291st OMICS International Conference International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Scientific Tracks & Abstracts (Day 1)
Aquaculture-2015
Page 27 Track 1, 3, 4, 9, 10 & 14 Day 1 July 20, 2015 Track 1: Aquatic Ecosystem and Aqua Farming Methods Track 3: Comparative Biology of Aquatic Species Track 4: Aquaculture and Biosystem Research Track 9: Aquatic Immunology Track 10: Aquatic Physiology Track 14: Aquatic Toxicology Session Chair Session Co-chair W Lindsey White Werner Kloas Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Germany Session Introduction Title: World seaweed utilization: A summary W Lindsey White, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand Title: A new concept for aquaponic systems to improve sustainability, increase productivity, and reduce environmental impacts Werner Kloas, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Germany Title: Tasmanian salmonid aquaculture: Historical perspectives and future drivers of research in physiology and nutrition Chris G Carter, University of Tasmania, Australia Title: Sensorial and skeletal ontogenesis: A useful tool for the optimization of larval rearing of new candidate species for aquaculture Clara Boglione, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy Title: Orange gills in Litopenaeus stylirostris : A new phenomenon in caledonian shrimp ponds Nelly Wabete, IFREMER, New Caledonia Title: Ornamental aquatic plants industry in Sri Lanka with special reference to constraints for booming Shyamalie D Senadheera, Ocean University of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka Title: Life cycle of a benthic harpacticoid, Amphiascoides neglectus Lang, 1965 in laboratory condition and effect of some environmental factors on the population growth Zaleha Kassim, International Islamic University, Malaysia Title: Polyculture of freshwater Clambatissa violacea and genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) Oreochromis niloticus Eunice A Layugan, Cagayan State University, Philippines Title: Rotational culture of the sea cucumber Holothuria scabra with the shrimp Liptopenaeus stylirostris: Trade- off between growth performance and bioremediation, comparison with shrimp monoculture Sébastien Hochard, IFREMER, New Caledonia Title: Prospects of aquaculture development along the persian gulf coast of United Arab Emirates: Transfer of australian aquaculture technologies to middle east Muhammad Naeem Khan, University of the Punjab, Pakistan Title: The quantitative trace level analysis of heavy metals through inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrophotometer in fish samples collected from fresh water aquaculture Kashifa Naghma Waheed, Fisheries Research & Training Institute, Pakistan Title: Reproductive analysis of Indus mahseer Tor macrolepis (Heckel, 1838) (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) Khalid Pervaiz, Fisheries Research & Training Institute, Pakistan Title: A new record of Squat lobster munida curvipes benedict, 1902 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Galatheidae), off Thoothukudi coast of Gulf of Mannar, India Vaitheeswaran Thiruvengadam, Rarbio Energies Private Limited, India
Aquaculture-2015 Page 28 W Lindsey White et al., J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.002
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
World seaweed utilization: A summary W Lindsey White and Wilson P Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
n 1999 (WLW) published a summary of world seaweed utilisation. At the time, reliable data on seaweed harvesting and farming Iwas difficult to come by and so the data was extracted from the book “Seaweeds of the World” edited by Alan Critchley and Masao Ohno. This resource was updated in 2006 and produced as a CD-ROM entitled World Seaweed Resources. To provide an update on Zemke-White and Ohno (1999), they obtained the reported seaweed production weights from the FAO (2014) dataset. Worldwide, some 264 species of seaweeds are used by humans mainly for food and hydrocolloid production (example alginates, agar and carrageenan) but also for medicines, paper, fertiliser and animal feed. In 2012 close to 21 million tonnes wet weight of seaweeds were used with just over 20 million tonnes of that cultured as opposed to wild harvest. Production is dominated by Indonesia, China and the Philippines. Indonesia produces 5.7 million t of Euchuema. China produces large amounts of: Laminaria (4.8 million t), Gracilaria (1.9 million t), Undaria (1.7 million t) and Porphyra (1.1 million t). In the Philippines, Euchuema dominates with 1.7 million tonnes produced. These 5 seaweeds made up 96.7% of the total seaweed harvest in 2012.
Biography W Lindsey White completed his PhD at the University of Auckland in 2001. He was awarded a three-year Post-Doctoral Fellowship from the New Zealand Foundation for Research, Science and Technology and in 2004 took up a position as Senior Lecturer in the School of Applied Science at Auckland University of Technology (AUT). He is currently Head of the School of Inter professional Health Studies at AUT. His research interests are in aquaculture and fisheries. The utilization of seaweeds both by humans and by marine herbivores has been a large focus of his work. In terms of human seaweed utilization, he is interested in seaweed farming; both understanding and limiting the environmental impacts of seaweed farming. To examine plant-herbivore interactions he has employed a nutritional ecology perspective, entailing a synthesis of information about both the algae (example abundance, nutritional composition) and the herbivore (example diet choice, digestive physiology). He is also interested the uses of other marine organisms and recently has been focusing on NZ surf clams. In this regard he has brought together an interdisciplinary team of scientists to carry out research to support the growth of the fisheries of these animals including food science, bio actives research and biology and ecology.
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 29 Werner Kloas, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.002
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
A new concept for aquaponic systems to improve sustainability, increase productivity, and reduce environmental impacts Werner Kloas Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Germany
quaculture is globally the fastest growing sector of agriculture that needs to be sustainable and to meet also bio economical Ademands concerning productivity and environmental impacts. In principle, aquaponics, the combination of aquaculture and horticulture within a single aquaponic recirculation system provides a sustainable approach but the productivity of both fish and vegetables is lower compared to separate production sites. The aim of our new concept for aquaponic systems is to improve sustainability and productivity and to reduce environmental impacts in comparison with conventional aquaculture. ASTAF-PRO (aquaponic system for the (nearly) emission-free tomato and fish production in greenhouses) is a new combination of systemic parts and constitutes of two independent recirculating units, a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) for rearing fish and a recirculating hydroponic unit producing vegetables. Both systems are connected by a one-way-valve to launch nutrient containing fish water into the hydroponic reservoir for optimization as fertilizer. Additionally the air-conditioning of the greenhouse is regaining evaporated water by condensation. The first experimental trial of the ASTAF-PRO prototype demonstrates successfully the proof of principle using a combination of tilapia and tomato production. The tilapia production revealed an optimum productivity and feed conversion ratio as in single RAS while the tomato production at least demonstrates the potential for similar efficiency as by conventional hydroponics. Thus ASTAF-PRO as a new concept reveals an improvement of sustainability, productivity and resource efficiency with reduction of environmental impacts and might promote future application of aquaponics for food security.
Biography Werner Kloas has completed his PhD in 1990 and after a Postdoctoral stay in France his habilitation in 1995 at the University of Karlsruhe, Germany. He is since 1999 Head of the Department of Ecophysiology and Aquaculture at the Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) and he is also since 2002 distinguished Professor of Endocrinology at the Humboldt University, Berlin.
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 30 Chris G Carter, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.002
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Tasmanian salmonid aquaculture: Historical perspectives and future drivers of research in physiology and nutrition Chris G Carter Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, Australia
asmania is an island to the south of the Australian continent and is Australia’s smallest state by geography and population size. THowever, it is the country’s largest seafood producer by value which is mainly attributable to farmed Atlantic salmon (21% value of Australian seafood). Several salmonid species are found in Tasmania, none are endemic and all have been introduced sometime since European settlement. The State presents a unique location for aquaculture research on salmonid species due to a range of environmental, commercial and historical factors. The aim of the presentation is to present a brief historical perspective on the history of salmonids in Tasmania with a focus on research in physiology and nutrition. Tasmania is a climate change hot-spot so that changes to the marine environment often occur here before they do in other regions of the world. Historically, high water temperatures have been advantageous in promoting high growth of farmed Atlantic salmon. Generally salmon perform optimally over a wide temperature range and maintain high levels of growth performance outside the optimum temperature range. As higher temperatures are experienced more often the industry is developing responses to potential impacts of climate change. Strategies include selective breeding for robustness, developing management practices and formulating feeds for the conditions. Salmon are considered hypoxia sensitive, unexpectedly some Tasmanian salmon down regulate their metabolic rate in response to low dissolved oxygen. Sub-optimum high temperature and low dissolved oxygen increase protein and energy requirements. Feed formulation and feeding regimes can be managed accordingly. Alternative protein and oil ingredients are being investigated and provide interesting insights into the interactions between temperature, other environment factors and nutrition. There is also consideration of locally sourced ingredients. Multiple strategies based on a better understanding of physiology and nutrition is in place to support sustainable salmon farming Tasmania.
Biography Chris G Carter joined IMAS as Professor of Aquaculture Nutrition in 2009 after being Professor of Aquaculture at UTAS in Launceston since 2004. He was also the Aquaculture Program Leader for the Tasmanian Aquaculture and Fisheries Institute for 10 years. He is also an international expert on feeding and nutrition physiology of aquatic ectotherms and his interests range from understanding growth to finding alternative proteins and oils for aquafeeds. He has supervised over 50 research and honours students and strongly believes research training is one of the most important roles of a University. He has been the Education Program Leader for two CRCs, served on the Graduate Board of Studies and is a recipient of the “Dean of Graduate Studies Research Award for a Significant Contribution to Graduate Research Supervision and Education”. He is also acts as External Examiner for aquaculture courses at the University Putra Malaysia and University of Mauritius and is a member of the Editorial Board of Aquaculture Nutrition.
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 31 Clara Boglione, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.002
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Sensorial and skeletal ontogenesis: A useful tool for the optimization of larval rearing of new candidate species for aquaculture Clara Boglione University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
he first attempts of rearing the new finfish species for aquaculture is often based on a trial and error approach that too often Tis money and time consuming, for the high mortalities and the low quality of the produced fish, due to unsuitable conditions during larval differentiation and growth (i.e., unsuccessful initial feeding, cannibalism, deformities). However, knowledge on fish larvae behavior, trophic ecology and needs is almost impossible to be achieved into the wild, especially for marine pelagic fish, and the larval behavior showed in ‘forced’ environment, like the tanks, may be altered. The study of ontogenesis of sense organs (involved in perception and selection of food items) and skeleton (influencing swimming capabilities) is a precious tool to acquire information on the larval ecology, thus allowing the individuation of specific needs to be satisfied for the larva survival. Fins and vertebrae skeletogenesis marks the acquisition of peculiar, species-specific swimming behavior that must be considered in evaluating what are the best rearing tanks/conditions, whilst the ontogenesis of sense organs involved in trophic behavior may indirectly furnish some evaluable elements on trophic ecology. Ontogenetic data on Thunnus thynnus, Seriola dumerili and some Sparids are presented in order to furnish some indication for optimizing the larval rearing conditions.
Biography Clara Boglione is at present Adjunct Professor in Applied Ecology at the Experimental Ecology and Aquaculture Laboratory of the University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy. Her research activity mainly deals with basic knowledge on fish larvae ontogenesis through the study of embryonic and larval development, morphological evaluation of finfish juveniles from aquaculture, the effects of environmental stress on fish larval ontogenesis, growth model and morphological variability in wild and reared finfish juveniles, normal and anomalous developmental processes in fish.
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 32 Nelly Wabete et al., J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.002
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Orange gills in Litopenaeus stylirostris : A new phenomenon in Caledonian shrimp ponds Nelly Wabete1, Hugues Lemonnier1, Kiam Barri2, Dominique Pham1,Viviane Boulo1, Florence Royer1, Morgane Hubert1, Thierry Laugier1, Jean-Hervé Lignot4, Thomas Pierrot2, Bernard Blockmans3 and Nathalie Tostin3 1IFREMER, New Caledonia 2ADECAL, New Caledonia 3Groupement des Fermes Aquacoles, New Caledonia 4Adaptations Ecophysiologiques et Ontogenèse ECOSYM, France
hrimp farming is an important economical sector in New Caledonia based on a non indigenous domesticated species, the Pacific SBlue Shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris. Animals with orange gills have been observed recently in grow-out ponds and up to 70% of the shrimp in one pond could be affected. This coloration impacts the quality product in the processing plant, leading to less- value shrimp for farmers. The phenomenon occurred when the average weight of shrimp is around 18g and after 80 days of rearing, concomitantly with a high feeding rate and an important phytoplanctonic biomass. Temporal fluctuations in gills coloration were also noticed. Individual observations allowed to conclude that gills coloration intensity varies according to the intermoult stages, from white in postmolt stage to a deep orange in premolt stage and disappeared after the molting . Orange gills percentage was greatly reduced in shrimp population by isolating them from the soil with floating cages in earthen impacted ponds. Histological, biochemical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies have shown that heterogeneous iron layers were settled on the tissue surface and the iron concentration was tenfold higher in the orange gills than in white ones. Some bacterial colonisations have also been observed and are assumed to be involved in the iron precipitation processes which lead to these orange colorations. Very high concentrations in dissolved iron (till 70μM) were measured in the sediment pore water suggesting an environmental triggering of the phenomenon. All these results raise questions about the impact of orange gills on shrimp health, and in which conditions this phenomenon is promoted.
Biography Nelly Wabete is currently working in research Framework Department at Lagoons, Ecosystems and Sustainable Aquaculture in New Caledonia (LEAD NC), Ifremer. Mainly focused to study eco-physiological metabolism respiratory and nutrition in penaeid shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris and application to shrimp farming in New Caledonia.
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 33 Shyamalie D Senadheera et al., J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.002
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Ornamental aquatic plants industry in Sri Lanka with special reference to constraints for booming Shyamalie D Senadheera and Chathuri Jayarathne Ocean University of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka
n investigation was carried out to explore the current status of the ornamental aquatic plant industry with special reference to Aidentifying the prevailing constraints for its booming and to make recommendations. During the study, numerous propagation techniques and ornamental aquatic plants were observed and identified both at private sector nurseries and the government operated aquatic plant breeding center located in North Western Province. Export data were obtained from export development board and Sri Lanka customs while the legislations pertaining to export trade were obtained from the departments of Wildlife and Forestry. The study revealed that Sri Lanka still experiences a shortage of stocks for export purposes despite having an increasing demand in the world trade. Further, international demand for aquatic plants has shown a steady increase during past several years. Despite, Europe being the strongest market for aquatic plants, currently a growth in demand has been experienced in the US market with the increasing number of species, varieties and quality. According to trade statistics, 53,830 kg of aquatic ornamental plants valued at 428663 US$ were exported to twenty countries during the period from January 2013 to August 2014. Being the major attractive species, Cryptocoryne, Anubias, Echinodorous, Aponogeton, Hygrophyla, Bacopa, Myriophyllum, Lagenandra play a vital role among exports. During the study, numerous constraints were found to exist. In addressing prevailing constraints, it is recommended to launch subsidiary schemes by the government for the private sector growers/exporters while providing them with required technical know-how to boon this industry of economic importance.
Biography Shyamalie D Senadheera has completed her BSc (Hons) and Masters Degree in Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka in 1996 and 2002 respectively. She has completed her PhD in Aquaculture Nutrition from Deakin University, Australia in 2012 being an Australian Leadership Awardee from AusAID. She is currently serving as a Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Ocean University of Sri Lanka. She has also served as the Academic Head of the Faculty. She has published 10 international journal papers in reputed journals and another 08 papers in peer reviewed local journals in addition to over 20 conference abstracts.
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 34 Zaleha Kassim et al., J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.002
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Life cycle of a benthic harpacticoid, Amphiascoides neglectus Lang, 1965 in laboratory condition and effect of some environmental factors on the population growth Zaleha Kassim1, Nur Hidayah Asnagri1 and Safiah Jasmani2 1International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia 2Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia
opepods are recently reported as a potential live feed to be used to replace our dependency on Artemia and rotifers in larviculture Cactivity. Nonetheless, the number of the identified copepod species which potentially been use for mass production is still very limited. This study was carried out to determine the development time and sizes of the different stage of a marine harpacticoid copepod, Amphiascoides neglectus cultured in laboratory condition. Their population growth when cultured in the different temperature, pH and salinity were also monitored. The culture was started with 50 adults in the sex ratio of 1:1 and the gravid females were observed until the end of egg-hatching period. Total development time between NI and CI stage is 63.67±1.15 hours (2.66±0.05 days) while between CI and adult stage is 89.97±3.06 hours (3.74±0.13days). The size of naupliar stages varies from 53.86 µm to 112.12 µm (width) and 97.52 µm to 178.24 µm (length) and copepodite stages from 226.25 µm to 492.12 µm. The size of adult for male and female is 579.58 µm and 593.98 µm respectively. The highest population density is found in the combination of 28°C, pH 9 and 25 ppt culture condition (45.34±5.54 individual/ml). Naupliar production is highest in the treatment of 25°C, pH 9 and 25 ppt (15.00±2.00 individual/ml). The highest copepodites and gravid females density is found in 28°C, pH 9 and 25 ppt which is 15.67±1.53 individual/ ml and 3.67±0.58 individual/ml respectively. The maximum specific growth rate, K is 0.1472±0.0012. This study suggests that the optimum condition for the population growth of A. neglectus could possibly at temperature 28°C, pH 9 and salinity 25 ppt.
Biography Zaleha Kassim is an Associate Professor in Marine Science Department, Kulliyyah of Science and International Islamic University, Malaysia.
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 35 Eunice A Layugan, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.002
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Polyculture of freshwater clam Batissa violacea and genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) Oreochromis niloticus Eunice A Layugan Cagayan State University, Philippines
atissa violacea is a freshwater clam that is commercially important species and prevalent in Cagayan River, Philippines. This clam Bis the most expensive freshwater clam in Northern Philippines that supports the food supply and economic livelihood of many coastal communities. The population of this species in the wild has been dwindling due to over-exploitation and environmental changes. This study has been conducted to determine the potential of culturing the filter-feeding freshwater clam, B. violacea, with genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) strain of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. For 120 days, the growth performance of clam juveniles (initial shell length: 31-35 mm) was compared under two culture methods: (1) monoculture with stocking density of 25 clam/m3 (T1), 50 clam/m3 (T2), 100 clam/m3 (T3), and 200 clam/m3 (T4); and (2) polyculture in combination with GIFT fingerlings (initial average weight: 10g) added at 20 fish/m3 on each clam stocking density treatment (T1-T4) similar to those in monoculture. The treatments for monoculture and polyculture have three replicates each in randomized complete block design using 2 x 4 Factorial Design. The results were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT). The freshwater clam grown in polyculture with tilapia grew faster than those in monoculture. The highest density of 200 clams/m3 (T4) in both polyculture and monoculture showed significantly lower shell length growth compared with the lowest stocking density at 25 clams/m3 (T1); but no significant difference (p>0.05) was found with the stocking densities at 50 clams/m3 (T2) and 100 clams/ m3 (T3). The average increase in weight of B. violacea was inversely proportional with stocking density, with the highest weight gain recorded at the lowest density of 25clams/m3 (T1). Although there was variation in growth at different stocking densities and culture methods, the interaction effect between two factors was not significant. Survival rate ofB. violaceain polyculture, ranged from 94- 97%; while in monoculture, the survival rate ranged from 94-96%. Biomass production was directly related to stocking density in both culture methods.
Biography Eunice A Layugan has completed her PhD in Fisheries (Aquaculture) at the University of the Philippines College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences Miag-ao Iloilo. She is the current Campus Executive Officer of CSU-Aparri Campus, and the former Dean of the College Fisheries and Marine Science and Director for Fisheries Research. She pioneered on endemic Clam Project, B. violacea from Cagayan River, for almost 20 years with almost 25 research studies conducted in various commodities. She is the only researcher entire the Philippines working along this species and was awarded most Outstanding Agricultural Scientist at both Provincial and Regional level in June 2004-2005, July 2011-2012. She presents paper in international, national and local, and has published international journals aside from written manuals, leaflets and patent.
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 36 Sébastien Hochard et al., J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.002
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Rotational culture of the sea cucumber Holothuria scabra with the shrimp Liptopenaeus stylirostris: Trade-off between growth performance and bioremediation, comparison with shrimp monoculture Sébastien Hochard1, Lemonnier H2, Letourneur Y3, Lorrain A4, Royer F2 and Hubert M2 1ADECAL Technopôle, New Caledonia 2IFREMER, New Caledonia 3Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, New Caledonia 4IRD LEMAR, Centre, New Caledonia
he dramatic decrease of natural stock of H. scabra led to a rising interest for its aquaculture in South-east Pacific region but Trearing strategies still need to be improved. In New-Caledonia, former trial showed that direct co-culture with shrimp was not viable. Rotational culture in earthen pond with shrimp could be an interesting approach for the territory. In this context two goals are pursued, maximize the zootechnic performances of H. scabra (growth, survival and carrying capacity) and bioremediate the pond sediment for the next shrimp crop. For this purpose, they have conducted a two step experiment in mesocosms. First, they have grown Holothuria using different nutrition protocols (no food, corn waste, fish flour) and followed environmental conditions and processes (sediment metabolism, benthic Chla, sediment organic matter composition and nutrient content) and zootechnic performances. In the second step, they have selected the treatments which led to the best bioremediation and to the best growth. These two treatments were reused for a crop of shrimp and compared to shrimp monoculture. The first step showed that feeding H. scabra with corn waste enhanced growth rate at the beginning of the experiment compared to the no food treatment. Nevertheless it did not permit to outcome the carrying capacity of the system. Feeding led to an enrichment of the system and only the no food treatment led to an observable remediation of the sediment. The second step, the shrimp crop is still under process until June 2015 and results will be presented during the conference.
Biography Sébastien Hochard is PhD in Marine Environmental Science (University of Aix-Marseille, France) and specialized in the biogeochemical functioning of shallow coastal ecosystems. He achieved Postdoctoral position at IFREMER and the University of New-Caledonia and studied benthic pelagic coupling in shrimp pond monoculture and co culture with rabbit fish. He worked with ADECAL on the biogeochemical functioning of biofloc. He is now in charge of the HOBICAL project financed by the ZoNéco Program which aims to insert the aquaculture of Holothuria scabra in the New-Caledonian aquaculture based on shrimp production.
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 37 Muhammad Naeem Khan, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.002
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Prospects of aquaculture development along the Persian Gulf coast of United Arab Emirates: Transfer of Australian aquaculture technologies to Middle East Muhammad Naeem Khan University of the Punjab, Pakistan
ost of the United Arab Emirates (UAE)’s coastline of about 1318 km lies along the Persian Gulf, with only a minor (6.82%) Mportion falling in the Gulf of Oman in the east. UAE / Dubai although surprised the world with its land mark marine projects like artificial islands of “Palm Jumeirah”, “Palm Jebel Ali”, “Deira Island” and “The World Islands” but far simpler marine and aquaculture projects like those in developed countries to raise fish in sea cages have yet to be developed here. Despite establishing a novel, unique, land-based chilled recirculation aquaculture system (RAS) of onshore pools for salmon aquaculture with a cost of USD 27 Million and a prized caviar sturgeon farm, UAE has yet to develop and exploit true potential of its aquaculture. The author recently surveyed a small portion of UAE west coast along the Persian Gulf and observed that the country is having many natural inlets and suitable sites for coastal & marine aquaculture. Considering the trade, business and investment boom witnessed by UAE during the last 2-3 decade and considering the ease, with which the new and modern technologies are imported, adopted and transferred to the country, the transfer of Australian marine aquaculture technologies can be very advantageous to the UAE fish production system. The prospects of culture of marine finfish in Open pen-sea cage aquaculture in UAE are enormous as hydrographical and farming conditions are suitable /similar to other aquaculture rich regions of the world. It is recommended that a new state of art technical facility for fish seed production and aquaculture demonstration center for sea cages of a globally established and proven aquaculture fish species like barramundi (Asian sea bass) (Lates calcarifer) etc. be established in UAE. Australia being the global leader in barramundi aquaculture can transfer technology and provide aquaculture leadership to emerging markets in Middle East. It is anticipated that Australian cage aquaculture technologies can be promoted on a large commercial/industrial scale in Persian Gulf coast of UAE as these waters are known to have suitable natural productivity, water quality and rearing temperatures in the area. The booming tourism industry in UAE will get a further boost by this new type of marine food production and eco-tourism. Similarly aquaculture will help reduce pressure on traditional capture fishing operations and the coastal environment and its beauty will be least affected by these operations. The paper will discuss the prospects of transfer of globally established Australian barramundi aquaculture and sea food technologies to UAE and Middle East.
Biography Muhammad Naeem Khan presently, working as Professor of Fisheries & Aquaculture in the Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. Previously, he worked as Professor & Dean, Faculty of Fisheries & Wildlife, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan during 2003-05, Director Fisheries, Government of Pakistan during 1996-2003, Deputy Director of Fisheries from 1989-1996 and Assistant Director Fisheries from 1986-1989. He received his PhD degree in Zoology from the University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada (1996), after a MSc in Zoology (1983) from University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. He has 29 years experience of aquaculture development with the Department of Fisheries, Government of Pakistan, universities & academia in Pakistan and Canada, having 35 international and 44 nationally published research publications to his credit. His work experience includes 16 years of work on warm water aquaculture in Pakistan and 5 years of research work with salmon aquaculture in British Columbia, Canada and Great Lakes of Canada during 1992-97.
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 38 Kashifa Naghma Waheed et al., J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.002
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
The quantitative trace level analysis of heavy metals through inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) in fish samples collected from fresh water aquaculture Kashifa Naghma Waheed and Sikender Hayat Fisheries Research & Training Institute, Pakistan
he evaluation of toxic heavy metals; Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb) has always been an essential phenomenon Tbecause of their involvement in environmental processes and their bioaccumulation in fish finally resulting in the transfer of a variety of diseases in humans due to consumption of such polluted fishes. Through Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrophotometer (ICP-OES), the trace level quantitative analysis of above mentioned metals following protocols of AOAC was performed for farm fishes of privately established fish farms present all over the Punjab, Pakistan. All laboratory formalities were considered and precautionary measures needed to be taken into account were implemented during the entire experimental work like sampling technique, acid digestion processes, acid fumes/toxics handling, gas cylinders hazards and plasma precautions etc. A total of 300 fish samples of almost fourteen different fish species (rohu, mrigal, thaila, grass carp, silver carp, common carp, dolla, pari, mali, tilapia, maraki, khagga, singarhi and big head) were collected from various private fish farms and analyzed during 2011-2013 duration. These were taken from different sites lying in Punjab regions including Bahawalpur, Channawan, D G Khan, Faisalabad, Farooqabad, Gujranwala, Jhang, Kasur, Khanewal, Kotliarian, Lahore, Mianchannu, Multan, Muzafargarh, Nankana, Pakpattan, Pirmahal, Sheikhupura, Sialkot and Vehari. The heavy metals viz. Cadmium, Chromium and lead were found present in varying degrees and extents in some of the fish muscles however were found either absent or within the suitable ranges in majority of the others. The high level of metal contamination/toxicity in fish muscles at some sites suggested that it was not suitable for human consumption.
Biography Kashifa Naghma Waheed is presently working as Principal Chemist, Fisheries Research & Training Institute, Department of Fisheries, Punjab, Lahore. She started her career as Senior Chemist and served on various posts including Section Officer (Planning & Development), Section Officer (B&P Fisheries), Section Officer (Coordination), Statistical Officer-I, Technical Manager (Chemistry), Quality Manager (Chemistry) and finally Principal Chemist during her 22 years of Government Service till date. She played a key role in the process of accreditation of Fish Quality Control Laboratories by strengthening the requirements of Chemistry Laboratories (ICP-OES section, LC-MS section & General section). She did her BSc from Queen Mary College, Lahore and was awarded with Roll of Honour.
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 39 Khalid Pervaiz et al., J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.002
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Reproductive analysis of Indus Mahseer Tor macrolepis (Heckel, 1838) (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) Khalid Pervaiz1, Imtiaz Begum1, Zafar Iqbal2, Muhammad Naeem Javed3 and Muhammad Naeem4 1Fisheries Research & Training Institute Lahore, Pakistan 2University of the Punjab, Pakistan 3University Lahore, Pakistan 4Bahauddin Zakariya University, Pakistan
study on reproductive biology and development of Indus Mahseer, Tor macrolepis (Heckel) was conducted for one year at Fish ANursery Attock, Pakistan. During this study, controlled breeding without exogenous hormones was carried out. Absolute and relative fecundity was found to be related to wet body weight, total length and standard length in Indus mahseer. The species exhibits two breeding seasons i.e., April-May and August-September in one year. Ova diameter for early and late breeding season was observed as m: 2.885±0.07, hatching time 85.5-94 hours with survival 93% and m: 3.07±0.13, hatching time 82-90 hours with survival 87% respectively. Mean values of absolute fecundity of the species was found as 2688 ova per kg±1234.616; range 890-5080 and relative fecundity as 3.57±0.704; range 1.8-4.37.
Biography Khalid Pervaiz is currently a Head of Pathology & Aquaculture Section at Fisheries Research & Training Institute, Lahore, Pakistan. He conducted research on various applied fisheries research aspects. Various development projects were formulated and supervised notable on conservation of Indus Mahseer at Attock district. More than sixteen International peers reviewed papers have been credited including a book on Indus Mahseer published by LAMBERT in Germany.
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 40 Vaitheeswaran Thiruvengadam, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.002
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
A new record of Squat lobster Munida curvipes Benedict, 1902 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Galatheidae), Off Thoothukudi coast of Gulf of Mannar, India (08º 35’ 22.5” N lat. 78º 27’ 40.9” E long and 08º 31’ 91.2” N lat. 78º 25’ 32.7”E) Vaitheeswaran Thiruvengadam Rarbio Energies Private Limited, India
he squat lobster, Munida curvipes Benedict, 1902 was recorded for the first time from the Indian main land coast, while Tinvestigating the biodiversity of the squat lobster of Gulf of Mannar during December, 2013. One specimen of the said species was collected as an incidental by-catch in the deep sea trawl fisheries off Thoothukudi coast of the Gulf of Mannar, between 08º 35’ 22.5” N lat. 78º 27’ 40.9” E long and 08º 31’ 91.2” N lat. 78º 25’ 32.7”E long at a depth of 305-310 m, Vaitheeswaran and Venkataramani (2012) and Vaitheeswaran (2014). The present records show its extended distribution from Gulf of Mannar to the East of Andamans and further to South Pacific Ocean, Chile. The total number of squat lobsters from India has now risen to 52. These results point up the high diversity of this genus in the region and the importance of several characters in species identification (e.g., size and number of lateral spines on the carapace, ornamentation of the thoracic sternites, and size of antennular and antennal spines, colour pattern).
Biography Vaitheeswaran Thiruvengadam has been working as an Assistant General Manager R & D and Quality Control of technical operations of Marine Pharma. He holds over 22 years of fisheries resource management and taxonomy, and he has received (PhD) Endeavour International Postgraduate Research Scholarship Award (AUS $ 73,200), University of Tasmania, Australia. He has published 55 publications; (National and International) 13 books, 198 extension articles, 42 new finfish and shellfish, 5 T.V talks and 2 erected new species reported Indian, Indo-Pacific, Western Indian Waters and Indian Ocean.
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 41 291st OMICS International Conference International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia Scientific Tracks & Abstracts (Day 2)
Aquaculture-2015
Page 47 Track 2, 4, 5, 7 & 8 Day 2 July 21, 2015 Track 2: Fish Habitat Ecology and Conservation Track 4: Aquaculture and Biosystem Research Track 5: Aquatic Organism’s Byproducts and Their Applications Track 7: Zebra Fish : A Biological Model Organism Track 8: Diversification in Aquaculture Session Chair Session Co-chair Kirsten Heimann Chaoshu Zeng James Cook University, Australia James Cook University, Australia Session Introduction Title: Embryonic learning of chemical cues via the parents host in anemonefish (Amphiprion ocellaris) Kazuko Miyagawa Kohshima, Wildlife Research Center of Kyoto University, Japan Title: The role of the sediment in the functioning of semi-intensive shrimp pond ecosystem: Focus on the benthic primary production Sébastien Hochard, ADECAL Technopole, New Caledonia Title: Growth and biochemical responses to dietary starch and protein levels in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Jidan Ye, Fisheries College of Jimei University, China Title: Increasing yield by managing aquatic microbiological communities Mike Moore, Keeton Industries Inc., USA Title: The new method of seaweed cultivation in Indonesia Maruf Kasim, Universitas Halu Oleo, Indonesia Title: Effects of live tubificid worms on growth performance and survival of stinging catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1794) Anwar Hossain, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh Title: Photoperiodism in the somatic growth and gonad production and quality of the sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla Facundo B Asia, Mariano Marcos State University, Philippines Title: Pesticide residues in aquatic organisms: Fish and frog K S Tilak, Acharya Nagarjuna University, India Title: Comparison of Nannochloropsis sp. cultivated in photobioreactor and open raceway pond Mujizat Kawaroe, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia Title: Documentation and inventory of aramang stocks N. tenuipes in northern Cagayan, Phillipines Lenimfa P Molina, Cagayan State University, Philippines Title: Influence of Lactobacillus acidophilus supplementation on digestive enzyme activities, gut histomorphology and microflora of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus Sauvage, 1878) juveniles Mst Nahid Akter, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia Title: Toxicity and other effects of pesticides to fresh water fishes K S Tilak, Acharya Nagarjuna University, India
Aquaculture-2015 Page 48 Kazuko Miyagawa-Kohshima et al., J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.002
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Embryonic learning of chemical cues via the parents’ host in Anemonefish (Amphiprion ocellaris) Kazuko Miyagawa-Kohshima1, Hirokazu Miyahara2 and Senzo Uchida2 1Wildlife Research Center of Kyoto University, Japan 2Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium, Japan
t is known that each anemonefish inhabits species-specific symbiotic anemone(s) in the Indo-Pacific Ocean, and has been Idemonstrated that each anemonefish juveniles reach their hosts by recognizing chemicals emitted from symbiotic anemone(s). We studied this species-specific host-recognition system of anemonefish experimentally, with a particular focus on the function of imprinting using naive Amphiprion ocellaris juveniles. They demonstrated the embryonic and immediate post-hatching learning of chemical cues via the parents’ host in A. ocellaris through a host-exchange experiment with egg batches during hatching. This is why anemonefish parents lay their eggs very close to their host anemone, the eggs almost always touching the host’s body or tentacles. The memory obtained from such imprinting operates at the time when juveniles first search for their hosts. Unexpectedly, innate recognition was found to exist not only in the symbiotic host species but also weakly in two non-partner species. Innate recognition alone is not sufficient. Imprinting via the parents’ host complements innate recognition, leading to rigid species-specific host recognition. Imprinting by the parents’ single host provides a sufficient cue for reaching the two host species. Furthermore, when combined with imprinting, innate recognition of non-partners serves to supplement the recognition of those species, leading to substitute partnerships that are only observed in some localities. In short, innate non-partnerrecognition is considered to be a type of spare recognition. Further will discuss potential functions of imprinting in the host-recognition system.
Biography Kazuko Miyagawa-Kohshima completed her PhD from Kyoto University and Postdoctoral studies from the Suntory Institute for Bioorganic Research. She along with colleagues succeeded to identify some attractants which functions in anemonefish-sea anemone partnerships. She has taught biology and ethology as a part-time Lecturer in Kyoto Institute of Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Komazawa University, and Atomi University. Currently, she is working as a Researcher in the Wildlife Research Center of Kyoto University. Her main research interest lies in solving problems of the fascinating symbiosis between anemonefish and sea.
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 49 Sébastien Hochard et al., J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.002
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
The role of the sediment in the functioning of semi-intensive shrimp pond ecosystem: Focus on the benthic primary production Sébastien Hochard1, Lemonnier H2, Royer F2 and Hubert M2 1ADECAL Technopôle, New Caledonia 2IFREMER, New Caledonia
lthough sediment is considered as an important detritic component of earthen ponds used in shrimp production, benthic Aprimary production is usually considered as negligible. Yet Benthic microalgae (BMA) are a major component of shallow marine ecosystem functioning. They produce labile organic matter at the sediment surface and control the nutrient exchanges at the water- sediment interface. Thus BMA may have an influence on the benthic pelagic coupling during the rearing period and influence the dynamics of water quality and phytoplankton communities. This may have direct consequences in the pond management strategy. These issues were investigated in the context of New Caledonian shrimp aquaculture which is based on the rearing ofLitopenaeus stylirostris in semi intensive pond. Our scientific approach included both industrial pond surveys and mesocosm experiments. Our research showed that BMA could reach a biomass that exceeded phytoplankton biomass in both systems. BMA biomass was controlled by nutrient input (food), light availability and shrimp bioturbation. BMA activity had a significant contribution to the total pond metabolism and had an important role in the control of nutrient exchanges at the water-sediment interface. The controlling factors appeared to be different for nitrogen and phosphorus leading to fluctuating release of nutrients from the sediment to the water column both in term of fluxes and N/P ratio. These have direct consequences on the pond management. They discuss these features in term of fertilization strategy, and pond sediment monitoring and management.
Biography Sébastien Hochard is PhD in Marine Environmental Science (University of Aix-Marseille, France) and specialized in the biogeochemical functioning of shallow coastal ecosystems. He achieved Postdoctoral position at IFREMER and the University of New-Caledonia and studied benthic pelagic coupling in shrimp pond monoculture and co culture with rabbit fish. He worked with ADECAL on the biogeochemical functioning of biofloc. He is now in charge of the HOBICAL project financed by the ZoNéco Program which aim to insert the aquaculture of Holothuria scabra in the New-Caledonian aquaculture based on shrimp production.
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 50 Jidan Ye, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.002
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Growth and biochemical responses to dietary starch and protein levels in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Jidan Ye Jimei University, China
factorial experiment was designed to examine the effects of dietary protein and carbohydrate levels on growth and biochemical Aresponses of Nile tilapia. Six diets were formulated to contain 24% or 36% protein, and 0, 20% or 40% starch. Triplicate replicates of each treatment were assigned across 18 tanks (20 fish per tank). Fish in each treatment were then fed one of the diets to satiation twice daily over a period of 56 days. Fish receiving non-starch diets had lower weight gain, feed efficiency (FE), protein efficiency rate (PER), hepatosomatic index, and whole-body protein and lipid contents, but had higher whole-body moisture and ash contents compared to fish receiving starch-containing diets. 36% dietary protein promoted FE, PER and condition factor and whole-body protein content, but lowered whole-body moisture content versus 24% dietary protein. Feeding starch-containing diets resulted in increased plasma GLU and TG concentrations and liver lipid and glycogen contents compared to feeding non-starch diets. Liver GK activity was enhanced as dietary starch level was raised, whereas similar trend with liver PK activity was found only in fish fed 36% protein. Inversely, liver G6Pase and PEPCK activities were declined as dietary starch level increased. A greater increase in plasma concentrations of GLU and TG and liver contents of lipid and glycogen and liver GK activity, while a greater decline in liver G6Pase
and PEPCK activities were observed in fish fed 36% dietary protein. Plasma levels of insulin, 3T and T4 were lower in non-starch fed fish than that in starch fed fish. However, similar result with plasma IGF-І was observed only in fish receiving 24% dietary protein. There was no alteration in plasma glucagon level among treatments. The results indicate that starch as carbohydrate is indispensable for the growth and metabolism of Nile tilapia. Protein-sparing effect of carbohydrate was also observed in this study.
Biography Jidan Ye is currently a Professor in Fish Nutrition and Feed at Fisheries College of Jimei University, China.
J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 51 Mike Moore, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.002
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia Increasing yield by managing aquatic microbiological communities Mike Moore Keeton Industries Inc., USA
here there is water there is bacteria. Determining the dominant species of bacteria and their role in your aquatic community is Wcritical to improving cultural conditions and reducing susceptibility to disease and opportunistic pathogens. Whether you grow extensively, intensively, biofloc, or not, understanding the importance of managing your microbiology is paramount to the health and development of your crop. If you desire improved feed conversion, growth, and yield, and/or improved water quality, reduced organic load, environmental contamination, and bad odors, managing your microbial community can be the solution. Increasing yield and profits is most easily accomplished when you understand your microbiological conditions and utilize the appropriate species to improve cultural practices. Don’t leave your microbiological community to chance.
Biography Mike Moore is an accomplished aquatic biologist with international experience in shrimp and finfish culture. He works for Keeton Industries, Incorporated, the manufacturer of aquaculture’s finest microbial products. He has worked for governmental and private organizations for 20 years, improving processes and production in the United States and internationally.
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 52 Maruf Kasim, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.002
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
The new method of seaweed cultivation in Indonesia Maruf Kasim and Ahmad Mustafa Universitas Halu Oleo, Indonesia
appaphycus alvarezii and Eucheuma denticulatum are few species of seaweeds that widely cultivated by coastal community in KIndonesia. However, currently Eucheuma sp. production was significantly reduced caused by many problems such as herbivorous attack in field cultivation. This study aims to examine the effect of utilization of new seaweeds cultivation method on monthly production. New methods of seaweeds cultivation are floating cages. The research was conducted during March to December 2013 in Lakeba seaweeds cultivation area, Baubau city, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Underwater observation was conducted to observe the effect of floating cages on herbivorous. To calculate the effectives of Floating cages design, we were using three different design size of Floating cages, (200×200×50 cm, 200×400×50 cm and 100×400×50 cm). In terms to analyze the effect of floating cage on seaweeds production, we were compare the production of K. alverazii and Eucheuma denticulatum by using long line methods and floating cages methods. The results showed that the floating cages completely keep and eliminate pests on seaweed. Ideal size being used for the cultivation of seaweed are 100×400×60 cm. The size designs are highly mobile and easily moved to desired location. In the period of cultivation of 50 and 90 days was observed that E. denticulatum were cultured with floating cages have average growth 389.2 g and 865.8 g, respectively. While the cultivated with longline average growth is 236.7 g and 531.8 g respectively. This shows a fairly significant difference of both. As for the K. alverazii seen that during the cultivation of 50 and 90 days, the average growth of the weight is 329.3 g and 740 g respectively. While cultured with longline, average growth is 177.5 g and 487.5 g respectively. Growth Kappaphycus alvarazii looks slower than the Eucheuma denticulatum. Trend growths of both species tend to be highly increased after 50 days and decreased after a 70-day maintenance period. The cultivation by using floating cages produces fairly good growth with no of pest attacks that can affect growth rates.
Biography Maruf Kasim is a Professor and Aquatic Resources and Conservation Specialist in Faculty of Fishery and Marine Science of Universitas Halu Oleo, Indonesia.
[email protected] [email protected]
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 53 Anwar Hossain et al., J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.002
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Effects of live tubificid worms on growth performance and survival of stinging catfish,Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1794) Anwar Hossain, Md. Jonayed Hossain and Shankar Chandra Mandal University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
tinging catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis, Bloch, 1794) is very popular and high valued fish in Bangladesh. Due to high nutritive Svalue, the fish is recommended in the diet of sick and convalescent patients. Presently, stinging catfish is declared as one of the threatened fish in Bangladesh (IUCN Bangladesh, 2000). Considering its status it is essential to develop a suitable culture technique to sustain this threatened fish in wild nature. However, very little published literatures are available on growth and production of stinging catfish in pond, tank and net cages in Bangladesh. In the present experiment, growth performance, survival and flesh quality of stinging catfish were evaluated using three types of feeds namely live tubificid worm, tubificid powder and commercial pellet feed.
Three feeds were used in three treatments where Treatment-T1 using pellet feed (control), Treatment-T2 using tubificid powder and
Treatment-T3 using live tubificid worms. Ten fingerlings (W=8.04±0.01 g) were stocked in each 50 L tank with three replicates for 45 days rearing in laboratory condition. The fishes were fed twice a day at 10% of body weight for first 15 days and 8% per day for the next 30 days. Fish sampling was done at 15 days interval. Significantly higher mean body weight W=48.53±1.13 g was found in stinging catfish at 45th day fed with live tubificid worm than that of others (P<0.05). The highest survival rate 91.67±1.67%, average daily gain (ADG) 0.97±0.01 g day-1, specific growth rate (SGR) 4.58±0.05%, protein content 17.48±0.28% and lowest food conversion ratio(FCR)1.52±0.02 were found in treatment T3 while live tubificid worms were used as feed. The present study suggests that live tubificid worms may be used as a good alternative to commercial feed in rearing of stinging catfish particularly to overcome the suffocating problem in nursing period.
Biography Anwar Hossain is an Assistant Professor in Department of Fisheries in University of Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 54 Facundo B Asia et al., J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.002
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Photoperiodism in the somatic growth and gonad production and quality of the sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla Facundo B Asia, Erlyn S Allado, Venus Suerte R Ramos and Pilar Carolyn V Pascual Mariano Marcos State University, Philippines
omatic (wet weight and equatorial and polar test diameters), gonad production (gonadosomatic index) and gonad quality (color) Sof the sea urchin T.gratilla reared in plastic basins to determine the effect of light exposure were donein vitro from December 2011 to May 2012. The experiment consisted of four treatments with three equal replications arranged in a completely randomized design as follows: Treatment I - 12 hours exposure; Treatment II - 8 hours exposure; Treatment III - 4 hours exposure; and Treatment IV - no exposure time. Results show that organisms in treatments III and IV had significantly (p≤0.05) higher growth rates (wet weight and test diameters) than the organisms in treatments I and II. In terms of gonad growth (GSI) and quality (color), the organisms reared in shorter light exposure time showed significantly better gonad quality than those in longer light exposure time. However, it was noted that the gonads of the organisms in treatment IV (no light exposure time) are less firm and liquefies when exposed to the air than in the other treatments particularly that of Treatment III. It is therefore recommended that T. gratilla can be best reared in covered plastic basins with four hours exposure time.
Biography Facundo B Asia is a professor in College of Aquatic Sciences and Applied Technology, Mariano Marcos State University, Philippines.
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 55 K S Tilak, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.002
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Pesticide residues in aquatic organisms: Fish and frog K S Tilak Acharya Nagarjuna University, India
he standard methods and guidelines prescribed by EPA for TLC and GLC procedures, the tissues of fish and frog viz. Gill, Muscle, TLiver kidney, Brain and Tests (Frog only) were extracted, cleaned up and concentrated to less than one ml and are qualified and quantified. The qualified residues by their standard ‘Rf values’ and are repository at nano level. The residues are varied in different tissues of fish and also in different fish as well as in frog due to lipophillic nature. The latent residues are known to bio-accumulate via the food chain and reach human beings and the risk to the health of the people may be cautioned. The bio-concentrations will show an impact on reproductive impairment of the commercially important fishes and to higher carnivores especially to birds. The need to protect the fast declining population like frogs which are natural pest controllers from under exposure to insecticides cannot be ignored too a part from consumption of fish and frog. In disease management of aqua farming, the chemical treatment is contemplated and use of organophosphates like chloropyriphos result to reach a level either acute or chronic and the fish are subjected to more stress, avoid feeding which is detrimental for their growth. An attempt has been made to study the effect of three mixed pesiticides in ratios as 1:1:1 (Organochlorine-Endosulphate, Organophosphate-Dimetheote and a Synthetic pyrathrod cypermethrin. The results of the study revealed that prolonged exposure to sub-lethal concentration of mixture of pesticides ratios in the fish Labeo rohita leads to increased accumulation. The study also revealed that at sub-lethal concentrations of pesticide mixture lead to high residue concentrations. The uptake and persistence of endosulphan, dimetheote and cypermethrin varies according to the residues which is a prerequisite to observe any biochemical or histopathological change which are really the indices of toxicity. It is also confirmed that many of the bio chemical changes in the tissues resulting to do away from their normal functions and triggers of a cascade mechanism that reverberate.
Biography K S Tilak is a Doctorate from Andhra University, Waltair, AP, India and the former Dean of faculty of Natural Sciences, Chairman Board of Studies (PG) Zoology and Head of the Department of Zoology and Aquaculture. He has 40 years of research experience on ‘pesticide toxicology’ having guided 29 research students and published 72 research papers in international and national journals recipient of prestigious ‘Archana Gold Medal’ by Academy of Environmental Biology, Editor and Reviewer of reputed toxicity journals and also conducted international and national conference in Acharya Nagarjuna University, AP, India.
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 56 Mujizat Kawaroe, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.002
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Comparison of Nannochloropsis sp. cultivated in photobioreactor and open raceway pond Mujizat Kawaroe Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia
icroalgae cultivation can be done with an enclosed system using photobioreactor and open system using raceway pond. Both Msystems have distinct advantages and disadvantages. The purpose of this research is to compare specific growth rate, biomass weight and microalgae doubling time used in photobioreactor and open raceway pond cultivation. The density result gained from open raceway pond has increased from 6,64×106 cell/ml in day-0 to 139,89×106 cell/ml in the 10th day of the observation. Specific growth rate in photobioreactor cultivation increased exponentially between day-0 and day-1 of the observation while open raceway pond cultivation has low specific growth rate. Specific growth rate in open raceway pond in the next day is higher than growth rate of Nannochloropsis sp. cells in photobioreactor. Nannochloropsis sp. in photobioreactor cultivation was faster to reach death phase compared to Nannochloropsis sp. cells in open raceway pond. Biomass weight of Nannochloropsis sp. cells in photobioreactor has decreased from 0.2-0.16 gr/l from day 0-10. Biomass weight of Nannochloropsis sp. cells in open raceway pond has increased from 0.21-0.33 gr/l from day 0-10. Nannochloropsis sp. cultivated in open raceway pond has doubling time of 2.27 while doubling time of Nannochloropsis sp. cultivated in photobioreactor is 3.51.
Biography Mujizat Kawaroe is a Lecturer in Marine Science and Technology Department of Bogor Agricultural University. She is also active as Senior Researcher of Algae Division in Surfactant and Bioenergy Research Center; Bogor Agriculture University, Indonesia. She has focused in research on bioenergy from algae both micro and macro algae since 2007 until today. She is also an Active Member of Western Pacific (WESTPAC), Asia-Pacific Region under the auspices of the Asia-Pacific Society for Applied Phycology (APSAP) and the Asian Productivity Organization (APO). She has published her own Indonesian language book with team entitled Microalgae for Biofuel in 2010.
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 57 Lenimfa P Molina, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.002
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Documentation and inventory of Aramang stocks N. tenuipes in northern Cagayan, Phillipines Lenimfa P Molina Cagayan State University, Philippines
parri, Cagayan is a coastal municipality at the northern most tip of Cagayan Valley, Philippines where fishing is one of the major Asources of income for the people. The drift filter net is one of the gears used to catch Nematopalaemon tenuipes, an endemic species locally known as “Aramang”. This study generally aimed to document activities relevant to gathering of aramang, to have an inventory of aramang catch for the last five years and undertake molecular identification to find ways to develop strategies towards its conservation & protection. Fishermen were interviewed to elicit data on their total catch and income and to validate the existing data on aramang production for the last 5-years from the Bureau of Fisheries & Aquatic Resources and Department of Agriculture office in Aparri. Catch distribution of aramang was taken through an interview with aramang fishers of the Aparri Aramang Fishers’ Association. Samples for species identification were collected from aramang gatherers, sorted, measured and preserved in plastic test tubes with 90% of ethanol. Photos and initial data on the samples’ physical characteristics were recorded. Samples were brought to UP-MSI, Diliman, Quezon City for DNA barcoding. Results of the study revealed that under the Gentlemen’s agreement in catching red shrimps, the fishing activity always starts with a meeting of all fishers to agree on price per can and date of the fishing operation. Results also show that there was a fluctuating trend on aramang production for the last 5-years. For the distribution of aramang catch, the highest percentage goes to the traders who export the aramang to Japan in its dry form. Income from aramang catching as disclosed by fishermen during the interview ranges from 11,000 to 25,000 for owners and 1,000 to 3,000 for crew per fishing activity. Two species of aramang were identified from samples by experts from UP-MSI.
Biography Lenimfa P Molina working as Campus Research and Extension coordinator of Cagayan State University - Aparri, Aparri, Cagayan Valley, Philippines and conducting researches along Fisheries and Post- Harvest. She has presented some papers in international research conferences and she also have published papers in international journals, both online and in print.
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Page 58 Mst Nahid Akter et al., J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.002
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Influence of Lactobacillus acidophilus supplementation on digestive enzyme activities, gut histomorphology and microflora of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus Sauvage, 1878) juveniles Mst Nahid Akter1,2, Amalia Sutriana1,3, Roshada Hashim1 and Siti Azizah Mohd Nor1 1Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia 2Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Bangladesh 3Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia
he influence of the dietary probiotic, Lactobacillus acidophilus on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, gut histo- Tmorphology and microflora was determined in striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) juveniles. Four diets containing L. acidophilus at 103, 105, 107 and 109 CFU/g of diet and control (without L. acidophilus supplementation) were prepared and fed to triplicate groups of striped catfish juveniles (initial weight of 21.69±0.18 g) twice daily at 2.5% of fish body weight for 12 weeks. Weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio in the groups fed5 10 and 107 CFU/g of L. acidophilus were significantly improved (P<0.05) compared to the remaining treatment groups. Further, compared to control and fish fed low (103 CFU/g) L. acidophilus supplementation, those fed 105 and 107 CFU/g had significantly higher (P<0.05) apparent protein digestibility. Except for lipase activity, inclusion of L. acidophilus at 107 CFU/g diet significantly increased amylase and protease activities. Microscopic analysis showed that the villi length in both the anterior and posterior gut and microvilli length in the posterior gut only increased significantly (P<0.05) in fish fedL. acidophilus supplementation at 105 and 107 CFU/g of diet. The fish fedL. acidophilus supplemented diets significantly increased the total count of lactic acid bacteria in the gut of striped catfish compared to the control fed group. However, L. acidophilus supplementation did not show any significant effect of striped catfish survival. Based on gut histomorphology and growth performance, inclusion of L. acidophilus at 105 CFU/g seem to have the most positive effect of striped catfish juvenile farming.
Biography Mst Nahid Akter is now going to finish her PhD at the age of 35 years from Universiti Sains Malaysia under the School of Biological Sciences. She awarded as a PhD fellow by OWSD. She has teaching experience in a reputed public university in Bangladesh. She has published 1 paper in Aquaculture International journal and about 10 papers in reputed local Bangladeshi journals. She has attended 3 international symposium in various Asian countries and several workshops in Malaysia.
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 59 K S Tilak, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.002
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Toxicity and other effects of pesticides to fresh water fishes K S Tilak Acharya Nagarjuna University, India
dopting static and flow-through methods of APHA, acute toxicity of diverse pesticides (both technical and commercial Agrades) to native select freshwater food fish was assessed at different intervals, i.e., 24h, 48h, 72h and 96h. Toxicity experiments were also conducted by mixing the pesticides of different classes in varied ratios. The results revealed species-specific toxicity of the pesticides. LC50 values were higher in static rather than flow-through tests, the latter simulating the near-natural conditions. Generally the toxicity varied with duration of exposure, and for some pesticides, 48h-LC 50 value remained unchanged even at 96h. The formulations proved more toxic than technical grades, and some resultant metabolites more toxic than their parent compounds; also, toxicity in different ratios was additive or cumulative or synergistic. Various parameters like oxygen consumption, biochemical, haematological and histopathological changes, and the qualitative confirmation by TLC, quantitative estimation by GLC, and protein profiling were studied following standard procedures. The results observed on different species varied with the toxicants. Decrease in oxygen consumption due to conversion of haemoglobin to methemoglobin, which can be thwarted by substituting required amino acid in the feed management of aquacultural practices. Qualitative confirmations provide basic information for tissue deposition, which, in turn, triggers off biochemical and histopathological changes, making it unfit for human consumption and impairment of quick growth making the fish unsuitable for aquaculture by which it can not be sustainable. A decrement in acetyl cholinesterase wherein abnormal behaviour was noticed and it has also resulted in fish deprived of natural and artificial feed. Histopathologically, the first organ succumb damage is the gill wherein the architectural design is altered leading to changes in physiological processes of respiration and excretion. In other vital organs of the fish, brain, liver and kidney are also resulted in considerable damage to do away their normal functions. The residue of pesticides are qualified by confirming with their standard “Rf” values and after only they can be estimated by GLC which revealed as the uptake of the toxicants and further changes reverberate as in cascade mechanism. A chance of eating such latent residues as repository due to palatability of human beings, bioaccumulation may be cautioned.
Biography K S Tilak is a Doctorate from Andhra University, Waltair, AP, India and the former Dean of faculty of Natural Sciences, Chairman Board of Studies (PG) Zoology and Head of the Department of Zoology and Aquaculture. He has 40 years of research experience on ‘pesticide toxicology’ having guided 29 research students and published 72 research papers in international and national journals recipient of prestigious ‘Archana Gold Medal’ by Academy of Environmental Biology, Editor and Reviewer of reputed toxicity journals and also conducted international and national conference in Acharya Nagarjuna University, AP, India.
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 60 291st OMICS International Conference International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia Young Research Forum (Day 2)
Aquaculture-2015
Page 61 Young Research Forum Day 2 July 21, 2015 Young Researcher Forum Session Judges Judge 1: Roel H Bosma, Wageningen University, Netherlands Judge 2: Niels O G Jorgensen, University of Copenhagen, Denmark Judge 3: Osman Samson, Sinop University, Turkey Session Introduction Title: Swimming performance of juvenile temperate fish in response to climate change Nastaran Mazloumi, University of Adelaide, Australia Title: Patenting genetic material in aquaculture: A red herring or an emerging issue to tackle? Fran Humphries, Griffith University, Australia Title: Potential efficacy of nanodelivery of DNA vaccine using chitosan nanoparticles against Edwardsiella tarda Sajal Kole, Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), India Title: The cultivation of red seaweed (Rhodophytes, Kappaphycus sp.) in raceway culture system Wahidatul Husna Zuldin, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia Title: Determination of the antioxidant activity of some common seaweeds in Sri Lanka Surendra Isiri Hiranyada Wickrama, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Srilanka Title: Use of vegetable waste as sole feed in the diet of rohu fingerlings (Labeo rohita) Fawad Aziz, Quaid-i-Azam University, Pakistan Title: Development of ready to serve restructured surimi product from minced meat of leather jacket (Triacanthus brevirosterus) K Hema, Tamilnadu Fisheries University, India Title: Expression profiles of two downstream signalling molecules of Toll-pathway in Tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon), Cactus and Dorsal genes in response to infection with white spot syndrome virus and Vibrio harveyi Deepika Anand, Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), India Title: Sulfated polysaccharide from Sargassum spp. in Bolinao, Pangasinan, Philippines Nieva J A, The Marine Science Institute, Malaysia Title: Mesozooplankton’s diversity and distribution between Cape Blanc (21°N) and Cape Boujdor (26°N): Moroccan Atlantic Coast Laila El Arraj, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Morocco Title: Some culture management indices affecting on great sturgeon (Huso huso) production in the Caspian sea region, I.R of Iran Elham Maghsoudloo, Sturgeon Fish Co., Iran Title: Characterization and comparison of genetic strains in Clariid species and Clarias gariepinus using microsatellite markers in the African and Aborigines regions Bashiru Ayobami Ismaila, University of Lagos, Nigeria
Aquaculture-2015 Page 62 Nastaran Mazloumi et al., J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.002
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Swimming performance of juvenile temperate fish in response to climate change Nastaran Mazloumi and B M Gillanders University of Adelaide, Australia
limate change is predicted to affect populations of marine fish through effects on swimming behavior. Warming causes impairment Cof oxygen consumption and locomotion in ectotherms. We used generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) to determine the influence of four different temperatures (16, 19, 22 and 25°C) and two different levels of salinity (30ppt and 40ppt) on critical swimming
performance (Ucrit) of juvenile King George whiting (Sillaginodes punctatus), a commercially and recreationally important temperate
fish in southern Australia. When estimated the critical swimming performance (Ucrit) of the juveniles. Differences in critU were largely explained by Salinity and increased by increasing salinity from 30 to 40ppt. Findings from the present study demonstrated that,
despite of no meaningful relationship between the Ucrit and temperature at salinity 30ppt, Ucrit was higher in 22°C, at salinity 40ppt in compare with other temperatures. Evaluating physiological responses of juvenile fish to climate change is beneficial for understanding a thermal niche of individuals and estimating their adaptation to warming.
Biography Nastaran Mazloumi was the University of Adelaide International Scholarship (ASI) holder since 2012 started the PhD at the age of 24. Graduated in bachelor of Fisheries engineering (Aquatics Ecology) and master of “Aquaculture” with experience in aquaculture engineering and fish physiology. Researched different aspects of marine and fresh water fish biology, ecology and physiology including, fish stocking and husbandry (from small to large sizes), working with different sizes of “Swim chamber respirometer” and metabolic rate measurements by “Lab chart” and “Auto-Resp” software, otolith chronology and modelling with ‘R’. She served as an expert in charge of research and process of warm water fish reproduction and culture from March 21, 2008 to June, 2011 in “Pisciculture Production Cooperative No.12 in Rasht, Iran. Authored and co-authored different articles and presented papers at domestic and international conferences.
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 63 Fran Humphries, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.002
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Patenting genetic material in aquaculture: A red herring or an emerging issue to tackle? Fran Humphries Griffith University, Australia
atents can have both a positive and negative effect on innovation in aquaculture. On the one hand they may encourage investment Pfor developing new strains. On the other hand, they may tie up genetic resources that may have otherwise been freely used by breeders or researchers. This presentation considers the role and use of patent law for protecting new strains in aquaculture from unauthorized replication. While patents are not yet as extensive in aquaculture compared with other fields, there are issues that need to be addressed from the outset to protect aquaculture’s increasingrole in global food security. A central problem for breeders is determining the extent to which progeny of self-replicating patented genetic material inventions may be controlled by the patent holder. In addressing this problem, the presentation highlights various defenses against infringement including those excusing experimental use of patented aquatic genetic material. It also explores breeding defenses and innocent bystander defenses that are emerging in agriculture but which also may have future relevance to aquaculture. The presentation concludes that as patents start to take hold in aquaculture, breeders need clarity on the circumstances in which they can make a cross with an aquatic strain that includes a patented genetic sequence or trait that is not expressed in their new strain.
Biography Fran Humphries is a PhD candidate at Griffith University researching the role of patent law defenses for sharing aquatic genetic material in aquaculture. She has worked as a Judge’s Associate, legal practitioner, policy maker, legislation drafter, mediator and law lecturer. She has developed significant policy and legislation for managing Queensland’s fisheries resources, aquaculture, agriculture and Indigenous customary fishing and has published in the area of patent law. Fran also holds a Bachelor of Arts/Laws (Honors) degree from the University of Queensland and a Master of Laws degree from Dalhousie University Canada specializing in Traditional Ecological Knowledge and the precautionary principle.
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 64 Sajal Kole et al., J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.002
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Potential efficacy of nanodelivery of DNA vaccine using chitosan nanoparticles againstEdwardsiella tarda Sajal Kole, Megha K Bedekar, K V Rajendran, Gayatri Tripathi, Rupam Sharma and M Makesh Central Institute of Fisheries Education, India
dwardsiella tarda (E. tarda) is the common pathogen which causes enormous losses in culture of commercially important fish Especies globally. Incapability of antibiotic agents to control edwardsiellosis had lead to the idea of DNA based immunization. It has been proven that the expression of an antigen or antigens from plasmid DNA (pDNA) may elicit both humoral and cellular immune responses. To improve the efficiency of the vaccine constructs against fish pathogen novel methods to deliver this DNA to fish are under investigation because vaccination through parental routes like intra muscular/intra peritoneal etc put fish into lot of stress and also practically not viable in aquaculture. Nanotechnology can be a promising intervention in increasing the effectiveness of DNA vaccines. Chitosan can be a potential candidate as a polycationic gene carrier for oral as well as immersion administration of DNA vaccines in fishes. The present study examines the potential efficacy of DNA vaccine against E. tarda through oral and immersion route using chitosan nanoparticles conjugation. The GAPDH gene of E. tarda and IFN-γ of Labeo rohita as an adjuvant was used to construct bicistronic DNA vaccine using pIRES, a eukaryotic expression vector. Expression study of the DNA construct in cell culture was conducted to check the transgene expression. The transfected SSN I cells were processed for SDS-PAGE and western blotting to see the GAPDH expression. RT-PCR was conducted using mRNA from transfected cells to check IFN-γ gene presence. The in vitro expressions of both the genes prove the potential of this particular vaccine construct. The chitosan nanoparticles were used to deliver the constructed plasmid. A significant decrease in the superoxide production, myeloperoxidase was observed in the vaccinated fish. However the total immunoglobulin level and serum lysozyme activity was raised in the immunised fishes. After vaccination L. Rohita were intraperitoneally challenged with E. tarda. A relative percent survival (RPS) rate of 8% and 75% was recorded in orally and immersion administered fishes respectively against 55% in unvaccinated fishes. The results indicate that the vaccinated rohu with chitosan-DNA construct showed high protection against experimental E. tarda infection. This study also elucidates the changes in the absolute expression of different immune genes in different tissues of L. rohita administered with the DNA construct conjugated with chitosan nanoparticles through oral and immersion route. The results are compared with the expression in naive control fishes showing significant up regulation at post vaccination and 6 hr, 12 hr and 48 hpc.
Biography Sajal Kole is currently a PhD student in Central Institute of Fisheries Education, India.
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 65 Wahidatul Husna Zuldin et al., J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.002
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
The cultivation of red seaweed (Rhodophytes, Kappaphycus species) in raceway culture system Wahidatul Husna Zuldin and Rossita Shapawi Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia
ittle is known on the performance of seaweed cultivated in land-based facilities. The present study was conducted to determine the Lperformance of Kappaphycus sp. cultivated in customized raceway culture system. Two red seaweed species (K. alvarezii variety Brown Tambalang, BT and K. striatum variety Green Flower, GF) were selected and cultivated using suspended method of seaweed cultivation. Three 40-days trials were conducted in September until December 2014. The raceway tank was equipped with continuous high water flow with the inlet flow-rate of 625 mLs-1 and outlet flow-rate of 383 mLs-1, and optimum water parameters comprised of salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO) level, pH and light intensity ranged from 30.17±0.09ppt to 31.40±0.31ppt, 30.20±0.14o C to 31.49±0.29o C, 5.43±0.09 to 5.46±0.12, 7.80±0.05 to 8.00±0.07 and 5941.72±20.54 lux to 6073.22±10.89 lux, respectively. Based on the findings, red seaweed grew in the customized raceway tank with the average daily growth rate of 2.13±0.17 % day-1 for K. striatum var. GF and 2.67±0.37 % day-1 for K. alvarezii var. BT. No fertilizers or enrichments were added during the cultivation period. In conclusion, raceway tank can be successfully used in cultivating Kappaphycus sp. These findings are significant to provide a baseline data and facilitate the land-based seaweed farming in the future.
Biography Wahidatul Husna Zuldin has completed her BSc Molecular Bioscience and Biotechnology from Rochester Institute of Technology, NY, USA at the age of 22 and Masters in Aquaculture from Universiti Malaysia Sabah at the age of 25. She has presented her research in International Conference on Marine Science and Aquaculture in 2013 and 2014. She is also the member of Asian Society of Ichthyologists after presented a paper on seahorses during Asian Fish Biodiversity Conference 2014. Indeed, she is an energetic young researcher who has keen interests in further exploring the world of aquaculture.
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 66 Surendra Isiri Hiranyada Wickrama et al., J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.002
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Determination of the antioxidant activity of some common seaweeds in Sri Lanka Surendra Isiri Hiranyada Wickrama and Edirisinghe E M R K B Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka
eaweeds are a natural resource which has become a major ingredient in some commercial food products. Seaweeds contain a Sbroad range of biological properties, including antibiotic, antiviral, antioxidant, antifouling, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and antimitotic effects. The present study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant effect of methanolic extracts of eight seaweed species commonly found in Sri Lankan coastal waters. In this study the 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-Picryl Hydrazyl (DPPH) assay was used to determine the antioxidant properties of the seaweeds. In the DPPH free radical assay, the same concentration of each extract (10,000 ppm) were prepared and mixed with DPPH methanol solution (0.1 mM) After 30 minutes of reaction time the absorbance were was measured at 517 nm using UV Visible spectrophotometer. The free radical scavenging activity was calculated and the values were plotted. These values were compared with ascorbic acid and hydroquionone as the standard antioxidants. Of the eight seaweed types, Asparagopsis taxiformis (Red Sea plume) showed the highest total antioxidant activity of 90.57 (± 0.35) % compared to other species. It exceeded the free radical scavenging activity of ascorbic acid standard 89.62 (± 0.35) %. Ulva fenestrata (Sea lettuce) is having the lowest total antioxidant activity of 26.41(± 0.59) %. The results revealed that the seaweeds commonly found in the Sri Lankan coastal water exhibit antioxidant activity.
Biography Surendra Isiri Hiranyada Wickrama currently working as a chemistry demonstrator in Department of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka. Previously she worked as a research student at the Aquatic Products Quality Control Laboratory and Analytical Chemistry Laboratory of Institute of Post Harvest Technology. Done swab tests, water and food quality analysis, histamine detection using HPLC method, salt analysis etc., also she participated in four days training programme conducted by National Aquatic Resource and Research Agency (NARA).
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 67 Fawad Aziz, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.002
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Vegetable waste as sole feed in the diet of Rohu (Labeo rohita) fingerlings Fawad Aziz Quaid-i-Azam University, Pakistan
study was conducted by using vegetable waste as sole feed in the diet of rohu (Labeo rohita) fingerlings. Vegetable waste was Acomprised of ten different vegetables, including Green gourd, Bitter gourd, Ridge gourd, Egg plant, Edible pea, Okra, Potato, Cucumber, Colocasia and Tomato. These vegetable wastes were dried, mixed and analyzed chemically. For making granules of 2 mm, 11% gelatin solution was added to it. In a trial period of one and half month, three experimental groups and one control group were maintained each containing 12 rohu (Labeo rohita) fingerlings. Control group was fed with aquarium feed while the experimental groups were fed with vegetable waste. By feeding at 1% body weight, all groups were showing negative growth, by feeding at 2% body weight, some fish started gaining weight and by feeding at 2.5% body weight, all groups started showing positive growth. It was concluded from the present study that vegetable waste cannot be used as sole feed, but it can be used as supplementary diet containing extra protein, fats and vitamin contents.
Biography Fawad Aziz is an M Phil scholar in Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan and also an Invigilator in National Testing Service of Pakistan.
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 68 K Hema et al., J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.002
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Development of ready to serve restructured surimi product from minced meat of leather jacket (Triacanthus brevirosterus) K Hema, R Jeyashakila and S A Shanmugam Tamil Nadu Fisheries University, India
ow valued finfish, (Triacanthus brevirosterus) popularly known as “white tripod” or leather jacket were used for the preparation of Lminced meat, surimi and subsequently, the restructured surimi gel products. Restructured surimi gel product was prepared using short nosed white tripod (Triacanthus brevirosterus) with egg white as additive at 1%. Heat setting was done initially at 45oC for 30 min followed by heat processing 90oC for 45 min. Restructured surimi gel in stew was standardized using four most popular recipes available in local cuisine based on the sensory acceptance and the Kerala fish stew was considered the best. Restructured surimi gel in Kerala fish stew was then heat processed in 4 ply laminated retort pouch of dimension 150x 200 mm, at 15 psi gauge pressure for
varying time duration and the Fo values ranged from 13.10 to 22.58 min. Products examined of their organoleptic and microbial qualities showed those processed with Fo value of 13.10 min was acceptable with excellent eating quality with no fishy flavor and was microbial sterile until the storage period of 6 months.
Biography K Hema is currently a PhD scholar in Department of Fish Processing Technology, Fisheries College and Research Institute of Tamil Nadu Fisheries University, India.
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 69 Deepika Anand et al., J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.002
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Expression profiles of two downstream signalling molecules of toll-pathway in tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon), cactus and dorsal genes in response to infection with white spot syndrome virus and Vibrio harveyi Deepika Anand, K Sreedharan, P Suresh Babu, Anutosh Paria, M Makesh and K V Rajendran Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), India
hrimp aquaculture industry has faced severe economic losses due to devastating diseases affecting shrimp especially white Sspot syndrome (WSSV) and vibriosis which caused massive mortality in many species of penaeid shrimp. In order to generate protection strategies against diseases, it is essential to gain better understanding of the defense system of shrimp. Innate immunity is the first-line of defense in shrimps. Previously, we characterised MyD88 and TRAF6, two innate immune genes in the Toll pathway of Penaeus monodon and studied the response of these genes against WSSV challenge both in vivo and in vitro which revealed that Toll-pathway in P. monodon responds to WSSV infection. Dorsal (NF-kappa B homolog) and Cactus (IkB homolog), two downstream signalling molecules in the Toll-pathway have been characterised from Litopenaeus vannamei and Fenneropenaeus chinensis showing varied antibacterial/antiviral response. In the present study, the temporal expression profiles of Dorsal and Cactus from tiger shrimp, P. monodon in response to white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and Vibrio harveyi was studied in post-larvae and selected tissues of juvenile of P. monodon after immersion challenge as well as upon injection in adult shrimp. Moreover, the response of these genes was also studied upon WSSV challenge in vitro in primary haemocyte cultures of P. monodon. Pm Cactus and Pm Dorsal displayed varying expression pattern in response to immersion challenge with WSSV in PL-18 and most of the tested tissues of juveniles. However, complete down-regulation of Pm Dorsal could be noticed in hepatopancreas at all time points. Upon injection, Pm Cactus expression was up-regulated in haemocytes and lymphoid organ at most of the time-points tested. Peak up-regulation was observed at 24 hours post-infection for both gill and midgut. Pm Dorsal expression was up-regulated in haemocytes and gill at all time- points. However, up-regulation was noticed only at few time-points for both lymphoid organ and midgut. PmCactus and PmDorsal showed up-regulated expression in response to WSSV at early time-points tested, 6 hours and 2 hours respectively in vitro in primary haemocyte cultures. Similarly, varied temporal expression pattern of these immune-relevant genes could be noticed upon challenge with Vibrio harveyi. The modulation of expression of these genes in response to WSSV in vivo as well as in vitro and V. harveyi in vivo suggests their possible role in immune responses in shrimp against viruses as well as bacteria.
Biography Deepika Anand is currently an PhD student in Central Institute of Fisheries Education, India.
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 70 Nieva J A et al., J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.002
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Sulfated polysaccharide from Sargassum spp. in Bolinao, Pangasinan, Philippines Nieva J A1, Gomez N C T1 and Montano M N E1 University of Philippines, Philippines
he Philippines is rich in brown macroalgae that are widely distributed across the country. Studies on macroalgal chemical Tcomposition and biological activity have not yet been established in the country. Thus, this study aims to utilize Sargassum species collected from Bolinao, Pangasinan as source of known sulfated polysaccharide, fucoidan. The study specifically aims to characterize and screen the potential antioxidant activity of fucoidan isolated from Sargassum species. Fucoidan isolation was carried out using salt-assisted extraction and anion exchange purification. Qualitative and quantitative characterization of fucoidan were conducted through turbidimetric sulfate determination, total carbohydrate content, glycosyl monosaccharide analysis, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and gas chromatography tandem with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Biological activity screening of the compound includes DPPH radical and site specific hydroxyl radical scavenging. Results from the quantitative analyses indicated that fucoidan was composed of approximately 53% sulfates and its monosaccharide units were mainly comprised of 29% fucose and galactose. Size exclusion chromatography showed that the compound has a molecular weight of 7 kDa indicating that it was a low molecular weight fucoidan. Structural analysis in FT-IR indicated the presence of significant functional units in the polysaccharide chain. Sulfate groups were described in the 1210-1220 cm-1 and 800-840 cm-1 region. The hydroxyl groups, on the other hand were indicated in the FT-IR through the broad peak at regions 3330-3430 cm-1. The fucose unit was described by the presence of a small peak at 2920-2960 cm-1 in the FT-IR region. Acetyl groups were also indicated in the regions 1600-1660 cm-1. Bioactivity screening of fucoidan indicated that it does not have the capability to inhibit bacterial and fungal growth. Antioxidant assays demonstrated that the compound has a strong antioxidant activity against DPPH but not with hydroxyl radicals. In summary, fucoidan from Sargassum species was a highly sulfated and heteropolymeric fucan chain that has a potential to be an antioxidant. To further improve the study, additional compositional, structural and bioactivity tests should be done in fucoidan. Furthermore, other bioactivities of fucoidan should also be explored.
Biography Nieva J A is currently working on Seaweed Chemistry in The Marine Science Institute, University of Philippines, Philippines.
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 71 Laila El Arraj, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.002
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Mesozooplankton’s diversity and distribution between Cape Blanc (21°N) and Cape Boujdor (26°N): Moroccan Atlantic Coast Laila El Arraj University Hassan II of Casablanca, Morocco
he purpose of this study is to attempt to explain how distributed epipelagic mesozooplankton along the South Atlantic Moroccan Tcoast is and how environmental parameters fluctuate and affect its distribution. In order to evaluate mesozooplankton’s distribution and diversity within this area, two surveys were carried out between Cape Blanc (21°N) and Cape Boujdor (26°N) during two seasons (autumn 2011 and summer 2012) hydrologically different. Referring to densities, distribution and structural indexes measured of the population, a clear difference between the south and north part of Dakhla region is noticed. The south part remains the richest and more diversified. The cluster analysis of sampled stations and the PCA performed between mesozooplankton’s densities and hydrological parameters have confirmed the same results. Actually, this area is extremely rich in both phytoplankton (primary production) and zooplankton (secondary production). The group of copepods seems to be clearly dominant in all stations sampled during both seasons, representing more than 90%.
Biography Laila El Arraj is a PhD student of 26 years old. The thesis she is preparing is about: Spatio-temporal analysis of vertical distribution of mesozooplankton in the south Atlantic Moroccan coast in relation to hydrological parameters and upwelling in this area. She has attended to many international congresses about marine science and has submitted some papers to national and international journals. She got her Master degree at the University Hassan II of Casablanca in Management and Valorization of Marine Resources in 2011.
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Page 72 Elham Maghsoudloo, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.002
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Some culture management indices affecting on great sturgeon (Huso huso) production in the Caspian Sea Region, I.R of Iran Elham Maghsoudloo Islamic Azad University, Iran
his project was carried out in this case study to determine some of culture management indices affecting great sturgeon, Huso Thuso, production on seven sturgeon farms in the Caspian Sea Region of Iran from 2005 to 2008. The indices were studied using the Cobb-Douglas Production Function. The indices such as useful area, fish size, weight gain, protein and fat percentage were at the 1% significance level, the number of fry and feed use were at the 5%, 10% significance level, respectively. Stocking density and feed conversion ratio were non-significant. In this regards to elasticity obtained for per variable, useful area and fish size have elasticity>1 and feed use has elasticity<1. Also the productivity per unit (kg/m2) for four farms is less than the standard levels in semi-intensive systems and only in three farms, its productivity is in according to standard level in 2008. On average, every farm with 2,200 m2 of culture useful area and 6,604 pieces of fish has produced 37.37 tons (17.04 kg/m2) great sturgeon in 2008.
Biography Elham Maghsoudloo completed her Bachelor’s degree in Fishing and Fisheries Sciences and Management at Isfahan University of Technology and also completed her master’s degree in Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran.
[email protected] [email protected]
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Page 73 Bashiru Ayobami Ismaila, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.002
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Characterization and comparison of genetic strains in clariid species and Clarias gariepinus using microsatellite markers in the African and Aborigines regions Bashiru Ayobami Ismaila University of Lagos, Nigeria
his study is proposed to examine the population structure and genetic distance between two species: Clariid species and Clarias Tgariepinus using microsatellite markers comparing from the Africa and aborigines region. Genetic strains of 20 domesticated samples of both species were characterized with four microsatellite markers. 95% of the samples amplified upon PCR amplification and 44.3% of the total alleles observed for all the loci were heterozygote. Analysis showed that all the four loci were polymorphic for all the samples, observed and expected heterozygosity had mean values of 0.4438±0.1116 and 0.9025±0.0211 respectively.
Biography Bashiru Ayobami Ismaila is a postgraduate student from the Faculty of Aquaculture and Fisheries and presently working on the topic: ‘’Characterization and comparison of genetic strains in clariid species and Clarias gariepinus using microsatellite markers in the African and Aborigines regions’’.
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Page 74 291st OMICS International Conference International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia Special Session on Aquaculture Law and Policy (Day 3)
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Page 75 Special Session on Aquaculture Law and Policy Day 3 July 22, 2015 Session Introduction Chair: David Vander Zwaag, Dalhousie University, Canada Co-chair: Katherine Hawes, Aquarius Lawyers, Australia Session Introduction Title: Towards sustainable aquaculture: Navigating international law and policy currents David L Vander Zwaag, Dalhousie University, Canada Title: Legal issues affecting offshore aquaculture development Katherine Hawes, Aquarius Lawyers, Australia Title: Australian aquaculture governance Marcus Haward, University of Tasmania, Australia Title: New Zealand’s aquaculture law and policy framework Karen N Scott, University of Canterbury, New Zealand Title: Regional governance of the relation between aquaculture and wild salmon in the north Atlantic Irene Dahl, Artic University of Norway, Norway Title: Governance of aquaculture in Canada: Regulation, property rights and constitutional impediments Phillip Saunders Q C, Dalhousie University, Canada
Aquaculture-2015 Page 76 David L Vander Zwaag, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.002
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Towards sustainable aquaculture: Navigating international law and policy currents David L Vander Zwaag Dalhousie University, Canada
his presentation will highlight three main international law and policy “current systems” that set courses for achieving sustainable Taquaculture operations around the globe. First, key provisions of the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea will be described. The Convention grants coastal States jurisdictional rights over aquaculture developments within national zones of jurisdiction, including 200 nautical mile exclusive economic zones, but also imposes environmental responsibilities, such as the fundamental duty to protect and preserve the marine environment. Second, the role of international environmental law agreements in setting directions for the management of aquaculture will be reviewed with the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) being central. For example, the CBD’s Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 includes a target (target 7) for managing aquaculture areas sustainably by 2020 in order to ensure the conservation of biodiversity. A CBD technical report on solutions for sustainable aquaculture, published in 2004, suggests best practices including avoiding the use of non-native species and encouraging the culture of different species together (polyculture). A third source of international guidance for aquaculture is documents emanating from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The implications of the FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries for aquaculture will be emphasized along with key FAO technical guidelines applicable to aquaculture calling for precautionary and ecosystem approaches.
Biography David L Vander Zwaag is Professor of Law and Canada Research Chair in Ocean Law and Governance at the Marine & Environmental Law Institute, Dalhousie University. He is a member of the IUCN’s World Commission on Environmental Law (WCEL) and co-chairs the WCEL Specialist Group on Oceans, Coasts and Coral Reefs. He has published over 150 papers in the marine and environmental law field. His co-edited book publications include, among others, Polar Oceans Governance in an Era of Environmental Change and Aquaculture Law and Policy: Towards Principled Access and Operations.
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Page 77 Katherine Hawes, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.002
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Legal issues affecting offshore aquaculture development Katherine Hawes Aquarius Lawyers, Australia
he concept that the ocean is ‘there for all to take’ (Hugo Grotius) has been the legal framework for the management of ocean Tresources since the 1600’s. This lack of governance of the ocean environment is continuing to influence present day legal developments and the implementation of an effective ocean policy. Unfortunately, marine aquaculture operates in a very crowded ocean environment with many conflicts from its neighbors’ including: • Navigation lanes have to be kept clear of obstructions • Conflicts between traditional fishing and fish farms for space • Recreational fishing when close to coastal areas • Tourism – views of cages and structures from hotel windows • Marine aquaculture is affected by two main international regimes of law: The Law of the Sea: The Law of the sea aims to establish legal order for the peaceful use of the seas and oceans with the equitable use of their resources, along with the conservation of living resources and protection and preservation of the marine environment. The aim of the convention was to allow exploitation but also have a framework for protection. International environmental law: The law of the Sea did not include matters of conservation, hence the introduction of international conventions relating to environmental issues. Interestingly, Aquaculture was not outlined in the convention, as the topic was not recognized a being of international significance! The law of the Sea (LOS) regime assisting in settling disputes about the extent of coastal states to claim sovereignty over the ocean waters. The convention divided the oceans into several jurisdictional zones which are subject to different legal regimes – the territorial sea, the exclusive economic zone (EEZ), the continental shelf and the high seas. For the purpose of this article, they will focus on the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) as this is the area in which marine aquaculture will take place in the future. There are a growing number international environmental regimes and conventions that may affect the development of offshore aquaculture. However at present there is no UN legal instrument dealing with aquaculture. Aquaculture is an activity that has remarkable potential for human benefit. Let’s not let this opportunity to provide a legal framework to development get away.
Biography Katherine Hawes ‘The Fish Lawyer’ is the founder and principle solicitor of Aquarius Lawyers. With over 20 years’ legal and business experience, her expertise lies in advising and representing organizations and businesses on issues pertaining to the marine environment. This includes aquaculture, marine and fisheries law, maritime security and marine resources management. She aims to keep readers up to date with national and international legal issues affecting the marine world with her newsletter ‘The Fish Report’. In addition to having a Masters in Maritime Law, she also lectures on Corporations and Business Law to both undergraduates and postgraduate students at various tertiary institutions including the University of Technology. She also lectures on International Fishery Law at the University of Wollongong. She is also the founder of Aquarius Education which offers a wide range of education programs including Maritime Law and Contract Law fundamentals for non-lawyers. She was also regularly asked to speak at large international events. During 2013, she successful delivered a paper at the International ‘Fisheries Observer and Monitoring Conference in Chile, “Keeping it Legal” to the American Fisheries Society (September- 2013), and is booked to deliver ‘Legal issues affecting offshore aquaculture development” at the Asia Pacific Aquaculture Conference in Vietnam (December- 2013).
[email protected] [email protected]
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Page 78 Marcus Haward, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.002
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Australian aquaculture governance Marcus Haward University of Tasmania, Australia
arine aquaculture is a major element of Australian fisheries production. The sector has undergone major development and Mchange over the past two decades. Aquaculture operations in Australia include salmonids and other important market species of tuna, oysters, and prawns. A number of other species are also farmed. In 2011-12 the aquaculture of salmonid species (Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and Brown trout (Salmo trutta) was Australia’s largest catch by production (43, 989 tonnes) and by value ($513 million). Given Australia’s federal division of powers a vast majority of aquaculture operations located with state waters and governed by state and local government legislation and by-laws. The Australian (national) government is also involved through sustainability assessments, quarantine and bio-security, food quality and safety, and environmental management. Community engagement is centred on an increasing focus on social acceptability/social license relating to aquaculture operations. A further element is the development of industry based codes of practice and moves to seek external third party accreditation of their operations. This paper examines aquaculture governance in Australia, highlighting the importance of the interaction between government, industry and community.
Biography Marcus Haward is a political scientist specialising in oceans and Antarctic governance and marine resources management at the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania. He has over 150 research publications, and his books include Oceans Governance in the Twenty-first Century: Managing the Blue Planet (with Joanna Vince) Edward Elgar 2008; and Global Commodity Governance: State Responses to Sustainable Forest and Fisheries Certification (with Fred Gale) Palgrave Macmillan, 2011. He is editor of the Australian Journal of Maritime and Oceans Affairs published by Taylor & Francis.
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Page 79 Karen Scott, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.002
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Aquaculture law and policy reform in New Zealand Karen Scott University of Canterbury, New Zealand
quaculture is the fastest growing agricultural sector in New Zealand and the industry target supported by the New Zealand Agovernment is to more than double its size to NZ $1 billion by 2025. In contrast to most other global regions the New Zealand aquaculture industry is relatively clean and green with manageable environmental impacts although this largely results from its relatively small size. The industry has however come into conflict with local communities and authorities with respect to the utilization of coastal space and the impact of activities on areas deemed to be of outstanding natural beauty. Aquaculture has been subject to regular and radical reform over the last decade in order to try to respond to the aims to expand the industry and to manage spatial and environmental conflicts. This paper will examine the current regulatory environment for aquaculture in light of those reforms and the various policy aims including the dispute over ownership of the New Zealand foreshore and seabed. The paper will explore these issues through a case study on salmon farming in the Marlborough Sounds which resulted in two important Supreme Court decisions in 2014 and led to a significant change in approach to selected principles set out in the 2010 New Zealand Coastal Policy Statement. The paper will conclude suggestions and observations with respect to the future management of aquaculture in New Zealand.
Biography Karen Scott is a Professor in Law at the University of Canterbury, New Zealand. She researches and teaches in the areas of the law of the sea, international environmental law and Antarctic law and policy. She has over 50 research articles and book chapters in these areas and is the Co-Editor of Rothwell, Oude Elferink, Scott and Stephens; The Oxford Handbook on the Law of the Sea (OUP 2015). She is currently undertaking a Research Project focusing on Oceans Governance in New Zealand funded by the New Zealand Law Foundation. She is currently the Vice-President of the Australian and New Zealand Society of International Law (ANZSIL).
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Page 80 Irene Dahl, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.002
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Regional governance of the relation between aquaculture and wild salmon in the North Atlantic Irene Dahl Arctic University of Norway, Norway
arine aquaculture is a major element of fisheries production in Northern Atlantic countries; in Norway the realized amount Mof farmed fish in 2013 had a value of 40 billion NOK. It is an expressed aim that the sector shall increase. The Norwegian Government initiated a consultation procedure in June 2014 with time limit for comments 6 January, 2015. The main content in the legal amendment is permission for established actors to increase maximum allowable biomass within licences for salmon, trout and rainbow trout with 5%. Several of the bodies entitled to comment are not implicit positive to such an increase. The Norwegian Food Safety Authority advises against a permanent increase of the production capacity before the industry has better control with the situation of salmon louse. On the contrary, 15 December, 2015 the authority announces that it withdraws the license for a portion of the production of several facilities, on the reasons of significant amount of louse. The salmon louse is a native parasite on wild salmon, and it falls of after short time in freshwater. However, if the amount of louse on one unit increases, the skin will suffer from sores that may result in other organisms of infection. The problem with escaping salmon from net cages contributes to a further escalating of the distribution of louse. In a recent research report, the Norwegian Institute of Marine Research concludes that the Alta fjord in Finnmark (a national salmon fjord) is under an increasing pressure from salmon louse. The increase was significant in areas with aquaculture. The report contains several similar cases. The paper examines to what extent existing international legal framework, especially within the North Atlantic Salmon Conservation Organization (NASCO), deals with the conflict between the aim of constant more food resources from aquaculture and the aim of conservation of the wild salmon.
Biography Irene Dahl is an Associate Professor with PhD (2009) from the Faculty of Law, University of Tromsø. She graduated in 1996 and has worked at the Faculty since then, now at the K.G. Jebsen Centre for the Law of the Sea. She has done research on Norwegian fisheries law and international fisheries law. Her PhD thesis was about Norwegian fisheries jurisdiction over foreign fishing vessels. Articles from 2014 that may be mentioned are “Maritime delimitation in the Arctic: Implications on Fisheries Jurisdiction and Cooperation in the Barents Sea”, under publication in International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law and “Fisheries Cooperation between Norway and Russia in the Barents Sea”, under publication in a Marsafnet editorial book project. Together with David Vanderzwaag and Nigel Bankes, she constitutes the organizing committee for the editorial book project “Aquaculture Law and Policy: Global, Regional and National Perspectives”, after which agreement with Edward Elgar Publishing Limited will be published in 2015.
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Page 81 Phillip Saunders Q C, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.002
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Governance of aquaculture in Canada: Regulation, property rights and constitutional impediments Phillip Saunders Q C Dalhousie University, Canada
he governance of marine aquaculture in Canada takes place in the context of a federal system in which some elements of the Tconstitutional jurisdiction relevant to aquaculture management rest with federal authorities, and others with the provincial (or possibly territorial) governments. In addition, constitutionally protected interests of aboriginal people – both potential title to marine space and mandatory consultation duties – are overlaid on the federal-provincial division. For many years the dominant approach to the regulation of the industry (with some exceptions) has been through effective devolution of authority over licensing and tenurial rights to provincial authorities, but this system was inherently vulnerable to challenge, and arguably provided incomplete protection of leasehold rights over aquaculture facilities, and created a patchwork system of regulation across the country. In 2010 a successful constitutional challenge in British Columbia forced the federal government to assume greater control over licensing of aquaculture, but to date this has not been applied in other provinces. This paper considers the implications of the confused and varied legal structures currently in place for the implementation of important governance principles, including precaution, integration and transparency. In addition, the pros and cons of a greater federal role, and the form it might take, are assessed in the light of the experience post-2010 in British Columbia.
Biography Phillip Saunders Q C is an Associate Professor in Schulich School of Law at Dalhousie University. He was Dean of Law from 2005-2010 and Cross-appointed to the School for Resource and Environmental Studies. He has teaching and research interests in international marine and environmental law, maritime boundary delimitation and fisheries law. Formerly with the International Centre for Ocean Development as Senior Policy Advisor and Field Representative, South Pacific and has advised states on matters of international law and law of the sea in the South Pacific, the Caribbean, the Indian Ocean, Southern Africa, Southeast Asia, South Asia, Central America and Russia. He also acted as Counsel for Nova Scotia in the arbitration of the boundary between the offshore areas of Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and as Commissioner for the Canada-Nova Scotia review of the Deep Panuke offshore project. Co-general Editor and Co-author of International Law, Chiefly as Interpreted and Applied in Canada (8th ed., 2014).
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Page 82 291st OMICS International Conference International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia Scientific Tracks & Abstracts (Day 3)
Aquaculture-2015
Page 83 Track 6, 11, & 12 Day 3 July 22, 2015 Track 6: Aquaculture Related Diseases and Health Management Track 11: Ethical and Emerging Isuues in Aquaculture Development Track 12: Aquaculture Environment Interactions – Measuring, Modelling and Mitigation Session Chair Session Co-chair Chaoshu Zeng Prathapachandra Shetty James Cook University, Australia Emirates Star Fisheries, UAE Session Introduction Title: Deciphering the epidemiology of three Myxozoan parasites (Myxosporea: Myxobolidae) isolated from wild African sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus Hany M R Abdel Latif, Alexandria University, Eygpt Title: Possibility of disease control by ambient dissolved oxygen level Masashi Maita, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Japan Title: Novel media for the culture of the salmonid pathogen Piscirickettsia salmonis and their biotechnological uses in the salmon industry Alejandro J Yáñez Cárcamo, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile Title: Designing indonesia fish logistics system with based on central Sulawesi resource Mohammad Nofal, Tadulako University, Indonesia Title: Assessment of some plant products for the control of smoked fish pest, Dermestes maculatus degeer (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) in Clariasgariepinus burchell (Pisces: Clariidae) Felix Olusegun Akinwumi, Adekunle Ajasin University, Nigeria Title: Comparative transcriptomic studies on food intake regulation in mandarin fish and grass carp Xu-Fang Liang, Huazhong Agricultural University, China Title: Microbial load of fresh water snail (Pila ovata) from Nembe Creek, Niger delta, Nigeria Akise O G, Federal University, Nigeria Title: Effect of water temperature management on the hatching rate and larvae production of white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannami) in shrimp hatcheries of Sistan & Baluchistan province, South-east of Iran Javad Ghasemzadeh, Chabahar Maritime University, Iran Title: The improvement of intensive culture system technology on Mud crab using different dosage of artificial feeds on lipid source of the growth and survival rate" Istiyanto Samidjan, Diponegoro University, Indonesia Title: Iran seafood marketing challenges Alizadeh Babataher, Fisheries & Co., Iran
Aquaculture-2015 Page 84 Hany M R Abdel-Latif, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.002
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Deciphering the epidemiology of three myxozoan parasites (Myxosporea: Myxobolidae) firstly isolated from wild sharp tooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus, Behera Governorate (Egypt) Hany M R Abdel-Latif Alexandria University, Egypt
yxosporeans are common parasites of fish world-wide, which cause serious damage to economically important freshwater and Mmarine fish species. During a recent investigation of parasites infecting fishes inhabiting different Canals at Behera governorate (Egypt), a total of one hundred and fifty sharp tooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Siluriformes: Clariidae) were examined for the presence of myxozoan infections. The clinical signs, postmortem lesions and parasitological examinations were investigated. The infected fish were off food and had respiratory manifestations, sluggish swimming, and congestion of the gills as well as the presence of cyst like structures on the gill filaments, in the cartilage of the accessory breathing organ in some fish and in the ovaries of others. Parasitological examinations revealed great numbers of spores in the milky fluid inside the cysts, which identified the presence of two species of the genus Henneguya; plasmodia of H. branchialis and H. Fusiformis in the gills and accessory respiratory organ and one species of the genus Myxobolus; plasmodia of M. Gariepinus in the ovaries. The prevalence of Myxosporeans revealed that 25% of the examined fish were infected with Henneguya species and 16.67% were infected with Myxobolus species. It was also noted that the highest rate of infestation was found in spring season and in female specimens more than males. The results of this study demonstrate that the isolated Myxozoans were firstly isolated from wild sharp tooth catfish at Behera governorate, Egypt and they causes physical damage in gills, accessory respiratory organs and ovaries which make the infected fish unmarketable and ineligible for human consumption.
Biography Hany M R Abdel-Latif is a Lecturer of Fish Disease in Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt.
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Page 85 Masashi Maita, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.002
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Possibility of disease control by ambient dissolved oxygen level Masashi Maita Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Japan
quaculture has continuously contained a potential risk of hypoxia. Because of this background, many studies on respiration Aand circulatory function of fish at hypoxic environment have been reported to date. Hypoxia influences the mortality of yellow tail infected with Enterococcus seriolicida. These findings suggest that exposing fish to hypoxia around the minimum requirement of environmental oxygen for long term may lead to a decrease in disease resistance in fish farming. Although studies on respiration and circulatory function at environmental oxygen below minimum requirement on fish have been reported, the immunological effect of environmental oxygen around the minimum requirement is unclear. Here, we examined the in vitro functions of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) leukocytes at environmental oxygen around the minimum requirement. Reactive oxygen generation and antibacterial activity of leukocyte cultured in low dissolved oxygen medium were decreased. The partial pressure of venous
oxygen (PvO2) of fish was decreased during hypoxia but it was quickly recovered by increasing of dissolved oxygen in environmental water. Furthermore, the mortality due to the experimental challenge with Vibrio anguillarum was reduced by expanding the ambient dissolved oxygen level. These results suggest that hypoxia around the minimum requirement of environmental oxygen adversely
affects the functions of fish leukocytes. Our results also suggest that artificially increasing the 2PvO can prevent fish from bacterial infectious diseases in aquaculture.
Biography Masashi Maita is involved in research in fish physiology and pharmacology. He began to work at Tokyo University of Fisheries in 1991. There, he obtained his PhD in 1997 for the Diagnostic Study of Clinical Biochemistry in Aquaculture Fish. He was promoted to Professor at Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology in 2008. He has been involved in studies on fish health management, risk management of aquaculture products due to harmful chemicals and risk assessment of chemicals in fish.
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 86 Alejandro J Yáñez Cárcamo et al., J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.002
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Novel media for the culture of the salmonid pathogen Piscirickettsia salmonis and their biotechnological uses in the salmon industry Alejandro J Yáñez Cárcamo1,2, Alex Romero1,2, Ruben Avendaño-Herrera1,3, Jaime Figueroa1,2 and Juan G Carcamo1,2 1Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile 2Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Chile 3Universidad Andres Bello, Chile
iscirickettsia salmonis is a facultative intracellular Gram-negative bacterium isolated from salmonids in Chile and constitutes one Pof the main problems in farmed salmonids and marine fish around the world. The use of artificial media represents an alternative to diminish the cost of cell lines and reduces contamination problems. Recently, we have developed the first broth media and two new solid blood-free media termed Astral SRS-Broth and Austral-TSFe agar and Austral-TSHem agar. These novel media have shown to be proper for the bacterial isolation and routine culture in the laboratory. Moreover, the data obtained with AUSTRAL-SRS broth indicate that this medium can be successfully used in susceptibility tests of P. s almoni s isolates and the CLSI accept and indicate this media in the new guideline edition 2014. The in vitro drug susceptibility tests contribute to an understanding of the pharmacokinetic data in fish as well as evaluate the drug resistance of this pathogen. Indeed, the genome sequencing of a highly pathogenic strain AUS005 let us to study the expression levels of several multi drug resistance pumps. Finally, the purification immunogenic protein obtained from P. s almoni s provides a suitable platform to simplify the preparation of a new class of low-cost vaccine that shown high rate of protection. These new biotechnological tools will help salmon producers to take treatment decisions and control the disease.
Biography Alejandro J Yáñez Cárcamo has completed his PhD at the age of 32 years from Universidad Austral de Chile University and Doctoral studies from UMKC, USA. He is the Director of Austral Omics, a service organization that provides a transversal solution to the researchers. He has published more than 60 papers in reputed journals contributing to the knowledge of metabolism and applied microbiology.
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 87 Mohammad Nofal, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.002
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Designing Indonesia fish logistics system with based on central Sulawesi esourcer Mohammad Nofal Tadulako University, Indonesia
his study aims to design an efficient Indonesia fish logistics system based on Central Sulawesi Resources include Palu, Donggala, TToli-toli, Buol, Parigi Moutong, Poso, Tojo Una-Una, Banggai, Banggai Kepulauan, Banggai Laut, and Morowali. Integrating the data of logistics in the integer specified model, the result of our model depicts the minimum cost of fish logistics system. Based on our optimization result, all hubs in Central Sulawesi can supply fish commodity to the headquarter of industry in Java and Bali Island. In addition, the model for national fish logistics system in the region of Central Sulawesi Province as follow: 1. The fish comodity for Banggai laut hub should be supplied by different source locations, as an example, Banggai Kepulauan District dan Banggai Laut District, 2. The fish commodity for Luwuk hub should be supplied by certain source locations, such as, Banggai Kepulauan District, Banggai Laut District, Tojo Una-Una District and Banggai District, 3. The fish commodity for Palu (Pantoloan hub should be supplied by several source locations, for example, Donggala District, Parigi Moutong District, Poso District and Morowali District, and 4. The fish commodity for Tolitoli (Ogotua hub) should be supplied by two source locations, for instance, Buol District and Tolitoli District. As an initial study, the further study is important to connect Indonesia fish logistics system to international network especially Asia and Australia region.
Biography Mohammad Nofal has completed his PhD at the age of 30 years from Ecole Superieure des Affaires, Universite Pierre Mendes France. He is senior researcher in Fishery Business. Currently, he is conducting Research on Fishery Logistics in Indonesia to accelerate Indonesia’s economy.
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 88 Felix Olusegun Akinwumi, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.002
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Assessment of some plant products for the control of smoked fish pest,Dermestes maculatus Degeer (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) in Clarias gariepinus Burchell (Pisces: Clariidae) Felix Olusegun Akinwumi Adekunle Ajasin University, Nigeria
ppropriate post-harvest management strategies are critical in sustainable fish production in the tropics. One of such approaches Ais the control of insect pest infestation, which is a major factor for the economic loss of smoked fishery products in the tropics. The use of synthesized insecticides is hampered by high cost of purchase, health concerns and right application. In this study, the efficacies of the powders of four locally available and inexpensive plant materials, namely: Dennettia tripetala Baker, Eugenia aromatica Hook, Monodora myristica (Dunal) and Piper guineense (Schum and Thonn) at 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 g/100 g smoked Clarias gariepinus Burchell were evaluated for the control of the dermestid beetle, Dermestes maculatus. Each of the four plant powders caused significantly high (P<0.05) mortality in both the adults and larvae of the fish beetle at all concentrations when compared to the control and was effective in inhibiting progeny development in the treated fish. The four plant materials could play a major role in protecting one of the commercially important fish species in the tropics and thereby prevent smoked fish losses, improve income generation, enhance the health and socio-economic status of fish consumers and processors.
Biography Felix Olusegun Akinwumi holds a Ph.D in Post-Harvest Fish Technology and is currently an Associate Professor in the Department of Environmental Biology and Fisheries, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria. He has acquired a considerable experience in research, teaching and administration at the University level. His research activities are concerned mainly with the strategies that will enhance the preservation of the quality and quantity of the fish after its harvest. He has conducted substantial research studies that have elicited interests in the control of smoked fish pests using safe natural insecticides. His research activities also involve theadoptionof the appropriate fish processing techniques and storage materials that will enhance the shelf life of the processed fish and thus present an organoleptically acceptable and economically profitable stored fish.
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 89 Xu-Fang Liang et al., J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.002
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Comparative transcriptomic studies on food intake regulation in mandarinfish and grass carp Xu-Fang Liang, Shan He and Ling Li Huazhong Agricultural University, China
lthough several genes were shown to be involved in the determination of food preference, very little is currently known about Atranscriptome determining the unique food preference such as live prey in mandarinfish and food habit transition in grass carp. Mandarinfish accept only live prey fish refusing dead prey fish or artificial diets. Using transcriptome sequencing, we found 1,986 uni-genes to be differentially expressed between dead prey fish feeders and non feeders. The acquisition of novel food preference (dead prey fish) might be due to genes related to enhance visual ability, resetting of circadian phase, appetite control and deficiency in memory retention as well as more abundant variant alleles. Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) is an ecologically appealing model of vertebrate herbivore. Grass carp goes through a transition from carnivores to herbivores during its life cycle. However, little is currently known about genes determining the food habit transition and how they could achieve higher growth rates on plant materials which have a relatively poor nutritional quality. We showed that grass carp fed with duckweed (modeling fish after food habit transition) had significantly higher relative length of gut than fish before food habit transition or those fed with chironomidae larvae (fish without transition). Using transcriptome sequencing, we identified 10,184 differentially expressed genes between grass carp before and after transition in brain, liver and gut. We suggest that the food habit transition from carnivores to herbivores in grass carp might be due to genes related to enhanced gut growth, increased appetite, resetting of circadian phase and enhanced digestion and metabolism. We also found extensive alternative splicing and novel transcript accompanying food habit transition. Elucidating the genes regulating these unique food preference including the live prey in mandarin fish as carnivorous fish and the food habit transition from carnivores to herbivores in grass carp as herbivorous fish could lead to a better understanding of mechanisms controlling food habit promoting the intake and utilization of feedstuff in fish increasing the replacement of animal protein by plant protein in animal feed and decreasing the cost of cultivation and the pollution of the environment.
Biography Xu-Fang Liang is Professor in College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, China.
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 90 Akise O G et al., J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.002
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Microbial load of fresh water snail (Pila ovata) from Nembe creek, Niger delta, Nigeria Akise O G2, Ehigiator F A R1, Eyong M M3 and Jonah A A1 1Agriculture University of Benin, Nigeria 2Federal University Wukari, Nigeria 3Western Delta University, Nigeria
icrobiological assessment of one of the most common aquatic mollusc in the Niger Delta, Pila ovata was carried out. Fresh Msamples were collected from three locations from March to May. The samples were analyzed using microbiological techniques. The total viable count varied between 9.2×107 cfu/g and 9.5×107 cfu/g. The mean heterotrophic count for bacterial varied between 1.1×106 cfu/g to 6.3×107 cfu/g and mean heterotrophic fungi count varied between 2.7×105 cfu/g to 3.9×106 cfu/g. However, no significant differences (P>0.05) was observed in the microbial counts between samples from the different locations. A total of 50 isolates characterized as Proteus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Serratia, Vibro, Samonella, Nesseria, Actinectobacter, Citrobacter, Yersinia, Mycobacterium, Enterobacter, Providencia, Bacillus, Shigella, Aspergillus, Botrytis, Cladosporium, Cryptomonas, Curvularia, Fusarium, Geotrichum, Helminthosporium, Mucor, Neurospora, Penicillium, Rhodotorula, Trichodema and Yeast, were isolated from the freshwater snails. Proteus, E. coli, Klebsiella, and Streptococcus 9(4.9%) were the most predominant bacteria species followed by Pseudomonas, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus and Serratia 8 (4.3%), Vibro 7( 3.8%), Salmonella 6 (3.2%), Nesseria 4 (2.1%), Actinetobacter, Citrobacter and Yersinia 3 (1.61%), Mycobacterium, Enterobacter and Providencia 2 (1.1%), Bacillus and Shigella 1 (0.54%). Aspergillus 28 (15.0%) was the most predominant fungi species, followed by Penicillium 16 (8.6%), Mucor 8 (4.3%), Cryptomonas, Rhodotorula and Trichodema 5 (2.7%), Cladosporium 4 (2.2%), Botrytis and Yeast 3 (1.6%), Curvularia, Helminthosporium and Neurospora 1 (0.6%). The study revealed that freshwater snails (Pila ovata) samples from Nembe Creek, Niger Delta of Nigeria are heavily contaminated with diverse microorganisms and exceeded the acceptable standard limit for food recommended by FAO/WHO, making them unfit for human consumption. The higher concentration of these micro organisms on the River bank is suspected to be due to lots of activities carried out including disposal of faecal matters and untreated sewage. Consequently, Pila ovata from Nembe Creek, Niger delta are unfit for human consumption.
Biography Akise O G is working in the Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science in Federal University Wukari, Nigeria.
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 91 Javad Ghasemzadeh et al., J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.002
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Effect of water temperature management on the hatching rate and larvae production of white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannami) in shrimp hatcheries of Sistan & Baluchistan province, south-east of Iran Javad Ghasemzadeh1 and Hamid Reza Nasiri2 1Chabahar Maritime University, Iran 2Iranian Fisheries Research Organisation, Iran
ubsequent to the outbreak of white spot syndrome (WSS) in the water shrimp farming complex along the Oman Sea in 2008, the SIranian aquaculture administration authorities replaced the cultured endemic species of Indian white shrimp (Fenneropenaeus indicus) with the more resistant species of White leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannami). To supply the required post larvae, cohorts of quarantine brood-stocks of Litopenaeus vannami were transferred from Golestan province to the shrimp hatcheries of Baluchistan. Although these hatcheries hired experienced foreign technicians coming from prominent countries in shrimp culture such as India, Indonesia, the Philippines and Thailand, the number and quality of nauplii produced by them differed significantly. Based on our past years experiences of such outcomes we decided to investigate this discrepancy by monitoring their work and scrutinising different techniques and factors implemented and controlled by these technicians and relate them to their outcomes. The results revealed that the temperature at which brood-stocks are kept in the course of propagation was critical in the number and quality of Nauplius obtained. Best results achieved within the temperature range of 26-28°C with an average of 27°C. Hatcheries in which temperature kept between 29-31°C (average 30°C) produced medium to weak number of nauplii and those with temperature varied between 31- 34°C failed to produce any nauplii.
Biography Javad Ghasemzadeh is an Assistant Professor in Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Sciences of Chabahar Maritime University, Iran.
[email protected] [email protected]
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 92 Istiyanto Samidjan, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.002
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
The improvement of intensive culture system technology on Mud crab using different dosage of artificial feeds on lipid source of the growth and survival rate Istiyanto Samidjan Diponegoro University, Indonesia
ud crab (Scylla paramamosain) is one of important export commodity and valuable edible crabs in the market. The feeding Mtechnology implemented by farmer was remained simple. One of those principles was by implementing proper feeding of different dosage and lipid source on the growth and survival rate. The objectives of the research were the effect of different dosage source of lipid oil on the growth and survival rate of Mud crab (S. paramamosain) under technology of battery system conditions. The research used 180 mature mud crabs (S. paramamosain) and plastic cage with 30×30×20 cm measurement captured in the Petebon waters. The initial weight of those crabs was 143.3±2.5 g. The experiment used Completely Random Design as follows treatment were applied with 4 treatments and 3 replications those were 1% feed biomass per day (A), 3% feed biomass per day (B), 5% feed biomass per day (C) and 7% feed biomass per day (D). The feeding was conducted twice a day (morning and afternoon). Data collection consisted of the growth, survival rate and water quality (i.e., Temperature, pH, DO, Salinity, Ammonia and Nitrite). Data was analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan Test and water quality used descriptive analysis. The result showed that application of artificial feed were significant effect (P<0.05) to the growth, survival rate and was highly significant in influencing the FCR, PER and NPU (P<0.01). Treatment B (3% feed biomass per day is the best treatment. It is giving the highest growth that is 57.93±1.68 g, survival rate (83.33±5.77%), FCR (1.08±0.03), PER (45.94±0.30), NPU (34.7167±3.163), moulting (3.90%). In general water quality of the rearing of mud crab used for the study is still within a good range for growth and survival rate of mud crab.
Biography Istiyanto Samidjan is a Senior Lecturer of Fisheries and Marine Science Faculty, Diponegoro University, Indonesia.
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
Page 93 Alizadeh Babataher, J Aquac Res Development 2015, 6:6 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.S1.002
International Conference on Aquaculture & Fisheries July 20-22, 2015 Brisbane, Australia
Iran seafood marketing challenges Alizadeh Babataher Iran Fisheries Export Development Fund, Iran
ne of the biggest problems of our seafood market is that it has its own traditional form and nowadays this form is not acceptable Oby majority of the seafood consumers concerning different sanitary points. This form of market cannot afford the increasing needs of society for seafood consumption. Another problem is in keeping and storing seafood for a long term. Marketing mechanism in this market is low and it cannot follow speed and huge completion. The effects of this form have a negative result on prices; increasing the prices of seafood. Such form of market results in developing unhygienic form of seafood retailers around the society. The solution to this is respecting organization for systematic controlling of seafood quality and for this the Iran government developed new policies as: • Studying advanced seafood market in USA, Europe such as Spain seafood market like Mercamadrid and Mercabarna and Japan. • Exploiting other advanced seafood markets in the world. • Organizing whole seafood markets in Iran for seafood market modernizing. • Building several advanced seafood markets in Iran and developing and renewing other traditional seafood markets.
Biography Alizadeh Babataher is President for Iran Fisheries Export Development Fund and Iran Fisheries Export Development Fund, Iran.
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J Aquac Res Development Volume 6, Issue 6 ISSN: 2155-9546 JARD, an open access journal Aquaculture-2015 July 20-22, 2015
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