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What Is Science? Objectives  Define Science

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What Is Science? Objectives  Define Science What is Science? Objectives Define science. Give examples of how science is used. Define fact, theory, and law. Describe characteristics of scientific knowledge. Define what science is not. A Desire to Understand Humans share a desire to explore and understand the ________________ around us. (What is the world around us?) _________________ developed out this curiosity. Empiricism Science is based on empiricism – a search for knowledge based on ________________________ and observation. What is Science? Science is the human effort to gain knowledge about the world and how it works through ______________________ and experimentation, with observable physical evidence as the basis of that knowledge. Science is also the organized body of _____________________ gained through observation and experimentation (what others have already learned using science). We can read about this knowledge in encyclopedias, scientific ____________________, and text books. What is Knowledge? Knowledge is what we have ____________________or currently understand about the world in which we live. Pure Science vs. Applied Science Pure science describes the most basic objects and forces in the universe, relationships between them and ___________ governing them. Pure science is ________________ or learning for the purpose of adding information to the body of human knowledge. Pure science is a result of human curiosity. It is conducted by _______________, universities, publicly funded research facilities. Biology, ___________________, and physics are pure sciences. Applied science is research conducted for___________________ application such as a cure for cancer, designing a satellite, or improved automobile safety. It is using or applying pure science in actual practice or to work out practical ______________________. Engineering and _______________________ are applied sciences. Applied science is conducted by pharmaceutical companies or the auto industry. Usually for profit and privately funded. The Economy & Science What happens to scientific research when the economy is bad and money is limited? Facts, Theories, and Laws Scientific knowledge can be classified as fact, law, or theory. Facts Fact - An observation that has been repeatedly _____________________ and for all practical purposes is accepted as “true.” Examples of Facts Ocean water is more salty than freshwater. Fish breathe underwater using their gills. Objects less dense than water float on water. Fire needs oxygen to burn. Facts Truth in science, however, is never _______________ and what is accepted as a fact today may be modified or even discarded tomorrow. For example, the _________________________ never existed! Turns out it is the same thing as the Apatosaurus. Laws Law - a phenomenon (event) of nature that has been proven to ____________________ occur when certain conditions exist or are met. Laws describe ______________________ in nature. Laws do not explain _______ or _________. Examples of Laws The law of gravity (explains what happens, but not why) Newton’s Laws of Motion The law of conservation of mass Theories Theory - A hypothesis or a scientific explanation for a phenomenon (an event) that has been _____________________ tested, is supported by a large body of ___________________, and is widely accepted. A theory remains _______________ as long as there is no evidence to dispute it. Theories explain how and/or why. Theories can combine facts and __________ to explain phenomenon. Theories are often used to explain complex events (function of genes and DNA), events that occur over long periods of time (movement of a glacier, plate tectonics), are very distant (the birth of a star), are very large (explosions of a volcano) or are too small (movement of a euglena) to observe. Examples of Theories The theory of plate tectonics The theory of evolution The Big Bang theory What do each of these theories explain? 7 Characteristics of Scientific Knowledge 1. Amoral 2. Creative 3. Tentative/Developmental 4. Empirical 5. Unified 6. Socially and culturally embedded 7. Self-correcting Amoral Scientific knowledge is neither ____________ nor ____________. The knowledge of how to split an atom and cause a nuclear explosion is neither good nor bad, it is just knowledge. It is not making a moral judgment. Creative Scientific knowledge is the product of human ______________________ and intelligence. New knowledge comes when people question, think outside the box, think of other possible explanations, new and improved ways to do things. Galileo turned his spyglass to the stars. Tentative and Developmental Scientific knowledge is never _______________________ proven and is always changing. New explanations can develop from new technology, new understanding, or creative thinking. Development of atomic theory. Empirical/Testable Scientific knowledge is gained through __________________________ and experimentation. Knowledge must be able to be repeatedly _____________________. Procedures used to gain knowledge must be repeatable. Unified New knowledge/explanations must _______________ with current knowledge and thinking to be generally accepted. There is usually little disagreement in the science community. Socially and Culturally Embedded Knowledge that is not culturally supported is often overlooked, ignored or _________________. Knowledge needs the backing of the scientific community to be considered valuable. ___________________ was imprisoned for suggesting that the earth revolved around the sun. Stem cell, ____________________, genetic engineering? Self-Correcting Scientific knowledge is shared with society and other scientists and through scientific processes is built upon, ____________________, and possibly corrected. Ex. Development of atomic theory, theory of plate tectonics. Scientific Knowledge is Not… Based on ____________________ – somebody in authority told me Based on __________________________________ – I lived it Based on _______________________ – Everyone thinks it Based on a historical event – Recorded in history We need ___________________!!! What Science is Not… Science does not define ___________________. We used to believe the earth was flat and the sun orbited the earth. Everybody Uses Science Most careers, professions, hobbies, etc., and even every day life involve the use of science skills, processes, and knowledge. .
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