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The Maritime Transportation of Goods in Morocco

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The Maritime Transportation of Goods in Morocco Kingdom of Morocco Department of Studies and Financial Forecasts The maritime transportation of goods in Morocco Evolution and prospects ES DEPF I TUD S march 2016 March 2016 Le transport maritime des marchandises au Maroc : Evolution et perspectives Table of contents Table of contents………………………………………………………………………..…… 2 List of the graphs …………………………………………………………………………… .3 List of tables ……………………………………………………………………….…………...4 Introduction …………………………………………………………………………….…..….5 1. Analysis of the demand of the Moroccan sea transport………………………….6 1.1. A demand strongly bound to the trade…………………………………….………6 1.2. As well as in the world maritime traffic ……………………………….………….8 1.3. A demand dominated by the solid bulk traffic……………………………….. 9 1.3.1. Export traffic of the phosphate……………………………………………….…...9 1.3.2. Export traffic of natural and chemical fertilizers with a diversification of the destinations ……………………………………………………………..………………………12 1.3.3. Import Traffic of cereal dependent on the national production ………..14 1.3.4. Import Traffic of coal ……………………………………………………….………16 1.3.5. Import Traffic of Sulfur………………………………………………………….. 19 1.4. … As well as by the liquid bulk traffic................................................…...20 1.4.1. Import Traffic of hydrocarbons ………………………………………………….20 1.4.2. Export Traffic of the phosphoric acid and the import traffic of ammonia ……………………………………………………………………………………… ..25 2. The offer of the maritime transport (two opposite trends) ……………… ….26 2 Le transport maritime des marchandises au Maroc : Evolution et perspectives 2.1. A development process of the maritime transport infrastructures………..27 2.2. A national flag in decline in an international context favorable for developing countries……………………………………………………………………………… …………34 2.2.1 A strong regression of the Moroccan merchant fleet ………………………36 2.2.2 A decline which showed itself by a deficit in the maritime transport services………………………………………………………………………………… ………..38 Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………….………40 Appendices…………………………………………………………………….……… ……….45 Bibliography …………………………………………………………………………………..46 3 Le transport maritime des marchandises au Maroc : Evolution et perspectives List of the graphs Graph 1: evolution of Moroccan exports and imports between 1993 and 2013…. 6 Graph 2: evolution, by grouping of use, of Moroccan imports and exports by volume (in thousand tons)……………………………………………………………………….7 Graph 3: regional distribution of the Moroccan imports and exports …………....7 Graph 4: evolution of the Moroccan and world maritime traffic……………….…... 8 Graph 5: evolution of the structure of the Moroccan maritime traffic………….…. 9 Graph 6: structure of the Moroccan maritime solid bulks traffic ……………….….. 9 Graph 7: evolution of the exports and the price / ton of phosphates and by-products …………………………………………………………………………………………..….10 Graph 8: evolution of the composition of fertilizers in the world market ……..…13 Graph 9: evolution of the consumption and the maritime traffic of fertilizers in Morocco………………………………………………………………………………………..……. 14 Graph 10: evolution of the cereal supply structure (In %) and of the connected sea traffic (in MT)…………………………………………………………………………………….….15 Graph 11: production and cereal traffic (In KT)………………………………………… 15 Graph 12: production of Morocco and imports by country of main cereal (in KT) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ...16 Graph 13: evolution of coal traffic and coal-generated ……………………………….. 18 Graph 14: geographical distribution of the Moroccan imports of coal and coke... 19 Graph 15: evolution of the imports of sulfur and the production of the phosphoric acid (in KT)………………………………………………………………………………………….. 19 Graph 16: evolution of the hydrocarbons traffic by volume (In KT)……………... 21 Graph 17: transformation process) of petroleum products (except crude oil)……..22 Graph 18: final Consumption of petroleum products by sector (1000 TEP)……… 22 Graph 19: geographical distribution of the Moroccan imports of crude oil……… 23 Graph 20: sources of petroleum products in 2012…………………………………………23 Graph 21: geographical distribution of the Moroccan imports of petroleum products………………………………………………………………………………………………. 24 Graph 22: traffic of the phosphoric acid (in export) and some ammonia (in import) (In KT)……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 26 Graph 23: harbour Traffic (Import - export) in million tons ……………………….. 29 Graph 24: harbour Traffic on the horizon of 2030……………………………………... 30 Graph 25: average Time required and the cost by container in 2006 and 2013….. 34 Graph 26: evolution of the international maritime traffic (loaded goods)……….… 34 Graph 27: composition of the world maritime traffic for 1990, 2000, and 2012…. 35 Graph 28: composition of the world maritime fleet………………………………………35 Graph 29: evolution of the composition of the fleet under the Moroccan flag (mTPL)…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 37 Graph 30: evolution of the revenues and expenditures of the services of transport (in MDH)…………………………………………………………………………………………. 38 Graph 31: evolution of the exchanges of the maritime transport services…….…39 Graph 32: The maritime transports’ services for 2011 (in million dollars) …….39 4 Le transport maritime des marchandises au Maroc : Evolution et perspectives List of tables Table 1: the main importers of the Moroccan raw phosphate (in 1000T and %)… 12 Table 2: the main importers of Moroccan fertilizers (1000T and %)…………….…. 14 Table 3: the main suppliers of Morocco in solid sulfur for the periods……………. 20 Table 4: the main destinations of the Moroccan petroleum products…………….. 25 Table 5: the main importers of the phosphoric acid of the OCP…………………… 26 Table 6: the main ammonia supplier countries of Morocco………………………… 27 Table 7: characteristics of the Moroccan trade ports in 2013………………………… 28 Table 8: cost estimate of construction and development of the main ports……… 31 Table 9: the main harbour operators in Morocco…………………………………….… 32 Picture 10: The quality of the port infrastructures of Morocco in 2014…………... 33 Picture 11: indication of connectivity of liner shipping…………………………………33 Picture 12: The evolution of the overall sea fleet capacity of some competitor countries and /or neighboring countries of Morocco……………………………………36 5 Le transport maritime des marchandises au Maroc : Evolution et perspectives Introduction The international trade transported by sea route represents 80 % of the global trade by volume. Therefore, the maritime transport constitutes a key element of the international trade and, consequently, an important link of the world value chain whose dynamics determine the competitiveness of the exchanged goods. The development of the maritime transport depends, on the demand side, on the international trade and from, the variables which influence the international economic situation, and on the supply side, the strategy of every country regarding investment and regulation to improve the offer of the maritime transport services. The commercial opening of the Moroccan economy, implemented since its membership in GATT in 1987 and then in the WTO in 1994 and achieved by the signature of a multitude of agreements of free trade and trade agreements, was translated by a proliferation of the trade with the rest of the world, what aroused a strong need regarding infrastructures and regarding services to support this evolution. In this context, the maritime transport is considered as being a strategic sector for the Moroccan economy, as far as more than 95 % of the Moroccan foreign trade passes in transit by sea route. Besides, the geographical position of Morocco on the Detroit, in an important trade crossroads connecting Europe, Africa, Asia and Americas makes of the maritime transport the appropriate way of the Moroccan economy integration in the global economy. Besides, the maritime transport generates important externalities in terms of services and maritime works, in particular, for the administrative staff. In this sense, it would be convenient to identify the comparative advantages of this sector and the adjustments to undertake in order to benefit at best from the opportunities which are outlined in terms of the sectorial and geographical changes in prospects at the international level. Thus, the present paper will concern, in its first section, the analysis of the evolution over a long period of the maritime transport demand of the freight in Morocco and this is true by declining it by type of goods. This analysis will allow to shed light on the main goods transiting by sea as well as their country of destination and\or origin and to illustrate the main factors which impact the trade and, consequently, the maritime traffic. As for the second section, it will further decipher the offer of the maritime transport of the freight by highlighting, at first sight, the importance of the infrastructure of the maritime transport as well as the effort made to make of Morocco a harbour hub of the euro-Mediterranean region. This section will analyze, in depth, the current situation of the Moroccan maritime fleet and its evolution during the last 20 years. 6 Le transport maritime des marchandises au Maroc : Evolution et perspectives 1. Analysis of the demand of the Moroccan maritime transport 1.1. A demand strongly connected to the trade … The Moroccan foreign trade constitutes a determining factor of the demand for the maritime transport. It knew, during the last two decades, an evolution at different speeds. Indeed, the exports and the imports increased respectively from 45,9 and 70,4 billion dirhams in 1993 to 184,7 and 379,9 billion
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