MMnbfw hU Ni_tan Dev S_ Niii'qil, ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~LNVtIVOF~a G _ CICULTh%AL NRA Public Disclosure Authorized EnvironmentalAssessment of the MozambiqueNational Water Development Project Public Disclosure Authorized Prepared by NORAGRIC Centre for InternationalEnvironment and DevelopmentStudies Agricultural University of Norway P.O. Box 5001 N-1432 As Public Disclosure Authorized Norway for The World Bank Washington, DC, USA and Direcgao Nacional de Aguas Maputo, Mogambique Public Disclosure Authorized July 1996 (Second Edition August 1997) ASICULTUBAIUNIVEBSffY If NOWAY -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ it i CONTENTS List of Figures iv Abbreviationsand Acronyms v Executive Summary vii 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Overview of the Project 1 1.2 Scope of the EnvironmentalAssessment 4 1.2.1 ConstructionActivities 4 1.2.2 Resettlement 4 1.2.3 Public Consultation 5 1.2.4 Urban Sanitation 6 1.2.5 Water Quantity Management 6 1.3 Study Area 7 1.4 Structure of the Report 8 2. Policy, Legal and InstitutionalFramework 9 2.1 National Water Policy 9 2.2 Water Legislation 10 2.2.1 The Water Act 10 2.2.2 The Land Act 11 2.2.3 The MunicipalityAct 12 2.2.4 The Proposed EnvironmentalAct and EIA Regulations 12 2.3 InstitutionalFramework 13 2.3.1 National Water Council 14 2.3.2 National Directorateof Water 14 2.3.3 Regional Water Administrations 14 2.3.4 Water Companies 15 3. National EnvironmentalSetting 17 3.1 BiophysicalResource Base 17 3.2 EnviromnentalQuality 19 3.3 BiophysicalResource Use 19 3.4 Socio-EconomicEnvironment 19 4. Assessment of Urban and Peri-UrbanWater Supply 21 4.1 Introduction 21 4.2 Issues Common to All Cities/Towns 21 4.2.1 Public Taps, House and Yard Connections,and Sanitation 21 4.2.2 Beneficiary Involvementin the Location, Planning and Design of New DistributionSystems 22 4.2.3 Routing of DistributionSystems 23 4.2.4 Sewage and Waste Water Ccllection and Treatment 23 4.2.5 Impacts on Aquatic Life 24 4.2.6 Socio-EconomicDimensions 24 ii 4.3' Maputo 26 4.3.1 Existing Water Systems 26 4.3.2 Current EnvironmentalSituation 30 4.3.3 Project Description 31 4.3.4 EnvironmentalAssessment of the NWDP 32 4.3.5 Analysis of Alternatives 35 4.3.6 Summary of Recommendations 36 4.4 Beira 37 4.4.1 Existing Water Systems 37 4.4.2 Current EnvironmentalSituation 40 4.4.3 Project Description 41 4.4.4 EnvironmentalAssessment of the NWDP 42 4.4.5 Analysisof Alternatives 45 4.4.6 Summary of Recommendations 45 4.5 Quelimane 47 4.5.1 Existing Water Systems 47 4.5.2 Current EnvironmentalSituation 49 4.5.3 Project Descziption 50 4.5.4 EnvironmentalAssessment of the NWDP 51 4.5.5 Analysis of Altematives 54 4.5.6 Summaryof Recommnendations 55 4.6 Nampula 57 4.6.1 Existing Water Systems 57 4.6.2 Current EnvironmentalSituation 60 4.6.3 Project Description 62 4.6.4 EnvironmentalAssessment of the NWDP 63 4.6.5 Analysis of Altematives 66 4.6.6 Summary of Recommendations 67 4.7 Pemba 69 4.7.1 Existing Water Systems 69 4.7.2 Current EnvirommentalSituation 71 4.7.3 Project Description 73 4.7.4 EnvironmentalAssessment of the NWDP 74 4.7.5 Analysis of Alternatives 76 4.7.6 Summary of Recommendations 77 5. Assessment of Rural Water and Sanitation 79 5.1 Current Condition of Rural Water and Sanitation 79 5.2 Project Description 79 5.3 Recommendationson EnviromnentalIssues 80 5.4 Summary of Recommendations 81 6. Asessmentof Water ResourcesManagement 83 6.1 Introduction 83 6.2 Management DevelopmentPlan for ARA-Sul 84 6.2.1 Introduction 84 6.2.2 EnvironmentalConcerns Associated with Urban Water Supply 84 6.2.3 Comments on the Terms of Reference 85 6.3 Corumana Dam Completion Works 86 6.3.1 Introduction 86 6.3.2 Commentson the Terms of Reference 87 6.4 Strengtheningof Managementof Shared Water Resources 87 6.4.1 Introduction 87 6.4.2 EnvironmentalConcems Associatedwith Urban Water Supply 88 6.4.3 Commentson the Terms of Reference 88 6.5 Joint Incomati Study -- SupplementaryWork in Mozambique 89 6.5.1 Introduction 89 6.5.2 EnvironmentalConcerns Associated with Urban Water Supply 89 6.5.3 Commentson the Terms of Reference 89 7. EnvironmentalManagement Plan 91 7.1 Introduction 91 7.2 Location,Planning and Design 91 7.2.1 Refurbishment/Expansionof ExistingTreatment Plants 91 7.2.2 DistributionSystems 91 7.3 Construction 92 7.3.1 Water Sources and TreatmentPlants 92 7.3.2 Transmissionand Storage 92 7.3.3 DistributionSystems 93 7.4 Operation 93 7.4.1 Water Sources and TreatmentPlants 93 7.4.2 Transmissionand Storage 93 7.4.3 DistributionSystems 93 7.5 Resettlement 94 7.6 EnvironmentalMonitoring and Management 96 7.7 EnvironmentalAwareness-Building and Training 97 References 99 Appendices A. Inception Report and Terms of Reference 103 B. Economic Analysis 123 C. Team Members, Work Schedule and Division of Tasks 137 D. People/OrganizationsConsulted 139 E. Public Display and Consultations- SummaryReport 142 iv LIST OF FIGURES 1.1 Mozambique 2 4.1 The Maputo Region 27 4.2 The Maputo Water System 28 4.3 Project Investments in Maputo 33 4.4 The Beira Water System 38 4.5 Project Investments in Beira 42 4.6 The QuelimaneWater System 48 4.7 Project Investments in Quelimane 52 4.8 The Nampula Water System 58 4.9 Project Investments in Nampula 63 4.10 The Pemba Water System 70 4.11 Project Investmentsin Pemba 74 v ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AdM Aguas de Maputo AdN. Aguas de Nampula AdP Aguas de Pemba AdQ Aguas de Quelimane ARA Regional Water Administration(Administra,co Regional de Aguas) BA BeneficiaryAssessment CAB Companhiade Aguas de Beira DAS Departmentof Water and Sanitation(Departamento da Agua e Saneamiento) DNA National Directorateof Water (Direc9aoNacional de Aguas) EA EnvironmentalAssessment EDM Electricity Company of Mozambique(Electricidade de Mocambique) EIA EnvironmentalImpact Analysis FiNNIDA Finnish IntemationalDevelopment Agency GoM Governmentof Moz,ambique 4 HC House connection MICOA Ministry for Coordinationof EnvironmentalActions (Ministerio Para a Coordena,co da Ac,caoAmbiental) MISAU Ministry of Health (Minist6riodo Sadde) MOPH Ministry of Public Works and Housing (Ministeriodas Obras Publicas e Habita9ao) Mt Metical (local currency) NGO Non-governmentalorganization NWDP National Water DevelopmentProject (new project title) NWRMDP National Water ResourcesManagement and DevelopmentProject O&M Operation and maintenance PRONAR National Program for Rural Water Supply(Programa Nacionaldos Aguas Rurais) PT Public tap (standpost) SUPRA Regional water constructionunit TOR Terms of reference WB The World Bank WHO The World Health Organizationof the United Nations YC Yard connection vi l Executive Summary vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The USD 125 millionMozambique National Water DevelopmentProject (NWDP) (previouslynamed: Mozambique National Water ResourcesManagement and DevelopmentProject) will be fundedby the World Bank and executedby the Governmentof Mozambique,in support of the implementationof the Mozambique National Water Policy. It will commencein 1997 or early 1998 and have threemain components,plus supportto capacity-buildingwithin Mozambiqueto successfully implementthem: 1. Urban and Peri-UrbanWater Supply which will rehabilitateand extendthe water supply systemswith some complementaryinvestments in sanitarysystems in five cities -- Maputo, Beira, Quelimane, Nampula and Pemba -- incorporating an investmentprogram for each city, allocationsto support managementcontracts, and managementdevelopment for seven other cities; 2. Rural Water and Sanitationconsisting of improvementand rehabilitationof small piped water and sanitationsystems on a pilot basis in rural towns; and 3. Water ResourcesManagement incorporating four sub-projects: 3 ManagementDevelopment Plan for ARA-Sul e. Corumana Dam Completion Works * Strengtheningof Managementof Shared Water Resources 3 Joint IncomatiStudy -- SupplementaryWork in Mozambique In addition,allocations are proposed for capacity developmentand technical assistance (projectimplementation unit), planning and strategydevelopment studies in urban and rural water supplyand sanitation,and project implementation. The NWDP was classifiedby the Bank as a CategoryB project. This EA report was prepared in accordancewith Bank EA practices,relevant guidancefrom the Bank's OD 4.01, and terms of reference(TOR) provided by the Bank. As an initialstep, a scoping exercisewas carriedout and resulted in an InceptionReport which modifiedthe TOR somewhat. The InceptionReport was approvedin principleby the Bank with substantialcomments on the key issues of public consultation,and pollutionand environmentalhealth problemsrelated to sanitation. These issueswere clarifiedand the EA proceededon the basis of the InceptionReport. After the draft final EA reportwas presented,and during the Staff Appraisal process, the Bank expandedthe scope of the project to include investmentsin complementarysanitary systems and developmentof seweragerehabilitation plans for implementationunder an upcomingUrban EnvironmentalManagement Project. The Team did not have accessto any documentationon these issues during the work on the EA study. The final EA reporttherefor reflects this new positivedevelopment of the project only to the degree specificBank comments(Shepherd 1996b) refer to the new componentsof the project.The EA report is basicallyprepared in referenceto the project description as outlinedin the Aide Memoire of 1 March 1996 (WB 1996b). viii Executive Summary Concerningpublic consultationduring the EA study,it was foundthat project componentslikely to be of direct concem to the publicwere not sufficientlydefined to make consultationproductive at the time of the