DOCSLIB.ORG

Economic Evaluation of Multi Purpose Tree Species in Degraded Lands of Karnataka

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Economic Evaluation of Multi Purpose Tree Species in Degraded Lands of Karnataka IJ International Journal of Forestry and Crop Improvement FC I Volume 7 | Issue 1 | June, 2016 | 35-40 | Visit us : www.researchjournal.co.in e ISSN-2230-9411 RESEARCH ARTICLE DOI: 10.15740/HAS/IJFCI/7.1/35-40 Economic evaluation of multi purpose tree species in degraded lands of Karnataka S.M. MUTANAL, H.Y. PATIL AND M.V. MOKASHI ABSTRACT : A field experiment was conducted to know the economically viable trees on degraded lands at MARS, UAS, Dharwad under rainfed conditions. Nine trees viz., Eucalyptus tereticornis, Tectona grandis, Dalbergia sissoo, Anogeissus latifolia, Albizia lebbeck, Grevillea robusta, Hardwickia binnata, Acacia nilitica and Azadirachta indica were planted at 2 x 2m with three replications in Randomized Block Design. Among the tree species, total biomass was higher in Albizia lebbeck followed by Eucalyptus tereticornis and Grevillea robusta. Soil physical properties like bulk density significantly decreased in Dalbergia sissoo, Anogeissus latifolia, Albizia lebbeck and Hardwickia binnata. Trees have reduced pH of soil compared to open conditions. The available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were higher in soil grown with tree canopy of Albizia lebbeck, Hardwickia binnata and Tectona grandis, respectively. The gross return, B : C ratio and IRR were higher in Tectona grandis (Rs. 31,647/ha/yr, 4.71 and 22 %, respectively) followed by Eucalyptus tereticornis (Rs. 22,547/ha/yr, 3.52 and 21 %, respectively) as compared to other tree species. KEY WORDS : Degraded lands, Economical, Viability, Biomass, Soil physical properties HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE : Mutanal, S.M., Patil, H.Y. and Mokashi, M.V. (2016). Economic evaluation of multi purpose tree species in degraded lands of Karnataka. Internat. J. Forestry & Crop Improv., 7 (1) : 35-40, DOI: 10.15740/HAS/IJFCI/7.1/35-40. ARTICLE CHRONICAL : Received : 09.02.2016; Revised : 08.04.2016; Accepted : 09.05.2016 the real challenge before the scientists.Growing stock of NTRODUCTION I 4740 million m3 with average volume of 74.42 m3ha-1 is Increasing human population with soaring demands also far behind the world’s average of 110 m3ha-1. Low for material goods in the present scenario is causing per capita forest availability (0.07 ha) and widening gap unprecedented demand for forest resources. India too, between demand and supply of basic needs of rural is encountered with scarcity of forest resources as well inhabitants necessitates to devise strategies to overcome as several concomitant environmental disasters which is these problems. There is acute shortage of fuel wood, fodder, timber MEMBERS OF RESEARCH FORUM and other tree-based products, plantation forestry has a Address of the Correspondence : S.M. MUTANAL, All India Co-ordinated Research tremendous scope in India. Tree planting will need Project on Agroforestry, University of Agricultural Sciences, DHARWAD (KARNATAKA) considerable attention in view of the vital and permanent INDIA Email: [email protected] requirements met by trees. A multipurpose tree Address of the Coopted Authors : H.Y. PATIL AND M.V. MOKASHI, All India Co- ordinated Research Project on Agroforestry, University of Agricultural Sciences, deliberately grown and managed for more than one output DHARWAD (KARNATAKA) INDIA has a greater impact on a farmer’s well being. HIND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE S. M. MUTANAL, H.Y. PATIL AND M.V. MOKASHI Multipurpose trees should be capable of producing EXPERIMENTAL METHODS a wide range of products and have the capacity to contribute in its specific functions towards the An experiment involving nine tree special viz., sustainability of yields, an increase in output and/or Eucalyptus tereticornis, Tectona grandis, Dalbergia reduction in inputs, and maintaining the ecological sissoo, Anogeissus latifolia, Albizia lebbeck, Grevillea stability of the region (Hegde and Daniel, 1994). robusta, Hardwickia binnata, Acacia nilitica and Several problems are encountered in afforestation Azadirachta indica were planted on red gravelly soil at of highly degraded lands due to limitations of species Main Agricultural Research Station, University of suitability, soil depth, moisture and thermal stress, nutrient Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad under rainfed conditions. deficiency etc. The basic aim of planting tree species is The soil of the study area belong to degraded red soils to rehabilitate highly eroded areas, check soil and water with pH of 6.4 and N:P:K 172, 18.6 and 164.7 kg ha-1, losses and improve the degraded lands to provide fuel respectively. One year old nursery grown seedlings of wood, fodder and timber to the poor famers (Singh et these trees species were planted at a spacing of 2 x 2m. al., 2009). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design The term degraded lands evokes images of barren, with three replications. The general climate of the area desert plains with heavy winds or of severely eroded is tropical and lies in northern transitional zone of lands. These lands often associated with these lands are Karnataka. The mean annual rainfall of the location is steep slopes, lack of fertility, salinity, soil acidity, eroded 783.6 mm which was received in 57.5 days (average of soils, stoniness, shalow soils, wetness or flooding. Soil 43 years) rainy days. The mean annual maximum with these constraints are often called problem soils and temperature raised from 37.80C to 27.0C and annual which can be managed (Dudal, 1980). minimum temperature varied from 14.50C to 21.60C. At Multipurpose trees have positive influence on the end of 20 years, sample trees were felled and biomass yields from these degraded lands. The trees can productivity in different part of tree species was assessed greatly reduce fossil fuel requirements for agricultural and presented. Based on the market rates of fuel and production and extend the use of fragile environments timber, and also the additional income contributed by each and marginal lands. Generally, multipurpose tree tree species was accounted for the total mean of the species can be used for meeting various social, economic evaluation was made. environmental and industrial needs. Industries should Soil samples were collected at 0-30 cm depth from provide support with inputs including credit, regular 5 random locations at 1 m away from the main trunk for technical advice, harvesting and transport services. each species. The soil samples from each treatment The farmer thus have a choice in selecting species bulked thoroughly mixed and a composite sample taken depending upon the merits of the alternatives available for analysis. Soils were analyzed for bulk density, particle to them (Hegde and Daniel, 1994). density porosity, water holding capacity, pH, electrical The wider use of MPTS, especially nitrogen fixing conductivity (EC), available N, P and K. tree species, would become an important factor in Bulk density, particle density and porosity were improving productivity and maintaining an enhanced determined by RD bottle method (Chopra and Kanwar, nitrogen status in many tropical land use systems and 1986). Water holding capacity was determined by the also increase productivity and economic returns. method using Keen Raczkowski box (Keen and Therefore, multipurpose tree species should be Raczkowski, 1921) as described by Piper (1950). Soil introduced in degraded lands to exploit their ability to pH and electrical conductivity were determined in a 1: provide the basic needs of people and protect the 2.5 soil : water suspension. Organic carbon was estimated environment which also play main role for soil by Walkley and Black (1934) method. Available N was conservation and management. determined by alkaline KMnO4 method of Subbiah and MPTS have shown their worth in meeting the Asija (1956). Soil samples were analyzed for M. NaHCO3 objectives of social forestry. The present study hence extractable P (Olsen et al., 1954). Available K in soils aims on the economic viability of the multipurpose tree was extracted by natural normal ammonium acetate species in the degraded lands. (Jackson, 1973) and determined by the flame photometer. Internat. J. Forestry & Crop Improv.; 7(1)June, 2016 : 35-40 36 HIND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF MULTI PURPOSE TREE SPECIES EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND ANALYSIS Soil physical properties : Bulk density of soil under all tree species was The results obtained from the present investigation decreased as compared to initial status of soil. It was as well as relevant discussion have been summarized lowest in Dalbergia sissoo, Anogeissus latifolia under the following heads : Albezia lebbeck and Hardwickia binata as compared to the Eucalyptus tereticornis. The decrease in bulk Biomass distribution : density may be attributed to increased interaction of Biomass productivity differed significantly among concentration of root, leaf litter and soil faunal activity. the different trees species (Table 2). The total biomass As in verse relationship was noticed between bulk density was significantly higher in Albezzia lebbeck followed and soil organic carbon. Bulk density may affect the soil by Eucalyptus tereticornis and Grevillea robusta as porosity and thereby affecting infiltration rate and water compared to other tree species. The biomass distribution holding capacity of soil. Similar results were reported by in poles was maximum in Eucalyptus tereticornis Hosur and Dasog (1995). The effects being attributed to followed by Grevillea robusta. Small branches, biomass increased micropores of soil
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Conservation and Scientific Techniques for Improvement of Gum and Resin Yielding Tropical Tree Species RAVINDRA KUMAR DHAKA*, BHUVA DHAVAL C., RAJESH P
    Trends6 4 in Biosciences 10(1), Print : ISSN 0974-8431,Trends 64-67, in Biosciences 2017 10 (1), 2017 REVIEW PAPER Conservation and Scientific Techniques for Improvement of Gum and Resin Yielding Tropical Tree Species RAVINDRA KUMAR DHAKA*, BHUVA DHAVAL C., RAJESH P. GUNAGA AND M. S. SANKANUR Department of Forest Biology and Tree Improvement, College of Forestry, ACHF, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat. *email: [email protected] ABSTRACT forest products also widely used, the terms to classify forest resources i.e. other than major timber and small timber and Indian tropical forests are rich in biological diversity. It is fire wood. Among many of NTFP resources, Indian forests one of the richest and largest exporter countries in the are also rich in gum and resin, oleoresins yielding forest world for gum and resins. Mostly the raw materials are procured from natural sources which play a major role in species and mostly the raw materials are procured from tribal economy and livelihood security. Some important natural sources. Gums and gum resins are commercially highly traded gum and resin yielding trees species of India extracted from different tropical forest species like gum are Acacia nilotica, Anogeissus latifolia, Boswellia products namely gum arabic from Acacia Senegal or Acacia nilotica, gum ghattii from Anogeissus latifolia, gum karaya serrata, Lannea coromandelica, Sterculia urens and Vateria indica, however, the quality of these products may from Sterculia urens, gum katira from Cochlospermum also fetch higher economic returns in the international religiosum, Neem gum from Azadirachta indica, Jingan market. But many of these gum and resin yielding trees gum from Lannea coromandelica, Mesquite gum from like Sterculia urens, Boswellia serrata and Vateria indica Prosopis julifora etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Analgesic Effects of Methanolic Extracts of Anogeissus Latifolia Wall on Swiss Albino Mice
    Available online a t www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com Pelagia Research Library Der Pharmacia Sinica, 2013, 4(5):79-82 ISSN: 0976-8688 CODEN (USA): PSHIBD Analgesic effects of methanolic extracts of Anogeissus latifolia wall on swiss albino mice Vijusha M.*1, Shalini K.2, Veeresh K.2, Rajini A.2 and Hemamalini K.1 1Teegala Ram Reddy College of Pharmacy, Meerpet, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India 2Sree Dattha Institute of Pharmacy, Sheriguda, Ibrahimpatnam, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT The main objective of my present research work is to find out the good pharmacological properties from medicinal plants with their preliminary phytochemical study and also to evaluate the analgesic activity of Anogeissus latifolia belongs to combretaceae family on mice by tail immersion, tail flick and eddy’s hot plate method. Dose was selected from the literature and the dose chosen for the study is 200 mg/kg, a small trial on acute toxicity was used to confirm the dose by using 2000 mg/kg, and there was no mortality found, so 1/10 th of this dose was chosen for analgesic activity. Normally herbal drugs are free of side effects and available in low cost. The methanolic extract of Anogeissus latifolia at 200 mg/kg showed a significant analgesic activity in tail immersion, tail flick, and hot plate model when compared to that of standard drug. Key words: Anogeissus latifolia, leaf, methanolic extract, tail immersion, tail flick and eddy’s hot plate model. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION In the history of medicine for the relief of pain many medicinal herbs has been used .natural products which contain many active principles are believed to have their potiential therapeutic value.
    [Show full text]
  • Views of Local Population
    Tropical Ecology 53(3): 307-315, 2012 ISSN 0564-3295 © International Society for Tropical Ecology www.tropecol.com Effect of altitude and disturbance on structure and species diversity of forest vegetation in a watershed of central Himalaya PRERNA POKHRIYAL, D. S. CHAUHAN* & N. P. TODARIA Department of Forestry, HNB Garhwal University ( Central University), Srinagar, Garhwal 246174, Uttarakhand, India Abstract: The Phakot watershed of Central Himalaya harbours two forest types; Anogeissus latifolia subtropical dry deciduous forest (600 - 1200 m asl) and Quercus leucotrichophora moist temperate forest (1500 - 1900 m asl). We assessed the disturbance level in these forests and analyzed its effect on species composition and diversity. Three levels of disturbance (undisturbed, moderately disturbed and highly disturbed) were identified within both the forest types on the basis of canopy cover, tree density and light attenuation. The canopy cover and light attenuation were higher in the Quercus leucotrichophora forest as compared to the Anogeissus latifolia mixed forest. Asteraceae was the dominant family at all disturbance levels in both forest types. Tree density was higher in the Anogeissus latifolia mixed forest, while shrub and herb density was high in Quercus leucotrichophora forest as compared to the Anogeissus latifolia mixed forest. A sharp decline in tree density and basal area was recorded with increasing disturbance level in both the forests. Species richness (number of species per unit area) of trees, shrubs and herbs declined with disturbance, except for the highly disturbed Anogeissus forest which was more species rich than the undisturbed or moderately disturbed forest. Resumen: Lacuenca Phakotde los Himalaya Centrales albergadostipos de bosque: bosquesub- tropical seco caducifolio de Anogeissus latifolia (600 - 1200 m s.n.m.) y bosque húmedo templado de Quercus leucotrichophora (1500-1900 m s.n.m.).
    [Show full text]
  • "Ellagic Acid, an Anticarcinogen in Fruits, Especially in Strawberries: a Review"
    FEATURE Ellagic Acid, an Anticarcinogen in Fruits, Especially in Strawberries: A Review John L. Maasl and Gene J. Galletta2 Fruit Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705 Gary D. Stoner3 Department of Pathology, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo, OH 43699 The various roles of ellagic acid as an an- digestibility of natural forms of ellagic acid, Mode of inhibition ticarcinogenic plant phenol, including its in- and the distribution and organ accumulation The inhibition of cancer by ellagic acid hibitory effects on chemically induced cancer, or excretion in animal systems is in progress appears to occur through the following its effect on the body, occurrence in plants at several institutions. Recent interest in el- mechanisms: and biosynthesis, allelopathic properties, ac- lagic acid in plant systems has been largely a. Inhibition of the metabolic activation tivity in regulation of plant hormones, for- for fruit-juice processing and wine industry of carcinogens. For example, ellagic acid in- mation of metal complexes, function as an applications. However, new studies also hibits the conversion of polycyclic aromatic antioxidant, insect growth and feeding in- suggest that ellagic acid participates in plant hydrocarbons [e.g., benzo (a) pyrene, 7,12- hibitor, and inheritance are reviewed and hormone regulatory systems, allelopathic and dimethylbenz (a) anthracene, and 3-methyl- discussed in relation to current and future autopathic effects, insect deterrent princi- cholanthrene], nitroso compounds (e.g., N- research. ples, and insect growth inhibition, all of which nitrosobenzylmethylamine and N -methyl- N- Ellagic acid (C14H6O8) is a naturally oc- indicate the urgent need for further research nitrosourea), and aflatoxin B1 into forms that curring phenolic constituent of many species to understand the roles of ellagic acid in the induce genetic damage (Dixit et al., 1985; from a diversity of flowering plant families.
    [Show full text]
  • In Vitroanticancer Activities of Anogeissus Latifolia, Terminalia
    DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2015.16.15.6423 In Vitro Anticancer Activities of Anogeissus latifolia, Terminalia bellerica, Acacia catechu and Moringa oleiferna RESEARCH ARTICLE In Vitro Anticancer Activities of Anogeissus latifolia, Terminalia bellerica, Acacia catechu and Moringa oleiferna Indian Plants Kawthar AE Diab1,2*, Santosh Kumar Guru2, Shashi Bhushan2, Ajit K Saxena2 Abstract The present study was designed to evaluate in vitro anti-proliferative potential of extracts from four Indian medicinal plants, namely Anogeissus latifolia, Terminalia bellerica, Acacia catechu and Moringa oleiferna. Their cytotoxicity was tested in nine human cancer cell lines, including cancers of lung (A549), prostate (PC-3), breast (T47D and MCF-7), colon (HCT-16 and Colo-205) and leukemia (THP-1, HL-60 and K562) by using SRB and MTT assays. The findings showed that the selected plant extracts inhibited the cell proliferation of nine human cancer cell lines in a concentration dependent manner. The extracts inhibited cell viability of leukemia HL-60 and K562 cells by blocking G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. Interestingly, A. catechu extract at 100 µg/mL induced G2/M arrest in K562 cells. DNA fragmentation analysis displayed the appearance of a smear pattern of cell necrosis upon agarose gel electrophoresis after incubation of HL-60 cells with these extracts for 24h. Keywords: Anogeissus latifolia - terminalia bellerica - acacia catechu - moringa oleiferna - cytotoxicity - DNA ladder Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 16 (15), 6423-6428 Introduction and antifungal activities (Caceres et al., 1992; Biswas et al., 2012; Krishnamurthy et al., 2015). Considering the There has been a long-standing interest in identification vast therapeutic potential of above mentioned medicinal of natural products and medicinal plants for developing plants, the present study was planned to investigate their new cancer therapeutics.
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity Assessment in Some Selected Hill Forests of South Orissa
    BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT IN SOME SELECTED HILL FORESTS OF SOUTH ORISSA BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT IN SOME SELECTED HILL FORESTS OF SOUTH ORISSA, INDIA FIELD SURVEY AND DOCUMENTATION TEAM PRATYUSH MOHAPATRA, PRASAD KUMAR DASH, SATYANARAYAN MIASHRA AND DEEPAK KUMAR SAHOO & BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION TEAM SWETA MISHRA, BISWARUP SAHU, SUJATA DAS, TUSHAR DASH, RANJITA PATTNAIK AND Y.GIRI, RAO REPORT PREPARED BY VASUNDHARA A/70, SAHID NAGER BHUBANESWAR ORISSA ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors are grateful to Concern Worldwide for providing financial support to carry out the study. The authors are also thankful to Dr. Dr. R.C .Mishra, Scientist, RPRC, Bhubaneswar, Dr. S.K Dutta, Head, Dept. of Zoology, North Orissa University and Dr. Manoj Nayar, Dr. N.K.Dhal and Mr. N.C.Rout, Scientist, Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, Dr. Virendra Nath, Scientist, National Botanical Research Institute, Lacknow, Dr. Dinesh Kumar Saxena, Professor, Barely collage, U.P for their technical input during the study design, identification of species and sincere guidance in preparing the report. Mr. Himanshu Sekhar Palei and Mr. Anup Kumar Pradhan, students, Msc. Wildlife, Baripada, Orissa are duly acknowledged for their information on Otters and Giant squirrels of south Orissa Dr. Bijaya Mishra, Mr. Biswjyoti Sahoo and Mr. Himanshu Patra are thanked for their support and cooperation during field visits to different hills. The help and co-operation rendered by the local informants of different ethnic groups in providing first hand information is highly appreciated and acknowledged. Last but not the least, the help and support provided by the Director Vasundhara is highly acknowledged. PREFACE Biodiversity is declining seriously on a global scale, underscoring the importance of conservation planning.
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of Invasive Alien Species-Prosopis Juliflora on Floral Diversity of Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India
    Biodiversity International Journal Research Article Open Access Impact of invasive alien species-Prosopis juliflora on floral diversity of Sathyamangalam tiger reserve, Tamil Nadu, India Abstract Volume 2 Issue 6 - 2018 The Bhavanisagar Range of Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve in the foothills of the Nilgiris is one of the most famous preferred breeding grounds for the Elephants in the Western Maheshnaik BL, Baranidharan K, Vijayabhama Ghats and it is known for its landscape beauty, varied of forest ecosystems and wildlife Forest College and Research Institute, India diversity. Unfortunately, during the last decades, there has been a drastic reduction in the diversity of the natural vegetation. The available niches have been occupied by invasive Correspondence: Baranidharan K, Forest College and exotic species especially Prosopis juliflora. The present study deals with the impact Research Institute, Mettupalayam TNAU, Tamil Nadu-641 301, India, Email assessment of Prosopis juliflora in Bhavanisagar range of Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu. The parameter assessed are floral diversity and its diversity indices. For floral Received: December 06, 2018 | Published: December 18, diversity sample plot technique was followed in three different sites viz., Prosopis juliflora 2018 eradicated and effectively managed area, Prosopis juliflora invaded area and natural forest. The study results revealed that totally 79 species of trees, shrubs, herbs and grass species were recorded out of which 38 trees belonging to 22 families, 22 shrubs covering 16 families, 19 herbs and grass species relating to 14 families was recorded. In Prosopis juliflora invaded area, 24 tree species belonging to 11 families, 16 shrubs species occupying 13 families and 11 herbs & grasses belonging to 8 families were documented.
    [Show full text]
  • Wildlife Sanctuaries of India
    Wildlife sanctuaries of India Srisailam Sanctuary, Andhra Pradesh The largest of India's Tiger Reserves, the Nagarjunasagar Srisailam Sanctuary ( 3568 sq. km.); spreads over five districts - Nalgonda, Mahaboobnagar, Kurnool, Prakasam and Guntur in the state of Andhra Pradesh. The Nagarjunasagar-Srisailam Sanctuary was notified in 1978 and declared a Tiger Reserve in 1983. The Reserve was renamed as Rajiv Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary in 1992. The river Krishna flows through the sanctuary over a distance of 130 km. The multipurpose reservoirs, Srisailam and Nagarjunasagar, which are important sources of irrigation and power in the state are located in the sanctuary. The reservoirs and temples of Srisailam are a major tourist and pilgrim attraction for people from all over the country and abroad. The terrain is rugged and winding gorges slice through the Mallamalai hills. Adjoining the reserve is the large reservoir of the Nagarjunasagar Dam on the River Krishna. The dry deciduous forests with scrub and bamboo thickets provide shelter to a range of animals from the tiger and leopard at the top of the food chain, to deer, sloth bear, hyena, jungle cat, palm civet, bonnet macaque and pangolin. In this unspoilt jungle, the tiger is truly nocturnal and is rarely seen. Manjira Wildlife Sanctuary Total Area: 3568-sq-kms Species found: Catla, Rahu, Murrel, Ech Paten, Karugu, Chidwa,Painted Storks, Herons, Coots, Teals, Cormorants, Pochards, Black and White Ibises, Spoon Bills, Open Billed Storks etc About Manjira Wildlife Sanctuary: Manjira bird sanctuary spreads over an area of 20 sq.kms and is the abode of a number of resident and migratory birds and the marsh crocodiles.
    [Show full text]
  • 份lia Forests in Garhwal Himalayas
    For. Stud. China, 2012, 14(4): 268-275 DOI 1O.1007/s11632-012-0409-6 I Forest structure, diversity and regeneration in unburnt and burnt Anogeissus lat份， lia forests in Garhwal Himalayas Munesh KUMARl*, Jahangeer A. BHATI, G. S. RAJWAR2 I Department ofForestry and Natura! Resources, HNB Garhwa! University, Srinagar Garhwa!, Uttarakhand 249161 , India 2 Department ofBotany, Govemment Post Graduate Col1ege, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand 249201 , India 。 Be司 ing Forestry University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heide!berg 2012 Abstract The present study was carried out at two different gradients of unbumt and bumt Anogeissus latifolia forest sites in the Garhwal region, India. At each gradient, the unbumt and bumt forest sites were further categorized into three different e!evations, i.e. , !ower (700 m), midd!e (850 m) and upper (1 000 m). At each e!evation, the density oftrees, saplings and seedlings was higher at the unbumt sites except for 仕ees at the upper e!evation which was higher at the bumt sites. The tota! basa! area of each !ayer of for­ est was a!so higher at the unbumt sites. The study revea!ed that the !ower number of saplings and seed!ings at the bumt forest sites might be due to the effect of fire. Most trees in the !ower dbh classes were affected by forest fire at the bumt sites which reduced the tota! density and tota! basa! area of the trees comp缸'ed to the unbumt sites. The diversity oftrees increased with increasing e!evation. However, the diversity of sap!ings and seedlings reduced with increasing e!evation.
    [Show full text]
  • Full Article
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONSERVATION SCIENCE ISSN: 2067-533X Volume 9, Issue 1, January-March 2018: 165-172 www.ijcs.uaic.ro A CRITICAL REVIEW ON ANOGEISSUS PENDULA: AN IMPORTANT SPECIES OF ARID ZONE Desha MEENA1*, Shiwani BHATNAGAR2, Anil SINGH1 1 Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding Division, Arid Forest Research Institute, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India 2 Forest Protection and Entomology Division, Arid Forest Research Institute, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India Abstract Anogeissus pendula is a multipurpose tree species with immense ethno-ecological importance. The tree has ecological significance for the Aravallis and other hilly areas of the country. The tree of Anogeissus pendula is socially acceptable and economically viable to the farming community. It is valued for timber and regarded as the third toughest timber in the world. Also used as a source of fuel wood, fodder and gum. However, Anogeissus pendula has some constraint also such as seed germination capacity and seedling growth is very slow. Due to its very slow growing nature it forms bushy appearance which reduces the value of the timber. Alternatively, attempts have been made to propagate this tree through in vitro approaches. In this communication, we emphasize the research progress made with respect to Anogeissus pendula on various aspects, and suggest some future directions of research. Keywords: Anogeissus pendula; Ethno-ecological context; Conservation status; Timber species. Introduction Anogeissus pendula (family: Combrataceae), commonly known as dhok/kardhai is a tree of arid region and is distributed in tropical Asia and Africa. It grows in the dry and hot regions of India reported by A.C. Gupta [1]. This species is recognized as climax species of Aravalli hills and grows up to 9–15mt in height and 1cm in girth.
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation of the Asian Elephant in Central India
    Conserwotion of the Asiqn elephont in Centrql Indiq Sushant Chowdhury Introduction Forests lying in Orissa constitute the major habitats of In central India, elephants are found in the States of elephant in the central India and are distributed across Orissa, Jharkhand (pan of the erstwhile Bihar), and over 22 out of the 27 Forest Divisions. Total elephant southern part of \(est Bengal. In all three States elephants habitat extends over an area of neady 10,000km2, occupy a habitat of approximately 17,000km2 constituted which is about 2lo/o of 47,033km2 State Forest available, by Orissa (57'/), Jharkhand Q6o/o) and southern West assessed through satellite data (FSI 1999). Dense forest Bengal (7"/'). A large number of elephant habitats accounts for 26,073km2, open forest for 20,745km2 in this region are small, degraded and isolated. Land and mangrove for 215km2. \(/hile the nonhern part of fragmentation, encroachment, shifting cultivation and Orissa beyond the Mahanadi River is plagued by severe mining activities are the major threats to the habitats. The mining activities, the southern pan suffers from shifting small fragmented habitats, with interspersed agriculture cultivation. FSI (1999) data reports that the four Districts land use in and around, influence the range extension of of Orissa, namely, Sundergarh, Keonjhar, Jajpur and elephants during the wet season, and have become a cause Dhenkenal, have 154 mining leases of iron, manganese of concern for human-elephant conflicts. Long distance and chromate over 376.6km2 which inclu& 192.6km2 elephant excursions from Singhbhum and Dalbhum of forest. About 5,030km2 (or 8.8olo of total forest area) forests of the Jharkhand State to the adjoining States of is affected by shifting cultivation, most of which is on Chattisgarh (part of erstwhile Madhya Pradesh) and \fest the southern part.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemistry of Secondary Metabolites and Their Antimicrobial Activity in the Drug Development Process: a Review of the Genus Anogeissus
    Chemistry of secondary metabolites and antimicrobial activity in the drug development process 1 Review Article Chemistry of secondary metabolites and their antimicrobial activity in the drug development process: a review of the Genus Anogeissus A. Mann1, J.O. Amupitan2, A.O. Oyewale2, J.I. Okogun3 and K. Ibrahim 4 1Department of Science Laboratory Technology, The Federal Polytechnic, Bida, P.M.B. 55, Bida, Niger State, Nigeria 2Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria 3Department of Medicinal Plant Research and Traditional Medicine, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), P.M.B. 21, Garki – Abuja, Nigeria 4Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), P.M.B.21, Garki – Abuja, Nigeria ABSTRACT The significance of secondary metabolites as antimicrobial agents and its chemistry in the drug development process is reviewed. The genus Anogeissus (Combretaceae) is widely distributed in most tropical and subtropical countries of the world. Anogeissus is a genus of trees, shrubs or small trees. The genus has eight species, five native to South Asia, two indigenous to the southern Arabian Peninsula, and one native to Africa. Genus Anogeissus have long been used in traditional medicine to treat a broad spectrum of disorders. Chemical constituents isolated from Genus Anogeissus so far include amino acids, terpenoids (and their glycoside derivatives); steroids; flavonoids and their glycosides; tannins and other phenolic compounds and lignan. The focus of this paper has been on the phytochemistry of the species of Anogeissus and with the bioactivities of their various metabolites and their general potential in drug development were reviewed.
    [Show full text]