Current Data on the Indonesian Military Elite

October 1, 1995-

December 31 , 1997 The Editors

The present shorter listing shows the holders of key positions in the Armed Forces headquarters and the army central and regional commands since October 1, 1995, the terminal date of our last complete listing ( 60, February 1996), to December 31, 1997. Changes in the top military leadership were announced on February 12, 1998. These included, among others, the change of the Commander-in- Chief of the Armed Forces from Gen. Feisal Tanjung to Gen. , the Armed Forces Chief of General Staff from Lt. Gen. Tarub to Lt. Gen. Fachrul Razie, the Armed Forces Chief of Social and Political Staff from Lt. Gen. Yunus Yosfiah to Lt. Gen. , the Army Chief of Staff from Gen. Wiranto to Gen. Subagyo Hadi Siswoyo, and the Commander of Army Strategic Reserve (Kostrad) from Lt. Gen. Soegiono to Lt. Gen. . Whether or not this new leadership stays— and there are rumors about who will replace Gen. Wiranto after he is appointed the minister of defense and security—there will be large-scale personnel changes anyway in the near future, most likely in April and May. We have decided to publish this shorter listing, nonetheless, for a simple reason. As we all know, Indonesia is in deep crisis. As of February 23,1998, there is no end in sight for the current economic and social crisis. Business activities are in a state of paralysis. More than three-quarters of companies listed in the Stock Exchange are said to be technically bankrupt. Prices are rising fast. Millions of people are being laid off. Riots and strikes are taking place every day and in many places. Social unrest is mounting. And the government has largely lost its credibility and legitimacy both internationally and domestically. Though we should never 180 The Editors underestimate President Soeharto's staying power—and he is going to be elected to his seventh term three weeks from now—it is hard to believe that he will survive the crisis and make a spectacular comeback to complete this term, which runs to 2003. The end has begun, though we do not know how long this ending will take before the curtain falls. The military will have a crucial role to play in this transitional process, if it finds a way to translate its structural power into political power. The military enjoys a monopoly over state coercive power. Its intelligence apparatus is central in the state intelligence community.1 And its institutional reach goes down deep into the village level, deeper than the reach of any nonmilitary branch of the state. Yet it is unable to translate its structural power into political power and there is no sign of the military gaining its own political will independent of the President. Why is this? What is happening within the military at this crucial juncture of Indonesian history? Let us start with institutional changes that took place in this period. Four changes deserve notice. First, the office of the Head of BIA, the armed forces intelligence agency, was separated from the office of the Assistant for Intelligence to the Armed Forces Chief of General Staff effective on December 1, 1995, and now reports directly to the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces. It has thus reverted back to the old formula in which the Deputy Head of BAIS ABRI, the Armed Forces Strategic Intelligence Agency which the BIA replaced in January 1994, reported directly to the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces who concurrently served as Head of BAIS ABRI. Second, in June 1996, some senior army positions were upgraded, obviously to create more generals to satisfy hundreds of officers from Class 1970 to Class 1975 who are waiting for their turn for promotion. The Commander of the Special Forces () was upgraded from a one-star job to a two-star job, and its name changed from Commander to Commander General. His deputy should be a now. The Commander of Army Strategic Reserve (Kostrad) was upgraded from a two- star to a three-star job, while the two divisional commanders under him should be generals. Third and more substantially, the Kopassus was expanded from three groups and the anti-terrorist 81st Detachment to five groups, each headed by a colonel. Its force strength of seven thousand is to be expanded by 40 percent, though it is not clear whether this plan has been implemented. And finally, the deputy and directorate system was replaced with the general staff system in June 1997 at the navy, the air force, and the national police headquarters, so that now their staff systems are each parallel in form to their senior branch, the army headquarters. In this system, each service chief—the navy chief of staff, the air force chief of staff, and the chief of national police—is supported by a deputy chief of staff (or a deputy chief in the case of national police) and assistants for security, operations, personnel, logistics, and planning (plus an assistant for social guidance in the case of national police).

1 To see the centrality of the military intelligence, the BIA, in Indonesia's intelligence community, it should suffice to recall who head nonmilitary intelligence agencies. The State Intelligence Board (Bakin) is headed by Lt. Gen. (Retired) Moetoyib (appointed in April 1996). The Directorate General of Social and Political Affairs, Department of Interior, is run by a former deputy chief of Armed Forces Intelligence Agency (BIA), Maj. Gen. Achdari (appointed in September 1997, replacing Maj. Gen. Retired Sutoyo N.K.). And the Deputy Attorney General for Intelligence is Maj. Gen. Hadi Baroto, a former assistant for security to Army Chief of Staff. Military Data 181

Table 1. Timing of Personnel Changes

A BRIH q Army Total

1995 Oct. - _ Nov. 1 - i Dec. - 2 2 1996 Jan. - - - Feb. 2 3 5 Mar. 6 7 13

Apr. - 2 2

May - 1 1

June - - -

July - - - Aug. 1 6 7 Sept. 4 1 5 Oct. - 4 4 Nov. - - - Dec. - - - 1997 Jan. - - - Feb. - - - Mar. 1 - 1

Apr. - - -

May - - -

June - 3 3

July - 5 5 Aug. 13 19 32 Sept. 2 5 7 Oct. - - - Nov. - - -

Dec. 1 - 1

More interesting for our present discussion, however, are personnel changes. As we can see in Table 1 above, the situation has remained volatile (as in the previous years under Gen. Feisal Tanjung as the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces). There took place three waves of personnel changes in the period we cover, in February-March 1996, August-October 1996, and June-September 1997. The first involved more than 180 general rank officers, including 76 army generals, and culminated in the appointment, on March 15,1996, of new Navy and Air Force Chiefs of Staff and Chief of National Police, the elevation of Gen. Wiranto to the position of the Commander of Army Strategic Reserve (Kostrad), and the replacement of Lt. Gen. Moh. Ma'arif with Lt. Gen. Syarwan Hamid as the Armed Forces Chief of Social and Political Staff. Wiranto was promoted to Lieutenant General on the same day when Arief Kushariadi, Sutria Tubagus, and Dibyo Widodo, respectively the new Chiefs of Navy and Air Force and Chief of National Police, were promoted to three star, clearly presaging Wiranto's future rise to the position of Army Chief of Staff in the near future. The second wave of changes in part resulted from the July 27 incident. Its major casualties were Armed Forces Chief of General Staff Lt. Gen. Soeyono and Head of the 182 The Editors

Armed Forces Intelligence Agency Maj. Gen. Syamsir Siregar. Gen. Soeyono, who happened to find himself in bed on the day of the Jakartan riot because of the accident he suffered in a motorcycle race in Sulawesi, was replaced by Lt. Gen. Tarub shortly thereafter, while Maj. Gen. Syamsir Siregar was replaced with Army Chief of Staff Gen. R. Hartono's assistant for security, Maj. Gen. Farid Zainuddin in September 1996. The most important, however, was the third wave of personnel changes which took place in the wake of Gen. Wiranto's replacement of Gen. R. Hartono as Army Chief of Staff on June 6,1997, and which involved more than 300 general rank officers from the three services and the police. This completed the "regeneration" Gen. Feisal Tanjung first referred to in August 1994 to justify waves of reshuffles. This is clear in two respects. In the first place, the military leadership, both at the armed forces headquarters and at the army central and regional headquarters, is dominated by class 1970-74 officers and those class 65 and 66 officers who remain will be on the way out soon (see Table 2 below). This has been a policy, as Gen. Soeyono said in June 1996: "We have to dare go fast. Officers of Class 70 below should have been in place after the general elections [in 1997]. If not, we will be late in regeneration and they will be late in maturation [akan lambat dewasanya]."2

Table 2. The Class Distribution of Offices

AMN Armed Forces HQ Army HQ

1961 i _ 1962 - - 1963 - - 1964 - - 1965 4 - 1966 2 - 1967 - -

1968 - 3 1970 1 8 1971 1 10 1972 - 3 1973 1 1

1974 - 3

Navy 4 - Air Force 2 -

Police 1 - unknown 4 9

But the class ("lichting" in Soeyono's word) was not the only factor taken into consideration for regeneration. Soeyono also stressed the importance of age.3 As we

2 Angkatan Bersenjata, June 15,1996. 3 Suara Pembaharuan, June 16,1996. Military Data 183 can see in Table 3 below, officers born in 1939-45 are on the way out and will be replaced by officers bom in 1947-52.

Table 3. Officers' Year of Birth (In parentheses are the position held as of Dec. 31,1997, and class.)

1939 Feisal Tanjung (Commander-in-Chief, Class 61; to be replaced in Feb. 1998) 1942 Tarub (Armed Forces Chief of General Staff, Class 65; to be replaced in Mar. 1998) 1943 Muzani Syukur (Commander General, Armed Forces Military Academy, Class 65; to be replaced in Jan. 1998) 1944 Yunus Yosfiah (Armed Forces Chief of Social and Political Staff, Class 65; to be replaced in Mar. 1998) Soeparto S. (Assistant for Personnel to C-in-C, Class 66) Arie Kumaat (Commander, Armed Forces Staff and Command School, Class 66) Nurdin Yusuf (Army Inspector-General, Class 68) 1945 Agum Gumelar (Commander, Kodam VII Wirabuana, Class 68) 1946 Subabyo Hadi Siswoyo (Deputy Army Chief of Staff, Class 70) Kivlan Zein (Commander, Kostrad 2nd Infantry Division, Class 1971) 1947 Wiranto (Army Chief of Staff, Class 68) Fachrul Razi (Assistant for Operations to C-in-C, Class 70) Johny Lumintang (Commander, Kodam VIII Trikora, Class 70) Mardiyanto (Commander, Kodam IV Diponegoro, Class 70) Syahrir M.S. (Commander, Kodam IX Udayana, Class 70) Suadi Atma (Commander, Kodam II Sriwijaya, 70) 1948 Zacky Anwar Makarim (Head, Armed Forces Intelligence Agency, Class 71) Tengku Rizal Nurdin (Commander, Kodam I Bukit Barisan, Class 71) 1949 Yudomo Sastrosuhardjo (Assistant for Security to Army Chief of Staff, Class 71) Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (Assistant for Social and Political Affairs to Armed Forces Chief of Social and Poltical Staff, Class 73) Djamari Chaniago (Commander, Kodam III Siliwangi, Class 71) Djadja Suparman (Commander, Kodam V Brawijaya, Class 72) Muchdi Purwo Pranyoto (Commander, Kodam VI Tanjungpura, Class 70) Abdul Rahman Gaffar (Chief of Staff, Kodam VIII Trikora, Class 72) 1951 Prabowo (Commander General, Army Special Forces, Class 74) 1952 Syafrie Syamsuddin (Commander, , Class 74)

What is the political implication of the current formation of the military leader­ ship, then? If we look at the holders of the nine most politically sensitive positions in the military, these positions should be held by the following officers by the end of March (if Wiranto stays as Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces): (1) Wiranto, former Presidential adjutant, as Commander-in-Chief; (2) Subagyo Hari Siswoyo, former Presidential bodyguard, as Army Chief of Staff; (3) Fachrul Razi, previously Assistant for Operations, as Armed Forces Chief of General Staff (Fachrul Razi was appointed Assistant for Operations to the Armed Forces Chief of Staff Lt. Gen. Tarub in Aug. 1997, shortly after Wiranto was promoted to Army Chief of Staff); (4) Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, former Assistant for Social and Political Affairs, as Armed Forces Chief of Social and Political Staff (Soesilo was also appointed Assistant for 184 The Editors

Social and Political Affairs in Aug. 1997, shortly after Wiranto was promoted to Army Chief of Staff); (5) Prabowo Subianto, Presidential son-in-law, as Commander of the Army Strategic Reserve (Kostrad); (6) Muchdi Purwo Pranyoto, previously Com­ mander of Korem VI Tanjungpura, as Commander of the Kopassus (with Mochamad Idris Gasing, Prabowo's classmate, as his deputy); (7) Sjafrie Sjamsuddin, former Presi­ dential bodyguard and Prabowo's classmate, as Commander of Kodam Jaya in Jakarta; (8) Djamari Chaniago, previously Commander of the Kostrad 2nd Infantry Division (appointed by Gen. R. Hartono), as Commander of Kodam III Siliwangi in West ; (9) Dibyo Widodo, former Presidential adjutant, as Chief of National Police. It is clear from this roster that the military leadership will be dominated by former Presidential adjutants, bodyguards, and a son-in-law. It is also clear that Wiranto and his friends will dominate the Armed Forces Headquarters, while Prabowo and his allies, most of whom come with Kopassus (Army Special Forces) backgrounds, control Army Headquarters and strategic positions in and around Jakarta.4 With the deepening crisis since July 1997, Wiranto is sometimes seen in the international press as the possible white knight who might save Indonesia from the impending political chaos. Some speculate that a supersemar, similar to the one that took place in March 1966 when Presidential powers were transferred from Soekarno to Soeharto, could be a possible way out of the current impasse. But we should be cautious with such speculations. Wiranto, who served as Presidential adjutant for five years, should be tested as a Soeharto loyalist, but he has never been in a commanding position long enough to build his own base of power. Prabowo, on the other hand, is highly active politically and is not known to be very friendly with Wiranto and Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, around whom officers alienated by Prabowo and his allies rally. It is very hard, then, to imagine the current military leadership will reach consensus on questions of grave political significance. It has to have its political will, either by purge or by internal coup, if it can translate its structural power into political power.

4 It should also be noted that Prabowo's friends seem to control strategic mid-echelon positions in and around Jakarta. See, for instance, the roster below: Brig. Gen. Idris Gassing (Class 74), Deputy Commander General, Kopassus; Col. Tri Tamtomo (Class 74) who was Commander of the First Infantry Brigade (headquartered in Jakarta) in 1996-97 and now serves as Assistant for Operations to Chief of Staff, Kodam Jaya; Col. Bahir Alamsyah (Class 74) who was Assistant for Operations to Chief of Staff, Jakarta Capital Garrison, and now serves as Assistant for Intelligence to Chief of Staff, Kodam III Siliwangi; Col. Eddy Budianto (Class 74), Commander of Korem 061 Bogor; Col. Rasyid Qumain Aquari (Class 75), Commander of Group A, Presidential Security Squad; Col. Jul Effendi Syarief (Class 76), Assistant for Intelligence to Chief of Staff, Kodam Jaya; Col. Suryo Gino (Class 76), Commander of the Kostrad 17th Infantry Brigade (headquartered in Jakarta). Current Data on the Indonesian Military Elite 185

Office Lt. Gen. Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono to replace Lt. -Officeholder Gen. Yunus Yosfiah in March 1998. Date and Place of Birth, Ethnic Origin Class and date of graduation Inspector-General (Irjen ABRI) Divisional or Service Background -Air Vice-Marshal Isbandi Gondosuwignyo Date of Installation (day/month/year) Javanese Officeholder's previous post Air Force Academy 1963 Name of Predecessor Air Force 20 i 94 -10 iv 96 (26.5 months) Armed Forces Headquarters Commander, Air Force Operational Command Vice Admiral Sumitro Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces -Vice Admiral Soegiyono -Gen. Feisal Etno Tanjung Javanese b. June 17,1939, in Tarutung, S. Tapanuli, Navy Mandailing 10 iv 96 - 11 viii 97 (16 months) AMN 1961 Deputy for Logistics to Navy Chief of Staff Infantry (RPKAD) -Vice Admiral Soeratmin 21 v 93 - present (55 months) Javanese previously Armed Forces Chief of General Staff Navy Academy 1966 Gen. Edi Sudradjat Navy -Gen. Wiranto replaced Gen. Feisal Tanjung as 11 viii 97 - present (4.5 months) Commander-in-Chief on February 20,1998. Assistant for Operations to Armed Forces Chief of General Staff Chief of the General Staff (Kasum) -Lt. Gen. Soeyono Assistant for General Planning (Asrenum) to b. May 13,1943, in Malang, Javanese Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces AMN 1965 -Maj. Gen. Tamlicha Ali Infantry b. in Aceh, Acehnese 10 ii 95 -15 viii 96 (18 months) AMN 1965 Presidential Adjutant (1985-88) Infantry Commander, Kodam V Diponegoro 1 ix 95 - present (28 months) Lt. Gen. Herman Bernard Leopold Mantiri Assistant for Territorial Affairs to Armed Forces -Lt. Gen. Tarub Chief of General Staff b. June 10,1942, in Malang, Javanese Maj. Gen. Sofian Effendi AMN 1965 Maj. Gen. Agus Widjojo replaced Maj. Gen. Infantry (RPKAD) Tamlicha Ali in January 1998. 15 viii 96 - present (16.5 months) Commander, Kostrad Assistant for Intelligence (Asintel) to Chief of the Lt. Gen. Fachrul Razi to replace Lt. Gen. Tarub in General Staff March 1998. -Maj. Gen. Syamsir Siregar b. Oct. 13,1941, in Pematang Siantar, Sipirok Batak Chief of the Social and Political Staff (Kassospol) AMN 1965 -Lt. Gen. Moch. Ma'ruf Infantry b. Sept. 20,1942, in Tegal, Javanese c. 1 ix 94 - c. 17 xi 95 (14.5 months) AMN 1965 Commander, Kodam II Sriwijaya Infantry Maj. Gen. Arie Sudewo 10 ii 95 - 9 ii 96 (12 months) -Maj. Gen. Yusuf Kartanegara Assistant for Territorial Affairs to Armed Forces b. Nov. 11,1943, in Ciamis, Sundanese Chief of General Staff AMN 1966 Lt. Gen. R. Hartono Infantry -Lt. Gen. Syarwan Hamid c. 17 xi 95 - 14 viii 97 (21 months) b. Nov. 10,1943, in Siak, Malay Commander, Kodam IV Diponegoro AMN 1966 -Rear Admiral Yuswadji Infantry Navy 9 ii 96 - 1 ix 97 (19 months) 14 viii 97 - present (4.5 months) Assistant for Social and Political Affairs to Armed Head, Bureau for Social Relations and Foreign Forces Chief of Social and Political Staff Cooperation, Secretariat General, Department of -Lt. Gen. Yunus Yosfiah Defense and Security b. Aug. 7,1944, in Rappang, Buginese AMN 1965 Infantry (RPKAD) 1 ix 97 - present (4 months) Commander, Armed Forces Staff and Command School (continued next column) 186 The Editors

Assistant for Operations (Asops) to Armed Forces' -Police Maj. Gen. Drs. I Ketuk Astawa Chief of the General Staff Balinese -Rear Admiral Soeratmin Police Javanese 5 iii 97 - 14 viii 97 (5.5 months) Navy Academy 1966 Deputy Assistant for Security and Social Order to Navy Armed Forces Chief of General Staff 24 vii 95 - 14 viii 97 (24.5 months) -Police Maj. Gen. Drs. Marwan Haris Assistant for Planning and Budgeting to Navy Police Chief of Staff 14 viii 97 - present (4.5 months) Maj. Gen. Sofian Effendi Expert Staff to the Commander-in-Chief of the -Maj. Gen. Fachrul Razi Armed Forces (Security and Politics) b. July 26,1947, in Banda Aceh, Acehnese AMN 1970 Assistant for Personnel (Aspers) to Armed Forces Chief Infantry of General Staff 14 viii 97 - present (4.5 months) -Maj. Gen. Andi Djalal Bachtiar Governor, General and Army Division, Armed Buginese Forces Academy AMN 1965 Maj. Gen. Fachrul Razi to be promoted to Armed 15 ix 95 - 14 viii 97 (23 months) Forces Chief of General Staff in March 1998 Head of General Affairs, Secretariat, Bakorstanas and his replacement not yet announced. Maj. Gen. Mansyur -Maj. Gen. Soeparto S. Assistant for Territorial Affairs (Aster) to Armed Forces' b. Sept. 7,1944, in Kudus, Javanese Chief of the General Staff AMN 1966 -Maj. Gen. Arie Kumaat Infantry b. May 20,1944, in Menado, Menadonese 14 viii 97 - present (4.5 months) AMN 1966 Head of General Affairs, Secretariat, Bakorstanas Infantry / Intelligence 26 ix 95 - c. 1 ix 97 (23 months) Assistant for Logistics (Aslog) to Armed Forces Chief of Commander, Kodam I Bukit Barisan General Staff Maj. Gen. Tamlicha Ali -Maj. Gen. Bambang Soembodo -Maj. Gen. Deddy Sudarmadji b. Oct. 6,1943, in Bogor, Javanese Sundanese AMN 1965 Infantry Infantry (RPKAD) c. 1 ix 97 - present (4 months) 27 iv 95 - 14 viii 97 (27.5 months) Commander, Korem 064 Serang (Dec. 93 to June 95) Deputy Assistant for Logistics to Armed Forces Chief of General Staff Assistant for Communications and Electronics Rear Admiral Ir. I Nyoman Suharta (Askomlek) -Maj. Gen. Makmun Basri -Air Vice Marshal Sasmito Dirdjo Infantry Javanese 14 viii 97 - present (4.5 months) Air Force Head, Armed Forces Supply Body (Babek ABRI) c. 4 ix 93 - 8 iii 96 (18 months) Director of Education, Lemhannas (National Assistant for Social and Political Affairs (Assospol) to Defense Institute) Armed Forces' Chief of Social and Political Staff Maj. Gen. Santo Budiono -Maj. Gen. Syarwan Hamid -Air Vice Marshal Sardjono b. Nov. 10,1943, in Siak, Malay Javanese AMN 1966 Air Force Infantry 8 iii 96 - present (22 months) 23 iii 95 - 8 ii 96 (10 months) Air Force Director of Communications and Head, Armed Forces Information Center Electronics Maj. Gen. Hari Sabamo -Maj. Gen. Suwamo Adiwidjojo Assistant for Security and Social Order (Askamtibmas) b. April 21,1942, in Banyuwangi, Javanese to Armed Forces Chief of General Staff AMN 1966 -Police Maj. Gen. Drs. Edison Haloho Infantry Police 8 ii 96 - 24 ix 96 (8 months) c. 31 v 94 - 8 iii 96 (21 months) Head, Armed Forces Information Center Coordinator of Expert Staff to Chief of National -Maj. Gen. Budi Harsono Police b. in September 1946, in Yogyakarta, Javanese Police Maj. Gen. Drs. Purwanto Lenggono AMN 1967 -Police Maj. Gen. Drs. M. Arief Tawil Infantry Police 24 ix 96 - 26 viii 97 (11 months) 8 iii 96-5 iii 97 (12 months) Deputy Assistant for Social and Political Affairs to Chief of Police, S. Sumatra (Palembang) Armed Forces Chief of Social and Political Staff Current Data on the Indonesian Military Elite 187

-Maj. Gen. Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono -Maj. Gen. T. P. Sihombing b. Sept. 9,1949, in Pacitan, Javanese Toba Batak AMN 1973 Infantry/Intelligence 26 viii 97 - present (4 months) c. 29 xii 97 - present Personal Secretary to the Commander-in-Chief of Commander, Korem 174 Ambon (May 93 to June 94) the Armed Forces (Gen. Edi Sudradjat) (1992-93) Commander, Kodam II Sriwijaya Central Executive Organs -Maj. Gen. Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono to be promoted Commander-General, Armed Forces' Academy t o Armed Forces Chief of Social and Political Staff (Akabri) in March 1998 and his replacement not yet -Rear Admiral Ir. Nyoman Suharta announced. b. in Surabaya, Balinese Navy Academy 1962 Assistant for Functional Group Affairs (Asyawan) to Navy Armed Forces’ Chief of Social and Political Staff 2 v 95 -12 iii 96 (10.5 months) -Maj. Gen. Mansyur Assistant for Logistics to Armed Forces Chief of Infantry General Staff c. 15 ix 95 -19 iii 96 (6 months) Air Vice Marshal F. X. Soewamo Assistant for Personnel to Armed Forces Chief of -Maj. Gen. Purwantono General Staff b. 1942, in Malang, Javanese Maj. Gen. A. Pranowo AMN 1965 -Maj. Gen. Slamet Sugihardjo Infantry Javanese 12 iii 96-11 viii 97 (17 months) AMN 1964 Governor, General and Army Division, Armed Infantry Forces Academy 19 iii 96 - 26 viii 97 (17.5 months) -Lt. Gen. Muzani Syukur Head, Armed Forces Center of History and b. Nov. 5,1943, in Muara Baru, W. Sumatra, Tradition Minangkabau -Maj. Gen. Sugito AMN 1965 Javanese Infantry (RPKAD) 26 viii 97 - present (4 months) 11 viii 97 -12 i 98 (4.5 months) Deputy Assistant for Functional Group Affairs to Army Inspector-General Armed Forces Chief of Social and Political Staff -Lt. Gen. Tamlicha Ali replaced Lt. Gen. Muzani Syukur in Jan. 1998. Head, BIA (Armed Forces' Intelligence Body) -Maj. Gen. Syamsir Siregar Commander-General, Armed Forces' Staff and b. Oct. 13,1941, in Pematang Siantar, Sipirok Batak Command School (Sesko ABRI) AMN 1965 -Maj. Gen. Yunus Yosfiah Infantry b. Aug. 7,1944, in Rappang, S. Sulawesi, Buginese ? xi 94 -10 ix 96 (21 months) AMN 1965 Commander, Kodam II Sriwijaya Infantry (RPKAD) Maj. Gen. Arie Sudewo 29 vi 95 - 29 viii 97 (26 months) -Maj. Gen. Farid Zainuddin Commander, Kodam II Sriwijaya b .1945 Maj. Gen. Theo Syafei AMN 1967 -Lt. Gen. Arie Kuma'at Infantry / Intelligence b. May 20,1944, in Menado, Menadonese 10 ix 96 -14 viii 97 (11 months) AMN 1966 First Assistant (Security) to Army Chief of Staff Infantry -Maj. Gen. Zacky Anwar Makarim 29 viii 97 - present (4 months) b. April 14,1948, in Jakarta, Arab Assistant for Territorial Affairs to Armed Forces AMN 1971 Chief of General Staff Infantry (RPKAD) 14 viii 97 - present (4.5 months) Commander, Fleet of the Western Zone First Assistant (Security) to Army Chief of Staff -Rear Admiral Widodo Adisutjipto b. 1944, in Boyolali, Javanese Deputy Head, BIA Navy Academy 1968 -Maj. Gen. Achdari Navy Intelligence 22 iii 95 - 20 iii 96 (12 months) c. 28 ii 95 - c. 24 ix 96 (19 months) Chief of Staff, Fleet of the Western Zone Director, Directorate A (Internal Affairs), BIA Rear Admiral Arief Kushariadi Brig. Gen. Soepamo Koesyoso -Rear Admiral Achmad Sutjipto -Maj. Gen. Marine Rusdi Javanese Marine /Intelligence Navy c. 24 ix 96 - c. 29 xii 97 (15 months) 20 iii 96 - present (21.5 months) Director, Directorate B, BIA Chief of Staff, Fleet of the Eastern Zone 188 The Editors

Commander, Fleet of the Eastern Zone Air Force Chief of Staff -Rear Admiral Bambang Suryanto -Air Marshal Rilo Pambudi Javanese b. Dec. 24,1942, in Jombang, Javanese Navy Academy 1968 Air Force Academy 1965 Navy Air Force c. 16 vi 95 - 2 viii 97 (25.5 months) 6 iv 93 - 18 iii 96 (31.5 months) Director for Operations and Training, Navy Deputy for Operations to Air Force Chief of Staff Rear Admiral Gofar Soewamo Air Marshal Siboen Dipoatmodjo -Rear Admiral Edi Sujadi -Air Marshal Sutria Tubagus b. Nov. 4,1947, in Madiun, Javanese b. July 20,1944, in , Sundanese Navy Academy 1969 Air Force Academy 1967 Navy Air Force 2 viii 97 - present (5 months) 18 iii 96 - present (21.5 months) Director for Operations and Training, Navy Deputy for Personnel to Air Force Chief of Staff

Head, National Air Defense Command (Kohanudnas) Chief of National Police -Air Vice Marshal Irawan Saleh -Police. Gen. Drs. Banurusman b. July 20,1944 b. Sept. 28,1941, in Madura, Madurese Air Force Academy 1968 Police Academy 1963 and Police College 1970 Air Force Police 20 iii 95 - 14 viii 97 (29 months) 6 iv 93 - 18 iii 96 (35.5 months) Deputy Commander, National Air Defense Chief of Police, Metro Jaya Command Police Gen. Drs. Kunarto Air Vice Marshal F.X. Soejitno -Police Gen. Drs. Dibyo Widodo -Marsekal Muda Moch. Koesbeni b. May 26,1945, in Purwokerto, Javanese b. in Magetan, Javanese Police Academy 1968 and Police College 1975 Air Force Academy 1969 Police Air Force 18 iii 96 - present (21.5 months) 14 viii 97 - present (4.5 months) Presidential Adjutant (1986-92) Director for Planning and Personnel, Air Force Chief of Police, Metro Jaya

Service Heads and Army Hierarchy Commander of Marine Corps -Brig. Gen. Djoko Pramono Army Chief of Staff b. in Surabaya, Indo -Gen. R. Hartono Marines b. June 10,1941, in Pamekasan, Madurese 11 iv 94 - 1 ii 96 (21.5 months) AMN 1962 Deputy Governor, Navy Academy Cavalry Maj. Gen. Gafur Chaliq 11 ii 95 -13 vi 97 (28 months) -Brig. Gen. Suharso Armed Forces Chief of Social and Political Staff Javanese Gen. Wismoyo Arismunandar Marines -Gen. Wiranto 1 ii 96 - present (23 months) b. 7 vii 1947, in Yogyakarta, Javanese Deputy Governor, Navy Academy AMN 1968 Infantry Deputy Army Chief of Staff 13 vi 97 - present (6.5 months) -Lt. Gen. F.X. Sudjasmin Commander, Kostrad b. May 1,1942, in Salatiga, Catholic Javanese -Gen. Subagyo Hari Siswoyo replaced Gen. Wiranto on AMN 1964 February 20,1998. Infantry 27 ii 95 - 4 vi 97 (27 months) Army Inspector-General Navy Chief of Staff Lt. Gen. Soerjadi -Admiral Tanto Koeswanto -Held temporarily by Army Chief of Staff Gen. R. b. June 1,1941, Purwokerto, Javanese Hartono Navy Academy 1964 -Lt. Gen. Subagyo Hadisiswoyo 6 iv 93 -18 iii 96 (35.5 months) b. June 12,1946, in Bantul, Yogyakarta Commander, Fleet of the Eastern Zone Javanese Admiral Muhammad Arifin AMN 1970 -Admiral Arief Kushariadi Infantry (RPKAD) b. Nov. 25,1944, in Malang, Javanese 10 vi 97 - present (6.5 months) Navy Academy 1967 Commander, Kodam IV Diponegoro Navy -Lt. Gen. Soegiono to replace Gen. Subagyo 18 iii 96 - present (21.5 months) Hadisiswoyo in March 1998. Deputy for Operations to Navy Chief of Staff Current Data on the Indonesian Military Elite 189

Army Inspector General Expert Officer for Culture and Exercise to Army -Maj. Gen. Muzani Syukur Chief of Staff b. Nov. 5,1943, in Muara Baru, W. Sumatra, Maj. Gen. Imam Utomo Minangkabau -Maj. Gen. Sukardjo AMN 1965 Javanese Infantry (RPKAD) 5 viii 97 - present (5 months) 8 iii 95-5 viii 97 (29 months) Deputy Assistant for Personnel to Army Chief of Commander, Kodam III Siliwangi Staff Maj. Gen. F.X. Sudjasmin -Maj. Gen. Nurdin Yusuf Fourth Assistant (Logistics) b. Mar. 7,1944, in Banda Aceh, Acehnese -Maj. Gen. Abdul Muis Lubis AMN 1968 Mandailing Batak Infantry (RPKAD) AMN 1965 5 viii 97 - present (5 months) Cavalry Chief of Staff, Kostrad 8 iii 95-5 viii 97 (29 months) Chief of Staff, Kodam IV Diponegoro First Assistant (Security) Maj. Gen. Paul Toding -Maj. Gen. Kodjin -Maj. Gen. Wahidin Yusuf AMN 1965 5 viii 97 - present (5 months) Artillery / Intelligence Deputy Assistant for Personnel to Army Chief of 9 vii 94 -12 iv 96 (21.5 months) Staff with BIA Maj. Gen. Hadi Baroto Fifth Assistant (Research and Development) -Maj. Gen. Farid Zaenuddin -Maj. Gen. Achfas Mufti b. 1945 Minangkabau AMN 1967 AMN 1965 Infantry / Intelligence Infantry 22 v 96 - 12 ix 96 (15.5 months) 8 iii 95 - 7 x 96 (19 months) Expert Staff to Army Chief of Staff Director for Research, Development, Education and -Maj. Gen. Zacky Anwar Makarim Training, Armed Forces Staff and Command b. April 14,1948, in Jakarta, Arab School AMN 1971 Maj. Gen. Togi Mangara Hutagaol Infantry (RPKAD)/Intelligence -Maj. Gen. Tyasno Sudarto 12 ix 96 - c. 2 viii 97 (10.5 months) Javanese Director, Directorate A (Internal Affairs), BIA AMN 1970 -Maj. Gen. Yudomo Sastrosuhardjo Infantry/Intelligence b. March 1949, in Karanganyar, Javanese 7 x 96 - present (15 months) AMN 1971 Director, Directorate C, BIA Infantry (RPKAD) c. 2 viii 97 - present (5 months) Assistant for Territorial Affairs Chief of Staff, Jakarta Capital Garrison -Maj. Gen. I Ketut Wirdhana b. June 10,1942, in Denpasar, Balinese Second Assistant (Operations) AMN 1966 -Maj. Gen. Makmun Rasyid Infantry AMN 1965 c. 22 viii 95 -16 ii 96 (5.5 months) Infantry Commander, Kodam VIII Trikora 8 iii 95-5 viii 97 (29 months) Maj. Gen. Sedarjanto Chief of Staff, Kodam II Sriwijaya -Maj. Gen. Suparman S. Maj. Gen. Pieter Sitompul Javanese -Maj. Gen. Suaidi Marasabessy AMN 1967 b. in Ambon, Ambonese Infantry AMN 1971 16 ii 96 - 5 viii 97 (17.5 months) Infantry Deputy Assistant for Social and Political Affairs to 5 viii 97 - present (5 months) Armed Forces Chief of Social and Political Staff Deputy Assistant for Operations to Armed Forces -Maj. Gen. Djoko Mulono Chief of General Staff Javanese Infantry Third Assistant (Personnel) 5 viii 97 - present (5 months) -Maj. Gen. Mulchis Anwar Deputy Assistant for Territorial Affairs to Armed b. 1943, in Muara Baru, Solok, Minangkabau Forces Chief of General Staff AMN 1965 Infantry (RPKAD) 8 iii 95-5 viii 97 (29 months) (continued next column) 190 The Editors

Commander, Army Strategic Reserve (Kostrad) Commander, Kostrad Second Infantry Division -Lt. Gen. Tarub -Maj. Gen. Djamari Chaniago b. June 10,1942, in Malang, Javanese b. Apr. 8,1949, in Padang, Minangkabau AMN 1965 AMN 1971 Infantry (RPKAD) Infantry 20 ix 94 - 4 iv 96 (18 months) c. 22 viii 95 -14 viii 97 (23.5 months) Commander, Kodam VIII Trikora Chief of Staff, Kostrad 2nd Infantry Division Maj. Gen. Kuntara Brig. Gen. Soemardi -Lt. Gen. Wiranto -Maj. Gen. Kivlan Zein b. July 7,1947, Yogyakarta, Javanese b. in 1946, Minangkabau AMN 1968 AMN 1971 Infantry Infantry 4 iv 96 - 20 vi 97 (14.5 months) 14 viii 97 - present (4.5 months) Presidential Adjutant (1989-93) Chief of Staff, Kodam VII Wirabuana Commander, Kodam Jaya -Lt. Gen. Sugiyono Governor, General and Army Division, Armed Forces Javanese Academy (Akmil) AMN 1971 -Maj. Gen. Purwantono Infantry b. 1942, in Malang, Javanese 20 vi 97 - present (6.5 months) AMN 1965 Presidential Adjutant (1993-95) 5 iii 95-4 iii 96 (12 months) Commander, Presidential Security Squad Deputy Governor, General and Army Division, -Lt. Gen. Prabowo Subianto to replace Lt. Gen. Armed Forces Academy Sugiono in March 1998. Maj. Gen. Yusman Yutam -Maj. Gen. Ilyas Yusuf Chief of Staff, Kostrad b. Dec. 7,1942, in Aceh, Acehnese -Brig. Gen. Sridono AMN 1965 b. Nov. 14,1944, in Solo, Javanese Infantry (RPKAD) AMN 1966 4 iii 96 - 17 x 96 (19.5 months) Infantry / Intelligence Deputy Commander, Army Education and Training 23 vi 95 -13 iii 96 (8.5 months) Command Chief of Staff, Kodam VIII Trikora -Maj. Gen. H. Fachrul Razi Brig. Gen. R. Karyono b. July 26,1947, in Banda Aceh, Acehnese -Maj. Gen. Nurdin Yusuf AMN 1970 b. March 7,1944, in Banda Aceh, Acehnese Infantry AMN 1968 17 x 96 - 8 viii 97 (9 months) Infantry (RPKAD)/Intelligence Chief of Staff, Kodam VII Wirabuana 13 iii 96 - 30 vii 97 (16.5 months) Chief of Staff, Jakarta Capital Garrison -Maj. Gen. Djoko Subroto subsequently Army Inspector-General Javanese -Maj. Gen. Ismed Yuzairi AMN 1970 b. in Sawahlunto, Minangkabau Infantry AMN 1971 8 viii 97 - present (4.5 months) Infantry Chief of Staff, Kodam IV Diponegoro 30 vii 97 - present (5 months) Commander, Kostrad 1st Infantry Division Commander, Army Staff and Command School (Seskoad) Commander, Kostrad First Infantry Division -Maj. Gen. Arifin Tarigan -Maj. Gen. Ismed Yuzairi b. in Tana Karo, Karo Batak b. in Sawahlunto, Minangkabau AMN 1965 AMN 1971 Infantry Infantry 17 iii 95 - 15 viii 97 (29 months) 28 vi 95 - 11 viii 97 (22.5 months) Commander, Army Infantry Weapons Center Commander, Korem 173 Biak Maj. Gen. E.E. Mangindaan Brig. Gen. Johny Lumintang -Maj. Gen. Affandi -Maj. Gen. Sang Nyoman Suwisma AMN 1970 Balinese Infantry AMN 1971 15 viii 97 - present (4.5 months) Infantry (RPKAD) Deputy Commander, Army Staff and Command 11 viii 97 - present (4.5 months) School Commander, Army Cadet School (Secapa) -Maj. Gen. Suwisma to be promoted to Commander, Kodam VI Tanjungpura, and his replacement not yet announced. Current Data on the Indonesian Military Elite 191

Commander, Kopassus (Special Forces Command) Regional Military Leaders -Brig. Gen. Subagyo Hari Siswoyo b. June 12,1946, in Bantul, Yogyakarta Kodam (Military Region Command) I/Bukit Barisan Javanese () AMN1970 Commander, Kodam I/Bukit Barisan Infantry (RPKAD) -Maj. Gen. Sedarjanto 17 ix 94 - 4 xii 95 (14.5 months) b. Aug. 20,1942, in Tulung Agung, Javanese Head, Army Security and Paracommando Service AMN 1966 (Dinas Pengamanan dan Sandi AD) Infantry Brig. Gen. Agum Gumelar 19 viii 95 - 13 viii 97 (24 months) -Maj. Gen. Prabowo Subianto Assistant for Territorial Affaris to Army Chief of b. Oct. 17,1951, in Jakarta, Javanese Staff AMN 1974 Maj. Gen. Arie Kumaat Infantry (RPKAD) -Maj. Gen. Tengku Rizal Nurdin 4 xii 95 - present (25 months) b. Feb. 21,1948, in Bukit Tinggi, Serdang Malay Presidential son-in-law AMN 1971 Deputy Commander, Kopassus Infantry -Maj. Gen. Muchdi P.R. to replace Maj. Gen. Prabowo 13 viii 97 - present (4.5 months) in March 1998. Chief of Staff, Kodam I Bukit Barisan

Head, State Intelligence Board (Bakin) Chief of Staff, Kodam I/Bukit Barisan -Lt. Gen. Soedibyo -Brig. Gen. Agum Gumelar b. April 22,1937, Ngawi, Javanese b. Dec. 17,1945, in Tasikmalaya, Sundanese Aktekad 5,1960 AMN 1968 Engineers /Intelligence Infantry (RPKAD)/Intelligence 3 vi 89 - 1 iv 96 (82 months) 23 ix 94 - c. 1 iii 96 (17 months) Deputy Head, Bakin Commander, Kopassus Gen. Yoga Sugama Brig. Gen. Makmun Rasyid -Lt. Gen. Moetojib -Brig. Gen. Tengku Rizal Nurdin b. July 11,1940, in Solo, Javanese b. Feb. 21,1948, in Bukit Tinggi, Serdang Malay AMN 1962 AMN 1971 Cavalry Infantry 1 iv 96 - present (21 months) c. 1 iii 96 - c. 13 viii 97 (17.5 months) Governor, Lemhannas (National Defense Institute) Commander, Army Cadet School (Secapa) -Brig. Gen. Djibud Hindartono Deputy Head, State Intelligence Board (Bakin) Javanese -Maj. Gen. Soeharto Infantry Javanese c. 13 viii 97 - present (4.5 months) AMN 1961 Commander, Korem 023 Sibolga Artillery/Intelligence ? i 91 - present (83 months) Kodam II/Sriwijaya (South Sumatra) First Assistant (Security) to Army Chief of Staff Commander, Kodam II/Sriwijaya -Maj. Gen. R. Karyono Commander, Presidential Security Squad (Paswalpres) b. March 25,1942, in Lamongan, Javanese -Maj. Gen. Sugiyono AMN 1965 Javanese Infantry AMN 1971 26 vi 95 - 23 viii 96 (14 months) Infantry Chief of Staff, Kostrad 14 vii 95-4 vii 97 (23.5 months) Maj. Gen. Yunus Yosfiah Presidential Adjutant -Maj. Gen. Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono Brig. Gen. Siradjuddin Paiyoi b. Sept. 9,1949, in Pacitan, Javanese -Brig. Gen. Endriartono Soetarto AMN 1973 Javanese Infantry Infantry 23 viii 96-7 viii 97 (11 months) 4 vii 97 - present (6 months) Personal Secretary to the Commander-in-Chief of Deputy Assistant for General Planning to the the Armed Forces (Gen. Edi Sudradjat) (1992-93) Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces and Chief of Staff, Kodam Jaya Deputy Assistant for Operations to Army Chief -Maj. Gen. Suadi Atma of Staff b. 1947 in South Kalimantan AMN 1970 (?) Infantry 7 viii 97 - present (5 months) Chief of Staff, Kodam VIII Trikora 192 The Editors

Chief of Staff, Kodam II/Sriwijaya 10 iii 95-7 xii 95 (9 months) -Brig. Gen. Adi Panusunan Siregar Chief of Staff, Jakarta Capital Garrison b. April 9,1943, in Aceh, Sipirok Batak Maj. Gen. Soeyono AMN 1966 -Maj. Gen. Subagyo Hari Siswoyo Infantry b. June 12,1946, in Bantul, Yogyakarta, Javanese 10 iii 95 -17 v 96 (14 months) AMN 1970 Head, Department of Territorial Affairs, Army Staff Infantry (RPKAD) and Command School 7 xii 95 -18 vi 97 (18.5 months) Brig. Gen. Makmun Rasyid Commander, Kopassus -Brig. Gen. Agus Wijaya S. -Maj. Gen. Mardiyanto AMN 1970 b. Nov. 21,1947, in Surakarta, Javanese Infantry AMN 1970 17 v 96 - c. 12 viii 96 (3 months) Infantry Deputy Assistant for General Planning to the 18 vi 97 - present (6.5 months) Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces Deputy Governor, General and Army Division, -Brig. Gen. Djadja Suparman Armed Forces Academy b. Dec. 11,1949, in Sukabumi, Sundanese AMN 1972 Chief of Staff, Kodam IV/Diponegoro Infantry -Brig. Gen. Djoko Subroto c. 12 viii 96-6 viii 97 (12 months) Javanese Commander, Military Academy Cadets' Regiment AMN 1970 -Brig. Gen. Ryamizard Ryacudu Infantry AMN 1974 6 iii 95 - c. 12 ix 97 (30.5 months) Infantry Commander, Korem Oil Lhoseumaweh 6 viii 97 - present (5 months) Brig. Gen. Abdul Muis Lubis Vice President Try Sutrisno's son-in-law -Brig. Gen. Bibit Waluyo Chief of Staff, Kostrad 2nd Infantry Division Javanese Infantry Kodam III/Siliwangi (West Java) c. 12 ix 97 - present (3.5 months) Commander, Kodam III/Siliwangi Commander, Korem 043 Lampung -Maj. Gen. Tayo Tarmadi b. March 7,1943, in Karawang, Sundanese Kodam V/Brawijaya (East Java) AMN 1966 Commander, Kodam V/Brawijaya Infantry -Maj. Gen. Imam Oetomo 16 iii 95-5 viii 97 (28.5 months) b. 1942, in Jombang, Javanese Chief of Staff, Kodam VII Wirabuana AMN 1965 Maj. Gen. Muzani Syukur Infantry -Maj. Gen. Djamari Chaniago 11 iii 95 - 23 vii 97 (28.5 months) b. April 8,1949, in Padang, Minangkabau Assistant for Personnel to Army Chief of Staff AMN 1971 Maj. Gen. Haris Sudamo Infantry -Maj. Gen. Djaja Suparman 5 viii 97 - present (5 months) b. Dec. 11,1949, in Sukabumi, Sundanese Commander, Kostrad 2nd Infantry Division AMN 1972 Infantry Chief of Staff, Kodam III/Siliwangi 23 vii 97 - present (5 months) -Brig. Gen. Sumardi Chief of Staff, Kodam II Sriwijaya Javanese AMN 1970 Chief of Staff, Kodam V/Brawijaya Infantry -Brig. Gen. Slamet S.T. c. 22 viii 95 - c. 6 viii 97 (23.5 months) b. March 5,1944, in Klaten, Javanese Commander, Kostrad 2nd Infantry Division AMN 1966 Brig. Gen. Rahmat H.S. Mokoginta Javanese -Brig. Gen. Purwadi 7 iii 95 -15 iii 96 (12 months) Javanese Director of Education, Army Education and Cavalry Training Command c. 6 viii 97 - present (5 months) Brig. Gen. Farid Zainudin Chief Military Observer, UN Peace Keeping Forces, -Brig. Gen. Muchdi Purwo Pranyoto Bosnia b. April 15,1949, in Sleman, Javanese AMN 1970 Kodam IV/Diponegoro () Infantry (RPKAD) Commander, Kodam IV/Diponegoro 15 iii 96 - c. 11 viii 97 (17 months) -Maj. Gen. Yusuf Kartanegara Commander, Korem 042 Jambi b. Nov. 11,1943, in Ciamis, Sundanese AMN 1966 (continued next column) Current Data on the Indonesian Military Elite 193

-Brig. Gen. Syamsul Maarif Chief of Staff, Kodam Vll/Wirabuana Minangkabau -Brig. Gen. Gunawan Koswara AMN1973 Sundanese Infantry Infantry c. 11 viii 97 - present (4.5 months) 11 iii 95 - 20 iii 96 (12 months) Personal Secretary to the Commander-in-Chief of Commander, Korem 091 Balikpapan the Armed Forces (Gen. Feisal Tanjung) Brig. Gen. Tayo Tarmadi Commander, Korem 084 Surabaya -Brig. Gen. Fachrul Razi b. July 26,1947, in Banda Aceh, Acehnese Kodam VI/Tanjungpura (Kalimantan) AMN 1970 Commander, Kodam VI/Tanjungpura Infantry -Maj. Gen. Namoeri Anoem S. 20 iii 96 - 11 x 96 (7 months) b. Dec. 8,1942, in Lampung, Sundanese? Deputy Assistant for Operations to Armed Forces AMN 1965 Chief of General Staff Infantry -Brig. Gen. Kivlan Zein 14 iii 95 - 11 viii 97 (29 months) b. 1946, Minangkabau Chief of Staff, Kodam VI Tanjungpura AMN 1971 Maj. Gen. Yacob Dasto Infantry -Maj. Gen. Drs. H. Muchdi Purwo Pranyoto 11 ix 96 - 8 viii 97 (10.5 months) b. Apr. 15,1949, in Sleman, Javanese Military Observer, Mindanao AMN 1970 -Brig. Gen. Drs. Ampi Nur Kamal Tanujiwa Infantry (RPKAD) Sundanese 11 viii 97 - present (4.5 months) Infantry Chief of Staff, Kodam V Brawijaya 8 viii 97 - present (5 months) -Maj. Gen. Suwisma to replace Maj. Gen. Muchdi P.R. Commander, Korem 064 Serang in March 1998. Kodam VIII/Trikora (Irian Barat and Maluku) Chief of Staff, Kodam VI/Tanjungpura Commander, Kodam VIII/Trikora -Brig. Gen. Abu Husein -Maj. Gen. Dunidja D. AMN 1970 b. 1945, in Cirebon, Cirebonese 7 iii 95 - 24 x 96 (20 months) AMN 1967 Instructor, Army Staff and Command School Infantry Brig. Gen. Namoeri Anoem S. 12 ix 95 - 20 viii 96 (11 months) -Brig. Gen. Sutardjo Deputy Commander, Army Territorial Center b. 1942 (?), Javanese Maj. Gen. I Ketut Wirdhana AMN 1970 -Maj. Gen. Johny Lumintang Infantry b. July 28,1947, in Menado, Menadonese 24 x 96 - c. 1 ix 97 (10 months) AMN 1970 Commander, Korem 091 Balikpapan Infantry -Brig. Gen. Zainuri Hasyim 20 viii 96 - present (16.5 months) b. in Malang, Javanese Chief of Staff, Kodam VIII AMN 1971 Infantry Chief of Staff, Kodam VIII/Trikora c. 1 ix 97 - present (4 months) -Brig. Gen. Amir Sjarifuddin Commander, Korem 121 Pontianak b. 1945, Buginese AMN 1968 Kodam VH/Wirabuana (Sulawesi) Infantry Commander, Kodam Vll/Wirabuana 12 vii 95 - 22 ii 96 (7.5 months) -Maj. Gen. Sulatin Commander, Korem 174 Ambon b. Aug. 6,1942, in Balikpapan Brig. Gen. Sridono AMN 1965 -Brig. Gen. Johny Lumintang Cavalry b. June 28,1947 in Manado, Menadonese 13 iii 95 -19 viii 96 (17 months) AMN 1970 Chief of Staff, Kodam IX Udayana Infantry Maj. Gen. Tamlicha Ali 22 ii 96 - c. 20 viii 96 (6 months) -Maj. Gen. Agum Gumelar Commander, Kostrad 1st Infantry Division b. Dec. 17,1945, in Tasikmalaya, Sundanese -Brig. Gen. Suadi Atma AMN 1968 b. 1947, in South Kalimantan Infantry (RPKAD) AMN 1970(?) 19 viii 96 - present (16.5 months) Infantry Expert Staff to the Commander-in-Chief of the c. 20 viii 96 - 11 ix 97 (13 months) Armed Forces (Politics and Security) Commander, Korem 121 Pontianak 194 The Editors

-Brig. Gen. Abdul Rachman Gaffar Chief of Staff, Kodam Jaya b. March 20,1949, in Pamekasan, Madurese -Brig. Gen. Soetiyoso AMN 1972 b. Dec. 6,1946, in Semarang, Javanese Infantry AMN 9,1968 11 ix 97 - present (3.5 months) Infantry (RPKAD) Commander, Korem 072 Yogyakarta 12 xii 94 - c. 27 iii 96 (15.5 months) Commander, Korem 061 Bogor Kodam IX/Udayana (Nusatenggara) Brig. Gen. Wiranto Commander, Kodam IX/Udayana -Brig. Gen. Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono -Maj. Gen. H. Abdul Rivai b. Sept. 9,1949, in Pacitan, Javanese b. Aug. 5,1943, in Soppeng, Buginese AMN 1973 AMN 1966 Infantry Infantry (RPKAD) 19 iii 96 - 13 viii 96 (5 months) 11 ix 95 - 24 vii 97 (22.5 months) Personal Secretary to the Commander-in-Chief of Commander, Army Infantry Weapons Center the Armed Forces (Gen. Edi Sudradjat) (1992-93) Maj. Gen. Adang Rochiatna Purwadirdja Deputy Assistant for Operations to Armed Forces -Maj. Gen. Syahrir M.S. Chief of General Staff b. July 20,1947, in Baturaja, Minangkabau -Brig. Gen. Sjafrie Sjamsuddin AMN 1971 b. Oct. 30,1952, in Makasar, Makasarese Infantry (RPKAD) AMN 1974 24 vii 97 - present (5 months) Infantry (RPKAD) Chief of Staff, Kodam IX Udayana 13 viii 96 - 17 ix 97 (13 months) Chief of Staff, Jakarta Capital Garrison Chief of Staff, Kodam IX/Udayana -Brig. Gen. Sudi Silalahi -Brig. Gen. Agus Salim Lubis Toba Batak Mandailing Batak AMN 1972 Infantry 17 ix 97 - present (3.5 months) 6 iii 95 - 29 ii 96 (12 months) Deputy Assistant for Social and Political Affairs to Chief of Staff, Kostrad 2nd Infantry Division Armed Forces Chief of the Social and Political Brig. Gen. Sulatin Staff -Brig. Gen. Syahrir M.S. b. July 20,1947, in Baturaja, Minangkabau AMN 1971 Infantry (RPKAD) 1 ii 96 - c. 24 vii 97 (18 months) Commander, Korem 061 Bogor (Dec. 94 to May, 95) -Brig. Gen. Willem T. Dacosta Flores Infantry c. 24 vii 97 - present (5 months) Director of Guidance, Army Staff and Command School

Kodam Jaya (Greater Jakarta) Commander, Kodam Jaya -Maj. Gen. Wiranto b. 7 vii 1947, in Yogyakarta, Javanese AMN 1968 Infantry 14 xii 94 - 30 iii 96 (15.5 months) Chief of Staff, Kodam Jaya Maj. Gen. A.M. Hendro Priyono -Maj. Gen. Soetiyoso b. Dec. 6,1946, in Semarang, Javanese AMN 1968 Infantry (RPKAD) 30 iii 96 - 24 ix 97 (18 months) Chief of Staff, Kodam Jaya -Maj. Gen. Sjahrie Sjamsoeddin b. Oct. 30,1952, in Makasar, Makasarese AMN 1974 Infantry (RPKAD) 24 ix 97 - present (3 months) Chief of Staff, Kodam Jaya