,500 Liters Min.37%, Purris Sulfuric Acid 0.1 Mol/L 24 Liters 0,2N Sulfuric Acid 95-97% 4,500 Liters Sulfuric Acid Standard 24 Liters Solution Toluene Purris 370 Liters 10. PT. Itochu Indonesia Perpanjangan Penunjukkan IT SPI Acetone 9,000 Tons Dietil Ether 120 Tons Hydrochloric Acid 25,500Liters MEK 9,000 Tons Toluene 27,000 Tons 11. PT. Jatika Nusa Perpanjangan Penunjukkan
Sebagai IT Prekursor SPI Phenyl Acetic Acid 1,500 Kg Piperonal 10,000 Kg Potassium Permangate 160,000 Kg
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 86 1 2 3 4 5 12. PT. Karunia Jasindo SPI 0,05 mo1 / Sulfuric Acid 25 Liters (N/10) 0,1 Mol / L Hydrochloric 50 Liters Acid (N/10) 0,5 Mo1/L Hydrochloric 25 Liters Acid (N/2) 1 Mol / L Hydrochloric 25 Liter Acid Acetid Anhydride 800 Liters Acetone 2.800 Liters Diethyl Ether 400 Liters Hydrochloric Acid 1.425 Liters Hydrochloric Acid 37 % 1.350 Liters MEK 80 Liters Sulfuric Acid 1.375 Liters Sulfuric Acid 98 % 1.350 Liters Toluene 3.600 Liters 13. PT. Makro Jaya SPI Acetone 900 Liters MEK 900 Liter 14. PT. Marga Cipta SPI Acetone 350 MT Selaras MEK 700 MT Toluene 500 MT 15. PT. Merck Chemicals SPI Acetone 3.000 Liter adn Life Sciences Antranilate Acid and its 10 Kg salts Fenilasetate Acid and 20 Kg its salt Sulphuric Acid 900 Ampul 30 Kg 75.000 Liter Asetat Anhidride 700 Liter Butanone 1.000 Liter Dietil Ether 35.000 Liter HCL 3.500 Ampul 90.000 Liter Piperidine and its salts 20 Kg 20 Liter Potassium 500 Ampul Permanganate 500 Kg 100 Liter Toluene 18.000 Liter 16. PT. Multi Eka Extention of Chemicalindo Appointment for Precursor IT SPI Hydrochloric Acid 37 % 3.000 Liter Hydrochloric Acid 3.000 Liter Acipur Sulphuric Acid 98% 2.000 Liter Sulphuric Acid Acipur 1.500 Liter
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 87 1 2 3 4 5 17. PT. Multiredjeki Kita SPI Acetone 6.800 Liter Hydrochloric Acid 2.500 Liter Sulphuric Acid 2.500 Liter 18. PT. Mulya Adhi SPI Acetone 12.000 MT Paramita MEK 12.700 MT Toluene 51.000 MT 19. PT. Nagase Impor SPI HCL 36% 800 Kg Ekspor Indonesia Hydrochloric Acid 800 Kg 20. PT. Pabrik Kertas PEN Acetone 1.000 MT Tjiwi Kimia Co.,Ltd Hydrochloric Acid 32% 249,6 Ton 21. PT. PKG Lautan SPI Acetone 4.000 Ton Indonesia MEK 4.000 Ton Toluene 12.000 Ton 22. PT. Printechnindo Extention of Raya Utama Precursor IT 23. PT. Prochem Tritama SPI Acetone 14.400 Kg HCL 113.920 Kg MEK 400 Kg 24. PT. Purytek Tunggal Appoinntment Prima ad Precursor IT 25. PT. Rukun Persada Extention of Makmur Appointment ad Precursor IT SPI Piperonal 1.000 Kg (Heliotropine) Potassium 107,5 MT Permanganate 26. PT. Samchem Extention of Prasandha Appointment as IT SPI Acetone 1.040 MT MEK 1.800 MT Toluene 3.500 MT 27. PT. Sari Sarana Extention as Kimiatama Precursor IT SPI Acetone 900 MT MEK 5.000 MT Toluene 12.000 MT 28. PT. Silaris Food SPI Indonesia
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 88 1 2 3 4 5 29. PT. Udaya Anugerah Extention as IT Abadi SPI Acetone 1.000 MT MEK 4.000 MT Toluene 16.000 MT 30. PT. Fanindo SPI Acetone 28.000 Liter Chiptonic MEK 8.000 Liter Toluene 15.000 Liter Source : BNN Deputy of Eradication, March 2017 Note: 1. SPI : Recommendation for Letter of Approval for the Import of Precursor Chemicals 2. SPE : Recommendation for Letter of Approval for the Export Precursor Chemicals 3. PEN : Pre Eksport Notification 4. Appointment as IT : Recommendation for Appointment as Registered Importer of Non- Pharmaceuticals 5. Extention of Appointment as IT : Recommendation for Extention of Appointment as Registered Importer of Precursors
k. Results of Laboratory Sample Testing of Drugs and List of NPS and their Salts in circulation and their Salts, from BNN, 2016
Table 56. Total Results of Drug Laboratory Testing by BNN Drug Laboratory, 2016
PSYCHOTRO- NARCOTICS PRECURSORS NPS NEGATIVE PIC SUBST. NO. MONTH RAW RAW RAW RAW RAW TTL MATE- URINE MA- URNE MA- URINE MA- URINE MA- URINE RIAL TERIAL TERIAL TERIAL TERIAL
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1. JanuarY 1,420 132 3 0 0 0 5 0 4 38 1,602 2. FebruarY 1,812 170 6 0 0 0 1 0 14 68 2,071 3. March 1,437 146 12 0 0 0 0 0 12 46 1,653 4. April 1,852 194 15 0 1 0 1 0 30 100 2,193 5. May 1,240 86 7 0 0 0 0 0 18 63 1,414 6, June 1,404 132 12 0 0 0 0 0 24 25 1,597 7. July 772 50 2 0 0 0 2 0 1 16 843 8. August 1,691 144 5 0 11 0 0 0 14 48 1,913 9. Septemb er 1,492 134 3 0 0 0 1 0 47 36 1,713 10. October 1,677 119 3 0 2 0 6 0 97 83 1,987 11. November 1,572 160 8 0 0 0 8 0 28 50 1,826 12. December 1,234 134 7 0 0 0 0 0 26 43 1,444 TOTAL 17,603 1,601 83 0 14 0 24 0 315 616 20,256 Source : BNN Drug Testing Laboratory, March 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 89 Table 57. List of NPS and their Derivatives in Circulation in Indonesia.
NO. NAME OF SUBSTANCE ( IUPAC) EFFECTS COMMON NAME TYPE 1 2 3 4 5 Controlled in Annex of Minister of Health Regulation No. 2 of 2017 1. 2-methylamino-1-(3,4- Stimulant, hallucinongen, Methylone Derivative of methylenedioxyphenyl)propan-1-one insomnia and (MDMC) Cathinone Sympathomimetic 2. (RS)-2-methylamino-1-(4- Stimulant, increase heart Mephedrone (4- Derivative of methylpenhyl)propan-1-one rate, harmful MMC) Cathinone 3. (±)-1-phenyl-2-(methylamino)pentan- Psychostimulant Pentedrone Derivativ of 1-one Cathinone 4. (RS)-2-ethylamino-1-(4- Stmulant with 4-MEC Derivatice of methylphenyl)propan-1-one empathogenic effect Cathinone 5. (RS)-1-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-2- euphoria, stimulant, MDPV Derivative of (pyrrolidin-1-yl)pentan-1-one aphrodisiac and Cathinone empathogenic effects 6. (RS)-2-ethylamino-1-phenyl-propan- Psychostimulant Ethcathinone (N- Derivative of 1-one ethylcathinone) Cathinone 7. (RS)-1-(4-methylphenyl)-2-(1- Psychostimulant MPHP Derivative pyrrolidinyl)-1-hexanone ofCathinone 8. (1-pentyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-1- Hallucinogen, canna- JWH-018 Synthetic naphthalenyl-methanone binoid effect and toxic Cannabinoid 9. (1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indol-3- Hallucinogen, canna- XLR-11 Synthetic yl)2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)- binoid effect and toxic Cannabinoid methanone 10. N,N-2-dimethyl-1-phenylpropan-2- Stimulant, less effect than DMA (Dimethyl- Derivative of amine methamphetamine amphetamine) Phenethylamine 11. 5-(2-aminopropyl)benzofuran Stimulant, empathogenic 5-APB Derivative of Phenethylamine 12. 6-(2-aminopropyl)benzofuran Euphoria 6-APB Derivative of Phenethylamine 13. 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-methyl- Stimulant, hallucinogen, PMMA Derivative of propan-2-amine insomnia and Phenethylamine Sympathomimetic 14. 2-(4-Bromo-2,5- Hallucinogen 2C-B Derivative of dimethoxyphenyl)ethanamine Phenethylamine 15. 1-(4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxy- Euphoria, archetypal DOC Derivative of phenyl)propan-2-amine psychedelic Phenethylamine 16. 2-(4-Iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N- Stimulant, hallucinogen, 25I-NBOMe Derivative of [(2- and Toxic Phenethylamine methoxypehyl)methyl]ethanamine 17. 2-(4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N- Stimulant, hallucinogen, 25B-NBOMe Derivative of [(2- and Toxic Phenethylamine methoxypehyl)methyl]ethanamine 18. 2-(4-Chloro-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N- Stimulant, hallucinogen, 25C-NBOMe Derivative of [(2- and Toxic Phenethylamine methoxypehyl)methyl]ethanamine 19. Catha edulis mengandung cathinone Psychostimulant Khat Plant Cathinone dan dan cathine contains Cathine Cathinone dan Cathine 20. 5-fluoro AKB48 Hallucinogen, canna- 5-fluoro AKB 48 Synthetic binoid effect and toxic Cannabinoid 21. MAM 2201 Hallucinogen, canna- MAM 2201 Synthetic binoid effect and toxic Cannabinoid 22. 1-benzofuran-4-yl-propan-2-amine Stimulant, hallucinogen, 4 APB Derivative of and Toxic Phenethylamine 23. 1-Benzylpiperazine Euphoria, increase of BZP Deerivative of heart rate, pupil dilation, Piperazine and Toxic
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 90 1 2 3 4 5 24. 1-(3-Chlorophenyl)piperazine Euphoria, increase of mCPP Derivative of heart rate, pupil Piperazine dilation, and Toxic 25. 1-(3-Trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine Euphoria, increase of TFMPP Derivative of heart rate, pupil Piperazine dilation, and Toxic 26. 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-methyl-ethylamine Euphoria, empathy, α-MT Derivative of psychedelic, stimulant, Tryptamine and anxiety 27. 3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-ethylchatinone Stimulant, euphoria Ethylone (bk- Derivative of MDEA,MDEC) Cathinone 28. 4-methyl buphedrone Stimulant, euphoria Buphedrone Derivative of Cathinone 29. 5-methoxy N,N- Stimulant, hallucinogen 5-MeO-MiPT Derivative of methylisopropyltryptamine Tryptamine 30. (1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indol-3- Hallucinogen, canna- FUB-144 Synthetic yl)(2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl) binoid effect and toxic Cannabinoid methanone 31. N-[(1S)-1-(aminocarbonyl)-2- Hallucinogen, canna- AB-CHMINACA Synthetic methylpropyl)]-1-(cyclohexylmethyl)- binoid effect andtoxic Cannabinoid 1H-indazole-3-carboxamide 32. N-[(1S)-1-(aminocarbonyl)-2- Hallucinogen, canna- AB-FUBINACA Synthetic methylpropyl]-1-[(4-fluorophenyl) binoid effect and toxic Cannabinoid methyl]-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide 33. Naphthalen-1-yl-(-4- Hallucinogenn, efek CB 13 Synthetic pentyloxynaphthalen-1-yl) methanone cannabinoid dan toxic Cannabinoid 34. 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2- Stimulant, euphoria 4-chloro Derivative of (methylamino)propan-1-one Metchatinone Cathinone 35. Methyl 2-({1-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]- Hallucinogen, canna- FUB-AMB Synthetic 1H-indazole-3-carbonyl}amino)-3- binoid effect and toxic Cannabinoid methylbutanoate 36. N-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)- Hallucinogen, canna- AB-PINACA Synthetic 1-pentyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide binoid effect and toxic Cannabinoid 37. [1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazol-3- Hallucinogen, canna- THJ-2201 Synthetic yl](naphthalen-1-yl)methanone binoid effect and toxic Cannabinoid 38. 1-naphthalenyl(1-pentyl-1H-indazol-3- Hallucinogen, canna- THJ-018 Synthetic yl)-methanone binoid effect and toxic Cannabinoid 39. N-(1-Amino-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan- Hallucinogen, canna- ADB-FUBINACA Synthetic 2-yl)-1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3- binoid effect and toxic Cannabinoid carboxamide 40. N-(1-Amino-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan- Hallucinogen, canna- ADB-CHMINACA Synthetic 2-yl)-1-(cyclohexymethyl)-1H-indazole- binoid effect and toxic Cannabinoid 3-carboxamide 41. Methyl 2-{[1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1H- Hallucinogen, canna- MDMB-CHMICA Synthetic indol-3-yl]formamido}-3,3- binoid effect and toxic Cannabinoid dimethylbutanoate 42. Methyl (S)-2-[1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H- Hallucinogen, canna- 5-fluoro ADB Synthetic indazole-3-carboxamido]-3,3- binoid effect and toxic Cannabinoid dimethylbutanoate 43. (RS)2-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2- Hallucination, euphoria, Methoxetamin Derivative of (ethylamino)cyclohexanone psychotomymetic Ketamine Not yet regulated 44. Mitragyna speciosa mengandung Opiate and cocaine-like Kratom contains Plant, plant mitragynine dan speciogynine effect mitragynine and powder speciogynine 45. 2-(2-chlorophenyl)2- Hallucination, euphoria, Ketamine Ketamine (methylamino)cyclohexan-1-one psychotomymetic 46. (±)-1-(4-methylphenyl)-2- Stimulant, Benzedron Derivative of (benzylamino)propan-1-one hallucinogen, insomnia Cathinone and Sympathomimetic 47. 3-Methoxy-2-(methylamino)-1-(4- Stimulant, Mexedron Derivative of methylphenyl)propan-1-one hallucinogen, insomnia Cathinone and Sympathomimetic
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 91 1 2 3 4 5 48. 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2- Stimulant, hallucino- Pentylone Derivative of (methylamino)pentan-1-one gen, insomnia and Cathinone Sympathomimetic 49. 1-(2H-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2- Stimulant, hallucino- N-Ethylpentylone Derivative of (ethylamino)pentan-1-one gen, insomnia and Cathinone Sympathomimetic 50. (1-Butyl-1H-indol-3-yl)(naphthalen-1- Hallucinogen, canna- JWH-073 Sybthetic yl)methanone binoid effect and toxic Cannabinoid 51. (4-methylnaphthalen-1-yl)(1-pentyl- Hallucinogen, canna- JWH-122 Synthetic 1H-indol-3-yl)methanone binoid effect and toxic Cannabinoid 52. 2-4(iodo-2,5- Stimulant, hallucinogen 2-CI Derivative of dimethoxiphenyl)ethanamine and toxic Phenetylamine 53. 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2- Stimulant, hallucino- 4-Chloro- Derivative of (ethylamino)propan-1-one gen, insomnia and ethcathinone Cathinone sympathomimetic 54. N-(Adamantan-1-il)-1-(5-kloropentil)- Hallucinogen, canna- 5-Chloro AKB 48 Synthetic 1H-Indazol-3-karboksamida binoid effect and toxic Cannabinoid 55. MethylN-{[1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H- Hallucinogen, canna- 5-fluoro-AMB Synthetic indazol-3-yl]carbonyl}valinate binoid effect and toxic Cannabinoid 56. Naphthalen-1-yl 1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H- Hallucinogen, canna- SDB-005 Synthetic indole-3-carboxylate binoid effect and toxic Cannabinoid 57. N-(1-amino-3,3dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2- Hallucinogen, canna- 5-fluoro-ADBICA Synthetic yl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indole-3- binoid effect and toxic Cannabinoid carboxamide 58. 1-phenyl-2-(propylamino)-1-pentanone Stimulant, hallucino- Alpha- Derivative of gen, insomnia and Prophylaminopen Cathinone Sympathomimetic tiophenone 59. Ethyl (1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indazole- Hallucinogen, canna- EMB-Fubinaca Synthetic 3-carbonyl)valinate binoid effect and toxic Cannabinoid 60. N-ethyl-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-2- Stimulant, hallucinogen PMEA Derivative of amine amd toxic Phenetylamine Source : BNN Drug Testing Laboratory , March 2017 2. Demand Reduction. a. Total Rehabilitated Drug abusers at the Government and Supported Community-based Rehabilitation Institutions, Recapitulation of Assessment on Voluntary and Compulsory Rehabilitation of Narcotic Abusers, and Total of Drug Abusers Having Received Post Rehabilitation from BNN, 2016.
1) Total Rehabilitated Drug Abusers at Government and Supported Community-based Rehabilitation Institutions, 2016
Table 58. Total Rehabilitated Drug abusers at Government Rehabilitation Institutions,2016
NO. ORIGIN OF REHABILITATION TOTAL 1. Inpatients of Rehabilitation Institutions 1,969
2. Inpatients of Prisons 4,468 Outpatients of Clinics/Hospitals/Community 3. 8,806 Health Centers TOTAL 15,243 Source : BNN Deputy of Rehabilitation, March 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 92 Table 59. Total Rehabilitated Drug Abusers at Community-based Rehabilitation Institutions, 2016
NO. DESCRIPTION OF REHABILITATION TOTAL 1 Medical Inpatient 68 2 Medical Outpatient 415 3 Social Inpatientl 132 4 Social Outpatient 327 TOTAL 942
Source : BNN Deputy of Rehabilitation, Deputi Bidang Rehabilitasi, March 2017
2) Recapitulation of Assessment on Voluntary and Compulsory Rehabilitation of Drug Abusers, 2016
Table 60. Assessment of Voluntary and Compulsory Rehabilitation of Drug Abusers Based on Gender, 2016
NO. ADMISSION OF RESIDENTS VOLUNTARY COMPULSORY 1 2 3 1. Male 174 192 2. Female 48 12 3. Not registered 81 - TOTAL 303 204
Source : BNN Deputy of Rehabilitation, March 2017
Table 61. Assessment of Voluntary and Compulsory Drug Abusers Based on Age Group, 2016
NO. AGE GROUP VOLUNTARY COMPULSORY 1 2 3 1. < 16 years 8 - 2. 16 – 20 39 24 3. 21 – 25 49 55 4. 26 – 30 35 35 5. 31 – 35 21 39 6. 36 – 40 20 21 7. 41 – 45 13 13 8. > 46 7 10 9. Not registered 111 7 TOTAL 303 204
Source : BNN Deputy of Rehabilitation, March 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 93 Table 62. Assessment of Voluntaary and Compulsory Drug Abusers Based on Occupation, 2016
NO. OCCUPATION VOLUNTARY COMPULSORY 1 2 3 4 1. Member of Provincial Assembly 2 2. Pimp Assistant 1 3. Gymnastics athlete 1 4. State-owned Corporation 1 1 5. Regent 1 6. Labor 8 7. Collector 1 8. Dancer 1 9. Provinvial Assembly 1 10. Driver 9 11. Freelance 1 2 12. Housekeeping 1 13. House wife 1 14. Employee 1 2 15. Worker of Private Sector 19 31 16. Consultant 1 17. Construction Laborer 1 18. LC 13 19. Legal Consulting 1 20. University Student 10 15 21. Pimp 1 22. Marketing 1 1 23. Mechanic 1 3 24. Fisherman Merchant 1 25. Online Transportation (Motor cyvle) 1 26. Waterworks worker 1 27. Artist 1 28. School student 6 2 29. Park Security 1 30. Government Employee 2 2 31. National Police 1 2 32. Sales 1 33. Security 6 34. Odd worker 1 35. SPG/Shop assistant 2 36. Mobile phone Technician 1 37. Tks Pol PP 1 38. Parking Attendance 1 39. Unemployed 4 16 40. Entrepreneur 18 38 41. Not Registered 217 48 total 303 204 Source : BNN Deputy of Rehabilitation, March 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 94 Table 63. Assessment of Voluntary and Compulsory Drug Abusers Based on Diagnose 2016
NO. DIAGNOSE VOLUNTARY COMPULSORY 1 2 3 1. Benzo 2 2. F10 3 1 3. F10 & F15 2 4. F11 7 1 5. F11(Tramadol) 1 6. F12 27 59 7. F12 (Synthetic) 2 8. F12, F15 1 9. F13 1 10. F13(Benzo) 13 11. F14 1 12. F15 117 128 13. F15 negative 3 14. F15 Shabu 2 15. F15 regular use 1 16. F15,9 1 17. F16 2 18. F17 1 19. F18 1 20. F18 F19 1 21. F19 15 11 22. Gorilla (Stimulant) 2 23. negative 2 24. Not registered 97 2 TOTAL 303 204 Source : BNN Deputy of Rehabilitation, March 2017 Note : F10 : Behaviour and mental disorders as an effect of alcohol abuse F11 : Behaviour and mental disorders as an effect of opioid abuse F12 : Behaviour and mental disorders as an effect of cannabinoid abuse F13 : Behaviour and ental disorders as an effect of abuse of tranquilizers and hypnotics F14 : Behaviour and mental disorders as an effect of cocaine abuse F15 : Behaviour and mental disorders as an effect of abuse of other stimulants abuse including caffein F16 : Behaviour and mental disorders as an effect of the abuse of hallucinogens F17 : Behaviour and mental haviour and mental disorders as an effect of tobacco abuse F18 : Behaviour and mental disorders as an effect of inhalants abuse F19 : Behaviour and mental disorders as an effect of abuse of diverse drugs and other psychoactive substances
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 95 b. Self-Reporting Drug Abusers to Receiving Institutions for Compulsory Self- Reporting (IPWL) from Ministry of Health RI, 2016.
Table 64. Total Self-Reported Abusers and Medical Rehabilitation, 2016
SERVICES CITY/ IN GRAND NO. PROVINCE OUT REGENCY PTRB PATI- PTRM TOTAL PATIENT ENT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1. Aceh Banda Aceh City 18 52 70 2. Bali Bangli Regency 50 30 80 3. Bangka Belitung Bangka Regency 1 6 7 4. Bengkulu Bengkulu City 100 100 5. DI Yogyakarta Sleman Regency 22 54 76 South Jakarta 30 8 1,195 1,233 6. DKI Jakarta East Jakarta 734 230 4,740 5,704 7. Jambi Jambi City 39 18 57 West Bandung 48 31 79 Regency 8. West Java Bandung City 72 72 Bogor City 59 6 65 Klaten Regency 43 19 62 Magelang City 8 8 9. Central Java Pekalongan City 6 6 Semarang City 110 0 110 Surakarta City 8 19 27 Malang Regency 23 41 64 10. East Java Surabaya City 19 42 87 163 11. West Kalimantan Pontianak City 55 41 138 12. South Kalimantan Banjar Regency 146 89 235 13. East Kalimantan Samarinda City 19 0 19 14. North Kalimantan Tarakan City 156 156 15. Lampung Bandar Lampung City 14 182 196 16. NTB Mataram City 13 15 28 Indragiri Hilir Regency 13 13 17. Riau Pekanbaru City 58 30 88 Central Central 18. Palu City 9 6 15 Sulawesi Agam Regency 44 44 19. West Sumatera Bukittinggi City 4 4 Padang City 48 93 141 20. South Sumatera Palembang City 81 220 520 TOTAL 19 1,770 1,508 6,283 9,580 Source : Ministry of Health RI, March 2017 PTRM : Methadone Maintenance Therapy Program PTRB : Buprenorphine Maintenance Therapy Program
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 96 c. Self-Reported Drug Abusers to Receiving Institutions for Compulcory Self- Reporting (IPWL) from Ministry of Social Affairs RI, 2016.
Table 65. Total Self-Reported Drug Abusers to IPWL Based on Rehabilitation Institution, 2016
SERVICE REHABILITATION NO. PROVINCE NO. INSTITUTION IN OUT REMARKS PATIENT* PATIENT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. Aceh 1. Yakita 16 - 2. Tabina 363 - 3. Safirah Banda Aceh -
4. Pintu Hijrah -
2. North Sumatera 5. Insyaf Medan - - 6. Sibolangit Center 60 - 7. Nazar 66 131 8. Minar christ 42 - 9. Medan Plus 199 41 Bukit Doa Taman 10. 136 200 Getsemane 11. Pondok trenkely 76 90 12. Minyak Narwastu 32 50 13. Keris Sakti 160 148 14. Sungai Yordan 25 40 15. Letupan 11 16 16. Rumah Ummi - - 17. Haga Christ 3. Riau 18. Mercusuar Riau - 100 19. Safirah Riau -
20. Siklus - - 4. West Sumatera 21. Suci hati 9 52 22. New Padoe Jiwa 15 50 23. Gempa 15 50 5. Jambi 24. Sahabat Jambi 30 400 25. Al Jannah - - 26. Yamika -
6. South Sumatera 27. Arrahman 80 60 28. Mitra Mulia 65 175 29. Dharma Wahyu Insani 25 103 30. Cahaya Putra Selatan 30 70 31. Sriwijaya -
7. Bengkulu 32. Kipas Bengkulu 26 70 33. Pesona 8 30 34. Dwin Rejanglebong -
8. Riau Islands 35. Lintas Nusa 18 60 36. Sahabat Anak Indonesia 34 96 37. Rumah Harapan - - 9. Lampung 38. Sinar Jati Lampung 73 - 39. Wisma Ataraxis 30 8 40. yayasan Srikandi 15 20 41. Riyadlotun Nufus 15 23
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 97 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 10. Bangka Belitung 42. Dwin Pangkalpinang -
11. Jakarta 43. PSPP Khusnul Khatimah - - 44. Kapeta 55 - 45. Karisma 22 9 46. Madani 49 157 47. Natura 40 60 48. Al Jahu 80 40 49. Stigma 10 - 50. Sembilan 20 150 51. GMDM 85 920 52. Sahabat Rekan Sebaya 60 51 53. Mutiara Maharani 25 50
54. Jakarta plus 15 60
55. Balarenik 20 42
56. Yayasan Kasih Mulya - - 12. Banten 57. Hikmah Syahadah 50 80 58. Dira Sumantriwintoha 26 17 13. West Java 59. PSPP Galih Pakuan - - 60. BRSPP Lembang - - 61. Yayasan Untuk Segala Bangsa 45 - 62. Yakita 22 20 63. Penuai 87 912 64. Peka 40 20 65. Sekar Mawar - - 66. Al Karomah 60 206 67. Inabah II Putri 50 100 68. Nurul Jannah 95 - 69. Ianatush Syibyan 34 46
70. Inabah XV 31 -
71. Inabah 17 35 -
72. Bunga Bangsaku 5 100
73. Maha Kasih 32 400
74. Breakthrough M 33 - 75. Assabur 40 150 76. Rumah Asa Anak Bangsa 40 - 77. Agape 55 100 78. Lembaga Informasi & Konsultasi - 80 79. Yayasan Prama 20 250 80. Putra Agung Mandiri 10 75 81. Societa 16 51 82. Katarsis Sarasati Edukasi 22 75 83. Bakti Putera 28 - 84. Shekinah Jabez 35 30 85. Karang madya 15 75 86. Inabah putra 18 40 - 87. Bersama Kita Pulih - -
88. Peduli Kasih
89. Nurido SabarAbadi
90. Yayasan Citra Mulya Mandiri
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 98 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 13. Central Java 91. Rumah Damai 73 - 92. Batu Raden - - 93. Nurul Ihsan 31 15 94. At Tauhid 16 145 95. Cinta Kasih Bangsa 36 20 96. Pemulihan Pelita 24 260 97. Maunatul Mubarok 50 - 98. Raden sahid 14 - 99. Sinai 65 178 100. Mitra Alam 16 325 101. Al Ma'la 51 72 14. DI Yogyakarta 102. Rehabilitasi Kunci 26 9 103. Griya pemulihan Siloam 25 50 104. Indo Charis 100 200 105. Al Islami 50 35 106. Galilea Elkana 39 142 15. East Java 107. Inabah XIX 100 - 108. Pemulihan Doulos 28 - 109. Corpus Christi 8 - 110. Orbit 90 70 111. Bambu Nusantara 22 290 112. Bahrul Magfiroh 20 - 113. Eklesia Kediri Foundation 10 100 114. Bambu Nusantara II 20 150 115. Plato - - 116. Ghana Pamekasan 20 75 117. KP2M Banyuwangi 5 28
Yayasan Lembaga Kesos 118. Daruddawam 16. Bali 119. Yakita bali 23 13 120. Yakeba - 75 121. Sivana -
17. NTB 122. Aksi NTB 48 - 123. Lentera 20 50 124. Pilot - - 18. NTT 125. Warna Kasih Kupang - 40 126. Mitra Harapan - 30 19. South Kalimantan 127. serba bakti 38 60 128. IPWL Intan Banua - - 129. Lentera hati Bumi Indonesia - - 130. Griya Pemberdayaan - - 20. Central Kalimantan 131. Galilea 110 110 21. East Kalimantan 132. Ibadurahman 60 - 133. Laras 50 150 134. Sekata - - 22. West Kalimantan 135. RBM Khatulistiwa 64 70 136. Merah Putih 40 123 137. Pontianak Plus 30 60 138. IPWL Teratai Khatulistiwa - 50 139. RBM Juang 20 50
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 99 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 23. West Central Sulawesi 140. Amada 45 - 24. South Central Sulawesi 141. YKP2N 565 625 142. Doulos Makasar 33 - 143. RBM Nirannuang 25. North Central Sulawesi 144. Bunga Bakung 76 - 145. Jameela Husein M - 80 146. IPWL Kalooran - - 26. S.E.Central Sulawesi 147. Family Rekan Sebaya 30 130 27. Ambon 148. LP2B - 225 28. North Maluku 149. Okekolano - - TOTAL 5,312 10,514 Source : Ministry of Social Affairs RI, March 2015 * Capacity of inpatient service is a capacity for 1 period of rehabilitation (6 months) in one year
d. Self-Reported Drug Abusers to IPWL from National Police Medical and Health Center, 2016
Table 66. Total Self-Reported Drug Abusers to IPWL Based on Rehabilitation Institution, 2016
TOTAL NO. PROVINCE IPWL CLIENTS REMARKS 1 2 3 4 5 1. West Sumatera Regional Police Medical 2 TAT and Health Center 2. Jambi Jambi Regional Police 4 TAT Medical & Health Section 3. Bangka Belitung Islands Regional Police Medical & 1 IPWL Health Section 4. South Sumatera Bhayangkara Hospital 1 TAT Palembang 5. West Java Bhayangkara Police 20 IPWL Hospital Sartika Asih Bhayangkara Police Hospital 67 TAT Police Mobile Brigade Kelapa Dua Depok 6. East Java Bhayangkara Police 16 TAT Hospital Lumajang 7. South Kalimantan Bhayangkara Police 4 TAT Hospital Banjarmasin TOTAL 115
Note: TAT = Integrated Assistance Team
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 100 e. Activities of BNN Deputy of Prevention, 2016.
Table 67. Total Participants of DIPA and Non-Dipa Activities by Directorate of Advocacy, Deputy of Prevention 2016
NO. ACTIVITY INSTITUTION 1 2 3 DIPA (Budget-based) 1. Coordination Meetings a. Govt. institutions 40 persons b. Private institutions 40 persons c. Education sector 40 persons d. Community 40 persons 2. Develop networking a. Govt. Institutions 8 institutions b. Private institutions 10 institutions c. Education sector 15 institutions d. Community 10 institutions 3. Assistancy a. To develop an anti drug mindset 1) Govt. institutions 3 provinces (60 persons) 2) Private institutions 20 institutions (310 persons) 3) Education sector 20 institutions 4) Community 10 institutions b. Strengthening of anti-drug mindset 1) Govt. institutions - 2) Privateinstitutions 2 institutioms ( 60 persons) 3) Education sector 5 institutions (300 persons) 4) Community 4 institusi (200 persons) 4. Intervention a. Govt.institutions - b. Private institutions 3 institutions (150 persons) c. Education sector 5 activities (1000 persons) d. Community 5. Supervision on development of anti-drug a. Govt. institutions b. Private institutions 3 provinces (60 persons) c. Educaation sector d. Community 5 institutions 6. Evaluation monitoring a. Govt. institutions 30 persons b. Private institutions 30 perrsons c. Education sector 30 persons d. Community 30 persons 7. Technical guidance to vertical BNN agencies a. To BNN agencies in region I 87 persons b. To BNN vertical agencies in region II 75 persons NON DIPA 8. Socialization of P4GN a. Govt. institutions 6,377 persons b. Private institutions 2,947 persons c. Education sector 12,870 persons d. Community 6,873 persons Source : BNN Deputy of Prevention, March 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 101 Table 68. Total participants Attending Face to Face P4GN Activities (Workshop/ Talkshow/Communication Forum/Cultural Performances) based on DIPA of Directorate of Information Dissemination, BNN Deputy of Prevention, 2016
TOTAL NO. TARGET PARTICIPANTS REMARKS 1 2 3 4 1. Families 110 members 2. School/University students 1,313 3. Workers 105 4. Community 3,705 persons TOTAL 5,233 persons Source : BNN Deputy of Prevention, March 2017 Table 69. Total Participants Attending DIPA Socialization Activities through Broadcast Media (Television & Radio) By Directorate of Information Dissemination, BNN Deputy of Prevention, 2016
NO. CONTENTS MEDIA VOLUME 1 2 3 4 1. P4GN TV advertisements Metro TV dan Trans TV 20 broadcasts targeting families 2. P4GN TV advertisement Net TV 30 broadcasts targeting school/university students 3. Video Animation Global TV 3 materials broadcasted 9 times 4. P4GN TV advertisements TV One 23 broadcasts targeting Workers 5. P4GN Filler targeting Workers Trans TV 2 materials (60 seconds Filler) broadcasted 4 times 6. Life broadcast at the Peak of TVRI, TV One, INews TV 1 broadcast Campaigns STOP to Drugs 7. P4GN Radio advertisements Bahana Jakarta, 1 material broadcasted targeting Families Elvictor Surabaya, 300 times Rase FM Bandung, Mara FM Bandung, B Radio Bandung, KIS FM Medan 8. Radioadlibs targeting families KBR dan Bens Radio 170 kali Adlibs 9. Program insert at national ICU (I Challenge U) – 120 broadcasts for 3 Radio RRI materials 10. P4GN advertisement through Gen FM Jakarta, 120 broadcasts for 1 Radio broadcast targeting Ardan FM Bandung, matierial school/university students Venus FM Makasar 11. P4GN advertisement through Indika FM Jakarta, 90 broadcasts for 1 Radio broadcast targeting Jak FM Jakarta, material Workers Geromino Yogyakarta 12. P4GN advertisement through Prambors, I-radio 60 broadcasts for 1 Radio broadcast targeting the material community Source : BNN Deputy of Prevention, March 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 102 Table 70. Total Participants at DIPA Socialization through Printed Media by Directorate of Information Dissemination, Deputy of Prevention, 2016
NO. CONTENT MEDIA SIZE AND VOLUME 1 2 3 4 1. Ear-Ad Warta Kota - 2 x 40 mmk full color contained 300 times - 3 x 200 mmk full color contained 1 time 2. Ear-Ad Jawa Pos 1,5 column x 80 mmk contained 300 times 3. Comic Jawa Pos 7 column x 80 mmk contained 100 times 4. Cover Media Indonesia Mini Banner 2 x 35 mmk full color contained 160 times 5. International Anti- Media Indonesia Banner Ad 4 x 50 mmk full Drugs Day Special color contained 1 time Edition Page 6. Ear-Ad Pos Kota 2 x 50 mmk contained 300 times Source : BNN Deputy of Prevention, March 2017 Table 71. Total Participants at DIPA Socialization Through Outer Room Media by Directorate of Information Dissemination, BNN Deputy of Prevention, 2016
NO. CONTENT LOCATION 1 2 3 1. Billboard - Atrium Senen - Jl. Sultan Agung, Bekasi city - BNN Parking area - Ayodya Park - National Police Headquarters - Permata Hijau - Senayan City - Jakarta Old Town 2. Banner placed at Pedestrian Bridge Jl. Gajah Mada 3. Neon Box Terminal 1A dan 2D Soekarno Hatta Airport 4. Transportation Mode Branding - Trans Jakarta Bus - Argo Anggrek Train - Cover Seat, Argo Anggrek Train Source : BNN Deputy of Prevention, March 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 103 For information dissemination through online media, the Section of Online Media, Directorate of Information Dissemination, BNN Deputy of Prevention made use of some newmedia platforms, namely: 1. Website Indonesia Bergegas The Website www.indonesiabergegas.bnn.go.id has some menu links (microsite): a. Home b. Latest News c. Article d. Children Segmentation e. Parents Segmentation f. Youth Segmentation g. Data Protocol h. Network The table hereunder presents information on website visitors until December 2016:
NEW VISITORS COUNTRYOF AVERAGE % (JAN- DEC % RE-VISITED % ORIGIN ACCESS 2016) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Indonesia 70% 2 Min. Other 353,375 32 240,295 68% 30% 33 sec. countries News contents and readers of Website Indonesia Bergegas from January – December 2016 are as follows:
NEWS SOURCE MONTH BNNP/ CENTRAL PREVENTION JAN – DEC 2016 OTHERS BNNK/KAB BNN ACTIVITIES Total 56 55 16 3
TOTAL NO. MONTH READERS ARTICLE PAGES 1. January 6,189 5 11 2. February 4,921 4 12 3. March 8,531 5 11 4. April 8,892 7 24 5. May 16,598 6 19 6. June 6,486 5 18 7. July 2,644 4 11 8. August 3,024 5 18 9. September 0 0 0 10. October 2,002 4 16 11. November 67,297 4 16 12. December 0 0 0 TOTAL 126,584 49 156
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 104 2. Social Media a. Twitter @BNNbergegas: As planned this account presents publication/ information twit in correspondence with BNN policies and contents. Up to December 2016 the following table presents statistics of the twitter account @BNNbergegas:
MONTH FOLLOWERS IMPRESSION Jan- Dec 2016 9,159 3,287,000
PROFILE MONTH GENDER MENTION TWEETS VISIT
Jan- Dec Male 68% 20.543 1.991 1.650 2016 Female 32%
b. Path, with the address of BNN account Indonesia Bergegas: Path is used as a more specific information medium because of its uniqueness and presents more visual information and art to the targeted audience. The hope is that through Path a wider spread of information is made to access all segments of the audience. Statistics of Path BNN Indonesia Bergegas up to December 2016 are as follows:
MONTH IMPRESSION LIKE May – December 2016 85,719 3,525
c. The instagram is more focused on visual posting and short video, that corresponds with the contents of prevention. The posted contents is somewhat similar to the Path, but more specific to art beauty and short video. The following table shows statistics of Instagram BNN_IndonesiaBergegas till December 2016:
MONTH IMPRESSION FOLLOWERS LIKE May – December 2016 85,719 3,525 1,937
d. Facebook Fanpage, with the address of BNN bergegas is the official account of BNN Deputy of Prevention. This page acts more as a fanpage and as an effort to expand the information coverage for all audiences. The following table presents statistics of fanpage BNNBergegas till December 2016:
RANGE COVERAGE MONTH LIKE FOLLOWERS May- Dec 2016 4,372 4,364 12,507 1,319
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 105 3. Streaming/Audio Visual Optimization This new medium has indeed many channels, one of which uses the audio visual medium which is live streaming. This online medium uses two channels, one through the radio streaming medium, and youtube channel as its audio visual. People can access Radio Streaming Indonesia Bergegas through the Website Indonesia Bergegas or Playstore application for persons with android based smartphones. Radio streaming has several live programs broadcasted from 07.00 – 16.00 West Indonesia Time (WIB) by two broadcasters. Statistics of Radio Streaming Indonesia Bergegas till December 2016 is as follows:
EXTENT
AVERA- TOTAL GE LISTENER’S LISTE- TOTAL LISTE AVERAGE LISTENIN COUNTRY % NING SESSIO REMARKS NERS LISTENER G TIME OF ORIGIN TIME NS (MINU- (HOUR) TE) 1.012 85 Indonesia 78 3,738 10,463 22 Recorded listerners are those who listen through website, mobile phone Others 22 or android application
4. Media Online Placement. Besides the above social media, online medium also spreads information through the national online media Detikcom, Kaskus and Okezone.com with a range and content as follows: a. Detikcom As a national medium Detikcom is wellknown and has a large number of visitors. It is used as a medium for information dissemination on the dangers of drug abuse by making use of videos, articles and news as well as images. Statistics hereunder show the range obtained in the period of impressions:
IMPRESSION CLICKS CTR 1,562,754 800 1.82%
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 106 b. Kaskus Kaskus is the largest online community medium in Indonesia. It is widely known and has a large number of visitors and community. It is used as a medium for information dissemination on the dangers of drug abuse, and makes use of contents like videos, articles, news and pictures. The following statistics of this medium is shown hereunder:
IMPRESSION CLICKS CTR 1,508,905 416 0.03%
c. Okezone Okezone is a national online medium targeting the young people. It is wellknown and has a large number of visitors. It functions as a medium for information dissemination on the dangers of drug abuse by making use of videos, articles,news and pictures as its contents. Statistically, range obtained in the period of impressions is as follows:
IMPRESSION CLICKS CTR 155,445 186 0.12%
Table 72. Total Participants in P4GN Non-DIPA Socialization by Directorate of Information Dissemination BNN Deputy of Prevention, 2016
NO. TARGET TOTAL PARTICIPANTS REMARKS 1 2 3 4 1. Govt. Agencies 2,747 persons 2. Private Agencies 100 persons 3. Education Sector 4,505 persons 4. Community 3,246 persons TOTAL 10,598 persons Source : BNN Deputy of Prevention, March 2017
f. Activities by BNN Deputy of Community Strengthening, 2016. Table 73. Total Urine Tests Performed by Deputy of Community Strengthening 2016
POSI- NO. AGENCY TOTAL AGENCIES TOTAL TESTS % TIVE 1 2 3 4 5 6 1. Govt. Agency 19 5,547 6 2. Private Agency 9 2,230 - 3. Education Sector 9 circles 1,641 - 4. Community 11 circles 949 - TOTAL 48 10,367 6 Source : BNN Deputy of Community Strengthening, March 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 107 Table 74. Total Urine Tests performed by BNNP (Province/City BNN), 2016
NO. PROVINCE TOTAL TESTS POSITIVE 1 2 3 4 1. Aceh 4,073 14 2. North Sumatera 22,727 94 3. West Sumatera 1,371 - 4. Riau 2,201 13 5. Jambi 2,238 12 6. Bengkulu 4,139 2 7. South Sumatera 24,023 112 8. Lampung 9,778 26 9. Riau Islands 3,018 2 10. BaNgka Belitung Islands 787 - 11. Banten 3,138 2 12. DKI Jakarta 17,422 - 13. West Java - - 14. Central Java 8,282 9 15. D.I. Yogyakarta 6,298 21 16. East Java 2,286 - 17. West Kalimantan 5,997 21 18. Central Kalimantan 3,751 1 19. East Kalimantan 528 - 20. South Kalimantan 4,928 - 21. North Kalimantan - - 22. North Central Sulawesi 2,672 - 23. Gorontalo 2,696 1 24. Central Sulawesi 5,556 21 25. West Central Sulawesi 4,383 78 26. South Sulawesi 11,295 27 27. S.E. Sulawesi 17.382 131 28. Bali 12,911 73 29. West Nusa Tenggara 7,345 36 30. East Nusa Tenggara 2,495 - 31. North Maluku 2,738 - 32. Maluku 2,317 2 33. Papua 2,655 - 34. West Papua 2,007 19 TOTAL 227,270 1,614 Source : Drug Information System, March 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 108 Table 75. Total Change of Profession by Farmers and Cannabis Cultivation Change of Function, 2016
CHANGE OF TOTAL CANNABIS NUMBER OF NO. AREA FUNCTION FIELDS FARMERS 1 2 3 4 5 1. Aceh Besar 10 Ha - 20 2. Aceh Proviince 110.2 Ha 482 Ha 55 Source : BNN Deputy of Community Strengthening, March 2017 Table 76. Total Change of Profession in Urban Drug-Prone Areas
TOTAL GUIDED CHANGE OF NO. AREA PERSONS PROFESSION PERCENTAGE (%) 1 2 3 4 5 1. Permata Complex, West Jakarta 75 persons 39 persons 52% 2. Kampung Pertanian (Agriculture 75 persons 32 persons 42,7% Village), East Jakarta TOTAL 150 persons 72 persons 47,3% Source : BNN Deputy of Community Strengthening, March 2017 g. Data Contact Center BNN Tahun 2016. Table 77. Total Information Received by BNN Contact Center Based on Type of Information, 2016
NO. TYPE OF INFORMATION TOTAL INFORMATION IN 2016 REMARKS 1 2 3 4 1. Prevention 160 2. Rehabilitation 424 3. Eradication 2,934 4. Public Relation 27 5. Data and Information 48 6. General Information 2,302 Public Complaints & 7. 7 Principal Inspectorate TOTAL 5,902 Source : BNN Center of Research, Data and Information, March 2017 Table 78. Total Incoming Information at BNN Contact Center Based on Source of Information, 2016
NO. SOURCE OF INFORMATION TOTAL PUBLIC VIEWS 2016 REMARKS 1 2 3 4 1. Call 1.507 2. SMS 2.915 3. e-mail 624 4. Voicemail 11 5. Whatsapp 610 6. Blackberry Messenger 218 7. Facebook 1 8. Walk In 16 TOTAL 5,902 Source : BNN Center of Research, Data and Information, March 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 109
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 110 CHAPTER III PREVENTION OF DRUG ABUSE AND ERADICATION OF ILLICIT DRUG TRAFFICKING 2012 – 2016
1. Supply Reduction. a. Cases, Suspects and Evidence of Drug Crimes from National Police Republic of Indonesia, 2012 – 2016. Table 79. Total Drug Cases Based on Drug Classification, 2012 – 2016
DRUG YEAR NO. TOTAL CLASSIFICATION 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1. Narcotics 18,977 21,119 22,750 27,950 35,401 129,197 Psychotropic 2. 1,729 1,612 838 885 1,540 6,604 Substances Other Addictive 3. 7,917 12,705 10,855 11,418 9,774 52,669 Substances TOTAL 28,623 35,436 34,443 40,253 46,715 185,470 Source : National Police Republic of Indonesia, March 2017
Diagram 1. Total Drug Cases Based on Drug Classification, 2012 – 2016
40.000 35.401 35.000
30.000 27.950
25.000 22.750 21.119
20.000 18.977
15.000 12.705
11.418 11.418
10.855 10.855 9.774
10.000 7.917
5.000
1.729
1.612
1.540
885 885 838 838 - 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Narcotics Psychotropic Substances Other Addictive Substances
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 111 Table 80. Total Drug Suspects Based on Drug Classification, 2012 – 2016
YEAR DRUG NO. TOTAL CLASSIFICATION 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1. Narkotics 25,122 28,543 30,496 37,012 46,030 167,203 Psychotropic 2. 2,062 1,868 978 1,000 1,771 7,679 Substances Other Addictive 3. 8,269 13,356 11,397 12,166 11,227 56,415 Substances TOTAL 35,453 43,767 42,871 50,178 59,028 231,297
Source : National Police Republic of Indonesia, March 2017
Diagram 2. Total Drug Suspects Based on Drug Classification, 2012 – 2016
50.000 46.030 45.000
40.000 37.012
35.000 30.496 30.496
30.000 28.543 25.122 25.000
20.000
15.000 13.356
12.166
11.397 11.227
10.000 8.269
5.000
2.062
1.868
1.771
1.000 978 978 0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Narcotics Psychotropic Substances Other Addictive Substances
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 112 Table 81. Total Drug Suspects Based on Nationality, 2012 – 2016
YEAR NO. SUSPECT’S TOTAL NATIONALITY 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1. Indonesians 35,354 43,640 42,709 50,037 58,896 230,636
2. Foreign Nationality 99 127 162 141 132 661
TOTAL 35,453 43,767 42,871 50,178 59,028 231,297
Source : National Police Republic of Indonesia, March 2017
Diagram 3. Total Drug Suspects Based on Nationality, 2012 – 2016 58.896 60.000
50.037
50.000 43.640 42.709
40.000 35.354
30.000
20.000
10.000
99 127 162 141 132
- 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Indonesians Foreign Nationality
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 113 Table 82. Total Drug Suspects Based on Gender, 2012 – 2016
YEAR NO. GENDER TOTAL 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1. Male 32,206 39,511 38,874 46,105 54,228 210,924
2. Female 3,247 4,256 3,997 4,073 4,800 20,373
TOTAL 35,453 43,767 42,871 50,178 59,028 231,297
Source : National Police Republic of Indonesia, March 2017
Diagram 4. Total Drug Suspects Based on Gender 2012 – 2016 60.000
54.228
50.000 46.105
39.511 40.000 38.874
32.206
30.000
20.000
10.000
4.256 3.997 4.073 4.800 3.247
- 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Male Female
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 114 Table 83. Total Drug Suspects Based on Age Group, 2012 – 2016
NO. AGE GROUP TOTAL 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1. < 16 Years 132 122 130 69 113 566
2. 16 – 19 Years 2,103 2,377 2,244 2,117 2,285 11,126 3. 20 – 24 Years 5,460 6,246 6,489 6,978 8,717 33,890 4. 25 – 29 Years 10,307 16,167 14,065 15,080 17,381 73,000 5. > 30 Years 17,451 18,855 19,943 25,934 30,531 112,714
TOTAL 35,453 43,767 42,871 50,178 59,028 231,296
Source : National Police Republic of Indonesia, Marech 2017
Diagram 5. Total Drug Suspects Bsed on Age Group 2012 – 2016
35.000
30.531 30.000
25.934
25.000
19.943
20.000 18.855 17.451
17.381
16.167 15.080
15.000 14.065
10.307
10.000 8.717
6.978
6.489
6.246 5.460
5.000
2.377
2.285
2.244 2.117 2.103
130 130 132 132
122 122
113 113 69 69 - 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
< 16 Years 16-19 Years 20-24 Years 25-29 Years > 30 Years
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 115 Table 84. TotaL Drug Suspects Based on Level of Education 2012 – 2016
YEAR NO. EDUCATION LEVEL TOTAL 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1. Elementary 4,974 7,540 7,058 6,919 7,753 34,244
2. Junior High School 9,743 12,169 12,257 12,595 15,176 61,940 3. Senior High School 19,633 22,952 22,378 29,366 34,590 128,919 4. University 1,103 1,106 1,178 1,298 1,509 6,194
TOTAL 35,453 43,767 42,871 50,178 59,028 231,297
Source : National Police Republic of Indonesia, March 2017
Diagram 6. Total Drug Suspects Based on Education Level 2012 – 2016
40.000
35.000 34.590
30.000 29.366
25.000
22.952 22.378
20.000 19.633 15.176
15.000
12.595
12.257 12.169
10.000 9.743
7.753
7.540
7.058
6.919 4.974
5.000
1.509
1.298
1.178
1.106 1.103 0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Elementary Junior High School Senior High School University
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 116 Table 85. Total Drug Abuse Suspects Based on Occupation, 2012–2016
YEAR NO. OCCUPATION TOTAL 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1. Govt. Employee 318 410 348 426 429 1,931 2. Police /Armed Forces 287 256 319 340 372 1,574 3. Private Sector 16,018 19,731 18,262 20,339 23,792 98,142 4. Entrepreneur 7,485 9,010 11,270 14,074 16,097 57,936 5. Farmer 1,385 2,107 1,539 1,856 2,060 8,947 6. Labourrer 4,012 4,944 4,536 5,209 6,323 25,024 7. Univ. Student 709 857 869 932 1,055 4,422 8. School student 695 1,121 778 855 1,251 4,700 9. Umemployed 4,544 5,331 4,950 6,147 7,649 28,621 TOTAL 35,453 43,767 42,871 50,178 59,028 231,297
Source : National Police Republic of Indonesia, March 2017
Diagram 7. Total Drug Suspects Based on Occupation, 2012 – 2016
25.000 23.792
20.339
20.000 19.731 18.262
16.097 16.018
15.000 14.074
11.270
10.000 9.010
7.649
7.485 6.323
6.147
5.331
5.209
4.950
4.944
4.544 4.536
5.000 4.012
2.107
2.060
1.856
1.539
1.385
1.251
1.121
1.055
932 932
869 869
857 857
855 855
778 778
709 709
695 695
429 429
426 426
410 410
372 372
348 348
340 340
319 319
318 318 287 287
256 - 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Govt. Employee Police /Armed Forces Private Sector Entrepreneur Farmer Labourrer Univ. Student School Student Unemployed
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 117 Table 86. Total Seized Cannabis, 2012 – 2016
YEAR SEIZED NO. TOTAL CANNABIS 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Cannabis 1. 22,019,933.68 17,763,959.76 59,634,166.06 27,535,562.74 11,191,883.67 130,145,505.91 Herbs (Gr) 2. Cannabis Trees 341,395 534,829 92,421 101,185 2,176,418 3,246,248 (stems) Cultivation 3. 89.5 119.9 14 166.5 425 815.9 Area (Ha) Cannabis 4. 284.91 12 276.33 6.28 1,582.15 2,161.67 Seeds (Gr) Source : National Police Republic of Indonesia, March 2017
Diagram 8. Total Seized Cannabis, 2012 – 2016
2.500.000,00
2.176.418,00
2.000.000,00
1.500.000,00
1.000.000,00
534.829,00
500.000,00 341.395,00
101.185,00
92.421,00
59.634,17
425,00
22.019,93
11.191,83
27.535,56
6,28
17.763,96
1.582,15
166,50
89,50
276,33
12,00
284,91 14,00 119,90 - 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Cannabis Herbs (Gr) Cannabis Trees (stems) Cultivation Area (Ha) Cannabis Seeds (Gr)
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 118 Table 87. Total Seized Narcotics, 2012 – 2016
YEAR SEIZED NO. TOTAL NRCOTICS 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1. Heroin (Gr) 38,014.86 11,054.04 4,300.48 1,332.37 1,680.56 56,382.31
2. Cocaine (Gr) 5,878.44 2,035 373.33 10.54 98.99 8,396.30
3. Hashish (Gr) 7,836.44 2,067.68 4,237.49 184.68 2,982.96 17,309.25
4. Ecstasy (Tbl) 2,850,947.00 1,137,940 472,539.25 1,336,455 1,113,274 6,911,155.25
5. Ecstasy (Gr) - 2,113.17 - - 358.43 2,471.60
6. Shabu (Gr) 1,977,864.07 398,602.55 718,145.18 2,566,410.64 1,649,385.91 7,310,408.35
Source : National Police Republic of Indonesia, March 2017
Diagram 9. Total Seized Narcotics, 2012– 2016
3.000.000,00
2.850.947,00 2.566.410,64
2.500.000,00 1.977.864,07
2.000.000,00 1.649.385,91
1.500.000,00 1.336.455,00
1.137.940,00 1.113.274,00
1.000.000,00
718.145,18 472.539,25
500.000,00 398.602,55
38.014,86
11.054,04
7.836,44
5.878,44
4.300,48
4.237,49
2.982,96
2.035,00
2.067,68
2.113,17
373,33
358,43
184,68
10,54 10,54 98,99
1.680,56
1.332,37
-
- - - 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Heroin (Gr) Cocaine (Gr) Hashish (Gr) Ecstasy (Tbl) Ekstasi (Gr) Shabu (Gr)
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 119 Table 88. Total Seized Psychotropic Substances, 2012 – 2016
SEIZED YEAR NO. PSYCHOTROPIC TOTAL SUBSTANCES 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Benzodiazepine 1. 512,523.00 460,806.75 356.631 603.477 723.525 2.656.962,75 (Tbl) 2. Barbiturate (Tbl) 426,793.50 181 9.571 7.332 42.952 486,829.50
3. Barbiturate (Gr) - 7,275.50 - - - 727,550.50
4. Ketamine (Gr) 13,426.00 4,661.51 13,400.09 6.504,98 7.6 38,000.18 Controlled 5. 2,064,302.50 5,869,329.50 14,729,227.75 1.645,594.5 4,965,289 29,273,743.25 Medicines (Tbl) Controlled 6. - 7 - - - 7 Medicines (Btl) Source : National Police Republic of Indonesia, March 2017
Diagram 10. Total Seized Psychotropic Substances, 2012 – 2016
16.000.000
14.000.000 14.729.228
12.000.000
10.000.000
8.000.000 5.869.330 5.869.330
6.000.000 4.965.289 4.965.289
4.000.000 2.064.303 2.064.303
2.000.000 1.645.595
723.525 723.525
603.477 603.477
512.523 512.523
460.807 460.807
426.794 426.794
356.631 356.631
72.755 72.755
42.952 42.952
13.426 13.426
13.400 13.400
9.571 9.571
6.505 6.505
7.332 7.332
4.662 4.662
181 181
-
-
-
7 7
-
-
8 8
-
- - - 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Benzodiazepine (Tbl) Barbiturate (Tbl) Barbiturate (Gr) Ketamine (Gr) Controlled Medicines (Tbl) Controlled Medicines (Btl)
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 120 b. Cases, Suspects and Evidence of Narcotic and Narcotic Precursors Crimes from BNN, 2012 – 2016
Table 89. Total Cases of Narcotic and Narcotic Precursors, 2012 – 2016
YEAR NO. CASE TOTAL 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1. Cannabis 3 3 8 40 75 129 2. Heroin 5 1 14 - 1 21 3. Hashish - - - 1 - 1 4. Cocaine 1 - - - 4 5 5. Morphine - - - - 1 1 6. Shabu 90 132 343 568 738 1,871 7. Ecstasy 4 10 19 29 57 119 8. MDMA - - - - 1 1 9. Narcotic Precursors 1 3 - 6 3 13 10. Methilone - 1 - - - 1 11. Synthetic Cannabinoid - - - - 1 1 TOTAL 104 150 384 644 881 2,163 Source : BNN Deputy of Eradication, March 2017
Diagram 11. Total Cases of Narcotics and Narcotic Precursors, 2012 – 2016
800 Cannabis Heroin Hashish Cocaine 738 Morphine Shabu 700 Ecstasy MDMA Narcotic Precursors Methilone Synthetic Cannabinoid 600 568
500
400 343
300
200 132 90 100 75 57 14 40 29 5 1 19 4 3 ---1 ----4 ------3 ---10 1 8 ---- 1 1 - 1 1 1 - 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 121 Table 90. Total Cases of Narcotics and Narcotic Precursors Based on Classification, 2012 – 2016
YEAR NO. CASE TOTAL 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1. Narcotics 103 147 384 638 878 2,150 2. Narcotic Precursors 1 3 - 6 3 13 TOTAL 134 150 384 644 881 2,163
Source : BNN Deputy of Eradication, March 2017
Diagram 12. Total Cases of Narcotics and Narcotic Precursors Based on Classification, 2012 – 2016
900 878
800
700 638
600
500
400 384
300
200 147 103 100 1 3 - 6 3 0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Narcotics Narcotic Precursors
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 122 Table 91. Total Narcotic and Narcotic Precursors Cases Based on Type of Crime, 2012 – 2016
YEAR NO. CASE/CRIME TOTAL 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1. Cultivation - 13 1 22 5 41 2. Production 1 135 - 17 3 156 3. Distribution 97 2 319 474 743 1,635 4. Consumption 6 - 64 131 130 331 TOTAL 104 150 384 644 881 2,163
Source : BNN Deputy of Eradication, March 2017
Diagram 13. Total Narcotic and Naarcotic Precursors Cases Based on Type of Crime, 2012 – 2016
800 743
700
600
500 474
400 319 300
200 135 131 130 97 100 64 22 17 - 1 6 13 2 - 1 - 5 3 0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Cultivation Production Distribution Consumption
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 123 Table 92. Total Suspects Related to Narcotics and Narcotic Precursors Cases, 2012 – 2016
YEAR NO. SUSPECTS TOTAL 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1. Cannabis 7 3 16 50 96 172 2. Heroin 7 2 38 - 3 50 3. Hashish - - - 1 - 1 4. Cocaine 1 - - - 4 5 5. Morphine - - - - 1 1 6. Shabu 144 219 491 1.057 1.164 3,075 7. Ecstasy 25 14 43 32 84 198 8. MDMA - - - - 1 1 9. Narcotic Precursors 3 6 - 14 7 30 10. Methilone - 1 - - - 1 11. Synthetic Cannabinoid - - - - 1 1 TOTAL 187 245 588 1.154 1.361 3,535 Source : BNN Deputy of Eradication, March 2017
Diagram 14. Total Suspects Related to Narcotics and Narcotic Precursors Cases, 2012 – 2016
1200 Cannabis Heroin 1.164
Hashish Cocaine 1.057 Morphine Shabu 1000 Ecstasy MDMA Narcotic Prekursors Methilone Synthetic Cannabinoid 800
600 491
400
219 200 144 1.057 84 43 50 25 14 38 32 7 7 ---1 ------3 2 ---16 - 1 3 - 4 1 1 0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 124 Table 93. Total Suspects Related to Narcotics and Narcotic Precursors Cases Based on Drug Classification, 2012– 2016
YEAR NO. SUSPECTS TOTAL 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1. Narcotics 184 239 588 1,140 1,354 3,505 2. Narcotic Precursors 3 6 - 14 7 30 TOTAL 187 245 588 1,154 1,361 3,535
Source : BNN Deputy of Eradication, March 2017
Diagram 15. Total Suspects of Narcotics and Narcotic Precursors Cases Based on Drug Classification, 2012 – 2016
1.400 1.354
1.200 1.140
1.000
800
588 600
400 239 184 200
3 6 - 14 7 - 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Narcotics Narcotic Precursors
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 125 Table 94. Total Suspects of Narcotics and Narcotic Precursors Based on Type of Crime, 2012 – 2016
YEAR NO. SUSPECTS TOTAL 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1. Cultivation - 18 2 45 12 77 2. Production 2 223 - 26 7 258 3. Distribution 174 4 478 718 1.072 2,446 4. Consumption 11 - 108 365 270 754 TOTAL 187 245 588 1,154 1,361 3,535
Source : BNN Deputy of Eradication, March 2017
Diagram 16. Total Suspects of Narcotics and Narcotic Precursors Based on Type of Crime, 2012 – 2016
1.200 1.072
1.000
800 718
600 478
365 400 270 223 174 200 108 18 45 - 2 11 4 - 2 - 26 12 7 - 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Cultivation Production Distribution Consumption
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 126 Table 95. Total suspects of Narcotics and Narcotic Precursors Based on Nationality, 2012 – 2016
YEAR NO. NATIONALITY TOTAL 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1. Indonesians 170 223 555 1,121 1,330 3,399
2. Foreign Nationality 17 22 33 33 31 136
TOTAL 187 245 588 1,154 1,361 3,535
Source : BNN Deputy of Eradication, March 2017
Diagram 17. Total Suspects of Narcotics and Narcotic Prekursors Cases Based on Nationality, 2012 – 2016
1.400 1.330
1.200 1.121
1.000
800
555 600
400 223 170 200 17 22 33 33 31 - 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Indonesians Foreign Nationality
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 127 Table 96. Total Suspects of Narcotics and Narcotic Precursors Cases Based on Nationality and Gender, 2012 – 2016
YER NO. NATIONALITY GENDER tOTAL 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Male 136 187 482 941 1,184 2,930 1. Indonesians Female 34 36 73 180 146 469 Male 16 17 27 33 27 120 2. Foreigners Female 1 5 6 0 4 16
TOTAL 187 245 588 1,154 1,361 3,535
Source : BNN Deputy of Eradication, March 2017
Diagram 18. Total Suspects of Narcotics and Narcotic Precursors Based on Nationality and Gender, 2012 – 2016
1.400
1.188 1.200
1.000 941
800
600 482
400
187 180 200 136 146 73 34 36 33 16 1 17 5 27 6 - 27 4 - 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Indonesians (Male) Indonesians (Female) Foreigners (Male) Foreigners (Female)
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 128 Table 97. Total Suspects of Narcotics and Narcotic Precursors Cases Based on Gender, 2012 – 2016
YEAR NO. GENDER TOTAL 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1. Male 152 204 509 974 1,211 3,050 2. Female 35 41 79 180 150 485 TOTAL 187 245 588 1,154 1,361 3,535
Source : BNN Deputy of Eradication, March 2017
Diagram 19. Total Suspects of Narcotics and Narcotic Precursors Based on Gender, 2012 – 2016
1.400
1.211 1.200
1.000 974
800
600 509
400
204 180 200 152 150 79 35 41 - 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Male Female
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 129 Table 98. Total Suspects of Narcotics and Narcotic Precursors Based on Age Group, 2012 – 2016
YEAR NO. AGE GROUP TOTAL 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1. < 16 Years - - - 30 13 43
2. 16 – 19 Years 3 5 10 47 27 92 3. 20 – 24 Years 18 23 66 196 172 475 4. 25 – 29 Years 32 49 130 195 256 662 5. > 30 Years 134 168 382 686 893 2,263 TOTAL 187 245 588 1,154 1,361 3,535
Source : BNN Deputy of Eradication, March 2017
Diagram 20. Total Suspects of Narcotics and Narcotic Precursors Cases Based on Age Group, 2012 – 2016 893 900
800 686 700
600
500 382 400
256 300 195 168 196 172 200 134 130 66 100 49 47 18 32 23 30 27 --3 5 - 10 13 0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
<16 Years 16-19 Years 20-24 Years 25-29 Years >30 Years
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 130 Table 99. Total Suspects of Narcotics and Narcotic Precursors Cases based on Education, 2012 – 2016
YEAR NO. EDUCATION TOTAL 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1. Elementary 6 33 89 193 255 576 2. Junior High School 25 47 116 170 192 550 3. Senior High School 97 134 330 689 741 1,991 4. University 59 31 53 69 110 322 5. No Schooling - - - 33 29 62 6. Drop Out - - - - 25 25 7. Not Registered - - - - 9 9 TOTAL 187 245 588 1,154 1,391 3,535
Source : BNN Deputy of Eradication, March 2017
Diagram 21. Total Suspects of Narcotics and Narcotic Precursors Cases Based on Education, 2012 – 2016
800 741 689 700
600
500
400 330
300 255 193 170 192 200 134 116 110 97 89 69 100 59 47 53 25 33 31 33 2925 6 ------9 - 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Elementary Junior High School Senior High School University No Schooling Drop Out Not Registered
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 131 Table 100. Total Suspects of Narcotics and Narcotic Precursors Cases Based on Occupation, 2012 – 2016
TAHUN NO. OCCUPATION TOTAL 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1. Govt. Employee 2 3 14 27 39 85 2. Police/Armed Forces - 6 7 15 17 45 3. Private Sector 53 73 249 438 444 1,257 4. Entrepreneur 60 95 160 283 384 982 5. Farmer 3 1 12 13 27 56 6. Labourer 13 10 34 74 115 246 7. Univ. Student 1 13 14 49 45 122 8. School Student - - - 19 9 28 9. Unemployed 55 44 98 236 281 718 TOTAL 187 245 588 1,154 1,361 3,535 Source : Deputi Bidang Pemberantasan BNN, March 2017
Diagram 22. Total Suspects of Narcotics and Narcotic Precursors Cases Based on Occupation, 2012 – 2016
500 444 450 438
400 384
350
300 283 281 249 250 236
200 160 150 115 95 98 100 60 75 74 53 55 49 44 39 45 50 13 34 27 27 13 10 14 12 15 13 17 2 - 3 1 3 6 1 7 14 9 - 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Govt. Employee Police/Armed Forces Private Sector Entrepreneur Farmer Labourer Univ. Student School Student Unemployed
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 132 Table 101. Total Seized Narcotics, 2012 – 2016
YEAR NO. SEIZED EVIDENCE 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. Crystal Shabu (Gram) 76,254.55 144,049.77 429,443.36 1,998,908.97 981,692.98 2. Shabu (Tablet) - 85 - 502 - 3. Ecstasy (Tablet) 1,420,685.00 27,238 17,582 643,936 581,696 4. Ecstasy (Gram) - - 5,447.66 168.56 504.94 5. Heroin (Gram) 14,410.00 215.9 7,894.96 6.97 581.5 6. Cocaine (Gram) 858,400.00 - - - 270.04 7. Cannabis (Gram) 315,340.00 13,182 8,907,706.69 1,166,312.81 2,697,615.39 Cannabis Trees 8. - - 60 10 20,000 (Stems) Cannabis Seeds 9. - - 102 26 0.54 (Gram) Source : BNN Deputy of Eradication, March 2017
Diagram 23. Total Seized Narcotics, 2012 – 2016
9.000.000,00 8.907.706,69 8.907.706,69 8.000.000,00
7.000.000,00
6.000.000,00
5.000.000,00
4.000.000,00
3.000.000,00 2.697.615,39 1.998.908,97 1.998.908,97
2.000.000,00
1.420.685,00 1.420.685,00
1.166.312,81 1.166.312,81
981.692,98 981.692,98
858.400,00 858.400,00 643.936,00 643.936,00
1.000.000,00 581.696,00
429.443,34 429.443,34
315.340,00 315.340,00
144.049,77 144.049,77
76.254,55 76.254,55
27.238,00 27.238,00
17.582,00 17.582,00
13.182,00 13.182,00
14.410,00
85,00 85,00
270,04 270,04
502,00 502,00
-
-
-
-
-
7.894,96
581,50
6,97
215,90 - - 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Crystal Shabu (Gr) Shabu (Tbl) Ecstasy (Btr) Heroin (Gr) Cannabis (Gr) Cocaine (Gr)
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 133 c. Evidence and Suspects of Narcotic Crimes from Ministry of Finance RI, 2012 – 2016
Table 102. Total Seized Natural Narcotics at Airports, 2012 – 2016
SEIZED YEAR NO. TOTAL NARCOTICS 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Cannabis 1. 3,432.48 7.59 - 244.2 102.21 3,786.48 (Gram) 2. Heroin (Gram) 33,882.90 372 0 414 0 34,668.90
3. Cocaine (Gram) 6,847.50 0 239 0 0 7,086.50
4. Hashish (Gram) 8,148.00 103.64 4,212 0 3,109.15 15,572.79
Source : Directorate General of Customs and Excise, Ministry of Finance RI, March 2017
Diagram 24. Total Seized Natural Narcotics at Airports, 2012 – 2016
35.000,00
30.000,00 33.882,90
25.000,00
20.000,00
15.000,00
10.000,00 8.148,00
6.847,50
4.212,00 3.432,48
5.000,00 3.109,15
414,00 414,00
372,00
244,20
239,00
103,64
102,21
-
-
- -
-
-
- 7,59 7,59 - 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Cannabis (Gr) Heroin (Gr) Cocaine (Gr) Hashish (Gr)
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 134 Table 103. Total Seized Synthetic Narcotics at Airports, 2012 – 2016
YEAR SEIZED NO. TOTAL EVIDENCE 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ecstasy 1. 0 0 0 1,292 415,25 1.707,25 (Tablets) Ecstasy 2. 383,127.05 207,221.63 6,167 0 0 596.515,68 (Gram) 3. Shabu (Gram) 101,545.09 78,488.2 123,222.76 47,531.94 88,067.51 438,855.50 Methadone 4. 0 40 0 0 0 40 (Mili Ltr) Ketamine 5. 0 4,152.3 0 0 0 4,152.30 (Gram) Xanax 6. 0 8 0 0 0 8 (Tablets) Happy Five 7. 0 0 0 0 6,760 6,760 (Tablets) Source : Directorate General of Customs and Excise, Ministry of Finance RI, March 2017
Diagram 25. Total Seized Synthetic Narcotics at Airports, 2012 – 2016
Ekstasi (Btr) Ekstasi (Gr)
400.000 383.127 Shabu (Gr) Methadone (ML) Ketamine (Gram) Xanax (Btr) 350.000 Happy Five (Tablet)
300.000
250.000 207.222
200.000
150.000 123.223
101.545 88.068
100.000 78.488 47.532
50.000
6.760
6.167
4.152
1.292
415 415
040 040
008 008
-
- - -
------
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- - - 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 135 Table 104. Total Narcotics Suspects Based on Gender, 2012 – 2016
YEAR NO. GENDER TOTAL 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1. Male 104 170 115 102 194 685 2. Female 36 62 46 18 26 188
TOTAL 140 232 161 120 220 873
Source : Directorate General of Customs and Excise, Ministry of Finance RI, March 2017
Diagram 26. Total Narcotics Suspects Based on Gender, 2012 – 2016
250
200 194
170
150
115 104 102 100
62
50 46 36 26 18
0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Male Female
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 136 d. Prisoners and Detainees of Drug Cases Throughout Indonesia, from Ministry of Justice and Human Rights RI
Table 105. Total Prisoners and Detainees of Drug Cases Throughout Indonesia by Province, 2012 – 2016
YEAR NO. REGINAL OFFICE 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. Aceh 659 1,706 1,654 1.923 2.287 2. North Sumatera 2.595 64 9,266 6.835 12.968 3. West Sumatera 233 1,149 1,115 1.353 1.392 4. Riau Islands 531 1,209 1,198 1.586 2.038 5. Riau 234 2,689 3,011 3.630 3.641 6. Jambi 195 906 973 1.247 1.665 7. South Sumatera 838 2,275 2,632 3.072 4.173 8. Bangka Belitung 110 483 568 687 742 9. Lampung 505 1,715 1,161 1,299 2,158 10. Bengkulu 43 438 416 515 518 11. Banten 904 3,502 3,260 3,443 4,187 12. DKI Jakarta 3,623 10,026 11,262 13,027 11,699 13. West Java 2,327 7,111 7,461 6,559 8,623 14. DI Yogyakarta 1,387 319 260 264 309 15. Central Java 164 3,237 2,606 2,378 2,819 16. East Java 1,301 4,055 4,310 3,701 4.360 17. West Kalimantan 243 811 837 1,208 1,404 18. Central Kalimantan 1,184 688 721 651 1,000 19. South Kalimantan 446 3,249 3,522 2,283 3,759 20. East Kalimantan 194 1,592 1,885 2,732 6,037 21. North Sulawesi 227 64 73 10 38 22. Gorontalo 149 56 70 15 71 23. Central Sulawesi 9 342 279 234 138 24. South Sulawesi 356 1,125 1,796 2,132 3,408 25. West Sulawesi 30 78 81 165 247 26. S.E. Sulawesi 55 213 273 307 442 27. Bali 109 459 392 527 794 28. West Nusa Tenggara 26 375 335 112 175 29. East Nusa Tenggara 9 25 33 25 12 30. Maluku 21 87 103 90 152 31. North Maluku 27 70 68 63 69 32. West Papua 15 28 36 16 146 33. Papua - 37 160 235 35 T o t a l 18,749 55,671 61,819 62,324 81,506
Source : Dirgen of Correctional Institutions Ministry of Justice and Human Rights RI, March 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 137 Table 106. Total Prisoners and Detainees of Drug Cases in Indonesia By Province Based on Classification of Distributor/Dealer and Drug Abuser, 2015 – 2016
DRUG CASE 2015 2016 NO. REGIONAL OFFICE DISTRIBU- DRUG DISTRIBU- DRUG TOR/ ABU- TOTAL TOR/ ABU- TOTAL DEALER SER DEALER SER 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1. Aceh 1,089 834 1.923 1.368 919 2.287 2. North Sumatera 4,036 2.799 6.835 8.596 4.372 12.968 3. West Sumatera 781 572 1.353 784 608 1.392 O4. Riau Islands 1,195 391 1.586 1.464 574 2.038 5. Riau 2.312 1.318 3.630 3.019 622 3.641 6. Jambi 963 284 1.247 1.201 464 1.665 7. South Sumatera 1.507 1.565 3.072 2.920 1.253 4.173 8. Bangka Belitung 569 118 687 632 110 742 9. Lampung 498 801 1.299 1.311 847 2.158 10. Bengkulu 346 169 515 427 91 518 11. Banten 1.478 1.965 3.443 1.857 2.330 4.187 12. DKI Jakarta 7.666 5.361 13.027 7.998 3.701 11.699 13. West Java 4,888 1,671 6,559 7,236 1,387 8,623 14. DI Yogyakarta 151 113 264 169 140 309 15. Central Java 1,675 703 2,378 1,940 879 2,819 16. East Java 752 2,949 3,701 1,162 3,198 4,360 17. West Kalimantan 409 799 1,208 666 738 1,404 18. Central Kalimantan 269 382 651 595 405 1,000 19. South Kalimantan 1,174 1.109 2,283 2,692 1,067 3,759 20. East Kalimantan 2,328 404 2,732 3,840 2,197 6,037 21. North Sulawesi 2 8 10 10 28 38 22. Gorontalo - 15 15 - 71 71 23. Central Sulawesi 161 73 234 15 123 138 24. South Sulawesi 812 1,320 2,132 1,765 1,643 3,408 25. West Sulawesi 99 66 165 193 54 247 26. S.E. Sulawesi 244 63 307 305 137 442 27. Bali 356 171 527 533 261 794 28. Westt Nusa Tenggara 93 19 112 106 69 175 29. East Nusa Tenggara 11 14 25 2 10 12 30. Maluku 22 68 90 38 114 152 31. North Maluku 59 4 63 65 4 69 32. West Papua 15 1 16 137 9 146 33. Papua 191 44 235 23 12 35 TOTAL 36,671 26,173 62,324 53,069 28,437 81,506
Source : Dirgen of Correctional Institutions Ministry of Justice and Human Rights RI, March 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 138 Diagram 27. Total Prisoners and Detainees of Narcotic Cases In Indonesia, 2012 – 2016
90.000 81.506 80.000 70.000 61.819 62.324 60.000 55.671
50.000
40.000
30.000 18.749 20.000 10.000
-
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Diagram 28. Total Prisoners and Detainees in Indonesia Based on Classification of Distributor/Dealer and Abusers, 2015 – 2016
90.000 81.506 80.000
70.000 62.324 60.000 53.069 50.000 36.151 40.000 26.173 28.437 30.000 20.000 10.000 - 2015 2016
Distribution/Dealer Drug Abuser Total
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 139 e. Data of Detainees of Narcotic Cases from BNN, 2012 – 2016.
Table 107. Total Detainees Of Narcoticf Cases Based on Nationality, 2012 – 2016
TOTAL DETAINEES NO. NATIONALITY 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. Indonesian 182 223 163 176 227 2. Iran 2 - 5 1 - 3. Malaysia 2 1 1 1 7 4. United States - - - 1 1 5. Nigeria 11 5 4 11 1 6. India - 3 - - - 7. Republic of China - 2 6 1 2 8. Taiwan - 1 - 2 2 9. Mozambique - - - - - 10. France - - - - - 11. Philippines - - - - - 12. Kenya 1 - 2 - - 13. Sweden - - - - - 14. Thailand - 1 1 - - 15. England - 1 1 - - 16. Turkey - - - - - 17. Botswana - - - - - 18. Sierra Leone 1 - - - - 19. Cameroon 1 - - - - 20. South Africa 1 1 - - 1 21. Ivory Coast 1 1 - - - 22. Vietnam - 1 - 1 - 23. Mali - 1 - - - 24. Germany - 2 - - - 25. Pakistan - 1 1 1 3 26. Austria - 1 - - - 27. Hong Kong - - 2 7 - 28. Liberia - - 1 - - 29. Canada - - 1 - - 30. Australia - - - 1 - 31. Cambodia - - - - 1 TOTAL 202 245 188 203 245
Source : BNN Deputy of Eradication, March 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 140 Diagram 29. Total Detainees of Narcotic Cases Bsed on Nationality, 2012 – 2016
Cambodia 1
Australia 1 Canada 1 Liberia 1
Hongkong 2 7
Austria 1
Pakistan 1 1 1 3
Germany 2
Mali 1
Vietnam 1 1
Ivory Coast 1 1
South Africa 1 1 1
Cameroon 1
Sierra Leone 1
England 1 1
Thailand 1 1
Mozambique 1 2
Taiwan 1 2 2
Republic of China 2 6 1 2
India 3
Nigeria 11 5 4 11 1
United States 1 1
Malaysia 2 1 1 1 7
Iran 2 5 1
Indonesian 182 223 163 176 227
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 141 Table 108. Total Detainees of Narcoticf Cases Based on Gender 2012 – 2016
TOTAL DETAINEES NO. GENDER 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. Male 158 199 149 168 216
2. Female 44 46 39 35 29
TOTAL 202 245 188 203 245
Source : BNN Deputy of Eradication, March 2017
Diagram 30. Total Detainees of Narcotic Cases Based on Gender, 2012 – 2016
250
216 199 200
168 158 149 150
100
46 44 39 50 35 29
0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Male Female
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 142 Table 109. Total Deetainees of Narcotic Cases Based on Age group, 2012 – 2016
TOTAL DETAINEES NO. AGE GROUP 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. < 16 Years - - - - - 2. 16 – 20 Years 4 8 2 1 5 3. 21 – 25 Years 25 31 20 25 23 4. 26 – 30 Years 38 51 36 32 36 5. 31 – 36 Years 53 56 44 49 56 6. 36 – 40 Years 39 40 35 49 48 7. 41 – 45 Years 24 30 27 16 21 8. 46 – 50 Years 11 20 15 17 13 9. > 50 Years 8 9 9 14 5 TOTAL 202 245 188 203 245
Source : BNN Deputy of Eradication, March 2017
Diagram 31. Total Detainees of Narcotic Cases Based on Age Group, 2012 – 2016
60 56 56 53 51 49 49 50 48 44
39 40 40 38 36 35 36 32 31 30 30 27 25 25 24 23 20 20 21 20 17 15 16 14 13 11 9 9 10 8 8 4 5 5 2 1 0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
<16 Years 16-20 Years 21-25 Years 26-30 Years 31-36 Years 36-40 Years 41-45 Years 46-50 Years >50 Years
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 143 2. Demand Reduction.
a. Data of Drug Abusers Accessing Rehabilitation Services at Supported Rehabilitation Centers, and Drug Abusers Receiving Treatment at BNN Rehabilitation Center from BNN, 2012 – 2016.
1) Data of Drug Abusers Accessing Supported Rehabilitation Services, 2012 – 2016
Table 110. Total Drug Abusers Based on Gender, 2012 – 2016
TOTAL CLIENTS NO. GENDER 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 1. Male 12,277 4,342 2,653 17,415 - 2. Female 1,325 638 212 2,467 - 3. Nor Registered - - - - 16,185 TOTAL 13,602 4,980 2,865 19,882 16,185
Source : BNN Deputy of Rehabilitation, March 2017
Diagram 32. Total Drug Abusers Based on Gender, 2012 – 2016
25.000 Male Female Total
19.882 20.000
17.415 16.185
15.000 13.602 12.277
10.000
4.980 5.000 4.342 2.653 2.865 2.467 1.325 638 212 - - - 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 144 Table 111. Total Drug Abusers Based on Age Group, 2012 – 2016
TOTAL DRUG ABUSERS NO. AGE GROUP 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. < 15 Years 134 65 40 874 - 2. 15 – 20 Years 941 425 320 4,253 - 3. 21 – 25 Years 4,262 785 421 4,199 - 4. 26 – 30 Years 4,399 1,348 634 3,505 - 5. 31 – 35 Years 3,592 1,312 832 3,164 - 6. 36 – 39 Years 1,454 626 430 1,910 - 7. > 40 Years 820 419 188 1,977 - 8. Not Registered - - - - 16,185 TOTAL 13,602 4,980 2,865 19,882 16,185
Source : BNN Deputy of Rehabilitation, March 2017
Diagram 33. Total Drug Abusers Based om Age Group, 2012 – 2016
18.000 16.185 16.185 16.000
14.000
12.000
10.000
8.000
6.000
4.399 4.399
4.253 4.253
4.199 4.199
3.592 3.592 3.505 3.505
4.000 3.164
2.262 2.262
1.977 1.977
1.910 1.910
1.454 1.454 1.348 1.348
2.000 1.312
941 941
874 874
832 832
820 820
785 785
634 634
626 626
430 430
425 425
421 421
419 419
320 320
188 188
134 134
65 65
40 40
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- - - - 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
<15 Years 15-20 Years 21-25 Years 26-30 Years 31-35 Years 36-39 Years >40 Years Not Registered
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 145 2) Data of Drug Abusers Receiving Treatament at BNN Rehabilitation Center 2012 – 2016
Table 112. Total Drug Aabusers at BNN Rehabilitation Center Based on Gender, 2012 – 2016
TOTAL DRUG ABUSERS NO. GENDER 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. Male 832 757 748 1,130 1,854
2. Female 76 40 52 82 103
TOTAL 908 797 800 1,212 1,957
Source : BNN Rehabilitation Center, March 2017
Diagram 34. Total Drug Abusers at BNN Rehabilitation Center Based on Gender, 2012 – 2016
2.000 1.854
1.800
1.600
1.400 1.130 1.200
1.000 832 757 748 800
600
400
103 200 76 40 52 82 - 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Male Female
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 146 Table 113. Total Drug Abusers at BNN Rehabilitation Center Based on ge Group, 2012 – 2016
TOTAL DRUG ABUSERS NO. AGE GROUP 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. < 15 Years 17 5 3 9 17 2. 15 – 20 Years 114 137 130 188 357 3. 21 – 25 Years 216 149 193 297 470 4. 26 – 30 Years 235 199 212 289 427 5. 31 – 35 Years 212 201 150 239 381 6. 36 – 40 Years 80 80 79 118 195 7. > 41 Years 34 26 33 72 110 8. Not Registered - - - - - TOTAL 908 797 800 1,212 1,957
Source : Rehabilitation Center BNN, March 2017
Diagram 35. Total Total Drug Abusers at BNN Rehabilitation Center Based on Age Group, 2012 – 2016 500
<15 Thn 15-20 Thn 21-25 Years 26-30 Years 470
450 31-35 Years 36-40 Years >41 Years Not Registered 427
400
381 357
350 297
300 289 239
250 235
216
212
212
201
199
195 193
200 188
150 149
150 137
130
118
110 114
100
80
80
79 72
50 34
33
26
17
17
9
5
3
-
-
- - 0 - 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 147 Table 114. Total Total Drug Abusers at BNN Rehabilitation Center Based on Education, 2012 – 2016
TOTAL DRUG ABUSERS NO. EDUCATION 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 2 3 4 5 5 6 1. Elementary 41 48 40 61 132 2. Junior High 114 124 118 152 317 3. Senior High 465 470 505 750 1,209 4. Diplome 75 49 47 93 63 5. Bachelor 84 100 84 139 217 6. Master 6 6 2 7 6 7. No schooling - - 1 10 8 8. Elementary Dropout - - 3 - 3 9. Not Registered 123 - - - 2 TOTAL 908 797 800 1,212 1,957
Source : BNN Rehabilitation Center, March 2017
Diagram 36. Total Drug Abusers at BNN Rehabilitation Center Based on Education, 2012 – 2016 1.400 SD SMP SMA
Diploma S1 S2 1.209 1.200 Tidak Sekolah Tidak Lulus SD Tidak Terdata
1.000
800 750
600
505 505
470 470 465 465
400
317 317
217 217
144 144
152 152 139 139
200 132
123 123
124 124
118 118
100 100
93 93
84 84
84 84
63 63
61 61
75 75
49 49
47 47
41 41
40 40
48 48
10 10
8 8
7 7
6 6
6 6
6 6
3 3
3 3
2 2
2 2
1 1
-
-
-
-
-
-
- - - 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 148 Table 115. Total Drug Abusers at BNN Rehabilitation Center Based on Type of Drug Consumed, 2012 – 2016
TOTAL DRUG ABUSERS NO. ABUSED DRUG 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. Opiates 320 56 98 70 42 2. Methampetamines 673 304 690 1,110 1,574 3. Amphetamines 546 13 - - - 4. THC 341 52 295 481 443 5. Benzodiazepines 218 22 64 93 98 6. Barbiturates - - - - - 7. Cocaine 36 1 2 2 1 8. Multiple Drugs - 348 7 - 215 9. Cathinone - 1 - - - 10. MDMA - - 153 302 225 11. Others 108 - - 30 61 TOTAL 2,242 797 1,309 2,088 2,659 Source : BNN Rehabilitation Center, March 2017
Diagram 37. Total Drug Abusers at BNN Rehabilitation Center Based on Type Drug Consumed 2012 – 2016
1.600 1.574
1.400
1.200 1.110
1.000
800 690 673 673
600 546
481 481
443 443
348 348
341 341
304 304 302 302
400 320
295 295
225 225
215 215
218 218 153 153
200 98
98 98
93 93
70 70
64 64
42 42
56 56
52 52
36 36
7 7
-
22 22
13 13
2 2
1 1
1 1
1 1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2 2
-
- - - 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Opiat Methamphetamine Amphetamine THC Benzodiazepine Barbiturate Cocaine Multiple Drug Cathinone MDMA Lainnya
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 149 b. Data of Injecting Drug User (IDU) and HIV/AIDS From Ministry of Health RI, 2012 – 2016.
Table 116. Total Cumulative AIDS Cases Based on Gender, 2012 – 2016
TOTAL CUMULATIVE AIDS CASES NO. GENDER 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. Male 23,702 28,846 32,228 36,034 41,119 2. Female 12,338 15,565 17,457 19,731 22,089 3. Not Known 6,847 7,937 8,157 8,158 8,206 TOTAL 42,887 52,348 57,842 63,923 71,414
Source : Directorate General of PP and PL Ministry of Health RI, March 2017
Diagram 38. Total Cumulative AIDS Cases Based on Gender, 2012 – 2016
40000 36.034
35000 32.228 28.846 30000
23.702 25000 20.333 19.731 20000 17.457 15.565
15000 12.338
8.122 10000 6.847 7.937 8.157 8.158
5000 302 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Laki-Laki Perempuan Tidak Diketahui
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 150 Table 117. TOTAL Cumulative AIDS Cases Based on Risk Factor, 2012 – 2016
TOTAL CUMULATIVE AIDS CASES NO. RISK FACTOR 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. Heterosexual 25,534 32,719 45,230 50,264 55,809
2. Homo Bisexual 1,009 1,274 5,132 5,624 6,890
3. IDU 7,752 8,407 10,201 10,360 10,554
4. Blood Transfusion 85 123 123 133 150
5. Prenatal Transmission 1,158 1,438 1,438 1,680 1,963
6. Not Known 7,116 7,954 14,029 14,128 14,276
Source : Directorate General of PP and PL Ministry of Health RI, March 2017
Diagram 39. TOTAL Cumulative AIDS Cases Based on Risk Factor 2012 – 2016
60.000
55.809 55.809 50.264 50.264
50.000 45.230 45.230
40.000 32.719 32.719
30.000 25.534 25.534
20.000
14.276 14.276
14.128 14.128
14.029 14.029
10.554 10.554
10.360 10.360
10.201 10.201
8.407 8.407
7.954 7.954
7.752 7.752 7.116 7.116
10.000 6.890
5.624 5.624
5.132 5.132
1.963 1.963
1.680 1.680
1.438 1.438
1.438 1.438
1.274 1.274
1.158 1.158
1.009 1.009
150 150
133 133
123 123
123 123 85 85 - 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Heterosexual Homo Bisexual IDU Blood Transfusion Prenatal Transmission Not Know
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 151 Table 118. Total Cumulative AIDS Cases Based on Age Group, 2012 – 2016
TOTALCUMULATIVE AIDS CASES NO. AGE GROUP 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. < 1 year 159 234 261 300 347 2. 1 – 4 756 921 1,035 1,169 1,318 3. 5 – 14 325 418 489 574 684 4. 15 – 19 1,408 1,710 1,818 1,928 2,038 5. 20 – 29 15,093 17,892 19,438 21,115 23,255 6. 30 – 39 12,044 15,204 17,127 19,339 22,037 7. 40 – 49 4,270 5,628 6,634 7,804 9,142 8. 50 – 59 1,252 1,733 2,096 2,577 3,187 9. > 60 404 522 606 718 906 10. Not known 1,767 8,086 8,338 8,399 8,500 Source : Directorate General of PP and PL Ministry of Health RI, March 2017
Diagram 40. Total Cumulataive AIDS Cases Based on Age Group, 2012 – 2016
25.000
23.255
22.037
21.115 19.438
20.000 19.339
17.892
17.127
15.204 15.093
15.000 12.044
10.000 9.142
8.500
8.399
8.338
8.086
7.804
6.634 5.628
5.000 4.270
3.187
2.577
2.096
2.038
1.928
1.818
1.767
1.733
1.710
1.408
1.318
1.252
1.169
1.035
921 921
906 906
756 756
718 718
684 684
606 606
574 574
522 522
489 489
418 418
404 404
347 347
325 325
300 300
261 261
234 234 159 159 - 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
< 1 Years 1 – 4 Years 5 – 14 Years 15 – 19 Years 20 – 29 Years 30 – 39 Years 40 – 49 Years 50 – 59 Years > 60 Years Not Know
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 152 Table 119. Total Cumulative AIDS Cases By Province, 2012 – 2016
TOTAL CUMULATIVE AIDS CASES NO. PROVINCE 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. Aceh 134 165 209 258 318 2. North Sumatera 515 1,301 1,532 1,585 1,703 3. West Sumatera 802 952 1,192 1,192 1,344 4. Riau 827 992 1,159 1,412 1,664 5. Jambi 358 437 496 548 623 6. South Sumatera 322 322 409 584 699 7. Bengkulu 178 160 179 203 258 8. Lampung 244 423 494 605 681 9. Bangka Belitung 161 303 319 380 408 10. Riau Islands 375 382 382 594 818 11. DKI Jakarta 6,299 7,477 7,607 7,737 8,292 12. West Java 4,098 4,131 4,191 4,848 5,230 13. Central Java 2,815 3,339 4,079 5,042 6,444 14. DI Yogyakarta 782 916 916 1,007 1,119 15. East Java 6,900 8,725 9,552 10,199 11,309 16. Banten 851 1,042 1,134 1,268 1,459 17. Bali 3,344 3,985 4,712 5,669 6,551 18. West Nusa Tenggara 379 456 509 598 673 19. East Nusa Tenggara 420 496 885 885 912 20. West Kalimantan 1,699 1,699 1,720 1,899 2,009 21. Central Kalimantan 155 97 120 146 205 22. South Kalimantan 118 334 410 410 410 23. East Kalimantan 332 332 506 760 937 24. North Kalimantan - - 32 75 105 25. North Sulawwesi 652 798 961 1.141 1.340 26. Central Sulawesi 3 190 302 414 486 27. South Sulawesi 1,446 1,703 1,912 2,057 2,628 28. Central S.E.Sulawesi 123 212 266 326 388 29. Gorontalo 54 68 74 99 136 30. West Sulawesi 312 - 3 3 12 31. Maluku 312 437 543 605 733 32. North Maluku 109 165 222 326 402 33. West Papua 192 187 200 207 207 34. Papua 7,795 10,116 10,609 10,835 10,905 TOTAL 42,887 52,348 57,842 63,917 71,408
Source : Directorate General of PP and PL Ministry of Health RI, March 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 153 Diagram 41. Total Cumulative AIDS Cases by Province, 2012 – 2016
4.449 7.795 Papua 10.116 10.609 10.835 187 Papua Barat 192 200 207 207 109 165 222 402 North Maluku 326 733 Maluku 312 437 543 605 - West Sulawesi 3 12 54 68 74 99 Gorontalo 136 Central S.E. Sulawesi 123 212 266 326 388 1.703 2.057 South Sulawesi 1.446 1.446 1.912 3 190 302 414 Central Sulawesi 486 961 North Sulawesi 652 798 1.141 1.340 - 32 North Kalimantan - 75 105 332 506 760 East Kalimantan 332 937 410 South Kalimantan 118 334 410 410 155 97 120 Central Kalimantan 146 205 1.699 1.720 1.720 West Kalimantan 1.699 1.899 420 885 East Nusa Tenggara 496 885 912 379 456 509 West Nusa Tenggara 598 673 4.712 Bali 3.344 3.985 4.712 5.669 1.042 1.042 Banten 851 1.134 1.268 10.199 East Java 4.598 6.900 8.725 9.552 782 1.007 DI Yogyakarta 916 916 3.339 Central Java 1.602 2.815 4.079 5.042 4.131 4.191 West Java 3.939 40.98 4.848 5.117 6.299 1.301 7.737 DKI Jakarta 7.607 375 594 818 Riau Island 382 382 161 303 Bangka Belitung 319 380 408 244 681 Lampung 1.446 1.703 605 1.269 1.699 Bengkulu 1.699 203 258 2.815 3.339 699 South Sumatera 1.602 584 3.985 623 Jambi 2.428 3.344 548 3.939 4.098 4.131 1.159 1.412 Riau 6.900 West Sumatera 4.598 8.725 1.192 1.192 10.116 1.532 1.585 North Sumatera 4.449 7.795 6.299 7.477 Aceh 5.117 258 318
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 154
c. Data Contact Center BNN dan Website BNN Tahun 2012 – 2016. 1) Data Contact Center BNN Tahun 2012 – 2016. Table 120. Total Information Received by BNN Contact Center Base don Type of Information, 2012 – 2016
YEAR NO. TYP OF INFORMATION 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. Prevention 55 81 92 166 160 2. Rehabilitation 183 311 356 684 424 3. Eradication 607 1,804 1,098 2,421 2,934 4. Public Relation 3 20 8 47 27 5. Data & Information 11 14 5 58 48 6. General Information 2,615 2,909 4,391 2,917 2,302 Community Complain to 7. - 3 1 18 7 Principal Inspectorate TOTAL 3,474 5,142 5,915 6,311 5,902
Source : BNN Center of Research, Data and Information, March 2017
Diagram 42. Total Information Received by BNN Contact Center Based on Type of Information, 2012 – 2016
4.500 4.391 4.391 4.000
3.500
2.934 2.934 2.917 2.917
3.000 2.909
2.615 2.615 2.421 2.421
2.500 2.302
2.000 1.804
1.500 1.098 1.098
1.000 684
607 607
424 424
356 356 311 311
500 183
166 166
160 160
92 92
81 81
58 58
55 55
48 48
47 47
27 27
20 20
18 18
14 14
11 11
8 8
7 7
5 5
3 3
3 3
1 1 - - 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Prevention Rehabilitation Eradication Data & Information Public Relation General Information Community Complain to Principal Inspectorate
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 155
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 156 CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS ON THE PREVENTION OF DRUG ABUSE AND ILLICIT TRAFFICKING IN DRUGS
The following shows an analysis on the national trend of P4GN in the period 2012 – 2016 : 1. Supply Reduction. a. The Trend Cases, Suspects and Evidence of Drug Crimes in the period of 2012 – 2016 from National Police and BNN .
Table 121. The Trend of Drug Cases Based on Drug Classification, 2012 – 2016
YEAR NO. CASE 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. Narcotics 19,081 21,269 23,134 28,588 36,279 TREND 11.47% 8.77% 23.58% 26.90% Psychotropic 2. 1,729 1,612 838 891 1,540 Substancess TREND -6.77% -48.01% 6.32% 72.84% Other Addictive 3. 7,917 12,705 10,885 11,418 9,774 Substances TREND 60.48% -14.33% 4.90% -14.40%
Source : National Police & BNN, March 2017
Table 121 above shows the following trend of drug cases: 1) 2016 In 2016, the largest increase is seen in cases of psychotropic substances, with a percentage of 72.84%, from 891 cases in 2015 to 1,540 in 2016. Cases of other addictive substances declined with 14.4%, from 11,418 cases in 2015 to 9,774 in 2016. 2) 2012 – 2016 The largest number of cases concerns Narcotics in 2016 with a total of 36,279 cases, and the lowest in number belongs to cases of Psychotropic Substances, namely 838 The largest increasing trend is indicated in cases of Other Addictive Substances from 2015 to 2016, with a percentage of 72.84%, and the largest decrease belongs to cases of Psychotropic Substances, from 2013 to 2014, of 48.01%. Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 157 Table 122. Trend of Drug Suspects Based on Drug Classification, 2012 – 2016
YEAR NO. SUSPECTS 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. Narcotics 25,309 28,788 31,084 38,152 47,384 TREND 13.75% 7.98% 22.74% 24.20% 2. Psychotropic Subst. 2,062 1,868 978 1,014 1,778 TREND -9.41% -47.64% 3.68% 75.35% Other Addictive 3. 8,269 13,356 11,397 12,166 11,227 Subst. TREND 61.52% -14.67% 6.75% -7.72%
Source : National Police & BNN, March 2017
Table 122 above shows the following trend of drug cases:
1) Trend in 2016 2016 indicates an increase in the number of drug suspects, the largest concerns suspects of psychotropic substances, showing a percentage of 75.35%, from 1,014 suspects in 2015 to 1,778 in 2016. Suspects related to other addictive substances decreased with a percentage of 7.72%, from 12,166 in 2015 to 11,227 in 2016.
2) 2012 – 2016 The highest in rank belongs to suspects of Narcotic cases in 2016, i.e. 47,384, and the lowest to suspects related to Psychotropic Substances in 2014, namely 978. The largest increase of suspects is indicated in cases of Other Addictive Substances from 2015 to 2016 (75.35%), while the largest decrease in suspects of Psychotropic Substances from 2013 to 2014 (47.64%)
Table 123. Trend of Drug Suspects Based on Nationality, 2012 – 2016
YEAR NO. NATIONALITY 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. Indonesians 35,524 43,885 43,264 51,158 60,226 TREND 23.54% -1.42% 18.25% 17.73% 2. Foreign Nationals 116 127 195 174 163 TREND 9.48% 53.54% -10.77% -6.32%
Source : National Police & BNN, March 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 158 Table 123 above shows the following trend of drug cases:
1) Trend in 2016 Based on nationality, the largest number of suspects arrested for drug cases are Indonesians, (60,226), showing an increase in percentage of 17.73%. While arrests of foreign suspects shows a decrease of 6.32%, from 174 in 2015 to 163 in 2016.
2) Trend from 2012 to 2016 Indonesians are the largest number of drug suspects in 2016 (60,226), the lowest in rank belongs to suspects of foreign nationality in 2012: (116). The largest increase in drug suspects from 2013 to 2014 belonged to foreign suspects, (53.54%), while from 2014 to 2015 there was a large decrease of 10.77% in the number of foreign drug suspects.
Table 124. Trend of Drug Suspects Based on Gender, 2012 – 2016
YEAR NO. GENDER 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. Male 32,358 39,715 39,383 47,079 55,439 TREND 22.74% -0.84% 19.54% 17.76% 2. Female 3,282 4,297 4,076 4,253 4,950 TREND 30.93% -5.14% 4.34% 16.39%
Source : National Police & BNN, March 2017
Table 124 above shows the following trend of drug cases:
1) Trend in 2016 In 2016, the largest number of arrested drug suspects are males with a total of 55,439
2) From 2012 to 2016 The highest in rank of drug suspects is placed by male suspects in 2016 (55,439), while the lowest in rank are females in 2012 (3,282). The Trend in the largest increase of female drug suspects is seen from 2012 to 2013 (30.93%), and the largest decrease in female drug suspects is from 2013 to 2014 (5.14%).
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 159 Table 125. Trend of Drug Suspects Based on Age Group, 2012 – 2016
YEAR NO. AGE GROUP 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. < 16 Years 132 122 130 99 126
TREND -7.58% 6.56% -23.85% 27.27%
2. 16 – 19 Years 2,106 2,382 2,254 2,164 2,312
TREND 13.11% -5.37% -3.99% 6.84%
3. 20 – 24 Years 5,478 6,269 6,555 7,174 8,889
TREND 14.44% 4.56% 9.44% 23.91%
4. 25 – 29 Years 10,339 16,216 14,195 15,275 17,637
TREND 56.84% -12.46% 7.61% 15.,46%
5. > 29 Years 17,585 19,023 20,325 26,620 31,425
TREND 8.18% 6.84% 30.97% 18.05%
Source : National Police & BNN, March 2017
Table 125 above shows the following trend of drug cases:
1) Trend in 2016 Based on age group, in 2016 the majority of drug suspects belong to the age group of 29 years wjth a total of 31,425 persons. The smallest in number are those below 16 years (126). As a whole there is an increase in trend. The highest in rank are suspects under 16 years (27.27%). From 99 arrested in 2015 it became 126 in 2016.
2) Trend from 2012 to 2016 Suspects with the largest number are in the age group of above 29 years in 2016 (31,425) and the least are under 16 years of age (99). The largest increase in drug suspects are between 25 – 29 years (56.84%) and the largest decrease in the number of drug suspects are below 16 years from 2014 to 2015 (23.85%).
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 160 Table 126. Trend of Drug Suspects Based on Education, 2012 – 2016
YEAR NO. EDUCATION 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. Elementary 4,980 7,573 7,147 7,112 8,008 TREND 5207% -5.63% -0.49% 12.60% 2. Junior High 9,768 12,216 12,373 12,765 15,368 TREND 25.06% 1.29% 3.17% 20.39% 3. Senior High 19,730 23,086 22,708 30,055 35,331 TREND 17.01% -1.64% 32.25% 17.55% 4. University 1,162 1,137 1,231 1,367 1,619 TREND -2.15% 8.27% 11.05% 18.43% 5. No schooling - - - 33 29 TREND - - - - -12.12% 6. Drop out - - - - 25 TREND - - - - 7. Not registered - - - - 9 TREND - - - - -
Source : National Police & BNN, March 2017
Table 126 above shows the following trend of drug cases:
1) Trend di Tahun 2016 Based on education as their background drug suspects from highschool place the highest in rank in 2016 (35,331) showing an increase percentage of 17.55%. Suspects with the lowest rank are university students (1,619), but when compared to 2015 there is an increase of 17.43%. 29 suspects have no educational background, and 25 suspects are dropouts.
2) Trend from 2012 to 2016 The highest number of suspects (35,331) have passed high school, the lowest in number are suspects who passed university level in 2013 (1,137 suspects). The highest increase of drug suspects have passed elementary (52.07%) from 2012 to 2013, and the largest decrease of 5,63% from 2013 to 2014 are suspects who passed Elementary school.
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 161 Table 127. Trend of Drug Suspects Based on Occupation, 2012 – 2016
YEAR NO. OCCUPATION 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. Govt,Employee 320 413 362 453 468 TREND 29.06% -12.35% 25.14% 3.31% 2. National Police/Armed Forces 287 262 326 355 389 TREND -8.71% 24.43% 8.90% 9.58% 3. Private Sector 16,071 19,804 18,511 20,778 24,236 TREND 23.23% -6.53% 12.25% 16.64% 4. Entrepreneur 7,545 9,105 11,430 14,357 16,481 TREND 20.68% 25.54% 25.61% 14.79% 5. Farmer 1,388 2,108 1,551 1,869 2,087 TREND 51.87% -26.42% 20.50% 11.66% 6. Labourer 4,,025 4,954 4,570 5,283 6,438 TREND 23,08% -7,75% 15,60% 21,86% 7. Univ. Student 710 870 883 981 1.100 TREND 22,54% 1,49% 11,10% 12,13% 8. School student 695 1.121 778 874 1.260 TREND 61,29% -30,60% 12,34% 44,16% 9. Unemployed 4,599 5,375 5,048 6,382 7,390 TREND 16.87% -6.08% 26.43% 15.79% Source : National Police & BNN, March 2017
Table 127 above shows the following trend of drug cases:
1) Trend in 2016 In 2016, workers from the private sector are the largest number of drug suspects totaling to 24,236, indicating an increase of 16.64%. The lowest in number are from National Police and Armed Forces (389), but compared to 2014 there is a slight increase of 9.58%. In general, an increase occurred in the number of suspects at all sectors of occupation, if compared to 2015. The largest increase is seen among school students with a percentage of 44.16%, from 874 arrested in 2015 to 1,260 suspects in 2016.
2) Trend from 2012 to 2016 The largest number of suspects is seen among workers in the private sector (24,236), and the smallest among members of the National Police/Armed Forces in 2013 (262 suspects). From 2012 to 2013 the largest increase of suspects (61.29%) is seen among school students, and the largest decrease also happened among school students from 2013 to 2014 (30.60%).
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 162 Table 128. Trend of Total Seized Cannabis, 2012 – 2016
YEAR NO. SEIZED EVIDENCE 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. Cannabis Herbs (Gr) 22,335,281.98 17,777,141.76 68,541,872.75 29,389,318.93 13,889,499.06
TREND -20.41% 285.56% -57.12% -52.74%
2. Cannabis trees (stems) 341,395.00 534,829 92,481 101,195 2,196,418
TREND 56.66% -82.71% 9.42% 2,070.48%
3. Cultivation area (Ha) 89.50 119,9 14 166.5 430
TREND 33.97% -88.32% 1.089.29% 158.26%
4. Cannaabis seeds (Gr) 284.91 12 378.33 6.28 1,582.69
TREND -95.79% 3.052.75% -98.34% 25,102.07%
Source : National Police & BNN, March 2017
Table 128 above shows the following trend of drug cases:
1) Trend di Tahun 2016 In 2016, the percentage of the largest increase (25,102.07%) was for cannabis seeds, from 6,28 grams in 2015 to 1,582.69 grams in 2016. A significant decrease is seen in seizures of cannabis herbs (52.74%), from 29.389,318.93 grams seized in 2015 to 13,889,299.93 grams in 2016. A reverse comparison occurred between cannabis seeds and cannabis trees with seized cannabis herbs in 2016.
2) Trend from 2012 to 2016 The largest seizure of cannabis herbs in 2014 with a total of 68,541,872.75 grams, while the smallest seizure occurred in 2016 (13,889,400.06 grams). The highest seizure in rank for cannabis trees occurred in 2016 (2,196,418 stems), while the smallest in 2014 with a total of 92,481 stems. The largest disclosure of cultivation area was made in 2016 (430 ha), and the smallest in 2014 (14 ha).
The largest seizure of cannabis seeds was made in 2016 (1,582.69 grams), the smallest in 2015 (6.28 grams).
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 163 Table 129. Trend of Seized Narcotics, 2012 – 2016
YEAR SEIZED NO. EVIDENCE 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. Heroin (Gr) 52,425.24 11,269.94 12,195.44 13,329.34 2,262.06
TREND -78.50% 8.21% 9.30% -83.03%
2. Cocaine (Gr) 6,736.84 2,035 373.33 10.54 369.03
TREND -69.79% -81.65% -97.18% 3,401.23%
3. Morphine (Gr) - - - - 107.44
TREND - - - - -
4. Hashish (Gr) 7,836.44 2,067.68 4,237.49 199.62 2,982.96
TREND -73.61% 104.94% -95.29% 1,394.32%
5. Ecstasy (Tbl) 4,271,619.00 1,165,178 490,121.25 1,980,873 1,694.970
TREND -72.72% -57.94 304.16% -14.43%
6. Shabu (Gr) 2,054,149.51 542,652.32 1,147,588.54 4,420,166,834 2,631,078.89
TREND -73.58% 111.48% 285.17% -40.48%
Source : National Police & BNN, March 2017
Table 129 above shows the following trend of drug cases:
1) Trend in 2016 The largest increase in percentage in 2016 is seen in seizures of cocaine (3,401.23%), from 10.54 grams seized in 2015 to 369.03 grams in 2016.The largest decrease occurred for heroin seizures, from 13,329.34 grams in 2015 to 2,262.06 grams in 2016 with a percentage of 83.03%. One should take notice of the re-emergence of morphine in 2016, that during the previous 5 years no seizures were made for morphine.
2) Trend from 2012 to 2016 In 2012 the highest in rank are seizures of heroin (53,425.24 grams), and the lowest (2,262.06 grams) occurred in 2016. The largest seizures of Cocaine occurred in 2012 (6,736.84 grams), while the least occurred in 2015 (10.54 grams). The largest seizures of Hashish were made in 2012 (7,836 grams), while the least in 2015 totaling to 199.62 grams. The year 2012 showed the largest seizure of Ecstasy indicating a total of 4,420,619.00 tablets. The smallest amount of seizures occurred in 2014 with a total of 490,121.25 tablets.
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 164 Shabu experienced large seizures in 2015 (4,420,166.834 grams) and the smallest in 2013 (542,652.32 grams).
Table 130. Trend of Seized Psychotropic Substances, 2012 – 2016
YEAR NO. SEIZED EVIDENCE 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. Benzodiazepine (Tbl) 512,00 460,806.75 356,631 1,247,895 723,527
TREND -10.09% -22.61% 249.91% -42.02%
2. Barbiturate (Tbl) 426,793.50 181 9,571 7,332 42,952 TREND -99.96% 5,187.85% -23.39% 485.82% 3. Ketamine (Gr) 13,426.00 4,661.51 13,400.09 6,504.98 7.6 TREND -65.28% 187.46% -51,49% -99.88% Controlled 4. 2,064,302.50 5,869,329.5 14,729,227.75 1.646,224.5 4,970,301 Medicines (Tbl) TREND 184.33% 150.95% -88.82% 201.92%
Source : National Police & BNN, March 2017
Table 130 above shows the following trend of drug cases:
1) Trend in 2016 2016 indicates a significant increase in seizures of barbiturates with a percentage of 458.82%. In 2015 7,332 tablets were seized, but in 2016 seized tablets increased to 42,952 tablets. The largest decrease in seizures of Ketamine occurred in 2015, indicating a percentage of 99.88%, from 7.504.98 grams in 2015 to 7.6 grams in 2016.
2) Trend from 2012 to 2016 The year 2015 indicates the largest seizure in benzodiazepines with 1,247,895 tablets seized, and the least amount in seizures occurred in 2014, i.e. 356.631 tablets. The largest amount of barbiturates seized happened in 2012 (426,793 tablets), while the smallest amount in 2013 (181 tablets). Ketamine with the largest amount seized occurred in 2012 (13,426 grams), and the smallest in amount seized was in 2016 (7.6 grams).
The largest seizure of Controlled Medicines was in 2014 (14,729,227.75 tablets), while the smallest amount in 2015 (1,646,224.5 tablets).
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 165 Table 131. Trend of Total Seized Other Addictive Substances, 2012 – 2016
YEAR SEIZED NO. EVIDENCE 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. Alcohol (Btl) 993.489.50 148,161 223,981 252,952 188,084
TREND -85.09% 51.17% 12.93% -25.64%
2. Alcohol (Ltr) 164,780.79 3,022,520.10 16,439,339.45 926,046.41 107,970.45
TREND 1,734.27% 443.90% -94.37% -88.34%
Source : National Police & BNN, March 2017
Table 131 above shows the following trend of drug cases:
1) Trend in 2016 In the year 2016 there was a significant decrease in the amount of seized Alcohol indicating a percentage of 88.34%, from 26,046.41 liters in 2015 to 107,970.45 liters seized in 2016.
2) Trend from 2014 to 2016 The largest amount of seized Alcohol totaling 993,489.5 bottles was in 2012, while the least in amount of 141,161 bottles was in 2013. The largest in amount of liquid Alcohol occurred in 2014 (16,439,339.45 liters), and the smallest amount seized was in 2016 (107,970.45 liters).
b. Trend of Seized Narcotics of Drug Crimes by Ministry of Finance RI, 2014 – 2016
Table 132. Trend of Total and Ranking of Seized Cznnabis Herbs at Airports (Gram) 2014 – 2016
2014 2015 2016 NO. PROVINCE AIRPORT RAN- RAN- RAN- TTL TTL TTL KING KING KING 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1. Bali Ngurah Rai - - 3.2 I 73.37 I Husein 2. West Java - - - - 19.84 II Sastranegara 3. Banten Soekarno Hatta - - - - 9 III
TOTAL - - 3.2 102.21
TREND - 100% 3,094.06%
Source : Directorate General of Customs & Excise Ministry of Finance RI, March 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 166 Table 132 above shows the following trend of drug cases:
1) Trend in 2016 In 2016, the largest seizure of cannabis herbs was made at Nhurah Rai Airport Bali (73.37 grams)
2) Trend from 2014 to 2016 In 3 recent years seizures of cannabis herbs continue to increase at Ngurah Rai Airport Bai, but in 2016 the smuggle of cannabis herbs was again discovered at Husein Sastranegara Airport and Soekarna Hatta Airport. There is great possibility that the main aim is Bali as the destination of tourism.
Table 133. Trend of Total and Ranking of Seized Heroin at Airports (Gram), 2014 – 2016
2014 2015 2016 NO. PROVINCE AIRPORT RAN- RAN- RAN- TTL TTL TTL KING KING KING 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1. Banten Soekarno Hatta - - 414 I - - TOTAL - - 414 - - - TREND 100%
Source : Directorate General of Customs & Excise Ministry of Finance RI, March 2017
Table 133 shows that a seizure of Heroin only occurred in 2015, i.e. at Soekarno Hatta Airport. However, although no seizure was made in 2016 being alert is necessary as there may be a modus operandi that has excaped the watchful eyes of the officers on duty.
Table 134. Trend of Total and Ranking of Seized Cocaine at Airports (Gram), 2014 – 2016
2014 2015 2016 NO. PROVINCE AIRPORT RAN- RAN- RAN- TTL TTL TTL KING KING KING 1 2 3 6 7 8 9 8 9 1. Bali Ngurah Rai 239 I - - - - TOTAL 239 - - - - - TREND
Source : Directorate General of Customs & Excise Ministry of Finance RI, March 2017
Table 134 presents the Total and ranking of Cocaine seizures in the year 2014 at Ngurah Rai Airport, Bali only. Although there has been no seizures in the past 2 years, law enforcement officers have to keep their alert on the possible presence of a new modus operandi that may slip away from their watchful eyes.
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 167 Table 135. Trend of Total dan Ranking of Seized Hashish at Airports (Gram), 2014 – 2016 (Gram)
2014 2015 2016 NO. PROVINCE AIRPORT RAN- RAN- RAN- TTL TTL TTL KING KING KING 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1. Banten Soekarno Hatta 4,212 I - - - - 2. Bali Ngurah Rai - - - - 2,999.15 I 3. Central Java Ahmad Yani - - - - 110 II TOTAL 4,212 - - - 3,109.15 TREND ------
Source : Directorate General of Customs & Excise Ministry of Finance RI, March 2017
Table 135 above shows the following trend of drug cases: 1) Trend in 2016 In 2016, the first seizure was made of Hashish at Ngurah Rai Airport Bali and Ahmad Yani Airport Central Java, that in the previous years did not occur. It may be possibile that smugglers change the route of smuggle from Soekarno Hatta to other routes. 2) Trend from 2014 to 2016 Although 2016 did not indicate seizures of Hashish at Soekarno Hatta Airport, the smuggle of Hashish moved to Ngurah Rai Airport, Bali and Ahmad Yani Airport, Central Java. Officers have to keep their alert that there may be a change in the pattern and mode of smuggle, as no smuggle of Hashish occurred in 2015, but in 2016 seizures of Hashish reappreared at another airport.
Table 136. Trend of Total and Ranking of Seized Ecstasy at Airports (Tablet), 2014 – 2016
2014 2015 2016 NO. PROVINCE AIRPORT RAN- RAN- RAN- TTL TTL TTL KING KING KING 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1. Banten Soekarno Hatta - - 1,292 I - - 2. East Java Juanda 6,153 I - - - - 3. West Java Bandung 6.5 III - - - - North Kuala Namu II 4. 7.5 - - 390.25 I Sumatera 5. Riau Sultan Syarif Kasim 2 - - 7 II - - 6. Bali Ngurah Rai - - - - 25 II TOTAL 6,167 1,299 415.25 TREND -78.94% -68.03%
Source : Directorate General of Customs & Excise Ministry of Finance RI, March 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 168 Table 136 above shows the following trend of drug cases:
1) Trend in 2016 On the whole the year 2016 indicates a significant decrease in seizures of Ecstasy, with a percentage of 68.03% from 1,299 tablets seized in 2015 to 415.23 tablets in 2016. However, the seizure made in 2016 occurred at an airport where previously no seizure was made.
2) Trend from 2014 to 2016 During the past 3 years the pattern of Ecstasy smuggle changes every time, as is shown by the diversity of data of seizures from year to year. It is estimated that the smuggle of Ecstasy through air routes shall continue, but syndicates will change the smuggling routes to avoid an arrest. This is seen in the pattern of seizures made at airports with no previous seizures, on the other hand, no seizures made at airports where previously seizures occurred
Table 137. Trend of Total Seized Shabu at Airports (Gram), 2014 – 2016
2014 2015 2016
NO. PROVINCE AIRPORT RAN- RAN- RAN- TTL TTL TTL KING KING KING 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Sultan Iskandar 1. Aceh - - 638 VI 1,347 VI Muda North 2. Kualanamu 6,605.7 IV 213.38 VIII 2,467 IV Sumatera 3. Riau Islands Batam - 29,151 II Sultan Syarif 4. Riau - - 152.76 IX 236 X Kasim 2 5. Banten Soekarno Hatta 76,696 I 39,076 I 40,569.1 I South Sultan 6. - - - - 1,070 VII Sulawesi Hasanudin Husein 7. West Java 1,006.54 IX 764 v 1,002.52 VIII Sastranegara 8. DI Yogya Yogyakarta 4,006 VI 9. East Java Juanda 9,766 III 310 VII 9,710 III 10. Bali Ngurah Rai 15,425 II 1,500.8 IV 532.89 IX 11. NTB Lombok 2,775 II 1,982 V 12. Batam Hang nadim 5,819 V 2,102 III West 13. Minangkabau 2,325 VII Sumatera East 14. Balikpapan 1,573 VIII Kalimantan North 15. Tarakan 0.52 X Kalimantan
TOTAL 123,222.76 47,531.94 88,067.51
TREND -61.43% 85.28%
Source : Directorate General of Customs & Excise Ministry of Finance RI, March 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 169 Table 137 above shows the following trend of drug cases: 1) Trend in 2016 2016 shows an increase in seizures of Shabu with a percentage of 85.28%, from 47,531.94 grams seized in 2015 to 88,067.51 grams in 2016. The largest seizure at Soekarno Hatta Airport totals to 40,569.1 grams. 2) Trend from 2014 to 2016 Although total seizures decreased in 2015, but increased again 2016. All seizures occurred in the same airports in the past 3 years, and Soekarno Hatta remains the airport with the most seizures of Shabu.
Table 138. Trend of Total and Ranking of Seized Cannabis at Ferry Ports (Grams), 2014 – 2016
2014 2015 2016 FERRY NO. PROVINCE SEAPORT RAN- RAN- RAN- TTL TTL TTL KING KING KING 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Tanjung Balai 9,542 I 1 I 3 I 1. Riau Islands Karimun Batam 23.41 III Tanjung 2. Jakarta 5,000 II Priok
TOTAL 14,565.41 1 3
Source : Directorate General of Customs & Excise Ministry of Finance RI, March 2017
Table 138 above shows the following trend of drug cases:
1) Trend in 2016
Only one seizure took place in 2016 at Tanjung Priok Harbour, namely 3 grams of cannabis herbs
2) Trend from 2014 to 2016
During 3 recent years seizures of cannabis herbs at seaports is decreasing gradually. Only one seizure took place in 2014 with quite a large amount of 14 Kg, and decreased to only 3 grams in 2016. From the available data officers have to be alert of a change in the trafficking in cannabis herbs.
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 170 Table 139. Trend of Total Heroin Seizures at Ferry Seaport, 2014 – 2016
2014 2015 2016 NO. PROVINCE SEAPORT RAN- RAN- RAN- TTL TTL TTL KING KING KING 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1. Riau Balai Karimun 39.38 I - - 0.24 I Riau 2. Batam Centre 1 II - - - - Islands TOTAL 40.38 - - 0.24 TREND
Source : Directorate General of Customs & Excise Ministry of Finance RI, March 2017
Table 139 above shows the following trend of drug cases:
Seizures of Heroin emerged again at ferry seaports in 2016, while the year before no seizure occurred even in a very small amount. Data show that heroin smuggle through seaports is increasingly abandoned and traffickers tend to take other routes.
Table 140. Trend of Total Ecstasy Seizures at Ferry Seaports (Grams), 2014 – 2016
2014 2015 NO. PROVINCE SEAPORT RAN- RAN- RAN- TTL TTL TTL KING KING KING 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1. Riau Islands Batam Centre 11,877 I - - 2,140 II
2. Riau Islands Tj. Balai Karimun - - - - 2,979 I
TOTAL 11,877 - - 5,119
TREND
Source : Directorate General of Customs & Excise Ministry of Finance RI, March 2017
Table 140 above shows the following trend of drug cases: 1) Trend in 2016 The year 2016 shows the reappearance of Ecstasy seizures at ferry seaports, while in the previous year no seizure was made. 2) Trend from 2014 to 2016 Although no seizure was made in 2015, Ecstasy seizure appeared again in 2016, and Tanjung Balai Karimun remains the port of smuggle used by traffickers.
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 171 Table 141. Trend of Total Seized Shabu (Gram) at Ferry Seaports, 2014 – 2016
2014 2015 2016 NO. PROVINCE SEAPORT RAN- RAN- RAN- TTL TTL TTL KING KING KING 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1. Teluk Nibung 4,956.7 III 2,319.46 II
North 2. Dumai 1,038.6 VI 274,847.7 I 1. Sumatera 4. Balai Karimun 3,938.3 IV 5. Teluk Nibung 6,582.11 V 1. Tanjung Pinang 1,909 V 2. Batam Centre 6,910 I 8,842 III 11,991.29 I 2. Riau Islands 3. Sri Bintan Pura 4,549 VI 1,548 IV 4. Tj. Balai Karimun 1,363.25 v 3. Jakarta Tanjung Priok 5,700 II 4. East Java Tanjung Perak 1,500 VII 6,993 IV
North Tunon Taka 500.6 VIII 3,417.22 VII 2,016.2 III 5. Kaimantan Malundung 993.6 vi 6. Lampung Lampung 63,100 II TOTAL 26,453.2 368,331.03 20,231.8 TREND 1,292.39% -94.51
Source : Directorate General of Customs & Excise Ministry of Finance RI, March 2017
Table 141 indicates a sharp increase in Shabu seizures at seaports from 2014 – 2015, but decreased in 2016 with 94.5%; this is the reverse in comparison with shabu seizures at airports. New smuggle routes emerge in 2016, i.e.Tanjung Balai Karimun in Riau Islands and Malundung, North Kalimantan.
Table 142. Trend of Total Cannabis Seizures at Border Crossings (Gram), 2014 – 2016
2014 2015 2016 NO. PROVINCE BORDER CROSSING RAN- RAN- RAN- TTL TTL TTL KING KING KING 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1. Papua Skow Wutung 100 I 240 I 2 I TOTAL 100 240 2
Source : Directorate General of Customs & Excise Ministry of Finance RI, March 2017
Table 142 shows a decrease in Cannabis seizures in the year 2016, particularly at the border crossing of Skow Wutung, Papua, although this route remains the main route of cannabis smuggle.
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 172 Table 143. Trend of Total Shabu Seizures at Border Crossings (Gram), 2014 – 2016
2014 2015 2016 BORDER NO. PROVINCE RAN- RAN- RAN- CROSSING TTL TTL TTL KING KING KING 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
West Entikong 5,395.38 I 27,694.22 II 1. Kalimantan Nanga Badu 31,628.30 I
2. NTT Atapupu 9,030 I
Skow II 3. Papua 4,000 Wutung
TOTAL 9,030 9,395.38 59,322.52
TREND 4.05% 531.4%
Source : Directorate General of Customs & Excise Ministry of Finance RI, March 2017
In Table 143 above is seen that the trend of total and ranking of shabu seizures increase sharply. It goes along with the decrease of shabu seizures at seaports. There is an estimation that border crossings besides airports are used in replacement of the smuggling routes through seaports. It is necesssary to reinforce the control on the new smuggling routes of shabu, for example Entikong and Nanga Badu in West Kalimantan, since seizures are continuously increasing.
2. Demand Reduction.
Table 144. Trend of Total Cumulative Cases of AIDS Based on Gender, 2014 – 2016
TOTAL CUMULATIVE CASES OF AIDS NO. GENDER 2014 2015 2016 1 2 3 4 5 1. Male 32,228 36,034 41,119 2. Female 17,457 19,731 22,089 3. Not known 8,157 8,158 8,206 TOTAL 57,842 63,923 71,414
Source : Directorate General of PPM & PL Ministry of Health RI, March 2017
Table 144 above shows the following trend of drug cases: • In general, the total cumulative of AIDS cases remains to increase up to the year 2016. The available data show that the largest number of AIDS are males.
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 173 Table 145. Trend of Total Cumulative AIDS Cases Based on Risk Factor, 2014 - 2016
TOTAL CUMULATIVE CASES NO. RISK FACTOR 2014 2015 2016 1 2 3 4 5 1. Heterosexual 45,230 50,264 55,809 2. Homo Bisexual 5,132 5,624 6,890 3. IDU 10,201 10,360 10,554 4. Blood Transfusion 123 133 150 5. Prenatal Transmission 1,438 1,680 1,963 6. Not known 14,029 14,128 14,276
Source : Directorate General of PPM & PL Ministry of Health RI, March 2017
Table 145 above shows the following trend of drug cases: • The TOTAL cumulative of AIDS Cases among IDUs continuously increase till 2016 (10,554 cases)
Table 146. Trend of Total Cumulative AIDS Cases Based on Age Group, 2014 - 2016
TOTAL CUMULATIVE AIDS CASES NO. AGE GROUP 2014 2015 2016 1 2 3 4 5 1. < 1 years 261 300 347 2. 1 – 4 1,035 1,169 1,318 3. 5 – 14 489 574 684 4. 15 – 19 1,818 1,928 2,038 5. 20 – 29 19,438 21,115 23,255 6. 30 – 39 17,127 19,339 22,037 7. 40 – 49 6,634 7,804 9,142 8. 50 – 59 2,096 2,577 3,187 9. > 60 606 718 906 10. Not known 8,338 8,399 8,500
Source : Directorate General of PPM & PL Ministry of Health RI, March 2017
Table 146 above shows the following trend of drug cases: • Based on the age group AIDS patients in all age groups increase in number, the largest number in the group of 20-29 years and the second in the group of 30-39 years.
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 174 CHAPTER V PREVENTION OF DRUG ABUSE AND ERADICATION OF ILLICIT DRUG TRAFFICKING 2017 (JANUARY – JULY)
1. Prevention. Dissemination of information in the field of Prevention has been performed 4,336 times through socialization activities since January - July 2017 with a total of 862,331 participants. Data indicate that BNNP of East Java was the most frequent in performing socialization amounting to 1,376 activities and attended by 327,065 participants. The second most frequent in socialization is the province of Bali, with 325 activities and a total of 68,437 participants. Diagrams 43 and 44 present the dissemination of socialization.
Diagram 44. Spread of Total Participants Diagram 43. Dissemination of Socialization at Socialization Activities January - July January - July 2017 2017
BNNP EAST JAVA 1376 BNNP EAST JAVA 327065 BNNP BALI 325 BNNP BALI 68437 BNNP WEST JAVA 275 BNNP CENTRAL SULAWESI 60589 BNNP SOUTH SULAWESI 224 BNNP CENTRAL JAVA 48142 BNNP CENTRAL JAVA 211 BNNP WEST JAVA 46102 BNNP SOUTH SUMATERA 191 BNNP SOUTH KALIMANTAN 38376 BNNP NORTH SULAWESI 165 BNNP SOUTH SULAWESI 29039 BNNP CENTRAL SULAWESI 158 BNNP NORTH SULAWESI 28406 23171 BNNP JAMBI 149 BNNP JAMBI 22913 BNNP WEAST NUSA TENGGARA 135 BNNP WEST NUSA… BNNP RIAU 19535 BNNP DIY 131 BNNP PAPUA 16449 BNNP RIAU 114 BNNP SOUTH SUMATERA 14144 BNNP PAPUA 99 BNNP DIY 13734 BNNP SOUTH SUMATERA 93 BNNP BANTEN 13122 BNNP EAST KALIMANTAN 76 BNNP ACEH 11791 BNNP WEST KALIMANTAN 64 BNNP GORONTALO 11765 BNNP ACEH 60 BNNP EAST KALIMANTAN 11661 BNNP GORONTALO 57 BNNP NORTH MALUKU 7847 BNNP BANTEN 52 BNNP WEST KALIMANTAN 7360 BNNP NORTH MALUKU 50 BNNP DKI JAKARTA 7108 BNNP BENGKULU 48 BNNP LAMPUNG 4850 BNNP DKI JAKARTA 47 BNNP WEST PAPUA 4730 BNNP WEST SULAWESI 47 BNNP EAST NUSA… 4634 BNNP EAST NUSA TENGGARA 39 BNNP BENGKULU 4566 BNNP WEST PAPUA 31 BNNP WEST SULAWESI 4376 BNNP LAMPUNG 24 BNNP WEST SUMATERA 3203 BNNP BABEL 23 BNNP CENTRAL… 2050 BNNP NORTH KALIMANTAN 22 BNNP NORTH KALIMANTAN 2004 BNNP KALTARA 20 BNN CENTER 2002 BNNP MALUKU 13 BNNP BABEL 1721 BNNP WEST SUMATERA 13 BNNP MALUKU 1439 BNNP CENTRAL KALIMANTAN 4
Source : BNN, 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 175 BNN Kabupaten/Kota (Regency/City BNNP) perform activities in the socialization of the prevention of drug abuse totaling 3,161 activities. It is in line with their task as the smallest work unit of BNN that has the closest relationship with the community. As such, the role of BNN Province also includes socialization on the prevention of drug abuse, and has performed 1,164 activities in that field. When analyzed, the education circle as the target of socialization a great deal of this activity is performed in this sector. 55% of these activities are focused on the education sector, and 468,132 school/university students are involved in socialization. The policy in the socialization on drug abuse prevention is necessary as these activities should be done as early as possible. Analyzation in the field of drug eradication has proven that the business in drugs has involved school/university students.
Diagram 45. Sasaran Sosialisasi Diagram 46. Total Peserta Berdasarkan Januari - Juli 2017 Sasaran Januari - Juli 2017
Lingkungan Institusi Institusi Pendidikan; Pemerintah; Institusi Pemerintah 468132 62021 Swasta; 23450 11% Institusi Swasta 3%
Lingkungan Lingkungan Lingkungan Pendidikan Masyarakat Masyarakat; 55% 31% 308728
Source : BNN, 2017
142 activities have been performed in the advocacy for strengthening assistance attended by 4,647 persons. BNN North Sulawesi Province has the most frequent activities in this field (21 activities) involving 543 participants. Only 25 provinces have performed assistance advocacy in 2017, and East Java has the largest number of participants. Hereunder is the diagram of the spread of activities:
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 176 Diagram 47. Sebaran Kegiatan Asistensi Diagram 48. Sebaran Total Peserta Kegiatan Januari - Juli 2017 Asistensi Januari - Juli 2017
BNNP NORTH SULAWESI 21 BNN CENTER 830
BNNP SOUTH KALIMANTAN 17 BNNP EAST JAVA 553
BNNP EAST JAVA 12 BNNP NORTH SULAWESI 543
BNNP BALI 9 BNNP BALI 430
BNNP SOUTH SUMATERA 8 BNNP SOUTH SUMATERA 240
232 BNNP RIAU 7 BNNP SOUTH KALIMANTAN 220 BNNP CENTRAL SULAWESI 7 BNNP NORTH SUMATERA
BNNP CENTRAL SULAWESI 220 BNNP NORTH SUMATERA 7
BNNP JAMBI 220 BNN CENTER 7 BNNP RIAU 160 BNNP JAMBI 7 BNNP DIY 152 BNNP GORONTALO 5 BNNP GORONTALO 148 BNNP DIY 5 BNNP WEST KALIMANTAN 114 BNNP BABEL 4 BNNP BABEL 113 BNNP WEST JAVA 4 BNNP WEST JAVA 75
BNNP WEST KALIMANTAN 4 BNNP WEST SUMATERA 65
BNNP WEST SUMATERA 3 BNNP CENTRAL JAVA 60
BNNP NORTH KALIMANTAN 2 BNNP CENTRAL KALIMANTAN 60
BNNP WEST NUSA TENGGARA 2 BNN NORTH KALIMANTAN 60 40 BNNP ACEH 2 BNNP NORTH MALUKU
BNNP ACEH 35 BNNP NORTH MALUKU 2
BNNP WEST NUSA TENGGARA 30 BNNP CENTRAL JAVA 2 BNNP LAMPUNG 30 BNNP CENTRAL KALIMANTAN 2 BNNP SOUTH SULAWESI 12 BNNP LAMPUNG 1 BNNP KEPRI 5 BNNP SOUTH SULAWESI 1 0 200 400 600 800 1000 BNNP KEPRI 1
0 20 40
Source : BNN, 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 177 There are two targets of assistance in prevention, namely government and private institutions. More activities are performed at government institutions than the private sector. One interesting thing worth observing is the reason for the unbalanced composition of target between government and private institutions. This assistance program is worth to be reviewed. It may be that more assistance is given to government institutions because the bureaucracy of permission tends to be easier to obtain from government institutions than from the private sector. Next is the diagram of composition:
Diagram 49. Sasaran Kegiatan Diagram 50. Peserta Kegiatan Asistensi Januari - Juli 2017 Asistensi Berdasarkan Sasaran Institusi Januari - Juli 2017 Swasta Institusi 16% Swasta 209
Institusi Pemerintah Institusi 84% Pemerintah 1399
Source : BNN, 2017
From the total 63 activities of technical guidance of prevention East Java BNN has perpormed the most activities. Only 13 provinces have carried out the program with a total of 1,666 participants.
Diagram 51. Sebaran Kegiatan Bimbingan Teknis Januari - Juli 2017
603 BNNP EAST JAVA 19 164 BNNP SOUTH… 6 30 BNNP NORTH MALUKU 6 155 BNNP WEST JAVA 6 119 BNNP DKI JAKARTA 6 82 BNNP NORTH SULAWESI 5 70 BNNP JAMBI 4 115 BNNP RIAU 3 Jumlah Peserta Jumlah Kegiatan 25 BNNP WEST KALIMANTAN 2 35 BNNP SOUTH SULAWESI 2 30 BNNP CENTRAL JAVA 1 30 BNNP EAST NUSA… 1 30 BNNP BANTEN 1 178 BNN CENTER 1
Source : BNN, 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 178 Almost half of the targets of activities are addressed to government institutions, and only 13% are perfomed in educational circles. However, if looked upon the total of participants imvolved, the educational environment has a larger number of participants involved in activities of technical guidance compared to government institutions that consist of a greater number of institutions, including community environment and private sector.
Diagram 52. Sasaran Kegiatan Diagram 53. TOTAL Peserta Lingkungan Bimbingan Teknis Jan-Jul 2017 Berdasarkan Sasaran Januari - Juli Pendidikan Lingkungan 2017 Institusi 13% Pendidikan Pemerintah 27% 43%
Lingkungan Institusi Masyarakat Pemerintah 22% 48% Institusi Swasta 17%
Lingkungan Masyarakat Institusi 11% Swasta 19% Source : BNN, 2017
In implementing its program, Prevention develops a network. 172 activities have been implemented in 2017, involving 23,005 participants. Looking at its spread by province BNN East Java places the first in rank, followed by BNN Bali Province.
Diagram 54. Sebaran Kegiatan Membangun Diagram 55. TOTAL Peserta Kegiatan Jejaring Januari - Juli 2017 Membangun Jejaring Januari - Juli 2017
BNNP EAST JAVA 97 BNNP EAST JAVA 16138 BNNP BALI 20 BNNP BALI 5328 BNN CENTER 10 BNNP DKI JAKARTA 354 BNNP RIAU ISLAND 5 BNNP CENTRAL… 310 BNNP CENTRAL JAVA 5 BNNP SOUTH SULAWESI 186 BNNP SOUTH SULAWESI 5 BNNP GORONTALO 124 BNNP RIAU 4 BNNP RIAU 110 BNNP DKI JAKARTA 3 BNNP WEST SULAWESI 100 BNNP WEST KALIMANTAN 3 BNN CENTER 92 BNNP GORONTALO 3 BNNP BANTEN 84 BNNP CENTRAL KALIMANTAN 3 BNNP EAST NUSA… 60 BNNP EAST NUSA TENGGARA 2 BNNP CENTRAL JAVA 34 BNNP BANGKA BELITUNG 2 BNNP RIAU ISLAND 25 BNNP BANTEN 2 BNNP SOUTH KALIMANTAN 15 BNNP SOUTH KALIMANTAN 2 BNNP BANGKA BELITUNG 14 BNNP NORTH SULAWESI 2 BNNP BENGKULU 13 BNNP WEST PAPUA 1 BNNP WEST KALIMANTAN 9 BNNP WEST SULAWESI 1 BNNP NORTH SULAWESI 9 BNNP WEST PAPUA 0 BNNP WEST JAVA 1 BNNP WEST JAVA 0 BNNP BENGKULU 1 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 500010000 1500020000
Source : BNN, 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 179 Almost half of government institutions develop networking, and 54% of the total participants in the program are involved in the activities. The target of Technical guidance in prevention are government institutions, indicating 54% of the total participants in the activities are involved in the program. The program of technical guidance in prevention is more targeted at government institutions, as they own the public policy, so that prevention programs they are expected to implement are more on prevention programs against drug abuse. Technical guidance is also focused on the community with the purpose to involve all community components in prevention programs.
Diagram 56. Persentase Sasaran dan TOTAL Peserta Kegiatan Membangun Jejaring Januari – Juli 2017
100% 2735 90% 33 80% 70% 7611 49 60% 304 50% 19 40% 30% 12355 20% 71 10% 0% Jumlah Kegiatan Jumlah Peserta Government Institutions Private Institutions Community Circles Education Circles
Source : BNN, 2017
The previous discussions are on the implementation of Prevention through the assistance program for government and private institutions. The following program is the strengthening of assistance with the same targets in the hope that the targets maintain consistency on the early aim. Through the assistancyimprovent the targets are also expected to improve their role in the implementation of the prevention program. The program in assistance strengthening was implemented by 94 activities and participated by 3,984 persons. In the year 2017 from January – July 2017 provinces have implemented the assistance strengthening program. BNN North Sulawesi and BNN East Jave have implemented the most activities. However, if compared to the total number of participants in this program BNN North Sulawesi has the largest number of participants (1,635) followed by East Java with only 668 participants. Next is the spread of data :
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 180 Diagram 57. Total Kegiatan Penguatan Diagram 58. Total Peserta Asisten Januari - Juli 2017 Kegiatan Penguatan Asistensi Januari - Juli 2017 BNNP NORTH SULAWESI 14 BNNP NORTH… 1635 BNNP EAST JAVA 14 BNNP EAST JAVA 668 BNNP GORONTALO 12 BNNP WEST JAVA 416 BNNP WEST JAVA 8 BNNP CENTRAL JAVA 195 BNNP SOUTH… 8 BNNP SOUTH… 180 BNNP CENTRAL JAVA 5 BNNP RIAU 110 BNNP JAMBI 4 BNNP SOUTH… 100 BNNP SOUTH SULAWESI 4 BNNP EAST NUSA… 86 BNNP RIAU 4 BNNP JAMBI 80 BNNP EAST NUSA… 3 BNNP NORTH MALUKU 60 BNNP PAPUA 3 BNNP ACEH 60 BNNP ACEH 3 BNNP GORONTALO 60 BNNP NORTH MALUKU 2 BNNP BALI 50 BNNP RIAU ISLAND 2 BNNP CENTRAL… 50 BNNP CENTRAL… 2 BNNP RIAU ISLAND 47 BNNP BANTEN 1 BNNP PAPUA 42 BNNP BALI 1 BNNP BANTEN 30 BNNP BENGKULU 1 BNNP WEST SUMATERA 30
BNNP WEST SUMATERA 1 BNNP CENTRAL… 30 BNNP CENTRAL… 1 BNN CENTER 30 BNN CENTER 1 BNNP BENGKULU 25
Source : BNN, 2017 Looking upon its total number of activities on assistance strengthening based on targets, government institutions maintain the main targets in the implementation of assistance strengthening as is seen in the following Diagram: 100% 90% 25 985 80% 70% 60% 26 1247 50% 40% 5 140 30% 20% 38 1612 10% 0% JUMLAH GIAT JUMLAH PESERTA
Government Institutions Private Institutions Community Circles Education Circles
Source : BNN, 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 181 COORDINATION MEETINGS Prevention coordination meetings are frequently implemented in East Java, totaling to 380 activities from the total 880 activities in Indonesa, from the month of January – July 2017as is shown in the following diagrams: Diagram 59. Total Kegiatan Rapat Diagram 60. Total Peserta Koordinasi Januari - Juli 2017 Kegiatan Rapat Koordinasi Januari - Juli 2017 BNNP EAST JAVA 380 BNNP DKI JAKARTA 48 BNNP EAST JAVA 3760 BNNP NORTH SUMATERA 44 BNNP EAST… 1539 BNNP DIY 44 BNNP EAST NUSA… 1477 BNNP SOUTH KALIMANTAN 38 BNNP SOUTH… 1250 BNNP NORTH SULAWESI 38 BNNP DIY 881 BNNP EAST NUSAT… 30 BNNP DKI JAKARTA 774 BNNP BALI 29 BNNP NORTH SULAWESI 631 BNNP NORTH MALUKU 27 BNNP BALI 545 BNNP PAPUA 23 BNNP GORONTALO 529 BNNP WEST JAVA 20 BNNP WEST JAVA 326 BNNP ACEH 20 BNNP NORTH MALUKU 291 BNNP JAMBI BNNP GORONTALO 18 244 214 BNNP SOUTH SULAWESI 14 BNNP NORTH… BNN CENTER 212 BNNP JAMBI 13 BNNP PAPUA 199 BNNP BANGKA BELITUNG 12 BNNP ACEH 158 BNNP CENTRAL JAVA 12 BNNP WEST NUSA… 145 BNNP WEST PAPUA 11 BNNP WEST SULAWESI 142 BNNP BENGKULU 9 BNNP BANGKA… 128 BNNP NORTH… 8 BNNP SOTUH SULAWESI 121 BNNP WEST NUSA… 7 BNNP WEST PAPUA 114 BNNP WEST SULAWESI 6 BNNP RIAU 70 BNNP SOUTH SUMATERA 6 BNNP CENTRAL… 60 BNNP CENTRAL SULAWESI 5 BNNP WEST… 53 BNN PUSAT 5 BNNP CENTRAL… 50 BNNP WEST KALIMANTAN 4 BNNP CENTRAL JAVA 50 BNNP RIAU ISLAND 3 BNNP BENGKULU 36 BNNP RIAU 2 BNNP RIAU ISLAND 33 BNNP CENTRAL… 2 BNNP SOUTH SUMATERA 30 BNNP WEST SUMATERA 1 BNNP LAMPUNG 15 BNNP LAMPUNG 1 BNNP WEST SUMATERA 0
Source : BNN, 2017 The composition of percentage in the total activities of coordination meetings and total participants are almost balanced. There is a slight difference in the percentage of activities targeting on government institutions and the percentage of participants. It is likely because only stakeholders are invited as is shown in the following diagrams:
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 182 100%
90% 181 3981 80%
133 70% 1938 60% 75 782 50%
40%
30% 491 7376 20%
10%
0% Jumlah Kegiatan Jumlah Peserta Government Institutions Private Institutions Community Circles Education Circles
Source : BNN, 2017
PRINTED MEDIA Prevention activities do not only involve national media, but local media as well. From January to July 2017 total activities amounted to 1,844 activities with the most activities conducted by BNN East Java (1,228 activities). This number equals with the total number of activities (627) by newspapers, and (601) by outdoor printed media. In general, the target is focused on newspapers instead of outdoor printed media, because the aim is more effective by providing the contents of prevention to newspapers as until today people are still eager to read what is presented by newspapers.
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 183 Diagram 61. Prevention Activitiew Diagram 62. Percentage of Targets for Through Newspapers January - July 2017 Prevention Activities Through Newspapers January – July 2017
BNNP EAST JAVA 1228
BNNP CENTRAL SULAWESI 107
BNNP BALI 76
BNNP SOUTH SUMATERA 75
BNNP DIY 52
BNNP SOUTH KALIMANTAN 38
BNNP WEST JAVA 37
BNNP RIAU ISLANDA 34
BNNP RIAU 26
BNNP WEST PAPUA 25 BNNP BENGKULU 23 BNNP WEST KALIMANTAN 18
BNNP NORTH SUMATERA 16
BNNP NORTH SULAWESI 14
BNNP CENTRAL JAVA 14
BNNP WEST SUMATERA 10
BNNP BANGKA BELITUNG 8
BNNP PAPUA 7
BNNP BANTEN 7
BNNP NORTH KALIMANTAN 6
BNNP JAMBI 5
BNNP DKI JAKARTA 3
BNNP SOUTH SULAWESI 3
BNNP EAST NUSA… 3 BNNP GORONTALO 2
BNNP WEST NUSA… 1 BNNP WEST SULAWESI 1
BNNP NORTH MALUKU 1
BNNP SOUTHEAST SULAWESI 1
BNNP ACEH 1
BNNP LAMPUNG 1
BNNP EAST KALIMANTAN 1
Source : BNN, 2017 Besides the printed media, prevention programs are also implemented through conventional media. Data show that this activity is the most implemented by BNN East Java totaling to 377 activities, followed by BNN North Sumatera and in the third position BNN Central Java.
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 184 From the total activities through the conventional media (2,165 activities), the majority is aimed at the community. As is seen in the below diagram 46% of the prevention program is implemented through conventional media, that can reach as many people in the community in providing prevention information on drug abuse.
Diagram 63. Spead of Prevention Diagram 64. Percentage of Targets for Activities Through Conventional Prevention Activities Through Media January - July 2017 Conventional Media January – July 2017 BNNP EAST JAVA 377 BNNP NORTH… 357 BNNP CENTRAL JAVA 240 BNNP RIAU ISLANDA 165 BNNP WEST JAVA 128 BNNP BENGKULU 114 BNNP SOUTH… 104 BNNP WEST… 92 BNNP CENTRAL… 88 BNNP NORTH SULAWESI 70 BNNP SOUTH… 70 BNNP DKI JAKARTA 61 BNNP SOUTHEAST… 30 BNNP ACEH 27 BNNP WEST NUSA… 26 BNNP NORTH MALUKU 26 BNNP CENTRAL… 24 BNNP EAST NUSA… 24 BNNP GORONTALO 24 BNNP WEST PAPUA 19 BNNP BALI 17 BNNP DIY 17 BNNP PAPUA 15 BNNP RIAU 15 BNNP WEST SUMATERA 15 BNNP SOUTH SULAWESI 6 BNNP EAST… 4 BNNP LAMPUNG 4 BNNP WEST SULAWESI 3 BNNP BANGKA… 2 BNN CENTER 1
Source : BNN, 2017
ONLINE MEDIA Developments in technology is also included for its use in the prevention of drug abuse. The online media is expected to be more effective and efficient for prevention activities. Data show that BNN has implemented 1,481 activities on the prevention of drug abuse by the use of online media. BNN Provinces that have made the most use of online media are BNN East Java, BNN DI Yogyakarta and BNN South Kalimantan, as is shown in the diagrams below.
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 185 In a further study online media is divided into 3 targets. Namely: 1) Radio Streaming, 2) Social Media, and 3) Web. From the three targets mentioned 60% is addressed to website, 39% to social media as is presented in the below diagram
Diagram 65. Target of Prevention Diagram 66. Percentage of Targets for Activities Through Online Media Prevention Activities Through Onlline January - July 2017 Media January – July 2017
BNNP EAST JAVA 88 BNNP DIY 70 BNN CENTER 70 BNNP SOUTH KALIMANTAN 61 BNNP RIAU ISLAND 30 BNNP WEST JAVA 27 BNNP BALI 26 BNNP CENTRAL SULAWESI 26 BNNP BENGKULU 24 BNNP WEST SUMATERA 24 BNNP WEST PAPUA 24 BNNP NORTH SUMATERA 19 BNNP CENTRAL JAVA 17 BNNP NORT SULAWESI 17
BNNP WEST NUSA… 15 BNNP SOUTH SUMATERA 15 BNNP RIAU 15 BNNP BANTEN 6 BNNP JAMBI 4 BNNP SOUTH SULAWESI 4 BNNP WEST SUMATERA 3
BNNP EAST NUSA… 2 BNNP DKI JAKARTA 1
Source : BNN, 2017
Prevention activities are also implemented through broadcast media, radio and television. Data show that BNN East Java has made the most activities of prevention through broadcast media. Almost 50% of the total activities from the total 2,424 broadcast activities in prevention was implemented by BNN East Java Proviince. Radio broadcasts are more implemented than television, due to the relatively cheaper cost. Hereunder are the diagrams related to broadcasts:
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 186 Diagram 67. Spread of Prevention Activities Through Diagram 68. Comparison of Broadcast Broadcast Media Penyiaran Media Users January – July 2017 January January - July 2017
BNNP EAST JAVA 1606 BNNP RIAU ISLAND 210 BNNP WEST… 122 BNNP NORTH… 79 BNNP SOUTH… 79 BNNP WEST JAVA 36 BNNP CENTRAL JAVA 32 BNNP BALI 30 BNNP CENTRAL… 30 BNNP RIAU 23 BNNP NORTH… 22 BNNP JAMBI 21 BNNP BENGKULU 17 BNNP SOUTH… 16 BNNP DIY 13 BNNP SOUTH… 11 BNNP EAST… 10 BNNP EAST NUSA… 9 BNNP WEST PAPUA 9 BNNP MALUKU 9 BNNP GORONTALO 8 BNNP BANTEN 7 BNNP DKI JAKARTA 6 BNNP SOUTHEAST… 4 BNNP WEST… 4 BNNP WEST NUSA… 3 BNNP ACEH 3 BNNP PAPUA 2 BNNP NORTH MALUKU 1 BNNP CENTRAL… 1 BNN NORTH… 1
Source : BNN, 2017 Besides the above media prevention activities are also implemented by placing videotrons in 6 provinces in Indonesia. From January – July 2017 (242 contents) were inserted. BNN East Java is the most active in implementing prevention information through videotron (95%) as is shown in the below diagrams:
BNNP SULUT 1 BNNP PAPUA BARAT 2 BNNP KALSEL 1 BNNP JATIM Total 231 BNNP BALI 5 BNN PUSAT 2
0 50 100 150 200 250
Source : BNN, 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 187 b. Community Empowerment. BNN carries out drug testing to catch drug abusers and also to monitor drug circulation in the community. Within a timeframe of 7 months drug testing has reached 1,359 activities by involving 105,647 participants in the test. 207 out of this number are positive users of drugs. Out of the total tested 94% are males and only 6% are females as is shown in the diagram: Diagram 69. Total Participants in the Drug Test, January – July 2017
POSITIF FEMALE; PESERTA 13 POSITIVE; 207
PESERTA NEGATIVE; 105430 POSITIVE MALE; 194
Source : BNN, 2017
Based on education background, 69% of positive drug users are high school students. Based on occupation, workers in the private sector are the largest in number.
Diagram 70. Spread of Drug Diagram 71. Spread of Drug Abusers Based on Abusers Based on Occupation January - July 2017 Education Background January - July 2017 BURUH SD 3% MAHASISWA 4% 3%
PT PENGANGGURAN 12% SLTP 2% PELAJAR 15% WIRASWASTA 21% 11% PNS 8% TNI 2% SWASTA SLTA 46% 69% POLRI 4%
Source : BNN, 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 188
c. Rehabilitation. Total Patients of rehabilitation registered from January – July 2017 are 886, the majority of this number is in South Kalimantan (304). Based on gender the largest number of patients are males and only 13% are female.
BNNP SOUTH KALIMANTAN 270 34 BNNP CENTRAL SULAWESI 190 23 BNNP CENTRAL KALIMANTAN 52 15 BNNP JAMBI 51 9 BNNP DIY 41 5 BNNP WEST NUSA TENGGARA 37 7 BNNP SOUTH SUMATERA 31 4 BNNP RIAU ISLAND 16 12 BNNP EAST JAVA 17 5 BNNP WEST KALIMANTAN 13 4 BNNP MALUKU 103 BNNP NORTH MALUKU 7 BNNP WEST JAVA 7 BNNP PAPUA 5 BNNP BALI 5 BNNP SOUTH SULAWESI 5 BNNP BANTEN 3 BNNP ACEH 3 BNNP BENGKULU 1 BNNP DKI JAKARTA 1
0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325
LAKI LAKI PEREMPUAN
Source : BNN, 2017 Based on education the largest number of patients are high school students. But when based on occupation students place the second rank after workers in the private sector, as is shown in the following diagrams:
Diagram 72. The Spread of Patients Diagram 73. The Spread of Patients Based Based on Educaation on Occupatien January - July 2017
Januariy - July 2017 WIRASWASTA 11% PUTUS TIDAK SEKOLAH SEKOLAH TANI BURUH MAHASISWA 1% 5% 2% 1% 7%
PT SD 7% 15%
PELAJAR SWASTA 24% 27%
SLTP 29% PENGANGGURAN SLTA TNI/POLRI 19% 46% 2%
PNS 4%
Source : BNN, 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 189 d. Eradication of Drug Abuse. Along the year 2017 from January up to July 2017 a total of 503 narcotic cases were successfully disclosed by BNN Central Office, BNN Province as well as BNN Regency/City, with a total of 688 susppects. The diagram below presents the data of cases and suspects in 2016 and 2017. Diagram 74. The Ratio of Cases and Suspects in 2016 and 2017 (January - July)
1351
2016 2017 881 688 503
JUMLAH KASUS JUMLAH TERSANGKA
Source : BNN, 2017
Although the difference has not been analyzed between 2016 and 2017, achievement in the disclosures of cases till July 2017 by BNN is much appreciated as 57% of the total drug cases in 2016 has been achieved. From analysis on the findings of drug evidence it is known that 398 cases of Shabu are the largest in the number of cases with a total of 551 suspects and the amount seized totals to 249,504 grams.The second in the rank of seizures is Ecstasy with a total of 108,779 tablets, and third in rank is cannabis with a sezure of 64,721 grams. Analysis proves that shabu with quite a high market price becomes increasingly a favourite drug among the abusers. The following diagram presents the total spread of evidence seized by BNN.
Diagram 75. Disclosures of Drug Evidence With the Largest Amounts January - July 2017
108779,61 EKSTASI 177,86
SHABU 249504,34
GANJA 64721,92
0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000
BUTIR GRAM
Source : BNN, 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 190 An analysis made from the above data can show the area with the most drug cases as is seen from the total amount of cases. The area with the most drug cases is BNN North Sumatera Province, with a total of 48 cases. Next is the ranking of vulnerable areas based on the total cases successfully disclosed by BNN: Diagram 76. Sebaran Total Kasus Per Provinsi Januari - Juli 2017
NORTH SUMATERA 48
EAST JAVA 40
EAST KALIMANTAN 39
CENTER 34
BALI 31
RIAU ISLAND 30
RIAU 23
SOUTH KALIMANTAN 23
CENTRAL SULAWESI 21
CENTRAL KALIMANTAN 19
WEST JAVA 19
SOUTH SUMATERA 16
SOUTH SULAWESI 16
JAMBI 15
DKI JAKARTA 15
DIY 14
GORONTALO 12
ACEH 11
PAPUA 10
WEST KALIMANTAN 9
Source : BNN, 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 191 From the total seized drug evidence in each BNNP the ranking of drug consumption can be made by province. Next diagram presents the spread of drug consumption: Diagram 77. Spread of Cases Based on Seized Shabu Evidence January - July 2017
CENTER 186.796,00 DKI JAKARTA 22.682,40 RIAU ISLAND 8.111,42 EAST JAVA 7.724,71 RIAU 5.835,98 SOUTH SULAWESI 3.298,48 WEST KALIMANTAN 3.183,05 ACEH 2.218,10 JAMBI 2.102,24 NORTH SUMATERA 1.947,29 DIY 1.537,49 SOUTH KALIMANTAN 1.195,19 BALI 788,92 CENTRAL KALIMANTAN 653,15 SOUTH SUMATERA 483,75 WEST NUSA TENGGARA 454,00 EAST KALIMANTAN 294,14 WEST SULAWESI 44,57 GORONTALO 33,22 NORTH MALUKU 26,57 WEST SUMATERA 23,07 BENGKULU 20,31 BANGKA BELITUNG 16,12 PAPUA 11,62 WEST PAPUA 8,35 SOUTHEAST SULAWESI 7,64 WEST JAVA 6,56
Source : BNN, 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 192 The Diagram shows that Shabu cases are much found in the province of DKI Jakarta, while the most cases of cannabis are found in the province of Bali, as is shown in the following diagram: Diagram 78. Spread of Cannabis Seized Evidence January - July 2017
BALI 19.899,29
RIAU ISLAND 12.079,50
EAST JAVA 11.803,67
CENTER 3.677,40
DKI JAKARTA 3.355,44
NORTH SUMATERA 3.038,05
SOUTH SULAWESI 2.504,98
EAST KALIMANTAN 2.478,00
SOUTH SUMATERA 1.450,00
PAPUA 1.367,50
JAMBI 1.206,65
DIY 744,40
WEST JAVA 574,61
BENGKULU 477,68
SOUTH KALIMANTAN 52,88
WEST NUSA TENGGARA 10,33
NORTH MALUKU 1,54
0,00 5.000,00 10.000,00 15.000,00 20.000,00 25.000,00
Source : BNN, 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 193 Ecstasy seized evidence indicates that this drug is most found in the province of North Sumatera. 21,187 tablets were found from seized Ecstasy cases in the province of North Sumatera. Diagram 79. Spread of Seized Ecstasy Evidence January - July 2017
CENTER 83.300,00 NORTH SUMATERA 21.187,25 RIAU 1.638,00 DKI JAKARTA 1.588,00 RIAU ISLAND 488,00 EAST JAVA 401,00 SOUTH KALIMANTAN 123,00 BALI 25,36 EAST KALIMANTAN 20,00 ACEH 5,00 WEST KALIMANTAN 2,00 JAMBI 2,00
Source : BNN, 2017 It is most interesting to know other evidence like seized assets from disclosed drug cases. Their total value is quite high and can reach the value of 57 billion Rupiah as is shown in the following classification :
NO. ASSET VALUE 1. Building 43,250,000,000 2. Vehicles 3,174,000,000 3. Car 300,000,000 4. Insurance 28,000,000 5. Land 600,000,000 6. Cash Money 9,935,000,000 TOTAL 57,287,000,000 Source : BNN, 2017 From the total of suspects, 676 are males, 64 females and 5 are of foreign nationality. The largest number of suspects come from BNNP North ‘Sumatera (72). Most of these suspects are distributors/dealers. 75% of the suspects and only 5% arrested are manufacturers. This indicates that BNN is successful in interrupting the network of drug dealers.BNN Riau Island Province disclosed a drug manufacturer and 21 suspects. Suspects belong to the age group of 30 years and above (66%), and most interesting is the involvement of youngsters between 16 – 19 years. Although they are not significant in number, but these findings must be taken into consideration that underage children are now being exploited in the drug business.
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 194 Diagram 81. Sebaran Peran Tersangka Diagram 80. Sebaran Tersangka Kasus Narkoba Januari - Juli 2017 Berdasarkan Umur Januari - Juli 2017 KULTIVASI 2% PRODUKSI < 15 th 16 -19 th 5% 0% 2%
KONSUMSI 20 - 24 th 18% 14%
25 - 29 th 18% > 30 th DISTRIBUSI 66% 75%
Source : BNN, 2017
It is most interesting to observe the suspects’ occupation. The majority of the suspects are workers in the private sector and entrepreneurs that beat the number of the unemployed community. This phenomenon should be further analyzed what motivation the suspects have to take drugs. In fact, they have already an income but still take drugs. These factors should be taken into consideration as they may be the influence of environment or association with drug abusers, or to fulfill a lifestyle that demands a greater income in a fast and easy way. Many among the suspects are entrepreneurs in North Sumatera, while the majority of the suspects in East Java are workers in the private sector. And again, another fact necessary to pay attention to. Drugs have now invaded the younger people. Diagram 82. Spread of Suspects Bsed on Occupation January - July 2017
PNS TNI 2% PENGANGGURAN 0% POLRI 12% 1% BURUH 4% PELAJAR 1% MAHASISWA 5% SWASTA PETANI 36% 3%
WIRASWASTA 36%
Source : BNN, 2017
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 195
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 196 CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION
We seriously hope that the 2017 Journal of Data compiled by Center of Research, Data and Information becomes important material and reference in planning the programs and activities including the budget of the related agencies and institutions and BNN, and be a benchmark for the success and failures in implementing P4GN, also to improve the people’s knowledge and views on the developments of the danger of drug abuse in Indonesia.
We also expect that this Journal of Data encourages all stakeholders to commit themselves and in synergy make comprehensive and integrated efforts with the community to hold back the pace of drug abuse and illicit trafficking in drugs.
We are fully aware that the task of P4GN is not solely the government’s cq BNN’s responsibility, but all components in the community are responsible and committed to implement P4GN through improvement of individual and the family’s immunity against the danger of drug abuse and illicit trafficking. This is not an easy task since the modus operandi of illicit trafficking is increasingly improving from year to year, not only in the urban area but in rural areas as well.
Finally, may we express our heartfelt thanks to all parties that have given their assistance and support in completing the 2017 Journal of Data. May this book give the fullest benefit to all for the progress of efforts of P4GN in the future.
Jakarta, September 2017
Compilation Team
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 197
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 198 DAFTAR PUSTAKA
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Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia. 2017. Data Kasus dan Tersangka serta Barang Bukti Tindak Pidana Narkoba yang Berhasil Disita oleh Mational Police Tahun 2012 – 2016. Jakarta, Indonesia.
Kementerian Keuangan RI, Direktorat Jenderal Bea dan Cukai Kementerian Keuangan. 2017. Data Penyitaan Narkotika Sitaan dari DirGen of Customs & Excise Ministry of Finance RI Tahun 2016. Jakarta, Indonesia.
Kementerian Keuangan RI, Direktorat Jenderal Bea dan Cukai Kementerian Keuangan. 2017. Data Penyitaan Narkotika Sitaan dari DirGen of Customs & Excise Ministry of Finance RI Tahun 2012 – 2016. Jakarta, Indonesia.
Kementerian Hukum dan HAM RI, Direktorat Jenderal Lembaga Pemasyarakatan. 2017. Data Narapidana dan Tahanan Kasus Narkoba di Seluruh Indonesia Tahun 2016. Jakarta, Indonesia.
Kementerian Hukum dan HAM RI, Direktorat Jenderal Lembaga Pemasyarakatan. 2017. Data Narapidana dan Tahanan Kasus Narkoba di Seluruh Indonesia Tahun 2012 – 2016. Jakarta, Indonesia.
Kementerian Hukum dan HAM RI, Direktorat Jenderal Lembaga Pemasyarakatan. 2017. Data Narapidana dan Tahanan di Lapas Khusus Narkotika Seluruh Indonesia dan Data Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Khusus Narkotika (Lapassustik) di Indonesia Tahun 2016. Jakarta, Indonesia.
Kejaksaan Agung RI. 2017. Data TOTAL Penyelesaian Perkara Narkotika dan Psikotropika per Provinsi dan Terpidana Mati WNA dan WNI Perkara Narkotika dan Psikotropika dari Kejaksaan Agung RI Tahun 2016. Jakarta, Indonesia.
Kejaksaan Agung RI. 2017. Data Terpidana Mati Kasus Narkoba yang telah Dieksekusi Tahun 2016. Jakarta, Indonesia
Kementerian Luar Negeri RI. 2017. Data Warga Negera Indonesia (WNI) yang Terlibat Tindak Pidana Narkoba di Luar Negeri Tahun 2016. Jakarta, Indonesia.
Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan. 2017. Data Hasil Pengujian Barang Bukti Tindak Pidana Narkotika, Psikotropika dan Zat Adiktif Tahun 2016. Jakarta, Indonesia.
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 199 Kementerian Kesehatan RI. 2017. Injecting Drugs User (IDU) dan HIV/AIDS Tahun 2016. Jakarta, Indonesia.
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. 2017. Data Injecting Drug User (IDU) dan HIV/AIDS Tahun 2012 – 2016. Jakarta, Indonesia.
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. 2017. Data Wajib Lapor dan Rehabilitasi Medis Tahun 2016. Jakarta, Indonesia.
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. 2017. Data Posisi Perkembangan Layanan Program Terapi Rumatan Metadon (PTRM) Tahun 2016. Jakarta, Indonesia.
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. 2017. Daftar Institusi Penerima Wajib Lapor (IPWL) Tahun 2016. Jakarta, Indonesia.
Kementerian Sosial RI. 2017. Data Penyalahguna Narkoba yang Melaporkan Diri ke Institusi Penerima Wajib Lapor (IPWL) Tahun 2016. Jakarta, Indonesia.
Kementerian Sosial RI. 2017. Daftar Institusi Penerima Wajib Lapor (IPWL) Tahun 2016. Jakarta, Indonesia.
Komisi Penanggulangan AIDS Nasional. 2017. Data Program Pengurangan Dampak Buruk Napza Suntik Tahun 2016. Jakarta, Indonesia.
Badan Narkotika Nasional, Deputi Bidang Pemberantasan BNN. 2017. Data Kasus dan Tersangka serta Barang Bukti Tindak Pidana Narkotika, Prekursor dan Pencucian Uang dari Badan Narkotika Nasional (BNN) Tahun 2016. Jakarta, Indonesia.
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Badan Narkotika Nasional, Deputi Bidang Pemberantasan BNN. 2017. Data Tahanan Kasus Narkotika di Badan Narkotika Nasional Tahun 2016. Jakarta, Indonesia.
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Badan Narkotika Nasional, Deputi Bidang Pemberantasan BNN. 2017. Data Rekomendasi Prekursor Non Farmasi yang Dikeluarkan oleh BNN Tahun 2016. Jakarta, Indonesia.
Badan Narkotika Nasional, Deputi Bidang Pemberantasan BNN. 2017. Data Kasus dan Tersangka serta Barang Bukti Tindak Pidana Narkotika dan Prekursor Tahun 2012 – 2016 dari BNN. Jakarta, Indonesia.
Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 200 Badan Narkotika Nasional, Deputi Bidang Pemberantasan BNN. 2017. Data Tahanan Kasus Narkotika di Badan Narkotika Nasional Tahun 2012 – 2016. Jakarta, Indonesia.
Badan Narkotika Nasional. 2017. Data Kasus dan Tersangka serta Barang Bukti Tindak Pidana Narkotika, Prekursor dan Pencucian Uang dari Badan Narkotika Nasional (BNN) Januari – Juli 2017. Jakarta, Indonesia.
Badan Narkotika Nasional, Deputi Bidang Pencegahan BNN. 2017. Data Hasil Kegiatan Deputi Bidang Pencegahan BNN Tahun 2016. Jakarta, Indonesia.
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Badan Narkotika Nasional, Deputi Bidang Rehabilitasi BNN. 2017. Data Klien yang Mengakses Layanan Rehabilitasi di Lembaga Rehabilitasi Komponen Masyarakat yang Memperoleh Dukungan Tahun 2016. Jakarta, Indonesia.
Badan Narkotika Nasional, Deputi Bidang Rehabilitasi BNN. 2017. Data Klien yang Mengakses Layanan Rehabilitasi di Lembaga Rehabilitasi Komponen Masyarakat yang Memperoleh Dukungan Tahun 2012 – 2016. Jakarta, Indonesia.
Badan Narkotika Nasional, Deputi Bidang Rehabilitasi BNN. 2017. Data Mantan Pecandu yang telah Mengikuti Program Pasca Rehabilitasi Tahun 2016. Jakarta, Indonesia.
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Badan Narkotika Nasional. 2017. Data Hasil Kegiatan Deputi Bidang Rehabilitasi BNN Januari – Juli Tahun 2017. Jakarta, Indonesia.
Badan Narkotika Nasional, Deputi Bidang Hukum dan Kerjasama BNN. 2017. Data Peraturan Kepala BNN dan MoU yang telah Dilaksanakan BNN Tahun 2016. Jakarta, Indonesia.
Badan Narkotika Nasional, Pusat Penelitian Data dan Informasi BNN. 2017. Data Hasil Penelitian Badan Narkotika Nasional Tahun 2016. Jakarta, Indonesia.
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Badan Narkotika Nasional, Balai Besar Rehabilitasi BNN. 2017. Data Penyalahguna yang Dirawat di Balai Besar Rehabilitasi BNN Tahun 2016. Jakarta, Indonesia.
Badan Narkotika Nasional, Balai Besar Rehabilitasi BNN. 2017. Data Penyalahguna yang Dirawat di Balai Besar Rehabilitasi BNN Tahun 2012– 2016. Jakarta, Indonesia.
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Badan Narkotika Nasional, Loka Rehabilitasi BNN Batam Kepulauan Riau. 2017. Data Penyalahguna yang Dirawat di Balai Besar Rehabilitasi Loka Batam Riau IslandsTahun 2016. Jakarta, Indonesia.
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Journal of Data Center of Research, Data and Information Year 2017 202