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Summer 2006 Gems & Gemology

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Summer 2006 Gems & Gemology G EMS & G VOLUME XLII SUMMER 2006 EMOLOGY S UMMER 2006 P AGES 95–204 LA-ICP-MS in Gemology The Cullinan Diamonds V OLUME Zircon in Heated Sapphire Faceting Rhodonite 42 N O. 2 THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE GEMOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF AMERICA ® Summer 2006 VOLUME 42, NO. 2 EDITORIAL _____________ 95 GIA Celebrates 75 Years . Alice S. Keller 97 LETTERS _______ FEATURE ARTICLES _____________ 98 Applications of Laser Ablation–Inductively Coupled Plasma– Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to Gemology Carat Points Ahmadjan Abduriyim and Hiroshi Kitawaki Summarizes the principles of this powerful technique and examines its useful- ness for detecting Be-diffusion treatment and determining locality of origin. pg. 116 120 The Cullinan Diamond Centennial: A History and Gemological Analysis of Cullinans I and II Kenneth Scarratt and Russell Shor Offers previously undocumented details about the largest gem diamond ever found, as well as two of the famous diamonds that were cut from it. 134 The Effects of Heat Treatment on Zircon Inclusions In Madagascar Sapphires Wuyi Wang, Kenneth Scarratt, John L. Emmett, Christopher M. Breeding, and Troy R. Douthit Documents the alteration of zircon inclusions during heat treatment of sapphires at different temperatures. NOTES & NEW TECHNIQUES _____________ 151 Faceting Transparent Rhodonite from Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia pg. 121 Paul W. Millsteed Presents a technique for faceting transparent rhodonite. REGULAR FEATURES _____________________ 159 Thank You, Donors 160 Lab Notes • Bone pendant • Diamonds with circular radiation stains • Diamond with intense graining • Coated pink diamonds • Diamond with unusual etch channel • Diamond with sapphire inclusions • Imitation Melo “pearls” • Moonstone imitations 169 Gem News International • Alaskan amber • Iridescent andradite from Mexico • Star emeralds • Euclase pg. 163 from Colombia • Color-change fluorite • Herderite from Pakistan • Jeremejevite from Myanmar and Sri Lanka • Pink opal from Peru • Prehnite from Australia and Mali • Unusual sapphire inclusions • Sillimanite resembling moonstone • Sphene from Afghanistan • Uvite-dravite tourmaline from Tanzania • Triploidite from China • Väyrynenite from Afghanistan • Diffusion-treated synthetic sap- phire • Lead glass–filled ruby bead necklace 189 Book Reviews 192 Gemological Abstracts 204 The Last Page: A Colored Diamonds Chronology pg. 170 ® EDITORIAL Editor-in-Chief Editor Editors, Lab Notes STAFF Alice S. Keller Brendan M. Laurs Thomas M. Moses [email protected] The Robert Mouawad Campus Shane F. McClure 5345 Armada Drive Managing Editor Carlsbad, CA 92008 Editor, Gem News International Thomas W. Overton (760) 603-4503 Brendan M. Laurs [email protected] [email protected] Technical Editor Editors, Book Reviews Associate Editor Sally Magaña Susan B. Johnson Stuart Overlin [email protected] Jana E. Miyahira-Smith [email protected] Stuart Overlin Consulting Editor Circulation Coordinator Carol M. Stockton Debbie Ortiz Editors, Gemological Abstracts Contributing Editor (760) 603-4000, ext. 7142 Brendan M. Laurs James E. Shigley [email protected] Thomas W. Overton PRODUCTION Art Director Production Assistant Website: STAFF Karen Myers Allison DeLong www.gia.edu EDITORIAL Shigeru Akamatsu A. J. A. (Bram) Janse George Rossman REVIEW BOARD Tokyo, Japan Perth, Australia Pasadena, California Alan T. Collins Alan Jobbins Kenneth Scarratt London, United Kingdom Caterham, United Kingdom Bangkok, Thailand G. Robert Crowningshield Mary L. Johnson James E. Shigley New York, New York San Diego, California Carlsbad, California John Emmett Anthony R. Kampf Christopher P. Smith Brush Prairie, Washington Los Angeles, California New York, New York Emmanuel Fritsch Robert E. Kane Christopher M. Welbourn Nantes, France Helena, Montana Reading, United Kingdom Henry A. Hänni Thomas M. Moses Basel, Switzerland New York, New York SUBSCRIPTIONS Subscriptions to addresses in the U.S. are priced as follows: $74.95 for one year (4 issues), $194.95 for three years (12 issues). Subscriptions sent elsewhere are $85.00 for one year, $225.00 for three years. Canadian subscribers should add GST. Special rates are available for GIA alumni and current GIA students. One year: $64.95 to addresses in the U.S., $75.00 else- where; three years: $179.95 to addresses in the U.S., $210.00 elsewhere. Please have your student or Alumni number ready when ordering. Go to www.gia.edu or contact the Circulation Coordinator. Single copies of this issue may be purchased for $19.00 in the U.S., $22.00 elsewhere. Discounts are given for bulk orders of 10 or more of any one issue. A limited number of back issues are also available for purchase. Please address all inquiries regarding subscriptions and single copy or back issue purchases to the Circulation Coordinator (see above) or visit www.gia.edu. To obtain a Japanese translation of Gems & Gemology, contact GIA Japan, Okachimachi Cy Bldg., 5-15-14 Ueno, Taitoku, Tokyo 110, Japan. Our Canadian goods and service registration number is 126142892RT. MANUSCRIPT Gems & Gemology welcomes the submission of articles on all aspects of the field. Please see the Guidelines for Authors on our SUBMISSIONS Website, or contact the Managing Editor. Letters on articles published in Gems & Gemology are also welcome. Abstracting is permitted with credit to the source. Libraries are permitted to photocopy beyond the limits of U.S. copyright law for private use of patrons. Instructors are permitted to photocopy isolated articles for noncommercial classroom use without fee. COPYRIGHT Copying of the photographs by any means other than traditional photocopying techniques (Xerox, etc.) is prohibited without the AND REPRINT express permission of the photographer (where listed) or author of the article in which the photo appears (where no photographer PERMISSIONS is listed). For other copying, reprint, or republication permission, please contact the Managing Editor. Gems & Gemology is published quarterly by the Gemological Institute of America, a nonprofit educational organization for the gem and jewelry industry, The Robert Mouawad Campus, 5345 Armada Drive, Carlsbad, CA 92008. Postmaster: Return undeliverable copies of Gems & Gemology to The Robert Mouawad Campus, 5345 Armada Drive, Carlsbad, CA 92008. Any opinions expressed in signed articles are understood to be the opinions of the authors and not of the publisher. ABOUT Locality of origin has long been a major element of colored stone valuation in some markets, but as the number of gem locali- THE COVER ties expands, determining origin requires ever-more-advanced gemological expertise. The lead article in this issue reviews the applications of laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry to gemology, among them locality determina- tion for emeralds. Shown here is a magnificent Colombian emerald and diamond necklace with matching earrings, designed by Jean Schlumberger for Tiffany & Co. in the 1950s. The three large emeralds in the necklace are 6.65–7.41 ct; the emeralds in the earrings are 3.27 and 4.03 ct. Jewelry courtesy of a private collector; photo © Harold & Erica Van Pelt. Color separations for Gems & Gemology are by Pacific PreMedia, Carlsbad, California. Printing is by Allen Press, Lawrence, Kansas. © 2006 Gemological Institute of America All rights reserved. ISSN 0016-626X his year marks GIA’s 75th anniversary, an appropriate occasion to celebrate the Institute’s many accomplishments over the decades. The more than 300,000 students who have completed its Teducational programs. The creation in 1953 of the International Diamond Grading System™, the industry standard for analyzing polished diamonds. The gemological instruments and research discoveries it has fostered. Yet GIA’s diamond anniversary is also an appropriate time to take stock of its service mission and con- sider the age-old question, “What have you done for me lately?” • Diamond cut, the most complex of the 4 Cs, has sophisticated techniques for enhancing colored stones, been the subject of extensive research at the the updated reports contain detailed information on Institute. January 1 saw the introduction of the GIA any treatments that have been applied. Diamond Cut Grading system for standard round brilliant cut diamonds in the D-to-Z color range. • GIA Education is constantly updating its core dia- To familiarize the industry with the techniques and mond, colored stones, and jewelry manufacturing terminology of the new system, free seminars have arts programs—most recently, a major revision of been conducted in cities worldwide. The entire its Gem Identification course. This October, the “GIA on Diamond Cut” series of research articles is GIA School of Business will launch a college-level available at www.gia.edu/research, and all three degree program, culminating in a Bachelor of G&G diamond cut articles can be downloaded free Business Administration (BBA) diploma, which at www.gia.edu/gemsandgemology. will further raise the academic profile of gemology and the jewelry industry. • Several other research efforts continue, such as identi- fying the latest generation of synthetic diamonds and • On the international front, the Institute now has detecting beryllium diffusion in a range of corundum campuses in nine countries, with the Dubai campus colors. These studies are aimed at protecting public scheduled to open in 2007. confidence in the industry, and the Institute’s • The Institute provides complimentary access to researchers routinely present their results in journals many informative
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