The Shattered Slipper Project: the Impact of the Disney Princess

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The Shattered Slipper Project: the Impact of the Disney Princess Southeastern University FireScholars Selected Honors Theses Fall 11-2016 The hS attered Slipper Project: The mpI act of the Disney Princess Franchise on Girls Ages 6-12 Caila Leigh Cordwell Southeastern University - Lakeland Follow this and additional works at: http://firescholars.seu.edu/honors Part of the Gender and Sexuality Commons, Marketing Commons, and the Race and Ethnicity Commons Recommended Citation Cordwell, Caila Leigh, "The hS attered Slipper Project: The mpI act of the Disney Princess Franchise on Girls Ages 6-12" (2016). Selected Honors Theses. 57. http://firescholars.seu.edu/honors/57 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by FireScholars. It has been accepted for inclusion in Selected Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of FireScholars. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE SHATTERED SLIPPER PROJECT: THE IMPACT OF THE DISNEY PRINCESS FRANCHISE ON GIRLS AGES 6-12 Caila Leigh Cordwell Southeastern University © Caila Leigh Cordwell, Southeastern University 2016 ABSTRACT The Disney Princess franchise is arguably the largest and most popular franchise in the world, earning billions of dollars globally each year. Due to the prevalence and ease of access, the Disney princesses have a tremendous impact on today’s youth, namely young girls. This qualitative study investigated just how much of an impact the Disney Princess franchise has on American girls ages 6-12 through the production of a documentary film, entitled The Shattered Slipper Project. The research team selected girls from private schools in Lakeland, Florida and Sharpsburg, Georgia. The researcher conducted two interviews—one a roundtable-style group interview focusing on body image and a personal interview focusing on gender roles and race. With regards to body image, the girls communicated that Disney princesses have body types different than those of real women, and that, by animating the characters in such a way, the Walt Disney Company sends certain messages about what body types are ideal. The girls expressed progressive values with regards to gender roles and race, looking beyond traditional masculine and feminine roles and the prejudices that continue to characterize America’s cultural landscape. KEYWORDS: Disney Princess, Disney, feminism, gender, gender studies, gender roles, race, body image, gendered marketing, girls ages 6-12 “Men want girls with good taste. Calm, obedient, who work fast-paced. With good breeding, and a tiny waist, you’ll bring honor to us all.” --lyrics from “Honor to Us All” (Mulan, 1998) TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction………………………………………………………………………………..1 Review of Literature………………………………………………………………………4 Gender Roles and the Disney Princess....................................................................4 Early Disney Princesses (1937-1959)..........................................................5 Modern Disney Princesses (1989-1998)......................................................8 Postmodern Disney Princesses (2009-2013).............................................13 Unofficial and Upcoming Disney Princesses (2013-2016).......................14 Race and the Disney Princess................................................................................15 Fig. 1..........................................................................................................19 Body Image and the Disney Princess.....................................................................19 Gendered Marketing and the Disney Princess.......................................................22 Methodology…………………………………………………………………………......24 Pre-Production……………………………………………………………….......24 Filming Locations..................................................................................................25 Production………………………………………………………………………..26 Analysis of Questions……………………………………………………………27 Analysis of Data and Results……………………………….............................................28 Questions on Gender Roles………………………………………………………29 What does it mean to be a princess?..........................................................29 Fig. 2……………………………………………………………..30 What does a princess do?...........................................................................30 Fig. 3……………………………………………………………..31 Occupational Scenarios: Can a princess do ______?................................31 Table 1……………….…………………………………………..32 Question on Race………………………………………………………………...33 Can ______ be a princess?.........................................................................33 Table 2…………………………………….……………………..34 Questions on Body Image………………………………………………………..36 Do Disney Princesses look like real women?............................................36 Why does Disney make princesses look the way they do?........................37 What do you think about Moana?..............................................................38 Fig. 4..............................................................................................39 What does a princess look like?.................................................................40 Fig. 5……………………………………………………………..40 Conclusion..................................................................................................................…...42 Limitations……………………………………………………………………….42 Further Study.........................................................................................................43 Works Cited.......................................................................................................................44 Appendices.........................................................................................................................50 Appendix A: Recruitment Flyer.............................................................................51 Appendix B: Parent Letter.....................................................................................52 Appendix C: Parental Consent Form.....................................................................53 Appendix D: Child Assent Form...........................................................................55 Appendix E: Interview Questions..........................................................................57 Appendix F: Personal Interview Pictures..............................................................59 Appendix G: Tables and Graphs............................................................................65 Table 1.......................................................................................................65 Table 2.......................................................................................................66 Table 3.......................................................................................................67 Cordwell 1 The Shattered Slipper Project: The Impact of the Disney Princess Franchise on Girls Ages 6-12 Introduction Snow White. Cinderella. Ariel. Rapunzel. Their names are internationally well- known. Their films are some of the most popular children’s films of all time. Their toys are the fastest-selling on the market. From Disney’s first full-length animated feature Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs in 1937 to the 2013 international blockbuster Frozen (based on Hans Christian Andersen’s tale “The Snow Queen”), the Disney Princess franchise has transformed today’s image of girlhood, beauty, and what it truly means to be a princess. Little girls all over the world play with Disney Princess merchandise, watch Disney Princess films, and dress up in Disney Princess costumes. What has made the Disney Princess franchise so popular? Although The Walt Disney Company has been around since 1923, the Disney Princess franchise did not actually exist until the early 2000s, when then-chairman of the Disney Consumer Products division Andy Mooney visited a Disney on Ice show and saw little girls decked out in what he described as “generic princess products” (Ng). He, along with his team, promptly began work on establishing a franchise specifically for Disney Princesses, which included media and an extensive merchandise line (Smith). Originally, the franchise included Snow White, Cinderella, Aurora, Ariel, Belle, Jasmine, Pocahontas, Mulan, and Tinker Bell; however, Tinker Bell was removed shortly after the conception of the franchise (Orenstein). In 2005, Disney revealed the Disney Fairies franchise, which was headed up by Tinkerbell, making her removal from the Princess franchise much more profitable (Hill). Tiana, from The Princess and the Frog, was added Cordwell 2 in 2010, becoming the first new addition to the lineup since its conception (Greenberg). Since then, princesses Rapunzel and Merida were added in 2011 and 2013, respectively (Fox News; Banks). The franchise quickly rose to become the fastest-selling girl’s toy franchise in the world, topping Mattel’s ever-popular Barbie line (Orenstein). However, not everyone is so impressed. Peggy Orenstein, in a 2006 New York Times article entitled “What’s Wrong With Cinderella?,” examines just how much of an impact princesses have on young girls. A mother herself, Orenstein expresses her frustration with the princess-obsessed society that pushes princesses, glitter, and all things pink onto young girls. Largely because of the impact of the Disney Princess franchise, little girls seem to want nothing but to be princesses. She notes that “some psychologists say that until permanency sets in, kids embrace whatever stereotypes our culture presents,” meaning that companies like Disney are almost responsible, in a way,
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