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Ensisheim 2001 Ensisheim 2001 BIULETYN MI£ONIKÓW METEORYTÓW METEORYTMETEORYT Nr 3 (39) Wrzesieñ 2001 Ensisheim 2001 2/2001 METEORYT str. 1 Od redaktora: Meteoryt (ISSN 1642-588X) biuletyn dla mi³oników me- Pytanie, dlaczego jedne okazy Gibeona maj¹ wyraziste figury teorytów wydawany przez Widmanstättena, a inne nie, drêczy³o mnie od dawna, szczególnie Olsztyñskie Planetarium i Ob- gdy sprowadza³em okaz z nadziej¹ na uzyskanie efektownych figur serwatorium Astronomiczne, na przekrojach, a okazywa³o siê, ¿e prawie nic nie widaæ. Dlatego Muzeum Miko³aja Kopernika z ogromnym zainteresowaniem przeczyta³em artyku³ Dietricha we Fromborku i Pallasite Press i Königa i polecam go ka¿demu kolekcjonerowi. Gibeona znaj¹ wydawcê kwartalnika Mete- przecie¿ wszyscy, nieprawda¿? orite! z którego pochodzi wiêk- sza czêæ publikowanych mate- Historia poszukiwañ meteorytu Tagish Lake ci¹gnie siê jak ria³ów. brazylijski serial, ale poniewa¿ zacz¹³em j¹ t³umaczyæ, wiêc chcê skoñczyæ. Sk¹d mog³em przypuszczaæ, ¿e zrobi¹ z tego taki tasie- Redaguje Andrzej S. Pilski miec? Na szczêcie w nastêpnym numerze ma byæ koniec. Sk³ad: Jacek Dr¹¿kowski Nasi kolekcjonerzy meteorytów zaczêli pojawiaæ siê na euro- Druk: Jan, Lidzbark Warm. pejskich targach meteorytowych, a dosz³y mnie wieci, ¿e na Adres redakcji: tegorocznych targach w Gifhorn bêdzie tak¿e polskie stoisko. skr. poczt. 6 Tymczasem zapraszam na relacjê z targów w Ensisheim, gdzie 14-530 Frombork warto siê wybraæ, by zobaczyæ najstarszy europejski meteoryt, tel. 0-55-243-7392 którego spadek obserwowano. Tym, którym za daleko na zagra- e-mail: [email protected] niczne targi, proponujê spotkania na gie³dach w £odzi i Gliwi- Biuletyn wydawany jest kwartal- cach. Szczegó³y na dalszych stronach. nie i dostêpny wy³¹cznie w pre- numeracie. Roczna prenumerata Wiele osób ma w¹tpliwoci, czy mo¿na wykorzystywaæ mete- wynosi w 2001 roku 20 z³. Zain- oryty do wyrobu bi¿uterii. Mam wra¿enie, ¿e twórczoæ pewnego teresowanych prosimy o wp³ace- z³otnika z Wroc³awia sugeruje, ¿e mo¿na i warto. W ka¿dym razie nie tej kwoty na konto Olsztyñ- amatorzy bi¿uterii meteorytowej nie musz¹ ju¿ szukaæ jej za skiego Planetarium i Obserwato- granic¹. Jedynym minusem s¹ astronomiczne ceny, ale gdy do rium Astronomicznego nr: meteorytu dodaje siê z³oto, trudno oczekiwaæ innych cen. 15401072-3724-36001-00-01 Z przyjemnoci¹ zauwa¿am, ¿e liczba mi³oników meteorytów, w BO SA O/Olsztyn, którzy decyduj¹ siê na pisanie o swoich dowiadczeniach, powoli zaznaczaj¹c cel wp³aty. ronie. Dziêkujê tym, którzy ju¿ co w Meteorycie opublikowali i namawiam do pójcia w ich lady. Wczeniejsze roczniki powielane s¹ na zamówienie za op³at¹ równ¹ Andrzej S. Pilski wysokoci aktualnej prenumeraty. Na ok³adce: Stoisko Petera Pitmanna na targach w Ensisheim. Fot. M. Cima³a. ASPMET zaprasza: Subscribe to do £odzi na XIX wystawê i gie³dê INTERSTONE METEORITE 2930 wrzenia 2001 r. w godz. 10:0018:00 Pallasite Press £ódzki Orodek Sportu P.O. Box 33-1218 ul. Ks. Skorupki 21 Takapuna, Auckland do Gliwic na gie³dê NEW ZEALAND minera³ów i skamienia³oci ! 2425 listopada 2001 r., w godz. 10:0018:00 4 issues per year $US27 Wydzia³ Górnictwa i Geologii (2nd class airmail) Politechniki l¹skiej Meteorytowa VISA & MasterCard ul. Akademicka 2 accepted do sklepiku internetowego bi¿uteria na gocinnych stronach www.meteor.co.nz Polskiego Serwisu Meteorytów http://republika.pl/jba1 www.pba.poznan.com.pl str. 2 METEORYT 3/2001 Typowy oktaedryt Gibeon w ¿adnym wypadku Roland Dietrich & Stefan König (Artyku³ z kwartalnika METEORITE Vol. 7 No. 3. Copyright © 2001 Pallasite Press) pisane po raz pierwszy ponad to kilka lat temu w Meteorycie (R. Podczas tych samych procesów wrostki O150 lat temu meteoryty ¿ela- Dietrich i S. König, marzec 1997). Ten troilitu zosta³y rozci¹gniête i rozerwane zne Gibeon by³y zbierane od sposób formowania siê kryszta³ów ob- na kilka fragmentów. tego czasu bardzo intensywnie i znajduj¹ serwuje siê, szczególnie w przypadku Dwa przyk³ady ze znalezisk ostat- siê w licznych zbiorach ca³ego wiata. meteorytu Gibeon, nawet teraz. Doæ po- nich lat mo¿na zobaczyæ na zdjêciach Meteoryt Gibeon znamy w postaci licz- dobne efekty zauwa¿ono jednak ostat- 1 i 2. Na pierwszym okazie bardzo wy- nych wytrawionych p³yt w muzeach nio na zwietrza³ych okazach meteory- ranie widaæ silne deformacje w wyni- i licznych zdjêæ w podrêcznikach i cza- tów z Nantan w Chinach, których po- ku skrêcania, prowadz¹ce do typowej sopismach jako typowy oktaedryt drob- wierzchnie przybiera³y niezbyt wyra- sylwetki przypominaj¹cej g³owê ptaka. noziarnisty maj¹cy bardzo regularne fi- ne kszta³ty omiocianu. Zauwa¿ono Paski figur Widmanstättena zosta³y za- gury Widmanstättena. Ten obraz jest jed- tak¿e, ¿e czasem na okazach Sikhote- krzywione o prawie 180 stopni i wy- nak bardzo myl¹cy. Oktaedryt Gibeon Alin widaæ roz³upanie wzd³u¿ p³asz- ci¹gniête tak, ¿e staj¹ siê coraz cieñsze jest bardzo niezwyk³ym meteorytem, czyzn omiocianu. i w koñcu ca³a strefa wydaje siê pozba- który wci¹¿ nas zaskakuje. Tak wiêc konsekwencj¹ wytworze- wiona figur. Podobne zdjêcia by³y pu- Meteoryt Gibeon jest wyj¹tkowy ze nia ciep³a wewn¹trz i gwa³townego ro- blikowane w literaturze (V. F. Bu- wzglêdu na wielkoæ jego elipsy rozrzutu zerwania wielkiej ¿elaznej bry³y Gibe- chwald, str. 587). o rozmiarach co najmniej 390 na 120 km. ona s¹ znaczne deformacje w postaci Te same cechy s¹ widoczne na Taki ogromny obszar rozrzutu jest skut- skrêceñ, wyd³u¿eñ, uskoków i wyszarp- wiêkszej p³ycie na zdjêciu 2 z tego sa- kiem bardzo gwa³townego rozpadu du- niêæ widoczne na wytrawionych po- mego znaleziska. Uwagê zwraca du¿a ¿ej masy spowodowanego bardzo sil- wierzchniach szczególnie z wiêkszych struktura w dolnej czêci p³yty, która jest nym wyhamowaniem du¿ej prêdkoci bry³ ¿elaza znajdowanych w XIX wie- ziarnem taenitu, którego powierzchnie kosmicznej w górnych warstwach at- ku. Paski w figurach Widmanstättena s¹ omiocianu maj¹ inn¹ orientacjê ni¿ mosfery. Dzi pierwotn¹ wielkoæ Gi- w tych przypadkach coraz wê¿sze i czê- reszta p³yty. Otacza j¹ szeroka obwódka beona ocenia siê na oko³o 4×4×1,5 me- sto silnie zakrzywione. Poza obróbk¹ kamacytu jako granica miêdzy tymi tra a wiêc znacznie wiêcej ni¿ 60-tono- na zimno strefy bardziej peryferyjnej dwiema fazami g. Ta czêæ jak i ca³a p³y- wy meteoryt Hoba, który jest najwiêk- struktura zosta³a przeobra¿ona do tego ta podlega³a bardzo gwa³townym defor- szym meteorytem na Ziemi. Rozerwa- stopnia, ¿e w ogóle nie widaæ figur Wid- macjom. Paski figur skrêcaj¹ w przeciw- nie bry³y Gibeona musia³o byæ wyj¹t- manstättena, natomiast metal zyska³ ne strony, tworz¹c kszta³t szeroko roz- kowo gwa³towne, skoro w wielu oka- znacznie wiêksz¹ twardoæ (V. F. Bu- wartego dzwonu, a by³y owal lub ko³o zach mo¿na zaobserwowaæ bardzo nie- chwald). Obróbka na zimno to tech- wrostka troilitu zosta³ silnie wyd³u¿ony zwyk³e szczegó³y struktury. Okazy z ta- niczne okrelenie u¿ywane przez meta- i wyrwany ku koñcowi p³yty. W minio- kimi niezwyk³ymi strukturami znalezio- lurgów w odniesieniu do znacznych de- nym stuleciu wiêksze okazy stawa³y siê no blisko brzegów elipsy rozrzutu, co formacji metali takich jak ¿elazo w sto- coraz rzadsze, a na ma³ych fragmentach wskazuje na niezwykle silne cinienie sunkowo niskich temperaturach, nato- takie struktury trudno zaobserwowaæ. dzia³aj¹ce na te fragmenty podczas roz- miast obróbka na gor¹co oznacza pro- Uwa¿ane wczeniej za skutki zderzenia padu (V. F. Buchwald). cesy w bardzo wysokich temperaturach. z Ziemi¹ deformacje krystalicznej struk- A. Brezina i E. Cohen obserwowali w znalezisku Mukerop z 1899 roku zadziwiaj¹ce szczeliny i spêkania zorien- towane krystalograficznie wzd³u¿ p³asz- czyzn omiocianu pierwotnych krysz- ta³ów taenitu. Spowodowa³o je silne ci- nienie, jakiemu podlega³a bry³a mete- orytu podczas rozpadu w atmosferze. Te efekty dok³adnie odpowiadaj¹ ³adnym pseudokryszta³om znajdowanym w ostatnich latach na terenie Gibeona przy pomocy wykrywaczy metalu. Te pseu- dokryszta³y powsta³y w wyniku wie- Fot. 1. Skrajne deformacje bry³y meteorytu ¿elaznego spowodowane wytworzeniem siê ciep³a w trzenia, które postêpowa³o wzd³u¿ tych masie ¿elaza oraz obróbk¹ na zimno w wyniku gwa³townego rozerwania bry³y ¿elaza w gór- spêkañ w g³¹b bry³y ¿elaza, jak opisano nych warstwach atmosfery. 2/2001 METEORYT str. 3 tury uznaje siê teraz za skutek gwa³tow- nego rozerwania meteoroidu w ziem- skiej atmosferze. Jeszcze ciekawiej wygl¹da trzecia p³yta pokazana na zdjêciu 3, o wymia- rach 14 × 17 × 0,6 cm, pozwalaj¹ca wy- ci¹gn¹æ wnioski na temat historii sty- gniêcia meteorytu Gibeon w jego ciele planetarnym. Ten okaz to jedna z trzech p³yt, które pojawi³y siê kilka lat temu na targach minera³ów w Denver, w USA. Najpierw rzuca siê w oczy idealnie okr¹- g³a du¿a dziura, oczywicie po inkluzji troilitu, z której nic nie pozosta³o. Naj- wa¿niejsze szczegó³y jednak to du¿e, Fot. 2. Silne zniekszta³cenie doprowadzi³o do wyraniego zakrzywienia figur Widmanstättena o geometrycznych kszta³tach, niemal po- i silnego rozci¹gniêcia i rozerwania du¿ego wrostka troilitu. zbawione struktury kryszta³y, kontrastu- stronie p³yty, co potwierdza ich trójwy- Okazy oktaedrytów przewa¿nie s¹ j¹ce z otaczaj¹cymi je figurami Wid- miarowoæ. Po dok³adniejszym zbada- mniejszymi fragmentami niegdy wiêk- manstättena. Struktury widoczne na niu okazuje siê, ¿e p³yta ma bardzo z³o- szych kryszta³ów taenitu. Tylko w kilku zdjêciu 3 wywo³uj¹ tak zaskakuj¹ce wra- ¿on¹ budowê. Zauwa¿ono dziewiêæ ró¿- przypadkach po wypolerowaniu i wy- ¿enie, ¿e w opinii kilku ekspertów trud- nych kryszta³ów o wyranie zarysowa- trawieniu mo¿na zaobserwowaæ grani- no by by³o znaleæ inny meteoryt o po- nych granicach (Fot.
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