DOCSLIB.ORG

Study of the Reproductive Biology and Chemical Communication of Sea Cucumbers (Holothuria Arguinensis and H

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

NATHALIE MARQUET Study of the reproductive biology and chemical communication of sea cucumbers (Holothuria arguinensis and H. mammata) UNIVERSIDADE DO ALGARVE Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia Faro, 2017 NATHALIE MARQUET Study of the reproductive biology and chemical communication of sea cucumbers (Holothuria arguinensis and H. mammata) Doutoramento em Ciências do Mar, da Terra e do Ambiente Ramo Ciências do Mar Especialidade em Ecologia Marinha Orientadores: Prof. Adelino V.M. Canário Dr. Peter C. Hubbard Dr. Mercedes González-Wangüemert UNIVERSIDADE DO ALGARVE Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia Faro, 2017 NATHALIE MARQUET Study of the reproductive biology and chemical communication of sea cucumbers (Holothuria arguinensis and H. mammata) Doctoral program in Marine, Earth and Environmental Sciences Marine Sciences Branch Specialty in Marine Ecology Supervisors: Prof. Adelino V.M. Canário Dr. Peter C. Hubbard Dr. Mercedes González-Wangüemert UNIVERSIDADE DO ALGARVE Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia Faro, 2017 Título | Thesis title Study of the reproductive biology and chemical communication of sea cucumbers (Holothuria arguinensis and H. mammata) Declaração de autoria de trabalho: Declaro ser a autora deste trabalho que é original e inédito. Autores e trabalhos consultados estão devidamente citados no texto e constam da listagem de referências incluída. Declaration of authorship: This work has not previously been submitted for a degree in any university. To the best of my knowledge and belief, the thesis contains no material previously published or written by another person except where due reference is made in the thesis itself. Nathalie Marquet i Copyright : Nathalie Marquet A Universidade do Algarve reserva para si o direito, em conformidade com o disposto no Código do Direito de Autor e dos Direitos Conexos, de arquivar, reproduzir e publicar a obra, independentemente do meio utilizado, bem como de a divulgar através de repositórios científicos e de admitir a sua cópia e distribuição para fins meramente educacionais ou de investigação e não comerciais, conquanto seja dado o devido crédito ao autor e editor respetivos”. According to the code of authors copyright and related rights, the University of Algarve reserves the legal right, to file, reproduce and publish this work, regardless the means of disclosure, as well to divulge through scientific repositories and to allow its copy and distribution, for educational or research purposes, if due credit is given to the respective author and publisher. ii Support This study was funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) through a PhD grant (SFRH/BD/90761/2012). Apoio Este estudo foi suportado através de uma bolsa de Doutoramento concedida pela Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT): Bolsa de Doutoramento (Ref: SFRH/BD/90761/2012). iii iv Acknowledgements Many people helped me to overcome and complete the doctoral adventure during these last four years. I hope they will find in the following lines all the gratitude I have toward them for their patience, guidance, advice, mental support and friendship. First of all, I would like to thank my supervisors; Prof. Adelino Canário who offered me the opportunity to work on the reproductive biology in sea cucumbers, and who was always there, although he had a busy schedule, to help me in solving administrative and thesis related problems; Dr. Peter Hubbard for his guidance, listening, advice, and his sense of humor (British humor is not that bad after all). Thank you very much to both of them for their confidence, support, and patience, particularly during these last months, and for their revisions of my thesis that improved considerably its quality. Thank you also to Dr. Mercedes González-Wangüemert who welcomed me at the beginning of the PhD. Thank you very much for the collection of the samples of H. mammata in Spain and for the revision of some chapters of my thesis. I would like to thank Prof. Deborah Power who guided me in my histology and immunohistochemistry work. A special thank you for her listening, her constant positive attitude and, her corrections and suggestions for some chapters of my thesis. Thank you very much to Dr. Rita Costa, Dr. Ricardo Alves, Dr. Marco Campinho, Nadia Silvia and Marlene Trindade who helped and advised me when I had problems related to slides preparation, techniques and microscopes. A particular thank you to Prof. José Paulo Da Silva who helped me in the chemical analysis of the spawning water. I am very grateful for everything he taught me. Thank you very much for his patience (I realized how hard it is difficult for a chemist to speak to a biologist), his time and, his revisions of the bioassays chapter. I really appreciated to collaborate with him. Thank you very much to Dr. João Cardoso who guided me in the GPCR world; thank you for his patience, his great help and the corrections of that “crazy” chapter. Thank you to Dr. Bruno Louro who performed the assembly in the transcriptome analysis. Thank you also to Dr. Rute Martins who guided me in the RNA extraction. An enormous thank you to João Reis and Cristóvão Nunes for their help in the preparation of the tanks and experiments, and in the maintenance of the sea cucumbers in Ramalhete. Thank you very much for their advice and time. I would like to thank Prof. Ester Serrão who helped me in the beginning of the thesis, and all the nice people and friends I met in her lab: Cristina, Licinia, Carla Lourenço, Sara Valente, Neusa, Ana Balau, Nelson, Xana, Rita Jacinto, João Neiva, Buga, Tania Aires, Maria Klein. Thank you very much for their help, support and friendship. A special thank you to Dr Katy Nicastro and Dr Gerardo Zardi who helped me to find solutions to go on my sampling sites in the beginning of thesis and who were all time opened for discussion. Thank you very much for your help! Thank you very much to the nice colleagues I had in the office: Flavia, Alex, Soraia, Carmen, Lijie, Victoria. It was very nice to talk and relax with you all, especially during our lunch break. v Then, I would like to thank all the people I met in CCMAR during these four years: Barry, Ross, Adrian, Iarre, Inne, Gangadhar, Nadege, Patricia Diogo, Patricia Mateus, Zélia, Ricardo, Nour, Mona, Xushuai, Tom, Amrit, Roberto…and I am sure I forgot a lot of people…but be sure you are in my heart. A special thank you to the CCMAR administrative team: Liliane Leman, Cristina Inacio, Marco Granja, Andrea Pinto who were of a great help to solve any administrative problems. I would like to thank my “old” friends who were all the time present to listen to me and to motivate me: Virginie, Delphine, Nathalie and Belgin. It is being a long time now since we finished our study at the ULB, but we can still count on each other. Thanks for everything girls! A very particular thank you to my friend Farah. It was really a pleasure to meet you here and I am very happy we shared all these moments together. I did not get only a best friend during the PhD adventure but I got a best friend for life. Thank you very much for your support, your joke, your help, and your friendship. I would like to thank my family, and specially my parents who are always supporting me in everything I undertake, and who are being present for me all the time. Thank you for everything and specially for your encouragement during all these years, not only those from the PhD, but also those from before. And, as you said so well Papa, I would probably end up as a centenarian student ☺ Merci du fond du cœur, je ne serais jamais arrivée là où je suis aujourd’hui sans vous, vous êtes des parents en or, et je vous aime très fort. Finally, the last but not least, I would like to address my last acknowledgements to João Afonso. I am very glad I met you here and I am very thankful for everything you did for me during these last years. Thank you very much for your mental support and your positive attitude in all circumstances, your amazing help, your patience and your love. You were definitively my pillar in this PhD adventure, and for sure it would not have been the same without you. Amo-te muito. vi To myself I am only a child playing on the beach, while vast oceans of truth lie undiscovered before me. Isaac Newton vii viii Summary New sea cucumber fisheries are emerging in the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean in response to a strong Chinese market demand. However, little is known about the biology of the new target species, hindering decisions on their management. The main objective of the present thesis was to study the reproductive biology and the role played by chemical communication and chemosensory systems in Holothuria arguinensis and Holothuria mammata. The different populations sampled in a narrow range along the Iberian Peninsula varied in size/weight, gonadal production, and maturity profile within each species, suggesting the influence of singular features of each location. However, they had all the same general reproductive pattern with a summer-autumn spawning. These results, essential to manage populations, were also useful to determine when to develop bioassays to test whether and how these species communicate during reproduction. Male sea cucumbers, but not females, release chemicals that attract and induce spawning in both sexes. A preliminary analysis of the male spawning water suggests a pheromone with multiple components, among them possibly phosphatidylcholine derivatives. Histology, histochemistry and immunohistochemistry of the potential chemosensory structures involved in the detection of these cues – tentacles, papillae and tube feet – show no obvious differences between them.
Recommended publications
  • Educators' Resource Guide

    Educators' Resource Guide

    EDUCATORS' RESOURCE GUIDE Produced and published by 3D Entertainment Distribution Written by Dr. Elisabeth Mantello In collaboration with Jean-Michel Cousteau’s Ocean Futures Society TABLE OF CONTENTS TO EDUCATORS .................................................................................................p 3 III. PART 3. ACTIVITIES FOR STUDENTS INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................p 4 ACTIVITY 1. DO YOU Know ME? ................................................................. p 20 PLANKton, SOURCE OF LIFE .....................................................................p 4 ACTIVITY 2. discoVER THE ANIMALS OF "SECRET OCEAN" ......... p 21-24 ACTIVITY 3. A. SECRET OCEAN word FIND ......................................... p 25 PART 1. SCENES FROM "SECRET OCEAN" ACTIVITY 3. B. ADD color to THE octoPUS! .................................... p 25 1. CHristmas TREE WORMS .........................................................................p 5 ACTIVITY 4. A. WHERE IS MY MOUTH? ..................................................... p 26 2. GIANT BasKET Star ..................................................................................p 6 ACTIVITY 4. B. WHat DO I USE to eat? .................................................. p 26 3. SEA ANEMONE AND Clown FISH ......................................................p 6 ACTIVITY 5. A. WHO eats WHat? .............................................................. p 27 4. GIANT CLAM AND ZOOXANTHELLAE ................................................p
  • American Lobster Settlement Index |Update 2019

    American Lobster Settlement Index |Update 2019

    American Lobster Settlement Index | Update 2019 Compiled by: R. Wahle and K. Holmes Participants: ME DMR (K. Reardon, R. Russell), MA DMF (T. Pugh, K. Whitmore), C. Brown (Ready Seafood Co.), J. Drouin (Little River Lobster Co.), RI DFW (S. Olszewski, C. McManus), NH F&G (J. Carloni), DFO Canada (A. Rondeau, N. Asselin, J. Gaudette, P. Lawton, S. Armsworthy, A. Cook), UNB, St. John (R. Rochette), PEIFA (L. Ramsay, M. Giffen), PEI DAF (R. MacMillan), Fishermen & Scientists Research Society (S. Scott-Tibbets), Memorial University (A. Le Bris), http://umaine.edu/wahlelab/current-projects/american-lobster-settlement-index/ Several months now into the COVID-19 pandemic, we can only look back to the 2019 fishing year with some nostalgia. In calendar year 2019, Canadian lobster landings continued to boast near all-time highs. And while US landings have slipped a bit from their own historic highs, much of those losses have been offset by continued high value. That is, until now. All that changed almost overnight with the onset of the pandemic, as demand for lobster plummeted with shuttered restaurants and overseas commerce, dragging down the price of lobster, much to the distress of fishing communities up and down the coast. As we enter the 2020 summer fishing season, the lobster industry grapples to find a new normal as it accommodates health protocols, readjusts markets and scales back revenue expectations. In kind, state and federal marine resource monitoring programs are equally rethinking sampling programs under shrinking tax revenues and new safety standards. Last year’s Update examined how well ALSI predicted trends in the fishery from Fundy to Rhode Island.
  • Biodiversity of Echinological Fauna of Hard Substrates of the Algerian West Coast

    Biodiversity of Echinological Fauna of Hard Substrates of the Algerian West Coast

    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by GSSRR.ORG: International Journals: Publishing Research Papers in all Fields International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR) ISSN 2307-4531 (Print & Online) http://gssrr.org/index.php?journal=JournalOfBasicAndApplied Biodiversity of Echinological Fauna of Hard Substrates of the Algerian West Coast ALLAILI Hadjara, KERFOUF Ahmedb* University of Sidi Bel Abbes, Faculty of Nature Sciences and life, Department of Environmenal sciencest, Sidi Bel Abbés, 22000, Algeria.. [email protected] [email protected] Abstract Echinoderms, exclusively marine animals, present a great diversity and are an important and very ancient phylum. Whether they are predators, vegetarian or scavengers, echinoderms frequently dominate the ecosystems in which they are subservient. Benthic macrofauna and particularly echinoderms acting directly on the functioning of marine ecosystems, represents the fundamental link in the food chain and an essential source of food for many consumers. There has been very little work on the echinoderms found in the western Algerian coast. The objective of this work is to conduct an inventory on the echinological fauna in the intertidal zone, including the description of the morphological and ethoecological characteristics of the echinoderms in their ecosystem. To this end ten stations were surveyed. For each station, a random sampling was performed on hard substrates found in the coast of Oran. The identification of species and faunal analysis permitted to identify six species belonging to this phylum with a presence of 55.17% of Echinoids (Echinoids), 34.8% of sea cucumber (holothurian) and 10.34% of starfish (Asteroidean). Keywords: echinoderms; benthic macrofauna; Macro-invertebrates; marine ecosystems; Coast of Oran; West of Algeria.
  • Petition to List the Black Teatfish, Holothuria Nobilis, Under the U.S. Endangered Species Act

    Petition to List the Black Teatfish, Holothuria Nobilis, Under the U.S. Endangered Species Act

    Before the Secretary of Commerce Petition to List the Black Teatfish, Holothuria nobilis, under the U.S. Endangered Species Act Photo Credit: © Philippe Bourjon (with permission) Center for Biological Diversity 14 May 2020 Notice of Petition Wilbur Ross, Secretary of Commerce U.S. Department of Commerce 1401 Constitution Ave. NW Washington, D.C. 20230 Email: [email protected], [email protected] Dr. Neil Jacobs, Acting Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere U.S. Department of Commerce 1401 Constitution Ave. NW Washington, D.C. 20230 Email: [email protected] Petitioner: Kristin Carden, Oceans Program Scientist Sarah Uhlemann, Senior Att’y & Int’l Program Director Center for Biological Diversity Center for Biological Diversity 1212 Broadway #800 2400 NW 80th Street, #146 Oakland, CA 94612 Seattle,WA98117 Phone: (510) 844‐7100 x327 Phone: (206) 324‐2344 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] The Center for Biological Diversity (Center, Petitioner) submits to the Secretary of Commerce and the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) through the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) a petition to list the black teatfish, Holothuria nobilis, as threatened or endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA), 16 U.S.C. § 1531 et seq. Alternatively, the Service should list the black teatfish as threatened or endangered throughout a significant portion of its range. This species is found exclusively in foreign waters, thus 30‐days’ notice to affected U.S. states and/or territories was not required. The Center is a non‐profit, public interest environmental organization dedicated to the protection of native species and their habitats.
  • Gfsklyfamide-Like Neuropeptide Is Expressed in the Female Gonad of the Sea Cucumber, Holothuria Scabra

    Gfsklyfamide-Like Neuropeptide Is Expressed in the Female Gonad of the Sea Cucumber, Holothuria Scabra

    Vol. 14(1), pp. 1-5, January-June 2020 DOI: 10.5897/JCAB2017.0454 Article Number: CFBFDED62964 ISSN 1996-0867 Copyright © 2020 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article Journal of Cell and Animal Biology http://www.academicjournals.org/JCAB Full Length Research Paper GFSKLYFamide-like neuropeptide is expressed in the female gonad of the sea cucumber, Holothuria scabra Ajayi Abayomi1* and Amedu Nathaniel O.1,2 1Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kogi State University, Anyigba, PMB 1008, Anyigba, Nigeria. 2Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria. Received 14 October, 2017; Accepted 11 January, 2018 Neuropeptides are mediators of neuronal signalling, controlling a wide range of physiological processes that cut across many organisms. GFSKLYFamide is a neuropeptide that belongs to the Echinoderm SALMFamide group of peptides. This study was aimed at determining the expression of GFSKLYFamide-like neuropeptide in the female gonad of the sea cucumber Holothuria scabra. Ten female H. scabra weighing between 62 and 175 g were collected at different times between May, 2009 and April, 2010 from the Andaman Sea at Koh Jum Island in Krabi province of Thailand for the study. Using GFSKLYFamide polyclonal antibody and Alexa 488-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG as primary and secondary antibodies, respectively, indirect immunofluorescence method and confocal microscope was used to localise GFSKLYFamide-like immunoreactivity in the female gonad of H. scabra. The results show GFSKLYFamide-like immunoreactivity being expressed in the sub-epithelial fibres of the coelomic epithelium.
  • Redalyc.Proximate Composition of Marine Invertebrates from Tropical

    Redalyc.Proximate Composition of Marine Invertebrates from Tropical

    Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research E-ISSN: 0718-560X [email protected] Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso Chile Diniz, Graciela S.; Barbarino, Elisabete; Oiano-Neto, João; Pacheco, Sidney; Lourenço, Sergio O. Proximate composition of marine invertebrates from tropical coastal waters, with emphasis on the relationship between nitrogen and protein contents Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research, vol. 42, núm. 2, mayo, 2014, pp. 332-352 Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso Valparaíso, Chile Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=175031018005 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Res., 42(2): 332-352, 2014 Chemical composition of some marine invertebrates 332 1 “Proceedings of the 4to Brazilian Congress of Marine Biology” Sergio O. Lourenço (Guest Editor) DOI: 10.3856/vol42-issue2-fulltext-5 Research Article Proximate composition of marine invertebrates from tropical coastal waters, with emphasis on the relationship between nitrogen and protein contents Graciela S. Diniz1,2, Elisabete Barbarino1, João Oiano-Neto3,4, Sidney Pacheco3 & Sergio O. Lourenço1 1Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Universidade Federal Fluminense Caixa Postal 100644, CEP 24001-970, Niterói, RJ, Brazil 2Instituto Virtual Internacional de Mudanças Globais-UFRJ/IVIG, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Rua Pedro Calmon, s/nº, CEP 21945-970, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil 3Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos, Laboratório de Cromatografia Líquida Avenida das Américas, 29501, CEP 23020-470, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil 4Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 234, Caixa Postal 339, CEP 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil ABSTRACT.
  • High Level Environmental Screening Study for Offshore Wind Farm Developments – Marine Habitats and Species Project

    High Level Environmental Screening Study for Offshore Wind Farm Developments – Marine Habitats and Species Project

    High Level Environmental Screening Study for Offshore Wind Farm Developments – Marine Habitats and Species Project AEA Technology, Environment Contract: W/35/00632/00/00 For: The Department of Trade and Industry New & Renewable Energy Programme Report issued 30 August 2002 (Version with minor corrections 16 September 2002) Keith Hiscock, Harvey Tyler-Walters and Hugh Jones Reference: Hiscock, K., Tyler-Walters, H. & Jones, H. 2002. High Level Environmental Screening Study for Offshore Wind Farm Developments – Marine Habitats and Species Project. Report from the Marine Biological Association to The Department of Trade and Industry New & Renewable Energy Programme. (AEA Technology, Environment Contract: W/35/00632/00/00.) Correspondence: Dr. K. Hiscock, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB. [email protected] High level environmental screening study for offshore wind farm developments – marine habitats and species ii High level environmental screening study for offshore wind farm developments – marine habitats and species Title: High Level Environmental Screening Study for Offshore Wind Farm Developments – Marine Habitats and Species Project. Contract Report: W/35/00632/00/00. Client: Department of Trade and Industry (New & Renewable Energy Programme) Contract management: AEA Technology, Environment. Date of contract issue: 22/07/2002 Level of report issue: Final Confidentiality: Distribution at discretion of DTI before Consultation report published then no restriction. Distribution: Two copies and electronic file to DTI (Mr S. Payne, Offshore Renewables Planning). One copy to MBA library. Prepared by: Dr. K. Hiscock, Dr. H. Tyler-Walters & Hugh Jones Authorization: Project Director: Dr. Keith Hiscock Date: Signature: MBA Director: Prof. S. Hawkins Date: Signature: This report can be referred to as follows: Hiscock, K., Tyler-Walters, H.
  • Coll Survey June 2003 Summary Report

    Coll Survey June 2003 Summary Report

    Coll Survey kelp forest June 2003 3-bearded rockling Summary Report nudibranch Cuthona caerulea bloody Henry starfish and elegant anemones snake pipefish and sea cucumber diver and soft corals North-west Coast SS Nevada Sgeir Bousd Cairns of Coll Sites 22-28 were exposed, rocky offshore reefs reaching a seabed of The wreck of the SS Nevada (Site 14) lies with the upper Sites 15-17 were offshore rocky reefs, slightly less wave exposed but more Off the northern end of Coll, the clean, coarse sediments at around 30m. Eilean an Ime (Site 23) was parts against a steep rock slope at 8m, and lower part on current exposed than those further west. Rock slopes were covered with kelp Cairns (Sites 5-7) are swept by split by a narrow vertical gully from near the surface to 15m, providing a a mixed seabed at around 16m. The wreck still has some in shallow water, with dabberlocks Alaria esculenta in the sublittoral fringe at very strong currents on most spectacular swim-through. In shallow water there was dense cuvie kelp large pieces intact, providing homes for a variety of Site 17. A wide range of animals was found on rock slopes down to around states of the tide, with little slack forest, with patches of jewel and elegant anemones on vertical rock. animals and seaweeds. On the elevated parts of the 20m, including the rare seaslug Okenia aspersa, and the snake pipefish water. These were very scenic Below 15-20m rock and boulder slopes had a varied fauna of dense soft wreck, bushy bryozoans, soft corals, lightbulb seasquirts Entelurus aequorius.
  • Purification of Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase From

    Purification of Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase From

    MARINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY BULLETIN VOLUME: 9 ISSUE: 2 DECEMBER 2020 Editor-in-Chief Adem Yavuz Sönmez Kastamonu University, Turkey Co-Editor Semih Kale Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey Section Editors Soner Bilen Kastamonu University, Turkey Ertuğrul Terzi Kastamonu University, Turkey Ali Eslem Kadak Kastamonu University, Turkey Gökhan Arslan Atatürk University, Turkey Statistics Editor Aycan Mutlu Yağanoğlu Atatürk University, Turkey Foreign Language Editor Muhammet Sinan Alpsoy Kastamonu University, Turkey Editorial Board Agus Oman Sudrajat Institut Pertanian Bogor, Indonesia Anca Nicoleta Şuţan University of Piteşti, Romania Antanas Kontautas Klaipeda University, Lithuania Arya Vazirzadeh Shiraz University, Iran Barış Bayraklı Sinop University, Turkey Derya Güroy Yalova University, Turkey Fazıl Şen Yüzüncü Yıl University, Turkey Gouranga Biswas Kakdwip Research Centre of Central Institute, India Hasan Hüseyin Atar Ankara University, Turkey İlhan Altınok Karadeniz Technical University, Turkey Liliana Török Danube Delta National Institute for Research & Development, Romania Mahmut Elp Kastamonu University, Turkey Marina Alexandrovna Sazykina Southern Federal University, Russia Mehmet Gökoğlu Akdeniz University, Turkey Muhammad Naeem Khan University of the Punjab, Pakistan Sajmir Beqiraj University of Tirana, Albania Sefa Acarlı Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey Sitti Zayda B. Halun Mindanao State University, Philippines Sonya Uzunova Institute of Fishing Resources, Bulgaria Süleyman Özdemir Sinop University, Turkey
  • Promoting Nutritious Food Systems in the Pacific Islands About CTA

    Promoting Nutritious Food Systems in the Pacific Islands About CTA

    Profiling Bioactive Compounds and Key Nutrients in Pacific Island Crops and Marine Resources Promoting Nutritious Food Systems in the Pacific Islands About CTA The Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA) is a joint international institution of the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) Group of States and the European Union (EU). CTA operates under the framework of the Cotonou Agreement and is funded CMYK LOGO by the EU. For more information on CTA, visit www.cta.int Written by Sunil Singh, The University of the South Pacific (USP), School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science Technology and Environment Edited by Judith Ann Francis and Jana Dietershagen, CTA Designed by Stéphanie Leroy Disclaimer This work has been made with the financial assistance of the European Union. However, it remains under the sole responsibility of its author(s) and never reflects CTA’s or its co-publisher’s or European Union’s opinions or statements whatsoever nor as well the opinion of any country or State member. The user should make his/her own evaluation as to the appropriateness of any statements, argumentations, experimental technique or method as described in the work. Copyright notice This work is the intellectual property of CTA and its co-publishers. Its dissemination is encouraged for private study, research, teaching, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ legalcode), provided that appropriate acknowledgement is made: • of CTA’s copyright, in accordance with the license Creative Commons 4.0, and of EU financing, by including the name of the author, the title of the article and the following notice “© CTA 2018 EU financing”, • and that CTA’s or its co-publishers or EU’s endorsement of authors’ views, products or services is not implied in any way, by including the standard CTA disclaimer.
  • Holothuriidae 1165

    Holothuriidae 1165

    click for previous page Order Aspidochirotida - Holothuriidae 1165 Order Aspidochirotida - Holothuriidae HOLOTHURIIDAE iagnostic characters: Body dome-shaped in cross-section, with trivium (or sole) usually flattened Dand dorsal bivium convex and covered with papillae. Gonads forming a single tuft appended to the left dorsal mesentery. Tentacular ampullae present, long, and slender. Cuvierian organs present or absent. Dominant spicules in form of tables, buttons (simple or modified), and rods (excluding C-and S-shaped rods). Key to the genera and subgenera of Holothuriidae occurring in the area (after Clark and Rowe, 1971) 1a. Body wall very thick; podia and papillae short, more or less regularly arranged on bivium and trivium; spicules in form of rods, ovules, rosettes, but never as tables or buttons ......→ 2 1b. Body wall thin to thick; podia irregularly arranged on the bivium and scattered papillae on the trivium; spicules in various forms, with tables and/or buttons present ...(Holothuria) → 4 2a. Tentacles 20 to 30; podia ventral, irregularly arranged on the interradii or more regularly on the radii; 5 calcified anal teeth around anus; spicules in form of spinose rods and rosettes ...........................................Actinopyga 2b. Tentacles 20 to 25; podia ventral, usually irregularly arranged, rarely on the radii; no calcified anal teeth around anus, occasionally 5 groups of papillae; spicules in form of spinose and/or branched rods and rosettes ............................→ 3 3a. Podia on bivium arranged in 3 rows; spicules comprise rocket-shaped forms ....Pearsonothuria 3b. Podia on bivium not arranged in 3 rows; spicules not comprising rocket-shaped forms . Bohadschia 4a. Spicules in form of well-developed tables, rods and perforated plates, never as buttons .....→ 5 4b.
  • Predator Defense Mechanisms in Shallow Water Sea Cucumbers (Holothuroidea)

    Predator Defense Mechanisms in Shallow Water Sea Cucumbers (Holothuroidea)

    PREDATOR DEFENSE MECHANISMS IN SHALLOW WATER SEA CUCUMBERS (HOLOTHUROIDEA) JESSICA A. CASTILLO Environmental Science Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 USA Abstract. The various predator defense mechanisms possessed by shallow water sea cucumbers were surveyed in twelve different species and morphs. While many defense mechanisms such as the presence of Cuverian tubules, toxic secretions, and unpalatability have been identified in holothurians, I hypothesized that the possession of these traits as well as the degree to which they are utilized varies from species to species. The observed defense mechanisms were compared against a previously-derived phylogeny of the sea cucumbers of Moorea. Furthermore, I hypothesized that while the presence of such structures is most likely a result of the species’ placement on a phylogenetic tree, the degree to which they utilize such structures and their physical behavior are influenced by their individual ecologies. The presence of a red liquid secretion was restricted to individuals of the genus Holothuria (Linnaeus 1767) however not all members of the genus exhibited this trait. With the exception of H. leucospilota, which possessed both Cuverian tubules and a red secretion, Cuverian tubules were observed in members of the genus Bohadschia (Ostergren 1896). In accordance with the hypothesis, both the phylogenetics and individual ecology appear to influence predator defense mechanisms. However, even closely related species of similar ecology may differ considerably. Key words: holothurians; defense; toxicity; Cuverian tubules; Moorea, French Polynesia INTRODUCTION (Sakthivel et. Al, 1994). Approximately 20 species in two families and five genera, Sea cucumbers belong to the phylum including Holothuria, Bohadschia, and Thenelota, Echinodermata and the class Holothuroidea.