Antanas Buračas

MYKOLO ROMERIO UNIVERSITETAS

ANTANAS BURAÈAS

Internet DB Reference Book

Mykolas Romeris University Vilnius 2006

1 THE REFERENCE DICTIONARY OF FINANCE AND ECONOMICS

ED. BY PROF. ANTANAS BURAÈAS PRINTED

PART 1. THE REFERENCE DICTIONARY OF BANKING AND COMMERCE. VILNIUS-KAUNAS, 1997, 454 p. (LITHUANIAN-ENGLISH) PRINTED

PART 2. THE REFERENCE DICTIONARY OF WORLD CURRENCIES AND COINS. VILNIUS, 1999, 454 p.

PART 3. THE INTERNATIONAL ABBREVIATIONS OF FINANCE AND COMMERCE. VILNIUS, 2006-2007, 580 p. (EDITING).

PART 4. THE EUROPEAN UNION ABBREVIATIONS IN FINANCE AND ECONOMICS. VILNIUS, 2007, 230 p. (IN PRINT). PRINTED

PART 5. FINANCE AND INVESTMENT INFORMATION ON WEB. VILNIUS, 2006, 530 p.

PART 6. THE REFERENCE BOOK OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS TICKERS AND FINANCIAL INVESTMENT CODES. VILNIUS, 2008, 830 p. (UNDER REVIEW).

2 ENCIKLOPEDINIS FINANSØ IR EKONOMIKOS ÞINYNAS

PROF. ANTANAS BURAÈAS

ISLEISTA 1 DALIS. ENCIKLOPEDINIS BANKININKYSTËS IR KOMERCIJOS ÞODYNAS. VILNIUS-KAUNAS, 1997, 454 p. (LIETUVIØ-ANGLØ K.) ISLEISTA

2 DALIS. PASAULIO VALIUTØ IR MONETØ ÞINYNAS. VILNIUS, 1999, 454 p.

3 DALIS. TARPTAUTINËS FINANSØ IR KOMERCIJOS SANTRUMPOS VILNIUS, 2006–2007, 580 p. (LEIDÞIAMA)

4 DALIS. EUROPOS SÀJUNGOS FINANSØ IR EKONOMIKOS SANTRUMPOS VILNIUS, 2007, 230 p. (LEIDÞIAMA) ISLEISTA

5 DALIS. INTERNETINË FINANSØ IR INVESTICIJØ INFORMACIJA VILNIUS, 2006, 530 p.

6 DALIS. TARPTAUTINIØ VERSLO SANTRUMPØ IR FINANSØ INVESTICIJØ KODØ ÞINYNAS VILNIUS, 2008, 830 p. (REDAGUOJAMA)

3 UDK 336:004.7 Bu279

ANOTACIJA

Þinyne apþvelgiami reikðmingesni ekonomikos ir finansø informacijos greitkeliai bei specializuotos iðplëstinës paieðkos sistemos, duomenø bazës ir svetainës. Þinynas padeda geriau orientuotis pagrindinëse investavimo, bankinin- kystës, specialiøjø ekonominiø tyrimø, rinkodaros, verslo ir verslo teisës, statistikos, profesijø ir turto registrø bei standartø, intelektinës nuosavybës, taikomosios prognostikos ir kitose srityse. Prieduose gretinamos ekonomikos ir su ja susijusiø srièiø klasifikacijos, daugiausia analitiðkai iðplëtotos paieðkos sistemose, jø deskriptoriai, taksonominiai principai ir kriterijai. Jø lyginamoji analizë yra svarbi vertinant perspektyvias ekonomikos kryptis ir galimybes, atsiþvelgiant á globalizacijos ir tvarios plëtros, intelektiniø iðtekliø specialiøjø tyrimø didëjanèià svarbà, naujø ekonominiø áverèiø, metodø ir teorijø kûrimo bûtinybæ þiniø visuomenëje.

ANNOTATION

More significant economic and finance information highways on the Web also specialized retrieval systems are reviewed in this reference book with attempt to help better surf in the main investment, banking, special economics and intercon- nected fields of information, such as marketing, commerce and business law, registers of occupations and real estate, intellectual property, economic terminology, applied forecasting and so on. Most analytically developed internet retrieval and classification systems, also their descriptors, taxonomic principles and criteria used in the fields of the economics and finances under review are compared in the supplements of this reference edition. Their comparative analysis is rather important for the perspective development of the economic approaches and possibilities of the globalization as well as with account of growing significance of the intellectual creativity within the knowledge society. The last one needs for the creation of the new adequate methods and theories of economic evaluation.

Þinyno rengimà rëmë Lietuvos mokslo ir studijø fondas

Recenzavo: Lietuvos mokslø akademijos narys ekspertas prof. Aleksandras Vasiliauskas ir VGTU profesorius Algis Þvirblis

4 TURINYS

Áþanga Tarptautiniai ekonomikos ir finansø informacijos greitkeliai internete ...... 9

I dalis FINANSØ INFORMACIJOS CENTRAI ...... 41 1. Pinigø politikos ir bankø informacinës bazës ...... 41 1.1. TAB, FRS, ECB, IMF, PB ir kiti tarptautiniø finansø centrai .... 47 1.2. Centrinës bankininkystës puslapiai ...... 50 1.3. Tarptautiniø pinigø rinkø, komercinës ir investicinës bankininkystës bei kitø finansiniø centrø tinklalapiai ...... 62 2. Didþiøjø pasaulio birþø ir investiciniø fondø informacinës bazës ir paslaugos ...... 80 2.1. NYSE, AMEX, NASDAQ, Europos vertybiniø popieriø birþos, jø informacinës bazës ir paslaugos ...... 80 2.2. Investiciniø fondø ir kitos finansø informacinës DB. Investicinës bankininkystës paslaugos ...... 92 3. Finansinio tarpininkavimo ir konsultavimo informacinës DB ...... 106 4. Tarptautinës draudimo bendrovës, jø informacinës bazës ir paslaugos ...... 150 5. Apskaitos ir audito informacinës bazës ir paslaugos ...... 158 6. Finansinës skaièiuoklës, jø tipai, funkcijos ...... 169

II dalis ÁVAIRIOS EKONOMINËS INFORMACIJOS CENTRAI ...... 183 1. Profesijø, pareigybiø ir uþimtumo informacinës bazës ir paslaugos internete ...... 183 2. Elektroninës prekybos, marketingo ir reklamos informacinës bazës ...... 188 3. Nekilnojamojo turto ir kitos hipotekos informacinës bazës ir paslaugos ...... 205 4. Intelektinës nuosavybës ir þiniø visuomenës DB ...... 215 5. Verslo standartø interneto puslapiai ...... 229 6. Uþsienio prekybos ir gabenimo (frachto) informacinës bazës ir paslaugos internete ...... 233 7. Valiutø, tauriøjø ir retøjø metalø prekybos informacinës bazës ir paslaugos ...... 242

5 III dalis STATISTIKOS, KOMERCINËS TEISËS, VERTIMØ IR KITOS DUOMENØ BAZËS ...... 253 1. Eurostato ir kitos tarptautinës (TVF, EBPO) bei nacionalinës statistikos duomenø bazës ...... 253 2. Tarptautiniø verslo ir finansø terminø informacinës ir vertimo bazës bei paslaugos ...... 284 3. Verslo ir finansø teisës informacija ...... 300 4. Verslo informacijos bei kitos ekonominës analizës ir tyrimø DB ..... 316

Pabaiga Ekonomikos informacinio aprûpinimo strateginës plëtros aspektai ...... 334

Priedai ...... 337 1. Ekonominës klasifikacijos subjektø deskriptoriai (JEL) ...... 339 2. Ekonomistø iðtekliø pasauliniame tinkle meniu ir tinklalapiai (AEA klasifikacija) ...... 359 3. Modifikuota Helsinkio ekonominës informacijos klasifikacinës paieðkos internete (WebEC) sistema ...... 392 4. Populiariø finansiniø puslapiø klasifikacijø meniu ...... 443 4.1. CNN ...... 443 4.2. Yahoo Finance ...... 446 4.3. Lexis-Nexis ...... 449 4.4. Lithuania-on-Line ...... 450 4.5. EBPO ...... 453 4.6. STANDARD & POORS finansiniø paslaugø svetainës ir duomenø meniu...... 462 4.7. FRS ...... 477 4.8. ECB ...... 490 5. Mokslo bei technologijø tyrimø ir patentø DB abëcëlinë rodyklë ..... 495 6. Vertybiniø popieriø rinkø informacinë suvestinë ...... 512 6.1. Eurex iðvestiniø indeksø ateities sandoriø kodai ir terminai ... 512 6.2. Pasaulio birþos ir jø federacijos kolektyviniai nariai ...... 524

6 CONTENTS

Introduction International Highways of Economics and Finance Information on Web ...... 9

First Part THE CENTERS OF FINANCE DATA BASIS ...... 41 1. Information DB of Monetary Policy and Banking ...... 41 1.1. BIS, FRS, ECB, IMF, WB and other Centers of International Finances...... 47 1.2. Web Pages of Central Banking ...... 50 1.3. DB of the International Money Markets, Commercial and Investment Banking ...... 62 2. Information DB and Services of Most Important Exchanges and Investment Funds ...... 80 2.1. Information DB and Services on NYSE, AMEX, NASDAQ, Euronext a.o. Exchanges ...... 80 2.2. Information DB of Main Investment Funds and Services of Investment Banking ...... 92 3. Financial Intermediation and Consulting DB ...... 106 4. International Insurance Networks, Their DB and Information Services ...... 150 5. Financial Accounting and Auditing DB and Information Services ... 158 6. Financial Calculators on Web, Their Types and Functions ...... 169

Second Part OTHER CENTERS OF ECONOMIC INFORMATION ON WEB ...... 183 1. Occupational and Employment Information DB and Services ...... 183 2. E-trade, Marketing and Advertisement Information DB ...... 188 3. Real Estate and Hypothecation DB and Information Services ...... 205 4. Intellectual Property and Knowledge Society DB and Information Services ...... 215 5. DB of Business Standards on Web ...... 229 6. Foreign Trade and Freight DB and Information Services ...... 233 7. Currency and Precious Metals DB and Information Services ...... 242

7 Third Part INFORMATION DB FOR STATISTICS, COMMERCIAL LAW AND ECONOMIC TERMS ON WEB ...... 253 1. Eurostat a.o. International a/o Information DB ...... 253 2. International Economic and Finance Terms’ and Translation DB on WWW ...... 284 3. Business and Finance Law DB on Web ...... 300 4. Business Information and Other Economic Analysis and Researches DB ...... 316

The End The Strategic Development Aspects of Procurement with Economic Information ...... 334

Annexes Comparison of Various International Taxonomies in Economics and Finances ...... 337 1. The Descriptors of Economic Classification Subjects (JEL) ...... 339 2. Economic Resources on Web Net (AEA Classification) ...... 359 3. Modified WebEC Search Classification ...... 392 4. Other Popular Search Classifications on the Financial Web Pages ... 443 5. Indices of Search in Science, Technologies and Patents ...... 495 6. Criteria of Information on the Securities Markets ...... 512

8 Áþanga

TARPTAUTINIAI EKONOMIKOS IR FINANSØ INFORMACIJOS GREITKELIAI INTERNETE

Viena raiðkiausiø ir reikðmingiausiø globalizacijos sudedamøjø – inter- netas, sparèiai besikeièiantys jo finansiniø serveriø ir duomenø baziø (toliau – ir DB) tinklai. Jie atvërë naujas galimybes spartinti vertybiniø popieriø ir kitas finansines operacijas, atlikti jas iðtisà parà, iðplëtë ekonominës analizës ir sandoriø priemoniø galimybes. Iðvestiniø indeksø operacijos savo ruoþtu iðplëtë rizikos vertinimo nuostatas, paskatino naujø statistiniø priemoniø atsiradimà. Bûtent interneto greitkeliai leidþia atlikti spekuliacinius ir kitus sandorius realiu laiku ir atsiþvelgiant á faktinius valiutø kursus, prekiø bei frachto ir kitø paslaugø kotiruotes bei pirkimo ir pardavimo apimtis. Nors þinios apie ekonomikos bei finansiniø interneto greitkeliø galimybes yra itin svarbi profesionalaus verslo ir iðsilavinimo sudedamoji, jø pagrindai daþniausiai pateikiami fragmentiðkai, nëra tam skirtø specialiø kursø. Be to, populiariuose apþvalginiuose leidiniuose apie interneto DB (geltonieji puslapiai ir pan.) ir svarbiausius ávairios informacijos ðaltinius, finansiniø serveriø ypatumai bei galimybës apibûdinami itin ribotai. Daþniausiai tai daro informatikai. Re- miantis tokiais leidiniais, sunku nustatyti, kuo skiriasi viena nekilnojamojo turto DB nuo kitos, neskaitant áraðø skaièiaus arba paslaugø kainos, kuo pranaðesnis vienas statistiniø metodø paketas uþ kità investiciniø sandoriø aplinkoje toje arba kitoje konjunktûros analizëje. Ðios knygos vienas ið tikslø yra apþvelgti reikðmingesnius verslo ir finansø informacijos greitkelius, specializuotas DB ir svetaines, padedanèias geriau orientuotis pagrindinëse investavimo bei specialiøjø ekonominiø tyrimø srityse. Greitkeliais èia vadinamos serveriø arba jø grupës pateikiamos iðplëstinës paieðkos sistemos su sudëtingos, skirtingos specializuotos tematikos informacijos saugyklomis, apimanèiomis ir ávairiausias ekonomikos bei finansø ir kitas su duomenø bazëmis susijusias sritis: statistikos, profesijø ir turto registrø, taikomosios matematikos, prognostikos metodø ir pan. Dauguma informacijos rinkta ið interneto tinklalapiø anglø kalba, juose pateikiama ir dauguma vertingiausios finansø srities informacijos; iðimtá sudaro nebent terminologinës keliakalbës DB, bet ir jose didþiausi semantiniai masyvai sukaupti aiðkina- muosiuose arba verèiamuosiuose puslapiuose anglø kalba. Apibûdinant ryškesnius portalus, stengtasi bent iliustracijomis pateikti jø meniu struktûras (didesnës ir reikðmingesnës pateiktos prieduose) arba bent jø fragmentus – neabejotina, kad ðie meniu keièiasi gana daþnai, bet dauguma iðtobulintø DB struktûrø kriterijø iðlieka. Pastarieji moko struktûrinti paieðkas ir atsiþvelgti á sisteminiø poþiûriø svarbà.

9 Autorius reiðkia nuoðirdþià padëkà Mykolo Romerio universiteto Leidybos centrui bei Mokslo ir studijø fondui uþ paramà iðleidþiant, LMA nariui prof. Aleksandrui Vasiliauskui, prof. Algiui Þvirbliui, prof. Rimantui Petrauskui – uþ sumanymo palaikymà, 1996–2005 m. VDU magistrantams – uþ idëjas plëtojant ðá originalø kursà, Gyèiui Liutkui – uþ patarimus rengiant ðá þinynà. Tikiuosi, kad leidinys bus naudingas ne tik Lietuvos finansø ir ekonomikos specialistams ir studentams.

Ðiuo metu Google kasdien apdoroja daugiau nei 100 milijonø paieðkos uþklausø ir pateikia paieðkos rezultatus daugiau nei ið 1,3 milijardo puslapiø vartotojams visame pasaulyje daþniausiai greièiau nei po pusës sekundës. Uþuot naudojusi tik raktiniø þodþiø arba metapaieðkos technologijà, Google sistema remiasi sudëtinga, ðiuo metu patentuojama PageRank™ technologija, kuri garantuoja, kad svarbiausi rezultatai visada rodomi pirmiausia. Ðis rodiklis apskaièiuojamas sprendþiant lygtá su 500 milijonø kintamøjø ir daugiau nei 2 milijardais nariø. Google serveris internete randa maþdaug 275 mln. puslapiø su ekonomikos terminu, A9 serveris – 25,4 mln. atvejø; atitinkamai – 464 mln. ir 45,3 mln. – su finansø terminu, 347 mln. ir 32,2 mln. – su investicijø terminu. Pirmenybë ieðkant daþniausiai teikiama institucijoms, kuriø pavadinimuose arba interneto puslapiuose yra ðiø terminø. Vos prieð keletà metø paleistas A9.com serveris savo subjektø paieðkos veiksmingumu iðsiskiria Web tinkle bendrovës Amazon.com Inc. e. prekybos priklausinys, taikantis itin naujas interneto paieðkos technologijas ir racionalesnius algoritmus, apibendrinantis kitø megaserveriø rezultatus ir identifikuojantis rastuose paieðkos ðaltiniuose pateikiamus vaizdus – paveikslus, þemëlapius ir pan. Toks dvejopos paieðkos bûdas atveria naujø galimybiø rasti ne tik marketingo (apima maþdaug 20 mln. verslo aplinkos ir 35 mln. turizmo objektø JAV vaizdø), bet ir daugelio kitø analitiniø studijø srièiø informacijà, áskaitant ir grafinæ ekspertinæ trimatæ medþiagà. Patogios daugelio paieðkos serveriø (Yahoo, A9, AltaVista, Excite, Google, MetaCrawler) naujovës: • ankstesniø paieðkø (kriterijø) istorija, leidþianti labai lengvai atnaujinti paieðkos rezultatus ir sudaryti analogiðkø paieðkø supaprastintas hierarchines sistemas; • veiksmingesnë paieðkos rezultatø kopijavimo ir terminø vertimo arba enciklopedinio prasmës iðsiaiðkinimo galimybë paieðkos aplinkoje; • supaprastintas verslo ir kitø kontaktø uþtikrinimas tiesiai ið paieðkos aplinkos, daþniausiai naudojantis pigiu interneto kompiuteriniu telefonu arba paðtu.

10 A9.com serveris padeda savo naudotojams prisitaikyti kiekvienam patogø paieðkos meniu ið Microsoft ir kitokios programinës aplinkos numatytø paieð- kos meniu:

Informaciniø megaserveriø paieðkos struktûros kûrimas, kaip tvirtina ir jø ideologai, yra komercinë paslaptis, o jos sudedamosios ið dalies atsispindi toliau pateikiamose A9 komponentiniø instituciniø blokø nuorodose: Paieðkos serveriø svetainës: · Better Business Builders, Inc. www.truthaboutyellowpages.com · Marketer Today www.marketertoday.com · Pandia Search Central www.pandia.com · paieðkos serveriø DB (Search Engine Database) www.isedb.com · paieðkos serveriø þodynas www.searchenginedictionary.com · paieðkos serveriø vadovas www.searchengineguide.com · Web paieðka www.websearch.about.com · YP paðnekesiø svetainë www.yptalk.com Informacijos blokai ir forumai: · Adfreak www.adweek.blogs.com · Buzz Hit Blog www.buzzhit.com/buzzblog.html · Forrester Research Blog http://forrester.typepad.com · High Rankings www.highrankings.com/forum/index.php · Ihelpyou www.ihelpyouservices.com/forums · Kelsey Group Local Media Blog http://blog.kelseygroup.com/ · Marketing Pilgrim www.marketingpilgrim.com · Online Marketing Blog http://toprank.blogspot.com · Resourceshelf www.resourceshelf.com · Searchblog www.battellemedia.com/ · Search Engine Journal www.searchenginejournal.com · Search Engine Lowdown www.searchenginelowdown.com · SEO Blog http://news.stepforth.com/blog/ · SEOBook www.seobook.com · Seochat www.seochat.com · The Local Onliner http://www.localonliner.com/ · WebProWorld www.webproworld.com · Yellow Page Insider http://yellowpageinsider.blogspot.com · Yellow Pages Commando http://ypcommando.com · YP Talk www.yptalk.com

11 Analitiniai centrai: · Forrester Research www.forrester.com · GartnerG2 www.gartnerg2.com · Jupiter Research www.jupiterresearch.com · The Kelsey Group www.kelseygroup.com · Krasilovskio konsultacinë svetainë www.krasilovsky.net · Pay Per Click Analyst www.payperclickanalyst.com Masinës ryðiø priemonës: · ClickZ Network www.clickz.com · DMNews www.dmnews.com · iMedia Connection www.imediaconnection.com · MediaPost www.mediapost.com · Pandecta Magazine www.pandecta.com · Research Buzz www.researchbuzz.com · Search Engine Watch www.searchenginewatch.com · SEOToday www.seotoday.com · Traffick www.traffick.com · Webmaster World www.webmasterworld.com Asociacijos: · Association of Directory Marketing www.admworks.org · EMarketing Association www.emarketingassociation.com · European Association of Directory and Database Publishers www.eadp.org · Interactive Advertising Bureau www.iab.net · International Internet Marketing Association www.iimaonline.org · Mobile Marketing Association www.mmaglobal.com · Online Publishers Association www.online–publishers.org · Search Engine Marketing Professional Organization www.sempo.org · Search Marketing Association EU www.sma–eu.org · Search Marketing Association UK www.sma–uk.org · World Association of Internet Marketers www.waim.org · Yellow Pages Association www.ypassociation.org

Pasaulio Nr.1 greitkelio Google specializuotos paieðkos socialiniø aspektø srityje internetinis paieðkos þinynas: http://directory.google.com/Top/Science/ Social_Sciences/Economics. Jame paieðkai iðskirtos visos svarbiausios ekonomikos sritys: mikro- (76) ir makroekonomika (40), ekonominës prognostikos ir konsultacijø DB (124), finansai (139, dar þr. svetainæ: http://inance. google.com) ir finansinës konsultacijos (275) DB; agrarinë (33), plëtros ir ekonomikos (92), institucinë (20), darbo (64), sveikatos (31), aplinkosaugos (81), sporto (18) ir ðvietimo (48) ekonomika, ekonominë teorija (economics, 81), ekonometrika (56), politinë ekonomija (20), prekybos politika (37), statistika (121), taip pat finansø matematika ir matematinë ekonomika (110),

12 tarptautiniø ekonominiø organizacijø tinklalapiai (33), demografijos (134), centriniø bankø (177), kitø finansiniø ir konsultacijø institucijø bei kitos DB grupës.

Academic Departments (522) Financial Economics (142) Macroeconomics (37) Agricultural Economics (35) Forecasting and Consulting (118) Microeconomics (75) Conferences (125) Game Theory (253) Organizations (33) Consumption and Wealth (20) Health Economics (28) People (674) Development Economics (89) Indicators and Statistics (137) Philosophy of Economics (14) Directories (21) Institutes (54) Political Economics (20) Econometrics (63) Institutional Economics (24) Publications (117) Economic History (91) International Economics (12) Schools of Thought (271) Economic Systems (48) Issues in Society (897) Sports Economics (19) Education (45) Labor Economics (62) Trade Policy (36) Environmental Economics (83) Libraries (10) Urban Economics (25) Evolutionary Economics (21)

Related Categories: Society > Organizations > Local Currency Systems (20) Science > Math > Applications > Mathematical Economics and Financial Mathematics (106)

The International Finance Corporation - http://www.ifc.org/ IFC is a member of the World Bank Group. It finances and provides advice for private sector ventures and projects in developing countries in partnership with private investors and, through its advisory work, helps governments create conditions that stimulate the flow of both domestic and foreign private savings and investment. Council of Economic Advisers - http://www.whitehouse.gov/cea/ A three member council that analyzes and interprets economic developments and advises the President of the United States on national economic policy. Publishes Economic Report of the President, Monthly Economic Indicators and other analysis and data. Library of Economics and Liberty - http://www.econlib.org/ Provides concise encyclopedia, classic texts, articles, and data links by topic.

http://www.inomics.com/cgi/econdir – tai labai panaðios struktûros bei pasikartojanèiø finansø ir ekonomikos ðaltiniø, kiek maþesnës apimties internetiniø nuorodø svetainë (þr. meniu):

13 · Academic Departments · Environmental Economics · Macroeconomics · Agricultural Economics · Evolutionary Economics · Microeconomics · Conferences · Financial Economics · Organizations · Consumption and Wealth · Forecasting and Consulting · People · Development Economics · Game Theory · Political Economics · Directories · Indicators and Statistics · Publications · Econometrics · Institutes · Schools of Thought · Economic History · Institutional Economics · Sports Economics · Economic Systems · International Economics · Urban Economics · Education · Labor Economics

Panaði ir daugiau akademinio profilio internetinë Niujorko universiteto ekonomikos intelektiniø produktø ir veiklos rezultatø paieðkø svetainë: http:/ /www.oswego.edu/~economic/econweb.htm.

Economics Blogs Links to economics blogs. Classic works in economics and political economy A collection of links to online editions of classic texts in economics and political economy. Economics textbooks available online Texts distributed on the internet. Data sources Find economic data and statistics online for use in research projects. Economics journals This is one of the most extensive collections of links to economic jour nals on the internet. In most cases, the home pages for the journals provide tables of contents for recent and forthcoming issues. Quite often, however, you can also find the full text of selected articles on line. Economic associations Visit the web sites of some of the major economic associations. Find out about their activities, conferences, membership, and related information. Economic consulting and forecasting services The home pages of economic consulting and forecasting firms often contain useful collections of statistics and links to economic resources. Economic institutes and research organizations The home pages for economic institutes and research organizations generally contain useful information (and occasionally data) on top ics related to their past and ongoing research projects.

14 Abu pastarieji greitkeliai riboti tuo, kad jie – akademinës pakraipos, juose maþiau atsispindi naujausios verslo, finansø sandoriø ir ekonomikos þiniø sritys, faktinis ðiuolaikinës ekonomikos gyvenimas. Socialiniø mokslø informacinio interneto greitkelio ekonomikos dalies svetainës adresas: http://sosig.esrc.bris.ac.uk/economics. Joje iðskirtos ðios sritys: mikro- ir makroekonomika, pramonë ir prekyba, finansø ir aplinkosaugos ekonomika, tarptautinë ir regioninë ekonomika, ekonominë plëtra, turizmas, politinë ekonomija ir matematinë ekonomika, ekonominë istorija, ekonominës sistemos bei teorijos ir kt. Smulkesnë dalykinë klasifikacija yra padrika, bet aiðkiai skiriami probleminiai ir mokomieji ðaltiniai, publikacijos, vertingi profesiniai apibendrinimai; ji papildo Google internetiná socialiniø– ekonominiø paieðkø þinynà. Sudedamosios ðios svetainës dalys yra adresai, skirti finansø ir ekonomikos tinklui (http://www.ssrn.com/fen/index.html; … /update/ ern/index.html). Informacija – daugiausia publikacijos – prenumeruojama (mokama).

Socialiniø mokslø informacijos vartø (Social Science Information Gate- way; www.sosig.ac.uk):

Ðaltinis: SOSIG, ILRT, University of Bristol & The Library, Newcastle Uni- versity.

15 Reuters informacinës agentûros (Reuters.com) finansø DB apima 180 birþø bei nebirþø sandoriø duomenis, gaunamus ið daugiau kaip 4000 informacijos padaliniø, ir skelbia juos keturiomis kalbomis milijonams skirtingø ðaliø internautø bei maþdaug 300 tûkst. finansininkø, 18 tûkst. brokeriø ðiais klausimais: 1. Money 2000 – uþsienio valiutø kursai, vert. metalø kainos, valstybës iþdo bei korporacijø skolos, trumpalaikiø finansiniø priemoniø kursai. 2. Debt 2000 – pinigø rinkø ir iþdo skolos investicinës priemonës; turtu, akcijomis ir obligacijomis padengtos skolos. 3. Treasury 2000 – paslaugos, apimanèios abi nurodytas finansiniø priemoniø grupes. 4. Securities 2000 – 28 tûkst. vertybiniø popieriø kursai, savitarpio fondø ir patikëtiniø trestø kotiruotës, korporacijø skolos per 5 pastaruosius metus 25 rinkose, duomenys apie bendroviø áplaukas bei buhalterinius balansus. 5. Energy 2000 – energetikos þaliavø ir paslaugø bei jø finansiniai rodikliai pasaulio rinkose. 6. Commodities 2000 – pagrindiniø prekiø grupiø esamø, bûsimøjø ir pasirinkimo sandoriø duomenys pasaulio rinkose. 7. Futures 2000 – bûsimøjø ir pasirinkimo sandoriø duomenys prekiø bei finansø pasaulio rinkose. 8. Markets 2000 – paslaugos, apimanèios nurodytas finansiniø priemoniø grupes: Commodities 2000, Debt 2000, Energy 2000, Money 2000, Securities 2000, Treasury 2000, and Futures 2000. 9. Shipping 2000 – laivø frachto ir gabenimo paslaugø rodikliai. 10. Third Party Products – Reuters informacija iš Capital Management, Consolidated Physical Commodities, FRI, International Insider, Maria Ramirez, Money Market Services (MMS), OMR, Petroleum Argus, Strandard & Poor’s, Toyo Keizai, Trendsetter, Jiji Press, Nikkei, Metal Bulletin, First Call, CDA Spectrum and Prophesy ir kt DB. 11. News 2000 – tekstinë informacija ið visø didþiøjø pasaulio rinkø (jos variantas japonø kalba – 12. REUTERSCOOP). 13. Reuters On Demand – periodinë einamoji informacija apie ávykius finansø ir kitose rinkose visà parà. 14. Reuter Business and Insurance Briefing – tekstinë einamoji informacija apie ávykius finansø ir kitose rinkose su istorine ávykiø raidos apþvalga, skirta bendroviø finansininkams. 15. Decision 2000 – daugiavaliutës kiekybinës bei fundamentinës analizës priemoniø DB, apimanti maþdaug 3 mln. pajamø analizës priemoniø. 16. Reuter East European Briefing – periodinë einamoji informacija apie ávykius finansø ir kitose Rytø Europos rinkose. 17. Reuter European Community Report – tekstinë periodinë einamoji informacija apie ávykius finansø ir kitose Europos Sàjungos rinkose. 18. Reuter Textline – Reuters ávykiø eigos informacija, teikiama kitiems verslo informacijos platintojams: Data-Star, Mead Data Central, Dialog Information Services, FT Profile, M.A.I.D. ir kt. 19. Reuters finansinës ir techninës analizës kompiuteriniø priemoniø DB: CBOT Market Profile, Stochastics and Bollinger; Excel Real-time Spreadsheet; Fxcalc; Reuter Terminal Graphics ir kt. DB. 20. Trendlink – finansø bei energetikos finansiniø priemoniø ilgalaikës dinamikos rodikliø DB. 21. Deal Manager ir Dealing 2000 – didelio greièio sandoriø elektroniniø komunikacijø DB. 22. Globex – bûsimøjø ir pasirinkimo sandoriø uþdarius birþas sistema, veikianti kartu su Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME), the Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT) ir Euronext. 23. Instinet Screen – brokeriniø operacijø akcijomis ir jø analizës DB sistema, ir kt.

16 Reuters verslo meniu pateiktas toliau: ABOUT US Strategy Editorial Policy Company Overview Products Snapshot Key Facts Reuters Worldwide Reuters News Contacts Company Organisation CONTACT REUTERS Institutional Sales & Trading CSR & GOVERNANCE Asset Management & Research Community Enterprise Environment Media Global Environmental Policy Group Portfolio Workplace Reuters Group & JV subsidiaries Marketplace Reuters Board Corporate Governance The Executive Team Compliance Statement Reuters Independence & Trust Principles Service Contracts Reuters History Accounting Principles Paul Julius Reuter Articles of Association Milestones of his Life Code of Ethics for CEO and Senior Financial An 1883 Memo Officers Famous Reuters People Remuneration Policy History of Information & Innovation Directors’ Share Options History of Reuters Technical Developments Directors’ Dealings Press Releases Reuters Group Archive Committees The Board of Reuters Group PLC INVESTORS Share Price Reuters Independence & Trust Principles Share Chart Staff Memorandum Historical Share Price Look Up (Download) News and Events Analyst Coverage Press Releases Company Overview Presentations Key Facts Financial Diary Reuters News Results Strategy Archived Results Company Organisation 2003 Institutional Sales & Trading 2002 Asset Management & Research 2001 Enterprise 2000 Media Group Portfolio Reuters Board The Executive Team

17 Financial Data Shareholder Services Profit and Loss Account Ordinary Shareholders Cash Flow Statement American Depositary Shareholders Balance Sheet FAQs Cost Drivers Shareholder Structure Historical Trends Share Capital Changes Eleven year consolidated financial summary AGM Information March 2004 UK GAAP Reconciliation Debt December 2003 UK GAAP Reconciliation Contact Us September 2003 UK GAAP Reconciliation Group Structure June 2003 UK GAAP Reconciliation Analysis of Debt Investor Presentations - UK GAAP ReconciliationFinancial Convenants Recurring Revenue Model Debt Facilities Company Reports Debt Analysis Coverage 2002, 2001, 2000 Alert Service Previous Years PRESS OFFICE Company Overview History of Reuters Technical Developments Key Facts Reuters Group Archive Reuters News SPONSORSHIP Company Organisation PARTNERS & GLOBAL ALLIANCES Services for Asset Managers Overview Investment Banking Categories Treasury Services Level of Memberships Corporates & Media Partner Benefits Group Portfolio PRODUCTS & SERVICES Reuters Board Financial Products The Executive Team Commodities & Energy Editorial Policy Institutional Equities Reuters Independence & Trust Principles Fixed Income Press Releases Treasury Media Library Portfolio Managment Photographs Investment Banking & Research The Executive Team Corporates Places Wealth Managment Archive Enterprise Solutions Products & Events Risk Managment Webcasts Media Products Investor Presentations Television & Video Reuters History Newswire Paul Julius Reuter Pictures Milestones of his Life Graphics An 1883 Memo Online Products Famous Reuters People Financial Terms History of Information & Innovation

18 Europos verslo mokyklos finansø ir ekonomikos paieðkos portalas: http:/ /www.eco5.com – rinkos, praëjusio laikotarpio statistika ir prognozës, globalios ir regioninës ekonominës naujienos, tyrimø publikacijos ir þodynai, tarptautinës ir nacionalinës institucijos internetinëse DB.

Adding value by selection. Research portal for finance and economics concept contact imprint disclaimer

global financial historical data & research papers (inter)national markets orecasts & tools institutions quotes, stock indices, yields, studies, dictionar- central banks, charts, news ... forex, gdp ... ies, software ... ministries, wto ... global & regional job & internship offers mba, phd & off-the- university rankings news careers for high job global & regional newspapers, financial potentials ... mba, mif, cfa, cpa, rankings ... news ... toefl, sat ...

Ekonominiø sàsajø paieðkos svetainës http://econlinks.com; Econo- micsSearch.com – naujienø, analizës, duomenø ir tekstø internetinës DB. Yra nedideli aiðkinamieji þodynëliai, paðnekesiø svetainë. Paieðka daþniausiai atliekama per didþiuosius universalius serverius (þr. meniu struktûrà):

Glossary Palm Store Economics News and Commentary Book Suggestions Amazon Store Department of Labor: BLS: News Releases Textbook Search Shopping Center Department of Commerce: BEA: News Releases Bulletin Board Credit Card Center Economics Data and Analysis Chat Rooms Loan Center Site Endorsements Insurance Center · Economic Calendars Visitors online : 6 Travel Center · Economic Indicators at a Glance Total visits: 2178354 State of the Economy Economic Analysis Economics Data

19 Economics Links · Dr. T’s Book Suggestions · Research Resources · Publishers · Departments · Web Libraries · Textbook Search · Economists · Grants · Software · Professional Associations · Consulting and Forecasting · Reference Desk · Job Center · Teaching Resources · Faculty Salary · Conferences · Online Texts · Discussion Lists · US Government Information · Course Pages · News · Institutions and Agencies · Distance Learning · Chat Rooms · Think Tanks · Resources for Students · Other Major Sites · Glossary · Course Tutorials · Economics Quotes · Blogs · Career Options for Econ Majors · Economist Jokes · Resources by Field · Rankings · The Daily Cartoon

Hot Picks · The Economists’ Voice · Project Syndicate · Library of Economics and Liberty · Encyclopedia of Law and Economics · London School of Economics Teaching Resources

http://www.tripod.lycos.com/bin/directory/subcategories? categ= business – finansø ir kitø rinkø rodikliø bei analizës, e. prekybos, marketingo, nekilnojamojo turto, ûkio ðakø ir tarptautinio verslo DB nuorodø internetiniai tinklalapiai.

Business Education and training Management Accounting Electronics and electrical Marketing and advertising Aerospace and defense Employment Mining and drilling Agriculture and forestry Energy and environment Opportunities Arts and entertainment Financial services Publishing and printing Automotive Food and related products Real estate Biotechnology and pharmaceuticals Healthcare Regional Business and society Hospitality Resources Business services Human resources Retail trade Chemicals Industrial goods and services Small business Construction and maintenance Information technology Telecommunications Cooperatives International business and trade Textiles and nonwovens Customer service Investing Transportation and logistics E-commerce Major companies Wholesale trade

20 Ið minëtinø finansø ir ekonomikos greitkelio serveriø iðskirtini tokie universalûs adresai, kuriø klasifikacija yra keliø tarptautiniø klasifikacijø modifikuota sintezë kaip daugeliu jau nurodytø atvejø, áskaitant ir ðiuos: • Tarptautinio pinigø fondo bankininkystës DB vadovas internete (Guide to Central Banks, Monetary Policy, and Banking Systems, www.imf.org), • Alta Plana tarptautinës ekonomikos vartai (International Economics Gateway, http://altaplana.com/gate.html; plg. paieðkos meniu 1 priede); yra nuorodø á statistines DB ir kitus informacijos ðaltinius (apie 30, .../Gate. resource.html), tarptautines ekonomikos, prekybos ir bankininkystës organizacijas (25, ... /Gate.international.html), pasaulio ðaliø vyriausybinës statistikos, prekybos bei finansø (.../Gate.national.html) ir korporacinës ekonomikos (apie 40, .../ Gate.corporate.html) tinklalapius:

International Economics Gateway This gateway page links to information on a number of domains relevant to international economics The earliest version of this page was constructued for the OECD. Web sites in the following categories: · Resource pages and data archives · International organization pages · National government pages · Corporate servers

Ekonomistø iðtekliai internete (WebEc Resources for Economists http:// rfe.org; http://www.helsinki.fi/WebEc/framef.html; paieðkos meniu 3 priede); Finansinës ekonomikos tinklas (FINWeb, Financial Economics Network, www.finweb.com/finweb.html):

Welcome to FINWeb

FINWeb is a financial economics web site managed by James R. Garven, Ph.D. The primary objective of FINWeb is to list Internet resources providing substantive information concerning economics and finance–related topics. [email protected]

21 Journals WebEc’s List of Economics Journals Economics Research Network (ERN) Home Page The Economics Research Network is dedicated to increasing communication among economics scholars, practitioners, and policymakers throughout the world. Financial Economics Network (FEN) Home Page The purpose of the Financial Economics Network is to increase and enhance communications among professionals interested in what is broadly defined as financial economics. ECONbase Home Page ECONbase is an interactive and searchable database that allows searches for up-to-date information on new and published articles in 32 Elsevier/North-Holland economics journals. Journal of Finance Home Page The Journal of Finance is published under the auspices of The American Finance Association. Journal of Financial Economics Home Page Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis Home Page Net Exposure - The Electronic Journal of Financial Risk Journal of Applied Econometrics (Data archive) Cambridge Journal of Economics (Tables of contents) Review of Economic Studies (Contents) Journal of Business and Economic Statistics (Data Archive) RAND Journal of Economics (Abstracts) Review of Economic Dynamics Review of Financial Studies Studies in Nonlinear Dynamics and Econometrics (SNDE)

Tarptautiniai verslo iðtekliai internete (International Business Resources on the Internet, Global Business Knowledge; Mièigano universitetas; http:// globaledge.msu.edu/ibrd/ibrd.asp):

resource desk home | country insights | market potential indicators | glossary | feedback GLOBAL RESOURCES A directory of international business resources categorized by specific orientation and content. Each resource has been selected and reviewed by the globalEDGETM Team. Research News & Periodicals Trade Money Multi-Country Global News Trade Law Stock Exchanges Statistical Data Sources Regional News Trade Portals Banks Rankings Publications Trade Tutorials Government Resources Trade Leads Organizations Shows and Events Company Directories Logistics

22 MARKET An indexing study conducted by MSU-CIBER which compares and POTENTIAL ranks 24 emerging markets (as identified by The Economist) on mul- INDICATORS tiple dimensions to encourage the internationalization of companies by identifying global marketing opportunities.

GLOSSARY A compilation of definitions and descriptions of terms and acronyms used for International Business. Includes terms used in economics, finance, investing, accounting, tax, and general business language conventions.

• Martindale tarptautiniø finansø, skaièiuokliø, komercinës teisës, inte- lektinës nuosavybës apsaugos, terminynø, verslo naujienø, ekonomikos pas- kaitø, bibliografijø ir kitø srièiø DB (http://www.martindalecenter.com/RefFi- nance. html), • Pasaulio ekonomikos forumo svetainë (World Economic Forum: http:/ /www.weforum.org/site/knowledgenavigator.nsf/Content/Human+Resources):

Business Strategy Human Resources Corporate Governance Knowledge Management Corporate Social Responsibility Leadership E-commerce Marketing/Branding Entrepreneurship and Innovation Mergers and Acquisitions

• Ekonominio tinklo internete projektas (NetEc, Network Economics Pro- ject; netec.mcc.ac.uk/NetEc.html) – dabar svetainës RePEc (http://www. repec.org/) sudedamoji:

RePEc (Research Papers in Economics) is a collaborative effort of hundreds of volunteers in 51 countries to enhance the dissemination of research in economics. The heart of the project is a decentralized database of working papers, journal articles and software components. All RePEc material is freely available. The RePEc database holds over 357,000 items of interest, over 257,000 of which are available online: 170,000 working papers 185,000 journal articles 1,300 software components 1,600 book and chapter listings 8,600 author contact and publication listings 9,300 institutional contact listings

23 http://ypng.infospace.com/home/yellow–pages/index/–/–/Business – paieðkos serverio verslo DB, sudaroma derinant paieðkø skirtinguose mega- serveriuose (Dogpile®, WebCrawler®, MetaCrawler®, WebFetch™) kriterijus ir apibendrinant gautus rezultatus:

Award–winning directory sites include Switchboard® and InfoSpace®. Online yellow page sites are designed to make it easier for users to locate businesses, people and information online, while creating optimal revenue opportunities for advertisers and listings partners, such as Verizon SuperPages, BellSouth, and Dex Media. InfoSpace ranks as the third largest online directory services provider on the Internet.

Tarptautiniø santykiø Oxford Analytica yra interneto bankiniø ir kitø finan- sø srièiø DB nuorodø direktorija: http://www.internationalaffairs.com/Analy- sis/Topic_Areas/Industry/Banking/banking.html; http://www.oxan.com/cr/:

Consultancy and Research Services. Capitalising on our global network of over 1,000 scholar experts in politics, economics, public policy and industry, as well as Oxford Analytica’s own highly regarded full–time professional staff, Consultancy and Research Services are designed to help clients manage risks and exploit opportunities. Risk identification, assessment, monitoring Scenario planning Political & economic Early Warning Systems Sectors, trends, issues Executive education We support leading businesses, governments and international organisations in understanding the complex forces affecting them, managing risks, developing strategies, and taking informed decisions. How our knowledge supports our clients. Consultancy and Research Services are individually tailored to provide high value–added analysis, with each project deploying the resources of Oxford Analytica to best meet the client’s needs. See someexamples of recently completed projects. Our competencies include expertise in political economy, public policy and industry issues.

Tiriamieji straipsniai ið ekonomikos, ekonominës bibliografijos DB (BibE, bibliography in economics working papers in economics, WoPEc – econpapers. repec.org);

· 169,702 Working Papers (114,559 downloadable) in 1,471 series · 185,872 Journal Articles (140,976 downloadable) in 445 journals · 1,336 Software Items (1,322 downloadable) in 21 series · 624 Books (492 downloadable) in 20 series · 1,432 Chapters (1,432 downloadable) in 34 series · 8,807 Authors and 3,737 individuals have registered in the RePEc Author Service

24 Visa informacija gali bûti ieðkoma sugrupuota pagal JEL (tarptautinës ekonomikos srities publikacijø) klasifikacijos grupes ir kodus: Subject/JEL Codes A General Economics and Teaching A B Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology C Mathematical and Quantitative Methods D Microeconomics B E Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics F International Economics G Financial Economics C H Public Economics I Health, Education, and Welfare J Labor and Demographic Economics K Law and Economics D L Industrial Organization M Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting N Economic History O Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth P Economic Systems Q Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics R Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics Other Special Topics

EBSCO informacijos paslaugø bendrovë (http://www.epnet.com) – pasaulinis lyderis elektroninës þurnalø ir e. komercijos knygø leidybos srityse ir daugiau nei 100 moksliniø tyrimø bei bibliotekø (vyriausybës ir moksliniø) DB perþiûros ir informacijos tvarkymo srityse (áskaitant korporacinæ vadybà, mokomàjà, sveikatos ekonomikà). EBSCO Publishing padalinys apþvelgia 4 000 periodiniø leidiniø (http:/ /search.epnet.com/). Tai ribojamo naudojimo svetainë:

Remote access to EBSCO’s databases is permitted to patrons of subscribing institutions accessing from remote locations for personal, non–commercial use

25 Economist Intelligence Unit svetainëse (http://www.lexisnexis.com/ productsandservices/) galima rasti ávairiausiø pasaulio ðaliø konjunktûros, plë- tros ir aplinkosaugos padëties vertinimø, draudimo, kapitalo, statistikos, e. verslo, kapitalo rinkø ir atsiskaitymø informacijos, dalyvauti e. forumuose (http://web.nexis.com/sources/scripts/, þr. detalesná meniu 4.3. priede). Kita vertus, paminëtinos ðios finansø bei ekonomikos sudedamosios DB universalaus pobûdþio paieðkos serveriø svetainëse: Yahoo finansiniai puslapiai (http://dir.yahoo.com/Business_and_ Eco- nomy; http://finance.yahoo.com), Tarptautinë verslo interneto puslapiø direktorija (Bizlink, International Business Directory; www.bizlink.org) teikia ir mokesèiø ataskaitø konsultacijas: ES 600 000 bendroviø vadinamieji europuslapiai, apimantys 35 ðaliø verslo informacijà 25 kalbomis (Europages, The European Business Direc- tory; www. europages.com):

KATALOGAS SKELBIMAI VIEÐIEJI SANDORIAI MANO SÀSKAITA Raskite prekiø arba paslaugø tiekëjo koordinates (telefonas, faksas, el. paðtas, adresas)

Ieðkoti prekës arba paslaugos OK Pagal ámonës pavadinimà OK Paieðka pagal temà OK

ES statistikos DB (Eurostat, europa.eu.int/comm/eurostat/, smulkiau þr. þinyno 3 skyriø).

TABLES DATA METHODOLOGY PUBLICATIONS

Structural indicators - full view Euro-Indicators - full view General economic background Balance of payments Employment Business and consumer surveys

26 Innovation and research Consumer prices Economic reform External trade Social cohesion Industry, commerce and services Environment Labour market Monetary and financial indicators Sustainable development indicators - full view National accounts Economic development Poverty and social exclusion Long-term indicators - full view Ageing society Economy and finance Public health Population and social conditions Climate change and energy Industry, trade and services Production and consumption patterns Agriculture, forestry and fisheries Management of natural resources External trade Transport Transport Good governance Environment and energy

Europos integruotø verslo sprendimø, informaciniø technologijø ir ekonominiø tyrimø archyvas (EURODATA Research Archyve; www. eurodatasystems.com):

27 JAV ekonomikos duomenø bazë (EconData: A Source of Economic Time Series Data; University of Maryland; inforumweb.umd.edu/Econdata.html):

RESOURCES FOR ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

Inforum is a research organization dedicated to improving business forecasting and government policy analysis. For nearly thirty–five years, its forecasts, models, and consulting services have been used by American and international businesses and governments. Inforum’s forecasts and analysis are based on economic models that combine input–output analysis with econometric equations about consumer and investment behavior to forecast output, prices, and employment for up to 320 detailed industries to the year 2020.

MODELS

LIFT – The LIFT model is an integrated interindustry macroeconomic model. At its core is the interindustry model, which calculates sectoral outputs based on econometric forecasts of demands for each good, as well as the dynamically changing structure of the economy. The interindustry model also calculates prices for each industry, based on unit intermediate costs and value added. Macroeconomic results in the model are determined in large part through the aggregation of forecast industry variables. Although the typical forecast horizon for LIFT is to 2020, a version of LIFT is available that forecasts to 2080. ILIAD – The Iliad model translates the forecast from LIFT to a finer level of industrial detail. Iliad maintains detail for 320 industrial sectors. The calculation of outputs, imports, prices and employment are endogenous to Iliad. INTERNATIONAL MODELS – Inforum currently maintains interindustry macroeconomic models for 12 countries. These models are constructed using the same model building software as Lift and Iliad. They are linked through a biliteral model of trade by commodity. QUEST – Quest is a freely available model developed for teaching purposes by Clopper Almon. In working with Quest you learn many elements of the Inforum model building philosophy. DPM – DPM is the Demographic Projections Model. It forecasts population by age, as well as labor supply and fertility. Population and labor supply projections from DPM are used as exogenous inputs to the LIFT model.

Forecasts Macroeconomic Industry Demographic Occupational International Resources for Business Analysis

28 Pasaulinës ekonominiø ir socialiniø duomenø lentelës (196 valstybës; World Tables of Economic and Social Indicators; www.worldbank.org/data/ countrydata/countrydata.html; www.worldbank.org/data/archive/cdrom/cd– tabls.htm; www.data–archive.ac.uk/findingData; www.pop.psu.edu/data– archive/daman/sei.htm) ir kt.

AbaoutCountries Data & Research LearningNews Projects & Operations Publications Topics

This new website includes outcome indicators based on the Millennium Development Goals and on countries’ own poverty reduction and development objectives. It will monitor development progress and link outcomes to IDA country programs and projects, enabling better assessment of how both countries and IDA are doing, and quicker and more flexible responses to changes on the ground. Key Products World Development Indicators Data Resources Global Development Finance Education database Global Economic Prospects Gender database Development World Development Reports Health, Nutrition and Data & statistics Quarterly External Debt Statistics Population database

FEATURED PROGRAMS International Comparison Program Internationally comparable data are crucial to forming sustainable policies and monitoring progress. Purchasing Power Parities account for price differences between countries and so measure real quantities. World Development Indicators 2005 The Bank’s annual compendium of economic, social, environmental, business, and technology indicators, the WDI, reports that only 33 countries are on track to reach the 2015 goal of reducing child mortality by two–thirds from its 1990 level. Millennium Development Goals The Millennium Development Goalsset targets for reductions in poverty, improvements in health and education and protection of the environment. Updated with WDI 2005 data and an interactive charting tool to compare and track progress. Statistical Capacity Building The World Bank offers technical assistance to member countries in need to create an adequate statistical base for the analysis of economic, financial and social developments necessary to guide policy making.

29 Intelektiniø verslo ir finansø iðtekliø direktorijas internete pateikia BRINT institutas http://www.brint.com/ kartu su nuorodomis á kitus specializuotus portalus ir birþø svetaines:

The Premier Global Knowledge Network for Business Technol- ogy Professionals tBusiness Technology – Information Economy – Knowledge Management Award–winning Content, Commu- nity, Research, and Practices.

Services: Knowledge Portals · Knowledge Map · Knowledge Network · Book of Knowledge Channels: General Business · Business Technology · E–Business · Knowledge Management Community: Join the Network! · Community Forums · Community Events · Executive Jobs 1st Generation. Business Technology Enterprises Information Infrastructure· Intellectual Property· Copyrights · Patents · Trade Marks · Small Business Process Reengineering · Business Processes · Balanced Scorecard · Workflows · Benchmarking · Best Practices · Process Improvement · Six Sigma · Organizational Learning · Computer Supported Cooperative Work · Groupware · Enterprise Resource Planning · Virtual Organization · Virtual Corporation · Virtual Teams · Telework · Telecommuting · Virtual Office · Strategic Sourcing· Outsourcing · Business Intelligence · Data Management · Data Warehousing · Data Storage · Data Communications · Data Mining · OLTP · OLAP · more… 2nd Generation. e–Business & E–Commerce Enterprises e–Business · Electronic Commerce · Electronic Business · Electronic Markets · Electronic Payments Internet Regulation · Customer Relationship Management · Supply Chain Manage- ment · Enterprise Application Integration · Internet · Intranets · Extranets · Enterprise Portals · Enterprise Information Portals · Application Service Providers · Managed Service Providers · Web Marketing Internet Advertising ·Online Services · Internet Security ·Internet Privacy · Internet Law · Web Standards · Wireless Internet · Wireless Web · ERP · CRM · EAI · WAP · Linux · XML · UDDI · P2P · B2B · B2C · more.. 3rd Generation. Knowledge Management Enabled Networks Knowledge Management · Intellectual Capital · Learning Organizations · Organizational Learn- ing · Systems Thinking · Chaos Theory · Systems Dynamics · Adaptive Systems · Complexity · Complex Systems · Emergence · Virtual Communities · Communities of Practice · Reflective Learning · Collaborative Learning · Collaborative Communication · Knowledge Portals · Creative Innovation · Critical Thinking Critical Inquiry · Business Intelligence · Emotional Intelligence · Knowledge Creation · Rationality · Epistemology · Ontology · Brain and Mind ·

Kai kuriø pagarsëjusiø serveriø meniu struktûrinimas (pvz., Yahoo) gana sparèiai siaurëja, jis ágauna pernelyg pragmatinæ (taikomàsias) orientacijà á investuotojus, apmokymà ir terminijà, bankines ir kitas operacijas. Taip pat iðryðkinamos DB, skirtos tam tikrai ekonominei tematikai arba atskiriems regionams. Suprantama, kad daugumai interneto klientø orientuojantis á verslo (komercijos, investavimo – birþø ir kitus finansinius) arba vartotojiðkus (marketingo, kokybës vertinimo, tiekimo) interesus, ðiuos poreikius tenkinanèios paieðkos rubrikos neretai uþgoþia ir nustumia kitas (kultûrines, tiriamàsias) rubrikas á antrà vietà.

30 ES ekonominës ir pinigø erdvës plëtra reikalauja suderinti ir tobulinti konkreèius finansus ir verslo institucijø vadybos veiksmus, ir praktiniø strateginiø sprendimø bei informacinës paramos ið svarbiausiø ES informaciniø tarnybø ir reglamentø svetainiø kriterijus (jø nuorodø meniu ES DB plg. http://www.eu.int/ index_en.htm). Ið jø iðskirtume ðias, kaip nusipelniusias iðsamesniø api- bendrinimø:

1. Europos Parlamentas (http://www.europarl.eu.int/home/default_en.htm); 2. Europos Sàjungos Taryba (http://ue.eu.int/showPage.ASP?lang=en); 3. Europos Sàjungos Komisija (http://www.eu.int/comm/index_en.htm); 4. Europos investicijø bankas (EIB); 5. Ekonominiai ir finansiniai reikalai (http://ue.eu.int/showPage.asp?id= 250&lang=en); 6. Europos Bendrijos teisës stebëjimai (SELEX, apima ir biudþeto, tarptautinës prekybos, uþimtumo ir kitos DB, http://www2.europarl. eu.int/oeil/index.jsp?language=en); 7. Europos auditoriø rûmai (http://www.eca.eu.int/index_en.htm); 8. Europos industriniø ryðiø stebëjimas (EIROnline); 9. Europietiðkø gyvenimo ir darbo sàlygø gerinimas (EUROFOUND, http://www.eurofound. eu.int/); 10. Suvienodinti ES leidþiamosios valdþios ástatymai (CON–TEXTS); 11. Europos centrinis bankas (ECB, http://www.ecb.int/ecb/orga/escb/html/index.en.html); 12. Europos centriniø bankø sistema (ESCB); 13. ES investicijø bankas (EIB, http://www.eib.eu.int); 14. Europos investicijø fondas(http://www.eif.eu.int); 15. ES tyrimø ir plëtros informacija (CORDIS, http://www.eu.int/pol/rd/index_en.htm); 16. Europos ekonominis ir socialinis komitetas (ECOSOC, http://www.esc.eu.int/pages/en/ home.asp); 17. Europos patentø biuro informacija (ESP@CENET); 18. Europos Bendrijos statistikos biuras (EUROSTAT); 19. Informacija apie ES valstybes nares (EU CITIZENSHIP); 20. ES informaciniø rinkø ir informacinës visuomenës klausimai (I*M EUROPE, http:// www.eu.int/pol/infso/index_en.htm; http://www.eu.int/scadplus/leg/en/s21012.htm# ECOMMERCE); 21. Europos institucijø direktorija (EU INST, http://www.eu.int/agencies/index_en.htm); 22. ES regionø politika ir regionø komitetas (http://www.cor.eu.int/en/index.htm; http:// www.eu.int/pol/reg/index_en.htm); 23. ES dokumentø pristatymo tarnyba (EUDOR); 24. ES dokumentø apsaugos prieþiûra (http://www.edps.eu.int/01_en_ presentation.htm); 25. Informacija apie ES veiklà ekonominiais ir socialiniais reikalais (POLICIES); 26. ES teisë (EUR–LEX, http://www.eu.int/eur–lex/lex/en/index.htm); 27. Uþimtumo, socialiniø reikalø lygiø galimybiø taryba (http://www. eu.int/comm/ employment_social/index_en.html;http://www.eu.int/pol/socio/index_en.htm) ir kt.

31 Tarptautiniø finansø ir ekonomikos greitkeliø klasifikavimo kriterijai daþniausiai nustatomi ribotos trukmës lakotarpiu, jie neretai modifikuojami. Tai priklauso nuo kintanèiø paieðkos ir verslo klientø interesø, kurie fiksuo- jami faktiniais atliktø paieðkø profiliais atsiþvelgiant á naujas globalizacijos, investicijø ir kitas perspektyvas. Iðskirtiniais atvejais klasifikavimo meniu siekiama iðsaugoti specifiná profilá, nesvarbu, ar tai bûtø universalusis inves- ticinës paskirties, ar tiriamøjø analitiniø tikslø profilis. Pastaruoju atveju daugiau dëmesio skiriama moksliniø publikacijø paieðkai, specialiø (pro- fesiniø) paskaitø ir terminijos DB. Prie daugiaprofiliniø informaciniø finansinës analitikos centrø priskirtina JAV korporacija Dun & Bradstreet, pateikianti duomenis apie maþdaug 70 mln. bendroviø visame pasaulyje finansinæ bûklæ (finansiniai balansai, mokëjimø ir kiti ásipareigojimai, pelningumas, susiliejimai, aktyvø likvidumas), mokesèiø ir muitø ir investicinio klimato apþvalgas pagal veiklos profilius, regionus, rinkas 180 pasaulio ðaliø, apie bendrovëms suteikiamø Moodies ir S&P skolos ir mokumo áverèiø reitingus, eksporto specifikacijas, konkurencijos ir kreditavimo sàlygas (ðalis–firma– produktai arba paslaugos), marketingo, finansø kvalifikaciniø reikalavimø bei specialistø rengimo informacijà (þr. www.dnb.com). Be apþvalginës ir analitinës informacijos, Dun & Bradstreet investuotojams skelbia tarptautines komerciniø rizikø bei mokumo apþvalgas, rizikos maþinimo ir kitas reko- mendacijas. Panaðaus pobûdþio, bet maþesnës verslo ir finansinës informacijos DB yra Dialog (www. dialog.com, www.dialogselect.com) ir Data–Star (www. datastarweb. com; www. datastar.net) europinës informacinës korporacijos. Visos ðios DB yra tik epizodiðkai atviros, o uþ galimybæ laisvai bet kada prie jø prieiti (prenumeratà) reikia mokëti.

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Be jau plaèiai þinomø tarptautiniø finansø ir ekonomikos greitkeliø klasifikaciniø sistemø, pastaraisiais metais pasirodë ir keletas bandymø pateikti sulietuvintà kriterijø meniu. Ið jø paminëtina VDU magistro Simo Juðkevièiaus iniciatyva sudaryti apibendrintà DB, kuri grupuotø nuorodas (adresus) á specializuotas interneto duomenø bazes. Dël ávairiø, daugiausia autoriniø teisiø apsaugos, keblumø ir kitø aplinkybiø jo portalas ðiuo metu yra uþdarytas. Kaip ir paplitusiuose Yahoo ir panaðiuose portaluose, jame pragmatiniais sumetimais pritaikyta negrieþta miðri institucijø ir interesø srièiø bei funkcijø meniu iðski- riant: tarptautines organizacijas; centrinæ bankininkystæ; rinkos reguliavimo institucijas; birþas ir bankus; investicinius fondus ir investicijø valdymà; finansø analitikos priemones; finansinës informacijos paieðkà (tarptautinës rinkos duomenis, naujienas); taip pat investicines priemones: akcijas, obligacijas, valiutas, iðvestinius indeksus, finansø mokymà (þr. pav.). Tikëkimës, kad pradedantiems verslininkams tokios paieðkos sistemos, kaip ir apskritai kitø sulietuvintø kompiuteriniø programø bei priemoniø meniu, bus naudingas ávadas tobulinant profesiniø paieðkø patirtá. Vis dëlto jos neatstoja bûtinybës gerai mokëti anglø kalbà toliau atliekant paieðkà.

33 Universalûs finansiniai portalai

• Yahoo! Finance – investicinës ir kitos rinkos, online informacija, fondai, bendruomenës, tyrimai, naujienos; asmeniniai finansai: investavimas á senatvæ atsiskaitymai, mokesèiai, draudimas, paskolos. 1. • CBS MarketWatch – JAV ir tarptautinës finansø rinkos, komentarai, naujienos. • CNN Financial – JAV finansø rinkos, naujienos, komentarai, asmeniniai finansai, patarimai, smulkusis verslas, skai- èiuotuvai. • Microsoft Investor – rinkos, fondai, in- vesticijø portfelis, patarimai, investiciniai sprendimai. 2. • Quicken.com – rinkos, fondai, akcijos, naujienos, investicijø portfelis. • Wall Street City – rinkos, fondai, inves- ticijø portfelis, patarimai, analizë, prekyba. • The Daily Rocket – rinkos, naujienos, analizë (DB ðiuo metu atnaujinama). • The Motley Fool – verslo ir finansinës 3. naujienos, rinkos komentarai, konferencijos, pagalba pradedantiesiems, inves- ticijø portfeliai. • Wall Street Reserch Net – informacija apie rinkas, bendroves, ekonominiø tyri- 1. Nasdaq 2. Dow Jones mø rezultatai. 3. S&P 500 • The Online Investor – rinkos, bendroviø analizë, investicijø interneto vadovas. • USA Today Market Scoreboard – rinkos, indeksai, investuotojo árankiai.

34 • CnetNews.com Investor – rinkos, indeksai, naujienos, konferencijos, analitika, naujienos. • Zagury.com – birþos, fondai, bankai, finansø terminai, valiutø kursai. • Morning Star – bendroviø akcijø, fondø analitika, investicijø portfelis, konsultacijos investicijø klausimais. • Silicon Investor – akcijø naujienos, tyrimai, rinkos instrumentai, investicijø portfelis. • Online Banking Report.com – finansiniø naujoviø strategijos, 100 didþiausiø JAV finansø institucijø.

Ið nurodytøjø universaliø finansø portalø iðskirtini ðie (kai kurie jø skirtingais aspektais konkreèiau apþvelgiami tolesniuose þinyno skyriuose): • Jau minëtas Yahoo! Finance: rinkos, online informacija, fondai, bendruomenës, tyrimai, naujienos; asmeniniai finansai; investavimas á senatvæ; atsiskaitymai, mokesèiai, draudimas, paskolos. • Bloomberg: rinkos, online informacija, fondai, patarimai (www.bloomberg.com):

Bloomberg.com CHARTS

QUOTES & RESEARCH CHART BUILDER Research Chart Builder Enter symbol Market Monitor Fund Center Select Research Type: Calculators Detailed Quote Money & Life Charts Bloomberg University News Wireless Financial Glossary

35 • MarketWatch: JAV ir tarptautinës finansø rinkos, ypaè opcionø sandoriai; konjunktûros komentarai, verslo ir finansø naujienos (http://www.cbs. marketwatch.com; http://www3.marketwatch.com/Store/products/). • CNN Financial: JAV finansø rinkos, naujienos, komentarai, asmeniniai finansai, patarimai, smulkusis verslas, skaièiuoklës (http://www.money. cnn. com; www.cnnfn.com/markets). • Microsoft Investor: rinkos, fondai, investicijø portfelis, patarimai, investiciniai sprendimai (http://www.moneycentral.msn.com/investor). • Quicken DB: rinkos, fondai, akcijos, naujienos, investicijø portfelis (http:/ /www.quicken.com); finansinës operacijos apsaugotos – jas atlieka tik registruoti naudotojai. • Wall Street City: rinkos, fondai, investicijø portfelis, patarimai, analizë, prekyba, publikacijos ðiais klausimais (Wall Street Reserch Net; www.wallstreet.com; www.tscn.com; www.superstarinvestor.com/WallStreet.html; http:/ /online.wsj.com/public/us; http://www.wallst.com/index2.asp). Investiciniø san- doriø internetinë aplinka yra uþdara. • The Motley Fool: verslo ir finansø naujienos, rinkos komentarai, konferencijos, pagalba pradedantiesiems, investicijø portfeliai (www.fool. com). • The Online Investor: rinkos, bendroviø analizë, investavimo vadovas (www.theonlineinvestor.com). • Zagury. com: abëcëlinës birþø, fondø, komerciniø ir centriniø bankø, finansø terminø ir naujienø, valiutø kursø, finansiniø specialybiø darbo vietø, rizikos kapitalo, specialiø finansø srièiø leidiniø direktorijos (http://www. zagury.com/index.htm). • Banksite pateikia JAV ir kitø bankø direktorijà, 25 finansiniø skaièiuo- kliø tipus, vartojimo paskolø ir finansiniø investicijø individams ir verslui bei marketingo finansø institucijoms paslaugas, populiarius pinigø operacijø puslapius visiems, kas mokosi, taèiau reikia registruotis (http://www. banksite.com/index1.html). Labai iðsamiai apibûdinti vartojamøjø paskolø ir studijø paskolø tipai, kitos finansø priemonës. Banksite interneto paketas kainuoja 2300 JAV doleriø metams.

36 • USA Today Market: rinkos, indeksai, investavimo priemonës, intelek- tinë nuosavybë, IT rinkos (www.usatoday.com/money). Svetainës meniu iðski- riami ðie paieðkos sektoriai:

Money news * Money briefs * Markets * Markets home * Most active stocks * World stocks * Commodities * Currencies * Key interest rates * Internet 50 * Investor Tools * Investor home * Markets Report * Your Portfolio * Stock screener * Fund screener * Snap quote * Economic calendar * Company calendar * Managing Money * News/columns/tips * Calculators * CD and loan rates * Special Sections * Jobs * Small Business * Today in the Sky * Marketplace * Real estate *Arcade * Franchise Center * Special Offers * International Business Index * Business Opportunities * Newspaper Classifieds.

• CnetNews Investor: vertybiniø popieriø ir ekonominës konjunktûros indeksai, apskaitos programos; verslo naujienos, konferencijos, analitika, naujienos (CnetNews.com; investor.news.com; news.com.com). • Morning Star: bendroviø akcijø, fondø analitika, investicijø portfeliai, pagalba investuotojams (www.morningstar.com). • Silicon Investor: inovaciniø firmø akcijø naujienos, tyrimai, rinkos priemonës, investicijø portfelis (www.siliconinvestor.com).

Prie universaliø finansø DB tikslinga skirti ir galingas tarptautines interneto svetaines – Tarptautinio pinigø (valiutos) fondo (imf. int), Tarptautinio atsiskaitymø banko (bis. org) – bei regionines DB, tokias kaip JAV vertybiniø popieriø birþø komisijos (US SEC), Rytø ir Vidurio Europos regioniniø studijø DB (Russian and Eastern European Studies Internet Resources; Central Euro- pean Regional Research Organization, CERRO), islamo ðaliø statistiniø, socialiniø, ekonominiø tyrimø DB (Statistical, Economic and Social Research and Training Centre for Islamic Countries, SESRTCIC), Morgan Stanley ekonominio forumo (Global Economic Forum) ir kitas duomenø bazes. Iðsamesnës nacionalinës informacijos su nuorodomis á tarptautines finan- sø DB teikiamos didþiøjø valstybiø oficialiuosiuose atitinkamos krypties institucijø puslapiuose, pavyzdþiui, JAV Kongreso biudþeto tarnyba: Con- gressional budget office: http://www.cbo.gov/. Ið kitø rubrikø jos meniu iðski- riamos ðios rubrikos: • Einamojo biudþeto ir ekonominës prognozës. • Prezidento siûlymai dël 2006 m. biudþeto ir perspektyviniai ekonominiai rodikliai 2006–2015 biudþetiniams metams.

37 • Ankstesnio laikotarpio ekonominë ir biudþeto statistika. • Biudþeto ir ekonomikos terminø þodynas.

Nors finansines prognozes teikia visos vertybiniø popieriø birþos ir bro- keriniø operacijø centrai, yra ir specializuotø institucijø, pavyzdþiui:

• JAV finansiniø prognoziø centras (http://www.neatideas.com/economics), kas mënesá siejantis finansiniø instrumentø grupiø prognozes su BNP, prekybos indeksais, pinigø suvestiniø dydþiø (makroagregatø), kainø indeksais, aukso, bûsto, naftos tarptautiniø kainø ir panaðiø svarbiø rodikliø prognostine dinamika:

the Financial Forecast CenterTM Money Related Forecasts Home | All Forecasts | Long Range Forecasts | Data | Stock Index Forecasts | Interest Rates Forecasts | Currency Exchage Forecasts | Economic Forecasts 6 Month Forecasts Stock Indexes Money Rates U.S. General Economy Currency Exchange Rates · Dow Jones Industrials Prime Rate Gross Domestic Product Yen to US Dollar S&P 500 3 Month LIBOR Consumer Price Index Euro to US Dollar NASDAQ Composite 3 Month Treasury Gold Prices British Pound to USD Russell 2000 1 Year Treasury Oil Prices Swiss Franc to USD Nikkei 225 5 Year Treasury Unemployment Canadian Dollar to USD DAX 10 Year Treasury Housing Starts Australian Dollar to USD FTSE 100 30 Year Treasury Retail Sales Mexican Peso to USD Wilshire 5000 30 Year MortgageRate Producer Price Index S&P MidCap 400 Fed Funds Industrial Prod. Index Dow Jones Composite M1 Money Supply NYSE Composite Dow Jones Transports Dow Jones Utilities

The Financial Forecast Center provides forecasts related to money: savings, investments, finance, economics, employment and loans. FFC provides free monthly forecasts that extended six months into the future. And, long range forecasts that extended 18 months to 10 years into the future are available by subscription.

38 Tarptautinës Morgan Stenli bendrovës finansiniø investicijø bei turto vadybos DB (http://www.morganstanley.com); investicinës bankininkystës ir investicijø vadybos srityje bendrovëje dirba 53,7 tûkst. þmoniø, 600 bendrovës skyriø 28 ðalyse; svetainës direktorijos struktûra yra tokia:

About Morgan Stanley › Information Request › Corporate Advisory Inside the Company › Shareholder Services › Annual Report Information › Principal Activities › Awards » Press Room › Securities Underwriting › Community Involvement » Tax Basis Worksheet Investment Management › Company Organization » SEC Filings › Investment Management › Corporate Governance » IR Glossary Website › Diversity » Presentations › Private Equity › Factbook › Venture Partners › History Individual Investors Research › Alvin Ailey Individual Investors › Equity › Elizabeth › Fixed Income › Leonardo da Vinci, Institutional Services Services for Small U.S. Masterg Draftsman Securities Businesses › The Old Vic › Commodities MSCI Theatre Company › Equity › Office Locator » Correspondent Conduit Client Facing Sites › Morgan Stanley Equity » Morgan Stanley Boxes Client Link Research » Morgan Stanley Prime Client Serv › Equity Research Brokerage BusinesScape Investor Relations » Morgan Stanley Passport E-Delivery › FAQ › Fixed Income Van Kampen › Key Contacts › Foreign Exchange Strategy + Economics Investment Banking Global Economic Forum Global Strategy Bulletin

Anglijoje – Oksfordo verslo prognoziø centras (http://www.oef.co.uk), kuris iðskiria iðsivysèiusiø ir besivystanèiø ðaliø grupes (taip pat informacijà pagal geo- grafinius regionus ir jiems atstovaujanèias kai kurias ðalis), perspektyvinio modeliavimo (Oxmod modeliai apima 45 ðalis), statistikos duomenø ir konsultacines bazes. Netsource Asia DB pateikiami ávairiø Azijos ðaliø ekonominiai rodikliai (www.netsource–asia.com/;...asia.net). Informatyvias Lietuvos finansø svetaines yra atsidaræ Lietuvos bankas (lbank.lt), FNÁ Jûsø tarpininkas ir Nacionalinë vertybiniø popieriø birþa (nvpb.lt); toliau pastarieji smulkiau neapibûdinami.

39 Panaudojimo galimybës. Finansø ir ekonomikos DB naudojimo galimybës plaèios, nors kai kuriais atvejais tik potencialios, ypaè tada, kai uþ jø naudojimà mokama. Kainos svyruoja nuo 50 JAV doleriø per metus uþ naudojimàsi duomenø baze (pvz., STAT–USA) iki 6000 JAV doleriø uþ vienos DB parsisiuntimà (pvz., Global Financial Data). Tik dalis DB internete yra tikrai iðsamios ir lengvai prieinamos ið dalies ir dël paieðkos struktûrø ávairovës – dauguma jø orientuotos pirmiausia á marketingo ir kitus verslo interesus. Þinant apie skirtingø DB naudingumà, patikimumà bei naudojimo patogumà, tokia analitinë informacija padeda geriau, racionaliau ágyvendinti tiriamuosius arba apmokymo tikslus ir studentams, ir profesionaliems darbuotojams, tyrëjams. Prie patikimumo poþymiø priskirtinas ir DB atnaujinimo periodiðkumas, pavyzdþiui, pasauliniø operacijø valiutø sandoriø srityje informacija apie faktinius tarpusavio kursus didþiøjø vertybiniø popieriø birþø serveriuose atsinaujina net kas 20 minuèiø. Apþvalginë lyginamoji informacija ið DB itin naudinga plëtojant smulkøjá verslà arba tobulinant investicinæ patirtá, átvirtinant þiniø pagrindus pinigø politikos arba investiciniø portfeliø rizikos ir panaðiais klausimais, vis daþniau sudominanèiais eilinius gyventojus. Informacija apie ávairias apskaitos programas pateikiama tokiose duomenø bazëse kaip Jumbo’s Business Shareware (www.jumbo.com), api- manèioje maþdaug 300 tûkst. ávairiø programø, ypaè Smulkaus verslo administracijos svetainæ (SBA’s Shareware Library, www.sba.gov/library/sharewareroom.html), kuri siûlo nemokamas programas smulkiajam ir vidutiniam verslui plëtoti. DB naudotinos ir valstybinëse bei mokslo institucijose plëtojant ûkio valdymo strategijas, lyginant ðaliø ekonominius rodiklius, verslo galimybes ávairiose ES ðalyse ir pan. Nemaþai toliau pateiktø vertybiniø popieriø rinkø ir kitø finansø DB adresø galima nurodyti ir kitame poskyryje, skirtame finansø konsultacinëms svetainëms, ir atvirkðèiai – pastarojo svetainëse neretai rasime gana solidþiø birþø ir neregistruotø sandoriø (out-of-the-market) konjunktûros ir prognoziø DB. Didesnëse finansø svetainëse daþnai bûna techniniø analiziø, finansø teisës DB arba originaliø skaièiuokliø; neretai jose yra ir aiðkinamøjø finansø ir kitø terminø þodynø bei keliakalbiø tø terminø verèiamøjø þodynø. Ðioje knygoje ðie tinklalapiai daþniausiai pakartotinai nenurodomi, neskaitant atskirø srièiø reikðmingesniø akcentø. Retai nurodomi mokamø DB tarifai – tik kelis kartus jie pateikti vaizdumo tikslais. Daugelis toliau nurodytø internetiniø DB ir svetainiø turi papildomos paieðkos ið jø specializuotø tinklalapiø galimybæ (on-line).

40 I dalis FINANSØ INFORMACIJOS CENTRAI

1. PINIGØ POLITIKOS IR BANKØ INFORMACINËS BAZËS Pinigø politikà formuoja centrinës bankininkystës sistema, todël gili- nantis á jos mechanizmø DB, reikia nustatyti, kuriose ið jø iðsamiau apibû- dinamos jos funkcijos ir sistemos. Viena ið centrinio banko funkcijø yra finansiniø institucijø (áskaitant ir bankus) veiklos reguliavimas. Centrinis bankas, atlikdamas ðià funkcijà, turi uþtikrinti ne tik bankø sistemos, bet ir visos finansinës sistemos palaikymà. Èia labai svarbu maþinti su finansine veikla susijusias rizikas, sukurti efektyvesnes bankø sistemos funkcionavimo sàlygas. Pinigø politikos probleminës sritys, iðskiriant aktualias Lietuvos Res- publikos stojimui á vientisà Europos pinigø erdvæ, yra ðios: • Vientisosios Europos pinigø erdvës, Federalinës rezervø sistemos ir kitø tarptautiniø pinigø zonø ypatumai ir skirtumai. Pinigø politikos Kopenhagos kriterijai. Skandinavijos ðaliø centriniø bankø pinigø praktika. • Aktyviosios ir gynybinës pinigø politikos priemonës. • Tarptautiniø rezerviniø valiutø ir centriniø bankø vaidmuo pinigø sà- jungose. Nacionaliniø pinigø rezervø kvotø ir paskolø prioritetø nustatymas. Kitos rezerviniø valiutø institucijos. • Europos pinigø sistemos plëtra ir Baltijos ðaliø pinigø sistemø integracijos á jà probleminiai aspektai. • Tarptautiniø finansø sistemø reguliavimo ir koordinavimo priemonës. Privalomøjø rezervø, finansiniø ir kredito paslaugø standartø, tarifø, bankø patikimumo, mokëjimø ir portfeliniø investicijø vadybos, vartotojø apsaugos (depozitø draudimo ir kt.) reikalavimø ir ásipareigojimø suvienodinimas. • Pinigø emisijos ir infliacijos reguliavimo tobulinimas. Palûkanø normos, prekiø ir paslaugø santykiø bei pinigø augimo reguliavimo átaka kainø pusiausvyrai. • Paskutiniojo kreditoriaus ir bankø banko funkcijos. Ðalies pinigø sistemos rizikos ávertinimo tobulinimas ir valstybës pinigø rezervø politika. • Centrinio banko, kaip valstybës pinigø atsargø ir valiutiniø bei vertingøjø metalø depozitoriaus ir tvarkytojo, funkcija. Rezerviniø depozitø pasiûla ir paklausa. Bankø klientø interesø apsauga (kreditø draudimo, didesniø sàskaitø atidarymo bei ámokø kontrolës ir kt. praktika). • Ðalies ir tarptautinës pinigø politikos tikslai bei siekiai: kainø stabilumas, ekonominio augimo bei nacionalinës valiutos keitimo á uþsienio valiutas pastovumas, optimalaus uþimtumo palaikymas.

41 • Pinigø politikos apribojimai ir cikliniai ypatumai. Finansiniø tikslø prieðtaringumo suðvelninimas ir derinimo bûdai. Trumpalaikis ir ilgalai- kis palûkanø normos reguliavimas. Tø paèiø pinigø politikos priemoniø prieðingas poveikis dël skirtingos jø taikymo trukmës. • Operacijos atviroje (vidaus) pinigø ir valiutø rinkoje, valstybës skolos ir kita vertybiniø popieriø rinkoje. Diskonto politikos priemonës. Paskolø sàlygø reguliavimo praktika. Privalomøjø rezervø einamoji ir ciklinë politika. Paskolø ir investicijø portfeliø diversifikavimo kriterijai, centriniø ir komerciniø bankø operacijø ir tikslø skirtumai.

Ðiø srièiø problematikà tinkamai visapusiðkai nuðvieèia centriniø bankø sistemø tinklalapiai, pirmiausia: Tarptautinio atsiskaitymø banko (http://www.bis.org; http://www.bis.org/ bcbs/index.htm – Bazelio komiteto principø iðdëstymas, bankø prieþiûros ir e. bankininkystës klausimai);

The BIS fulfils this mandate by acting as: · a forum to promote discussion and policy analysis among central banks and within the international financial community · a centre for economic and monetary research · a prime counterparty for central banks in their financial transactions · agent or trustee in connection with international financial operations.

42 Ne maþiau svarbûs ir ðios tarptautinës bei centrinës bankininkystës metodikos ir reglamentavimo svetainës: Federalinës rezervø sistemos (http://www.federalreserve.gov), þr. 9 priedà; Europos centrinio banko (http://www.ecb.int):

· Press Payments & Securities · Events · Publications · Introduction · Statistics · TARGET · Banknotes & Coins · Collateral issues · Monetary Policy · Market infrastructures · Payments & Securities · Policy issues

Tarptautinio pinigø fondo (www.imf.org) finansø informacijos meniu (visà þr. 9 priede):

Home | What’s New | Site Map | Site Index

Wednesday IMF Finances IMF Lending January 18, 2006 How Does the IMF Lend? 1 SDR = 1.44803 USD General Information 1 USD = 0.690594 SDR Financial Organization & Operations Where Does the IMF Get its SDR Interest Rate = 3.22% Quotas, Governors, & Voting Power Money? SDR Interest Rate Calculation Glossary of Financial Terms How the IMF Helps Poor SDR Valuation Countries Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) New SDR Basket Poverty Reduction & Growth The IMF posts Representative Financial Risk in the Fund and the Facility (PRGF) and SDR exchange rates Level of Precautionary Balances every 20 minutes from 11:00 AM Debt Initiative for Heavily to 6:00 PM U.S. Financial Data Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) ET Monday to Friday Financial Activities: Week-at-a- Emergency Assistance except for these holidays Glance Where does the IMF get its The SDR Interest Rate is posted every Monday. Financial Resources & Liquidity resources? Contact Us at [email protected] Monthly Quotas & Quota Reviews Disclaimer Financial Transactions Quarterly Gold in the IMF Exchange Rates Financial Data by Country Borrowing Arrangements SDRs per Currency unit Safeguards Assessments last five days Financial Data By Topic Current Month • Disbursements & Repayments Policy Papers Currency units per SDR • Projected Payments to the IMF • IMF Adopts Safeguards last five days • IMF Credit Outstanding Assessments as a Permanent Current Month Policy

43 Representative Rates • Lending Arrangements • Safeguards Assessments for Selected • SDR Allocations & Holdings - Review of Experience Currencies • Arrears and Next Steps Latest • IMF Panel of Experts on Current Month IMF Financial Statements-Quarterly Safeguards Assessments Exchange Rate IMF Executive Board Reviews Fund’s Archives (224k pdf file) Income Position and Sets Rate Safeguards Assessments of Charge for FY 2006 • Completed to Date Annual Report • Semi-Annual Updates IMF Interest Rates SDR Interest Rate, Rate of Remunera- tion, Rate of Charge and Burden Sharing Adjustments updated every Monday

Juos papildo centrinës bankininkystës publikacijø tinklalapiai (http://www. CentralBanking.com):

CentralBankNet “the What is CentralBankNet.com? only online central bank news service” CentralBankNet.com is an online news service and archive for and about central bankers and financial regulators worldwide. It also provides a convenient way to keep up to date with a wide range of international financial issues. CentralBankNet.com provides news, research and analysis Special rates are online via the CentralBankNet.com site and a daily e-mail briefing available for central to subscribers. bankers: see special order form for central Access from everywhere bankers.

Iðskirtini ir Pasaulio banko grupës puslapiai (www.worldbank.org):

Affiliates:

International Finance Corporation (IFC) Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID)

44 Membership: 184 countries Evaluation Policy Research Working Papers Projects & Operations World Development Reports World Development Indicators Key Products Policy Research Reports Strategies Global Economic Prospects Project Cycle Global Development Finance Project Profiles World Bank Journals Projects Database Resources Procurement/Tender Information Chief Economist Disclosure Financing Instruments Research Programs Policies & Procedures Conferences Measuring Results Knowledge in Development Notes Operations Research E-Newsletter

Nemaþai jø skelbiami keliomis kalbomis (TAB, angl. BIS, ECB, TVF, angl. IMF ir kt.). Yahoo nurodytà tematikà sieja su komercine bankininkyste (pagal spe- cializacijos kryptis) ir informacijà apie pinigø politikà teikia ðiuose tinklalapiuose: http://dir.yahoo.com/Business_and_Economy/Finance_and_ Invest- ment/Banking/Central_Banking. Per Yahoo duomenø bazæ galima greitai patekti ne tik á pasaulio finansinio (bankinio) sektoriaus bendroviø puslapius, bet ir su jomis susijusias organizacijas (investicinius fondus, draudimo bendroves ir kt.), ekonominius bei finansinius leidinius, konsultavimo ámones ir kt. Èia gausu nuorodø á konkreèiø valstybiø bankines sistemas, jø svarbiausius bankus, jø vaidmená ðalies pinigø politikos arba strategijos poþiûriu, á interne- tinæ bankininkystæ. Toliau iðskirsime tik keletà naudingø rubrikø (adresø): • AAAdir World Banks – pasaulinë bankø direktorija pagal ðalis (þinynas, www.aaadir.com; duomenys 1998–2003 m). • bankersalmanac.com – prenumeruojama tarptautiniø bankø duomenø bazë. • geocities.com/WallStreet – Volstryto informacija apie Rusijos bankø ir pinigø sistemas. • qualisteam.com – bankinis finansinis portalas, apimantis kapitalo vadybos ir dokumentacijos, finansiniø rinkø bei rizikos kapitalo, ofðo- riniø zonø informacines DB. • BankWeb.com – visø JAV ir tarptautiniø bankø þinynas. • EuromoneyDirectory.com – tarptautinës didmeninës bankininkystës ir finansiniø institucijø DB.

45 • MyBank.com – daugiausia JAV privaèiø bei valstybiniø bankø tinklalapiai. • fdic.gov/index.html – JAV federalinës indëliø draudimo korporacijos finansiniai verslo puslapiai, bankinë informacija. • zagury.com/banks – centrinës, plëtros, komercinës ir investicinës bankininkystës, investicijø puslapiai. Yahoo bankinës paieðkos sistema padeda greitai rasti duomenø apie konkreèiø ðaliø finansø sistemas, jose veikianèias institucijas. Èia tiesiogiai galima iðeiti á norimà ðalá, iðanalizuoti pagrindinius tos ðalies bankininkystës aspektus, joje vykdomà pinigø politikà ir naudojamas priemones. Pabrëþiamos finansinio sektoriaus naujienos, atspindinèios svarbius pasikeitimus ir ávykius. Tokia informacija turi padëti vartotojui teisingai vertinti situacijà ir priimti racionalius sprendimus. Iðskiriamas ir investicinës bankininkystës sektorius, kuriame galima áþvelgti ryðius su ðalies pinigø politika (vertybiniø popieriø kurso svyravimas, palûkanø normø lygis). Be jau minëtos pakraipos tematikos, dar iðskirtini centrinës bankininkystës studijø centrai (http://www.law.nyu.edu/centralbankscenter; þr. toliau), taip pat internetinës bankininkystës puslapiai, bankininkø nacionalinës bei tarptautinës asociacijos. Ið kitø iðskiriami vystymo ir plëtros bankai, kurie daro didelæ átakà pirmiausia besivystanèiø ðaliø ekonomikos ir finansø plëtrai, panaudojami jø padëèiai stabilizuoti. Pagal tai, kokios politikos valstybëje laikomasi, kurios sritys labiausiai vystomos, galima áþvelgti, kokiø tikslø siekiama. Ávairios lengva- tinës paskolos ir kitos priemonës gali padëti valstybei siekti pagrindiniø finansinio stabilumo palaikymo tikslø (ûkiui reikalingo pinigø kiekio uþtikrinimo ir stabilios mokëjimø sistemos palaikymo). Be toliau apibûdinamos plaèiausiai þinomos Pasaulio banko grupës (worldbank.org), iðskirtini ðie bankai: • Europos investicijø bankas (European Investment Bank, eib.org) – savarankiðka ilgalaikiø finansiniø investicijø institucija, skatinanti Europos integracijos ekonominæ politikà; • Amerikos plëtros bankas (Inter-American Development Bank, www. iadb.org); skatina daugiausia investicijos Pietø Amerikoje ir Karibø baseine; • Azijos plëtros bankas (Asian Development Bank, www.adb.org) – tarptautinë finansø institucija, skatinanti Azijos ir Ramiojo vandenyno regionø socialinæ bei ekonominæ paþangà; • Europos rekonstrukcijø ir plëtros bankas (European Bank of Recon- struction and Development,www.ebrd.com) – tarptautinë institucija, skatinanti Rytø ir Vidurio Europos integracijà ES ekonominëje erdvëje;

46 • Brazilijos plëtros bankas (Brazilian Development Bank, www.bndes. gov.br) – Brazilijos ekonominës plëtros ir finansavimo institucija; • Afrikos plëtros banko grupë (African Development Bank Group, www. afdb.org) skirta finansuoti investicinius projektus, maþinanèius skurdà Afrikoje ir mobilizuojanèius iðteklius socialinei bei ekonominei paþangai; • Islamo plëtros bankas (IDB, www.isdb.org) skirtas skatinti ekonominæ paþangà islamo ðalyse ir musulmonø bendruomenëse remiantis ðariato princi- pais; • Vidurio Amerikos ekonominës integracijos bankas (Central Ameri- can Bank for Economic Integration, CABEI; www.bcie.org), tarpininkaujantis mobilizuojant Lotynø Amerikos ðaliø iðteklius, skirtus ekonominei plëtrai; • Europos Tarybos plëtros bankas (Council of Europe Development Bank, www.coebank.org) – daugiaðalis bankas, skatinantis atsiliekanèiø Europos regionø plëtros finansavimà; • Azijos plëtros banko institutas (Asian Development Bank Institute, www.adbi.org) – Azijos ir Ramiojo vandenyno regiono plëtros informacijos, projektø rengimo bei ekspertizës centras; • Rytø ir Pietø Afrikos prekybos ir plëtros bankas (Eastern and South- ern African Trade and Development Bank, www.ptabank.co.ke) – tarptautinë regioninës plëtros finansinë institucija.

1.1.TAB, FRS, ECB, IMF, PB ir kiti tarptautiniø finansø centrai

Tarptautinio atsiskaitymø banko (Bank for International Settlements) – tarptautinës centriniø bankø politikos ir pinigø bei finansø stabilumo metodikø institucijos, neseniai ðventusios savo veiklos 75-metá, DB (www. bis.org). Joje galima greitai ir efektyviai rasti visà reikiamà informacijà apie ávairiø ðaliø vykdomà pinigø politikà. Galima iðsiaiðkinti, kokiomis priemonëmis siekiama uþtikrinti tos arba kitos ðalies centrinio banko tikslo (nacionalinës valiutos stabilumo, kainø stabilumo ar kt.) ágyvendinimà. Tarptautinio atsiskaitymo banko (TAB) meniu: • TAB praneðimai (BIS Press and Speeches); • Sàsajos su nacionaliniais centriniais bankais (Links to Central Banks); • Bankø paslaugø metodiniai nurodymai (Banking Services);

47 • Centriniø bankø pasitarimai (Forum for Central Banks); jie vyksta ir mokëjimø ir atsiskaitymø sistemø (Committee on Payment and Settle ment Systems), ir Globaliø finansø sistemos (Committee on the Glo- bal Financial System) komitetø lygmenimis; • Baselio bankø prieþiûros komiteto veikla; • Finansinio stabilumo instituto prie TAB veikla (palaikomo augimo priemoniø diegimo ir tobulinimo praktika); • Publikacijos pinigø politikos ir metodikø klausimais bei finansinë statistika; • Apmokymo (kvalifikacijos këlimo) þinynas.

Pastarieji skirsniai atspindi ir kitø TAB tinklalapiø rezultatus bei problemas, jos svarbias tiriamuoju aspektu, todël pateiktinas jø smulkesnis apraðas: • TAB metiniai ir ketvirtiniai praneðimai finansiniø rinkø plëtros bei tarptautinës bankininkystës klausimais, konsoliduota bankø statistika; • TAB publikacijos: praneðimai, konferencijø ir pasitarimø medþiaga; • TAB komitetø darbo medþiaga; • Tarptautinë finansø statistika; • Istoriniai finansø duomenys ir metodologija; • Tarptautinës finansø architektûros tyrimai; • TAB ekonominës politikos tyrimø centras.

FRS (Federalinës rezervø sistemos, www.federalreserve.gov) tinklalapiuose atsispindi ne tik JAV, bet ir tarptautinës pinigø politikos problemos, banki- ninkystës reguliavimo praktika bei tobulinimo kryptys ir metodiniai dokumentai, mokëjimø bei atsiskaitymø (kliringo ir kt.) sistemos, ekonominiø tyrimø rezultatai ir duomenys, taip pat informacija, svarbi klientams, jø interesø gynëjams, ir pinigø sistemos sàsajos su kitomis amerikietiðkos finansø sistemos institucijomis. Panaði ir ECB (Europos centrinio banko, http://www.ecb.int) tinklalapiø struktûra. Joje iðdëstoma ne tik Europos pinigø erdvës plëtojimo ir jà atspin- dinèios pinigø statistikos patirtis, bet ir sàsajos su ESCB (Europos centriniø bankø sistema), strateginiai eurosistemos tikslai bei organizaciniai principai, korporacinës vadybos laimëjimai ir paslaptys, duomenø apsaugos ir audito sistemos.

48 IMF (International Monetary Fund, Tarptautinio pinigø fondo, http:// www.imf.org) tinklalapiuose, greta panaðiø klasifikacinës struktûros kriterijø, daugiau dëmesio skiriama tarptautiniams finansø sistemø funkcionavimo ir IMF veiklos klausimams, intelektiniø iðtekliø tarptautinëje finansinëje vadyboje plëtojimui, atskirø ðaliø mokëjimø balansø situacijos vertinimui. Ið publikacijø iðskirtinos: • Pasaulio ekonomikos perspektyvø (World Economic Outlook), • Globaliø finansø stabilumo apþvalgos, • Finansø ir plëtros, • Mokë- jimo balansø statistikos, • Besivystanèiø rinkø finansø, • IMF finansiniø iðtekliø bei likvidumo pozicijø, • Tarptautiniø finansø statistikos bei kita medþiaga. Pasaulio banko (World Bank, worldbank.org) grupëje daugiau dëmesio skiriama investiciniams projektams besivystanèiuose regionuose plëtoti. Ta linkme plëtojami ir tiriamieji bei statistikos duomenø apie pasaulio plëtros procesus tinklalapiai, plëtros tikslø subordinacijai skirti, jos projektø ir jø finansavimo ðaltiniø bei skurdo likvidavimo programø vadybininkø rengimo tinklalapiai. Pasaulio banko grupë apima ðiuos tarptautinius finansø centrus, kurie, suprantama, turi savo atskiras svetaines: • Tarptautiná rekonstrukcijos ir plëtros bankà (Int’l Bank for Recon- struction and Development), • Tarptautinæ plëtros asociacijà (Int’l Development Association), • Tarptautinæ finansø korporacijà (Int’l Finance Corporation, ifc.org/), • Daugiaðalæ investicijø garantijø agentûrà (Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency, miga.org), • Tarptautiná pramoniniø ginèø sprendimo centrà (Int’l Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes, worldbank.org/icsid). Europos rekonstrukcijø ir plëtros banko adresu http://www.ebrd.com pateikiami tinklalapiai anglø, vokieèiø, prancûzø ir rusø kalbomis. Juose apþvelgiami ES finansiniø plëtros investicijø, aprûpinimo, aplinkosaugos projektai, plëtros politikos ir strategijos klausimai; pateikiami publikacijø tekstai pdf formatu (.../pubs/find/index.htm), aptariami ne tik Europos, bet ir kai kuriø besivystanèiø ðaliø (pvz., Uzbekistano, Azerbaidþano) svarbiausiø ûkio sektoriø plëtros, teisiniø reformø, smulkaus ir vidutinio verslo, municipalinës infrastruktûros, gamtos iðtekliø, energetikos efektyvumo reikalai, nurodomi projektø rengimo ir vertinimo, jø diegimo, taip pat ágyvendinimo stebësenos reikalavimai. ERPB dalyvauja ágyvendinant 22,7 mlrd. eurø vertës projektus, jø sàraðai skelbiami.

49 1.2. Centrinës bankininkystës puslapiai

Ðiame poskyryje pateikiami centrinës bankininkystës, daugiausia nacionaliniø pinigø politikos institucijø bei pinigø sàjungø ir jø dalyviø pusla- piø interneto adresai, taip pat jos mokymo centrø ir panaðûs puslapiai: - Europos Sàjungos pinigø erdvës centrinis bankas: European Central Bank (ecb.org) - Bendra informacija apie ES valiutà eurà: europa.eu.int/euro - Europos Sàjungos ðaliø centriniai bankai: • Airija: Central Bank of Ireland (http://www.centralbank.ie). • Anglija: Bank of England (http://www.bankofengland.co.uk). • Austrija: Österreichische Nationalbank (http://www.oenb.co.at). • Belgija: Banque Nationale de Belgique (http://www.bnb.be). • Danija: Danmarks Nationalbank (http://www.nationalbanken.dk). • Graikija: Bank of Greece (http://www.bankofgreece.gr). • Ispanija: Banco de España (http://www.bde.es). • Italija: Banca d’Italia (http://www.bancaditalia.it). • Liuksemburgas: Banque centrale du Luxembourg (http:// www.bcl.lu). • Olandija: De Nederlandsche Bank (http://www.dnb.nl). • Portugalija: Banco de Portugal (http://www.bportugal.pt). • Prancûzija: Banque de France (http://www.banque-france.fr). • Suomija: Suomen Pankki (http://www.bof.fi). • Ðvedija: Sveriges Riksbank (http://www.riksbank.se). • Vokietija: Deutsche Bundesbank (http://www.bundesbank.de). JAV federaliniø rezervø sistema (www.federalreserve.com): DB meniu – valstybës finansinës sistemos stabilumas, saugumas ir lankstumas: pinigø politikos formavimas, bankø sistemos prieþiûra ir kreditoriø interesø gynimas, finansø sistemos stabilumo palaikymas bei finansiniø paslaugø JAV Vyriausybei, kitoms institucijoms ir uþsienio institucijoms teikimas. FRS bankø emitentø puslapiai: Bostono (http://www.bos.frb.org), Niujorko (http://www.newyorkfed.org), Filadelfijos (http://www.phil.frb.org), Klivlando (http://www.clev.frb.org), Rièmondo (http://www.rich.frb.org/), Atlantos (http://www.frbatlanta.org), Èikagos (http://www.chicagofed.org), Sent Luiso (http://www.stls.frb.org), Mineapolio (http://www.minnea polisfed.org), Kanzas Sièio (kc.frb.org), Dalaso (www.dallasfed.org), San Francisko (http:// www.frbsf.org), FRS valdyba (www.federalreserve.gov).

50 Pasaulio ðaliø centriniø bankø puslapiø suvestinë Reikia pasakyti, kad kai kuriø tarptautiniø pinigø sàjungø valstybës narës (Afrikos, Ramiojo vandenyno ir kt.) neturi atskirø nacionaliniø centrinës bankininkystës institucijø, todël ir interneto adresai tie patys. Be to, ðioje knygoje pateikiamos nuorodos, daþniausiai nukreipianèios á angliðkus, iðimtiniais atvejais – prancûziðkus puslapius, nes nacionaline kalba jie bûtø maþiau prieinami. Centriniø bankø patikima svetainë tvarkoma, kaip minëta, TAB (http://www.bis.org/cbanks.htm): • Albanija: Bank of Albania (http://www.bankofalbania.org) • Argentina: Banco Central de la Republica Argentina (http://www.bcra.gov.ar) • Armënija: Central Bank of Armenia (http://www.cba.am). • Aruba: Centrale Bank van Aruba (http://www.cbaruba.org). • Australija: Reserve Bank of Australia (http://www.rba.gov.au). • Austrija: Österreichische Nationalbank (http://www.oenb.co.at/oenb). • Bahreinas: Bahrain Monetary Agency (http://www.bma.gov.bh). • Barbadosas: Central Bank of Barbados (http://www.centralbank.org.bb). • Baltarusija: National Bank of the Republic of Belarus (http://www.nbrb.by/engl). • Belgija: Nationale Bank van Belgie - Banque Nationale de Belgique (http://www.bnb.be). • Beninas: Banque Centrale des Etats de l’Afrique de l’Ouest (http://www.bceao.int). • Bolivija: Banco Central de Bolivia (http://www.bcb.gov.bo). • Bosnija: Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina (http://www.cbbh.gov.ba). • Botsvana: Bank of Botswana (http://bankofbotswana.bw). • Brazilija: Banco Central do Brasil (http://www.bcb.gov.br). • Bulgarija: Bulgarian National Bank (http://www.bnb.bg). • Burkina Fas: Banque Centrale des Etats de l’Afrique de l’Ouest (http://www.bceao.int). • Kanada: Bank of Canada - Banque du Canada (http://www.banqueducanada.ca/). • Èilë: Banco Central de Chile (http://www.bcentral.cl).

51 • Kolumbija: Banco de la Republica (http://www.banrep.gov.co). • Kosta Rika: Banco Central de Costa Rica (http://www.bccr.fi.cr). • Dramblio Kaulo Krantas (Côte d’Ivoire): Banque Centrale des Etats de l’Afrique de l’Ouest (http://www.bceao.int). • Kroatija: Croatian National Bank (http://www.hnb.hr). • Kipras: Central Bank of Cyprus (http://www.centralbank.gov.cy). • Èekijos Respublika: Èeska Narodni Banka (http://www.cnb.cz). • Danija: Danmarks Nationalbank (http://www.nationalbanken.dk/ uk). • Dominikos Respublika: Banco Central de la Republica Dominicana (http://www.bancentral.gov.do). • Rytø Karibai: The East Caribbean Central Bank (http://www.eccb-centralbank.org). • Ekvadoras: Banco Central del Ecuador (http://www.bce.fin.ec). • Egiptas: Central Bank of Egypt (http://www.cbe.org.eg). • Salvadoras: The Central Reserve Bank of El Salvador (http://www.bcr.gob.sv). • Estija: Eesti Pank (http://www.eestipank.info). • Fidþis: Reserve Bank of Fiji (http://www.reservebank.gov.fj). • Suomija: Suomen Pankki (http://www.bof.fi). • Prancûzija: Banque de France (http://www.banque-france.fr). • Gruzija: National Bank of Georgia (http://www.nbg.gov.ge/indexe.htm). • Vokietija: Deutsche Bundesbank (http://www.bundesbank.de). • Graikija: Bank of Greece (http://www.bankofgreece.gr). • Gvatemala: Banco de Guatemala (http://www.banguat.gob.gt). • Gvinëja Bisau: Banque Centrale des Etats de l’Afrique de l’Ouest (http://www.bceao.int). • Hondûras: Banco Central de Honduras (http://www.bch.hn). • Honkongas: Hong Kong Monetary Authority (http://www.info.gov.hk/hkma). • Vengrija: National Bank of Hungary (http://www.mnb.hu). • Islandija: Central Bank of Iceland (http://www.sedlabanki.is). • Indija: Reserve Bank of India (http://www.rbi.org.in). • Indonezija: Bank of Indonesia (http://www.bi.go.id). • Airija: Central Bank of Ireland (http://www.centralbank.ie).

52 • Izraelis: Bank of Israel (http://www.bankisrael.gov.il). • Italija: Banca d’Italia (http://www.bancaditalia.it). • Jamaika: Bank of Jamaica (http://www.boj.org.jm). • Japonija: Bank of Japan (http://www.boj.or.jp/en/index.htm). • Jordanija: Central Bank of Jordan (http://www.cbj.gov.jo). • Kazachstanas: National Bank of Kazakhstan (http://www.nationalbank.kz). • Kenija: Central Bank of Kenya (http://www.centralbank.go.ke). • Korëja: Bank of Korea (http://www.bok.or.kr/index_e.html). • Kuveitas: Central Bank of Kuwait (http://www.cbk.gov.kw). • Kirgizija: National Bank of the Kyrgyz Republic (http://www.nbkr.kg). • Latvija: Bank of Latvia (http://www.bank.lv). • Libanas: Banque du Liban (http://www.bdl.gov.lb). • Lietuvos bankas: (http://www.lbank.lt). • Liuksemburgas: Banque Centrale du Luxembourg (http://www.bcl.lu). • Makedonija: National Bank of the Republic of Macedonia (http://www.nbrm.gov.mk). • Malaizija: Bank Negara Malaysia (http://www.bnm.gov.my). • Malis: Banque Centrale des Etats de l’Afrique de l’Ouest (http://www.bceao.int). • Malta: Central Bank of Malta (http://www.centralbankmalta.com). • Mauricijus: Bank of Mauritius (http://bom.intnet.mu). • Meksika: Banco de Mexico (http://www.banxico.org.mx). • Moldova: The National Bank of Moldova (http://www.bnm.org). • Mozambikas: Bank of Mozambique (http://www.bancomoc.mz). • Namibija: Bank of Namibia (http://www.bon.com.na). • Olandija: De Nederlandsche Bank (http://www.dnb.nl). • Naujoji Zelandija: Reserve Bank of New Zealand (http://www.rbnz.govt.nz). • Nikaragva: Banco Central de Nicaragua (http://www.bcn.gob.ni). • Nigerija: Banque Centrale des Etats de l’Afrique de l’Ouest (http://www.bceao.int). • Norvegija: Norges Bank (http://www.norges-bank.no). • Omanas: Central Bank of Oman (http://www.cbo-oman.org).

53 • Pakistanas: State Bank of Pakistan (http://www.sbp.org.pk). • Paragvajus: Banco Central del Paraguay (http://www.bcp.gov.py). • Peru: Banco Central de Reserva del Peru (http://www.bcrp.gob.pe). • Lenkija: National Bank of Poland (http://www.nbp.pl). • Portugalija: Banco de Portugal (http://www.bportugal.pt). • Saudo Arabija: Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency (http://www.sama.gov.sa). • Senegalas: Banque Centrale des Etats de l’Afrique de l’Ouest (http://www.bceao.int). • Singapûras: Monetary Authority of Singapore (http://www.mas.gov.sg). • Slovakija: National Bank of Slovakia (http://www.nbs.sk). • Slovënija: Bank of Slovenia (http://www.bsi.si). • Pietø Afrika: South African Reserve Bank (http://www.resbank.co.za). • Ispanija: Banco de España (http://www.bde.es). • Ðri Lanka: Central Bank of Sri Lanka (http://www.lanka.net/centralbank). • Sudanas: Bank of Sudan (http://www.bankofsudan.org). • Ðvedija: Sveriges Riksbank (http://www.riksbank.se). • Ðveicarija: Schweizerische Nationalbank (www.snb.ch). • Tanzanija: Bank of Tanzania (http://www.bot-tz.org). • Tailandas: Bank of Thailand (http://www.bot.or.th). • Togas: Banque Centrale des Etats de l’Afrique de l’Ouest (http://www.bceao.int). • Trinidadas ir Tobagas: Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago (http://www.central-bank.org.tt). • Tunisas: Banque Centrale de Tunisie (http://www.bct.gov.tn). • Turkija: Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankasi (www.tcmb.gov.tr) • Ukraina: National Bank of Ukraine (http://www.bank.gov.ua). • Anglija: Bank of England (http://www.bankofengland.co.uk). • Venesuela: Banco Central de Venezuela (http://www.bcv.org.ve). • Jemenas: Central Bank of Yemen (http://www.centralbank.gov.ye). • Jugoslavija: National Bank of Yugoslavia (http://www.nbj.yu). • Zambija: Bank of Zambia (http://www.boz.zm). • Zimbabvë: Reserve bank of Zimbabwe (http://www.rbz.co.zw).

54 Finansiniø tyrimø ir pinigø politikos mokymo centrø DB internete: • Centriniø bankø tyrimø centras (Center for the Study of Central Banks, New York, http://tuna.uchicago.edu/homes/CSCB/CSCB.html); • Centriniø bankiniø studijø centras (Centre for Central Banking Studies, Bank of England, London: http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/education/ccbs/ index.htm): Centre for Central Banking Studies (CCBS) Training, Expert Advice and Research for Central Banks around the World The Bank of England’s Centre for Central Banking Studies conducts seminars and provides expert advice for central banks throughout the world. It is a centre for comparative study and collaborative research on issues at the forefront of central banking. Its primary aims are to foster monetary and financial stability world-wide, to promote the Bank of England’s core activities, and to provide opportunities for central banking staff to obtain broader perspectives on their own areas of expertise. Its goal is to be recognised internationally as a centre of intellectual excellence for the study of central banking.

• Tarptautinio pinigø fondo institutas (The IMF Institute, Washington, D.C.: http://www.imf.org/external/np/ins/index.htm):

IMF Institute was established in 1964 to provide training in economic management to officials of the IMF’s member countries. Training is delivered at IMF Headquarters in Washington, D.C., through six IMF regional training centers, in collaboration with other regional training institutions and national governments, and through a distance learning program. Courses in Washington are offered in four languages - Arabic, English, French, and Spanish. At the regional training centers in Austria, Brazil, China, Singapore, Tunisia, and the United Arab Emirates, courses are offered in English and the primary language of the region.

• Jungtinis Vienos institutas (The Joint Vienna Institute: http://www. oecd. org/sge/ccet/cet_jvi.htm). • Trisdeðimties grupë (The Group of Thirty, Washington, D.C.: http:// www. group30.org). • Tarptautinis pinigø ir bankiniø studijø centras (International Center for Monetary and Banking Studies, Geneva: http://hei.unige.ch/icmb/ppresen- tation.htm). • Tarptautinis pinigø ir ekonominiø studijø institutas (Institute for Monetary and Economic Studies, Bank of Japan, Tokyo: http://www.imes. boj.go. jp:8080/ english/index.html).

55 • Pietryèiø Azijos centriniø bankø tyrimø ir apmokymo centras (South East Asian Central Banks (SEACEN) Research and Training Centre, Kuala Lumpur: http://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/decdo/seacen.htm). • Arabø bankininkystës ir finansø studijø institutas (The Arab Institute for Banking and Financial Studies, Amman: http://www.undp.org/tcdc/jor 1007.htm). • Rytø ir Pietø Afrikos bankininkystës prieþiûros grupë (East and South- ern Africa Banking Supervisors Group (ESAF), Pretoria: http://www.resbank. co.za/esaf.html). • Karibø pinigø studijø centras (Caribbean Centre for Monetary Studies (CCMS), St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago: http://www.imf.org/external/np/ sec/decdo/ccms.htm). • Lotynø Amerikos pinigø studijø centras (Center for Latin Ameri- can Monetary Studies (CEMLA), Mexico City: http://www.imf.org/external/np/ sec/decdo/cemla.htm). • Martindale ir partneriø informacinis serveris (Martindale & Associ- ates, Inc.: http://www.martindale.com) neseniai susiliejo su Hubbell bendrove ir sujungë savo tinklalapius su vyraujanèia teisinës pakraipos svetaine Lexis- Nexis. • JAV federalinës indëliø draudimo korporacijos DB (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC): http://www.fdic.gov/bank/index.html; http:// www.fdic.gov/regulations/index.html).

Tarpbankiniø ir kitø atsiskaitymø centrai Pagrindiniai atsiskaitymai tarp bankø, tarp jø ir kitø komerciniø kredito institucijø vyksta per nacionalinius bei tarptautinius atsiskaitymø centrus naudojant tam sukurtas specialias programas. Bendra kasdieninë ðiø atsis- kaitymø apimtis G-10 ðalyse virðija 5 trln. JAV doleriø (http://www.bis.org/ press/p970422.htm). Sistemø prieþiûra ir plëtros perspektyvomis daugiausia rûpinasi Tarptautiniø atsiskaitymø banko Mokëjimø ir atsiskaitymø sistemø komitetas (Committee on Payment and Settlement Systems). Keletas þinomø nacionaliniø bei tarptautiniø atsiskaitymø sistemø ir jø SWIFT kodai pateikiami toliau.

56 SWIFT SWIFTSOLUTIONS MARKET INFRASTRUCTURES · SWIFTNet Accord · Securities Markets Infrastructures · SWIFTNet Affirmations · Banking Markets Infrastructures · SWIFTNet Bulk Payments · SWIFTNet Cash Reporting CONNECTIVITY · SWIFTNet CLS Third Party Service · Direct or Indirect connectivity? · SWIFTNet Corporate Actions Direct connectivity · SWIFTNet Data Distribution · Direct connectivity · SWIFTNet Exceptions and · Connecting to SWIFTNet Investigations · Connectivity options · SWIFTNet FIX · SWIFTNet Link · SWIFTNet Funds Indirect connectivity · SWIFTNet Trade Services Utility · Member/Concentrator · SWIFTSolutions for Corporates · Shared connectivity · SWIFTSolutions for Payments · Service Bureau Clearing Network connectivity and security · Connecting to the Secure IP Network INTERFACES (SIPN) SWIFT qualified interface products are · SWIFTNet Link available from a range of vendors. In addition, SWIFT also offers its own range of interface products called SWIFTAlliance: VALUE-ADDED TOOLS AND SERVICES Messaging SWIFT Directories · SWIFTAlliance Access · BIC Online SWIFTAlliance Entry · BIC Publication Portal Communication · SWIFTNet FileAct directory (requires log in) · SWIFTAlliance Gateway · SWIFTSolutions Directory · SWIFTAlliance Starter Set Watch products Desktop · SWIFTWatch portfolio · SWIFTAlliance WebStation · SWIFTAlliance Messenger · PC Connect

57 SWIFT (http://www.swift.com) – labiausiai paplitusi dideliø apimèiø atsiskaitymø realiu laiku sistema, naudojama 7800 finansiniø institucijø 200 pasaulio ðaliø. Po jos daugiausia paplitusi yra ES TARGET sistema. Be tarptautiniø atsiskaitymø ir pervedimø, sistema tvarko mokëjimus pagal birþø sandorius, atlieka atsiskaitymø uþ prekes ir vertybinius popierius operacijas, taip pat iþdo ir iðvestiniø indeksø operacijas uþ birþø ribø.

Target atsiskaitymo sistemos * SWIFT kodai Atsiskaitymø sistemø pavadinimai Šalys ART ARTIS Austrian Real-Time Interbank Settlement Austrija BEL ELLIPS Real-Time Gross Settlement Belgija BOF BOF Real-Time Gross Settlement Suomija BRL BIREL Banca d’Italia Regolamento Lordo Italija CBJ IRIS Real-Time Gross Settlement Airija CHP CHAPS EURO (RTGS) Anglija DKC KRONOS Danish Euro RTGS Danija HRM HERMES EURO Hellenic Real-Time Money Transfer Express System Graikija LGS LIPS-GROSS Luxembourg Interbank Payments System RTGS Liuksemburgas RTP RTGS plus Vokietija SEC RIX-Real-Time Gross Settlement Švedija SLB SLBE Spanish RTGS Ispanija SPG SPGT Sistema De Pagamento De Grandes Transaccoes Portugalija TBF TBF Transferts Banque de France – Real-Time Gross Settlement Prancûzija TOP TOP Real-Time Gross Settlement Olandija

Kitos mokëjimø kliringo sistemos ABE EBA CLEARING EURO1/STEP1 EBA AIP Albanian Interbank Payment System Albanija AVP AVP Assured Value Payments Naujoji Zelandija AZM AZIPS Azerbaijan Interbank Payment System Azerbaidþanas BAP Bosnia I Hercegovina RTGS Bosnija ir Hercegovina BDS CBRTGS Central Bank Real Time Gross Settlement System Barbadosas BGN RINGS Real Time Interbank Gross Settlement System Bulgarija BHS Bahamas RTGS Bahamai BSP PPS Philippines Payment System Filipinai CAD LVTS Large Value Transfer System Kanada DDK KRONOS Danish Krone RTGS Danija EBA EBA CLEARING EURO1 ES GIS Ghana InterBank Settlement System (GISS) Gana HRK HSVP Hrvatski Sustav Velikih Placanja Kroatija

58 HUF VIBER Valos Ideju Brutto Elszamolasi Rendszer Vengrija INC Interpay CUG Olandija JOD RTGS JO Jordanija KPS Kenya Electronic Payment Settlement System (KEPSS) Kenija LKB LankaSettle Šri Lanka LVL Starpbanku Automatizeta Maksajumu Sistema Latvija MOS SAMOS South African Multiple Option Settlement Pietø Afrika MRS MaRIS Malta Realtime Interbank Settlement System Malta MUP MACSS Mauritius Automated Clearing and Settlement System Mauricijus NAM Namibian Interbank Settlement System (NISS) Namibija NOC NICS Norwegian Interbank Clearing System Norvegija PCH Swiss Interbank Clearing Šveicarija PDS Payment Delivery System/RITS-RTGS Australija PEG Payment System in Egypt Egiptas PNS PNS Paris Net Settlement Prancûzija PTR Sistema de Liquidãço por Bruto Angola PVE PVE Payment System Venezuela Venesuela ROL RePORT Romanian Electronic Payment Operations in real time Rumunija SCP Sistema Chileno De Pagos Interbancarios Èilë SIT SIT Real-Time Gross Settlement Slovënija SSK RIX Real-Time Gross Settlement in SEK Švedija STG CHAPS Sterling (RTGS) Anglija THB BAHTNET/2 Thailand Payment System Tailandas TIS Tanzania Interbank Settlement System (TISS) Tanzanija TTD Safe TT Trinidadas ir Tobagas UIS Uganda National Inter-bank Settlement (UNIS) System Uganda ZCL South Africa FX FIN Copy Pietø Afrika ZET ZETSS Zimbabwe Electronic Transfer and Settlement System Zimbabvë ZIS ZIPSS Zambia Interbank Payment & Settlement System Zambija

Vertybiniø popieriø rinkø finansø infrastruktûrinës sistemos OMG Omgeo (Intelligent Trade Management Solutions) JAV ZAS STRATE Share Transactions Totally Electronic Pietø Afrika

Ðaltinis: http://www.swift.com/index.cfm? item_name=service_list. * Atsiskaitymø sistemø santrumpos.

Transeuropinë automatizuota realiu laiku dideliø atsiskaitymø skubiø pervedimø sistema, daugiau þinoma kaip TARGET (sutr. ið Trans-European Automated Real-time Gross Settlement Express Transfer Systems; http:// www.ecb.int/ecb/), naudojama visø ES ðaliø finansinëse institucijose ir daugelyje

59 jø atsiskaitant eurais su kitomis pasaulio ðalimis. Pagrindinë meniu informacija teikiama 20 ES kalbø. Ðiuo metu baigiamas rengti patobulintas jos variantas TARGET 2, kuriuo siekiama swift tipo pervedimø didesnio veiksmingumo bei paprastumo, pirmiausia pleèiantis europinei pinigø sistemai. Iðsamesnë informacija pateikiama tik pdf formatu (http://www.ecb.int/.../target2/html/ index.en.html).

The Eurosystem comprises the ECB and the NCBs of those countries that have adopted the euro. The Eurosystem and the ESCB will co-exist as long as there are EU Member States outside the euro area. In October 2002 the Governing Council of the ECB decided on the long-term strategy for TARGET (TARGET2). TARGET is to become a system that: · provides extensively harmonised services via an integrated IT infrastructure, · improves cost-efficiency, · is prepared for swift adaptation to future developments, including the enlargement of the Eurosystem.

Ðaltinis: http://www.ecb.int/paym/target/target2/html/index.en.html#web.

Be TARGET, Europos pinigø erdvëje dar funkcionuoja Euro 1, Pran- cûzijos finansiniø atsiskaitymø sistema (PNS), Suomijos (Pankkien On-line Pikasiirrot ja Sekit-järjestelmä, POPS), Ispanijos (Servicio de Pagos Interbancarios, SPI) atsiskaitymø nacionalinës sistemos ir CLS uþsienio pervedimø tinklas. EURONET – elektroniniø pervedimø sistemos, taikomos 70 pasaulio ðaliø bankininkystëje ir komercijoje, tinklalapiai (http://www. euronet- worldwide.com/). Tai taip pat didþiausias ES banko- matø gamintojas ir rengëjas, elektroniniø atsiskai- tymø sistemø diegëjas Anglijoje, Australijoje, Malai- zijoje ir kitose ðalyse. Euronet priklauso: • e-pay: http://www.euronet.../company/offices/ew_subsidiaries/ epay.asp; • Payspot: http://www.euronet.../company/offices/ew_subsidiaries/ payspot.asp; • Transact Vokietijoje, Movilcarga ir TeleRecarga Ispanijoje, • tarptautinë ATX-Ingevoucher ir kitos populiarios sistemos), EURO 1– Eurobankinës asociacijos kliringo bendrovës EBA atsiskai- tymø tinklà naudoja 70 ES bankø ir 5 bankai uþ ES ribø (www.abe.org).

60 • PNS – Prancûzijos hibridinë finansiniø, daugiausia dviðaliø atsiskai- tymø sistema (www.banque-france.fr). • SPI – Ispanijos banko sàskaitø turëtojø tarpusavio atsiskaitymø sistema (www.sepi.net). • POPS – Suomijos decentralizuotø finansiniø institucijø kliringo atsiskaitymø DB. Jei virðijamas pervedimø limitas, pereinama prie Suomijos TARGET paketo BoF-RTGS (www.bof.fi). • CLS – dviejø etapø atsiskaitymø sistema, kai atsiskaitoma skirtingomis valiutomis ir skirtingø laiko zonø teritorijose, daþniausiai tarp ES finansiniø institucijø ir jø partneriø uþ ES ribø. Kliringo rûmø tarpbankinë mokëjimø sistema (Clearing House Interbank Payments System, CHIPS; www.chips.org) yra realiu laiku galutiniø dvipusiø ir daugiaðaliø atsiskaitymø JAV doleriais sistema, apdorojanti iki 270 tûkst. operacijø per dienà, bendros 1,4 trln. JAV doleriø vertës ádiegta 19 pasaulio ðaliø. Ja vyksta per 95 proc. visø didelës apimties piniginiø pervedimø ir atsiskaitymø JAV doleriais. Kaip teigiama ðios sistemos puslapiuose, joje 1 JAV doleris per parà „apsisuka“ daugiau kaip 500 kartø, tuo tarpu FRS bankuose – tik 16 kartø.

61 Elektroniniø atsiskaitymø asociacijos (The Electronic Payments Associa- tion, NaCHA; http://www.nacha.org) kliringo mokëjimø sistemø DB apima 12 tûkst. finansiniø institucijø, esanèiø regioniniø mokëjimø asociacijø tinkle, ir 650 pramonës tarybø organizacijø adresø. Ji, be tarpbankiniø atsiskaitymø, dar aptarnauja keitimosi finansø elektroniniais duomenimis (financial electronic data interchange, EDI), smulkaus ir vidutinio verslo e. èekiø ir e. perve- dimø bei atsiskaitymø operacijas. Pasauliniø automatizuotø sandoriø kliringo rûmø (Worldwide Automated Transaction Clearing House, WATCH; http://www.globalach.org) DB nuo 2002 m. teikia pigias elektroniniø tarptautiniø atsiskaitymø paslaugas. Jomis naudojasi 40 bankiniø institucijø 13 ðaliø ið 4 didþiøjø þemynø. Projektà koor- dinuoja NACHA - The Electronic Payments Association. Tiesioginiø atsiskaitymø DB (http://www.directpayment.org) skirtos atlikti automatizuotus atsiskaitymus be grynøjø pinigø tarp namø ûkiø bei komerciniø ir kitø ástaigø, taip pat pastarøjø nekilnojamojo turto, paskolø ir taupymo, draudimo, paslaugø, kredito korteliø ir kitose srityse.

1.3. Tarptautiniø pinigø rinkø, komercinës ir investicinës bankininkystës bei kitø finansiniø centrø tinklalapiai

Pinigø ir kapitalo rinkos instrumentai Pinigø rinka – tai rinka, kurioje ir teikiami, ir ásigyjami trumpo laikotarpio finansiniai iðtekliai (nuo vienos dienos iki vieneriø metø). Ðiø operacijø pagrindinis tikslas – suderinti ûkio subjektø trumpalaikius pajamø ir iðlaidø neatitikimus. Kapitalo rinkoje fondai skolinami ilgam naudojimui. Firmos linkusios gauti papildomà kapitalà iðleisdamos obligacijas, taèiau gali susidaryti sàlygos, kuriomis skolintis pinigø geriau trumpam laikui. Pavyzdþiui, rinkoje gali susiklostyti palanki situacija plëtoti gamybà, taèiau ilgalaikio skolinimosi rinkoje padëtis gali bûti nepalanki. Tada bendrovë projekto finansavimui panau- doja pinigø rinkos priemones ir taip iðvengia brangaus ilgalaikio skolinimosi. Pagerëjus kapitalo rinkos situacijai, bendrovë iðplatina akcijas arba obligacijas. Didelës neinvestuotos piniginës lëðos, kad ir trumpu laikotarpiu, jø savi- ninkams yra nuostolingos. Tai skatina laisvas finansines lëðas kuo skubiau investuoti (kad ir vienai dienai) ir gauti finansinæ naudà. Pinigø rinka naudinga tiems, kurie stokoja trumpalaikiø finansiniø iðtekliø, nes jie ðias lëðas gaus

62 greitai ir priimtinomis sàlygomis. Kartu ji naudinga ir tø lëðø teikëjams, nes jie lengvai galës savo finansinius iðteklius investuoti ir gauti naudos. Pinigø rinkos instrumentai gali bûti ið karto paversti pinigais (yra likvidûs). Pinigø rinkoje investuotojai siekia saugiai ir trumpam laikui paskolinti laikinai laisvas lëðas, kurias pritraukia solidûs pasitikëjimà pelnæ skolininkai trumpalaikiams lëðø poreikiams tenkinti. Pinigø rinkos dalyviai – didelëmis lëðomis disponuojantys instituciniai investuotojai, vienais atvejais veikiantys kaip kreditoriai, kitais – kaip skolininkai. Pagrindiniai pinigø rinkos priemoniø teikëjai yra iþdas, komerciniai bankai, nedepozitinës finansø institucijos, vertybiniø popieriø dileriai, bendrovës. Pavyzdþiui, didþiosios bendrovës iðleidþia komercinius vekselius tam, kad ásigytø piniginiø fondø ávairiems atsiskaitymams bei apyvartiniam kapitalui finansuoti. Komerciniai bankai iðleidþia indëliø paþymëjimus (depozitinius sertifikatus) taip pritraukdami daugiau lëðø. Prieð aptardami skirtingais pinigø rinkø adresais internete pateikiamà informacijà bei jos vertingumà, glaustai apibûdinsime pasiskirstymà tarp skirtingas pinigø rinkø priemones naudojanèiø institucijø (þr. http://www. money-rates.com/).

Pinigø rinkos priemonës ir skolintojai Priemonës pagrindiniai skolintojai Federaliniai fondai bankai Federaliniø rezervø diskonto langas bankai Komerciniai vekseliai, bankai Indëliø paþymëjimai (sertifikatai, angl. CDs) Terminuotø indëliø paþymëjimai bankai (sertifikatai) eurodoleriais Atpirkimo sandoriai vertybiniø popieriø dileriai, bankai, nefinansinës korporacijos, valstybës finansinës institucijos Iþdo vekseliai (trumpalaikiai valstybës vyriausybës vertybiniai popieriai) Municipaliniai vertybiniai popieriai savivaldos institucijos Perleidþiamieji indëliø paþymëjimai nefinansinës ir finansinës verslo ástaigos (sertifikatai) ir bendrovës Bankø akceptuoti vekseliai nefinansinës ir finansinës verslo ástaigos Valstybës ámoniø vertybiniai popieriai centrinës vyriausybës prieþiûros instancijos Pinigø rinkø priemonës, vertybiniø popieriai pinigø rinkø fondai, savivaldos investiciniai fondai, kiti trumpalaikiai investiciniai fondai Ateities sandoriai brokeriai, komerciniai bankai Bûsimø opcionø sandoriai brokeriai, komerciniai bankai Keitimo sandoriai (swaps) komerciniai bankai

63 Pinigø rinkø JAV adresas internete – http://www.moneyrates. com – informuoja apie ðiø rinkø ir internetinës bankininkystës naujienas, kreditø ir kitø palûkanø normas, hipotekos ir apskritai ekonomikos rodikliø dinamikà, pateikia valiutø bei kitø finansø skaièiuokles, federalinës indëliø draudimo sistemos paslaugas ir dar daug kitø þiniø, reikalingø ðiø rinkø dalyviams. Ne maþiau reikðminga yra Telerate pinigø rinkø internete DB adresu http://www.moneyline.com/, smulkiau apibûdinanti finansiniø priemoniø taikymo galimybes skirtingø pasaulio regionø sàlygomis. Jos prenumeratoriams siûloma iki 4,5 mln. duomenø grupiø apie akcijas, obligacijas, ateities sandorius ir bûsimus opcionus, keitimo ir iðvestiniø indeksø sandorius, be- sivystanèias rinkas ir kitas finansines priemones; svarbiausieji duomenys pateikiami atvirai. Pinigø rinkai átakà daranèiø kintamøjø ir finansiniø svertø analizës pagrindus pateikia DB adresu http://www.cyberhaven.com/investors/variables. html; joje pateikiama glausta pagrindiniø publikacijø apþvalga investuotojams bei kitø rinkø dalyviams aktualiais klausimais. Apþvelgiami ir su tuo susijæ klausimai, pavyzdþiui, pelnø apsauga repatriacijos atveju, ir kt. Vertingos pagrindinës informacijos apie pinigø ir kapitalo rinkø mecha- nizmus, ypaè atviras rinkos operacijas, tiriamàsias ir mokomàsias iðvadas, pateikia ir centriniø bankø interneto puslapiai, ypaè FRS bankø DB, pavyzdþiui, http://www.newyorkfed.org; http://www.rich.frb.org ir kt. Bankininkø almanacho direktorija sustruktûrinanti pagal regionus bei ðalis 5000 pasaulio bankø, kapitalø vadybos ir vertybiniø popieriø bei draudimo operacijø institucijø 170 pasaulio ðaliø pateikiama adresu http://www.bankers almanac.com (konkretûs puslapiai atsidaro tik uþsiregistravus). Panaði Qualisteam internetinë direktorija, apimanti 2800 pasaulio kredito ir finansø institucijø (bankø, birþø, savitarpio finansavimo fondø visuose kon- tinentuose), yra adresu http://www.qualisteam.com/. Joje pateikiama informacija, susijusi su programine áranga finansø sistemose, finansininkø apmo- kymu, apmokestinimu, sindikuotomis paskolomis, skolø ir rizikos vadyba ir kapitalu bei lengvatinës verslo prieþiûros (ofðorinëmis) operacijomis ir pan. Keliø ðimtø tarptautiniø komerciniø bankø abëcëlinæ direktorijà siûlo Zagury finansinës informacijos DB: http://www.zagury.com/combanks.htm. Uþdarø tarptautiniø bankø direktorijø internete puslapiai www.banksite.com ir http://www.bankersalmanac.com atsidaro tik uþsiregistravus ir tinka turint konkreèiø tikslø gauti paskolà ar pan. Jie nëra patogûs vykdyti paieðkà.

64 Direktorija http://www.aaadir.com/world.jsp pateikia pasaulio bankø adresus ir interneto nuorodas pagal ðalis. Ilgà laikà veikusià tarptautinæ bankø direktorijà internete www.bankweb.com perëmë komersantai, daþniausiai tei- kiantys loðimø namø bei valiutø spekuliacijø informacijà. JAV kredito ástaigø direktorija pagal valstijas pateikiama adresais: http://www.banksite.com/ bank_directory; http://bank.directoryusa.biz/states.php. Ið investiciniø bankø, be jau minëto IBRD, iðskirtina Europos investicijø banko svetainë (www.eib.org), kurioje yra kapitalo rinkø, projektø ir paskolø jiems ágyvendinti bei kiti plëtros finansiniø paslaugø puslapiai internete. Su jais susijæ Europos investicijø fondo (www.eif.org) puslapiai, skirti portfelinëms investicijoms ir garantijoms, rizikos kapitalo operacijoms, ypaè Europos Komi- sijos ilgalaikëms programoms (http://www.eif.org/portfolio/ecport/), áskaitant ðaliø naujø ES nariø ekonomikos modernizavimà.

Baltijos valstybiø komerciniø bankø interneto puslapiai

Bendri ES finansiniø institucijø sàraðai, adresai, statistinës ataskaitos (pdf formatu, anglø k.) ir informacija apie pagrindines jø pagal ðalis, iðskiriant euro ir ne euro erdvës (áskaitant ir Baltijos valstybiø bankus) valstybes, pateikiama interneto svetainëje http://www.ecb.int/home/html/directory.en.html, (þr. 9 priedà). Ðiuo metu Lietuvoje veikia 10 Lietuvos banko licencijà turinèiø komer- ciniø bankø, 2 uþsienio bankø skyriai, 4 uþsienio bankø atstovybës, Lietuvos centrinë kredito unija ir 62 kredito unijos. Jø finansiniai rodikliai ir kita bendroji informacija pateikiama Lietuvos banko puslapiuose (www.lbank.lt). Lietuvos banko svetainë yra viena ið geresniø centrinës bankininkystës interneto DB. Jos meniu pateikiamas toliau: Apie Lietuvos bankà Bendra informacija Dalyvaujantiems atrankoje Pinigø politika Organizacinë struktûra ir personalas Uþsienio atsargø valdymas Vertybës ir etika Iþdo agento veikla V. Jurguèio stipendija Kreditø ástaigø prieþiûra Apie Lietuvos bankà bûsimam tarnautojui Pinigø iðleidimas ir iðëmimas ið apyvartos Darbo ir poilsio laikas Tarptautiniai ryšiai Kredito ástaigos Istorija Kredito ástaigø veikla (balansinës ir pelno Darbas ir praktika (nuostolio) ataskaitos) Darbas Kredito ástaigø veikla (apþvalgos) Praktika Kredito ástaigø sàraðas

65 ES ir ECBS Lietuvos ekonomikos ir finansø duomenys Bendra informacija Lito ir uþsienio valiutø santykiai Straipsniai Efektyviøjø lito kursø indeksai ES teisës aktai lietuviø kalba Lietuvos banko paskolø palûkanø normos Euro ávedimas Lietuvoje Bankø sistemos likvidumo bûklë Europos centrinis bankas Atpirkimo sandoriø aukcionai Euro ávedimas Lietuvoje Terminuotøjø indëliø aukcionai Eurø banknotai ir monetos Statistinis Lietuvos PFI sàraðas Euro zona Statistinis Europos Sàjungos PFI sàraðas Klausimai ir atsakymai apie eurà Lietuvos banko balansas Euro biblioteka Kredito ástaigø konsoliduotas balansas Daugiau informacijos apie eurà ir euro zonà Pinigø kiekis Mokëjimai Pinigø apþvalga Mokëjimo sistema LITAS Paskolos namø ûkiams pagal paskirtá Vertybiniø popieriø atsiskaitymo sistema Suderintos ilgalaikës palûkanø normos, Mokëjimo sistema KUBAS naudojamos konvergencijai ávertinti Mokëjimai negrynaisiais pinigais Indëliø palûkanø normos (iki 2005 m.) Sistemø prieþiûra PFI indëliø palûkanø normos Oficialus sistemø ir jø dalyviø sàraðas Paskolø palûkanø normos (iki 2005 m.) Finansø ástaigø kodai PFI paskolø palûkanø normos IBAN skaièiuoklë VILIBID ir VILIBOR Dalyvavimas kitose sistemose Tarpbankinio skolinimo rinka Paskoloms uþtikrinti tinkami VP Vyriausybës vertybiniø popieriø aukcionai Banknotai ir monetos Akcijø kainø indeksai Banknotai Valiutø rinka Monetos Tarptautinës atsargos ir uþsienio valiutø Proginës monetos likvidumas Banknotø ir monetø ásigijimas Oficialiosios tarptautinës atsargos Lietuvos banko kasos Mokëjimø balansas (ketvirèio) Iðimti ið apyvartos pinigai ir jø keitimas Mokëjimø balansas (mënesio) Susidëvëjæ ir sugadinti pinigai bei jø keitimas Tarptautiniø investicijø balansas Banknotø ir monetø atvaizdø naudojimas Bendroji šalies skola uþsieniui Muziejus Paskolos ekonominëms veikloms Bendra informacija Mokëjimø priemonës Ekspozicijos Paskolø ir indëliø pasiskirstymas pagal likuèius ir apskritis (nuo 2001 m. iki 2003 m.) Numatomi ir ávykæ renginiai Teisës aktai Leidiniai Kai kurie ástatymai, reglamentuojantys Lietuvos Naujienos banko ir kredito ástaigø veiklà Naujienø archyvas Lietuvos banko valdybos nutarimai Statistika Lietuvos banko rengiamø teisës aktø projektai WebServices LB teikiamos XML tinklo Kredito ástaigø steigimà reglamentuojantys paslaugos teisës aktai Duomenø platinimo specialieji standartai Lietuvos Respublikos Seimo teisës aktø bazë Iðankstinis duomenø skelbimo kalendorius Leidiniai

66 Vieno ið didþiausiø Lietuvoje SEB (Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB) Vilniaus banko svetainë – http://www.seb.lt; jos meniu iðskiriama didelë paslaugø ávairovë (sàskaitos, mokamosios kortelës, indëliai ir investicijos, kreditai, iðperkamoji nuoma, pensijø fondai, draudimas, e. bankininkystë, valiutø rinka), finansø operacijos (akcijos, obligacijos, fondai ir kt.), patarimai ir naujienos. Pateikiama demonstracinë internetinës bankininkystës versija, bankomatø ir filialø adresai. Euromoney ir Global Finance 2005 m. ðá SEB padaliná paskelbë geriausiu Lietuvos banku. • http://www.hansa.lt – AB Hansabanko svetainë, ið esmës savo meniu analogiðka SEB Vilniaus banko svetainei, tik èia dar galima rasti darbo pasiûlymø, iþdo ir saugumo paslaugø. • http://www.nordlb.lt – NordLB meniu panaðus á SEB Vilniaus banko, tik èia smulkiau iðskirtos maþmeninës bankininkystës paslaugos, indëliø rûðys, daugiau dëmesio skirta puslapio vaizdingumui. • http://www.snoras.com – AB Snoro banko svetainë panaði á SEB Vilniaus banko, tik patogesnë ir papildyta ávairiø akcijø ir taupymo programø nuorodomis. Latvijos kredito ástaigø duomenø suvestinë pateikiama internete Latvijos finansø ir kapitalo komisijos adresu http://www.fktk.lv/market/credit/banks. Svetainës meniu iðskirti pinigø rinkø dalyviai: vietos bankai ir uþsienio bankø filialai, kredito sàjungos ir draudimo ástaigos, fondai, taip pat finansø priemoniø ir teisiniø reguliavimø, uþsienio investicijø reguliavimo puslapiai. Latvijos vertybiniø popieriø birþos puslapiø adresas – http://www.rfb.lv. Estijos kredito ástaigø duomenø suvestinë yra internete Estijos banko svetainës meniu: http://www.eestipank.info/pub/en/majandus/finantskeskkond /kommertspangad. Duomenys sugrupuoti pagal finansinës veiklos pobûdá, su kiekvienos institucijos interneto nuoroda. Ten taip pat pateikiami konsoliduotø balansø ir adresø duomenys. Finansiniø institucijø rizikos ir jø piniginio pajëgumo ávertinimo metodiniai aspektai aptariami Standard ir Poors bendrovës (http://www2.standardandpoors.com) rizikos ir kredito áverèiø svetainëje (pagal svarbiausius veiklos sektorius ir ðalis, 9 kalbomis):

Internal Rating System (IRS) Services Probability of Default (PD) Loss Given Default (LGD) Credit & Risk Training Credit Portfolio Analysis Basel II

67 Research from Risk Solutions Credit Ratings News & Analysis Find a Rating Products & Services Criteria & Definitions Indices News & Analysis Index Changes Policies Index Methodology Products & Services News & Analysis Equity Research Index Committee Policy Stocks in the News Global Industry Classification Standard Top Buys/Top Sells (GICS®) Analytical Methodology Real Time Values Policies Products & Services Þr. taip pat FRS San Francisko banko rizikos vertinimo tinklalapiuose (http://www.frbsf.org/publications/economics/letter/2005/el2005-14.html). Dar keletas naudingø þinomesniø kapitalø rinkos, investicinës banki- ninkystës ir kapitalø investicijø DB adresø yra ðie: • Money Page direktorija su nuorodomis á 289 finansø þinynus internete (http://www.moneypage.com); pradedant finansinëmis paslaugomis verslui, hipotekos ir draudimo operacijomis, kreditais ir baigiant banko kortelëmis (21 paslauga), komunaliniø paslaugø tiekëjo atrinkimu ir atsiskaitymais:

Insurance Loans Car Insurance, Motorbike Bad Credit Loan, Debt Insurance, Home Insurance, Life Consolidation Loan, Home Insurance, Health Insurance, Improvement Loan, Travel Insurance Secured Loan, Unsecured Mortgages Loan 100% Mortgage, Adverse Credit Mortgage, Buy To Let Mortgage, Cash Back Mortgage, Fixed Rate Business Services Mortgage, Right To Buy Credit Cards, Loans, Mortgage, Self Certification Mortgages, Insurance Mortgage Credit Cards 0% APR Credit Card, Bad Credit Credit Card, Balance Transfer Credit Card, Interest Free Credit Card, Low Interest Bank Accounts Credit Card, Student Credit Cards Business Bank Account, Euro Bank Account, Investments Internet Bank Account, ISA, Pensions, Annuities, Islamic Bank Account, Unit Trusts, Bonds, Tax Student Bank Account

68 • Bank of America svetainë (http://www.bofa.com); • Kanados tresto svetainë (http://www.tdcanadatrust.com); • First Union svetainë (http://www.firstunion.com/); • JAV investicinës bankininkystës grupës Citibank DB (http://www.citicorp.com/us/index.htm); • Internetinës investicinës bankininkystës Netbank svetainë (http://secure.netbank.com); • investicinës bankininkystës verslo internetiniø svetainiø direktorijos pagal þemynus (http://www.business.com/directory/financial_services/ investment_banking_and_brokerage/ investment_banks); • Tarptautinio Azijos banko Honkonge svetainë (http://www.iba.com.hk); • Lichtenðteino hipotekos (þemës) banko (Liechtensteinische Landesbank AG, http://www.llb.li); • Mellon Bank Corporation svetainë (http://www.mellon.com); • Raiffeisen Banking Group, Austria (http://www.rzb.at); • Security First Network Bank (http://www.sfnb.com). Bankinës prieþiûros, kovos su pinigø plovimu ir kita mokomoji bei profe- siniø þiniø tikrinimo medþiaga pateikiama FRS web svetainëse, pvz.: http:// www. federalreserve.gov/boarddocs/SupManual/default.htm. Banko korteliø specializuotø finansiniø centrø keletas interneto puslapiø: • Visos tarptautinës paslaugø asociacijos – http://www.visa.com/global- gateway. Puslapiai grupuoti pagal ðalis ir þemynus, informacija suskirstyta pagal operacijas, saugumo ir mokëjimø reikmes, pateikiamos bankø korteliø gavimo, keitimo ir kitos atmintinës, laisvø darbo vietø pasiûla ir pan. (pvz., http://www.visaeurope.com/sitemap/main); • Master Card tarptautinës bendrovës svetainëje http://www.mastercard. com/index.htmll, be panaðios informacijos, galima rasti programø smulkiam ir vidutiniam verslui, lengvatø maþmenininkams ir firmos þenklo naudojimo sàlygas, kitø patarimø. Bankininkystës srityje taip pat reikia iðskirti Socialiniø mokslø informacinio interneto greitkelio nuorodø svetainæ http://sosig.esrc.bris.ac.uk/roads/subject-listing/World-cat/banks.html, kurioje yra ir centriniø bei komerciniø bankø adresai, ir mokomosios bankininkystës DB, ir su pinigø politika susijusios tarptautinës bei svarbesnës nacionalinës finansø institucijos bei bendrijos, taip pat periodiniø bei kitø publikacijø bankininkystës srityje adresø direktorijø;

69 • http://www.qualisteam.com/eng/index.html – Qualisteam bankinin- kystës, finansø ir rinkø interneto direktorijø svetainë anglø, italø ir prancûzø kalbomis, apimanti apie 95 proc. visø bankams skirtø web duomenø baziø; jos meniu paieðkos grupës:

Banks (2886) News Media (81) Africa, Asia, Central Banks, Europe Editions, Internet Broadcasts Bonds (19) Offshore (209) Asia, North America Antigua, Bahamas, Barbados, Bermuda Capital Management (420) Options Futures (203) Companies, Mutual Funds Brokerage, Commodities Documentation (43) Organizations Associations (122) Analysis, Annual Reports Asset Management, Banking, Finance Education (55) Software and tools (158) Adult and Continuing Education Banking, Finance, Insurance, Stocks Financing (160) Stocks (498) Caution, Consumer Credit Advice, For Beginners, IPO, Markets Insurance (191) Taxes (12) Agencies, Brokerage Web Directories Jobs (22) Venture Capital (54) Ads Europe, North America Marketplaces (38) Banks, Commodities, Finance

• http://www.77finance.co.uk – Anglijos bankininkystës, finansiniø in- vesticijø ir rinkø internetinë nuorodø svetainë, apimanti maþdaug 6000 DB; • http://www.InvestmentGuide.co.uk – finansiniø investicijø internetinis þinynas, teikiantis informacijà apie maþdaug 100 skirtingø investavimo ir taupymo bûdø; • http://www.complinet.com – finansiniø paslaugø, investicinës banki- ninkystës, pinigø vadybos ir jø plovimo prevencijos interneto tinklalapiai registruotiems vartotojams; • http://www.pfeg.org – Personal Finance Education Group internetinë svetainë, skirta finansø ir bankinës vadybos mokomajai medþiagai pateikti; • http://www.ifslearning.com – Finansiniø paslaugø instituto (buv. Serti- fikuotø bankininkø instituto – Chartered Institute of Bankers) tinklalapiai, skirti ðio instituto veiklos ir apmokymo adresams bankininkystës ir finansø vadybos srityje pateikti;

70 • Gromco bendrovës puslapiai skirti pagrindiniø banko korteliø interneto adresø direktorijai http://www.creditcardmenu.com/ccm/credit_ card_ search.html. Joje informacija sugrupuota ne pagal korteliø firmas, o pagal jø tipus: standartinës kredito kortelës, nuolaidø perkant kortelës, oro linijø skry- dþiø lengvatø kortelës, verslo kredito ir kitos kortelës: All credit cards Cash rebate card; Airline miles cards; Shopping rewards cards; Student credit cards Business credit cards; New / damaged credit; Low APR credit cards; Balance transfer cards UK credit cards

Be jau minëtø nuorodø, yra nuorodø á Chase ir ATT platinines korteles, American Express ir Discover, Hilton, Dysney‘s ir kitø firmø svetaines. Pastaràjá deðimtmetá iðskirtinës plëtros sritys yra internetinë bankininkystë ir elektroninë prekyba vertybiniais popieriais internete. Joms skirti ne tik didþiøjø interneto finansiniø svetainiø (birþø, bankø) tinklalapiai, bet ir atskiros svetai- nës. Paþymëtina, kad daþnai vienose finansiniø centrø svetainëse e. ban- kininkystës meniu iðskiriami, kitose – ne, nors paslaugø puslapiai parengti atlikti ðias operacijas online. Daþnai ðiose svetainëse yra nuorodø á namø bankininkystës terminalo árengimo prielaidas arba bankomatus, kuriuose galima pasi- naudoti ðiomis ir kitomis bankinë- mis paslaugomis: papildyti banko PC Pay[tm] system http:// kortelæ ið pagrindinës arba kitos www.innovonics.com/pcpay/usage/bank.html sàskaitos iðraðant èekius ir pan. Keletà internetinës bankininkystës svetainiø pateiksime toliau: • Bank of America – www. bankofamerica.com/investments – investi- ciniø sandoriø portalas ðiame banke; • America First Trader – http://www.aftrader.com/ – visas finansines paslaugas teikianèios internete brokerinës firmos bei jos teikiamø investiciniø paslaugø adresas, leidþiantis diversifikuoti investicinius portfelius, be akcijø, átraukiant maþdaug 8000 savitarpio fondø, kitø investiciniø trestø, opcionø sandorius ir kt.; • American Express finansiniai puslapiai – AmeriPrise Financial ben- drovës svetainë http://finance.americanexpress.com/, kurioje galima atlikti tarpusavyje susijusias bankines, investicijø, pensijø, draudimo ir paskolø operacijas, gauti finansines konsultacijas;

71 • Direct Trading Group DB svetainë – http://www.dtgfutures.com/ – uþtikrinanti tiesioginius vertybiniø popieriø, pirmiausia ateities, sandorius, tiesioginá demonstraciná paketà ir profesionalias programines technologijas (þr. J-Trader, RANOrder Pro, RANOrder Basic); • http://www.firstflushing.com; http://www.net-invest.com/ – iðsamûs skirtingø finansø investicijø operacijø, diskonto, valiutiniø ir kitø sandoriø internetiniø adresø portalai; • Interactive Brokers DB – http://www.interactivebrokers.com/; http:// www.investexpress.com – Anglijos bendroviø svetainës, skirtos daugiausia didmeniniø investiciniø operacijø brokeriams ir finansinëms priemonëms; toliau pateikiamas ðios svetainës specializuotas paieðkø meniu atskleidþia gana iðplëtotà sandoriø aplinkos kriterijø hierarchijà:

Our single-minded focus on building trading technology for 29+ years has allowed us to create the premier direct access platform. Discover why traders and investors worldwide have made us the professional’s choice for deep discount online trading of options, futures, forex, stocks, ETFs and bonds on 50+ markets worldwide by applying for an account below.

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72 Universal Direct Access Feature Description Details IB Universal Account® Access to stocks, bonds, options, • IB Universal Account futures, forex, and bonds from • Why Professional Options a single account interface. Traders Choose IB? • Stocks • Shortable Stocks • Exchange Traded Funds • Securities Options • Futures • Futures Options • Bonds • Forex • Single Stock Futures • Warrants • Stock VWAPs • Indices Global Direct Access Direct Access to more than • Exchanges 50 markets in 14 countries. • Trading Permissions • Market Data Subscriptions Broad Bandwidth IB boasts some of the greatest • Exchange Bandwidth bandwidth in the industry to ensure your orders get quickly routed.

Lower Cost IB has automated every aspect Is Your Broker Telling Commissions of the trade process, ensuring the Full Cost Story? that we are the low cost provider. • Stock, ETFs and Warrants All order types are the • Stock and Index Options same commission. • Futures and Future Options • Forex • Bonds IB SmartRoutingSM Get best price execution with IB • Order Routing Logic SmartRoutingSM which continuously • Order Routing Reports evaluates fast changing market conditions. Spread order legs are routed across multiple market centers to achieve best price execution. Margin and Interest IB offers some of the most • Financing Rates Rates competitive interest and margin loan rates in the industry. Exchange Member and Special US and Canadian futures • Exchange Incentive get quickly routed. exchange pricing for members, Programs Incentive Pricing proprietary firms, and trading Programs arcades that IB passes through to customers.

73 Account Information Feature Description Details Commission IB requires its professional • Monthly Minimum Minimums customers to trade commissions Commissions of USD 10.00/month/account • Other Fees (or USD equivalent). Account Minimums US regulators require a minimum • Account Minimums balance of USD 2,000 (or USD • Day Trading Restrictions equivalent) to open an account and USD 25,000 (or USD equivalent) to daytrade stocks or options. Deposits and IB customers may deposit or • Deposits and Transfers Withdrawals withdraw funds with wires, checks, • Withdrawals or an ACH. Multiple transfer • Settlement Instructions methods are also available. • Funds Status • Secure Transaction Program Statements and Statements are available in HTML • Statements Downloads or for download to a number of third- • FlexStatements party packages. In addition, we provide • Base Currency FlexStatements that creates customized • Tax Forms statements in text or XML formats. • Downloads Market Data Real-time market data is available • Market Data Subscriptions for subscription and fees are assessed based on the amounts charged by the exchanges. Margin Margin is calculated on a real-time • Margin Overview basis with automatic liquidation • US Stocks ensuring that IB does not have • Canadian Stocks to spread the cost of credit losses • Other Stocks to our customers like other brokers. • US Options • Canadian Options • Other Options • Futures • Futures Intraday • US SSF • Futures Options • Forex DTC and OCC Delivery vs. Payment, Receipt vs. • Transfers Transfer Services Payment and Clearing Member Trading Agreements are available for the transfer of stocks and options in the US Account Management Assign 1 of 5 account management • Account Management Functions and User functions (i.e. trading, funding, etc.) Functions Assignment and jurisdiction over a group of client accounts.

74 Software Feature Description Details TraderWorkstation Our Trader Workstation is optimized • TWS Interactive Tour for speed of order entry required by • TWS Quickstart Guide professional traders and investors. • TWS Highlights • Trading Software • System Requirements • TWS Demo • Interactive Tours • TWS Users’ Guide TWS Trading Tools IB offers three categories of trading • Risk Assessment tools: Interactive Analytics (Portfoli Highlights Analytics, Option Analytics, Value • Risk Assessment at Risk Analytics, and an Arb Meter), Quickstart Interactive Technicals (Charts, • Technical Highlights Scanner), and Interactive • Technical Quickstart Fundamentals. • Fundamentals Highlights • Fundamentals Quickstart API and FIX Proprietary Application Program • Connection Comparison Interface (API) or FIX connectivity • Interface Comparison for algorithmic traders. • FIX Software • API Software • API Highlights • API Users’ Guide MobileTrader Trade anywhere with our Mobile • MobileTrader Trader for cell phone and • MobileTrader System PDA Access. Requirements Multiple Order Types Over 30 order types that help • Order Types imit risk, speed execution, improve price, provide for discretion and control market timing. Third Party Add-Ons We offer a number of TWS add-ons • Commercial Tools through Toolbox partner program. • Freelance Tools • IB Tools • Consultants

The Company Benefits/Features Description Details Company Credibility IB has been serving professional • Why IB? traders and investors for over • IB Fact Sheet 9 years, our group holds consolidated • About Interactive Brokers equity capital that exceeds $2.1 billion, Group and we are ranked as the 16th largest • The Institutional Investor securities firm by Institutional Investor. Capital Position Ranking

75 • Barron’s Ranking • Exchange and Clearing House Memberships University of IB IB offers a number of educational • IB Webinars forums including Webinars, Trade • IB Trade Shows Shows, a Bulletin Board, Market • IB Bulletin Board Commentary and a Traders’ Chat. • Traders’ Chat • Market Commentary • World Exchanges: • North America • Europe • Asia

• Morgan Stanley svetainë – https://www.morganstanleyclientserv.com/ – interneto finansiniø sandoriø DB, leidþianti jos klientams internete atlikti visas finansø operacijas uþdaru (apsaugotu) reþimu; • http://www.mrstock.com/ svetainë – daugiausia internetiniø operacijø su akcijomis svetainë, leidþianti atlikti ir kitus finansinius sandorius, áskaitant operacijas, susijusias su sveikatingumu, kelionëmis ir kitomis namø ûkiø reikmëmis; • http://www.munidirect.com/ svetainë – specializuota svetainë, daugiausia operacijø atliekanti internetu su savivaldybës (municipalinëmis) obligacijomis; • http://www.ndb.com/ svetainë – diskonto brokeriø paieðkos DB, leidþianti pasirinkti skirtingø sandoriø neetatinius specialistus, palyginti jø paslaugø ákainius, taip pat gauti kità reikalingà informacijà; • ScotTrade svetainë – http://www.discountbroker.com/ svetainë – teikiamø visø tipø brokeriø paslaugø realiu laiku internetinis adresas; jame taip pat pateikiama sandoriø programinë aplinka ScottradeELITE. • Investment zone.com svetainë – http://www.seeq.com/ (ankst. http:// www. summittrading.com) – finansø operacijø DB informacinë aplinka, pateikianti keletà naudingø adresø ateities sandoriø brokeriams prekiaujant didþiosiose tarptautinëse JAV birþose; • GlobaLink Securities, Inc. svetainë – http://www.supertradeusa.com/ – analogiðka nedidelë vertybiniø popieriø brokeriø bei dileriø operacijø korporacijos DB; • http://www.swiftrade.com/ svetainë – tarptautiniø investiciniø operacijø internetinë DB, teikianti smulkesnæ informacijà obligacijø sandoriams, ofðorinëms operacijoms, programinei sandoriø aplinkai tobulinti; jos meniu struktûra pateikiama toliau:

76 SWIFT TRADE INVESTM STRATEG Finance Shopping Bill Consolidation Discount Shopping Jobs Credit History nCar Shopping Career and Education Credit Report Gift Ideas Moms Work From Home Debt Reduction Online Shopping Home Business Opportu- Bad Credit Repair Gift Shopping nity Refinance Morgage Holiday Gifts Hot Jobs Internet Business Computers Insurance Career and Training Block Spam Auto Insurance Identity Theft Affordable Health Insurance Sport CDR Temporary Health Sports Cars Printer Cartridges Insurance Sport Illustrated Notebook and Computers Dental Plan Sports Tickets Toner Cartridges Mortgage Protection College Sports Home Insurance Sport Betting Gambling Sport Authority Sports Betting Home Black Jack Window Blinds Entertainment Online Casino Lower Bills Entertainment Center Progressive Jackpot Security Cameras Las Vegas Poker Affordable Insurance Nightlife Casino Bonus Sauna Kit Concert Ticket Silk Trees Free Movies Internet Online Dating High Speed Internet Cars Free Downloads Insurance Rates Electronics Cheap Hosting Car Loan Satellite Radio Satellite Internet Access Vehicle History Report Flat Screen TV Wireless Computer Buying Cars Security Camera Professional Web Design New Car Price Portable DVD Player Discount Auto Insurance Digital Zoom Camera Health & Beauty Digital Camcorders Heartburn Travel Canadian Drugs Carnival Cruise Gifts Human Growth Hormone Travel Packages Romantic Gifts Sexual Health Hawaii Vacation Gift Baskets Online Pharmacy Last Minute Travel Gift Ideas Hair Loss Caribbean Travel Anniversary Gifts All Inclusive Resorts Dog Gift Holiday Gifts

77 • Thomas Cook svetainë – http://www.fx4business.com/ – daþniausiai uþsienio valiutø operacijø DB, skirta maþoms ir vidutinio dydþio bendroviø online operacijoms, iðankstiniams valiutos pirkimo ir pardavimo sandoriams ir valiutø pervedimams atlikti; • http://www.trade.com/ – finansø investicijø operacijø, diskonto, valiu- tø ir uþsienio prekybos bei kitø sandoriø internetiniø adresø portalas brokeriams:

trade.com Futures Money All the best resources on the net Market Data Business News Business Homes Invest Cars Insurance Stocks Education Internet Hot Stocks Undervalued Stocks Legal Entertainment Investor Finances Shopping Financial Health Travel NYSE Financial News

• https://www.lanterninvestments.com/ – daugiausia savitarpio fondø, draudimo ir kitø investicijø ribojamo naudojimo DB; • Wall Street Access svetainë – http://www.wsaccess.com/ – korporacijos investicijø bei turto vadybos ir konsultacinë DB:

Popular Searches

Buy Stock Online Stock Brokers Trading Trading Stocks Online Trade Stock Analysis Personal Finance Penny Stocks Investing Mutual Funds Online Broker Business

78 • Water House svetainë – http://www.waterhouse.com/ – kotiruoèiø bei investicijø á savitarpio bei fiksuotø pajamø fondus, prekybà akcijomis DB; • Callatay and Wouters internetiniø finansiniø sprendimø tinklalapis: http://www.callatay-wouters.com/; siûlo universalø optimizuotà bankiniø operacijø paketà THALER ir veiksmingà bankinæ e. bankininkystës árangà KYUDO (http://www.callatay.../products_thaler_kyudo.htm); • XPRESSTRADE svetainë – http://www.xpresstrade.com/ – internetinë investiciniø (300 rinkø), ateities ir opcionø bei valiutø (20) sandoriø internete svetainë su demonstraciniais ir apmokymo paketais:

· Contingent Orders · 100% Web-Based · Why Trade Options? · Why Trade Futures? · Trade 300+ Futures · 10 Great Reasons · Commodity Options · What Can I Trade? · Real-Time Quotes · Take the Site Tour · Option Order Entry · Request a Starter Kit · Interactive Charts · 24-Hour Support · Real-Time Quotes · Educational Offerings · Trading Contest · Open an Account · Theoretical Values

Kapitalo partneriø grupës Anglijoje svetainë – http://www.corpfinet.com – investicinës bankininkystës, turto vadybos ir rizikos kapitalo DB su atskiromis Amerikos ir Azijos sekcijomis.

79 2. DIDÞIØJØ PASAULIO BIRÞØ IR INVESTICINIØ FONDØ INFORMACINËS BAZËS IR PASLAUGOS

XXI amþiaus pasaulio finansø ðerdis – vertybiniø popieriø birþø operacijos, kurios vien iðvestiniais indeksais (deriratives) sudaro deðimtis trilijonø JAV doleriø, bei didþiøjø valstybiø ir tarptautiniø pinigø sistemø visuma. Investicinës bankininkystës operacijos, naudojami sandoriø instrumentai turi átakos vertybiniø popieriø kurso svyravimui, finansiniø iðtekliø pasiûlai ir paklausai. Pinigø politikos priemonëmis galima reguliuoti paskolø palûkanø normø lygá ir taip skatinti investicijas, kita vertus, pastarøjø apimtys ir jø pobûdis veikia pinigø politikos galimybes, jos veiksmingumà. Nemaþai informacijos apie sandorius ir jø ávairius kodus nuolat plëtojama, tad svarbu turëti keletà þodynëliø, leidþianèiø jà patikrinti, pavyzdþiui, http://www. investopedia.com/terms. Nors didþiosiose VP birþose kotiruojamø bendroviø skaièiai neapi- bûdina jose vykstanèios finansinës apyvartos, ið jø galime spræsti apie jø tarpusavio proporcijas:

Birþos Bendroviø: NYSE 3,086 AMEX 4,000 NASDAQ 3,909 Tokijo 3,000 Londono 2,783

2.1. NYSE, AMEX, NASDAQ, Europos vertybiniø popieriø birþos, jø informacinës bazës ir paslaugos

Niujorko vertybiniø popieriø birþos DB (NYSE – http://www.nyse.com) yra þinomiausia ir didþiausia pasaulyje, ji gana gerai iðdëstyta. NYSE tinklalapiuose apþvelgiama: naujienos, istorinës perspektyvos, organizacijos valdymas, ávairios publikacijos. Rinkos informacijos dalyje galime rasti vertybiniø popieriø kainø, rinkos suvestiniø, duomenø biblio- tekà ir ávairiø finansinës konjunktûros faktø. Vertybiniø popieriø DB pateikia iðsamià ir konstruktyvià informacijà apie VP kainas, jø savaitinius, mënesinius pokyèius, dividendø pokyèius ir kt. Sàraðe esanèiø bendroviø dalyje pateikiamas visø NYSE uþsiregistravusiø firmø sàraðas, taip pat nuorodos á tø bendroviø adresus internete. Èia pateikiama ir informacija

80 apie tai, ko reikia ne JAV firmai, norinèiai uþsiregistruoti NYSE:

Akcijø savininkø (round-lot holders of 100 or more shares) 5000 Vieðai platinamø akcijø 2,5 mln. JAV dol. Jø rinkos vertë 100 mln. JAV dol. Grynieji nematerialûs aktyvai 100 mln. JAV dol. Bendrosios pajamos iki mokesèiø atskaitymo vid. per 3 metus 100 mln. JAV dol. ið jø minimalios per 1 ið tø 3 metø 25 mln. JAV dol

Pateikiame ðios finansø bazës tinklalapiø struktûrà:

Stock Prices Search Contact Glossary What’s New Site Map Jobs

Copy Rights NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE Credits

Market Listed International Market The NYSE Education Merchandise Information Companies View Regulation

What’s Stock YTD Non-US Surveil- You & The New Prices Listings Listed lance Investment Compa- World Market Enforcement The Auction How To nies Market Summary Get Listed Actions Invest in Yourself Historical Data Listed Global Regulatory Perspective Library Company Investing Updates Outreach Links The Quick Raising Protecting Visit Us Organization Facts Capital the Customers Resources Publications Global & Newsletter Perspectives

NASDAQ-AMEX vertybiniø popieriø birþos DB (http://www.nasdaq- amex.com) turi savo kotiravimo reitingø lenteles. Ji turi plaèià pagalbinæ duomenø bazæ, yra VP rinkos dinamikos diagramos. Skelbiamas akcijø reitingas. Vyksta prekyba akcijomis internetu, pirkëjams pateikiamos apþvalginës lentelës, kuriose galima rasti firmas, atitinkanèias visus pirkëjo reikalavimus. Platus indeksø pasirinkimas. Visa tinklinë birþos informacija yra nemokama. NYSE turi labai plaèià naujienø duomenø bazæ, taip pat pateikia akcijø kotiruotes. Skelbiama akcijø rinkos analizë pagal ávairius indeksus. Ádiegta pagalbos programa „pradedantiesiems“. Pateikiama

81 informacija apie birþos padëtá pasaulinëje finansø rinkoje. NASDAQ sandoriams taikoma Optimark Trading SystemTM, kuri leidþia investuotojams lyg trimatëje finansø erdvëje anonimiðkai pasirinkti sprendimus pagal savo strategijas tam tikru kainø ir sandoriø apimties diapazonu. Informacija apie átrauktus (kotiruojamus) vertybinius popierius pateikiama adresu http:// www.nasdaq-amex.com/mktofmkts/listing_information.stm, rinkos situacija – http://www.nasdaq amex.com/mktofmkts/perfomance_market.stm. Atskiri tinklalapiai skirti tarptautiniø rinkø padëèiai bei procesams analizuoti, indeksø pokyèiams (Nasdaq-100 Index, Standard & Poor’s 500 Composite Stock Price Index, Standard & Poor’s MidCap 400, Dow Jones Industrial AverageSM ir kt.), portfeliniø investicijø konjunktûrai nuðviesti, spekuliaci- niams opcionams ir iðvestiniø indeksø sandoriams bei techninëms jø atlikimo priemonëms ir statistiniams metodams aptarti. Euronext – Europos didþiøjø Paryþiaus, Briuselio, Amsterdamo ir Lisa- bonos birþø junginio (nuo 2000 m.) patogiai sutvarkyta svetainë su iðsamiu finansø operacijø ir jø svertø, rinkos informacijos bei analizës rodikliø meniu, apimanèiu ir sandoriø aplinkà, ir konsultacines priemones, áskaitant publikacijas, þodynëlá, keturiomis Europos kalbomis (http://www. euronext.com/ home/0,3766,1732,00.html?en). Vis svarbiau mokëti nuolat naudotis ðios svetainës meniu ir Lietuvos skirtingø srièiø, ypaè finansines paslaugas tei- kiantiems, interneto narðytojams, todël jo struktûra iliustruojama toliau:

Products & Prices Equities Stocks, Stock options, Universal stock futures, Funds, Warrants & Certificates, Trackers-Structured funds, Tracker options Indices Global indices, National indices, Sectorial indices, Other indices, Index derivatives, Weather indices Interest rates Bonds, Bond derivatives, STIRs, Swapnote® Commodities Commodities Currencies

Private investor Market & Products info General info, Stocks, Indices, Trackers-Structured fnds News & Notices Events, Euronext news, Notices, Announcements, Company news, Annual reports, Newsletters, Listing Center

82 Education centre The exchange, By product, Documents centre How to start trading Belgium, France, Netherlands Questions All FAQs, Glossary Investment clubs Amsterdam, Brussels, Paris

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84 Londono vertybiniø popieriø birþos DB (http://www.stock.co.uk). Ði duomenø bazë yra gerokai paprastesnë, palyginti su NYSE: kur kas prastes- nis duomenø pateikimas, priëjimas ne toks patogus. Áëjus á Londono verty- biniø popieriø birþos meniu, pateikiama ðio tinklalapio struktûra, ið esmës analogiðka daugumai kitø vertybiniø popieriø didþiøjø birþø, tik kiek maþiau iðplëtota: • Apie birþà; • Mûsø rinkos; • Naujienos; • Vertybiniø popieriø rinkø naudojimas; • Apie tinklalapá; • Susisiekimas su duomenø baze; • Paieðka; • Þodynas. Londono vertybiniø popieriø birþos DB taip pat yra sunkiau prieinama, nelengvas DB naudojimo mechanizmas. Ðioje DB nëra atviros informacijos apie konkreèiø bendroviø vertybiniø popieriø kainas, dividendus, jø pokyèius. Yra tik nuorodos á konkreèios firmos internetiná adresà. Tiesa, antraðtiniame interneto puslapyje yra nuoroda á tam tikras operacijas. Siûlomos ðios paslaugos: 1. Akcijø informacijos galimybës, nurodoma, kas tuo rûpinasi; 2. Susipaþinimas su akcijø pirkimo ir pardavimo operacijomis Londono vertybiniø popieriø birþoje; 3. Tiesioginës akcijø kainos; 4. Nuorodos, kur rasti, kas Anglijoje pirktø ir parduotø akcijas. Paryþiaus vertybiniø popieriø birþos DB (http://www.bourse-de-paris.fr) tinklalapio struktûra: 1. Apie Paryþiaus VP birþà; 2. Birþos naujienos; 3. Rinkos (pirminës; antrinës; indeksai, kt. statistika); 4. VP birþos dalyvio atmintinë (investicijø portfelio struktûra, rizikos saugikliai ir kt.); 5. Birþos dalyviai (pateikiamas 100 akcijø prioritetø sàraðas pagal rinkos kapitalizacijà); 6. Paryþiaus VP birþa ir euras.

85 Tokijo vertybiniø popieriø birþos DB (http://www.tse.or.jp/eindex.html) siûlo vertybiniø popieriø apþvalgà pagal pramonës ðakas, veiklos rûðis, kapitalizacijos pokyèius. Pasaulio stambesniø birþø puslapiai pagal regionus pateikiami keliose interneto DB (þr. http://www.tdd.lt/slnews/Stock_Exchanges/Stock.Exchanges. html, http://www.finix.at/fin/selinks.html – 145 pasaulio birþø adresai, ir kt). Svarbiausios birþos yra Pasaulio birþø federacijos nariai (http://www. fibv.com./WFE/home.asp?action=document&menu=54&nav=ie), þr. 6.2. priedà. Jos svetainëje yra apibendrinti rinkø vidaus kapitalizacijos, birþø finansinës apyvartos rodikliai (bendros ir dienos prekybos akcijomis apimtys, apyvartos greitis, kapitalizacijos koncentracija), atsispindi investiciniai srautai, garantuotø vertybiniø popieriø apimtys, opcionø apimtys, áplaukos, tenkanèios akcijai, veiklos indeksai ir kt. Konkretûs vertybiniø popieriø institucijø adresai èia smulkiau neap- tariami, iðskyrus Europos birþø svetaines, be to, pastarieji pakoreguoti pagal 2005 m. ECB ir Europos VPB federacijos skelbtà informacijà apie Europos birþø susiliejimus, http://www.fese.be):

Afrikos VPB • Afrikos VPB; • Ganos VPB; • Johanesburgo VPB, Pietø Afrika; • Pietø Afrikos ateities sandoriø VPB (The South African Futures Exchange, SAFEX).

Azijos ir Ramiojo vandenyno regionø VPB • Australijos VPB (http://www.asx.com.au); • Bombëjaus VPB, Indija; • Dþakartos VPB (Jakarta), Indonezija; • Honkongo ateities sandoriø VPB; • Honkongo VPB; • Indonezijos NET VPB; • Karaèio VPB, Pakistanas; • Kolombo VPB, Ðri Lanka; • Korëjos VPB; • Kvala Lumpûro VPB, Malaizija; • Lahoro VPB, Pakistanas;

86 • Nacionalinë Indijos VPB; • Nagojos VPB, Japonija; • Naujosios Zelandijos VPB; • Osakos VPB, Japonija; • Pietø Afrikos ateities sandoriø VPB, Australija; • Shenzhen VPB, Kinija; • Singapûro tarptautinë pinigø birþa (Singapore International Monetary Exchange Ltd., SIMEX); • Singapûro VPB (SES); • Ðri Lankos akcijø birþa (Stock Closings, Sri Lanka); • Tailando VPB; • Taivano VPB; • Tokijo grûdø birþa, Japonija; • Tokijo tarptautinë ateities sandoriø VPB (International Financial Futures Exchange, TIFFE), Japonija; • Tokijo VPB.

Europos VPB (patikslinta pagal web svetainæ http://www.fese.be/ federation/members.htm) • EURONEXT grupë (2000 m. susijungë Paryþiaus, Amsterdamo ir Briuselio VPB, 2002 m. prisijungë Portugalijos Lisabonos VPB; http://www.euronext.com); Londono tarptautinë ateities finansiniø sandoriø ir opcionø VPB tapo jos padaliniu Euronext LIFFE (http:/ /www.euronext.com/home_derivatives/0,4810,1732_6391950,00. html); • Ðiaurës Europos birþa OMX (Kopenhaga, Helsinkis, Talinas, Stokholmas, Ryga, Vilnius) http://www.omxgroup.com/en/ index.aspx); • Visos Europos spartaus augimo VPB EASDAQ (www.easdaq.com; http://www.easdaq.be) jà naudoja savo finansø operacijoms ir viena pasaulio lyderiø – NASDAQ VPB; • Vokietijos (Frankfurto) VPB (http://deutsche-boerse.com/dbag/dis patch/de/kir/gdb_navigation/home); • Vienos VPB, Austrija (http://www.wienerborse.at/cms/2); • Prahos VPB, Èekijos Respublika (http://www.pse.cz); • Kopenhagos VPB, Danija (operatorius OMX, http://www.cse.dk/ kf?languageID=1);

87 • Helsinkio VPB, Suomija (nuo 2004 m. operatorius OMX, Suomija; http://www.hex.com/en); • Talino VPB (nuo 2004 m. operatorius OMX, Suomija; www.tse.ee); • Rygos VPB (nuo 2004 m. operatorius OMX; http://www.lv. omxgroup.com/?lang=en); • Paryþiaus VPB (Euronext narys, http://www.euronext.com); • MATIF, Prancûzija (integruota á Euronext, http://www.matif.fr/ indexE4.htm); • Atënø birþa, Graikija (2002 m. susiliejo Atënø VPB ir Atënø derivatyvø birþos, http://www.ase.gr/default_en.asp); • Budapeðto VPB, Vengrija (http://www.bse.hu/onlinesz/index_e. html); • Italijos VPB (http://www.borsaitalia.it/mercati/homepage/ borsaitaliana.html); • Vilniaus (Lietuvos) VPB (nuo 2004 m. operatorius OMX, Suomija; http://www.lt.omxgroup.com/?lang=en); • Amsterdamo VPB, Olandija (2000 m. ásitraukë á Euronext; http:/ /www.aex.nl/aex.asp?taal=en); • Oslo VPB, Norvegija (http://www.oslobors.no/ob/?languageID=1); • Norvegijos ateities sandoriø ir opcionø kliringo rûmai (http:// www.nos.no); • Varðuvos VPB (http://www.wse.com.pl/index_e.asp); • Lisabonos VPB, Portugalija (nuo 2002 m. tapo Euronext Liuobon; http://www.euronext.pt/bvlp/homepage_en.html); • Bukareðto VPB, Rumunija (http://www.bvb.ro/); Rumunijos uþbirþiniø sandoriø DB – Rasdaq (http://www.rasdaq.ro/); • Rusijos VPB (http://www.indx.ru/eng/); • Maskvos fondø birþa (http://www.mse.ru/); • Maskvos tarpbankiniø valiutø sandoriø birþa (http://www.micex. com); • Bolsas y Mercados Espanoles (sujungë Barselonos, Madrido, Ispanijos ateities finansiniø sandoriø ir opcionø bei kitas VPB; http://www.bolsasymercados.es/asp/homepage.asp?id=ing); BME turi regioninius skyrius Barselonoje, Bilbao, Madride, MEFF ir Valensijoje);

88 • Stokhholmo VPB (nuo 2004 m. operatorius OMX, Suomija; http:/ /www.omxgroup.com/stockholmsborsen); • Ðveicarijos VPB (SWX, http://www.swx.com/index.html); • Stambulo VPB, Turkija (http://www.ise.org); • Londono VPB (London Stock Exchange, http:// www.londonstockexchange.com/en-gb/); • Londono kliringo rûmai (http://www.lchclearnet.com/ home.asp?noflash=true); • Elektroninë akcijø rinka (www.esi.co.uk), Anglija; • Islandijos VPB (http://www.icex.is/is?languageID=1); • Airijos VPB (http://www.virt-x.com/); • Bratislavos VPB (http://www.bsse.sk/index.aspx?LANG=EN); • Maltos VPB (http://www.borzamalta.com.mt); VPB (http:// www.cse.com.cy/gr/default.asp); • Liuksemburgo VPB (http://www.bourse.lu/index.jsp).

Artimøjø Rytø VPB • Tel Avivo VPB, Izraelis; • Amano finansø rinka, Jordanija; • Beiruto VPB, Libanas; • Palestinos VPB; • Stambulo VPB, Turkija.

Ðiaurës Amerikos VPB • Alberta Stock Exchange, Kanada; • Montreal Stock Exchange, Kanada; • Toronto Stock Exchange, Kanada; • Vancouver Stock Exchange, Kanada; • Winnipeg Stock Exchange, Kanada; • Canadian Stock Market Reports, Kanada; • KanadaStockwatch, Kanada; • Mexican Stock Exchange, Meksika; • AMEX, JAV;

89 • New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), JAV; • NASDAQ, JAV; • The Arizona Stock Exchange, JAV; • Chicago Stock Exchange, JAV; • Chicago Board Options Exchange, JAV; • Chicago Board of Trade, JAV; • Chicago Mercantile Exchange, JAV; • Kansas City Board of Trade, JAV; • Minneapolis Grain Exchange, JAV; • Pacific Stock Exchange, JAV; • Philadelphia Stock Exchange, JAV.

Pietø Amerikos VPB: • Bermudø VPB; • Rio de Þaneiro VPB, Brazilija; • San Paulo VPB, Brazilija; • Kaimanø Salø VPB; • Èilës elektroninë VPB; • Santjago VPB, Èilë; • Bogotos VPB, Kolumbija; • Vakarø VPB, Kolumbija; • Guayaquilo VPB, Ekvadoras; • Jamaikos VPB; • Nikaragvos VPB; • Limos VPB, Peru; • Trinidado ir Tobago VPB; • Karakaso VPB, Venesuela; • Venesuelos elektroninë VPB.

90 Keletas komercinës bankininkystës þinynø ir informaciniø svetainiø internete: • http://www.aaadir.com – pasaulio bankø ir kredito unijø þinyno bei finansø informacijos interneto puslapiai; svetainës meniu numatytos ávairios papildomos susijusios paieðkos galimybës – ekonominës analitikos ir prognostikos, valiutiniø, draudimo, investicijø ir skolø vadybos operacijø, aukcionø ir e. prekybos, bankinës statistikos, terminijos ir specialiøjø publikacijø; finansø programiniø sprendimø bei árangos ir t. t.:

Home Banking Banking Offshore Banking Online Bank Investment Banking Online Banking Banking Jobs Currency Exchange Personal Banking Internet Banking Business Banking Ordering Check PC Banking Bank of America Online Banking Banking Services Internet Bank International Banking Well Fargo Online Banking Private Banking Credit Union

• http://www.bankersalmanac.com – 27 000 registruotø pasaulio bankø ir 230 000 jø uþsienio ir kitø filialø, 7500 kontroliuojanèiøjø bendroviø ir 21 000 jø priklausiniø þinynas; • http://www.bankweb.com; http://www.bankrate.com/brm/default.asp; http://www.bankinfo.com – iðsamios bankininkystës informacijos direktorijø internetinës svetainës; kai kurie struktûros skirsniai: • http://www.qualisteam.com – iðsamios finansø ir bankininkystës (maþdaug 3500 adresø) bei verslo ir rinkø (maþdaug 1000 adresø) informacijos ið 70 ðaliø internetinë svetainë (per 1800 finansø serveriø adresø). Globalinës vertybiniø popieriø ir valiutø sandoriø svetainës leidþia lengvai pereiti ið sandoriø vienoje birþoje á kitas, pavyzdþiui, Sity Global svetainëje: http://sitioglobal.com/index.asp. Virtuali Europos finansiniø san- doriø DB, priþiûrima Ðveicarijos ir Anglijos finansiniø firmø, randama adresu http://www.virt-x.com.

91 2.2. Investiciniø fondø ir kitos finansø informacinës DB. Investicinës bankininkystës paslaugos

Yahoo! Finance, Standard & Poors, Associated Press, Morgan Stanley, Business Wire, Motley Fool, Internet Stock Report ir kiti internetiniai rinkos vadovai pateikia smulkià finansinæ informacijà apie maþdaug 50 tûkst. vie- ðøjø bendroviø bei fondø ir jø vertybinius popierius. Ðioje sistemoje daug dëmesio skirta investiciniams fondams, kurie suteikia galimybæ, pasinaudojant kapitalo rinkos priemonëmis, diversifikuoti rizikà. Pateikiama tikrai daug informacijos apie investicinius – ypaè savitarpio ir kitus – fondus, jø vaidmená bei átakà finansø sistemoje (jø adresus galima rasti Yahoo! Fi- nance tinklalapiuose): • MutualFunds.about.com – savitarpio fondø informacija, metodiniai patarimai investuotojams. • http://www.sec.gov/index.htm – EDGAR finansiniø fondø ir birþø informacija, paremta JAV valstybinës Vertybiniø popieriø ir birþø komisijos duomenimis; jos svetainës meniu pateikiamas toliau:

About the SEC What We Do Commissioners Upcoming Events SEC Rules of Practice SEC Rules on Fair Fund and Disgorgement Plans Forms (PDF Format) Laws & Regulations SEC Annual Reports Concise Directory Data Quality Guidelines Regulatory Actions GPRA (most recent information) Proposed Rules FAIR Act (2001 Inventory) Final Rules Concept Releases Filings & Forms (EDGAR) Interpretive Releases Quick EDGAR Tutorial Policy Statements Search for Company Filings PCAOB Rulemaking About EDGAR SRO Rulemaking and NMS Plans FTP Users Exchange Act Exemptive Applications Descriptions of SEC Forms Exemptive Orders SIC Codes Other Commission Orders and Notices Information For EDGAR Filers Public Petitions for Rulemaking

92 Staff Interpretations Administrative Proceedings Staff Accounting Bulletins ALJ Initial Decisions & Orders Staff Legal Bulletins Reports of Investigations Staff No-Action Letters, Interpretative Commission Opinions and Exemptive Letters Trading Suspensions Investors Claims Funds Investor Information Briefs Questions - Get Fast Answers Online Publications Information For... Corporate Bankruptcy Accountants Internet Fraud Brokers-Dealers SEC en Español EDGAR Filers Calculators Funds & Advisers Check Out Brokers and Advisers Municipal Markets Investor Education Links Small Businesses Complaint Center Investor Alerts Divisions For Teachers and Students Corporation Finance Investors Claims Funds Enforcement Investor Complaint Data Investment Management Market Regulation News & Public Statements News Digest Spotlight Press Releases SEC v. WorldCom Inc. Special Studies Global Research Analyst Settlement Speeches and Public Statements Hedge Funds Testimony Sarbanes-Oxley Rulemaking and Reports Open Commission Meeting Webcasts Breakpoints Other SEC Webcasts Credit Rating Agencies Investor Complaint Data Market Structure Hearings Corporate Officer Statements Persuant to Section Litigation 21(a)(1) Litigation Releases Anti-Money Laundering Rulemaking

• Analogiðkà informacijà teikia ir kitos EDGAR DB, pavyzdþiui, http://edgar-online.fundinfo.wilink.com/asp (pagal investicinius kriterijus, fondø grupes ir pan.). • http://www.morganstanleyindividual.com/markets/fundcenter – Mor- gan Stanley savitarpio fondø rinkø ir jø tyrimø, klientø operacijø, uþdarøjø

93 fondø (su ribotu akcijø kiekiu), mokesèiø ir kitø konsultacijø centras (dalis atviros informacijos apie fondus pateikiama pdf formatu siekiant riboti neásiregistravusiø naudotojø srautus). Ði aukðto patikimumo bendrovë valdo 600 mlrd. JAV doleriø vertës fondus 28 pasaulio ðalyse. • Brill.com – savitarpio fondø informacija, portfelinës vadybos patirtis. • Findafund.com – savitarpio fondø informacija, jø lyginimo ir anali- zës duomenys. • FundSpot.com – JAV savitarpio fondø informacija. • Websonthe web – World Equity Benchmark Shares (WEBS) investiciniai sprendimai, palengvinantys dalyvavimà tarptautinëse VP rinkose. • Morningstar.com – savitarpio fondø informacija, kotiruotës, jø rinkø naujienos. • www.sec.gov/ mfcc/mfcc-int.htm – savitarpio fondø operacijø skai- èiuoklës.

• www.mfea.com – savitarpio fondø investuotojø þinynas ir jø rinkø naujienos. • Mutualfundsnet.com – savitarpio fondø ir susijusiø investicijø bei finansiniø paslaugø puslapiai. • www.noloadmutualfunds.com – Precision Fund Management, Inc. savitarpio fondø portfeliø vadyba, ávairios pensijø ir kitø fondø strategijos; • http://www.mutualfundreporter.com – Ðkotijos savitarpio fondø ir investicijø interneto puslapiai; • http://www.ici.org/sitemap/index.html – JAV savitarpio fondø investiciniø sandoriø, korporacinës vadybos ir tarptautiniø operacijø, rizikos ávertinimø, konsultacijø ir apmokymo, statistinës informacijos portalas; • Quicken.com/investments/Mutualfunds – þinomo finansiniø operacijø serverio fondø vadybos ir programinës aplinkos bei kitø firmos paslaugø bei produktø portalas; toliau – jo meniu struktûra:

94 • PORTFOLIO TRACKING •QUICK BOOKS •QUICKEN LOANS •TURBOTAX • INSURANCE •FEEDBACK

Products & Services Help & Support My Alerts Manage Your Money User’s Guide Retirement Planner Quicken Basic 2006 Download User Manuals One-Click Scorecard Quicken Deluxe 2006 Search the Knowledge Base Stock & Mutual Fund Evaluator Quicken Premier 2006 Quicken Software Updates WebEntry Quicken Premier Home Quicken Bill Pay Support & Business 2006 Quicken Credit Card Support Quicken for Mac 2006 Quicken Phone Support Live Online Chat Help Bills & Banking Center Organize your Health, Home and Report a Bug, Error, or Quicken Bill Pay Property Malfunction Quicken Personal MasterCard Quicken Medical Expense Manager Suggest a Product Improvement Credit Quicken Rental Property Manager 2.0 Glossary of Financial Terms Savings Loans Other Quicken Products My Quicken Quicken Checks & Supplies Quicken Bill Pay Investing Center Log In Debt Reduction Planner Quicken Credit Card Quicken Account Data Savings Calculator Credit Reports WebEntry Loan Calculator Quicken Checks and Quicken Bill Pay Log In Supplies Pocket Quicken Quicken Credit Card Log In Small Business Center Quicken Online Backup Quicken Checks & Supplies Start a Business CreditCheck Monitoring Log In Run a Business Learn & Explore My Account Grow a Business Why Upgrade? Free Newsletter Watch Quicken Video Debt Reduction Planner Quicken Learning Center Downloading Financial Data Savings Calculator Manage your Finances Loan Calculator Manage Employees Gain Customers Tips & Resources Investing Center Run your Office User’s Guide My Quicken Account Data Quicken Business Solutions Quicken Manuals My Watchlist Downloads and Updates My Miniport Automatic Backup My Reminders Free Newsletter Portfolio Debt Reduction Planner Savings Calculator Loan Calculator Tips & Tricks

95 • Robertsonindex.com – Kanados savitarpio fondø reitingø ir opera- cijø portalas; • Micropal.com – Standard & Poor’s fondø vadybos, reitingø ir anali- zës puslapiai; • TrustNet Limited – iðsami informacija apie JAV ir Didþiosios Bri- tanijos investicinius fondus, ofðorines ir kitas investicines operacijas. MoneyWeb informacinës finansø paieðkos serveris su gausia internetiniø teminiø nuorodø svetaine http://www.moneywebsearch.com pateikia daug vertingø nuorodø, skirtø verslui, vadybai ir finansø investicijoms bei kitoms jø operacijoms rinkoms, áskaitant specialias skaièiuokles, profesines knygas ir publikacijas, diskusijø klubus internete. Finansø DB iðskirtos tinklalapiø grupës (http://www.moneywebsearch.com/directory/Finance_and_Investment/ Banking/index.shtml): • Bankininkystë, centriniai bankai (…Banking/index.shtml); • Obligacijos (…/Bonds/index.shtml); • Prekiø rinkos (…/Commodities/index.shtml); • Valiutos (.../Currency/index.shtml); • Nekilnojamojo turto planavimas (.../Estate_Planning/index.shtml); • Finansavimas (.../Financing/index.shtml); • Ateities ir opcionø sandoriai (.../Futures_and_Options/index.shtml); • Draudimas (.../Insurance/index.shtml); • Investicijos (.../Investment/index.shtml); • Fondø vadyba (.../Managed_Funds/index.shtml); • Nuosavybë (.../Property/index.shtml); • Vieðieji siûlymai (.../Public_Offerings/index.shtml); • Publikacijos (.../Publications/index.shtml); • Iðtekliai (.../Resources/index.shtml); • Pensijø planavimas (.../Retirement_Planning/index.shtml); • Akcijos (.../Stocks_and_shares/index.shtml.

• http://www.moneyworld.co.uk/faqs/bonfaq3.htm – Money Extra finansinës informacijos internete tinklalapiai.

96 Investiciniai fondai su fiksuota kapitalizacija

• www.closed-endfunds.com – institucinës bendrovës The Closed-End Fund Association (CEFA) kotiruotës, lyderiai, portfeliniø investicijø, diversifikacijos ir kiti vadybos patarimai. • www.sec.gov/answers/mfclose.htm – bendroji informacija apie uþ- daras investicines bendroves ir operacijas jø vertybiniais popieriais ið JAV Vertybiniø popieriø ir birþø komisijos. • www.powerinvestor.com/Primer/Mutual-Funds/Closed-End-Mutual- Funds.htm – bendroji informacija apie uþdaras investicines bendroves:

Research Timing Models Spotlight Stocks Sentimentum Report

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Indeksø fondai

Pagal besiplëtojanèià sampratà ðie finansiniø investicijø fondai dar apibûdinami kaip iðvestiniø savitarpio indeksø arba spekuliaciniø sandoriø valiuta (exchange traded fund, ETF) fondai.

97 IndexFunds.com – nepri- klausoma informacija apie investicinius sandorius indeksais maþdaug 700 investiciniø fondø. Rizikos ávertinimas, apmokymas ir investicinës operacijos nuosekliais etapais, kitos paslaugos, daug integraliø parametrø diagramø, analitiniø publikacijø apþvalgos. • www.etfconnect.com – bendroji finansinë informacija apie birþos operacijas uþdarø investiciniø bendroviø vertybiniais popieriais ir indeksø sandoriais. • http://www.nasdaqtrader.com; http://quotes.nasdaq.com; nasdaq. com/aspxcontent/qqqq/index.aspx – Nasdaq interneto svetainiø bei direk- torijø adresai su birþø ir jose besikotiruojanèiø firmø ir veiklos ðakø verty- biniø popieriø ir operacijø su jais indeksais, apibûdinanèiais didþiausiø JAV ir nefinansiniø tarptautiniø bendroviø veiklos ir rinkos sandoriø konjun- ktûrà; pateikiamos investavimo analitinës priemonës, rizikø áverèiai, rodikliø diagramos. Tai viena geriausiø finansø investicijø informacijos ir analizës svetainiø grupiø. • http://www.dnb.com/us – Dun and Bradstreet firmos DB, skirtas finansø vadybai, kreditø tvarkymui ir kitoms verslo (ypaè smulkaus) finansø, marketingo, pardavimø bei tiekimo konsultacijø paslaugoms internete. Dun and Bradstreet teikia ir finansinio patikimumo reitingus (jø kriterijai iðdëstyti tinklalapyje http://www.dnb.com/us/customer_service/paydex_tables.html). Toliau þr. svetainës meniu:

D&B UNITED STATES HOMEPAGE

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98 • mutualfunds.about.com/od/indexfunds; www.fool.com/school/ mutualfunds/indexfund – pagrindiniø indeksø fondø sandoriø, analizës ir kitos informacijos puslapiai. • wallstreet.cch.com/AmericanStockExchangeAMEX/ ListofSecurities – AMEX Exchange Traded Funds informacinë DB apie Nasdaq-100 Index Tracking Stock (QQQ), Standard & Poor’s indëliø sertifikatus (SPDRs, SPY), MidCap SPDR (MDY), DIAMONDS (Dow Jones Industrial Average diversifikuoti iðvestiniø indeksø vertybiniai popieriai, sutr. DIA), jø simbolius ir kotiruotes; finansiniø terminø þodynëlis ir kitos finansinës paslaugos investuotojams. • About.com: Index Funds; http://www.moneychimp.com/articles/ index_funds/fund_list.htm – informaciniai interneto puslapiai apie svarbiausius indeksø fondus (Russel, Wilshire,S&P) ir kitos finansinës paslaugos. • http://www.gnitouch.com – Didþiosios Britanijos akcijø, ateities ir opcionø sandoriø uþsienio valiutomis (forex) interneto brokeriø svetainë – skelbia apmokymo instrukcijas ir kai kurias demonstracinës aplinkos versijas (plg. http://www. gnitouch.com/pdf/FIX.pdf); NYSE Indexes – kotiruojamø bendroviø indeksø grupës svarbiausiuose finansiniø rinkø segmentuose. Vertingos investicinës bankininkystës informacijos galima rasti interneto puslapiuose http://research.thomsonib.com; http://www.investext. com – Thomson Financial’s Investment Banking grupës 6 mln. dokumentø apþvalga (SEC Edgar, Dun&Bradstreet ir kt.); jos grupës Investext® Investment puslapiuose – 600 pagrindiniø investiciniø bankø, brokeriø kontorø ir konsul- taciniø firmø analitikø ið viso pasaulio vertinimai, 12 DB su 6 mln. statistiniø ir teisiniø dokumentø; kasdien – iki 2000 naujø praneðimø:

Disclosure® providing comprehensive company information—including SEC filings, insider trading filings and analysis, state and federal agency documents, criminal and civil filings, and bankruptcy filings—for over 12,000 companies traded on the major U.S. stock exchanges Worldscope® covering both US and international company filings Investext® Investment Research featuring research reports written by top analysts at over 800 leading investment banks, brokerage houses, and consulting firms worldwide. Nearly 2,000 new reports are added each business day Market Research containing in-depth primary research and statistics, market trends, forecasts, segment analysis and much more I/B/E/S® with current and historical earnings estimates for more than 18,000 companies worldwide

99 Extel™ Cards and News connecting you to detailed business information (including up to 1,400 data items on each Extel™ Card), as-reported filings, and recent company announcements from thousands of global companies Real-time and historical SEC EDGAR filings, scanned images of company annual reports, foreign exchange filings, and hard-copy SEC filings New Issues featuring complete issue-by-issue coverage of all sizable US debt and equity offerings from 1990 to present day Private Company profiles featuring contact information, sales, and employment data for thousands of US and UK private companies Articles Online database featuring over 1300 US and international publications

• http://www.infochoice.com.au/banking/default.asp – paskolø, sàskai- tø, hipotekos tvarkymas online internetu, skaièiuoklës; • www.capital-unlimited.com – smulki sustruktûrinta plataus diapa- zono finansiniø paslaugø ir kitø direktorijø internete DB;

• www.oresaventures – ilgalaikiø rizikos investicijø Vi- durio ir Rytø Europoje bendro- vës Oresa Ventures, valdanèios maþdaug 100 mln. eurø, tinklalapis; • www.vfinance.com – Kauffman Foundation (Kansas City) investici- nës informacijos svetainë, Inovacinës verslininkystës centro (Center for In- novative Entrepreneurship) rizikos investuotojø informacinis tinklalapis, apimantis 1400 rizikos kapitalo firmø; pateikia 22 000 potencialiø investuo- tojø registrà ir jø apklausø rezultatus (vad. Angel Search); atnaujinama dukart per dienà. Internete daþnai pateikiama informacija apie investiciniø portfeliø planavimà bei rizikos paskirstymo variantus ir jø analizës bûdus (þr., pvz., DB: http://www.moneychimp.com/articles/risk/riskintro.htm; http://www. moneysense.ca; https://iworksheet.fidelity.ca/NestEggApp/en/index.html; http:/ /www.sdc.gc.ca/en/home.shtml; ir kt.). Daugelyje apþvelgiamø DB didesniems investuotojams – bankams, dileriams, finansø bendrovëms – pateikiama informacija pasikartoja, apsiribojama tik pagrindiniais indeksais ir kainomis. Pinigø rinkos fondai, siûlantys internete smulkiesiems investuotojams á pinigø rinkà investuoti palyginti nedidelius pinigus, teikia daug smulkesnës informacijos, ypaè tam tikrose fondø grupëse.

100 Ið kitø finansø sandoriø, rinkø bei analitiniø informacijos DB dar iðskirtina universali komerciniø sandoriø ir paslaugø internetiniø svetainiø direktorija: http://tradershaven.com – ji apima skolos konsolidavimo, pakartotinio finansavimo, hipotekos, kreditø, investavimo bei mokëjimø operacijø adresus; be finansiniø operacijø, joje pateikiami bûsto verslo ir teisës, draudimo ir kelioniø, iðsilavinimo ir kiti verslo DB adresai internete.

• http://www.bondmarkets.com – internetinës Obligacijø rinkø asociacijos svetainës adresas: teikiama informacija pagal obliga- cijø rûðis, regionus, taip pat teisinio reguliavimo, techninës analizës, obligacijø ir globaliø rinkø praktikos bei naujienø, konsultacijø investuotojams bei regioniniø dileriø sàraðø tinklalapiai. Apþvelgiamos aktualiausios publikacijos visais tais klausimais (.../research_all.asp? catid=37), pateikiama iðsami rinkø statistika (.../research_all.asp?catid= 36), e. sandoriø sistemos (.../story.asp?id=1494), sandoriø standartiniai dokumentai(.../standardagreements/); • http://www-gsb.uchicago.edu/research/crsp; taip pat þr. http:// web.mit.edu/doncram/www/crsp.html – Vertybiniø popieriø kainø tyrimo centro tinklalapiai; teikiamos nuorodos á ðiø kainø tyrimo metodikas; pateikiama vertybiniø popieriø indeksø, iþdo vekseliø bei nekilnojamojo turto statistika (...http://www-gsb.uchicago.edu/research/crsp/products/index.html); • http://fisher.osu.edu/fin/overview.htm;.../osudata.htm – Ohajo universiteto finansø departamento finansiniø institucijø bei statistikos ir ekonomikos tyrimø publikacijø, taip pat draudimo ir finansiniø rinkø inter- netinës DB tinklalapiai (daugiausia nuorodos á kitas DB); • http://www.datastream.com – 720 mln. statistikos duomenø ið birþø ir kitø finansiniø institucijø tinklalapiai, dabar sujungti su Thomson Finan- cial svetaine; apima investicinës bei turto vadybos bankininkystës sandoriø ir konsultacinius tinklalapius (þr. jos adresu: http://www.thomson.com/financial/financial.jsp). • http://www.regisdata.co.uk/tickdata.htm – labai iðsami birþø verty- biniø popieriø indeksø (pirmiausia NASDAQ ir LSE), finansiniø ateities ir iðvestiniø indeksø apmokamo naudojimo statistikos internetinë bazë; • http://www.fis-group.com/products.htm; http://www.insightful.com/industry/finance/risk.asp – finansiniø informaciniø sistemø programinës árangos svetainës; siûlo finansinio stochastinio modeliavimo (Black-Scholes

101 ir kt.), garantiniø vertybiniø popieriø arbitraþo bei rizikos vadybos metodus, specialias finansinës analizës programas Windows aplinkai; • http://www.americaneconomics.com/product.html – Amerikos ekonomikos grupës teikiamø konkreèios ekonominës analizës (efektyvumo, apmokestinimo, pajamø, plëtros, fiskaliniø projektø ir t. t.) bei prognoza- vimo ir kitø paslaugø svetainë; • http://corp.bankofamerica.com/public/products/research.jsp – Bank of America JAV finansø ir statistikos svetainë, teikianti globaliø ir JAV rinkø ekonominius rodiklius, fiskalinës politikos ir biudþeto duomenis, finansiniø rinkø strategijø, pramonës perspektyvø bei korporaciniø obligacijø rizikos analizës vertinimus (registruotiems vartotojams): • http://www.conference-board.org/economics/bci; http://www. business- cycle.com/services.php; http://www.economy.com/dismal/thisweek. asp?f=20 – vertybiniø popieriø ir valiutø rinkø bei ekonominiø ciklo rodikliø ana- lizës bei korporacinës vadybos strategijø ir planavimo (daþniausiai iðsi- vysèiusiø ðaliø) interneto tinklalapiai, prieinami tik registruotiems vartotojams; jø meniu skirsniai pateikiami toliau:

SOLUTIONS AND SERVICES

Asset-Based Finance Investment Solutions Asset Management Leasing Card Solutions Mergers & Acquisitions Advisory Dealer Services NYSE Specialist Firm Debt and Liquid Products Principal Investing Equities Real Estate Foreign Exchange Research Futures Trade Services Government Services Treasury Management Services. Insurance Services

• http://www.cbo.gov – JAV Kongreso biudþeto biuro finansø statistikos, prognoziø ir publikacijø daugiausia biudþeto klausimais atvirai prieinama interneto svetainë; skelbiamos biudþeto ir ekonomikos svarbiausiøjø sekto- riø tendencijos laikotarpiui nuo 2006 iki 2015 biudþetiniø metø (skirtingomis prielaidomis) (.../showdoc.cfm?index=6060&sequence=0); yra biudþeto ir ekonomikos terminø þodyno (.../showdoc.cfm?index= 6060&sequence=13), publikacijø biudþeto klausimais, socialinio draudimo tinklalapiø;

102 • http://www.e-forecasting.com – 58 ðaliø (apimanèiø 96 proc. pasaulio BNP, penkeriems metams á prieká) ir jø didesniø bendroviø bei rinkø ekono- miniø rodikliø (konkurencingumas rinkose, kainos ir pan.) prognoziø mokama interneto svetainë:

INDICATORS FORECASTS

Leading Indicators Economic Forecasts US Leading Indicator Business Forecasting State Leading Indicators Company Forecasts Global Leading Indicators State Economic Forecasts US Monthly GDP US Economic Forecasts Global Economic Forecasts

• http://www.economy.com/default.asp – internetinë finansiniø rodik- liø, kredito rizikos, JAV makro-, regioniniø ir valstijø statistikos, modeliø bei prognoziø mokama DB; • http://www.forecastcenter.com – verslo, demografiniø, finansø, energetikos, aplinkosaugos, gyvenimo bûdo ir kitø rodikliø bei jø prognoziø (.../forecastweb.html) internetinë mokama svetainë; yra gausiø nuorodø á kitas prognoziø ir ekonomikos tyrimø institucijas; • http://neatideas.com – Finansiniø prognoziø centro interneto sve- tainë, skirta konjunktûriniø (birþø indeksø, valiutø keitimo ir pinigø rinkø) ir bendrøjø JAV ekonomikos rodikliø statistikos eilutëms; pateikiamos ir ilgalaikiø finansiniø rodikliø 10 m. (infliacijos, nedarbo, palûkanø, aukso, hipotekos, naftos dol., BNP), taip pat vidutinës trukmës (18 mën.) progno- zës; skelbiami 18 valiutø ilgalaikiai kursai, 9 ið jø – prognozës. Dauguma duomenø ir grafinës analizës mokama; • http://www.macroadvisers.com; http://www.msgpl.com.au; http://www. nationalcity.com/corporate/EconomicInsight/default.asp – ekonominiø pro- gnoziø, modeliavimo ir politikos analizës apþvalgø svetainës; pirmoji teikia tik mokamas paslaugas; • http://www.pwc.com/us/eng/about/svcs/index.html – Pricewaterhouse Coopers’ svetainës konsultaciniai tinklalapiai verslo ir finansiniø investicijø, audito ir finansinës kontrolës, þmogiðkøjø iðtekliø, mokesèiø ir kitais klausimais. Dauguma informacijos ir konsultacijø mokamos, paieðkos meniu struktûra tokia:

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PricewaterhouseCoopers provides industry-focused services for public and private clients. Our experi- enced staff, combined with our global network, allow us to provide the support you need— wherever you need it, at home and abroad, whatever the size of your organization.

104 • http://www.remi.com – Regioninio ekonomikos modeliavimo, progno- ziø ir konsultacijø tinklalapis 9 kalbomis; jo meniu struktûra pateikiama toliau:

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• http://www.economy.com/store/default.asp – ávairiø ekonominës analizës apþvalgø ir rodikliø DB mokami, tinkamai sustruktûrinti tinklalapiai.

105 3. FINANSINIO TARPININKAVIMO IR KONSULTAVIMO INFORMACINËS DB

Kalbant apie rinkos informacijos ir konsultacines sistemas, pirmiausia aptartinos ðios, daþniausiai finansinio tarpininkavimo, duomenø bazës: Bloomberg, Barrons, Stockmaster ir Global Financial Database, EDGAR, DETI, GMID. Ypaè daug dëmesio nusipelno JAV vyriausybinë EDGAR DB ( sutr. Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval system) adresu http://www.sec.gov/edgar/about edgar.htm. Stockmaster duomenø bazë (http://www. stockmaster.com) ákurta 1993 metais. Stock- master tikslas – sudaryti vartotojams sàlygas ið savo kompiuteriø sekti investicijas, akcijø ir obligacijø kursus, birþø veiklà. Tai viena þinomiausiø ir didþiausiø DB, kurioje teikiamos konsultacijos apie sandorius su akcijomis ir obligacijomis skirtingose birþose. Taip pat èia galima rasti ámoniø finansines ataskaitas, valiutø kursus, informacijà apie paskolas ir fondus, finansø geltonuosius puslapius. StockMaster DB teikia finansinæ informacijà atskiriems investuotojams bei korporacijoms apie vertybiniø popieriø kursø kitimo tendencijas, teikia finansines konsultacijas atskiriems investuotojams bei korporacijoms. Tai pirmoji DB, kurioje pradëtos teikti akcijø kurso nustatymo, kotiravimo paslaugos, iliustruojamos grafikais. StockMaster DB galima rasti informacijà apie daugiau kaip 7000 firmø ir 180 verslo bendroviø, esanèiø visame pasaulyje, akcijø pelningumà, bendrovës akcijø pasiraðymo paþymëjimus (ADR, sertifikatus), ákeitimo lakðtø (mortgage) ir kitø finan- ciniø operacijø kodus.

Banking Online Banking, Online Payment, Credit Cards, Apply For Credit Card, Checking Account, Personal Checks, Reorder Checks Insurance Car Insurance, Life Insurance, Travel Insurance, Term Life Insurance, Home Insurance, Health Insurance, Free Insurance Quotes Personal Finance Free Credit Report, Credit Score, Credit Repair, Debt Consolidation, Personal Loans, Bad Credit Loan, Student Loans, Unsecured Loans

Apie akcijas Stockmaster pateikia informacijà, sugrupuotà pagal investicinio sëkmingumo kriterijus:

106 • Top Stocks: didþiausià paklausà turinèiø akcijø sàraðas; • Most Active: aktyviausiø bendroviø sàraðas; • Big Gainers: didþiausiø „laimëtojø“ sàraðas; • Big Losers: prasèiausius reitingus turinèiø nuostolingø bendroviø sàraðas; • Free Baseline Report: nemokamos ámoniø ataskaitos; • Alphabetical list: akcijø sàraðas pagal abëcëlæ. Taip pat pateikiama informacija apie fondus, akcijø paketus (kaip sukurti akcijø paketà), birþas, paskolas, knygø uþsisakymà, valiutos keitimà. StockMaster DB teikia ir tarpininkavimo paslaugas. Iðtyræ specifinius ben- droviø poreikius, susijusius su akcijø kainomis, pelnu, patekimu á birþas, SM ekspertai siûlo efektyvius sprendimus. Pagrindinë informacija apie akcijas, akcijø paketus, birþas, fondus, obligacijas yra nemokama. Nemokamai pateikiamos tik poros bendroviø metinës ataskaitos (jos kas savaitæ keièiamos). Norint gauti kitø kompanijø metines ataskaitas, reikia mokëti. Be to, ðioje DB nemokama paieðka, padedanti rasti norimos kompanijos finansinæ informacijà arba informacijà apie norimas akcijas, obligacijas, fondus. Finansinëse ataskaitose pateikiami ðie grafikais iliustruoti duomenys: 1. Bendra ámonës ir jos teikiamø produktø ir paslaugø apþvalga; 2. Kaina dienos pabaigoje: koks kainos procentinis pakitimas, dividentø áplaukos, kainø ir uþdarbio santykis; 3. Kainø kitimo grafikai: nuo 1997 metø geguþës mënesio iki 1999 metø einamojo mënesio; 4. Kapitalizacija (pelno pervedimas fondams didinti arba papildomiems vertybiniams popieriams ásigyti); 5. Uþdarbis per paskutiná ketvirtá ir per pastaruosius 12 mënesiø (informacija pateikiama procentais ir pinigine iðraiðka); 6. Gautos pajamos; 7. Dividendai; 8. Beta koeficientai (akcijø kurso stabilumas) ir t. t.

Duomenys atnaujinami du kartus per savaitæ. Norint gauti iðsamià informacijà apie ámones, akcijas, obligacijas ir jø kainas, reikia uþsiregistruoti. Uþsiregistravimo 1 mënesiui kaina – 4,99, ketvirèiui – 12,99 JAV dolerio. Be ðiø paslaugø, StockMaster DB teikia ir tarpininkavimo paslaugas. Iðtyræ specifinius firmø poreikius, susijusius su akcijø kainomis, pelnu, patekimu á birþas, jie siûlo efektyvius sprendimus. Ið ðios DB yra nuorodos á kitas brokerines DB: Datek Online, ScoTTrade, Discover Brockerage, DLJ direct.

107 Online finansinio tarpininkavimo bendroviø finansiniø paslaugø palyginimas

1–5000 akcijø Datek E*Trade Ameri DLJDirect Waterhouse E-Schwab prekyba Online Trade WebBroker on-line

Ribojami 9,99 19,95 13,00 20,00+2c/ 12,00 29,99+ 3c/ uþsakymai JAV dol. JAV dol. JAV dol. mokestis JAV dol. uþ akcijà sumoms, sumoms, didesnëms didesnëms nei 1000 nei 1000 JAV dol. JAV dol. Uþsakymai 9,99 19,95 8,00 20,00+2c/sh 12,00 29,99+ 3c/ rinkoje JAV dol. JAV dol. JAV dol. mokestis uþ akcijà sumoms, sumoms didesnëms 1000 nei 1000 JAV dol. JAV dol. Uþsakymø per … tiesioginis tiesioginis tiesioginis tiesioginis nurodymø 60 sek. vykdymas arba be mokesèio Neatidëliotini taip nëra nëra nëra nëra nëra portfeliø koregavimai Papildomas 9,99 50,00 N/A 100,00 100,00 149,00 atlygis uþ JAV dol. JAV dol. JAV dol. JAV dol. JAV dol. 5000 akcijø Realus laikas nemo- nemo- 20/mën 20/500 5/100 65c/rr Kotiruotës kamai kamai JAV dol. JAV dol. JAV dol. arba neri- ribota kvotos kvotos bojami Ribinës 7,25 9,25 8,5 8,5 7,50 8,25 palûkanos proc. proc. su 10 000 JAV dol. debitu Pranešimai nemo- 20,00 15,00 & 25,00 25,00 25,00 kami JAV dol. 25,00 JAV dol. JAV dol. JAV dol. JAV dol.

Ðaltinis: http://www.datek.com/advantage/brokcomp.html

108 Barron’s duomenø bazëje (www.barrons.com) beveik visa pateikiama informacija yra mokama. Pateikiama iðsami finansinë informacija apie atskiras firmas bei kompanijas, akcijø birþas, valiutà ir t. t. DB galima uþsisakyti nemokamas finansines metines atskirø firmø arba ámoniø finansines ataskaitas, galima uþsisakyti Wall Street þurnalà. Uþsakovui pateikiamas firmø ir bendroviø abëcëlinis sàraðas. Vartotojas gali uþsisakyti netgi keliø firmø iðsamias metines ataskaitas, kurios per 7–10 dienø atsiunèiamos oro paðtu. Kitas ðios duomenø bazës pranaðumas yra tas, kad uþsisakant Wall Street þurnalà, galima pasirinkti jo regioninæ modifikacijà, t. y. kur jis leidþiamas. Èia galima gauti informacijos ne tik apie JAV firmas, bendroves ir akcijø birþas; uþsisakius specialiai Azijai arba Europai skirtà Wall Street leidiná, galima gauti naujausià finansinæ informacijà apie ðiuos regionus. Bloomberg DB (http://www.bloomberg.com) savo teikiamomis paslaugomis panaði á StockMaster duomenø bazæ. Èia taip pat galima rasti informacijos apie akcijø bei obligacijø birþas, pinigus, valiutø kursus ir t. t. Be to, taip pat skelbiama nekilnojamojo turto reguliuojama ákeitimo norma (pagal rinkos kursà), galima naudotis pradine vieða akcijø pasiûla (IPO). Perþiûrint IPO, pateikiami ðie duomenys: kodas, ámonës pavadinimas, pateikimo data, birþa, kaina, gràþos procentai. Bloomberg DB galima uþsisakyti ávairius þurnalus, kuriuose yra pagrindinë finansinë informacija bei daug patarimø, susijusiø su investicijomis, pinigais ir pan. Bloomberg skelbia naujausias pasaulio finansines naujienas, informacijà apie akcijø ir obligacijø kursø kilimà bei kritimà visame pasaulyje; taip pat bendroviø, kuriø akcijos artimiausiu metu gali patekti á JAV birþas, sàraðà. DB teikia ávairiø skai- èiavimø paslaugas. Galima nemokamai naudotis valiutø kursø ir nuomos skaièiuoklëmis. Ðiuo metu Bloomberg DB yra informacijos ið daugiau nei 140 000 bendroviø ið daugiau kaip 90 ðaliø, daugiau nei 8000 fondø, 850 laikraðèiø ir kitø ðaltiniø. Visos Bloomberg finansinës naujienos ir paslaugos teikiamos penkiomis kalbomis ir yra atitinkamai sustruktûrintos (iðsamiau meniu þr. 244 p.): 1. Naujienos (Top Financial News, Top World News, StockMarket Update, Technology, U.S. Economy, Columns); 2. Akcijos (Stocks on the Move, Chart Builder, World Indices, Movers by Exchange, Stocks in the Dow, Industry Movers, IPO Center, Regional Indices); 3. Obligacijos (Key Rates, U.S. Treasuries, International Bonds, Muni Bond Yields); 4. Valiuta (Currency Rates, Cross Currency Rates, Currency Calculator, EMU Update);

109 5. Pinigai (Mutual Funds – informacija ið daugiau nei 8000 fondø, Porfolio, Investing, Retirement); 6. Verslo centras (Small Business, Jobs); 7. Verslo þurnalai, garso ir vaizdo finansinë informacija ir t. t. Galima atlikti nemokamà tam tikros finansinës informacijos arba ati- tinkamø akcijø kursø paieðkà. Vartotojui tiesiogiai aiðkinami tam tikri akcijø ir obligacijø kitimo kursø grafikai, mokoma, kaip juos suprasti. Taip pat teikiami patarimai, kaip pradëti verslà, kaip pasirinkti, kur investuoti, ir kt.

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110 Vertingos konsultacinës medþiagos apie pinigø politikos poveiká finansø rinkoms ir investicinëms operacijoms pateikia daugumos didþiøjø centriniø bankø ir tarptautiniø finansø centrø svetainës, ypaè FRS, ECB, TAB. Pavyz- dþiui, JAV – http://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/updates FRS Sent Luiso tinklalapis pateikia ekonometriniø, bankininkystës, finansø, pinigø politikos, regioninës ekonomikos ir tarptautiniø rinkø tyrimø publikacijø internete. HansaWorld.com svetainëje teikiami integruoti e. verslo ir finansiniai sprendimai 24 kalbomis daugelyje Eu- ropos, Lotynø Amerikos, Afrikos, Azi- jos ðaliø, 65 tûkst. bendroviø vartoja ðios firmos programinæ árangà finansø apskaitai bei investicijoms, projektø vadybai ir susijusioms operacijoms atlikti. Registruotiems vartotojams parengtas apmokymo programos ir demonstracinis paketas programinei árangai, pardavimams, logistikos bei finansinëms operacijoms, sànaudø analizei ávaldyti, dalis jø – glausti keliø dienø kursai. Tarptautinio verslo ir finansø tyrimo bei mokymo centro prie Mièigano universiteto interneto puslapiai (http://globaledge.msu.edu; International Busi- ness Education and Research at Michigan State University, sutr. MSU-CIBER) padeda profesionalams ir studijuojantiems þmonëms pasaulio mastu naudotis globalia informacija ið 5000 DB apie ávairiausias tarptautiniø finansø veiklos ir verslo sritis, vertinimo technologijas, intelektinius analitikos principus (þr. svetainës meniu):

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Toliau pateikiamas sàraðas Yahoo! Finance ir kitø paieðkos serveriø atrinktø tinklalapiø, skirtø brokeriniø bendroviø veiklai, jø vertinimui ir suskirstymui pagal veiklos rezultatus: kotiruotes, investicijas, paskolas, drau- dimà ir kt. • Discount Stock and Commodity Brokers (www.DTFutures.com) – vadovas renkantis on-line, t. y. realaus laiko, sandorius sudaranèius brokerius. • Ameritrade (http://www.datek.com/index1.html) tarptautinës port- feliniø investicijø ir aktyviø sandoriø vertybiniais popieriais bendrovës san- doriø ir jø techniniø priemoniø puslapiai (þr. svetainës meniu):

Ameritrade Apex™ Trading Tools* Smart Solutions Ameritrade Streamer™ — Take the pulse of the market with streaming quotes, intra-day charts, real- time account information and more. Advanced Analyzer™ — Charting and research tools help you spot trends and take advantage of potential opportunities. QuoteScope™ — Gauge changes in liquidity and react quickly as the market changes. Command Center Screen — View key trading tools and account information on one easy-to-use screen. SnapTicket™ — A detachable order entry ticket that lets you place orders from anywhere online. Trade Triggers™ — Can’t watch the market all day? Set orders in advance to be sent automatically. TD AMERITRADE Company Overview Management Fee Investments Headquarters Deduction Service Equity Trading Institutional Regional Sales Execution and Clearing Fixed Income Services Locations Brokerage Accounts Largest Selection of Mutual Customized Personal Retirement Accounts Funds Service Consolidated Account Managed Assets Program Management Approach Statements and Reporting Research Account Transfer Team Technology Regional Service Team Veo

112 • Thomson finansø firmos (http://www.thomson.com/financial/ fi_investbank.jsp) – investicinës bankininkystës ir finansiniø investicijø vadybos svetainë; atskiri puslapiai skirti iðsamiam analizës ir sandoriø priemo- niø, institucinës vadybos pristatymui; svetainës meniu pateikia platø firmos teikiamø konsultaciniø ir sandoriø operacijø sàraðà (http://www.thomson. com/financial/fi_investmgr.jsp; http://www.thomson.com/.../financial_products _az.jsp). • Expert Online Investment Advocates (www.businessjeeves.com/Money Brokers_Brokers.html) – vadovas renkantis realaus laiko sandoriø brokerius, t. y. sudaranèius juos on-line. • http://www.analyzeindices.com/ – internetinis kasdien kelis kartus atnaujinamø duomenø ið 24 finansiniø ir prekiø rinkø portalas, grindþiantis techninæ kotiruoèiø analizæ 12 metø trukmës duomenø eilutëmis (kainos – nuo 1988 m.); • Gomez Internet Broker Scorecard (www.gomez.com) – internetinis finansinës investicinës veiklos vadybos, reitingø, intelektiniø technologijø ir online brokeriø portalas. • The Virtual Investor (www.hudson.ecn.net.au/top.htm) – pagrindiniø 15 on-line brokeriø reitingø DB. • http://www.briefing.com – investicijø ir prekybos birþose vertingais metalais interneto portalas; informacijà atnaujina triskart per parà; • NASD-R Public Disclosure Program (pdpi.nasdr.com/pdpi/dis- claimer_ frame.htm) – investuotojø apsaugos ir kovos su apgaule bei paþei- dimais birþose tinklalapiai. • National Council of Individual Investors Discount Brokerage Guide (www.cannylink.com/referencefinanceinvestment.htm) – investuotojø broke- riniø konsultacijø, sandoriø operacijø ir rizikos ávertinimo puslapiai. • Trading Top Online Brokers (www.onlinebrokersguide.com; www.trade- wallstreet.com) - E*Trade, Datek, Suretrade, Schwab, DLJDirect, Discover, Ameritrade ir kitø birþø sandoriø bei brokeriniø technologijø DB. • J. P. Morgan Worldwide Securities (http://www.jpmorgan.com); JPMorgan Chase and Bank One (http://www.jpmorganchase.com) – pasaulinio brokeriniø ir investicinës bankininkystës paslaugø centro svetainës. Jø internetiniuose puslapiuose galima rasti ir turto vadybos, ir miðraus finansø verslo, ir vertybiniø popieriø sandoriø konsultacijø DB; atlieka 1,1 trlj. JAV doleriø apimties finansiniø operacijø per metus 50 pasaulio ðaliø. Ðiuo metu

113 ásipareigojo per 10 metø investuoti 800 mlrd. JAV doleriø á bûsto, bendruomeniø bei smulkaus ir vidutinio verslo programas. Svetainës meniu pateikiamas toliau:

Asset Management > Private Equity > Careers > Research > Commercial Banking > Treasury & Securities Services > Investment Bank > Treasury Services > Local Market Sites > Worldwide Securities Services > Private Banking Other Services > Image Archive Services > Workplace Financial Services

• Prancûzijos vertybiniø popieriø prekybos tinklalapis (http://www. capitaux.com) – konsultaciniai ir investicijø operacijø puslapiai; • On-line Business – http://www.online-business-service-tips.com/technical-analysis.html – vienas ið birþø konjunktûros techninës analizës prie- moniø tinklalapiø; • American National Trading Corporation finansiniø interneto san- doriø svetainë – http://www.tradeamerican.com – tinklalapiai priskiriami 50 geriausiø brokeriniø ateities sandoriø ir valiutø rinkø bei vadybos ir tech- niniø priemoniø srityje; reikia registruotis. • Dalis ðiø DB, be paplitusiø birþø techninës analizës priemoniø, savo puslapiuose rekomenduoja naudoti papildomas naujas analitines priemones, pavyzdþiui, Ameritrade rekomenduoja ðias priemones (þr. http:/ /www.datek.com/tradingtools.html): • Ameritrade Streamer™ – kotiruoèiø srauto bei dienos metu atliekamø sandoriø ir sàskaitø bûklës diagramos. • Advanced Analyzer™ – potencialiø galimybiø tyrimo priemonës ir grafinis vaizdavimas. • QuoteScope™ – likvidumo pokyèiø kriterijai ir greiti sprendimai vykstant rinkos konjunktûros lûþiams. • Command Center Screen – pagrindiniø sandoriø priemoniø bei sàskaitos bûklës patogus vaizdavimas viename ekrane. • SnapTicket™ – atskiriamas uþsakymø pateikimo dokumentas, lei- dþiantis iðdëstyti sandorá arba nurodymà pirkti realiu laiku bet kurioje birþos vietoje. • Trade Triggers™ – automatizuotas iðankstinis nurodymø dël san- doriø fiksavimas.

114 Tarptautinis finansiniø investicijø ir namø bankininkystës informacijos centras Bank2000 teikia finansiniø kalkuliatoriø, finansiniø operacijø paslaugas (vertybiniø popieriø operacijos, nekilnojamojo turto paskolos, bûsimosios indëliø ir kapitalø vertës nustatymas bei finansinës skaièiuoklës), informacijà ir brokeriø apmokymo galimybes (www.bank2000.com). Prie finansiniø konsultacijø interneto puslapiø priskirtini analitiniai finansø rinkø komentarai ir sandoriø aplinkos bei rekomendacijø di- dþiuosiuose portaluose puslapiai, pateikiami ðiais adresais: • http://cbs.marketwatch.com/news/current/stwatch.htx – gera Stock Watch finansiniø rinkø informacijos ir konsultaciniø paslaugø DB:

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• http://dowjones.wsj.com/p/markets.html; http://www.marketwatch. com – Dow Jones globaliø finansiniø rinkø (indeksai, valiutos) bei investi- ciniø priemoniø (opcionø, portfeliø koregavimo, pradiniø vieðøjø siûlymø – IPO – initial public offerings), savitarpio fondø informacijos ir konsultaciniø paslaugø, kotiruoèiø ir reitingø, vertybiniø popieriø kodø (simboliø), rinkø grafinës analizës svetainës; dalis interneto rodikliø informacijos, taip pat finansinës analizës priemoniø mokama, pavyzdþiui, brokerio metinis tech- ninës analizës paketas, apimantis rizikos tikimybiná ir prognostiná vertinimà – 299 JAV doleriø, mënesiui – 40 JAV doleriø; http://www.dowjones.com/ corp/index.html – Dow Jones iðvestiniø bei kitø birþø indeksø ir techninës analizës tinklalapiai; • http://moneycentral.msn.com/articles/common/summary.asp; http:// moneycentral.msn.com/investor/market/home.asp – Money Central interneto svetainës, skirtos finansiniø investicijø informacinëms ir konsultacinëms DB; yra rinkos indeksø ir kitos statistikos, vertybiniø popieriø kotiruoèiø ir jø dinamikos grafø, kylanèiø bei krintanèiø kursø, valiutø ir kitø verslo aplinkos naujienø tinklalapiø. Pagrindinës meniu pozicijos ir kriterijø subordi- nacija pateikiamos toliau:

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• http://www.thestreet.com/markets; http://www.cnnfn.com/markets – The Street.com ir CNN finansiniø rinkø informacija bei konsultacinës paslaugos investuotojams vertybiniø popieriø birþose; • http://www.money.com/money/markets/moneydaily; http://www. capitalone.com/investments – internetiniø finansø svetainiø informaciniai ir konsultaciniai investiciniø rinkø ir kiti verslo sandoriø puslapiai;

• http://www.fitchibca.com – Fitch IBCA informacinë ir konsultacinë DB, rizikos áverèiai;

119 • http://www.standardandpoors.com/ – garsi Standard & Poor’s, Mc Graw-Hill Companies priklausinio, labai iðvystyta vienos autoritetingiausiø valstybiø, bankø ir firmø kreditingumo ir nemokumo áverèiø (pagal veiklos sritis), vertybiniø popieriø rinkos indeksø (36) ir kredito reitingø, taip pat nekilnojamojo turto, draudimo bei kitø finansiniø paslaugø, rinkos analizës, rizikos ávertinimo ir naujienø informacinë DB; • http://www.siliconinvestor.com/insight/contrarian/ – finansiniø rinkø naujienos ir paslaugos ið Silicon Investor; • Rinkø ir dalyviø tyrimai, jø patikimumas ir reitingai, rizikos analizë, ávairiø fondø veiklos analizë, iðvestiniø indeksø (derivatyvø) informacija, statistinë-istorinë analizë, numatymas taip pat yra ðiuose interneto puslapiuose: • http://www.acbankers.org – nepriklausomos JAV bankininkø asociacijos American Community Bankers svetainë, teikianti ne tik naujienø banko þinias, bet ir padedanti kelti kvalifikacijà (teikia mokymo programas ir publikacijø direktorijà), diegti paþangias bakiniø paslaugø strategijas savo nariams – taupymo bankams ir asociacijoms, kooperaciniams ir komerci- niams bankams, taip pat 10 finansiniø skaièiuokliø tipø; • http://www.moodys.com – Moody’s Investuotojø tarnybos informaci- në ir konsultacinë DB (þr. glaustà jos meniu):

Fundamental Products US Public Finance Research Corporate Finance Research Municipal Financial Ratio Analysis Financial Institutions Research Regional Services Sovereign Research Asia Pacific Weekly Ratings Interactive Equity Products Market Implied Ratings Company Research Data & Ratings Analytics Ratings Interactive Ratings and Data Feeds Market Implied Ratings Default Research Economic Opinions Performance Data Services Credit Trends Market Implied Ratings Historical Yields Archive Structured Products Moody’s Training Services Structured Finance Research Credit Training Seminars Americas CDO Data & Analytic Services Credit Training Seminars Europe and Middle Performance Data Services East Commercial Mortgage Metrics Credit Training Seminars Asia Pacific Moody’s Mortgage Metrics Books US Public Finance Products Credit Skills Diagnostic E-Learning

120 • www.ftse.com. – þinoma Financial Times vertybiniø popieriø, valiutø ir prekiø birþø, taip pat birþø Footsie indeksø interneto svetainë; http:// mwprices.ft.com/custom/ft-com/interactivecharting.asp – vieno ið gausiø analitiniø Financial Times tinklalapiø DB, skirta finansø rinkø situacijai nuðviesti ir sandoriø paslaugoms, leidþia interaktyviu reþimu grafiðkai analizuoti investiciniø bei spekuliaciniø sprendimø aplinkà ir galimus padarinius. Toliau pateikiamas kai kuriø svarbesniø indeksø sàraðas:

Gloobal Equity Indices • FTSE Global Small Cap Index Series • FTSE All-World Index Series • FTSE Global Style Index Series • FTSE Global Equity Index Series • FTSE Gold Mines Index Series • FTSE Global Islamic Index Series • FTSE Multinationals Index Series • FTSE Global Sector Index Series • FTSE Watch List Index Series

Regional & Partner Indices • FTSE Hong Kong MPF Index • FTSE APCIMS Private Investor Index • FTSE Japan Index • FTSE/ASEAN Index Series • FTSE/JSE Africa Index Series • FTSE/ATHEX Index Series • FTSE Kaigai Index • BBC Global 30 Index • FTSE Latibex Index Series • FTSE CySE Index Series • FTSE Med 100 Index • FTSE New EU Index • FTSE NASDAQ Index Series • FTSE eTX Index Series • FTSE NOREX 30 Index • FTSEurofirst Index Series • FTSE techMARK Index Series • FTSE European Index Series • TSEC Taiwan Index Series • FTSE European Sector Index Series • FTSE UK Index Series • FTSE/Hang Seng Index Series • FTSE Xinhua Index Series

Fixed Income Indices Data Classification • FTSE Global Bond Index Series • FTSE Country Classification • FTSE UK Gilts Index Series • Industry Classification Benchmark (ICB) Alternative Investment Indices Data Licenses • FTSE EPRA/NAREIT Global • FTSE Custom Solutions Real Estate Index Series • End of Day Data • FTSE Hedge • Real-Time Data Responsible Investment & • Data Distributors Governance • Global Distribution Service • FTSE/ISS Corporate Gover- • Licenses nance Index Series FTSE Index Standards • FTSE4Good Index Series • Committees & Reviews Non-Market Cap Weighted Indices • Free Float • FTSE GWA Index Series • Liquidity • FTSE RAFI Index Series • Index Changes Student Information

121 Research and Publications FTSE Global Markets • FTSE4Good FTSE Monthly Reports • FXI • Global Equity • Small Cap • UK • FTSE TSEC Taiwan • FTSE Hedge • FTSE Japan

• http://www.refcofx.com/?engine – Refco Group, vienos didþiausiø brokeriniø firmø, veikianèios 14 ðaliø (20 mlrd. JAV doleriø metinë apyvarta), spekuliaciniø operacijø valiutø kursais ir kitais finansiniais sandoriais interneto svetainë septyniomis kalbomis. Ji teikia rizikos ir kitas san- doriø strateginës analizës, fondø vadybos ir kitas brokeriø paslaugas, taip pat apmoko jas atlikti savarankiðkai demonstracinëje aplinkoje (http:// www.refcofx.com/euro-trading-strategy-workshop.html). Obligacijø rinkø ir operacijø birþose svetainës internete: • http://www.bondsonline.com; http://www.investinginbonds.com – investicijø á visø tipø obligacijas tinklalapiai: techninës priemonës, lentelës, skaièiuoklës ir diagramos, obligacijø rinkø apþvalgos; • http://www.bondtrac.com/XT/home – ribojamo priëjimo obligacijø brokeriø finansinës informacijos internetinis tinklas; • http://www.muni-source.com; http://www.munistreet.com – muni- cipaliniø obligacijø rinkø informacijos internetinës svetainës; pirmoji – ribojamo naudojimo DB, skirta brokeriams; Prekiø birþø rinkø sandoriø svetainës internete: • http://www.commodityreports.com – interneto praneðimai ir informaciniai adresai apie rinkø ir sandoriø padëtá: kainas ir kotiruotes, sandorius, dinamikos kreives; • http://www.dailyfutures.com – daugiausia ateities sandoriø prekëmis ir brangiaisiais metalais, energijos iðtekliais, taip pat finansiniais iðvestiniais indeksais ir valiutomis, birþø naujienø interneto svetainë; • http://www.infomine.com – gavybinës pramonës ir iðkasamø iðtekliø rinkø informacija; ieðkoti galima pagal bendroves, ðalis, ðakas, investicijø tipà; pridedamas internetinis 26 000 kalnakasybos ir þaliavø iðtekliø terminø þodynëlis.

122 Iðsamià birþø indeksø, finansiniø operacijø bei rinkos analizës priemoniø ir situacijos vertinimo informacijà pateikia ir ðie tinklalapiai: • http://www.briefing.com; http://www.multexnet.com/index.htm; http:// www.wilshire.com – JAV birþø ir finansiniø sandoriø informacijos (ir anali- zës) bei paslaugø svetainës (sandoriø aplinka ir uþdara rinkø techninë analizë); • http://futures.pcquote.com; http://www.financial-futures.com; http:// www.investmentwizard.com/newshist/index.asp – akcijø, opcionø, ateities san- doriø ir brokeriø investiciniø operacijø informacijos didþiosiose birþose interneto svetainës; nurodomi kotiruotës lyderiai ir atsiliekanèios kotiruotës, gausu techninës analitikos priemoniø; antrasis adresas – geras nuorodø á brokeriø operacijø ir investiciniø strategijø bei valiutø sandoriø interneto puslapius; • http://finance.lycos.com/qc; http://www.schaeffersresearch.com; http:/ /www.quote.com – investicinës informacijos ið didþiøjø birþø, kotiruoèiø ir jø vertinimø bei apmokymo puslapiai; • http://futuresguide.com – finansø rinkø rizikos bei prognoziø, gyvuliø, kakavos ir pinigø birþø operacijø DB puslapiai; • http://www.smartmoney.com/tools – Smart Money internetinë finansø rinkø bei sandoriø analitinë svetainë, prisodrinta indeksø ir kitø rodikliø analizës ir jos techniniø priemoniø, sandoriø aplinkoje naudojamø portfeliø, kotiruoèiø, pelno, mokesèiø ir kitø skaièiuokliø. Svetainë pateikia naujø konjunktûros analizës technologijø, rinkø suvestiniø grafiniø þemëlapiø su iðskirtais sektoriais, kuriuose tiesiog per sekundæ galima matyti visø besikotiruojanèiø firmø kursø pokyèius (þr. jos meniu):

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• http://smartmoney.directorym.com pateikiamas smulkus finansiniø, valiutø, marketingo ir kitø ðios firmos interneto paslaugø verslui ir namø ûkiams meniu. Be to, yra parankiø tinklalapiø, skirtø nuorodoms á kitas interneto DB panaðiais klausimais: þr. http://smartmoney.directorym.com. • VSS investicijø banko sandoriø, tyrimø, statistinës ir kitos informacijos, prognoziø bei profesiniø ir verslo konsultacijø puslapiai adresu http:/ /www.vss. com/investmentbank/invest_home.html; • http://www.iamhedged.com/content/?_class=home – grûdø, gyvuliø ir kitø prekiø prekybos birþoje brokeriniø bei konsultaciniø operacijø DB tinklalapis; • http://www.pm-connect.com – prekybos retaisiais metalais konsulta- cijø, kainø ir dileriø þinyno DB tinklalapis. • Bankininkystës, teisinës, draudimo, mokymo ir uþimtumo interne- tiniø þinynø Vault svetainës puslapiai – http://www.vault.com; teikia komer- cinës bankininkystës ir investicinës vadybos, rizikos kapitalo operacijø, 100 geriausiø teisiniø, 50 bankiniø institucijø ir 50 konsultaciniø firmø, 4000 bendroviø tarnautojø (35 180 apþvalgø) direktorijas, skelbia laisvas specia- listø darbo vietas, kvalifikacijos këlimo perspektyvas ir kt.

124 Goldman Sachs finansø grupës bankiniø investicijø, brokeriniø ir kitø finansiniø operacijø bei turto vadybos centro internetinë DB http:// www.gs.com; taip pat jos kitas, specialus ardesas: http://www.business.com/ directory/financial_ services/investment_banking_and_brokerage/ investment_banks/goldman_ sachs_group_inc (þr. meniu):

GOLDMAN SACH client services Asset Management Currencies Institutional Economic Derivatives Mutual Funds E&P Capital Products Equity Finance Group Investment Banking Goldman Sachs $ Investment Grade Indexes Merchant Banking Goldman Sachs Specialty Lending Group Principal Investment Area Mortgage Rates Calculator (CMM) Real Estate PIA Transition Management Urban Investment Group Warrants Private Wealth Management Securities Services Office Locations Prime Brokerage GS Bank Securities Lending Global Investment Research Agency Securities Lending Trading & Capital Markets Electronic Execution and Clearing Commodities

• Rizikos vadybos Glino Holtono svetainë: http://www. contingency analysis.com; apima pradedant specializuotu internetiniu ðios srities þodynu (http://www.riskglossary.com/) ir baigiant konsultacijø dël rizikos vertës ávertinimø, jai skirtø paskaitø ir publikacijø bei jos nustatymo metodikø tinklalapius; • http://adas-market.com – populiari prekybos akcijomis, rizikos ir investiciniø fondø bei paskolø svetainë; platus DB nuorodø á susijusias finansiniø paslaugø – turto iðdëstymo, investicijø informacijos ir tyrimø, konsultacijø ir internetinës investicijø vadybos – meniu; • IMC iðvestiniø indeksø fondo finansiniø investiciniø operacijø interneto svetainë (http://www.derivativesportal.org) su apþvelgiamo tipo operacijø þodynu (http://www.derivativesportal.org/Misc/Glossary.asp); • Elektroninës finansø prekybos svetainë: https://us.etrade.com/e/t/ home – kotiruoèiø, investiciniø portfeliø, internetinës bankininkystës, savitarpio fondø operacijø tinklalapiai; finansavimo galimybiø apþvalga, konsultacijos ðiais klausimais;

125 • http://www.barchart.com – brokerio funkcijoms pritaikyta finansiniø operacijø ir jø aplinkos – kotiruoèiø, indeksø, analitiniø bei grafiniø prie- moniø DB bei jø grafinio vaizdavimo svetainë; informacija sugrupuota pagal rinkas arba veiklos sektorius, paieðkà galima atlikti pagal vertybiniø popieriø kodus; smulkesnë analitinë informacija ir operacijos atliekamos registruotiems klientams; skelbia birþø investiciniø indeksø dinamikà keliskart per parà (http://www2.barchart.com/indices.asp; þr. meniu):

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• Panaði finansø konjunktûros, einamøjø bei istoriniø kotiruoèiø AMEX, NYSE ir NASDAQ bei sandoriø interaktyvaus grafinio vaizdavimo svetainë – http://bigcharts.marketwatch.com;

126 • http://www.w2d.com/tfc/menu.html; http://www.fyii.net/index.htm – prekiø, metalø; finansiniø, ateities sandoriø birþø kotiruoèiø bei dinamikos indeksø ir jø grafikos svetainës; informacija mokama; • http://www.tdwaterhouse.com/promotion/freetrade; http://www.w2d. com/ tfc/menu.html; http://www.schwabat.com – brokeriniø paslaugø tinklalapiai; prekiø ir finansø rinkø sandoriø, kotiruoèiø, iðvestiniø indeksø informacija; • http://www.factset.com – finansø ir ekonomikos informacijos, apibendrintos ið 200 internetiniø DB, taip pat investicijø, bankiniø operacijø, korporacinës bei turto vadybos ir jø teisiniø aspektø tinklalapiai:

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127 • http://www.fxa.com; http://www.gftforex.com; http://www.fxcm.com (10 kalbø); http://www.refcofx.com (septyniomis kalbomis); http://www. gcitrading.com – sandoriø uþsienio valiutomis operacijos, rinkø analizë ir jos techninës priemonës, rizikos ávertinimas; grafinis situacijos vaizdavimas, konsultacijos apie sàskaitø atidarymà ir sandorius. http://www.gftforex.com tinklalapiai leidþia nemokamai pasikrauti ir apmokymo instrukcijas bei dalá sandoriø programinës aplinkos; • http://www.ibcdata.com – iMoneyNet firmos instituciniø investuotojø ir pinigø fondø analizës bei reitingø, uþjûrio (ofðoro) investiciniø operacijø interneto tinklalapiai; informacija prenumeruojama; • http://money.cnn.com/markets/data/index.html – iðsamià informacijà pateikianèios svetainës finansiniø rinkø, institucijø ir kotiruoèiø informaciniai puslapiai; • http://www.multexnet.com; http://www.tkcs-collins.com/truman/ cashflow/cashflow.shtml; http://www.perfectinfo.com; http://www.tradesignals. com; http://www.stockmarket.co.nz – portfeliniø investicijø ir finansø rinkø, indeksø fondø ir jø nuorodø interneto puslapiai; • http://www.pm-connect.com – retøjø ir brangiøjø metalø rinkø ir birþø operacijø informacija; • http://www.zacks.com – Zacks skelbiama finansiniø rinkø ir sandoriø jose bei konsultacijø iðplëtota svetainë su portfeliniø investicijø (http:// www.zacks. com/portfolios/index.php) ir sandoriø birþose imitavimo galimybëmis (http://simulator.zacks.com/zacks/default.aspx) ir tyrimø DB (http://www.zacks.com/research/index.php). • http://www.taquote.com – finansiniø rinkø techninës analizës investuotojams skirtos informacijos tinklalapis; • http://www.trendvest.com/help/rating.htm – investicinës analizës ir reitingø, portfeliø ir rizikos fondø vadybos interneto tinklalapiai; • http://www.topline-charts.com – finansiniø rinkø esamos ir istorinës informacijos bei techninës ir grafinës analizës centras; parduoda 360 isto- riniø kreiviø (brangieji metalai, vertybiniø popieriø kotiruotës), atspindinèiø dinamikà nuo 1875 m. iki dabar; jø visuma iðspausdinta 30 tomø enciklopedijos variantu (visas komplektas kainuoja 249 JAV doleriø + 334 JAV doleriø uþ pristatymà á Europà, 3 tomai – 39 JAV doleriø); • http://www.wallst.com – Volstryto finansinës analizës ir sandoriø centro puslapiai;

128 • http://www.economic-consulting.com – Economic Consulting Ser- vices, tinklalapiai, skirti tarptautinës prekybos konsultacijoms – rinkos tyrimams, JAV ir kitø ðaliø eksporto bei importo statistikai, verslo bei turto vertinimams (.../practiceareas/valuation/valuation.html), mokesèiams bei muitams, sprendimø vadybai skirtingose prekybos partneriø grupëse; daugelis ECS klientø yra teisinës firmos, jos atstovø yra 50 pasaulio ðaliø sostinëse; ypaè daug dëmesio skiriama tarptautinës prekybos sritims ir problemoms:

ECS Practice Areas · Antidumping, Countervailing Duty, and Other Trade Regulatory Actions · International Transfer Pricing and Other Tax Services · Business Valuation and Damages Estimation · Trade Representation and Trade & Customs Information Services · Foreign and Domestic Market Research and Market Analysis · Decision Management Systems

• http://www.1000ventures.com/business_guide/crosscuttings/new_ economy _transition.html – komercinë naujø vadybos metodø ir inovaciniø technologijø apmokymo programø bazë; kai kurios pasirinktinø apmokymo skaidriø grupës kaip pavyzdys pateikiamos toliau:

129 1. SMART Executive (300 slides) SMART Executive screen saver (200 slides) 2. Personal Success 360 (70 slides) Entrepreneur set: 4 Ten3 Mini-courses 3. SMART Leader (50 slides) 1. Business Success Strategies (40 slides) 4. SMART Manager (50 slides) 2. Venturepreneur (100 slides) 5. SMART Business Architect (150 slides) 3. New Business Models (40 slides) 6. SMART Innovation (125 slides) 4. Venture Financing (40 slides) 7. 6Ws of Corporate Growth (150 slides) 8. Business Success Strategies (40 slides) Innovator set: 6 Ten3 Mini-courses 9. Venturepreneur (100 slides) 1. SMART Innovation (125 slides) 10. New Business Models (40 slides) 2. New Business Models (40 slides) 11. Venture Financing (40 slides) 3. Innovation Strategies (40 slides) 12. Strategic Management (65 slides) View demo 4. The Jazz of Innovation (80 slides) 13. Sustainable Competitive Advantage (40 slides) 5. Managing Radical Innovation (100 slides) 14. Entrepreneurial Leadership (40 slides) 6. Synergizing Business Processes (50 slides) 15. Innovation Strategies (40 slides) 16. The Jazz of Innovation (80 slides) Top Manager set of 4 Ten3 Mini-courses 17. Managing Radical Innovation (100 slides) 1. SMART Executive (300 slides) 18. Synergizing Business Processes (50 slides) 2. New Business Models (40 slides) 19. Cultural Intelligence & Modern Management 3. Sustainable Competitive Advantag (50 slides) (40 slides) 20. 25 Lessons from Jack Welch (40 slides) 4. Synergizing Business Processes (50 slides)

• http://www.europe-economics.com – septyniomis Europos kalbomis Europe Economics konsultacinë ûkio sektoriø DB; konsultuoja valstybines ir tarptautines institucijas, privaèias bendroves, teisës firmas; yra ekspertiniø praneðimø internetinës nuorodos; dauguma informacijos mokama; • http://www.chforum.org/index2.html – The Challenge Forum perspektyvinës politinës ir ekonominës plëtros scenarijø iki 2020 ir 2025 m. interneto tinklalapiai (maþdaug 50); tekstiniai grafiniai scenarijai su stra- tegijø rekomendacijomis; • http://www.macro-dev.com/product.htm – JAV, Europos ir Japonijos komerciniø rinkos strategijø ir ekonominiø prognoziø uþdara mokama svetainë; • http://www.frontier-economics.com/publications.php – internete skelbiami firmø ir ðakø ekonominiø problemø situaciniai tyrimai ir prane- ðimai (konkurencija, rinkodara, strateginë plëtra, tarðos kontrolë ir pan.), skelbiami svetainës tinklalapiuose pdf formatu; • http://www.futuretoolkit.com – prognozës scenarijø, priemoniø, paslaugø ir idëjø nedidelë konsultacinë svetainë; didesnë patirtis JAV ir Aus- tralijos ekonominiø perspektyvø ir plëtros scenarijø, pardavimø apþvalgø srityje;

130 • http://www.the-infoshop.com – The Global Information tinklalapiai, skelbiantys vertingus vertikaliø rinkø tyrimø rezultatus ir naujienas pagal ûkio sektorius (uþsakomø e. praneðimø DB, kaina – maþdaug 2300 JAV doleriø vienam vartotojui); • http://www.fiscalstudy.com/worldmarkets.php – pasaulio finansiniø rinkø (vertybiniø popieriø ir prekiø birþø, valiutø sandoriø) tinklalapiai; DB nedidelë, bet atnaujinama automatiðkai per 1–20 min; yra ávairiø finan- siniø – paskolø, investicijø, hipotekos, pensijø – skaièiuokliø; • http://www.economeister.com/index.jsp – Market News International komerciniø ir investiciniø rinkø naujienø svetainës DB; • http://www.kiplingerforecasts.com – Kiplinger firmos internetinës svetainës, skirtos ekonominëms perspektyvoms ir prognozëms bei naujienoms pateikti, tinklalapiai; pagrindinëje svetainëje dar pateikiama informacija apie pensijø investicijas, asmeninius finansus, korporacinius pardavimus, saugø investavimà, draudimà ir nekilnojamojo turto operacijas. Panaðios, tik gerokai siauresnës investiciniø naujienø prenumeruojamos svetainës: http://www.msiglobal.com; http://www.polyconomics.com; • http://www.wmsmith.com – nepriklausomos vertybiniø popieriø rinkos indeksø analizës Vm Smith bendrovës interneto svetainës adresas; • http://www.ipanet.net – investicijø skatinimo nuorodø interneto DB; tinklalapyje yra daug nuorodø á uþsienio investicijø svetaines pagal regionus, ðalis, 30 veiklos sektoriø ir pan.; pavyzdþiui, vien Vidurio ir Rytø Europai skirta per 4500 nuorodø, ið jø Lietuvai – 188 (investicinë ir verslo aplinka bei galimybës, teisiniai verslo dokumentai, ðalies ekonominë padëtis, priva- tizacija, rinkos, perkamosios galios paritetas ir pan., þr. glaustà meniu):

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131 • http://www.axiometrics.com – finansiniø ir kitø, daugiausia nekilnojamojo turto, sandoriø techninës bei intelektinës analizës priemoniø informacija; • http://www.fsforum.org/home/home.html – Tarptautinio finansinio stabilumo forumo svetainë (artimiausias posëdis – 2005 m. rugsëjá); priþiûri ir keièiasi informacija apie pavojus ir pokyèius finansø rinkose tarp tarptau- tiniø finansø centrø ir centriniø bankø ekspertø; skelbia 12 standartø makroekonominës politikos ir duomenø skaidrumo, instituciniø ir rinkø infrastruktûrø ir finansinio reguliavimo, bankø, vertybiniø popieriø bei draudimo prieþiûros srityse (http://www.fsforum.org/compendium/key_ standards_for_sound_ financial_system.html); • http://www.millennium-traders.com/tools/index.aspx – prenumeruojama investiciniø rinkø informacijos svetainë su finansiniø terminø internetiniu þodynëliu (jo adresas – http://www.investinginbonds.com/story.asp? id=52); • http://www.investinginbonds.com – investicijø á visø rûðiø obligacijas rinkos operacijø bei naujienø svetainë su terminø þodynëliu; • http://britishmint.com/site_map.html – 3500 tarptautiniø investicijø brokeriø internetinis British Petro finansinio centro tinklas, apimantis 150 ðaliø bei teritorijø; skelbia, kad finansavo (kartu su partneriais) maþdaug 100 tûkst. ávairiø tarptautiniø korporacinës vadybos, energetikos, tele- komunikacijø, sveikatingumo ir kitø projektø (þr. meniu):

World-wide Financing Asset Protection Plan Offshore Tax Exempt Companies World-Wide Business Loans Offshore Trust Formation Offshore Tax Exempt Companies Project Financing Mining and Exploration Financing Commercial Real Estate Financing Mezzanine & Earn-Out Loans International Loans Asset Based Financing Programs Offshore Bank Formation Due Diligence Mortgage & Commercial Real Estate Loans World-Wide Agricultural Loans World-Wide Corporate Financing Eurodollar Loans Offshore Trust Formation Programs Project And Equity Financing Prestigious Diamonds International Loans Venture Capital Loans Commercial Loans World-Wide Project Financing World-Wide Project & Business Financing Precious Metals Art Gallery Industrial And Commercial Loans Asset Based Financing Energy and Water Projects Financing Casino Financing Gold Silver Platinum Palladiu Farm, Timber And Forestry Loans Project Funding

132 Offshore Tax Exempt Companies Vineyard, Vintage, Wine And Spirits Loans Timber And Forestry Loans Industrial And Commercial Loans Acceptable Assets For Loan Industrial Loans & Business Financing Offshore Bank Formation Offshore Tax Exempt Companies Commercial Lending Construction Loans & Venture Funding Hotel, Resort And Casino Financing International Business companies (IBC’s) Mining and Exploration Financing Oil & Gas Exploration Financing Oil & Gas Exploration Financin Stocks, Bonds & Security Loans Venture Capital Art Gallery Old Masters Paintings Sculptures Precious Metals World-Wide Equity Financing Rare Coins Offshore Tax Exempt Companies Corporate Finance Asset Based Financing Venture Capital World-Wide World Wide Hotel, Motel And Resort Financing Offshore Trust Formation Commercial Real Estate Financing Offshore Tax Exempt Companies Venture Capital Funds World-Wide Golf Course Loans Program Casino Loans Institutional Financing World-Wide Casino Hotel Financing World Wide Student Loans Selling Your Bank? World-Wide Business Financing Oil & Gas Financing World-Wide Hospital And Health Care Asset Protection Trust Financing Selling Your Bank? Medical Receivables Financing/Factoring Corporate Financing Timber And Forestry Loans World-Wide Hotel And Resort Financing Guaranteed Highest Prices Paid For Old Motion Picture Financing Jewelry And Diamonds Precious Metals World-Wide Motion Picture Financing Vineyard And Vintage Financing World-Wide Casino Financing International financing Project Funding & Venture Capital Diamonds Asset Protection Trust Mining And Exploration Financing World-Wide World-Wide Commercial Lending Mortgage & Commercial Real Estate Loans Asset Based Loan Business Financing International Money Transfer Aircraft Financing Acquisitions & Mergers Franchise Opportunities World-Wide World-Wide Equipment Leasing & Credit Enhancement Financing Mortgage And Construction Loans World-Wide Project Financing World-Wide Hotel Financing World-Wide Business Financing Ultimate Consignment & Thrift Store Asset Based Loan Precious Metals World’s Largest Pawn Shop Export Import And Trade Financing International Finance World-Wide Commercial Lending Selling Your Bank? Asset Based Loans & Equity Financing

133 • http://www.investmenthouse.com – finansiniø investicijø informacijos internete mokama svetainë su investiciniø operacijø aplinka bei þinynu registruotiems vartotojams ir nedideliu terminø þodynëliu; • http://www.investorpackages.com; http://www.bay-street.com – racionalios struktûros universali interneto DB svetainë (skirtingais pavadinimais), teikianti nuorodas á 8000 bendroviø finansines, draudimo, verslo, teisines ir kitas paslaugas; • http://adest.com.au; http://www.armchairmillionaire.com – finansiniø investicijø operacijø ir jø apmokymo interneto svetainës; • http://www.fundsinteractive.com/data.html – Brill‘s Mutual Fund savitarpio fondø kotiruoèiø ir investicinës finansinës informacijos svetainë; taip pat panaði internetiniø nuorodø maþdaug 9000 savitarpio fondø finansiniø investicijø ir mokestiniø lengvatø svetainë teikiama adresu www.infofund.com; • http://www.efmoody.com – didþiausia, administratoriaus E. Moody teigimu, privati internetinë finansø informacijos – 2500 DB (1600 sàsajø) – svetainë, labai smulkiai sustruktûrinta pagal tematikà (grupës – investicijos, draudimas, studijos, anuitetai ir renta, pensijø planai, turto planavimas, lab- dara, mokesèiai ir t. t. – suskirstytos á papildomas siauras, atitinkanèias DB nuorodas); • http://www.moneyline.com/markets/commentary.jsp – iðsami valiutø bei pinigø ir prekiø rinkø, taip pat iðvestiniø finansiniø indeksø brokeriø operacijø interneto svetainë. Iðplëtotas sàsajø su birþomis ir kotiruojamais produktais, taip pat siûlomø finansiniø tarpininkavimo paslaugø meniu; • http://www.mfr.com – M. F. Ramirez nepriklausomos investiciniø JAV ir tarptautiniø rinkø analizës konsultaciniø tinklalapiø adresas; informacija prenumeruojama; • http://www.nelcosolutions.com – JAV mokesèiø bei verslo operacijø (formos, apskaita, atsiskaitymai) svetainë (prie jos dar – finansiniai sveikatos rûpybos dokumentai); http://www.pinkernell.de/us_steuer.htm – JAV ir Vokietijos mokesèiø sistemø teisiniai aktai, dvikalbis mokesèiø þodynëlis; e. prekybos interneto puslapiai; • http://www.financingsources.com – finansiniø paslaugø verslui bei kreditavimo (12 480 adresø, rinkodaros (4300 adresø), eksporto ir importo (1500 adresø), nekilnojamojo turto (1570 adresø), tinklalapiø registro sve- tainë, kurioje pateikti ir puslapiai konsultuotis reklamos (3800 adresø), draudimo (2700 adresø), didmeninës, maþmeninës (2800 adresø) ir

134 e. prekybos (1360), smulkaus verslo (4140 adresø), uþimtumo bei ádarbini- mo, investicijø, sàskaitø bei banko korteliø ir kitø susijusiø klausimø svetainë; • http://Technical.Traders.com; http://Store.Traders.com; http://www. Traders.com; http://Message-Boards.Traders.com – Technical Analysis of Stocks & Commodities naujienø e. biuleteniai ir svetainës. Be analitiniø straipsniø finansiniø investicijø klausimais, internetiniame leidinyje aptariami ateities ir kiti sandoriø likvidumo klausimai, pristatomi nauji investiciniai produktai bei priemonës, nauji interneto puslapiai brokeriams, terminø þodynëlis, patarimai pradedantiesiems investuotojams. • http://www.ataa.com.au – Australijos techninës analizës asociacijos svetainë su ðiø finansinës ir birþø analizës priemoniø tinklalapiais. Paþymëtina, kad metodikos, pagal kurias skaièiuojami akcijø kainø pokyèiø indeksai, daþniausiai paremtos kainø ávertinimu (price weighted), indeksai svertiniai pagal kapitalizacijà (cap-weighted) arba pagal laisvø akcijø skaièiø (free float weighted) bei lygaus vertinimo kriterijø (equal weighted). Indeksø skaièiavimo metodikos pasirinkimas priklauso nuo pirminiø bei antriniø indeksø skaièiavimo tikslø, vertybiniø popieriø reguliavimo ir pinigø politikos aspektø. Per vyriausybiniø vertybiniø popieriø rinkos operacijas, be komerciniø ir investiciniø tikslø, valdoma vidinë valstybë skola. Vertybiniø popieriø (fondø) birþa yra vienas ið visos finansø sistemos ekonominiø stabilizatoriø. Be to, greitas vertybiniø popieriø keitimas á grynuosius pinigus palaiko vertybiniø popieriø likvidumà. Tarptautiniø finansø tinklalapiai nuolat atnaujinami, kad vartotojas gautø kuo naujesnæ informacijà ir ja remdamasis priimtø kuo teisingesnius sprendimus. Skelbiamos naujienos atspindi ir centrinio banko vykdomà poli- tikà, jo naudojamas pinigø politikos priemones, situacijos kaità komercinës bankininkystës bei vertybiniø popieriø srityse vykdant atviros rinkos operacijas skirtingose laiko zonose (þr. toliau).

Community Bankshares Inc /SC/ Financials (.../fin/19991102/scb/tb.html) - 5:15 pm Ucbh Holdings Inc Financials - 5:15 pm Clintrials Research Inc Financials - 5:15 pm AMB Financial Corp Financials - 5:15 pm Omega Healthcare Investors Inc Financials - 5:15 pm Norwood Financial Corp Financials - 5:15 pm Cuisine Solutions Inc Financials - 5:15 pm America Online Inc Financials - 5:15 pm Diamond Offshore Drilling Inc Financials - 5:15 pm Electric Lightwave Inc Financials - 5:15 pm Ambase Corp Financials - 5:15 pm Fortune Natural Resources Corp Financials - 5:15 pm FTD COM Inc Financials - 5:15 pm; Aetna Inc Financials - 4:15 pm; Newfield Exploration Co /DE/ Financials - 3:30 pm BI Inc Financials - 3:30 pm Weingarten Realty Investors /TX/ Financials - 3:15 pm; Barringer Technologies Inc Financials - 3:00 pm Cellegy Pharmaceuticals Inc

135 Financials - 3:00 pm Atlas AIR Inc Financials - 3:00 pm Bethlehem Steel Corp /DE/ Financials - 3:00 pm; Printware Inc Financials - 2:45 pm PLM Equipment Growth Fund IV Financials - 2:45 pm; Nationwide Health Properties Inc Financials - 2:30 pm Maritime Transport & Technology Inc Financials - 2:30 pm; Hawks Industries Inc Financials - 2:00 pm; Coastal Caribbean Oils & Minerals Ltd Financials - 1:45 pm; Biosite Diagnostics Inc Financials - 1:15 pm; MID Penn Bancorp Inc Financials - 12:00 pm; NVR Inc Financials - 11:30 am Strayer Education Inc Financials - 10:30 am; Downey Financial Corp Financials - 10:15 am; Corning Inc /NY Financials - 10:00 am; Home Port Bancorp Inc Financials - 9:45 am Trikon Technologies Inc Financials - 9:00 am; Career Education Corp Financials - 9:00 am Rite AID Corp Financials - 9:00 am; Drugstore COM Inc Financials - 9:00 am; Echostar Communica- tions Corp Financials - 9:00 am; Grey Wolf Inc Financials - 9:00 am; Univision Communications Inc Financials - 9:00 am.

EDGAR, DETI, GMID rinkos informacijos ir konsultacinës sistemos

Elektroninë duomenø rinkimo, analizës ir paieðkos (sutr. EDGAR, the Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval) sistema JAV surenka ir indeksuoja finansinius ir komercinius duomenis apie 21 000 firmø (ið 69 pasaulio ðaliø) padëtá vertybiniø popieriø rinkose, pateikiamus pagal JAV vertybiniø popieriø ir birþø komisijos nustatytus oficialius reikalavimus. EDGAR prieinama tik registruotiems vartotojams. Pildant deklaracijas arba uþklausiant informacijos apie tam tikras bendroves, reikia registruotis, po patikrinimo gaunamas priëjimo kodas (http://www.sec.gov/edgar.shtml). Norminës 75 duomenø grupës surenkamos ið finansiniø balansø, grynøjø srautø ir pajamø ataskaitø, kuriø pagrindu apskaièiuojami svarbiausieji – likvidumo, pelningumo ir kiti finansiniai koeficientai, taip pat atspindimos kotiruotës ir kiti analitiniai rodikliai (https://www.edgarfiling.sec.gov). Ámoniø, prekybos ir investicijø departamento (DETI, Departament of Enterprice, Trade and Investment) DB pateikia informacijà apie ekonominæ politikà ir plëtros strategijas, vadybà, energetikà, turizmà, gavybà, sveikatingumà bei darbo saugumà, ámoniø registrà, mokumo tarnybà, vartotojø interesus, darbo rinkà, ekonominæ statistikà Anglijoje ir Ðiaurës Airijoje (http://www.detini.gov.uk/cgi-bin/). Dalis informacijos, jei jos vertë virðija 600 svarø, yra mokama. DETI sistemoje galima uþsisakyti norimà informacijà, ir ðios sistemos darbuotojai ne vëliau kaip per 20 dienø jà ras ir pateiks uþsakovui.

136 Globalinë rinkø informacinë DB (GMID, Global Market Information Database, prie Harvardo universiteto) sistema yra didesnës integruotos informacinës rinkotyros sistemos Euromonitor International (www.euromonitor.com/gmid) dalis. Joje skelbiama pagrindinë nenutrûkstamai atnaujinamos (online) informacijos dalis apie tarptautines 350 produktø rinkas, 205 ðaliø 1200 ekonominiø rodikliø ir jø prognozes 1977–2015 m., 52 ðaliø 15 tûkst. bendroviø 1998–2009 m., jø kotiruotes, vartotojø elgsenos bei gyven- senos apþvalgas, maþmeninæ prekybà, finansinius rodiklius; 30 ðaliø duomenys pateikiami 15-oje finansiniø ekonominiø blokø (informacija ið 35 tûkst. ðaltiniø; http://lib.harvard.edu/e-resources/details/e/euromoni.html) pateikiama tik registruotiems vartotojams uþ aukðtà kainà (nemokamai galima naudotis MRU bibliotekos arba intraneto tinkle). Duomenø rinkimo bei sisteminio tvarkymo procedûrø sàsajos pateiktos ðioje schemoje:

Ðioje duomenø bazëje taip pat galima gauti iðsamesnës informacijos apie 71 ðalies gyvenimo stiliø. DB sandara leidþia lyginti rodiklius, sudaryti grafiniø tendencijø vaizdavimà, perskaièiuoti palyginamais matais arba viena palyginamaja valiuta; nustatyti palyginamuosius atskirø ðaliø suvestiniø rodikliø tarptautinius reitingus. Vartotojams pateikta aiški DB struktûra, paieðkos tvarka, galimybës iðsaugoti individualios paieškos duomenis (þr. iliustracijà):

137 138 139 Kai kurie ðios svetainës metodiniai DB grupavimo kriterijai, naudojami 600 firmos analitikø apþvelgiamuose regionuose, pateikiami toliau:

· International market and competitor analysis · In-depth competitor intelligence gathering · Strategic and market entry analysis · Industry and competitor benchmarking · Distribution, supply, value chain analysis · Marketing and promotional strategy · Forecasting and scenario planning · Executive surveys (qualitative-and-quantitative) · Consumer surveys and lifestyle analysis · Industry tracking and alerts · Consumer, market, customer segmentation · Retail audits and product pick-up · Product, brand and trend monitoring

Integruota Euromonitoriaus GMID rinkos informacijos sistema padeda spræsti ávairialypius uþdavinius:

1. Strateginio planavimo: · Identify business opportunities in new markets · Spot product sectors with growth potential · Find strategic partners and acquisition targets 2. Naujø produktø ir jø rûðiø vadybos bei pozicionavimo: · Understand how companies are positioning their products · Identify trends that are transferable to your business · Learn from the marketing successes of others 3. Konkurencinës analizës: · Identify the leading companies and brands in a market · Compare packaging and pricing strategies · Benchmark the performance of your company vs your competitors

Prie finansiniø konsultavimo interneto puslapiø priskirtini ir finansø teisës puslapiai, pavyzdþiui, http://www.e-contracts.com; taip pat platesni virtualaus verslo konsultacijø portalai, pavyzdþiui, ABC Virtual puslapiai: http://www.abcv.com/consulting.htm (e. marketingo, e. verslo, ir mokëjimø apsaugos ir pan. klausimai). JAV teisiniø dokumentø paieðkos vadovas pateikiamas Amerikos teisës bibliotekø asociacijos (AALL) interneto adresu

140 http://www.aallnet.org/committee/citation/ucg/index.html. Finansø, pirmiausia JAV, teisës iðsamûs puslapiai pateikiami JAV vertybiniø popieriø ir birþø komisijos svetainëje (http://www.sec.gov/litigation.shtml ir kt.) ir Stenfordo teisës mokyklos vertybiniø popieriø kliringo operacijø svetainëje (http:// securities.stanford.edu). Pastaràsias papildo Cincinaèio universiteto Teisës koledþo korporacinës vadybos svetainë: http://www.law.uc.edu/CCL. Nedi- delë JAV verslo ástatymø bazës svetainë pateikiama adresu http://www. findlaw.com/casecode/index.html. Geros investicijø konsultacinës DB yra InstitutionalInvestor.com, taip pat maþiau þinoma http://www.ncogroup.com/services/finance_ investigative. aspx. Pirmosios tinklalapiuose gausu informacijos apie reikalavimus, keliamus finansiniams sandoriams, portfeliø vadybai; ðiuos puslapius ir specialius Institutional Investor internetinius þurnalus bei juose pateikiamus maþdaug 3000 investiciniø fondø ir kitø bendroviø vertybiniø popieriø áverèius ir reitingø lenteles galima prenumeruoti. Ðie tinklalapiai susieti su Euromoney, informacijos vadybos, apskaitos ir korporacinës bei rizikos ir savitarpio fondø vadybos tinklais. Ði DB pateikia informacijà apie 60 tûkst. finansø ir bankininkystës specialistø 130 pasaulio ðaliø, nuorodas á Europos fondø vadybos direktorijà (www.euromoneydirectory.com). Globalaus turto vadybos DB pateikia informacijà apie 3000 fondø ir 18 tûkst. ðios srities finansø vadybos specialistø atrinktø 300 JAV svarbiausiø fondø (http://www. iiassetmanagers.com). Palûkanø normø informaciniai puslapiai pateikiami visuose finan- siniuose – bankø, birþø, fondø, konsultaciniø bendroviø ir kituose – puslapiuose. Papildomai galima nurodyti dar ðiuos tinklalapius: Banxquote Inc. (http://www.banx..com); ICNN Financial Network (http://money.cnn.com/markets/bondcenter); Bank Rate Monitor (http://www.bankrate.com). Jø meniu – gerokai platesnis, pavyzdþiui, pastarosios DB struktûra pateikiama toliau: BANKRATE INDEX Auto: Compare rates, Auto loan basics, Calculators, Glossary, Graph trends, Interest Rate Roundup, Car-buying guide, Credit unions, Story archive, More… CDs & Investments: Compare rates, High-yield CDs, High-yield IRA CDs, Investment basics, Calculators, Glossary, Graph trends, Interest Rate Roundup, CD Rate Trend Index, Fed Alert, Story archive, More... Checking & Savings: Compare rates, High-yield MMAs, High-yield IRA MMAs, Checking basics, Calculators, Glossary, Graph trends, Passbook/statement savings, Credit unions, Research your bank, Story archive, More... College Finance: Compare rates, College financing basics, Calculators, Story archive, More...

141 Credit Cards: Compare rates, Credit card basics, Calculators, Glossary, Graph trends, Credit unions, Story archive, More… Debt Management: Compare home equity rates, Debt consolidation basics, Calculators, Home equity basics, Story archive, More... Home Equity: Compare rates, Home equity basics, Calculators, Glossary, Graph trends, Interest Rate Roundup, Debt management basics, Sample rate table, Story archive, More… Insurance: Compare rates, Calculators, Glossary, Graph trends, Credit unions, Story archive, More… Mortgage: Compare rates, Mortgage basics, Calculators, Glossary, Graph trends, Interest Rate Roundup, Mortgage Rate Trend Index, Rate Watch, Mortgage Matters: daily blog, Credit unions, Sample rate table, Story archive, More... Personal Finance: Personal loans, Interest Rate Roundup, Columns, Fed Alert, National rate averages, State rate averages, Rate Watch, Rate Trend Index, Calculators, Glossary, Graph insurance trends, Fame & Fortune celebrity interviews, Story archive, More... Taxes: Tax basics, Calculators, Glossary, Tax form guide, State tax roundup, Story archive, More...

Daugelis interneto finansiniø tinklalapiø pateikia ir analizuojant pato- gias naudoti skaièiuokles, pavyzdþiui, http://www.interest.com/hugh/calc. Modernûs akcijø kainø pokyèius atspindintys iðvestiniai indeksai kuriami tokiu principu, kad ámoniø svoriai indekso skaièiavimo bazëje yra proporcingi ne bendroviø bendro akcijø kiekio ir kainos sandaugai, o tik laisvø akcijø kiekio ir kainos sandaugai. Ðiuo metu pagrindiniai pasaulio indeksai vis dar skaièiuojami tradiciniais bûdais, t. y. svertiniai pagal kapi- talizacijà (pvz., S&P-500), arba ið viso skaièiuojamas tik akcijø kainø vidurkis, kuriame didesná svorá turi daugiau kainuojanèios akcijos (pvz., DJIA, Dow Jones Industrial Average). Kitos konsultacinës investicijø DB internete: • http://www.globalinvestor.com – geros struktûros investicijø, banki- ninkystës, birþø sandoriø, rizikos vertinimo metodikø ir vertybiniø popie- riø kotiruoèiø svetainë su profesiniu aiðkinamuoju þodynëliu, rekomen- duojamu þymiø ekspertø sàraðu, profesionaliø konferencijø bei publikacijø tinklalapiais. • http://www.fairisaac.com/fairisaac/solutions/product+index – rizikos vadybos internetinës DB adresu teikiamø paslaugø bei sàsajø abëcëlinë rodyklë; apima skirtingø kredito, draudimo ir skolø vadybos bei rizikos metodø, bankroto bei apgaulës rizikos ir konsultacijø, nuosavybës prognoziø ir kitas analitikos priemones. Tai ir konsultacijø ámoniø bei kitø sprendimø vadybos ir strategijø klausimais, investicinës informacijos tinklalapiø bazë.

142 Aiðkinamøjø terminø DB priskirtinos ir prie konsultaciniø sistemø interneto tinkle (daugiau apie specializuotas terminologines DB ir enciklo- pedinius interneto þodynus þr. III dalies 2 skyriuje): • http://www.ameritrade.com/education/html/ – glausta informacija apie akcijas (visø tipø akcijø rinkas ir jø konjunktûrà, kotiruotes, áverèius), vertybiniø popieriø analizæ (investicinë rizika, pelningumo ir kiti finansiniai koeficientai, buhalteriniai ir pajamø balansai, techninë analizë), skolos vertybinius popierius (visø tipø obligacijos, indëliø paþymëjimai, iþdo vekseliai, pinigø rinkos), savitarpio fondus (indeksø ir pinigø rinkø fondai), investicines strategijas (diversifikacija, dividendø reinvestavimas, valiutø rizika, kt.), pensijø planavimà;

http://www.eagletraders.com/site_map. htm – finansiniø investicijø bei konsultacijø firmos informacinës paieðkos meniu reikðmingesni blokai:

Forex trading: Background to Forex Trading: I want to trade myself: Advantages What do I have to know and do to trade in Origins Forex? Who participate in Forex Trading? Courses and Training Main Forex Markets Books Market Dynamics Forex Trading Managed Account: Speculation/Investing Managed Account Margin Trading Investment opportunities: Trading with a Strategy Leads & requests Risks inherent to Forex Want to invest Forex abbreviations Negotiable Financial Instruments: Type of Instruments Zero Coupons and STRIPS Commercial Paper Fixed Income - Zero Coupon Instruments Bonds Advantages of Convertible Securities Corporate Debt Securities Treasury Bills Commercial Paper Outstandings Federal Treasury Bills: How Marketable Treasury Securities Reserve Really Work Bankers Acceptances Treasury Bills, Notes &Bonds Guarantees Treasury Bills: U.S. Treasury Securities Bank Guarantees for officially supported Certificates of Deposit: Large Negotiable Certificates exports of Deposit Zero-Coupon Instruments

143 Certificates of Deposit: Advantages of Debt Private Placements - an extract from a certificates of deposit (CDs) major bank Certificates of Deposit Offerings Cashing negotiable instruments Certificates of Deposit: Utilizing foreign fixed The Money Market deposits (CD’s) for credit lines Behind the Money Market: Clearing and Eurodollar Settling Money Market Instruments About Corporate Medium-Term Notes Security Identifiers (Screens) Repurchase and Reverse Repurchase CUSIP Security Identifier (Screen) Agreements Discounting of bank guarantees (BG’s) Alternative investments: Managed futures and Retail Deposit Notes hedge funds Risk Free Capital Accumulation 1996 Survey of Corporate Medium-Term Notes

Venture capital: Financial Statistics: About Venture Capital Investor Base Metals Prices Our Venture Capital Investors Commercial Paper Venture Funding Procedure Eurodollar Deposits (London) Guide To Writing A Business Plan Forex Spot Rates Is VC good for Your Business? Interest Rate Swaps Venture Vs. Debt Financing Major Indices Learn About Capital Sources Major US Interest Rates Frequently Asked Questions Major World Interest Rates Venture Anti Frauds Major 3-month LIBOR Rates Preliminary submission form for Venture Capital US Certificates of Deposit US Treasury Bills Project Financing: Forms: Loans on a world wide level Personal Particulars Form Project finance Letter of Intent to Request Funding Arbitrage loans 4081 Insurance Guarantee Preparing your business plan Bank Guarantee The executive summary Letter of Intent to Guarantee Finance procedure Non-circumvention/Non-disclosure/Fee International construction loans agreement Interesting project financing links Declaration of Non-Solicitation Suggested Banks in the USA Confidentiality, Non-circumvention and Business Plan Basics heads of agreement Gathering Information For Your Plan Submitting the proper documentation and Business Plan Maintenance paper work Business Plan Mistakes Preparing proper documentation and utilizing paper work correctly Design Your Plan to Fit Your Business Do I need a business plan? The Essential Contents of a Marketing Plan Public Relations Marketing Business Plan Software

144 Marginal trading: Introduction to Marginal Account Debit Balance and Margin Interest Rates Margin: Borrowing money to pay for stocks Margin Account Approval What is a Margin Account? Margin Requirements About Margin calls Margin account - diversified portfolio Buying Power and Excess Margin The intelligent way to trade shares The advantages and disadvantages of a Margin Account

• Minëtos svetainës Eagletraders.com tinklalapiuose rasime online vadovëlá, kurio struktûra yra tokia: Understanding Financial Markets & Instruments Preface Chapter 1: Introduction to Financial Markets Chapter 2: The Equity Market Chapter 3: The Money Market and Instruments Chapter 4: The Capital Market and Instruments Chapter 5: The Foreign Exchange Market Chapter 6: Derivatives - Futures Chapter 7: Derivatives - Options Chapter 8: Specialised Interest Rate Derivatives Chapter 9: Valuation and Accounting of Financial Instruments and Derivatives Chapter 10: Derivatives - Hedging Techniques Glossary

• http://www.eagletraders.com/books/int_fin_encyclopedia.htm – Tarptautinës finansø enciklopedijos (Encyclopedia of Banking & Finance, 9h Edition) sudarytojas Ch. J. Woelfelis: interneto svetainë; yra terminø ið finansø, tarptautinës ekonomikos bei vyriausybiniø institucijø veiklos, valiutø ir santrumpø aiðkinimø; geros hiperteksto skirtingø straipsniø sàsajos ir su papildomu terminø aiðkinamuoju þodynëliu, finansiniø investicijø ir valiutiniø sandoriø, sandoriø techninës analizës, Fin Web, finansø statistikos ir kitais tinklalapiais; Eagle Traders savo interneto DB taip pat teikia bankininkystës paslaugas, finansiniø sandoriø instrumentus ir rinkos svar- biausiø rodikliø statistikà bei jø dinamikos kreives ir diagramas, investicijø ir uþsienio valiutø sandoriø aplinkà; • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finance – universalios interneto enciklopedijos verslo ir finansø terminø bazë;

145 • http://vcexperts.com/vce/library/encyclopedia – Encyclopedia of Private Equity and Venture Capital, sudarë Joseph W. Bartlett; susideda ið 19 interneto prenumeruojamø knygø po 10–12 gerai pergalvotos struktûros paskaitø apie akcinio kapitalo ir investicinës rizikos vadybà, intelektinæ nuosavybæ, fondø kûrimà; DB taip pat yra aiðkinamasis finansø terminø þodynëlis (mokestis – 3 mën. – 195 JAV doleriai, metams – 495 JAV doleriai). • http://encyclo. findlaw.com/tablebib. html – labai gera E. El- garo ir kt. (Gento universitetas) enciklopedinë finansø ir verslo teisës interneto svetainë; pri- vaèios ir intelektinës nuosavybës, sandoriø, mokesèiø, administracinës teisës temø medþiaga pateikiama nemokamai pdf formatu; • http://www.economist.com/encyclopedia/Dictionary.cfm – verslo terminø aiðkinamoji enciklopedija, suskirstyta pagal svarbesnes ekonomikos sritis, iðskiriant finansus, vadybà, e. komercijà, statistikà ir kt.; • http://www.cofe.ru/finance/ – labai geras internetinis bankø ir finansø terminø rusø- anglø ir atvirkðtinis trumpas aiðkinamasis þodynas (4500 straipsniø), pagrástas Charleso J. Woelfelio Bankininkystës ir finansø enciklopedija; pridedama pasaulio valiutø ir komerciniø santrumpø aiðkinamoji DB. Visas enciklopedijos vertimas rusø k. (1600 p.) platinamas kaip knyga. ERI apskaitininkø nuotolinio mokymo centro svetainëje galima rasti verslo vadybos paskaitø ir institucijø, þmogiðkøjø iðtekliø, programinës aplinkos, verslo þodynà (þr. http://www.eridlc.com/?FuseAction=article. resources.

Business Forecasting Using Excel-Based ForecastX Software

Internetiniame verslo prognoziø kurse adresu http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072312661 pateikiamas neblogas prognoziø Excel pagrindu mokomasis paskaitø (18) ciklas. Verslo statistikos paskaitø ciklas internete pateikiamas interneto svetainëje http://home.ubalt.edu/ntsbarsh/Business-stat/ otherapplets/Javastat.htm.

146 Vertybiniø popieriø rizikos vertinimo patirtis Lietuvos VVD apibendrinama e. publikacijoje http://www.csdl.lt/lt/data/apie_cd/sistema/ rizikos_vertinimas.doc ir kt. Korporacinës vadybos, verslo, finansø, inter- netinës bankininkystës ir finansinës analizës mokomoji DB yra Australijos ir Naujosios Zelandijos bankø grupës svetainë internete adresu http:// www.anz.com/australia/business. Jos meniu pateikiamos ir specialios finan- siniø koeficientø, grynøjø pinigø srautø, kapitalo ávertinimo, laukiamø áplaukø skaièiuoklës: .../calculator/businessbenchmark/home.asp. Populiarius eiliniams pinigø rinkø klientams skirtus puslapius turi beveik visos didesnës bet kurios srities bendrovës, ypaè didþiosios finansø firmos, kurios skelbia tam specialiai skirtas konsultacines svetaines, pavyzdþiui, Mor- gan Stanley ir jos brokeriø tinklalapio investicinës bankininkystës adresai: • http://www.discoverbrokerage.com; https://www.morganstanleyclient serv.com; http://www.morganstanleyindividual.com – tarptautinës investicinës ir finansø informacijos tinklai, kuriuose yra finansiniø investicijø planavimo ir rinkø tyrimø (prieinama tik registruotiems naudotojams per ClientServ®), tarptautiniø vertybiniø popieriø birþø, ávairiø pasauliniø konsultavimo grupiø ir firmø naudojami kodai bei operacijø santrumpos; • http://www.moneypage.com – èia galima rasti visà bûtiniausià infor- macijà apie sàskaitø atidarymà, paskolas, kredità ir banko korteles, investicijas ir turto rentà (þr. meniu struktûrà):

Insurance Car Insurance, Motorbike Insurance, Home Insurance, Life Insurance, Health Insurance, Travel Insurance Mortgages 100% Mortgage, Adverse Credit Mortgage, Buy To Let Mortgage, Cash Back Mortgage, Fixed Rate Mortgage, Right To Buy Mortgage, Self Certification Mortgage Credit Cards 0% APR Credit Card, Bad Credit Credit Card, Balance Transfer Credit Card, Interest Free Credit Card, Low Interest Credit Card, Student Credit Cards Investments ISA, Pensions, Annuities, Unit Trusts, Bonds, Tax Utilities Broadband, Electricity, Gas, Mobile, Telephone Loans Bad Credit Loan, Debt Consolidation Loan, Home Improvement Loan, Secured Loan, Unsecured Loan Business Services Credit Cards, Loans, Mortgages, Insurance Bank Accounts Business Bank Account, Euro Bank Account, Internet Bank Account, Islamic Bank Account, Student Bank Account

147 Prie konsultaciniø finansø ir investiciniø interneto DB priskirtinos ir finansø ekonomikos tyrimø svetainës. Ið jø iðskirtina informacija, pateikiama Socialiniø mokslø tyrimø tinkle adresu http://www.ssrn.com/update/general.

The Financial Economics Network (FEN) is directed by Michael C. Jensen, Managing Director, Organizational Strategy Practice, Monitor Company; Professor of Organizational Strategy, Monitor Uni- versity; Jesse Isidor Straus Professor of Business Administration Emeritus, Harvard Business School, and Chairman of Social Science Electronic Publishing, Inc. FEN is part of the Social Science Research Network (SSRN), which also sponsors the Accounting Research Network (ARN), the Economics Research Network (ERN), the Information Systems Network (ISN), the Legal Scholarship Network (LSN), the Management Research Network (MRN), and the So- cial Insurance Research Network (SIRN).

Akademiniø finansø ekonomikos kursø struktûras savo interneto sve- tainëse pateikia daugelis þinomiausiø pasaulio ekonomikos aukðtøjø mokyk- lø. Jas svarbu atidþiai stebëti laiku tobulinant ir, pavyzdþiui, Lietuvos universitetuose akredituoti analogiðkø studijø programø kursø plëtotæ ir jø sàveikà. Kaip pavyzdá pateiksime Konektikuto universiteto finansø tyrimø apþvalginës nuorodø DB adresà, joje apþvelgiamø publikacijø ir programinës árangos sudedamøjø struktûrà ir apimtis:

Christian Zimmermann. Economics Departments, Institutes and Research Centers in the World: Financial Economics, Risk and Insurance. http://edirc.repec.org/finecon.html of which Journals Items online JEL with with with & series coded abstracts references citations Working 1492 171486 117088 68872 114985 50651 39380 papers Articles 447 187207 141805 7729 64634 10173 52155 Chapters 34 1429 1429 785 423 18 29 Books 52 716 575 109 111 3 7 Software 20 1343 1329 14 1241 16 58 components Total 2045 362181 262226 77509 181394 60861 91629

148 In addition, IDEAS has information about: 9359 economics institutions, 9040 authors who have registered with the RePEc Author Service (who have authored 158859 items listed in RePEc) and 10360 NEP reports in 74 fields. Top Items by Citations (all works, updated daily).

Kitas pavyzdys – Stokholmo ekonomikos mokyklos finansø magistrø specialybës programø tinklas, kurios struktûra gali bûti ádomi ir mums:

311 Finansiell ekonomi 4100 Finance 4101 Investments 4102 Derivatives 4103 Corporate Finance 4104 Empirical Methods in Finance 4105 Debt Instruments and Markets 4106 Advanced Investments 4107 Information and Prices in Financial Markets 4108 Advanced Derivatives 4109 International Cor- porate Finance 4110 Topics in Corporate Finance 4111 Real Estate Finance 4113 Risk Management 4114 Central Banking 4116 Venture Capital 4117 International Financial Markets 4118 Macroeconom- ics & Financial Forecasting 4119 Banking and Financial Institutions 4120 Economics of Corporate Gov- ernance 4210 Thesis within Finance 7783 Finansiell ekonomi 2 9501 Major in Finance - Old curriculum 9508 Corporate Valuation 9513 Corporate Finance 9514 International Finance 9516 Risk Management 9517 Debt Instruments and Markets 9518 Topics in Corporate Finance 9521 Real Estate Finance 9522 Modern Central Banking 9774 Macroeconomic and Financial Forecasting

(https://studentweb.hhs.se/CourseWeb/CourseWebPublic/ CWPublic.ASP?WCI=CourseList&WCE=ShowCourses&ListType=ByUnit&Value=8)

149 4. TARPTAUTINËS DRAUDIMO BENDROVËS, JØ INFORMACINËS BAZËS IR PASLAUGOS

Insurance Industry Internet Network (http://www.iiin.com) – laisvai prieinama ir nemokama svetainë, joje iðskirtos maþdaug 900 tarptautiniø draudimo bendroviø ir maþdaug 70 perdraudimo bendroviø bei informacija apie 700 jø agentø ir brokeriø. Bendrovës surûðiuotos pagal veiklos pobûdá (teikianèios gyvybës draudimà, perdraudimà, sveikatos draudimà, specializuotos arba pagal pavadinimà). Yra nuorodø á dokumentus, susijusius su draudimo teise, bei jø direktorijas (þr., pvz., http://www. insurancelawlist.com). Nurodomi draudimo bankai, jø DB veikia on-line reþimu, galima rasti ir uþsisakyti publikacijø ið draudimo teisës ir kitø srièiø. http://www.insurance-search-engine.com – pasaulinës draudimo ir perdraudos bendroviø duomenø bazës adresas, apimanti maþdaug 20 tûkst. draudimo bendroviø adresø Europoje, Azijoje, Amerikoje, Australijoje. DB randa bendroves pagal pavadinimà abcëliniame sàraðe, draudimo rûðá ir vietà, randa konkurentus, parodo, kà siûlo kitos bendrovës ir kaip tai jos atlieka. Informacija klasifikuojama pagal ðalá, pagal verslo draudimo sritis (draudimo agentai/ brokeriai, pretenzijø/nuostoliø atlyginimas, alternatyvus rizikos draudimas, draudimo asociacijos, valstybinis draudimas, draudimo programinë áranga, draudimo ástatymai, draudimo konsultantai, draudimo naujienos ir publikacijos ir t. t.). Atlikus paieðkà pagal vienà ið duotø uþklau- sø, gaunami duomenys ið nurodyto regiono. Tai gali bûti visas pasaulis, Europa arba atskiros valstybës. Pateikus uþklausà apie pasaulio draudimo bendroves, gaunami duomenys, surikiuoti abëcëlës tvarka. Galima atlikti paieðkà pagal bendroviø teikiamas paslaugas (pvz., automobiliø draudimas, turto draudimas ir t. t.). Galima pateikti uþklausà apie konkreèià draudimo bendrovæ ir gauti jos internetiná adresà. DB neteikia nei finansiniø rodikliø, nei patarimø vartotojams, kuri bendrovë geresnë arba naudingesnë. Duo- menys atnaujinami kas savaitæ.

Galimi paieškos kriterijai: Insurance by Category - Banks and Finance - Builders Insurance - Accident Claims - Bicycle Insurance - Building Societies - Aircraft Insurance - Boat Insurance - Business Insurance - Antiques Insurance - Breakdown Insurance - Captive Insurance - Art Insurance - Broker Software - Car Breakdown Insurance - Backpackers Insurance - Brokerages for Sale - Car Insurance

150 - Car Insurance Brokers - Insurance Companies - Professional Indemnity - Car Insurance Guide - Insurance Conferences Insurance - Caravan Insurance - Insurance Consultants - Re-insurance - Care Insurance - Insurance Directories - Risk Management - Cat Insurance - Insurance Exhibitions - Selling Your Brokerage - Catering Insurance - Insurance Fraud - Space Insurance - Church Insurance - Insurance Illuminati - Sport Insurance - Claim Investigation - Insurance Industry Bodies - Sports Car Insurance - Claims Management - Insurance Industry Compliance - Students Insurance - Classic Car Insurance - Insurance Jobs - Taxi Insurance - Commercial Insurance - Insurance Law - Travel Insurance - Computer Insurance - Insurance Malls - Truck & Lorry - Construction Insurance - Insurance Market Information Insurance - Credit Insurance - Insurance Marketing Advice - UFO Abduction Insurance - Critical Illness Insurance - Insurance News Magazines - Website Insurance - Cycle Insurance - Insurance Portals - Wedding Insurance - Dental Insurance - Insurance Services - Yacht Insurance - Disaster Recovery - Insurance Software United States - USA - Diver Insurance - Insurance Study - Insurance by category - Dog Insurance - Keyman Insurance - Accident Insurance - Engineering Insurance - Kidnap Insurance - Auto Insurance - Event Insurance - Landlord Insurance - Aviation Insurance - Exotic Animal Insurance - Legal Expenses Insurance - Business Insurance - Expert Witnesses - Legal Protection Insurance - Captive Insurance - Farm Insurance - Life Assurance - Cargo Insurance - Financial Services - Life Insurance - Church Insurance Authority - Lloyds - Claim Management - Geographic Information - Loss Adjusters Systems - Claims Systems - Marine Insurance - Golf Insurance - Commercial Insurance - Media Insurance - Health Insurance - Construction Insurance - Mortgage Insurance - Holiday Home Insurance - Credit Insurance - Motor Bike Insurance - Holiday Insurance - Dentists Insurance - Motor Claims - Home Insurance - Directors Insurance - Motor Fleet Insurance - Home Security Products - Earthquake Insurance - Motor Sport Insurance - Home Workers Insurance - Engineering Insurance - Motor Trader Insurance - Horse Insurance - Environmental - Musician Insurance - IFAs Insurance - Nightclub Insurance - Income Insurance - Excess Insurance - Office Insurance - Insurance Actuaries - Farm Insurance - Personal Accident Insurance - Insurance Agents - Financial Actuaries - Pet Insurance - Insurance Broker Services - Financial Directories - Pharmacy Insurance - Insurance Brokers - General Insurance - Photographer Insurance - Insurance Claims - Government Insurance

151 - Health and Medical Insurance - Insurance Malls - Motorcycle Insurance - Homeowners Insurance - Insurance Marketing - Motorsport Insurance - Horse Insurance - Insurance Portals - Mutual Insurance - Hospitality Insurance - Insurance Premium - Pet Insurance - Insurance Actuaries Financing - Pollution Insurance - Insurance Agents and Brokers - Insurance Publications - Premium Financing - Insurance Associations - Insurance Services - Product Liability - Insurance Certificates - Insurance Strategy - Professional Insurance - Insurance Companies - Insurance Study - Property Inspection - Insurance Compliance - Insurance Subrogation - Reinsurance - Insurance Conferences - Insurance Systems - Replacement Services - Insurance Consultants - Insurance Underwriters - Risk Management - Insurance Consumer Info - Legal Insurance - School Insurance - Insurance Directory - Liability Insurance - Truck Insurance - Insurance Fraud - Life Insurance - Weather Reports - Insurance Inspection - Long Term Care - Website Insurance - Insurance Jobs Insurances - Wholesale Insurance - Insurance Law - Loss Adjusters - Workers Compensation - Insurance Lawyers - Marine Insurance - Works Insurance - Media Insurance - Insurance by States

Draudimo naujienø tinklas (http://www.insure.com) apima maþdaug 200 JAV ir Kanados draudimo bendroviø. Tai – QuoteSmith korporacijos svetainë. Duomenys internete pateikiami nuo 1995 m. Joje pateikiamas bendroviø sàraðas pagal atskiras draudimo rûðis, statistikos duomenys apie draudimà, patarimai draudþiantis, draudikø reitingai ir kt. Duomenys klasifikuojami taip:

• Renta (annuities); • Automobiliø draudimas; • Verslo draudimas; • Sveikatos draudimas; • Nekilnojamojo turto (èia – gyvenamøjø namø) draudimas; • Gyvybës draudimas; • Asmeninio (kilnojamojo) turto draudimas; • Duomenys apie konkreèià valstijà; • Naujausia informacija; • Bendroviø reitingai; • Pagalba.

152 Atskirai pateikiamas didþiausiø bendroviø, teikianèiø konkreèià draudimo paslaugà, sàraðas, dokumentai apie didþiausias automobiliø, sveikatos ir kitø rûðiø draudimo bendroves, apie tai, kur turëtø kreiptis vartotojas, nepatenkintas draudimo bendrove, draudimo ástatymais ir kt. Pirma duomenø grupë skirta anuitetams su nuoroda á Vards (Variable Annuity Research and Data Service). Èia skelbiama informacija draudimo profesionalams, galima rasti ketvirèio ir metinius pardavimø ir aktyvø duomenis bei komentarus apie kintamas rentos metines prognozes. Be to, svetainëje yra nuorodø á ðaltinius, rodanèius, kaip akcijø rinka daro átakà rentai, apie kintamas rentas ir naujus jø terminus, kaip pirkti rentà ið savo banko, Standard & Poor’s indeksus ir indeksuotø akcijø anuitetà. Duomenys apie automobiliø draudimà suskirstyti labai smulkiai. Tai dokumentai apie didþiausias bendroves, apie automobilio draudimo pagrindus, kokie greièio apribojimai kiekvienoje valstijoje, paaugliø vairavimo ástatymai valstijose, minimalûs draudëjø atsakomybës reikalavimai, avarijø statistika, ávairûs maðinø apgadinimai, avarijos pagal transporto priemoniø rûðá, reikalavimai vairuotojams, automobiliø vagysèiø statistika, premijos patikimiems vairuotojams pagal valstijas, draudimo nuolaidos, geriausios bendrovës pasirinkimo tvarka ir kt. Pateikiami dokumentai apie verslo draudimo pagrindus, draudimà vykdant verslà uþsienyje, smulkaus verslo draudimà, draudimà nuo blogo oro, kelioniø draudimà, pavojingiausias verslo rûðis, draudimà nuo seksualinio priekabiavimo, dokumentai, kaip pasirinkti geriausià draudimo ámonæ, verslo draudimo bendroviø Standard & Poor’s indeksus 70 ðaliø, kaip sutaupyti draudþiantis ir kt. Puslapyje apie sveikatos draudimà yra nuorodø á draudimo pagrindus pagal valstijas, ámokø vidurkis, sveikatos draudimo premijos, kà draudikas þino apie draudëjà, studentø draudimas, sveikatos draudimas darbovietëje, rizikingi draudimai, vaikø draudimo programa, draudimo bendroviø Stan- dard & Poor’s indeksai ir t. t. DB puslapiuose apie nekilnojamojo turto draudimà, gyvybës draudimà ir asmeninio turto (kilnojamojo) draudimà pateikiamos smulkios nuorodos á dokumentus, susijusius su tam tikra draudimo rûðimi, taip pat á bendroviø reitingus. G. Barry Kleino (http://www.ultimateinsurancelinks.com) svetainë yra tarptautinë didþiausiø draudimo ir perdraudimo bendroviø DB, kurioje galima pasirinkti agentus, brokerius, paslaugas, ðiø bendroviø reitingus. Svetainë apima áraðus apie ávairias draudimo sritis: draudimo bendrovës, draudimo asociacijos, draudimo bendroviø finansiniø rodikliø adresai ir t. t.

153 Duomenys klasifikuojami á ðeðias klases: • Iðsamus duomenø sàraðas (abëcëlës tvarka); • Nuosavybës ir nelaimingø atsitikimø draudimo ir perdraudimo bendrovës; • Gyvybës ir sveikatos draudimo bendrovës; • Turto draudimo bendrovës; • Kitos organizacijos; • Draudimo leidiniø leidyklos. Interactive Marketing Corporation: Insurance-on-line (http://www. insure.net) apima tik JAV ir Kanados draudimo bendroves, ji ákurta 1994 m. Duomenys apie valstijos draudimo bendroves nëra klasifikuojami pagal teikiamas paslaugas, pavyzdþiui, sveikatos draudimas, turto draudimas. Pateikiami draudimo bendroviø interneto ir (arba) paprasti (vietovës) adresai, taip pat telefonas ir paðto indeksas, informacija apie agentus, paslaugas. Pateikiamos bendrovës teikia automobiliø, turto, verslo ir sveikatos draudimo paslaugas. Taip pat teikiamos draudimo paslaugos internetu. Yra patarimø, kaip parankiausia apdrausti arba sutaupyti draudþiantis, pateikiamos svarbiausios þinios apie draudimà tinkle ir pagalbà. DB dirba on-line reþimu. Pateikiame dar du regioniniø draudimo paslaugø interneto svetainiø adresus: • www.lifeassuranceonline.co.uk – gyvybës draudimo interneto sve- tainë su informacija apie hipotekos ir pajamø draudimà Didþiosios Britanijos gyventojams, su terminø þodynëliu; • http://www.insurancewatch.com.au – jungtinë draudimo nuo ligos ir pajamø draudimo svetainë, informuojanti apie 15 Australijos draudëjø teikiamas 80 tipø paslaugas internete. Svarbesni Lietuvos draudimo bendroviø bei tarpininkø internetiniai adresai , draudimo rinkø apþvalgos, glausti pagrindiniø terminø paaiðkinimai pateikiami LR draudimo prieþiûros komisijos puslapyje http://www.dpk.lt/ (išskiriamos gyvybës ir ne gyvybës draudimo ámonës). Svarbiausia informacija apie didesnes Lietuvos draudimo ámones yra puslapyje www.draudimas.lt (su naujienomis, þodynu, paslaugø palyginimu ir t. t.):

154 Bendrovë Lietuvos draudimas (www.ldr.lt) taip pat siûlo didelæ ávairovæ gyvybës draudimo paslaugø: • miðrusis gyvybës draudimas; • kaupiamasis gyvybës draudimas; • sutuoktuvinis draudimas; • gyvybës rizikos draudimas. Ne gyvybës draudimo paslaugos: • muitinës procedûros vykdytojo atsakomybës draudimas; • grupinis keleiviø draudimas nuo nelaimingø atsitikimø; • orlaiviø draudimas; • bendrosios civilinës atsakomybës draudimas; • laivø draudimas; • veþëjø atsakomybës draudimas; • ekspeditoriø atsakomybës draudimas; • suaugusiøjø draudimas nuo nelaimingø atsitikimø; • vaikø draudimas nuo nelaimingø atsitikimø; • gyvuliø draudimas; • laikinojo nedarbingumo draudimas; • pastatø draudimas; • medicininiø iðlaidø kelionëje á uþsiená draudimas; • namø turto draudimas; • gamybos (verslo) nutrûkimo dël gaisro draudimas; • notaro civilinës atsakomybës draudimas; • moksleiviø draudimas nuo nelaimingø atsitikimø; • transporto priemoniø draudimas; • transporto priemoniø valdytojø civilinës atsakomybës draudimas; • paskolø gavëjø draudimas; • kroviniø draudimas; • ûkininko turto draudimas; • medicininiø iðlaidø kelionëje á uþsiená draudimas (vykstantiesiems á Latvijà, Estijà, NVS ðalis); • uþsienieèiø gydymo Lietuvoje iðlaidø draudimas; • ámoniø ir organizacijø turto draudimas; • draudimas nuo nelaimingø atsitikimø kelionëje á uþsiená; • darbdavio civilinës atsakomybës dël jo darbuotojo þuvimo darbe draudimas;

155 • statybos visø rizikø draudimas; • laivø valdytojø civilinës atsakomybës draudimas; • elektroninës technikos ir þemos átampos árenginiø visø rizikø draudimas; • montavimo visø rizikø draudimas; • kreditø draudimas; • prekiniø kreditø draudimas; • vartotojiðkø kreditø draudimas; • komerciniø garantijø draudimas.

Ergo draudimo grupës Europoje Lietuvos padalinys (buv. Lietuvos ir Vokietijos draudimo ámonë Drauda, www.ergo.lt) ásteigtas 1991 metais partnerio ið Vokietijos, draudimo kompanijos Alte Leipziger, remiasi per 175 metus sukaupta patirtimi. Didelës perdraudimo bendrovës garantuoja Draudos ásipareigojimø vykdymà asmens, turto ir gyvybës draudimo srityse. Interneto svetainëje yra informacija apie siûlomas ávairias draudimo paslaugas: 1. Pastatø draudimas. 2. Turto draudimas. 3. Namø turto draudimas. 4. Ámoniø turto draudimas nuo ugnies. 5. Draudimas nuo gamybos pertraukimo dël ugnies. 6. Kroviniø draudimas. 7. Ámonës veþamø kroviniø draudimas. 8. Technikos draudimas. 9. Ámoniø veiklos civilinës atsakomybës draudimas, notarø veiklos civilinës atsakomybës draudimas. 10. Draudimas nuo nelaimingø atsitikimø. 11. Á uþsiená vykstanèiø asmenø draudimas nuo ligø ir nelaimingø atsitikimø. 12. Transporto priemoniø savininkø (valdytojø) civilinës atsakomybës draudimas. 13. Transporto priemoniø kasko draudimas. 14. Draudimas nuo nelaimingø atsitikimø autoávykio metu.

156 15. Transporto priemonës savininkø civilinës atsakomybës draudimas vykstant á uþsiená. 16. Gyvybës draudimas kaupiamuoju arba gyvybës rizikos draudimu.

Dar išskirtini šie adresai: · Baltijos garantas (www.baltik-garant.lt); · Indëliø draudimo fondas (www.idf.lt/). UAB draudimo brokeris „Finsaltas” (www.brokeris.lt) nuo 1997 m. pagal Lietuvos Respublikos draudimo ástatymà Lietuvoje konsultuoja draudimo klausimais ir atstovauja asmenims. Svetainëje apibûdinama, kaip ávairiose draudimo kompanijose skiriasi ámokø dydis, taisyklës, draudimo apsaugos ribos, garantijos, perdraudimas ir kiti rodikliai. Klientas turi sugaiðti gana daug laiko ir jëgø, kad galëtø apsispræsti, kokioje draudimo kompanijoje jam parankiausia ásigyti draudimo produktà. Draudimo brokerio ámonës darbuotojai, profesionaliai vertindami draudimo produktus, visada gali klientui patarti, kaip jam pasielgti vienu arba kitu atveju. Tinklalapyje parodoma, kaip jie atstovauja kliento interesams ne tik sudarant draudimo sutartá, bet ir jà vykdant, keièiant, taip pat ávykus draudþiamajam ávykiui.

157 5. APSKAITOS IR AUDITO INFORMACINËS BAZËS IR PASLAUGOS

Tarptautiniø apskaitos standartø internetinë DB prenumeruojama, bet jos centrinë finansiniø ataskaitø santrauka (Intl. Financing Reporting, http:/ /www.iasplus.com/standard/standard.htm) ir pagrindinës dalys skelbiamos (kiekvienai jø skirti atskiri tinklalapiai). Jos lietuviðkà variantà 2002 m. adaptavo Audito, apskaitos ir turto vertinimo institutas, bet jis internete neskelbiamas. Tarptautiniø apskaitos standartø portalà priþiûrëjo Deloitte audito bendrovë. Toliau pateikiama gana specifinë finansiniø ataskaitø standartø klasifikacinë ir interneto tinklalapiø architektonika. Tarptautiniø finansiniø ataskaitø standartø tikslai, pateikimo prielaidos, reikalavimai, tikslingumas, palyginamumas, elementai ir jø iðmatavimas, atsakomybë uþ teisingumà yra puslapyje http://www.iasplus.com/standard/ framewk.htm. IFRS 1 – finansiniø ataskaitø standartø adaptavimo adresas http://www.iasplus.../ifrs01.htm; IFRS 2 – akcijomis grindþiamø mokëjimø standartai http://www.iasplus.../ifrs02.htm; IFRS 3 – verslo kombinavimø standartai http://www.iasplus.../ifrs03.htm; IFRS 4 – draudimo sandoriø standartai http://www.iasplus.../ifrs04.htm; IFRS 5 – aktyvø pardavimams bei nutrûkstamø operacijø standartai http://www.iasplus.../ifrs05.htm; IFRS 6 – mineraliniø medþiagø tyrimø bei vertinimø standartai http://www.iasplus.../ifrs06.htm. IAS 1 – finansiniø ataskaitø pateikimo tvarka http://www.iasplus.com/standard/ias01.htm; IAS 2 – atsargø apskaitos standartai http://www.iasplus.com/standard/ias02.htm; IAS 3 – jungtinës finansinës ataskaitos standartai (jø atsisakoma) http://www.iasplus.com/standard/ias02.htm; IAS 4 – amortizacijos apskaitos standartai – jø atsisakyta 1999 m. (þr. IAS 16, 22, 38);

158 IAS 5 – informacija, atskleidþiama finansinëse ataskaitose, reikalavimai perkelti á IAS 1; IAS 6 – kintanèiø kainø apskaita – http://www.iasplus.com/standard/ias15.htm; IAS 7 – grynøjø srautø apskaitos standartai – http://www.iasplus.com/standard/ias07.htm; IAS 8 – pakitimai apskaitos vertinimuose ir paklaidos – http://www.iasplus.com/standard/ias08.htm; IAS 9 – tyrimø ir plëtros apskaitos standartai http://www.iasplus.com/standard/ias38.htm; IAS 10 – ávykiø po finansiniø ataskaitø pateikimo apskaita http://www.iasplus.com/standard/ias10.htm; IAS 11 – statybø sandoriø standartai http://www.iasplus.com/standard/ias11.htm; IAS 12 – pajamø mokesèiø apskaita http://www.iasplus.com/standard/ias12.htm; IAS 13 – esamo turto ir ásipareigojimø apskaitos standartai – reikalavimai perkelti á IAS 1; IAS 14 – ámoniø padaliniø apskaitos standartai http://www.iasplus.com/standard/ias14.htm; IAS 15 – besikeièianèiø kainø sukeltø pokyèiø apskaita – panaikinta 2003 m. gruodþio mën., ið dalies þr. http://www.iasplus.com/standard/ias15.htm; IAS 16 – nuosavybës, ámoniø ir árangos apskaita http://www.iasplus.com/standard/ias16.htm; IAS 17 – nuomos apskaitos standartai http://www.iasplus.com/standard/ias17.htm; IAS 18 – pajamø apskaitos standartai http://www.iasplus.com/standard/ias18.htm; IAS 19 – iðmokø samdomiems darbuotojams apskaita http://www.iasplus.com/standard/ias19.htm; IAS 20 – valstybës paramos ir iðmokø (grantø) apskaitos standartai http://www.iasplus.com/.../ias20.htm; IAS 21 – valiutø kursø pasikeitimo poveikiø apskaitos standartai http://www.iasplus.com/.../ias21.htm;

159 IAS 22 – verslo kombinavimø apskaitos standartai http://www.iasplus.com/.../ias22.htm; IAS 23 – skolinimøsi sànaudø apskaitos standartai http://www.iasplus.com/.../ias23.htm; IAS 24 – verslo kombinavimø apskaitos standartai http://www.iasplus.com/.../ias24.htm; IAS 25 – investicijø apskaitos standartai – perkelta á IAS 39-40 standartus; IAS 26 – pensijø iðmokø planø apskaitos standartai http://www.iasplus.com/.../ias26.htm; IAS 27 – konsoliduotø ir iðskirtø finansiniø ataskaitø standartai http://www.iasplus.com/.../ias27.htm; IAS 28 – investicijø susijusiuose padaliniuose apskaitos standartai http://www.iasplus.com/.../ias28.htm; IAS 29 – finansø ataskaitø hiperinfliacinëmis sàlygomis standartai http://www.iasplus.com/.../ias29.htm; IAS 30 – bankø ir kitø kredito ástaigø finansiniø ataskaitø standartai http://www.iasplus.com/.../ias30.htm; IAS 31 – interesø bendrose ámonëse apskaitos standartai http://www.iasplus.com/.../ias31.htm; IAS 32 – finansiniø priemoniø pristatymo standartai http://www.iasplus.com/.../ias32.htm; IAS 33 – áplaukø ið akcijø apskaitos standartai http://www.iasplus.com/.../ias33.htm; IAS 34 – tarpiniø finansiniø ataskaitø standartai http://www.iasplus.com/.../ias34.htm; IAS 35 – nutrûkstamø operacijø apskaitos standartai – perkelta á IFRS 5 standartà; IAS 36 – turto gedimo (ir sunaikinimo) apskaitos standartai http://www.iasplus.com/.../ias36.htm; IAS 37 – aprûpinimo, nenumatytø ásipareigojimø ir nenumatyto turto apskaitos standartai http://www.iasplus.com/... /ias37.htm; IAS 38 – nematerialaus turto apskaitos standartai http://www.iasplus.com/.../ias38.htm;

160 IAS 39 – finansiniø priemoniø pripaþinimo ir matavimo standartai http://www.iasplus.com/.../ias39.htm; IAS 40 – investicijø nuosavybës apskaitos standartai http://www.iasplus.com/.../ias40.htm; IAS 41 – veiklos þemës ûkyje apskaitos standartai http://www.iasplus.com/.../ias41.htm.

Iki 2002 m. TAS tobulinimà ir platinimà koordinavo Anglijoje ásikûræs Tarptautiniø apskaitos standartø komitetas (International Accounting Standarts Committee, IASC), taèiau ðiuo metu jo tinklalapiai uþdaryti. Didájá tarptautiniø apskaitos firmø ketvertà (po Arthur Andersen likvidavimo 2002 m.) sudaro toliau iðvardytos bendrovës, kuriø DB pateikiama iðsami informacija apie apskaitos ir audito reikalavimus, teikiamas paslaugas, klientus ir apmokymà: • PricewaterhouseCoopers (nuo 1997 m. susijungus firmoms Price Waterhouse ir Coopers & Lybrand; www.pwc.com) atlieka audito (áskaitant didþiøjø birþø), draudimo, mokesèiø ir personalo vadybos paslaugas ir su tuo susijusias teisines ir kitas konsultacijas. • Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu (www.deloitte.com) grupë tarptautiniø apskaitos bendroviø, taip pat audito, buhalteriniø ir mokesèiø konsultacijø bendroviø su centru Niujorke Manhetene. • Ernst & Young (www.ey.com, 1906 m. susijungus Ernst & Whinney ir Arthur Young firmoms) buvo priversta atriboti audito ir konsultavimo funkcijas. • KPMG Int., þinomiausias Fortune 1000 bendroviø auditorius (www. kpmg.com, nuo 1997 m. buvo rengiamas susiliejimas su Ernst & Young; turi padaliniø 148 pasaulio ðalyse, dirba per 100 tûkst. apskaitos specialistø) – audito, mokesèiø ir konsultacinë DB. Vienai 5 didþiausiø pasaulio audito bei apskaitos firmø – Ernst & Young and Arthur Andersen (www.andersen.com) – 2002 m. JAV teisingumo departamentas panaikino Vieðosios sàskaitybos ir audito licencijà, o 2005 m. JAV Aukðèiausiasis Teismas patvirtino kaltinimus, kad ji Enron bankroto ir kitais atvejais falsifikavo duomenis apie audituojamø firmø finansinæ padëtá.

161 Amerikos diplomuotø vieðøjø apskaitininkø institutas (American Insti- tute of Sertified Public Accountants, http://www.aicpa.org) – daugiau kaip 330 tûkst. diplomuotø buhalteriø ir auditoriø, jungiamø 45 tûkst. nacionalinës profesinës asociacijos JAV padaliniø. DB meniu struktûroje iðskiriamos ðios rubrikos: • apie AICPA; • apskaitos mokymo centras; • apskaitos standartai; • apskaita ir auditas; • speciali konsultavimo linija; • akreditacijos ir su jomis susijæ puslapiai; • AICPA biblioteka; • iðtekliø kovojant su sukèiavimu centras; • audito atestavimo standartai; • audito komitetas; • efektyvumo centras; • patikimi audito standartai neemitentams; • verslo vertinimas ir teisminiai ginèai; • profesinës karjeros iðtekliai vieðøjø bendroviø audito firmoms; • sisteminë audito reklama; • Veiklos kodeksas; • savanoriø komitetas; • Kongreso ir federaliniai audito aspektai/reikalai; • kandidatai á diplomuotus vieðuosius apskaitininkus; • vieðosios apskaitos (CPA) egzaminø reikalavimai; • CPA plëtros projektas; • drausminës nuobaudos; • darbuotojø paskatø programa; • audito kokybës centras; • vyriausybinis audito kokybës centras; • informaciniø technologijø audito problemos; • apskaitos þurnalas; • audito ir apskaitos centrø praktika; • asmeniniø finansø planavimas; • profesinës etikos klausimai; • apmokestinimas; • patarimai apmokestinimo klausimais.

162 Sage ACCPAC International, Inc. (http://www.accounting.org) yra audito ir apskaitos programinës árangos bendrovës portalas. Jo meniu struktûroje susiejami apskaitos ir intelektiniø bei finansiniø technologijø plëtros aspektai: iðskiriamos rubrikos elektroninës prekybos, mokëjimo árenginiø (point of sale), elektroniniø duomenø perdavimo (EDI), elektroniniø integruotø pardavimo bei klientø aptarnavimo sistemø, vadybos, marketingo ir kitais klausimais (þr. glaustà meniu):

Deploying Sage Accpac Products on the Web · Accounting and Operations · Human Resource Management · Business Intelligence and Reporting · Point-of-Sale · CRM & Contact Management · Warehouse Management · E-commerce · Options Products · Electronic Data Interchange · Other Solutions · Fixed Asset Management · Development Partner Products

Paslaugoms teikti pasitelkiamos ávairiø formatø programos: FoxPro, dBASE, Clipper, Paradox, Btrieve, SQL Base, Oracle, etc.), ASCII (Fixed, Delimited, Flat Basic and Cobol, etc.) firma konsultuoja, parduoda programas, su kuriomis duomenis galima konvertuoti ið vieno á kità formatus. DB tvarko bendrovë SBT Accounting Systems. Dar keletas tarptautiniø audito ir apskaitos duomenø baziø internete: • International Accounting Standarts Committee (http://www.iasc.org) – apima 142 nacionalines apskaitininkø organizacijas ið 103 valstybiø ir atstovauja 2 mln. apskaitininkø visame pasaulyje; • International Federation of Accountants (www.ifac.org) – tarpusavyje glaudþiai susijusios apskaitos tarptautiniø standartø formavimo, diegimo, plëtotës DB. Federacijà sudaro 142 nariai ið 103 valstybiø, atstovauja 2 mln. apskaitininkø. • SmartPros Accounting (www.accountingnet.com; http://accounting. smartpros.com) – profesionaliø apskaitos ir audito, jø þmogiðkøjø iðtekliø, profesinës karjeros ir apmokymo, finansø planavimo, audito etikos, draudimo ir mokesèiø, susijusiø teisës iðtekliø DB. Firma taip pat atlieka investicines operacijas AMEX birþoje (þr. glaustà meniu):

163 • Activity Based Risk Evaluation Model of Auditing (www.abrema.net/ abrema) – tinklalapiai, skirti finansiniø ataskaitø auditui pagal tarptautinius apskaitos standartus. • Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board (www.fasab.gov, www.fasb.org) – tinklalapiai, skirti apskaitos standartams pagal JAV federa- linës vyriausybës principus ir jø propagavimui, diegimui finansø srityje. • Internal Auditing World Wide Web (www.bitwise.net/iawww) – profesinë informacija vidaus audito tematika ávairiose asociacijose, srityse, ðalyse. • International Accounting Standards Board (www.iasb.org.uk) – Tarptautiniø apskaitos standartø valdybos, jos patvirtintø standartø ir kvalifikacijos këlimo tinklalapiai. Jø meniu pateikiamas toliau:

IASB.org Site Map About Us Meetings IFRIC Projects and Activities Structure Meetings Diary IASCF Projects and Activities IASC Foundation Trustees Meetings Project Archive and Comment IASB Decision Summaries Letters SAC Meeting Information Standards IFRIC Announcements IFRS Summaries Staff IASB Meetings Standards Constitution Observer Notes Interpretations Review Decision Summaries / IASB Current IFRSs Being Replaced History Update IFRS History General Information SAC Meetings Search Standards Contact Us Observer Notes Resources FAQ IFRIC Meetings IASCF Shop Terms and Conditions Observer Notes Education News Decision Summaries / IFRIC Translations Press Releases Update Conferences IASC Foundation Other Meetings XBRL IASB Current Issues (including Comprehensive Subscription Speeches Project Archive) Service Trustees Exposure Drafts Committees IASB Members IFRIC Drafts Articles Invitations to Comment IASB Home Other News IASB Projects and Activities IASCF Shop

164 • SEC EDGAR Database (www.sec.gov/edgar.shtml) – JAV vertybiniø popieriø ir birþø komisijos elektroniniø duomenø rinkimo bei jø audito puslapiai. • JUMBO nemokamø apskaitos programø platinimo interneto svetainë. (http://www.jumbo.com) – nuorodos á 300 tûkst. ávairiø apskaitos, asmeniniø finansø, verslo planavimo, portfeliniø investicijø, buhalteriniø balansø ir kitø finansø bei statistikos programø. • JAV smulkaus verslo administracijos (angl. sutr. SBA) apskaitos ir finansø, duomenø vadybos ir kitos verslo aplinkos informaciniø tinklalapiø internetinë skaitykla (http://www.sba.gov/library/sharewareroom.html). • WinSite infocentro svetainës apskaitos, bankininkystës, smulkaus verslo, kreditø, investavimo bei finansinio planavimo adresø nuorodø tinklalapiai (http://www.winsite.com/business/accounting).

Financial Planners Inventory Investment Legal Loan/Mortgage Accounting Misc. Business Address Books/Business Cards Point of Sale Banking Pay Roll/Timesheets Barcodes Small Business Credit Cards Spreadsheets Fax Taxes

• JAV teismo bankrotø reformos informacija (http://www.id. uscourts. gov) – teisiniai reformos ir restruktûrizavimo dokumentø bei tyrimo institu- cijø interneto adresø nuorodø puslapiai (…/BK_Reform/BKReform Act2005.htm). • Rutgers Accounting Web (accounting.rutgers.edu) – leidybinës bazës audito ir apskaitos klausimais informacinë DB. • www.accountants- world.com) – apskaitos ir audi- to (ir jø programinës árangos, bandomøjø balansø), smulkaus ir vidutinio verslo (organizavimo, apmokestinimo bei apmokymo, finansiniø sprendimø), finansinio planavimo (priemoniø, investicijø

165 iðdëstymo, draudimo, savitarpio fondø, pensijø programø), mokesèiø ir þmogiðkøjø iðtekliø (apmokymo, atlyginimø apskaièiavimo, apmokestinimo) ir kitø konsultacijø informacinë DB; • Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB, www.fasb.org) – finansinës apskaitos standartø diegimo ir tobulinimo bei finansiniø investi- cijø informaciniø tinklalapiø DB (þr. glaustà meniu):

Recent Additions Wash. DC Activities Action Alert Articles, Reports, & Presentations Project Activities Publications Documents Out for Public Comment Pronouncements & EITF Abstracts Exposure Documents FAQs Comment Letters Facts about FASB Technical Inquiry FASAC EITF User Advisory Council FASB Staff Positions Small Business Advisory Committee Effective Dates Careers DIG (Derivatives) Financial Accounting Foundation International Directions & Area Hotels

• Jax Works smulkaus verslo apskaitos specialiø Excel apie 150 programø internetinis paketas http://www.jaxworks.com/library.htm; • The Association of Accounting Technicians (AAT, www.aat.co.uk) – 100 tûkst. specialistø apskaitos srityje asociacijos tinklalapis, skiriantis daugiau dëmesio apmokymo ir perkvalifikavimo, metodikø tobulinimo klausimams; • Amerikos diplomuotø vieðøjø apskaitininkø instituto (American Institute for Certified Public Accountants) svetainë (http: //www.cpa-exam.org/ tutorial/index.html) – internetinë pasirengimo vienodiems kvalifikaciniams reikalavimams DB. • Microsoft Business Solutions: svetainë su plaèiu verslo apskaitos, vadybos ir kitø paslaugø bei konsultacijø meniu; siûlo gerai þinomas (pvz., Navision, Solomon) ir naujas (Axapta) finansø vadybos programas. Pami- nësime keletà naujesniø modifikacijø, pristatomø interneto svetainëje http:/ /www.microsoft.com/BusinessSolutions/buyers_guide.mspx; http://www. microsoft.com/businessSolutions/Solomon/default.mspx: • Axapta programiniai produktai – verslo aplinkai analizuoti, smulkiam ir vidutiniam verslui plëtoti, tiekimo tinklams bei ryðiams su klientais

166 tobulinti, e. prekybai organizuoti, finansiniø ir þmogiðkøjø iðtekliø vadybai, sàskaitybai ir apskaitai (su Navision programos komponentais). • Great Plains programa taip pat skirta finansinei analizei ir verslo projektø, finansiniø ir þmogiðkøjø iðtekliø vadybai, sàskaitybai ir apskaitai: http://www.microsoft.com/BusinessSolutions/GreatPlains/Default.mspx (su demonstravimo versija). Programos mokamos. • Deltek Systems finansinës apskaitos programos – þr. http://www. deltek.com – yra ðios firmos ámoniø sàskaitybos programos Costpoint sudedamoji; Deltek CGS premier yra darbo ir sànaudø apskaitos programa, pritaikyta vyriausybinius uþsakymus vykdanèioms bendrovëms; apima automatiná sàskaitø ir ataskaitø sudarymà pagal nustatytas formas; programos mokamos. • Oracle e. prekybos aplinkos programos – e-Business Suite (http:// www.oracle.com) – leidþia veiksmingai vykdyti verslo operacijas – elektroniniu bûdu atlikti uþsakymus, atsiskaitymus, susiraðinëti su klientais – vienarûðës technologijos sàlygomis; programos mokamos. • Datavision tinklalapiai – informacija apie integruotà ðios bendrovës platinamà verslo apskaitos, didmeninio paskirstymo programà Down-to- Earth smulkiam ir vidutiniam verslui pateikiama interneto adresu http:// www. datvsn.com. • TEC Vendor – interneto apskaitos ir kitø verslo srièiø nuorodø svetainë adresu http://www.vendor-showcase.com/browse/174/Accounting_ Software.html siûlo 174 apskaitos programø verslui ir investicijoms adresus. Programas reikia pirkti. Ta pati firma siûlo parsisiøsdinti informacines nuorodas apie paskaitos programø naujienas ir pagrindinius apskaitos programø pardavëjus, naujausias publikacijas (maþdaug 1000) apskaitos klausimais, atskirø programø taikymo atvejus ir pan. (http://www.vendor- showcase.com/search/for/Financial_Services.html). • Global Software finansiniø sprendimø programos versija Financial Suite 5.30, kuria tvarkoma didþioji buhalterinë knyga, firmos sàskaitø sistema, kasos knyga ir kiti buhalteriniai dokumentai, siûloma interneto adresu http://www.glbsoft.com. • Net keletà savo finansinës apskaitos programø internete reklamuoja firma Exact Software þr. http://www.exactsoftware. com. tai – Macola ES taip pat veiklos, dokumentø, þmogiðkøjø iðtekliø, klientø ir projektø vadybos programos; Macola Progression: e. verslo buhalteriniø programø paketas, taikomas smulkaus ir vidutinio verslo ámonëse 126 ðalyse 26 kalbomis;

167 • SoftBrands Inc programos, skirtos ámoniø vadybos ir apskaitos, iðtekliø ir prekybos tinklø planavimo, B2B programoms daugelyje veiklos srièiø, pristatomos svetainëje http://www.evolution-pv.com. Rekomen- duojamos bendrovëms, kuriø pajamos – nuo 50 mln. iki 1 mlrd. JAV doleriø; smulkiau apie programas DemandStream ir Fourth Shift þr. adresu http:// www.technologyevaluation.com; programos mokamos. Dar keletas internetiniø finansinës apskaitos programø kûrëjø ir platinimo adresø: http://www.netsuite.com; http://www.maconomy.com; http:// www.intacct.com; http://www.infor.com; http://www.mbasoft.com; http:// www.checkmark.com; http://www.misys.com; http://www.etek.net; http:// www.perfect-software.com; http://www.siriusgt.com. Prie apskaitos DB priskirtinas tinklalapis http://www.orau.gov/pbm/ sample/sample.html, kuriame pateikiami originalûs bûtiniausiø veiklos kontroliniø rodikliø registrai – sàskaitybos, personalo, finansø, produktø kûrimo, verslo prognoziø, informacinës bei teisës aplinkos, vadybos, tiekimo bei aprûpinimo, gamybos ir produktø kokybës kontrolës, saugumo srityse. Kaip pavyzdá pateiksime ðioje DB taikomà analitiniø finansinës veiklos rodikliø sistemà:

Sample Finance Performance Measures Percent error in budget predictions Number of payroll errors per month Computer rerun time due to input errors Number of errors found by outside auditors Percent of financial reports delivered on schedule Number of errors in financial reports Number of record errors per employee Percent of errors in travel advance records Percent of error-free vouchers Percent of errors in expense accounts Percent of bills paid so Company gets price break detected by auditors Percent of errors in checks Computer program change cost Entry errors per week

168 6. FINANSINËS SKAIÈIUOKLËS, JØ TIPAI, FUNKCIJOS

Pirmiausia skirtinos internetinës finansinës skaièiuoklës nuo analogiðkø finansiniø skaièiuokliø árenginiø. Toliau apþvelgiamos tik pirmøjø DB. Programiniuose paketuose ádiegtos finansinës funkcijos yra realiame gyve- nime vykstanèiø ekonominiø finansiniø skaièiavimø interpretacija. Jos geriausiai tinka apdoroti didelius duomenø kiekius, pavyzdþiui, suskaièiuoti metiná birþos vertybiniø popieriø prekybos pelnà pagal kiekvienà vertybiniø popieriø klasæ á pagalbà pasitelkus, pavyzdþiui, Windows aplinkai pritaikytas programinës árangos (EXCEL, WORKS) finansines funkcijas. Kai kuriø finansiniø funkcijø sintaksë yra painoka, todël skaièiuokliø lygiø pagrindimas turi bûti paprastas, pritaikantis finansiniø sprendimø tradicijas (plg. didþiuosius 2000–2800 psl. apimties finansiniø koeficientø apskaièiavimo lenteliø þinynus, iki ðiol tebeleidþiamus prestiþiniø leidyklø). Skaièiuokliø funkcijomis sëkmingai gali naudotis ne tik akcininkai ir vers- lininkai, bet ir bankai, finansinës makleriø ámonës, kitos finansinës organizacijos bei valstybinës institucijos. Kaip teigia Martindale administratoriai (http://www.martindalecenter. com/Calculators. html), ðios internetiniame skaièiuokliø centre áregistruota per 20 tûkst. skirtingiausiø jø tipø. Ið jø, DB administratoriaus nuomone, 3625 yra itin iðradingai sukurtos; tai sakoma apie visø srièiø skaièiuokles, bet bendra padëtis tokia pati ir finansiniø bei vadybos skaièiuokliø grupëje (http://www.martindalecenter.com/Calculators1B.html). Ið finansiniø skaièiuokliø iðskirtinos: bendresnës arba jø grupës (apima daugelá investiciniø arba kitø operacijø – paskolø ir palûkanø, pelno ið investicijø, bûsimos vertës, anuitetø ir rentos), pavyzdþiui: • http://www.bloomberg.com/analysis/calculators.html;

Currency Calculator Mortgage Calculator Retirement Calculator Lease/Buy Calculator 401(k) Calculator Education Cost Calculator Emergency Fund Calculator

169 • http://www.fincalc.com – apima ávairias finansø, vartojimo kreditø ir verslo aplinkos skaièiuokles:

Financial Content Offering Grid ConsumerCalcs Over 100 customizable calculators for your consumer-facing site. AdvisorCalcs Dozens of online calcs for advisors. Quickly generate one-page, presentation-quality output. PlanningModules Financial Planning modules which generate detailed financial planning presentations. FinancialConcepts Dozens of timely Financial Articles for your consumer-facing web site. CustomCalcs If you can detail your calculator needs, we can put them online. Both HTML and PDF output available.

• http://www.calculator.com; • http://www.calculatorweb.com; • http://www.moneyadvisor.com/calc; • http://www.finaid.org/finaid/calculators/finaid_calc.html – daugiausia finansø konsultacijø ir skaièiuokliø studentø poreikiams svetainë;

College Cost Projector, Savings Plan Designer (Flat Contribution), Expected Family Contribution and Financial Aid Calculator and Loan Calculator.

• http://www.dinkytown.net – apima maþdaug 150 finansiniø ir kitø panaðiø skaièiuokliø (þr. meniu):

Mortgage Calculators Mortgage Calculator, Mortgage Qualifier, Refinance Breakeven, Refinance Interest Savings, Rent vs. Buy, Mortgage Payoff, Mortgage APR Calculator, Mortgage Points, Mortgage 15 vs 30, More... Retirement Savings & Planning Retirement Planner, Social Security, Retirement Income Calculator, Roth vs Traditional IRA, Roth IRA Calculator, Regular IRA Calculator, Roth IRA Transfer, Variable Annuity Calculator, More... Business Calculators Sales Volume Breakeven Analysis, Cash Flow Calculator, Inventory Analysis, Working Capital Needs, Financial Ratios, Business Valuation, More... Loan Calculators Amortizing Loan Calculator, Debt Consolidator, Loan & Credit Line Payments, Line of Credit, Loan Comparison Calculator, More... Personal Finance Net Worth Calculator, Credit Assessment, Home Budget Analyzer, Life Insurance Calculator, Checkbook Balancer, More...

170 Investment Calculators Asset Allocator, Stock Option Calculator, Annual Stock Option Grants, Investment Returns, More... Taxes U.S. 1040 Tax Estimator, U.S. EZ1040, Marginal Tax Calculator, More... Auto Calculators Auto Loans, Auto Loan vs Home Equity Loan, Lease vs. Buy, Auto Loan Early Payoff, More... Credit Cards & Debt How much do you owe?, Personal Debt Consolidator, Accelerated Debt Payoff, Credit Card Pay Off, Rolldown your Credit Card debt!, More... Savings Calculators Savings Calculator, Savings Goal, Savings, Taxes and Inflation, College Savings Plan, Cool Million, Compound Interest, More...

• www.timevalue.com/tools.htm;

• www.finance.cch.com/tools/calcs.asp svetainëje galima naudotis ðiomis skaièiuoklëmis ir analitinëmis finansø priemonëmis (þr. jø sàraðà):

Mortgage Calculators Loan Calculators Bi-weekly Payment Calculator Balloon Loan Calculator Bi-weekly Payments: Existing Mortgage Loan Comparison Calculator Adjustable Rate Mortgage Payments Alternative Payment Frequencies Mortgage APR Calculator Debt Consolidator Adjustable Rate Mortgage APR Calculator Line of Credit ARM vs. Fixed Rate Mortgage Enhanced Loan Calculator Balloon Mortgages Existing Loan Calculator Blended Rate Mortgage Calculator Loan & Credit Line Tax Savings Mortgage 15 vs. 30 Loan Prequalification Calculator Fixed Rate vs. Interest Only Mortgage Equity Line of Credit Payments Fixed Rate Mortgage vs. LIBOR ARM Loan & Credit Line Payments Mortgage Income Requirements Line of Credit Payoff Interest Only Mortgage Amortizing Loan Calculator Mortgage Calculator Credit Cards and Debt Management Mortgage Calculator with PITI Credit Card Optimizer Maximum Mortgage Accelerated Debt Payoff Mortgage Payoff How much Do You Owe? Mortgage Points Personal Debt Consolidation Mortgage Qualifier Rolldown Your Credit Card Debt! Refinance Breakeven Consolidation Loan Investment Calculator Rent vs. Buy Credit Card Payoff Mortgage Tax Savings Calculator Automobile Calculators Refinance Interest Savings Bi-weekly Auto Loan Payments

171 Auto Loan vs Home Equity Loan Estate Tax Planning Auto Loans Payroll Deductions Low Interest Financing Savings Section 125 Cafeteria Plan Auto Loan Early Payoff Net to Gross Paycheck Calculator Auto Rebate Hourly Paycheck Calculator Lease vs. Buy U.S. 1040 Tax Estimator Dealer vs. Credit Union Financing U.S. 1040EZ Tax Estimator Biweekly Payments for an Auto Loan Marginal Tax Calculator Investment Calculators Self-Employment Tax Estimator Asset Allocator Savings Calculators Mutual Fund Expense Calculator CD Ladder Calculator Future Contracts Calculator Certificate of Deposit Investment Loan College Savings Plan Investment Returns Compare Savings Rates Annual Stock Option Grants Compound Interest Stock Option Calculator Savings Calculator Municipal Bond Tax Equivalent Yield Savings Distribution Calculator Retirement Savings and Planning Emergency Savings Calculator Variable Annuity Calculator Lunch Savings Calculator Fixed Annuity Calculator Cool Million Immediate Annuity Calculator Savings Goals How Important Is Social Security? Savings, Taxes and Inflation Pension Plan Retirement Options Benefit of Spending Less Regular IRA Calculator Don’t Delay Your Savings 401(k) Savings Calculator Personal Finance 403(b) Savings Calculator Checkbook Balancer 457 Savings Calculator Credit Assessment 72T Distribution Impact Disability Calculator 72T Calculator Comprehensive Life Insurance Analysis Beneficiary Required Minimum Basic Calculator Distributions Basic Financial Calculator Required Minimum Distributions Retirement Income Calculator Home Budget Analyzer Retirement Planner Human Life Value Retirement Pension Planner Should My Spouse Work? Retirement Shortfall Calculator Life Insurance Calculator Spend it or Save it Calculator Life Expectancy Roth IRA Calculator Long-Term Care Calculator Roth IRA Transfer Net Worth Calculator Roth vs. Traditional IRA Student Budget Analyzer Social Security Business Calculators Net Unrealized Appreciation vs. Rollover Buy vs Lease RMD & Stretch IRA Calculator Consolidate Debt Tax Calculators Sales Volume Breakeven Analysis Payroll Deductions Business Valuation

172 Working Capital Needs Inventory Analysis Cash Flow Calculator Profit Margin Calculator Credit Assessment Financial Ratios Commercial Loan Calculator Amortizing Loan Calculator

• http://www.webwinder.com/wwhtmbin/javacalc.html; • http://www.hedge-hog.com/sub/calculators.html; meniu pateiktas toliau: Find Out The Payments On A Car Loan With Our New Car Loan Calculator Find Out How Expensive A Car You Can Afford With Our New Car Affordability Calculator Find Out How Expensive A Home You Can Afford With Our New Home Affordability Calculator Find Out How Much Money The Bank Will Lend You To Buy A Home With Our New Home Loan Eligibility Calculator Find Out The Effects Of Refinancing Your Mortgage With Our Refinance Calculator Find Out The Benefits Of Increasing Your Mortgage Payments With Our Early Mortgage Payback Calculator Find Your Future Worth With Our Future Worth Calculator Find The Current Value Of Your Bond With Our Bond Value Calculator Find Your Rate Of Return On A Stock With Our Stock Rate Of Return Calculator Find Your Rate Of Return On An Asset With Our Asset Rate Of Return Calculator Find Out Your Mortgage Payment With Our

Kaip matyti ið pateiktø skaièiuokliø svetainiø, nemaþai jø skirtos konkreèioms operacijoms (valiutø keitimo; skolos konsolidavimo; kreditø automobiliams, studijoms; ðeimø biudþeto ir atlyginimø; pensijø ir kt. draudimo; hipotekos; mokesèiø; perfinansavimo; verslo finansiniø rodikliø ir pan.) atlikti: • http://www.nwcu.com/Web_Tools_and_Links/Calculators/Check- book_ Balancer – 14 finansø skaièiuokliø NorthWest Community kredito unijos svetainëje (sudëtiniams palûkanø procentams, asmeniniø paskolø mokëjimams, grynajai dabartinei ir bûsimai vertei, pinigø srautams analizuoti ir pan.); • http://www.financenter.com/consumertools/calculators; http://www. pueblo.gsa.gov/cic_text/money/almanac/calmanac.htm – vartotojø kreditø ir namø biudþeto skaièiavimams atlikti; • http://www.americancentury.com/workshop/tools.jsp – skaièiuoklës investicinei analizei atlikti; • http://www.xe.net/currency; http://fx.sauder.ubc.ca – Britø Kolumbijos universiteto valiutø kursø ir keitimo santykiø (http://www.xe.com/ucc/

173 full.shtml; septyniomis kalbomis), konsultacijø ir paaiðkinimø internetinë DB; valiutø keitimo skaièiuoklës; • http://www.oanda.com/converter/classic – 164 ðaliø valiutø kursø, keitimo ir kitø birþø sandoriø internetinë DB, skirta verslininkams, investuotojams, turistams;

• www.webwinder.com/wwhtmbin/javacalc.html: patogios namø ûkiams finansiniø operacijø skaièiuoklës (meniu su patikslinimais – toliau):

Bi-Weekly Mortgage Calculator This calculator will show you how much you will save if you make 1/2 of your mortgage payment every two weeks instead of making a full mortgage payment once a month. In effect, you will be making one extra mortgage payment per year—without hardly noticing the additional cash outflow. But, as your about to discover, you will certainly notice the increased cash flow that will occur when you pay your mortgage off way ahead of schedule! Car Cost Comparison Calculator When buying a car most people fail to consider ALL of the expenses that will be generated by their purchase. And because nearly all car buying scenarios come with different variables (depreciation rates, interest rates, purchase prices, insurance costs, mpg ratings, etc.), it becomes extremely difficult to compare one buying scenario with another...until now that is. This calculator will not only help you to forecast the REAL COST of buying and owning a car, but it will also help you to more accurately compare the real cost of one car buying scenario with the real cost of a second car buying scenario. Credit Card Minimum Payment Interest Calculator This calculator will show you how much interest you will end up paying if you make only the minimum required payment on your credit card bill. It will also tell you how many minimum payments you will make before your balance is paid off (up to a maximum of 600 payments). Debt Investment Calculator Before you go throwing darts on Wall Street, check to make sure you can’t earn a higher rate of return simply by investing in your own debt! For example, if you have a credit card balance that’s costing you 19% per year, and you increase your payment, you will get a guaranteed 19% return on your investment. What’s more, your earnings will be tax-free! So use this JavaScript Calculator to see how much you could be earning if you increased your payment on any one of your debts. Future Value Calculator This calculator will show you the Forgone Interest Earnings that will result after spending a given dollar amount on a non-appreciating, non-necessary purchase. Future Value of Periodic Payments Calculator This calculator will show you how much interest you will earn over a given period of time; at any given interest rate; based on an initial investment plus a fixed monthly addition. The calculator compounds monthly and assumes deposits are made at the beginning of each month.

174 Increase-Your-Wage Calculator If you work one hour and spend that hour’s entire wage on a non-necessary, non-appreciating purchase, you have effectively limited the value of one hour’s wage to its face value. On the other hand, if you were to invest all or part of the one hour’s wage into an interest earning investment, this would serve to increase that hour’s wage by an amount equal to the total interest earned by the investment. In other words, the person who is ultimately responsible for setting your hourly wage rate is not your boss—it’s YOU! The calculator below will calculate the future value of your hourly wage based on the portion invested, the annual rate of return, and the number of years invested. Lifetime Savings Calculator This calculator will show you how much you’ll save over the course of your lifetime when permanently switching from any given high priced buying habit (name brand) to its functional, less expensive equivalent (generic). Plus, it will also show you how much interest you could earn if you were to invest all or part of those savings as you realized them. As you’re about to see, “a penny saved” can REALLY ADD UP! Loan Comparison Calculator This calculator will help you to compare the total interest charges of four different loans. MLM Commission Calculator This simple Java calculator will help you to calculate your monthly MLM commission check based on the number of partners in your downline, the commission percentage on each level, and the average monthly personal volume (PV) per partner. Money to Time Calculator This calculator will show you how much time your money is worth. But in order to use this calculator you must first calculate your Real Hourly Wage. Mortgage Refinancing Calculator This JavaScript calculator will help you to decide whether or not you should refinance your current mortgage at a lower interest rate. Not only will this calculator calculate the monthly payment and net interest savings, but it will also calculate how many months it will take to break even on the closing costs. Non-Monthly Payment Calculator This calculator will convert your non-monthly payments into their monthly equivalents, and then provide you will a total. This total will represent how much you will need to set aside each month in order to make your non-monthly payments as they come due. A great budgeting tool! Real Hourly Wage Calculator So your boss told you that you were getting paid $10 an hour? Don’t believe it! This calculator will show you how much you’re REALLY profiting (after-tax, after work-related-expense take-home) from each hour you devote to working—both paid and unpaid. But wait! Before you approach your boss with this startling computation, make sure you see both sides. You know, your boss’s “side” and the “outside!” ;-) Web Hosting Income Calculator Can you think of a local business or two that would like to make their products or services available to 50 million prospective buyers? Yes? Then it’s actually possible for you to make money with your virtual server. How? By offering to host web pages for local businesses. So how much money can you make? Well that depends on several factors, but the following JavaScript Calculator will give you an idea as to the income potential of running your own web hosting business.

175 • http://www.rowling.com – skaièiuoklës pensijø planø skaièiavimams atlikti; • http://www.eri-nonprofit-salaries.com; http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocoiab. htm; http://www.salaryexpert.com; http://www.salary.com; http://salary. money. cnn.com – skaièiuoklës atlyginimams ir kitomis darbo pajamoms analizuoti; • http://www.life-line.org/life/calcs/humanlifecalc.html; • http://www.homefair.com/homefair/calc/ls_basic.html – skaièiuoklës pragyvenimo iðlaidoms optimizuoti; • http://www.ssa.gov/planners/calculators.htm – skaièiuoklës socialinio draudimo ámokoms ir iðmokoms perskaièiuoti; http://www.epinet.org/content. cfm/datazone_uicalc_index – nedarbo iðmokoms nustatyti; • http://www.reficenter.com/calculators.htm – pakartotinio finansavimo centro ir áprastinës finansø, ir specialiosios – hipotekos, draudimo, namø ûkio kreditø, banko korteliø, skolø konsolidavimo – skaièiuoklës; dalis jø susijusios su atitinkamos pakraipos konsultaciniais tinklalapiais; • http://www.anz.com/australia/business/calculator/businessbenchmark /home.asp – finansiniø koeficientø – pelningumo ir turto gràþos, likvidumo, skolos – skaièiuoklës; • http://www.numa.com – brokeriniø operacijø, opcionø bei garantiniø ir kon- vertuojamø (keièiamø) vertybiniø popie- riø kursø skaièiuokliø, taikanèiø Black- Scholes ir kitus stochastikos metodus, DB (plg. http://www.fincad.com): What you can do with FINCAD Analytics · Confirm deal pricing · Run scenario analysis · Assess market risk · Reverse engineer complex deals · Mark-to-market positions and portfolios · Build interest rate curves · Evaluate investment alternatives · Calculate Value-at-Risk (VaR)

• http://www.martindalecenter.com/Calculators2A.html – didelë jau minëta ekonominës ir bendrosios statistikos skaièiuokliø direktorija, daugiausia specializuota pagal matematinës statistikos funkcijas ir jos sritis (pvz., aktuarinë – draudimo, demografinë ir pan.); • http://legacy.ncsu.edu/classes/ted430/intro.htm; http://www.anz.com/ australia/business/calculator/businessbenchmark/home.asp http://www.

176 happybanking.com/FinancialTools/BreakEven.asp; http://legacy. ncsu.edu/ classes/ted430/java/mecon.html – sprendimø priëmimo ir analizës, lûþio taðkø nustatymo ir panaðios specializuotos skaièiuoklës; • http://www.brs-inc.com/bidemo/bidemo.asp – Business Insight analitiniø sistemø demonstracinës svetainës verslo vadybininkams ir konsultantams; atskiriems aspektams apibûdinti naudojamos skaièiuokliø tipo ir apklausos sistemos; • http://www.cfo.com/tools – CFO vadybininkø verslo vertinimo ir vadybiniø sprendimø analizës, ateities opcionø, konvertuojamø paskolø ir kitø finansiniø instrumentø skaièiuoklës; • http://www.lowry.com.au/index.php/5 – amortizacijos iðlaidø skai- èiuoklës; • http://www.tkcs-collins.com/truman/cashflow/cashflow.shtml – patogios iðplëtotos sànaudø srautø analizës skaièiuoklës; • http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/bu2/beta.html – geras JAV NASA laukiamø sànaudø struktûros ir sukauptø sànaudø analizës skaièiuokliø puslapis su papildomø specializuotø projektø ekonominiø skaièiuokliø nuorodø direktorija; • www.timevalue.com/tools.htm; http://www.finaid.org/finaid/calculators/finaid_calc.html – skaièiuoklës studijø iðlaidoms; • http://taxguide.completetax.com/text/Q13_2740.asp; http://www. us.kpmg.com/taxact/taxhigh.html – mokesèiø ir kt. skaièiuoklës; http:// www.hr2hr.com – mokesèiø trikalbë skaièiuoklë – prancûzø, anglø ir olandø kalbomis; http://www.bundesfinanzministerium.de – skaièiuoklë vokieèiø kalba; • http://www.salliemae.com/calculators/content.html – birþos operacijø skaièiuoklës; ir kt. Mokesèiø skaièiuokliø tinklalapá http://taxes.yahoo.com/calculators/ paanalizuokime kaip sustruktûrintos DB pavyzdá. Ið jo matyti, kad apimamas ir susijusiø klausimø skaièiavimo metodikø kompleksas, ne tik formali aritmetinë skaièiuoklë:

Spartaus nustatymo galimybës • nuolaidos; • vidutiniai mokesèiai; • Jûsø mokesèiø nuolaidos.

177 Pajamø ir uþimtumo mokesèiai • ar Jums teisingai apskaièiuotas atlyginimas? • atlyginimas po atskaitymø; • apskaièiuokite savo uþimtumo mokestá, jei dirbate privaèiai. Investicijø mokesèiai • kokios obligacijos pajamingesnës – neapmokestinamos ar apmokestinamos? Ðeimos gyvenimo ciklo priemonës • kaip sutaupyti hipotekos atvejais? • mokesèiø nuolaidos mokant bûsto kredità; • mokesèiø nuolaidos mokant uþ mokslà; • mokesèiø nuolaidos dël ðeiminës padëties. Pensiniø atskaitymø planavimas • kaip infliacija ir mokesèiai paveiks mano santaupas? • kokia mokesèiø reguliavimo galimø pasikeitimø átaka? • kaip galima investuoti kasmet iki mokesèiø atskaitymø?

Kaip matyti ið pavyzdþio, finansiniø skaièiuokliø esmë yra ne tik kie- kybiniø skirtingø veiklos rodikliø ir valiutø sàryðiø nustatymas, bet ir bûtiniausiø finansiniø sprendimø procedûrø nuoseklumo uþtikrinimas, o tai itin svarbu maþiau patyrusiems verslininksms ir kitiems klientams. Patogios skaièiuoklës leidþia nagrinëti grynøjø pinigø srautus, infliacijos poveiká, finansinius rentabilumo, atsiperkamumo, investicijø amortizacijø ir panaðius koeficientus, lyginti esamà ir bûsimà vertæ, nustatyti kaðtø ir kitø rodikliø lûþio taðkus, paskolø palûkanas, iðperkamosios nuomos sàlygas ir t. t. Kai kuriø tokiø svetainiø adresai tiesiog iðvardijami toliau: • http://www.finaid.org/calculators; http://www.fhcu.org/helpers.htm; • http://www.tbsrealties.com/calculators.htm; • http://mortgages.interest.com/content/calculators/index.asp; • http://www.cfafinancial.com; http://www.arachnoid.com/lutusp/ finance_old.html; • http://www.wheatworks.com;

178 • http://mortgages.interest.com/content/calculators/index.asp; • http://www.moneytoys.com/index.php; http://www.wheatworks.com (jos meniu – toliau):

· Rent or Buy · Simple Loan · Loan Spread · APR Calculator · Cash Flows · Closing Costs Calculator · Future Value Spread · Seller’s Proceeds · Pay Down or Invest? · Refinancing · Loan Comparisons

Vertybiniø popieriø operacijø skaièiuoklës – jas turi daugelis finansiniø operacijø skaièiuokliø tinklalapiø, taèiau kai kurie jø iðsiskiria atskiromis nuorodomis; pateiksime keletà pavyzdþiø: • Yahoo akcijø pristatymo ir analizës DB – http://screen.yahoo. com/ stocks.html – patogus, aiðkus puslapis; • vidutinës akcijø kainos skaièiuoklë http://www.dimgroup.com/ numcrunch/calc5.html; • Vanguard Grupës mokestiniø nuolaidø darbuotojø akcijoms skai- èiuoklë http://majestic.vanguard.com/LP/DA/0.2.EmployerStock Calculator; • opcionø rinkos vertës skaièiuoklës http://www.optionvue. com/Cal- culators/opvalue.htm; • daugeriopø sandoriø su akcijomis ir pelno ið jø skaièiuoklë http:// www.ameritech.net/users/mbelan/stckcalc.html; • akcijø kursø tikimybinio vertinimo skaièiuoklë http://www.optionvue. com/Calculators/probcalc.htm; • vertybiniø popieriø rinkos pelno ir nuostoliø (ið operacijø su akcijomis) skaièiuoklë http://www.dimgroup.com/numcrunch/calc6.html; • vertybiniø popieriø analizës skaièiuoklë http://www.dismal.com/dismal/dsp/tools/calculator/stocks.asp. Studentams skirtos studijø kainos skaièiuoklës skaièiuoja, kiek reikia atidëti kas mënesá santaupø, norint sukaupti sumà, reikalingà sumokëti uþ studijas. Be to, jos pritaikytos ðeimos biudþetui tvarkyti.

179 Be áprastø skaièiuokliø, kai kurios interneto svetainës turi integruotas grafines skaièiuokles, vaizduojanèias kiekybines sàsajas diagramø forma, pavyzdþiui, atsiþvelgiant á trukmæ, palûkanø normas ir kitus kintamuosius (vienos jø struktûra pateikiama toliau):

http://www.calculatorweb.com/calculators/graphinvestcalc.shtml)

Inflation Calculator Savings Calculator Australian Tax Instalment Calculator Compound Interest Calculator Graphical Australian Package Value Calculator Investment Calculator Bond Calculator Australian Car Benefit Calculator Investment Property Calculator Portfolio PLANNING. Budget Calculator Check Book Calculator Transaction Calculator Calculator Net Worth Calculator Retirement Credit Card Calculator Lease Calculator Calculator Life Insurance Calculator Education Loan Calculator Loan Amortisation Calculator Cost Calculator Balance Sheet Calculator Loan Reduction Calculator Borrowing Power Profit Calculator Marketing Calculator Calculator Rent vs Buy Calculator Currency Calculator

Kai kurios skaièiuoklës padeda pasverti investicinæ rizikà pagal finansinio portfelio sudedamàsias – akcijø bei obligacijø pobûdá (http://www. calculatorweb.com/calculators/portfoliocalc.shtml). Valiutø kursø skaièiuokles papildo pasaulio laiko juostø keitikliai (http:/ /www.calculatorweb.com/calculators/timecalc.shtml), matø keitimo skai- èiuoklës ir kitos pagalbinës aplinkos priemonës. Vokietijos finansinës informacijos internetiniø rinkø lyderis DB financial.com áprastines grafines skai- èiuokliø rezultatø vizualizacijos priemones siûlo papildyti trimate techninës analizës ir portfeliniø investicijø rizikos grafika (þr. http://financial. com/en/ fram_prod_tool.html). Reikia pabrëþti, kad smulkaus ir vidutinio verslo atstovams gali bûti naudingos ir tokios pagalbinës skaièiuoklës, kurios padeda sudaryti veiklos finansiná balansà, primindamos bûtinus sudedamuosius jo straipsnius – konkreèius aktyvus bei ásipareigojimus, taip pat bendrovës likvidumà, valiutø kursø poveiká verslo sprendimams, skirtingø matø vienetø tarpusavio reikðmes ir kitus veiklos parametrus (http://www.calculatorweb.com/calculators/balshtcalc.shtml;http://www.sba.gov/library/sharewareroom.html# busplans) bei panaðiai iðsamiai atlikti kitas finansines operacijas. Namø ûkiams svarbu padëti analizuoti skaièiuokliais savo ðeimø biudþetà, galimus disbalanso pavojus (plg. http://www.finaid.org/calculators/budget.phtml). Aiðkinamosios skaièiuoklës kartu su grafinëmis iliustracijomis prie ekonominës teorijos paskaitø atskirø problemø – ir ekonominio ciklo, ir multiplikacijos bei akceleracijos koeficientø, ir kt. – pateikiamos adresais

180 http://www.digitaleconomist.com/d_macro_principles.html; http://highered. mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072875577/student_view0/index.html; http:// nova.umuc.edu/~black/pageg.html. Prancûzø kalba panaðûs puslapiai yra http://beagle.u-bordeaux4.fr/yildi/micro2w/mic2web.html, loðimø strategijos modeliai anglø ir vokieèiø kalbomis – http://www.usf.uos.de/~eebenhoe/ forschung/adaptivetoolbox/ultimatum.en.html. Pateikiama informacija buvo tikrinta 2006 m kovo-birþelio mën. Per pusmetá ið interneto dingo nemaþa populiariø ir naudingø finansø skaièiuokliø, pavyzdþiui: http://www.moneyadvisor.com/calc (paskolø, taupymo, hipotekos), http://www.financial-advise.com; http://financenter.com/ calculate, FindWhat.com; http://www.digitaleconomist.com/d_macro_ principles.html; http://www.fundmaster.com/calc.htm; http://www.investorguide. com/Calculators.htm ir kt., nuorodos á kurias tebëra finansø interneto svetainëse. Kai kurie interneto bankai bei investicijø svetainës pertvarkyti – atsisakë nuorodø á finansines skaièiuokles – (pvz., http://www.pcfinancial. com;http://www.find.co.uk/advisers).

181 182 II dalis

ÁVAIRIOS EKONOMINËS INFORMACIJOS CENTRAI

1. PROFESIJØ, PAREIGYBIØ IR UÞIMTUMO INFORMACINËS BAZËS IR PASLAUGOS INTERNETE

Profesija – darbinës veiklos rûðis, specialaus pasirengimo reikalaujantis pragyvenimo ðaltinis. Plëtojantis gamybinëms jëgoms ir didëjant visuomeni- niam darbo pasidalijimui, profesijø atsiranda vis daugiau, sparèiai kinta jø pobûdis bei paklausiøjø sàraðas. Daugelis profesijø skirstoma á specialybes (pvz., gydytojas terapeutas, gydytojas chirurgas). Plëtojantis kompleksinei mechanizacijai ir automatizacijai, atsiranda plataus profilio profesijø darbininkø (pvz., ðaltkalvis derintojas, automatiniø linijø operatorius). Pareigybë (pareigos) – valstybinio organo, ástaigos, ámonës, organizacijos maþiausia struktûrinë làstelë su tam tikru ðiam organui (ástaigai, ámonei, organizacijai) priklausanèiø uþdaviniø, pareigø ir teisiø kompleksu. Toliau apibûdinsime tik keletà iðplëtotø ir tarptautiniu mastu pripa- þintø profesijø, pareigybiø bei uþimtumo DB. Jose, be ðiø srièiø (uþimtumo, profesijø ir pareigybiø) klasifikatoriø ir jais grástos nacionalinës bei kai kuriose jø, tarptautinës palyginamosios statistikos, dar pateikiami kvalifikaciniai reikalavimai, vadybos ypatumai ir darbo pobûdis, sàlygos ir reikalavimai, galimybës tobulinti profesinius ágûdþius bei kelti kvalifikacijà. Dauguma jø skirta Ðiaurës Amerikai (pvz., http://hotjobs.yahoo.com daugiausia apibûdina darbo rinkà JAV ir Kanadoje, bet jau apima ir Aus- tralijà bei Anglijà), taèiau nuolat gausëja ir tinklalapiø, skirtø Europos ekonominei erdvei (http://www.jobpilot.com; www.fincareer.com). Tarpusavyje susijæ internetiniai uþimtumo ir darbo paieðkos tinklalapiai (pvz., http://www.jobsearchlink.com) skirstomi á: • skirtus jaunimui (tarpusavyje susijæ tinklalapiai www.jobtrak.com ir http://www.monstertrak.monster.com, apibendrinantys informacijà ið daugiau kaip 1000 aukðtøjø mokyklø bei koledþø ir darbo pasiûlos verslo centrø); • sezoniniam darbui, lyties ar rasiø diskriminacijai naikinti (plg. http:/ /www.summerjobs.com – vasaros darbai; http://www.councilexchanges.org, http://www.overseasjobs.com/ – rekomendacijos rasti darbà studijuojan- tiesiems uþsienyje). Yra internetiniø darbo vietø adresø, specializuotø pagal profesijas arba kokius nors kitus poþymius (http://www.efinancialjobs.com; http://www. fincareer.com;

183 • finansø specialistams; http://www.marketingjobs.com – finansø rinkodaros specialistams ádarbinti ir perkvalifikuoti; • ávairiø profesijø medikams – http://www.hirehealth.com ir kt. Paieðkos meniu struktûra yra tokia:

SITE MAP: GENERAL General Useful Links For Employers Home Search Engines Welcome About Us Email Services Advertise Affiliates Stocks Post Jobs Contact Us Weather Search Resumes Link to Us Maps Books Privacy Policy Freebies Helpful Articles Site Tour Bookstores Helpful Links Net Newbies Webmasters FOR JOB SEEKERS

Job Boards Career Center Worksheets Job Boards Introduction Introduction IT Job Boards Checklist Brainstorm Resume Distribution Useful Tips Define Goals Resume Services Books on Jobs Career Information Work at Home Career Options Networking For Students IT Training Resumes Networking Cover Letters Resumes Thank–you Letters Cover Letters Interviewing Thank–you Letters Compare Offers Interviewing Track Jobs Salary Surveys Track Companies Students Only Track Contacts To Do List Favorite Links Salary Calculator Download Worksheets

184 Pirmiausia paminëtina JAV darbo departamento palaikoma standartinë uþimtumo klasifikacija, kurioje iðskiriamos 23 pagrindinës gyventojø uþimtu- mo grupës, ðios skirstomos á dar smulkesnius klasifikacinius vienetus (Stan- dard Occupational Classification, þr. http://www.bls.gov/soc/soc_majo.htm):

SOC Major Groups 11–0000 Management Occupations 13–0000 Business and Financial Operations Occupations 15–0000 Computer and Mathematical Occupations 17–0000 Architecture and Engineering Occupations 19–0000 Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations 21–0000 Community and Social Services Occupations 23–0000 Legal Occupations 25–0000 Education, Training, and Library Occupations 27–0000 Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media Occupations 29–0000 Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations 31–0000 Healthcare Support Occupations 33–0000 Protective Service Occupations 35–0000 Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations 37–0000 Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations 39–0000 Personal Care and Service Occupations 41–0000 Sales and Related Occupations 43–0000 Office and Administrative Support Occupations 45–0000 Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Occupations 47–0000 Construction and Extraction Occupations 49–0000 Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations 51–0000 Production Occupations 53–0000 Transportation and Material Moving Occupations 55–0000 Military Specific Occupations

Kanados nacionaliná uþimtumo klasifikatoriø (National Occupational Classification), kuris apima á 522 pogrupius ir per 25 000 profesijø ir jø kodus, naudojamà ir uþimtumo, ir imigracijos tyrimams, pateikia kelios DB, viena jø – www.cic.gc.ca/english/skilled. DB yra ir profesijø kodø þinynas.

185 Ðioje svetainëje skiriama 10 pagrindiniø uþsiëmimø pogrupiø: • valdymas; • verslo, finansø ir administravimo; • gamtos ir tiksliøjø mokslø; • sveikatos; • socialiniø mokslø, ðvietimo, vyriausybës ir religijos; • meno, kultûros, restauravimo ir sporto; • pardavimo ir paslaugø; • prekiavimo, gabenimo ir techniniø operacijø; • pirminio sektoriaus (agrokultûros, þvejybos, miðkininkystës); • pramonës ir apdirbimo.

Lietuvos profesijø klasifikatorius (www.darborinka.lt) parengtas ekspertø darbo grupës prie Lietuvos darbo rinkos mokymo tarnybos remiantis Tarptautiniu standartiniu profesijø klasifikatoriumi ISCO–88 ir ISCO–88. Buvo sukurta struktûrinë piramidë, kurios hierarchinë sandara susideda ið deðimt pagrindiniø aukðèiausio lygmens grupiø; ðios grupës toliau skirstomos á 28 pagrindinius pogrupius, 116 grupiø ir 405 pogrupius (þr. lentelæ kitame psl.). Klasifikuojant darbus, kurie apima didelæ uþduoèiø ir pareigø ávairovæ, taikoma keletas pirmumo (svarbumo) taisykliø, t. y. apibrëþiant profesinæ kategorijà, kuriai turëtø bûti priskirtas darbas, tam tikroms uþduotims ir pareigoms suteikiama pirmenybë: 1) tais atvejais, kai uþduotys ir pareigos yra susijusios su skirtingais prekiø ir paslaugø gamybos ir paskirstymo procesø etapais, pirmenybë teikiama su gamybos proceso etapais susijusioms uþduotims ir pareigoms, o ne papildomoms uþduotims ir pareigoms; 2) tais atvejais, kai uþduotims ir pareigoms atlikti reikia kvalifikacijos, kuri daþniausiai ágyjama skirtingø lygiø mokymuose ir dirbant (per patirtá), darbai klasifikuojami pagal uþduotis ir pareigas, kurios reikalauja aukðèiausios kvalifikacijos (http://darborinka.lt/mod/klasifikatorius).

186 Pagrindinës Lietuvos profesijø klasifikatoriaus grupës, joms priskiriamø grupiø skaièius ir kvalifikacijos lygmenys

ISCO Pagrindinës grupës kvalifikacijos Pagrindiniai Grupës Pogrupiai Profesijos lygmuo pogrupiai Ástatymø leidëjai, vyresnieji – 3 8 41 352 pareigûnai ir valdytojai Specialistai 4 4 20 78 1232 Jaunesnieji specialistai 3 4 19 71 604 ir technikai Jaunesnieji tarnautojai 2 2 7 23 211 Aptarnavimo sferos ir 2 2 9 23 208 prekybos darbuotojai Kvalifikuoti prekinio 2 2 6 17 172 þemës ûkio ir þuvininkystës darbininkai Kvalifikuoti darbininkai 2 4 16 70 1402 ir amatininkai Árenginiø, maðinø 2 3 20 70 1121 operatoriai ir surinkëjai Nekvalifikuoti darbininkai 1 3 10 26 217 Ginkluotosios pajëgos – 1 1 1 1 Ið VISO 28 116 420 5520

http://www.wave.net/upg/immigration/dot_index.html – internetinio JAV darbo departamento pareigø bei profesijø þodyno (Dictionary of Occupa- tional Titles) svetainë anglø ir ispanø kalbomis, pagrásta standartiniu pramo- nës klasifikatoriumi. Tai – oficialaus profesijø klasifikatoriaus internetinis variantas; jis pristatomas taip:

National Academy of Sciences, Committee on Occupational Classification and Analysis. DICTIONARY OF OCCUPATIONAL TITLES (DOT): PART I – CURRENT POPULATION SURVEY, APRIL 1971, AUGMENTED WITH DOT CHARACTERISTICS, AND PART II – FOURTH EDITION DICTIONARY OF DOT SCORES FOR 1970 CENSUS CATEGORIES [Computer file]. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of the Census

187 2. ELEKTRONINËS PREKYBOS, MARKETINGO IR REKLAMOS INFORMACINËS BAZËS

Interneto terpës komercinë plëtra paskatino naujø verslo modeliø kûri- mà, suteikë ámonëms galimybæ sumaþinti sànaudas, padidinti gamybos ir aptarnavimo efektyvumà ir kokybæ. Ið vykstanèiø pokyèiø pirmiausia iðskir- tina elektroninë prekyba, arba e. prekyba. Remiantis investicinio banko Goldman Sachs ekspertø prognozëmis, iki 2010 metø elektroninë prekyba gali uþimti 15–20 procentø rinkos. Vien per 1999–2002 m., kaip nurodoma OECD publikacijoje IT plëtros klausimais, interneto prekybos pagrindà sudaranèiø saugiø serveriø skaièius iðaugo 2,2 karto (http://www.oecd.org/ dataoecd/16/14/1835738.pdf). Bene daþniausiai ja naudojosi Ðvedijos gyventojai (13 proc.). Manoma, kad elektroninës komercijos poveikis gali nulemti 2,7 proc. didesnes nacionalines pajamas, 5 proc. padidinti BNP. Labai svarbi e. prekybos plëtros problema – uþtikrinti e. prekybos daly- viø privatumà, saugumà, autorines teises, elektroninio paraðo galiojimà, atskirose ðalyse vienodai teisiðkai interpretuoti elektroninëmis priemonëmis sudarytus sandorius, mokëjimø pavedimus ir kita. E. prekyba – tai tarpusavy internetu bendraujanèiø kompleksinio tiekëjø, paskirstytojø ir vartotojø tinklo bei jame vykdomø sandoriø sistema. Gera informacinë interneto e. prekybos ir e. paðto naujienø bei publikacijø teminë analitinë svetainë yra http://www.emarketer.com. Labai svarbu ásidëmëti, kad paieðka pagal pagrindines sàvokas e. prekyba anglø kalba daþniausiai ir pirmiausia pateikia interneto adresus svetainiø, kuriose vyksta ne apskritai e. prekyba, o operacijos internete vertybiniais popieriais, nes susitapatina artimos semantikos grupës – e-trade ir e-trading (þr., pvz., http://clearstation.etrade.com; https://us.etrade.com/e/t/ home, plg. jos meniu):

provides access to a wide range of products and services to help you meet virtually any financial need.

Investment and Trading Choices Services · Stocks · Move money with Quick Transfer · Options · Transfer an Account · Mutual Funds · Wireless account access · Bonds · Learn about the E*TRADE CompleteTM · IPOs Protection Guarantee · Futures

188 Retirement & Planning Accounts Services · Traditional IRA · Tax Tools & Tips · Roth IRA · IRA Tips & Strategies · Rollover IRA · Rollover IRA Checklist · IRA for Minors · Automatic Investing in Mutual Funds · Self Employed & Business IRAs · Learn about the E*TRADE · Education Savings CompleteTM Protection Guarantee · Beneficiary IRA Banking & Credit Cards Accounts Services · Checking · Online Bill Pay · Money Market · Quick Transfer · Certificates of Deposit (CDs) · View Internet Banking Demo · Credit Cards · Locate an ATM · Learn about the E*TRADE CompleteTM Protection Guarantee · Wireless account access Mortgages & Home Equity Loans Services · Home Purchase · Loan Calculators · Refinance · Loan Status · Home Equity · Quick Transfer · Fair Compare · Mortgage on the Move · Learn about the E*TRADE CompleteTM Protection Guarantee

Analogiðkai susijusios e. atsiskaitymø DB paprastø prekiø arba mo- këjimø uþ paslaugas bei atsiskaitymø uþ akcijø arba obligacijø sandorius atvejais. Be to, apskritai prekyba prekëmis tradiciðkai labiau paplitusi ne elektronine forma. Uþsakymai, atsiskaitymai vykdomi, informacinës DB daþniausiai tvarkomos elektronine forma. E. prekyba – tai priemonë sudaryti sàlygas visoms ámonës organizavimo formoms taikyti ir remti. Ji leidþia ámonëms efektyviau ir lanksèiau atlikti vidaus operacijas, artimiau dirbti su tiekëjais bei jautriau reaguoti á klientø poreikius ir lûkesèius. Idealios informacinës sistemos atveju e. prekyba turi pasireikðti visose ámonës veiklos srityse. Sëkmingi e. prekybos sumanymai gali apimti pirkimus, plëtrà arba produktø projektavimà, vadovavimà produkcijai ir gamybos rinkodarà, pardavimus, aptarnavimà, bendra- darbiavimà versle, produktø platinimà, mokslinius tyrimus, informacijos skleidimà, komerciniø bendruomeniø steigimà, mokymà, renginius ir dar daug kitø verslo srièiø. Á internetà perkeliamos visos veiklos operacijos:

189 uþsakymas, elektroniniø pirkimo, pardavimo sutarèiø sudarymas, reklama, klientø aptarnavimas, konsultavimas, tiekimo grandþiø valdymas, apmokestinimas, vartotojø teisiø apsauga ir kt. Bendrøjø e. prekybos nuostatø reglamentavimas ir jos plëtros problemos Europos ekonominëje erdvëje apibûdinamas ðiais adresais: • http://www.europa.eu.int/comm/enterprise/ict/policy/econ–anal/ index.htm; • http://www.eu.int/scadplus/leg/en/s21012.htm#ECOMMERCE. Ten aptariami norminimo, koordinavimo ir mokëjimo sistemø tobulinimo klausimai. E. prekybos informacinës paieðkos tinklalapiai átraukti á ES komercinës politikos svetainæ: Policy Areas Industrial Policy · Enteprise Policy · Enlargement and Enterprise policy · Promoting entrepreneurship and SMEs · Access to finance · Promoting Innovation and Technology Transfer · Tourism · E. business – Information and Communication Technology industries and services · Corporate Social Responsibility · Single Market – New and Global Approach · Free movement of goods · Better Regulation · Environment and Sustainable Development · Space policy

IDABC (Interoperable Delivery of European e Government Services to public Administrations, Businesses and Citizens)

Be ávairiø pranaðumø, iðskirtini ávairûs e. prekybos trûkumai, kuriø sprendimø taip pat galima rasti aptariamø didþiosiose e. prekybos interneti- nëse DB (www.cisco.com ir kt.): • sprendimai ir sistemos ne visada suderinami. Ámonës kuria ir diegia savas e. prekybos sistemas ir produktus. Tai reikalauja ávairiø standartø ir modeliø, palaikanèiø ðias e. prekybos sistemas, ir jø sàsajø su organizacijø informacijos sistemomis. Be to, sistemos turi veiksmingai aptarnauti klientus;

190 • nauji sprendimai ne visada suderinami su jau esanèiomis sistemomis. Ámonës nenori nutraukti savo eksploatuojamø sistemø ir naudoti visai naujas e. prekybos sistemas; • projektavimas ir plëtra kainuoja; reikia atsiþvelgti ne tik á projek- tavimui ir plëtrai skirtas lëðas, bet ir á tolesnio sistemø palaikymo ir plëtojimo kaðtus; • reikia palaikyti elektroniniø duomenø mainø standartà. Naujosios e. prekybos sistemos turi taikyti toká standartà, kuris naudojamas siekiant saugiai keistis verslo ir finansiniais duomenimis tarp verslo partneriø; • ne visada patogu priimti apmokëjimus. Daugybë apmokëjimo stan- dartø apsunkina e. prekybos sistemø projektavimà. Skirtinos kelios atskiros bei miðrios e. prekybos bei e. paslaugø DB: verslas verslui (Business to Business, dar vad. B2B), verslas klientui (Busi- ness to Customer, B2C), aukcionai internete (áskaitant ir Customer to Cus- tomer, C2C); verslas vyriausybei (Business-to-Government, B2G), vartotojas vyriausybei (Consumer-to-Government, C2G), vyriausybës ástaigos vyriausybei (Government-to-Government, G2G). Vartotojui tokios prekybos teikiami pranaðumai galëtø bûti didesnis prekiø ir paslaugø pasirinkimas, galimybë ásigyti prekæ ið bet kurios pasaulio ðalies, gauti daugiau informacijos apie dominantá produktà. Gamintojui ðio prekybos bûdo teikiami pranaðumai – gaunamas priëjimas prie didesnës rinkos, galimybë sumaþinti iðlaidas (darbuotojø skaièiaus sàskaita, nebereikia parduotuviø patalpø prestiþiniuose rajonuose/gatvëse), taip pat labai sumaþëja steigimosi kaina – sukurti interneto svetainæ kainuoja sàlyginai nedaug. Vienas sëkmingiausiø e. prekybos B2C pavyzdþiø – www. amazon.com – bendrovë, pardavinëjanti knygas (ðiuo metu ji prekiauja ir vaistais bei kitais reikmenimis) internete. Ðis didþiausias pasaulio virtualus knygynas vartotojui kasdien siûlo daugiau nei 2,5 milijono knygø. Ásikûrusi JAV ir jau turinti padaliniø Vokietijoje, Prancûzijoje bei Didþiojoje Britanijoje, bendrovë gali pasigirti turinti daugiau nei 10 000 klientø, nuolat bendradar- biaujanèiø knygø apþvalgininkø ir skelbti numatomas iðleisti knygas bei parduodamus antikvarinius leidinius. Kai kurios e. prekybos svetainiø grupës iðvardijamos toliau:

191 El. prekybos modeliai: E. prekybos architektûra: http://kite.tsa.de http://ebiz.ittoolbox.com/ http://www.brint.com/Elecomm.htm

Atsiskaitymai internete: Saugumas internete: http://www.rsasecurity.com/rsalabs/faq/ http://www.cybercash.com http://www.assit.ru http://www.mondex.com/index-cash-frames.html http://www.ibill.com http://www.netcheque.org http://www.cybank.net

Keletas sëkmingø e. prekybos adresø: E. prekybos publikacijø adresai: http://www.amazon.com http://www.bambooweb.com/articles/e/l/ http://www.Commerce. Database.com Electronic_Commerce.html http://www.lastminute.com http://www.barnesandnoble.com http://www.eBay.com http://www.alltoys.de

Kita B2C sëkminga sritis – e. turizmo paslaugos. Tai iðplaukia ið e. business W@tch 25 Europos ðaliø 10 ekonomikos sektoriø apþvalgos 2003 m. (þr.: http://www.europa. eu.int/comm/enterprise/ict/policy/watch/index.htm) • http://www.commerce. database.com/ yra plati e. prekybos adresø direk-. torija, kurioje galima rasti nuorodø nuo e. prekybos sandoriø DB iki rinkodaros bei rinkotyros, verslo vadybos, prekybos tinklø, atsiskaitymø sistemø, tiekimo bei logistikos ir net personalo parinkimo bei rengimo; suprantama, kad apimami ir visø ðiø bei kitø susijusiø srièiø programinës aplinkos adresai. • http://www.ebay.com – tarptautinës elektroninës aukcionø prekybos lyderë bei rinkodaros tinklapiø DB. Turi atskiras svetaines keliomis kalbomis JAV, Pran- cûzijoje, Anglijoje, Vokietijoje ir kitose ðalyse, skelbia patogø vartojimo reikmenø, daugiausia – naudotø ir kolekciniø prekiø pasiûlos bei aukcionø sandoriø svetaines pagal jø grupes. Skelbiama, kad ebay veikia 26 ðalyse, bet faktiðkai gerai funkcionuoja ir pagrindinë apyvarta vyksta tik 5–6 jø. Atsiskaitoma pavedimais per PayPal èekiais ir kitaip. Teikiamos suprantamos konsultacijos apie visas pagrindines sandoriø operacijas, pretenzijø pateikimà. Nëra idealiai apsaugota nuo sukèiavimø, bet veikia gana veiksmingai. Ði svetainë turi sàsajas su XE.com valiutø skaièiuokle ir laiko zonø lentele (http://pages. ebay.co.uk/internationaltrading/timezones.html). Nepainioti su e. buy.com. – tai yra e. verslo, finansinio planavimo, nekilnojamojo turto, kelioniø ir panaðiø sandoriø, bet ne aukcionø svetainë.

192 • www.marketingbase.com – rinkodaros, jos ir rinkø planavimo, strate- gijø ir tyrimø svetainë. • http://tradezone.com – Globalaus prekybos centro (Global Trade Centerr, Mellinger Co) tinklalapis internete, platinantis reklamà ir padedantis rengti sandorius bei komercines svetaines, uþmegzti komercinius ryðius, informuojantis apie rinkø naujienas ávairiose veiklos srityse (þr. jos meniu):

Tradezone.com Services Import Export News Business Opportunities Online Store – Member Warehouse Start an Import Export Business Import Buyers Info Page Suppliers Manufacturers Directory Trade Sites International Traders Members Trade Lead Bulletin Board Private It Member Center And Ezine International Trade News Your IT Member Profile Global Trade Articles IT Membership Renewal

Suppliers – Manufacturers Directory Gift, Crafts & Novelties Agriculture Home & Garden Art Materials & Hobbies Industrial Machinery, Equipment & Supplies Automotive & Vehicles Jewelry & Precious Stones Business Services & Opportunities Luggage, Bags & Cases . Chemicals & Plastics Minerals & Metals Clothing & Accessories Office Supplies & Equipment Computer Paper, Printing & Packaging Construction & Building Materials Pharmaceuticals, Medical & Healthcare Electronics & Electrical Security & Protection Energy & Raw Materials Sports & Entertainment Environment Textiles & Fabrics Excess Inventory Timepieces & Eyewear Foods & Beverages Toys & Games Furniture & Furnishings Transportation

• http://gbd.org – Globalaus verslo dialogo dël e. prekybos svetainë (Global Business Dialogue on Electronic Commerce), kurioje skelbiama informacija ðios prekybos saugumo, intelektiniø teisiø apsaugos, e. mokëjimø ir panaðiais klausimais; jos veiklà parëmë 2002 m. 10 vyriausybiø Briuselio deklaracija; • Ekonominio bendradarbiavimo ir plëtros organizacijos (EBPO, angl. OECD) nuorodos á e. prekybos, regioniná ir kitus DB puslapius: iðsamus

193 portalo meniu su EBPO departamentais pateiktas 4.5. priede. Svetainëje yra e. prekybos átakos verslui projektas 11 ðaliø 20 veiklos sektoriø, maþmeninës prekybos árangos ir IT bei logistikos tobulinimo rekomendacijos; • http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/16/14/1835738.pdf – OECD praneði- mas dël IT internetinëje prekyboje. • http://www.commerce.gov – JAV prekybos departamento vidaus ir uþsienio prekybos – iðsamûs tinklalapiai, kuriuose pateikiama informacija apie elektroniniø infrastruktûros priemoniø plëtrà prekyboje, inovacines technologijas, patentus, eksporto reguliavimà ir prekybos statistikà bei kitos þinios. Portalo svetainës analitinës informacijos tinklalapiø meniu yra toks:

Commerce Organization Assistant Secretary for Administration Bureau of Industry and Security • Acquisition Management Economics and Statistics Administration • Administration Services • Bureau of Economic Analysis • Library & Information Services • Bureau of the Census • Budget Economic Development Administration • Civil Rights • Financial Management International Trade Administration • Human Resources Management Minority Business Development Agency • Management and Organization National Oceanic & Atmospheric • Department Administrative Orders Administration • Department Organization Orders National Telecommunications & • OMB Circular A–123 Resources Information Administration • Security Office of the Secretary • Small and Disadvantaged Business • Business Liaison Utilization • General Counsel Office of Inspector General • Legislative and Intergovernmental Patent and Trademark Office Affairs Technology Administration • Policy and Strategic Planning • National Institute of Standards & Technology • Public Affairs • National Technical Information Service • Photographic Services Economic Analysis • Chief Information Officer • Office of IT Policy and Planning Grant Opportunties • Office of IT Security, Infrastructure, Contracting Opportunities and Technology Job and Career Opportunities • Office of Networking and Presidential Appointments Telecommunications Operations Faith Based and Community Initiatives • Office of Systems Development and Support Commerce is E. GOV • Office of Computer Services Trade Opportunities for U.S. Business • Chief Financial Officer and Ensuring a Level Playing Field

194 Technology Coastal and Marine Resources • Research • Fisheries Resources http:// Patents and Trademarks www.commerce.gov/fisheries.html Telecommunications Weather

• http://www.eisil.org/index.php?sid=554721348&t=sub_ pages&cat= 486 – EISIL svetainës tarptautinës ir e. prekybos, tarptautinio prekybos arbitraþo, uþsienio investicijø reguliavimo ir regioninës ekonomikos integracijos, tarptautiniø finansø ir kitø susijusiø srièiø ir svarbiausiø dokumentø Web tinklalapiø (Pasaulio prekybos organizacijos, GATT, JT tarptautinës prekybos komisijos ir kt.) internetinis nuorodø puslapis; • http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/10anniv_e/10anniv_e.htm# future – Pasaulio prekybos organizacijos (PPO, WTO) Konsultacinës tarybos internetinis praneðimas, skirtas 10-meèio proga numatomiems jos perspek- tyviems pokyèiams; • http://ecominfocenter.com – e. komercijos svetainë, teikianti ávairias prekybos sandoriø paslaugas internete B2C, B2B, B2G; skelbiasi turinti 40 tûkst. nuorodø panaðiais klausimais. Rasime naujienø, apmokymo, progra- minës aplinkos, ðaliø ir vyriausybës informacijos, teisiniø ir kitø puslapiø; • http://www.jus.uio.no/lm/electronic.commerce/toc – e. prekybos DB informacinis tinklapis; • http://www.ex.ac.uk/~RDavies/arian/emoney.html – interneto tinklalapiai, skirti e. pinigams ir jø aspektams paaiðkinti per pagrindiniø sàvokø keliasdeðimt sàsajø su kitomis parinktomis specialiomis DB arba svetainëmis; Paþymëtina, kad daugelyje net didesniø internetiniø svetainiø e. prekyba neskiriama nuo e. verslo ir gana pagrástai vertinama kaip jo sudedamoji (þr. keletà adresø toliau): • http://oneoutbox.com/elib – e. komercijos publikacijø ir kitø DB nuo- rodø interneto tinklalapis; • http://www.computerworld.com/managementtopics/ebusiness – e. verslo tinklo, programinës aplinkos, vadybos, reklamos ir naujienø komerci- nis puslapis pagal ûkio ðakas;

195 • http://www.knowthis.com – e. marketingo tinklalapiai, skirti rinkos tyrimø, pardavimø, vadybos, intelektiniø þiniø apsaugai, kitiems komerci- niams aspektams ir publikacijoms ðiais klausimais:

KNOW TH?S.COM Topic Areas – Over 135 Categories

Basics, History, Marketing Plan Promotion, Advertising Legal, Intellectual Property Global Marketing Careers, Jobs Publications, Publishers Market Research, Finding Information Groups, Meetings, Shows Customer Focused, Targeting Retailing, Consumer, Shopping Marketing Management, Product Internet Marketing Education, Training, Academics Selling, Sales Management

Manoma, kad e. komercija besivystanèias ðalis ypaè paveiks ðiais aspektais: • Amatininkams, smulkioms ir vidutinëms ámonëms leis lengviau pasiekti pasaulio B2C elektroninës komercijos rinkas; • Palengvins prekybà pasaulio rinkoje þemës ûkio, citrusiniais ir tropiniais produktais; • Leis maþiau turtingø ðaliø firmoms tapti B2B elektroninës komercijos tiekëjø grandinës dalimi; • Leis paslaugas teikianèioms firmoms besivystanèiose ðalyse veikti efektyviau ir teikti tam tikras paslaugas tiesiogiai vartotojams bet kurioje pasaulio ðalyje.

Privaèiø smulkiø bei vidutiniø ámoniø ásitraukimà á informaciniø ir komunikavimo technologijø plëtros verslà naudojantis e. komercijos galimy- bëmis skatina ne tik Pasaulio bankas, bet ir ávairios Jungtiniø Tautø agen- tûros, regioniniai plëtros bankai.

196 Atsiskaitymai e. prekyboje

Þinomiausios pasaulinës mokëjimo per internetà sistemos yra WorldPay ir PayPal sistemos. Per jas galima atsiskaityti kreditinëmis ir debitinëmis kortelëmis Visa, MasterCard, Switch, American Express, JCB, Diners, Laser, Electron ir kitomis. Norint sujungti savo interneto parduotuvæ su ðiomis kreditiniø korteliø mokëjimo per internetà sistemomis, reikia sàsajos (vadinamojo interfeiso) programos ir sutarties su minëtomis organizaci- jomis. Pagal sutarties sàlygas reikia sumokëti registracijos mokestá, kuris siekia maþdaug 600 litø, ir metiná palaikymo mokestá, kuris yra maþdaug 900 litø. Nuo kiekvieno sandorio nuskaitoma 1,5–4,5 proc. komisinio mokesèio.

PayPal atsiskaitymo sistema (http://www. paypal. com) fiziniams ir juridiniams asmenims suteikia gali- mybæ atlikti ir gauti mokëjimus elektroniniu paðtu. Tai saugus, patogus ir pigus atsiskaitymo bûdas. Jis ypaè tinka maþajam verslui, elektroninëms parduotuvëms, fiziniams ir kitiems asmenims, kurie vis dar taiko áprastus atsiskaitymo metodus. PayPal atsiskaitymo sistemos spartus plitimas ir pripaþinimas leido jai tapti elektroniniø atsiskaitymø sistemø lyderiu. PayPal atsiskaitymo sistemos pranaðumais naudojasi ne tik didelës e. prekybos bendrovës, bet ir elektros prekiø, namø apyvokos daiktø, kelioniø pardavëjai, per jà atsiskaitoma su advokatais, rangovais ir gydytojais. Asmeninë PayPal sàskaita skirta tiems vartotojams, kurie neturi kredi- tinës kortelës arba nenori jos naudoti atsiskaitymams internetu atlikti. Pinigø judëjimas vyksta ið vienos PayPal sàskaitos á kità. Asmeninës PayPal sàskaitos yra nemokamos, taèiau neleidþia priimti atsiskaitymø ið kreditinës kortelës; tam reikia atsidaryti verslo sàskaità. PayPal verslo sàskaita reikalinga pardavëjams, t. y. tiems, kurie nori priimti atsiskaitymus kreditine kortele; uþ tai verslo sàskaitos turëtojas turi sumokëti tam tikrà komisiná mokestá. PayPal sàskaitos atidarymas, pinigø persiuntimas, iðëmimas ir áneðimas yra nemokami ir asmeninës, ir verslo sàskaitø turëtojams. Pinigø gavimas ir tarptautiniai atsiskaitymai yra apmokestinti. PayPal naudoja daugiau nei 50 milijonø registruotø vartotojø ir 66 procentai Ebay klientø.

197 Ðalys, kuriose galima atsiskaityti taikant PayPal sistemà

Euro zonos valstybës Japonija Ðveicarija Meksika Didþioji Britanija Izraelis Danija Pietø Afrika Norvegija Naujoji Zelandija Ðvedija Australija Singapûras Brazilija Honkongas Kanada Pietø Korëja JAV

Atsiskaitymo sistemø palyginimas

Atsiskaitymo sitema Greitis Sànaudos Pastangos Pritaikomumas Priimtinumas Grynieji pinigai didelis maþos maþos maþas didelis Èekiai maþas maþos vidutiniðkos didelis didelis Kreditinë kortelë didelis maþos maþos didelis maþas Mokëjimo pavedimas maþas didelës vidutiniðkos didelis didelis PayPal didelis maþos maþos didelis didelis Ðaltinis: www.digital4sight.com.

Ið kitø e. atsiskaitymø universaliøjø portalø paminëtini ðie interneto adresai: • Elektroniniø mokëjimø asociacijos svetainë http: //www.nacha.org – iðsamûs pagal mokëjimø rûðis iðskirstyti adresai ir tinklalapiai; paieðkos meniu þr. toliau:

About NACHA Conferences & Education Welcome Conferences Mission Statement Teleseminars What is ACH? AAP Program Employment Opportunities Calendar of Events

Regional Associations

198 Special Membership Programs Government Relations Council for Electronic Billing & Payment Payments News Electronic Benefits and Services Council EFT ‘99 Mandate Electronic Check Council Federal Banking & Payment Resources Global Payments Forum US Congress The Internet Council Recent Payments System Policies NCUIC Federal Register Browser Project ACTION Thomas– Legislative Browser Child Support Task Force GAO Reports

Publications

ACH Network ACH Rules AAP Program ACH Rules News Calendar Rule Making Process ACH Quality Pilots Regional ACH Associations National System of Fines Direct Deposit Web site NOC Brochure Direct Payment Web site Payment Association Stats

News Other Resources Latest News Other Resources Press Releases Risk Management Resources ACH News Facts & Statistics Facts & Statistics Regional ACH Associations Electronic Payments Journal Buyer’s Guide

• Elektroniniø mokëjimø tinklo (sutr. EMT, angl. EPN) Bill Cronin tvarkomoje svetainëje – http://www.epaynetwork.com/ – tinklalapiai apie mokë- jimus ir publikacijos apie atsiskaitymus EPN tinkle, investicijø rizikos vadybà, jos technines priemones ir analitikà; • Elektroniniø mokëjimø Anglijoje bendrovës svetainëje – http://www. electronic – payments.co.uk; pateikiami mokëjimø bûdai, lyginamos jø sànaudos, pagrindiniai terminai ir pan.; • Elektroniniø mokëjimø DB – http://www.trintech.com ir jos padalinys http://epaynews.com – e. atsiskaitymø ir naujienø pagal sritis ir regionus registrai su terminø bei finansiniø santrumpø þodynëliu; rekomenduojami sprendimai sumaþinti sànaudas, apgavysèiø ir kità rizikà, tobulinti mokëjimø infrastruktûrà; skelbia savo naujienø prenumeruojamà savaitraðtá (http:// www.trintech.com/TrintechUpdatesSubscribe.html); informacija anglø, ispanø ir vokieèiø kalbomis; portalo meniu pateikiamas toliau:

199 About Trintech News & Events Investor Relations Company History Top Stories Investor Relations Directors’ Compensation Milestones News Archive Stock Information Shareholder Communica- Industry Firsts Events Analyst Coverage tions Acquisitions Media Financial News Code of Ethics Board of Directors Resources Annual Reports AGM 2005 Advisory Board Media SEC Filings Notice of Meeting & Locations Contacts Acquisitions Resolutions Careers Subscribe Shareholder Information Consoidated Accounts Opportunities Ordinary Shareholders Chairman’s Address 2005 Applications ADRs Presentations & Events Life at Trintech Shareholder Contacts Investor FAQs Customers Corporate Governance Investor Contacts Partners Board Composition Investor Alerts Trintech FAQs Board Committees Investor Feedback Contact Us

Our Solutions Solutions by Industry Management Secure PIN Pads Card Organizations Professional Services eTop–up & Recharge Education FMS Success Stories Account Reconciliation Financial Services FMS Knowledge Center Professional Services Government Unattended Payments Payment Management Healthcare Unattended Payment & Processing Network Operators Secure Payment Electronic Gift Card Payment Service Providers Technology Payment Dispute Retailers Secure Payment Module Resolution Value Added Resellers Terminals Card Management System Utilities Vending Solutions Payment Gateway Finance and Treasury Development Studio Online Payment Platform Reconciliation Software Retailer and Merchant ERP Payment Acceptance GL Reconciliation & Electronic Gift Cards Electronic Payment Switch Certification Card Payments & Fraud Professional Services Financial Data Delivery Prevention Professional Services Bank Fee Analysis EMV Chip & PIN & Support Unclaimed Property POS Terminals

• Cyber Source DB – http://www.cybersource.com; informacija apie 20 atsiskaitymø bûdø. Tikëtina, kad ateityje plëtosis naujesnës elektroniniø pinigø sistemos: kaupiamosios vertës kortelës (SVC stored–value cards), komercinio tinklo pinigai. Kaip þinoma, ðiø formø modifikacijos jau kai kur taikomos ir didþiuosiuose Lietuvos prekybos centruose.

200 Rinkodaros DB

Copernicus (http://www/copernicusmarketing.com) yra rinkodaros kon- sultacijø ir tyrimø firmos DB Yahoo svetainëje, kuri specializuojasi rinkø analizës, segmentavimo ir tikslø nustatymo, marketingo praktikos gerinimo, marketingo ir reklamos vertinimo, bandomojo marketingo modeliavimo, perspektyvø numatymø ir tyrimø srityse. Teikiamos ðiø srièiø konsultacijos ir tyrimø paslaugos: • rinkodaros strategijos plëtojimas; • vadovaujamasis rinkodaros vykdymas; • marketingo vykdymo modeliavimas ir analizë; • geriausios praktikos parinkimo konsultacijos; • bendradarbiavimo konsultacijø metodologija; • tinkami matai, metodai, modeliai ir árankiai. Copernicus plëtoja verslà Afrikoje, Azijoje, Australijoje, Europoje, Ðiaurës ir Pietø Amerikoje. Kai kurie tarptautiniai DB ryðiai apima Anglijà, Argentinà, Brazilijà, Kanadà, Prancûzijà, Vokietijà, Italijà, Japonijà, Mek- sikà, Singapûrà, Ispanijà, Pietø Afrikà, JAV ir Venesuelà.

Copernicus meniu skiriami ðie paieðkos skirsniai:

Karjeros galimybës: Konsultavimo ir tyrimø paslaugos: Klientai ir jø atvejø studijos; Bendradarbiavimo konsultacinë metodologija; Copernicus siûlomos naujovës; Vadovaujamasis ávykdymas; Buveinës ir tarptautiniai pajëgumai; Marketingo strategijø konsultacijos; Tarnautojai. Vadovavimas marketingui ir jo analizë; Copernicus universitetas (bûtiniausios Tinkami parametrai, metodologijos, modeliai þinios): ir árankiai. Kaip nustatyti pelningiausias uþduotis; Tam tikro mënesio atradimai: 10 prieþasèiø, kodël nauji produktai/ Geriausios mënesio praktikos supratimas; paslaugos þlunga; Prieðtaringas mënesio atradimas; Kaip atlikti marketingo programø revizijà; Mënesio marketingo mitas; Kaip pasiekti pelningiausius rûðies Psichologinis mënesio profilis. potencialus; Geriausia marketingo praktika: Marketingo sëkmës tempai per praëjusá Geriausios mënesio praktikos supratimas; laikotarpá (þr. schemà); Marketingo IQ testas. Marketingo ávykdymo varpo formos kreivë; Kà turi skaityti kiekvienas rinkodaros specialistas.

201 Rinkotyros informacija skirstoma ðiais poskyriais: • Reklama ir rëmimas; • Rûðiavimas ir rûðinis neðaliðkumas; • Paslaugos vartotojui ir jø kokybë; • Tiesioginis marketingas ir duomenø baziø marketingas; • Industrinis marketingas. Marketingas ir gamyba; • Integruotos marketingo ryðiø priemonës; • Vadovavimas ir bendras verslas; • Bendrasis marketingas; • Marketingo sujungimas ir marketingo planavimas; • Marketingo tyrimai; • Naujo produkto kûrimas; • Pozicionavimas ir segmentavimas; • Kainodara; • Bandomieji marketingo tyrimai ir numatymas.

Remiantis atliktø apþvalgø duomenimis, rinkotyros operacijø sëkmës koeficientø tarpusavio sàsajos pateiktos ðioje schemoje:

202 • Europos Sàjungos 293 tûkst. bendroviø ir kita informacija interneto DB ir CD–ROM (www.cd–rom–directories.com; www.skyminder.com/euro pean–companies.htm) buvo sudaryta siekiant pagerinti verslà ir prekybà ES ðalyse, taip pat ir kituose regionuose. Vienas tikslø buvo skatinti bendros rinkos be sienø plëtrà pasitelkiant elektronines þiniasklaidos priemones ir kitas technikos priemones. • Leo Burneto pasaulinio marketingo tinklo padaliniø 109 ðalyse bendra DB (http://www.leoburnett.com) po 2002 m. áëjo á Publicis Groupe (jos adresas www. publicis.com): Antros didþiausios pasaulio masiniø komunikacijø grupës ir ketvirtos pasaulio komunikacijø bendroviø grupës sudëtá (þr. meniu):

Pacte Mondial Fonds Mondial Navigation principale Pro Bono Groupe Activités Le groupe en bref Publicité Position du groupe Conseil et Achat média Présence Internationale SAMS – Services marketing Implantation géographique Publicisdrugstore Management Agences Le Directoire Annuaires des agences Le Conseil de Surveillance Carrières Les Comités L’Esprit Publicis Groupe Valeurs & Messages Pourquoi nous rejoindre Les valeurs du Groupe Comment nous rejoindre Message d’E. Badinther Investisseurs Entretien avec M. Lévy Site Relations Investisseurs Historique Press Room Historique Publicis Communiqués de presse Responsabilité sociale Archives Introduction Rapports annuels Principes Rapports annuels

Ðios DB svetainë pateikia naudingø patarimø plaèiausiais rinkodaros vadybos, prekiø rûðiø (brend) reklamos ir kitais klausimais, atskleidþia þinomø firmos klientø (Visa, Morgan Stanley, Mackdonalds, Fiat, Disney, Kraft Foods ir kt.) sàsajø su teiktomis rekomendacijomis pobûdá – verslo idëjos plëtojimà ir firmos þenklo populiarinimà, interaktyvios rinkodaros skatinimà, ateities plëtros pagrindimà ir t. t. Tinkle veikia specializuotos informacinës bazës:

203 • Arc worldwide (http://www.arcww.com/). Jos 35 ðalyse siûlo skaitmeninius sprendimo bûdus, apimanèius strategijà, Web puslapiø trimatá dizainà ir populiarinimà, tiesioginá marketingà (online), þiniasklaidà, infrastruktûros plëtojimà (http://www.arcww.com); • Labgroup yra pasaulinës konsultantø komandos, kuri specializuojasi dideliø korporacijø plëtros ir jø planavimo (strategijos, produktø ir verslo augimo skatinimo, etc.) srityje, puslapiai (http://www.labgroup.com). • Ad-success firma (www.ad-success.com) turi nedidelá rinkodaros ryðiø agentûrø tinklà (Marketing Communications Agency Network, http:// www. mcan.com/) ir vadinamàjá Antrojo vëjo agentûrø tinklà (http://www. secondwindnet work.com), kurie taip pat sëkmingai plëtoja modernias marketingo strategijas ir technologijas. • Interneto DB http://www.marketing4technology yra tarptautinio marketingo tinklo svetainë, sustruktûrinta pagal rinkodaros objektø – prekiø ir paslaugø – grupes. Ðiek tiek abejoniø kelia jo atnaujinimas.

204 3. NEKILNOJAMOJO TURTO IR KITOS HIPOTEKOS INFORMACINËS BAZËS IR PASLAUGOS

Nekilnojamojo turto internetines bazes sudaro glaudþiai susijusios ðio turto vadybos, pirmiausia komerciniø paslaugø, DB, padedanèios pirkëjams arba pardavëjams skelbti savo pageidavimus, rasti tarpininkus registruoti bei tikrinti banko kreditams, áraðams turto registruose, mokesèiams tvarkyti, pagalbinëms specializuotoms skaièiuoklëms, operacijø specifikai bei terminijai aiðkinti. Svarbu pabrëþti, kad modernios hipotekos duomenø bazës integruoja erdvines geosistemø priemones, kurios padeda nustatyti skelbiamo parduoti turto geokoordinates ir ið sukaupto palydoviniø nuotraukø archyvo skirtingais masteliais pamatyti aplinkos kraðtovaizdá, gamtinæ ir kità ðio turto aplinkà, jo patrauklumà, aplinkiniø keliø bei aptarnavimo ástaigø tinklà, þemiø derlingumà, numatyti gamtiniø katastrofø rizikà. Ðios paslaugos bei technologijos (pvz., www.esri.com) ypaè svarbios smulkiau planuojant teritorijas ir jø infrastruktûros plëtrà. Registrø ir paieðkos DB: World of Industrial Commercial and Invest- ment Real Estate DB (http://www.iciworld.net) paskirtis – pasaulinës komercinës informacijos apie nekilnojamàjá turtà paieðkos galimybës; naujienas galima uþsiprenumeruoti renkantis dominanèià sritá, þemynus ir veiklos sritis. DB taip pat galima reklamuoti savo bendrovæ: uþ 319 JAV doleriø vieneriems metams. Apþvelgiama maþdaug 19 tûkst. interneto puslapiø ir 110 ðaliø, skirtø nekilnojamojo turto operacijoms; vyrauja JAV ir Kanados adresai; skelbiama, kad jie apima iki 1,5 mln. áraðø, dokumentø kas mënesá, veikia on-line. DB nepateikiami finansiniai sandoriø instrumentai, kiti analitiniai parametrai (pvz., rizikos ir perspektyvos vertinimo), taèiau teikiamos konsultacijos. Svetainë skiriasi nuo finansiniø DB, nes savo pobûdþiu primena skelbimø lentà, o ne analitinæ sistemà, nors teikia galimybæ sudaryti sandorius. • http://www.fsbo-home.com – analogiðka nekilnojamojo turto, daugiausia namø, vertintojø, komerciniø ir gyvenamøjø bûstø pirkëjø, pardavëjø, draudimo duomenø bazë, tiesiogiai susijusi su kitomis Google paieðkos nekilnojamojo turto bazëmis. • International Real Estate Digest (sutr. IRED http://www.ired.com) – turto vertinimo, turto vertintojø (realtoriø), finansiniø ir teisiniø turto sandoriø aspektø, nuomos DB. IRED yra sukaupusi daugiau kaip 25 000 nuorodø á ávairiø su nekilnojamuoju turtu susijusiø organizacijø puslapius 115 valstybiø beveik visose su nekilnojamuoju turtu susijusiose srityse.

205 Iðvedant ataskaità, ðalia organizacijos pavadinimo pateikiama nemaþai klasifikaciniø simboliø, kurie rodo, kokià veiklà vykdo ta arba kita organizacija. DB laisvai prieinama visiems vartotojams, galima prenumeruotis ávairias atitinkamø rinkø naujienas. IRED turi iðplëstiná meniu; savo nuorodas ji klasifikuoja pagal funkcines sritis:

Tax–Free Exchange Directories Property Lists–National 50 Plus Housing Environment Property Lists–Regional Agency, & True Agents Environmental News Property Management Agriculture Feng Shui Property Tax Services Apartments Finance & Mortgages Ratings FAQs Appraisers For Sale By Owner Relocation Architects & Designers Foreclosures Repair & Home Improvement Attitude! (News) Global Listings Resort & Vacation Auctions/Auctioneers Golf Properties Retirement Living Banks Government Roommate Finders Bed and Breakfasts Home on the WEB Site Selection Bookstore Inspections Surveyors Building, Alternative Insurance Tenants&Landlords Building Resources International Timeshares Builder Assns. Intl Choose a Country Title & Escrow Builders Investments Tools Buyer’s Corner Law & Legal USA by State Buyer Support Service Manufactured Housing Warranties Consultants Mortgage Companies Corporate Housing Movers Developers Notebuyers

• RentNet (http://www.rentnet.com/, http://www.realtor.com) – realiame laike veikiantys interneto þinynai ir DB, skirti vartotojams, norintiems pirkti, parduoti, keisti, uþstatyti nekilnojamàjá turtà. Jie taip pat teikia informacijà apie kreditavimà ir padëtá rinkose. Ðios svetainës priklauso JAV nekilnojamojo turto vertintojø asociacijai, tad pateikia ir jiems aktualias ðio turto konjunktûros ir sandoriø sàlygø pasikeitimø naujienas. Potencialûs klientai gali susisiekti su firma, partneriais, reklamos uþsakovais. Pateikiamos finansinës skaièiuoklës (persikëlimo sànaudø, turto ávertinimo ir pan.), straipsniai apie tai, kaip nustatyti parduodamo turto kainà, nekilnojamojo turto terminø þodynas. Glaustas plataus profilio nekilnojamojo turto informaciniø DB þinynas yra Yahoo serveryje (http://realestate.yahoo.com), kuriame galima rasti informacijà apie bûsto sandorius, nuomà, kreditus ir draudimà bei kitø rei-

206 kiamø operacijø adresus. Ðioje DB yra ir galimybë susisiekti su nekilnojamojo turto srityje dirbanèiais specialistais: pardavimo agentais, kredito specialistais, perveþimo firmomis. Galima prenumeruoti informacijà elektroniniu paðtu apie dominanèioje vietoje naujai atsirandanèius nekilnojamojo turto objektus, parduotus objektus ir jø kainas arba tiesiog gauti nekilnojamojo turto rinkos analizes. Paieðkos kriterijø sritys:

Home Search Financial Tools Find Homes for Sale Home Financing Options Find Properties for Rent Mortgage Rates Payment Calculator Rent vs. Own Calculator REALTORS® Amortization Calculator Credit Reports Find & Compare REALTORS® Classifieds Libraries Sell Your Home Seller’s Library Rent Your Apartment Home Improvement Library Renter’s Library Resources Mover’s Library Moving Services Foreclosures Library Foreclosure Center House Facts

Neighborhood Research Home Improvement & What’s My Home Worth? Services School Profiles Home Services Neighborhood Profiles Home Improvement Library House Facts

• Commercial Property Database (http://www.cpd.co.uk/homepage) yra platesnio profilio populiari DB, teikianti ir nekilnojamojo turto operacijø, finansø ir teisës konsultacijø informacijà ið 1300 komerciniø Didþiosios Britanijos agentûrø. Ávairios informacijos apie nekilnojamàjá turtà galima rasti internetinëje DB, http://www.kaktus.com/index.html, kurioje yra ir þe- mës sandoriø duomenø bei kita rinkos informacija, susijusi ne tik su turto ásigijimu, bet ir jo áranga, tvarkymu, dokumentacija, terminynais ir skai- èiuoklëmis. Paieðkos meniu pateikiamos toliau:

207 Resources Real Estate Forms Directory Lease and Rental Agreements Directory Commercial – Rental or Lease Agreement Residential – Rental or Lease Agreement Residential Lease Option to Purchase Contract for Deed Installment Contract Land Contract Simple Offer To Purchase Real Estate Land Purchase Contract Residential Purchase Agreement – 6 page Kit Quitclaim Deed Notice to Vacate Contrato de Arrendamiento o Alquiler Sinopsis del Contrato de Arrendamiento / Alquiler Cómo se guarda una página cualquiera de Internet en la computadora Copiar y Pegar Formularios para Bienes Raíces – Preguntas y Respuestas Tax Forms Federal Revenue Tax Forms State Revenue Tax Forms Lead Disclosure Forms – Real Estate Forms Information Pamphlet – Text Format Lead Paint Sales Disclosure Form – Text Format Lead Paint Sales Disclosure Form – PDF Format Lead Paint Rental/Lease Disclosure Form – Text Format Lead Paint Rental/Lease Disclosure Form – PDF Format Real Estate How to and Help Copy and Paste – Learn how to Copy and Paste Help – Questions and Answers How to save any page on the internet to your computer Why do I need to Flush my Browser’s Memory Kaktus Productions Privacy Statement Our Secure Certificate Real Estate Terms – Glossary Password Search – Send My “Secret Online Address” Contact us – Feedback Affiliate Join Page – Free and Low Cost Real Estate Forms Sign Up Affiliate Program Information Affiliates Operating Agreement Real Estate Referrals – Offices – Brokers – Agents

208 Free Sign up – Add Your Name or Office View the Real Estate Referral Listings Login here Search all of the Real Estate Agents or Offices Mostviewed Real Estate Offices or Agents Real Estate Advertising: Free Classified Ads View – Real Estate Classified Ads Register FREE – Place Your Real Estate Listing or AD Companies, Products, Services related to Real Estate View the Latest Real Estate related Resources Register FREE – Post Your Real Estate related Business Links Directory Pages – Not Real Estate Book Links Business Links Marketing Links Computer Links Miscellaneous Links Education Links Personal Links Entertainment Links Recreation Links Forms Links Resources Links Government Links Services Links Health Links Software Links Hobbies Links Supplies Links Special Areas

• Informacijà apie komercinio pobûdþio nekilnojamojo turto rinkas ir konjunktûrà pateikia interneto svetainë http://www.cityfeet.com, kuri teikia ir brokeriø paslaugas ðioje srityje. • REALIS (https://spring.ura.gov.sg/lad/ore/login/index.cfm; informa- cinë nekilnojamojo turto DB prie Singapûro miesto atnaujinimo þinybos; prenumeruojama; yra terminø þodynëlis. • http://trading.wmn.com – uþdaroje investiciniø sandoriø svetainëje galima rasti nuorodø á interneto puslapius nekilnojamojo turto verslo, inves- ticijø ir kitais klausimais. • http://www.taxlawyers.com.au/TableOfContents.htm – Bret Davies turto ir mokesèiø teisinës informacijos DB; yra teisës aktø ir kitø dokumentø pavyzdþiø pdf formatu, mokomosios informacijos apie turto vadybà, investicinius fondus, verslo planavimà, testamentus; • http://www.wealthkeepers.com – populiari turto vadybos finansiniø ir draudimo paslaugø svetainë; turto mokesèiø, paveldëjimø ir kita informacija, skaièiuoklës.

209 Nekilnojamojo turto svetainës akivaizdþiai gali bûti skirstomos á inves- ticiniø verslo sandoriø DB (su analitinëmis priemonëmis, rentos ir hipotekos informacija) ir á DB, skirtas pirkti, parduoti ir nuomoti bûstus. Internete daugiausia dëmesio skirta antrojo tipo DB, taèiau kaip pavyzdá, palyginti su Lietuvos nekilnojamojo turto bendroviø internetinëmis DB (www.inreal.lt; http://www.ober–haus.lt/pages.php), pateiksime dviejø dideliø JAV bûsto pardavimo bendroviø adresus: http://www.rentnet.com/apartments/ home.jhtml ir http://www.realtor.com. Esmingesniø vienø ir kitø DB skirtumø nëra, be jø dydþiø (JAV pirmoji DB skelbia paieðkos galimybes maþdaug 4 mln. bûstø, antroji – 2 mln.) ir to, kad JAV abi DB skelbia daugiau nuorodø á konsultacines bei finansines paslaugas. Ðios JAV DB turi sàsajø ir su Nacionalinës realtoriø (nekilnojamojo turto specialistø) asociacijos (http:// www.iami.org/narea.html) informacija apie tendencijas bûsto rinkose ir sandoriø reglamento pasikeitimus, padeda pasirinkti agentus, tarpininkus. • Internetinë DB http://www.exchanging.com siûlo tarpininkauti bûsto perpardavëjams pasinaudojant ið karto JAV leidþiamomis mokestinëmis nuolaidomis. • JAV (turto) vertinimo instituto svetainëje – http://www.appraisalinstitute. org – siûlomi profesiniø vertinimo paslaugø tinklalapiai, komercinës vertinimo DB (www.mandsconnect.com), turto vertinimo iðsamûs ir labai pagrásti visø sandoriø procedûrø standartai, nuomos ir ákainojimo sàlygos (http://www.appraisalinstitute.org/resources/downloads/Appraisal_Institute_ Commercial_Data_Standards.pdf, 118 p.) bei kriterijø sistemos. Dalis informacijos teikiama tik registruotiems vartotojams, dalis skirta darbo pasiû- lymams realtoriams ir naujai metodinei informacijai. • JAV Nacionalinës turto vertintojø (appraisers) asociacijos interneto puslapiai (angl. sutr. NAREA, http://www.iami.org/narea.html) daugiausia prieinami tik registruotiems vartotojams; juose galima rasti informacijos apie turto vertintojus, bendrø vertinimo standartø praktikà ir pan. Fede- ralinës finansiniø institucijø egzaminø tarybos (turto) vertintojø pakomiteèio puslapiuose (http://www.asc.gov) skelbiami informacijos standartø bei nuostatø elektroniniai adresai (http://www.asc.gov/FileListDefault.aspx?id= 73, dalis pdf formatu); yra sàsajø su vyriausybës remiamomis ir hipotekos institucijomis – Fannie Mae ir Freddie Mac.

210 JAV Federalinës nacionalinës hipotekos asociacijos (Federal National Mortgage Association, ðnek. Fannie Mae) svetainë http://www.fanniemae.com/ sitemap/index.jhtml? (5 kalbomis) teikia internetinæ informacijà apie hipotekos vertybiniø popieriø rinkø padëtá, jø emisijà, paskolas ir kitais klausimais, susijusiais su bûsto rinkomis, investuotojais, bûstø pirkëjais ir savinin- kais. Paieðkos meniu pateikiamas toliau:

About Fannie Mae Investor Relations Understanding Fannie Mae Current Stock Information Executives SEC Filings The Industry Annual Reports & Proxy Contract & Procurements Statements Corporate Responsibility Quarterly Reports & Earnings Awards & Achievements Monthly Summary Loan Limits Business Activity Supplements Employee Code of Business Conduct Investor FAQ Corporate Governance Investor Resources Corporate Governance Guidelines Current Issues Board of Directors Speeches Board Committees Direct Investment Current Issues E. mail Subscription Bylaws Contact Investor Relations Codes of Ethics

Federalinës bûsto paskolø hipotekos korporacijos (Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, ðnek. Fannie Mae,) svetainë: http://www. freddiemac. com (anglø ir ispanø kalba) informuoja apie hipotekos vertybiniø popieriø investicines rinkas ir jos leidþiamø tokiø vertybiniø popieriø kotiruotes, teikia informacijà bûstø pirkëjams irsavininkams. Paieðkos meniu (...corporate/about/sitemap.html) pateikiamas toliau:

Single-Family · Doing MF Business with Freddie Mac · Single Family Home · Product Information · Underwrite and Process Loans · Affordable Rental Housing · Sell and Deliver Loans · Multifamily News · Mortgage Products · Guide Forms and Documents · Service Loans · Multifamily REOs · Account Management · Contact Us · Forms and the Guide Debt Securities · Training and Education · Debt Securities Home Multifamily Home · Debt Securities Data · Multifamily Seller/Servicers · Debt Products

211 · Debt Funding Plans Investor Relations · Securities Auctions · Investor Relations Home · Repurchases, Exchanges and Tender Offers · Common and Preferred Stock · Debt News Releases · Corporate Financials · Research Publications · Corporate Governance · Legal Documentation · Securities Trading Information · Contact Information · Investor News & Events Mortgage Securities · Investor Resources · Mortgage Securities Home · Contact Information · Security Lookup Carrers · Security Data · Careers Home · Mortgage Products · Job Search · Mortgage Securities News · Compensation · Research Publications · Employee Benefits · Legal Documentation · Career Development · Information Requests · Diversity · Contact Information · Work Environment Vendors and Suppliers · College Recruiting · Vendors and Suppliers Home Preparing for Homeownership · Vendor Information Questionnaire · Is Homeownership Right for You? About Us · Credit and Homeownership · About Us Home All About Mortgages · Who We Are · What is a Mortgage? · What We Do · Selecting a Mortgage · How We Help · Working with Lenders · Where to Reach Us · Applying for a Mortgage Public Policy Purchasing a Home · Public Policy Home · House Hunting · GSE Mortgage Portfolios · Making an Offer · Affordable Housing Mission · Closing on a Home · New Program Approval Owning and Keeping a Home · GSE Capital Requirements · Owning and Keeping a Home · Guarantee Business · Moving · Independent Regulator · Remodeling · Frequently Asked Questions · Refinancing · Subscribe to Public Policy E. mail Updates · Avoiding Foreclosure News and Information Calculators and Tools · News and Information Home · Calculators · Corporate Statistics · Worksheets · Officer Biographies · Glossary · Speeches and Statements · Additional Resources · Economic and Housing Research Properties for Sale · Industry Reports and Publications · Properties for Sale Home · Primary Mortgage Market Survey · HomeSteps · News Release Archives · Recursos en Espanol

212 • http://www.revalinc.com/content.aspx (Reval Inc.), http://www.cre.org ir http://jwhappraisal.com (tvarko J. Held) – nekilnojamojo turto vertinimo ir konsultacijø interneto svetainës, siûlanèios hipotekos, jos refinansavimo ir draudimo, turto vadybos, rezidentinio, komercinio bûsto vertinimo ir panaðias paslaugas. • Kredito bûstui ásigyti kai kurios svetainës siûlo paslaugas nustatant já teikianèios ástaigos kreditingumà ir galimà kredito ðaltinio rizikà ákeièiant nekilnojamàjá turtà (plg. http://www.creditinfocenter.com/creditreports/scoring/crscore.shtml). • http://www.lib.lsu.edu/bus/finance.html – Luizianos universiteto finansø, nekilnojamojo turto, birþø, valiutø ir iðvestiniø finansiniø indeksø operacijø ir bankininkystës teminiø interneto nuorodø abëcëlinë svetainë. • Investicijø á nekilnojamà turtà svetainæ atidarë REAL Estate In- vestors Club (http://reiclub.com). Joje daugiausia dëmesio skirta keitimuisi nuomonëmis, informacijos ðaltiniams, investavimo þodynëliui ir santrum- poms. Kai kurios informacinës nekilnojamojo turto DB savo tinklalapiuose teikia nuorodas á specializuotas sandoriø ir finansiniø sprendimø priemones. Tai paskolø palûkanø ir hipotekos skaièiuoklës, draudimo ir kitos teisinës sàlygos (pvz., http://www. nwbuildnet.com/stores/bm/calc; http://real–estate. forms.us/payment.html; http://real–estate. forms.us/amort.html).

Turto ir verslo vertinimo standartai, programos, terminai

Greta tarptautiniais (pasaulio ir Europos) standartais paremtø turto ir verslo vertinimo sistemø lieka galioti normatyviniai vertës nustatymo metodai ir þinybinës sistemos. 1999–2002 m. Tarptautinis vertinimo standartø komitetas (International Valuation Standards Commit- tee, http://www.ivsc.org), jungiantis maþdaug 50 pasaulio ðaliø turto ir verslo vertinimo organizacijø, parengë naujà turto ir verslo vertinimo standartø ir jø terminø sàvadà (svetainë anglø ir ispanø kalbomis). Be to, Europos turto vertintojø asociacijø grupë TEGoVA skelbia at- naujintus standartus, kuriuose taip pat atsiþvelgta á Tarptautinius apskaitos standartus (2005, www.tegova.org). TEGoVA jungia 43 turto ir verslo vertintojø asociacijas 27 Europos ðalyse, apimanèias maþdaug 100 tûkstanèiø ágaliotøjø vertintojø.

213 Kai kuriuos reikðmingus apskaitos tobulinimo normatyvinius dokumentus parengë ir Tarptautinë apskaitininkø asociacija (http://www.ifac. org): audito, draudimo, kokybës kontrolës, informaciniø apskaitos technologijø, vieðosios sàskaitybos, paskaitininkø apmokymo ir kvalifikacijø suteikimo, profesinës etikos ir kitose srityse (beveik visi ðie standartai ir kiti dokumentai yra mokami, internetinë prieiga ribojama). Ið turto ir verslo vertinimo terminø þodynø ir informacinës aplinkos sàvadø, kuriø galime rasti prie visø didþiøjø nekilnojamojo turto bendroviø DB, iðvardysime ðiuos: • http://www.licenserenewal.com/escrow_glosslist.asp? – Kalifornijos nekilnojamojo turto koledþo nekilnojamojo turto teisiniø terminø aiðkina- masis interneto þodynëlis anglø kalba. • http://tradition.axone.ch/Term.cfm? – Axone Services and Development SA 5000 finansiniø terminø enciklopedijos 4 kalbomis (anglø, prancûzø, vokieèiø, italø) atvirai prieinama interneto svetainë. Terminai, neskaitant tarptautiniø finansiniø reikðmiø, kiekviena kalba teikiami atskirai, todël enciklopedija kiekviena kalba nëra vien terminø reikðmiø verèiamasis þodynas. • http://daytona4homes.mp2.homes.com/content/articles/glossary_ a.html – aiðkinamasis hipotekos þodynëlis; • http://www.texasbest.com/real_estate_info/REglossary.html#S; http:/ /www.investorwords.com – platesnës finansiniø terminø bazës turto sàvokø aiðkinimu; • http://houseandhome.msn.com/help/glossary.aspx; http://home advisor.msn.com/help/glossary.asp – geras aiðkinamasis turto terminø þodynas; • http://www.prou.net/utilities/glossary/glossary02.html#c – turto verslo ir vertinimo þodynëlis; • http://www.valuationresources.com – platesnis turto vertinimo portalas; • http://www.buyersresource.com/Glossary/.html – uþdara, prenumeratoriams, skirta turto terminø DB; • http://www.homeglossary.com/c1.htm – namø ûkiams skirtas populiarus turto terminø þodynëlis; • http://cnnfn.cnn.com/resources/glossary – glaustas online aiðkina- masis finansø ir hipotekos þodynëlis. Nekilnojamojo turto operacijoms bûtinos programinës árangos DB Real Estate Software Catalog® pateikiama adresu http://www.z–law.com. Jos meniu yra maþdaug 100 srièiø, susijusiø su ðiomis operacijomis, pozicijø. Svarbiausiø terminø þodynëliø rasime bet kurioje iðsamesnëje DB (pvz., http://real–estate. forms.us/terms.html), taèiau standartus ir terminus daþniausiai teikia tik tarptautiniø nekilnojamojo turto vertintojø asociacijos savo tinklalapiuose.

214 4. INTELEKTINËS NUOSAVYBËS IR ÞINIØ VISUOMENËS DB

Pagrindinës internetiniø intelektinës nuosavybës duomenø bazës skirtos ðiai nuosavybei vertinti, iðmatuoti ir teisinei gynybai uþtikrinti, daþniausiai atskirai apibûdinant þmogiðkojo kapitalo, organizacinio ir sàryðiø kapitalo sudedamàsias. Ðie klausimai tiesiogiai siejasi su þiniø visuomenës plëtros strategijos ir taktikos problemomis, todël tai atsispindi ir interneto DB paieðkø kriterijuose (plg. verslo technologijø ir þiniø vadybos bendrovës Brint Institute tinklalapius adresu: www.brint.org ir kt.). Pirmiausia patikslinsime intelektinio kapitalo sàvokà pagal labiausiai ðiuo metu paplitusià interpretacijà:

The Knowledge Creating Companytm pretenduoja á vieno ið svarbiausiø pasaulinio verslo technologijø ir þiniø vadybos centro vietà, nors svetainëje iðvardijami faktai vargu ar yra tinkamas tam pagrindas (http://www.brint.com/ new.htm). Þiniø visuomenës strateginiai pagrindai remiasi socialinës plëtros problemø ir jø sprendimo strategijø bei iðtekliø joms ágyvendinti klasifikacine sistema. Pastarøjø iðplëtotà internetinæ versijà savo tinklalapiuose pateikia Tarptautiniø asociacijø sàjunga, parengusi trijø tomø Pasaulio problemø ir þmogiðkøjø iðtekliø enciklopedijà (http://www.uia.org/encyclopedia/pub.php; .../ volall.php pateikiamos demo versijos, apibendrinanèios maþdaug 20 tûkst. psl. tarptautiniø institucijø dokumentø ir 158 tûkst. kryþminiø sàsajø tais klausimais).

215 Prie strateginiø þiniø visuomenës plëtros internetiniø adresø priskirtinas e-Europe portalas. Jame apibûdinama plëtros strategija valdymo vyriausybiniø instancijø, e. ðvietimo, e. verslo, e. sveikatingumo ir e. integracijos visais lygmenimis. Iniciatyvos e-Europe sëkmë priklauso ne tik nuo bendrøjø Europos institucijø, bet ir nuo visø ES nariø nacionaliniø, regioniniø ir municipaliniø valdymo organø, nuo verslo bendroviø (þr. http:/ /europa.eu.int/information_society/eeurope/2005/index_en.htm). Iðskirti e- Europe+ tinklalapiai, skirti naujø ðaliø nariø iniciatyvoms informacinei visuomenei plëtoti (http://europa.eu.int/information_society/eeurope/plus/ index_en.htm). Teminiai 2005 m. portalai pateikiami adresu http:// europa.eu.int/information_society/eeurope/2005/index_en.htm. Èia iðskirti internetiniai ES intelektiniø iðtekliø puslapiai skirti apibûdinti laimëjimus iki 2005 m. ir perspektyvinius ateinanèiam etapo iki 2010 m. uþdavinius, keliamus kultûrai ir visuomenei, ekonomikai ir darbui, ðvietimui ir kvalifi- kacijoms, gyvenimo kokybei, regioninei plëtrai, paslaugø industrijai, tyrimams ir publikacijoms, vadinamøjø intelektiniø skaitmeniniø teisiø vadybos dokumentams ir apsaugai, darbo pasitarimams ir reglamentams pateikti (Digital Rights Management Systems, DRMs; dar þr. ES interneto informa- cinës svetainës adresà http://europa.eu.int/information_society/eeurope/2005 /all_about/digital_rights_man/index_en.htm).

216 Ið prioritetiniø ES þiniø visuomenës strateginës plëtros DB paþymë- tinos gairës 2010 metams adresu http://europa.eu.int/information_society/ eeurope/i2010/index_en.htm, skelbiamos trimis pagrindinëmis ES kalbomis. Lisabonos strategijos pagrindai iðdëstyti atskiruose tinklalapiuose tomis paèiomis kalbomis: http://europa.eu.int/.../i2010/lisbon/index_en.htm. Èia pateikiama ES þiniø visuomenës ir intelektiniø iðtekliø plëtros programiniø tiksliniø sàsajø schema, pagal kurià organizuoti ir perspektyviniø interneto puslapiø ir DB loginiai ryðiai. E. verslo plëtrai bûtini esamø teisës aktø papildymai, kurie uþtikrintø normalios ûkinës veiklos ðioje specifinëje aplinkoje teisiná pripaþinimà, elektroninës formos nediskriminaciná taikymà. Tokie bûtini teisiniai elementai turi bûti ávesti jau pradëjus ágyvendinti e-Europe strategijà (elektroninio paraðo funkcionavimas, daugiafunkciniø tapatybës ir banko korteliø naudojimo standartai, elektroniniø dokumentø funkcionavimas, elektroniniai sandoriai ir atsiskaitymai, elektroniniø prekiø srautø ir paslaugø áteisinimas, sàsajos su mokesèiais áprastiniame versle, tarptautiniø transakcijø atlikimas, intelektinës nuosavybës pardavimas virtualioje aplinkoje ir pan.). Turi bûti stebimas ðiø naujøjø elementø veikimas funkcionuojanèioje reguliavimo sistemoje, laipsniðkai ðalinant kliûtis, prieðtaravimus ir kitas neefektyvias normas, trukdanèias e. verslo, o kartu ir verslo apskritai plëtrai, ir siekiant uþtikrinti pagrindinius teisinius principus (technologinio neutralumo, saugumo, tarptautinio pripaþinimo, savire- guliacijos skatinimo, sutarèiø laisvës, minimalaus kiðimosi, teisinio aiðkumo ir nuspëjamumo, autoriø ir kitø intelektinës nuosavybës teisës subjektø apsaugos, asmens duomenø ir vartotojø teisiø apsaugos bei kiti principai). Iðplëtoti Lisabonos strategijai keliami uþdaviniai nuðviesti tinklalapyje http:/ /www.cordis.lu/guidance/thematic_i ndex.htm: • Europos tyrimø ir inovacijø erdvës sukûrimas; • Inovacinio verslo, ypaè smulkiø ir vidutiniø ámoniø, steigimui ir plëtrai palankios aplinkos kûrimas; • Ekonominës reformos, skirtos baigti kurti veikianèià vidaus rinkà; • Efektyvios ir integruotos finansinës rinkos; • Makroekonominës augimo politikos koordinavimas: fiskalinis konsolidavimas, vieðøjø finansø kokybë ir gyvybingumas, uþimtumas ir t. t. (þr. http://europa.eu.int/growthandjobs/ index_en.htm).

217 Inovaciniø technologijø diegimo ES strategijos remiasi tarptautinëmis ES mokslo tyrimø kooperavimo programomis FP 6 (2002–2006 m.) ir FP 7 (2007–2012 m.), kuriomis siekiama uþtikrinti naujø technologijø ir jas die- gianèio verslo Europoje konkurencingumà pasaulyje, þr. interneto puslapius: http://www.cordis.lu/en/sitemap.htm; http://www.cordis.lu/innovation/en/ policy/cip.htm. Tarptautiniu mastu intelektiniø iðtekliø ir informaciniø technologijø plëtros revoliuciniai aspektai, kaip sudedamieji globalizacijos procesai, vis daþniau nagrinëjami netgi tarptautiniø organizacijø tinklalapiuose, tarptau- tinëse konferencijose ir interneto diskusijø puslapiuose. Juose bandoma nustatyti balansavimo tarp trumpalaikiø ir ilgalaikiø plëtros tikslø alterna- tyvûs scenarijai, G–7 interesø sàsajos, ið to kylantys uþdaviniai Pasaulio prekybos organizacijai ir pasaulio politiniams centrams (þr., pvz., Informa- tion Technology Revolution / IMF World Economic Outlook, Oct.;.http:// www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2001/02/index.htm). Dar keletas ádomesniø intelektiniø iðtekliø ir informaciniø technologijø interneto puslapiø: • http://www.intellectual.com – Gerber, Ritchey & O’Banion LLP firmos intelektinës nuosavybës teisinës apsaugos DB. Ði firma teikia paslaugas, susijusias su intelektine nuosavybe: patentø, prekiø þenklø registravimas, autoriniø teisiø áforminimas ir apsauga ir t. t. Pateikiamos nuorodos á JAV, Europos ir kitø ðaliø patentø, prekiø þenklø ir autoriniø teisiø duomenø baziø; • http://www.trademarks.com; http://www.trademark.com – Corporate Intelligence DB; patentø nuo 1974 metø ir prekiø þenklø nuo 1884 (!) m. paieðkos on-line. Mokama paieðka padeda gauti visà informacijà apie paten- tà, grafikus, pieðinius ir t. t. uþ 50 JAV doleriø per mënesá, o nemokama – tik visà arba daliná patento apraðà. Prekiø þenklø paieðka mokama – 35 JAV doleriai uþ 12 darbo valandø; • http://www.patents.com/resource.sht – intelektinës nuosavybës ðaltiniø internete ið viso pasaulio direktorija; • http://www.copyright.com – (Autoriø teisiø centro Copyrights Clear- ance Center) puslapis, teikiantis informacijà apie paslaugas autoriniø teisiø srityje. Tvarko visas teisines operacijas, susijusias su autoriniø teisiø iðdavimu, jø apsauga ir kt.; veda 1,75 mln. bylø registrà, atstovauja per 9 600 leidëjø; aptarnauja 9000 korporacijø ir jø padaliniø. Paieðkos meniu kriterijai:

218 Content Users Integration Partners · Academic Use · Permissions Gateway Overview of Academic Services · Permissions Direct Business Use · Partners Overview of Business Services About Us · Service Providers · Corporate Overview Overview of Service Provider Services · News Room · Log in · Events Calendar · Find Title · Careers · Manage Account · Directions Rightsholders · Contact Us · Publishers Copyright Education Licensing Services · Copyright FAQs Point–of–content Licensing · Tools & Guidelines Update Titles and Prices · Our Newsletters Authors · Articles & Reports Licensing Services · Register a Copyright Beyond the Book · Useful Links · Verify a Title Help · Find Title · Grant Permission Online

Tarptautinës duomenø grupës (hrt’l Data Group, IDG) rinkodaros inovaciniø technologijø diegimo ir konsultacijø firmos (jos padaliniuose 40 ðaliø dirba 775 specialistai) tinklalapiuose siûloma maþdaug 500 vadybos, specialios programinës árangos, saugumo, muitø konsultacijø ir kitø intelektiniø iðtekliø specializuotø paslaugø rûðiø (http://www.idc.com/ prodserv/subservices.jsp). Bendra grupës apyvarta 2005 m. sudarë 2,68 mlrd. JAV doleriø, joje dirbo 13,6 tûkst. specialistø, jos 120 mln. pirkëjø buvo 85 ðalyse (idg.com). Á globaliø verslo intelektiniø iðtekliø analizës lyderius pretenduoja firma Economist Intelligence Unit, kuri nuolat analizuoja ir numato procesus ðiais ir su þiniø visuomene susijusiais aspektais 200 pasaulio ðaliø ir 8 svarbiausiose ekonominës veiklos srityse (þr. jos svetainæ adresu: http://www.eiu.com). Jos puslapiai strateginës ir rizikos analizës, ðaliø rizikos, 60 ðaliø prognoziø, gyvenimo lygiø, finansø rinkos rodikliø ir situacijos vertinimo, prekiø rinkø ir kitø elektroniniø konsultaciniø paslaugø DB internete yra mokamos.

219 Intelektinës nuosavybës apsauga

Dauguma autorinës teisës normø vienodai taikytinos ir literatûros, ir meno kûriniams, o kartu jos tinka ir kompiuterinëms programoms kaip kûrybinës (intelektinës) veiklos rezultatams. Esant didelei kompiuteriniø programø ir joms priskirtinø elementø ávairovei (kompiuterinës programos, jø kopijavimo, vartotojo aplinkos, monitoriaus vaizdai, programø struktûra, operacinës sistemos, programavimo kalbos, programinës priemonës apeiti kompiuteriniø programø kopijavimo apsaugas, duomenø bazës, kompiuteriniø programø iðgaunamos garsinës ir vaizdinës iðraiðkos), skiriasi ir autorinës teisës taikymo mastas bei formos, taip pat jø apsaugos normos. Kompiuterinës programos, kaip autorinës teisës objektas, saugomos autorinës teisës normø tik tada, kai yra originaliai sukurtos ir iðreikðtos tam tikra kalba ir pavidalu, áskaitant pradiná tekstà ir objektiná kodà. Programinei árangai apsaugà gali garantuoti ir autorinë teisë, ir patentø teisë. Visapusiðka intelektinës nuosavybës apsaugos informacija internete pateikiama Lexis-Nexis (http://www.lawyers.com/lawyers/P~B~Intellectual +Property~LDC.html) ir Kornelio universiteto Teisinës informacijos institu- to svetainëse. Jose yra intelektinës nuosavybës apsaugos konvencijø teisës aktø, sutarèiø ir kitø dokumentø internetinë DB puslapiø, skirtø autorinei teisei, patentams, prekiø þenklams, nesàþiningai konkurencijai ir vieðumo teisei: http://straylight.law.cornell.edu/topics/copyright.html. • http://www.eisil.org/ – gera Amerikos tarptautinës teisës bendrijos (American Society of International Law, sutr. ASIL svetainë, kurioje pateikiama ekonominiø ir autoriniø teisiø apsaugos dokumentø pdf formatu internetinë DB, þr. jos meniu:

PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW Asia & the Pacific Sustainable Development Europe Trade & Environment Western Hemisphere Armed Conflict & the Environment International Development Law Finance & Banking Regional INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC LAW Global Basic Sources Regulation of Foreign Investment International Trade Law Intellectual Property Rights GATT/WTO System Competition (Antitrust) International Financial Law Electronic Commerce Wills, Trusts & Estates Labor Regional Economic Integration International Arbitration Africa Transnational Corporations

220 • http://www.e-conomy.it/index.asp – tinklalapis, skirtas informacinei ir vadinamajai e. ekonomikai (e-economy), t. y. elektroninei ekonominiø procesø þiniø visuomenëje sistemai (ir jos analizei); svetainës prieduose (http://www.j-bradford-delong.net) pateikiama e. verslo, e. prekybos, e. pas- laugø, e. rinkodaros, e. vadybos ir panaðioms duomenø bazëms skirta svetainë italø kalba.

Prekiø ir prekiø bei firmos þenklø informacinës bazës internete

Prekiø þenklø ir autoriniø teisiø DB glaudþiai susijusios su technolo- giniø naujoviø patentø DB. • Yahoo intelektinei nuosavybei skiria visà direktorijà adresu http:// dir.yahoo.com/Government/Law/Intellectual_Property/. Pagrindinë sukaupta informacija – apie teisinius firmø þenklø (http://dir.yahoo.com/.../trademarks), autoriniø teisiø ir kitus aspektus (http://dir.yahoo.com/.../Patents), ðios nuosavybës apsaugos institucines sistemas (http://dir.yahoo.com/.../organizations/), informacijos, interneto produktø ir paslaugø intelektines teises (http://dir.yahoo.com/.../Intellectual_Property/;.../Information_Law/); • Viena prekiø ir firmø suvestiniø pateikiama Mokslo ir technologijø DB adresu http://www.stnwb tinkle (Europoje – stnweb.fizkarbszuhe.de, stnweb.casorg) (þr. 5 priedà); • http://www.marcaria.com – tarptautinë prekiø þenklø ir interneto svetainiø registravimo firma. • nedidelæ patentø, autoriniø teisiø, prekiø þenklø ir kitos intelek- tinës nuosavybës DB internete direktorijà pateikia Martindale universalios svetainës tinklalapis http://www.martindalecenter.com/Reference_4_LitPat. html#PATENTS.

Paminëtinas interneto adresas www.dialogselect.com – viena didþiausiø pasaulyje online verslo, intelektiniø teisiø, kitø informacijos srièiø svetainiø; paieðka daþniausiai mokama. Nuorodos á atskirø srièiø DB, kuriose paieðka mokama: Patentø: visø ðaliø; Europos; JAV; Prancûzijos; Japonijos. Prekiø þenklø: visø ðaliø; Europos; JAV; Kanados. Autoriniø teisiø: JAV.

221 UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADE MARK OFFICE

• http://patents.uspto.gov; http://www.uspto.gov/web/ menu/menu5.html – atvira JAV vyriausybinë patentø ir prekiø þenklø biuro (USPTO) ir jo registro DB, apimanti JAV, Japonijos ir Europos patentø þinybø informacijà Jungtinëse Valstijose. Su ja susijusi bibliografinë intelektinës nuosavybës DB (Patent Bibliographic Database). Tai – nemokama kokybiðka ir iðplëtota ðios JAV tarnybos bibliografiniø ir iðsamiø apraðø on-line paieðka nuo 1976 metø. Yra trys paieðkos bûdai: loginis, rankinis (þmogus pats iðsirenka ið sàraðo) ir pagal patento numerá. Pateikiamos ir iðsamios nuorodos á tarptautiniø ir kitø valstybiø intelektinës nuosavybës organizacijø ir kompiuteriniø DB interneto puslapius (...menu/other.html), specializuotus terminynus. USPTO svetainëje pateikiama vadinamoji XXI a. intelektinës nuosavybës perspektyva 2007–2012 m., numatanti institucijos plëtros kryptis (...web/ offices/com/strat21/stratplan_03feb2003.pdf). Intelektinës nuosavybës apsaugos dokumentø, standartizavimo iniciatyvø, statistikos ir teisiniø procedûrø ir teisiø á intelektinæ nuosavybæ registrø nuorodos pateikiamos adresu http://www.uspto.gov/main/profiles/international.htm. Atkreiptinas dëmesys á iðskirtinius verslo, finansø ir vadybos metodø autorinës apsaugos procedûrø dokumentus, teikiamus nuorodø tinklalapyje .../menu/pbmethod (dalis dokumentø – pdf arba PowerPoint formatais) arba JAV patentø bei prekiø þenklø DB interneto adresu http://www.uspto.gov/ web/menu/busmethp/index.html (iðsamus paieðkos meniu pateiktas ðio leidinio 5 priedo pabaigoje). Su ðia DB taip pat susijæ JAV valstybës departamento remiami intelek- tinës nuosavybës apsaugos apmokymo tinklalapiai: þr. http://www.training. ipr.gov., taip pat tinklalapiai, skirti kovai su intelektinës nuosavybës organi- zuotu piratavimu (STOP – Strategy Targeting Organized Piracy): .../main/profiles/stopfakes.htm. • http://www.ibm.com/ibm/licensing/ – IBM intelektinës nuosavybës ir licencijavimo interneto tinklas. Apima JAV patentus nuo 1974 metø iki ðiø dienø. Vien 2005 metais IBM uþpatentavo maþdaug 3000 intelektiniø produktø JAV patentø biure. Svetainëje galima ieðkoti informacijos Europos patentø biuro (European Patent Office) ir Pasaulio intelektinës nuosavybës biuro (WIPO) DB su patentø apraðais ir iliustracijomis, tik ðios informacijos nebus galima iðspausdinti arba saugoti savo kompiuteryje. Uþ tam tikrà

222 mokestá galima gauti originalø kopijas. Paieðkas galima atlikti pagal patento/ prekës þenklo pavadinimà, frazæ, numerá, loginæ uþklausà ir t. t. • http://www.patentminer.com – Manning and Napier informaciniø paslaugø firmos DB. Nemokama JAV patentø bibliografiniø apraðø paieðka nuo 1970 metø. Galima parsisiøsdinti pdf formato bylø su iðsamiais patentø apraðais be iliustracijø. Uþ mokestá galima gauti iðspausdintø patentø iliustracijø. Yra nuorodø á JAV patentø, teisiniø ir kitø populiariø paslaugø interneto duomenø baziø puslapius. • http://www.european-patent-office.org – Europos patentø biuro svetainë veikia ne tik anglø, bet vokieèiø bei prancûzø kalbomis. Pateikiami Europos valstybiø, kurios turi patentines duomenø bazes, sàraðas ir tø duomenø baziø internetiniai adresai. Kai kurios duomenø bazës mokamos; nemokamø paieðkø adresas – esp@cenet. Paspaudus bet kurià nuorodà, atsidaro paieðkos langas, kurá uþpildæ gausime (jeigu ðiose DB yra tokia informacija) patento santraukà. Kitos paslaugos – naujienos (EPIDOS NEWS online), atnaujinamos kas 3–5 dienos; patentø paraiðkø tvirtinimas; ðios srities advokatø sàraðai, EPB oficialus þurnalas ir kt. Tinklalapio temos bei sàsajos:

Specially promoted microsites Administrative Council Patent Information Website PATLIB 2006 Computer–implemented inventions (CII) IPC Reform MIMOSA EPO microsites Legislative Initiatives in European Patent Law European Patent Academy EPO Annual Report 2004 EPArt Mastering the Workload Trilateral User Conference – 17 November 2005 in Munich Quality in the European Patent System – 21 & 22 November in the Hague epoline ® Annual Conference – 23 & 24 November in Athens “Tag der offenen Tür” in Munich EPO Information Day at the European Parliament Open Day in the Hague – Saturday, 11 March 2006

223 External Relations microsite European and International Affairs at the EPO Africa & Middle. East CARDS Regional IPR Programme Central and Eastern European Countries ECAP II IPR in the Ukraine Symposium on Effective Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights in Turkey

• http://europa.eu.int/information_society – ES informacinës visuome- nës (IS) ir intelektinës nuosavybës apsaugos tinklalapis penkiomis ES kalbomis (anglø, vokieèiø, prancûzø, ispanø ir italø). Tai – Europa 2nd Genera- tion bandomasis projektas, kurio portale svarbiausios septynios temos apie intelektinës plëtros poveiká: 1. ES informaciniø technologijø plëtrai; 2. ES ðaliø ekonomikai ir darbui; 3. ES regioninei ir tarptautinei politikai; 4. Europieèiø gyvenimo kokybei; 5. ES ðvietimui ir apmokymui; 6. ES kultûrai ir visuomenës plëtrai; 7. ES tiriamiesiems darbams.

• http://sunsite.unc.edu/patents/intropat.html – Ðiaurës Karolinos universiteto JAV patentø ir prekiø þenklø paieðkos (Source Translation & Optimization), naudojant temø klasifikacijos kodus, sistema (ypaè e. prekybos, interneto bei informatikos srityse). Turi patentø archyvus, informacijà apie patentavimo sànaudas (http://www.bustpatents.com/). • http://www.qpat.com – Questel-Orbit mokama paieðka JAV nuo 1971 m. ir kitø ðaliø (Japonijos, Rusijos, Kinijos) 60 patentø DB: kainuoja 2245 JAV dolerius per metus arba 220 JAV doleriø per mënesá. Visa kita informacija vartotojams pateikiama pdf formatu. • http://patents.cos.com – JAV patentø paieðkos nuo 1971 m. DB pagal ðalis ir JAV bei tarptautines klasifikacijas, daugiausia tiksliøjø mokslø ir dizaino srityse. • http://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ1.html – JAV Kongreso bibliotekos licencijø ir autoriniø teisiø dokumentø, leidiniø ir patentavimo formø internetinë aiðkinamoji biblioteka anglø ir ispanø kalbomis.

224 • http://Patents1.ic.gc.ca/intro-e.html – Kanados intelektinës nuosa- vybës biuro (Canadian Intellectual Property Office (CIPO) patentø 75 metus DB, apimanti maþdaug 1 300 000 patentø dokumentø. • http://www.patent.com – (Thomson Corp. svetainë); nuo 1998 m. jos padalinys MicroPatent (http://www.micropat.com) pirmasis pasaulyje ëmë skelbti patentø apraðus elektronine forma; archyvas apima JAV áraðus nuo 1836 m. JAV ir Pasaulinës intelektinës nuosavybës organizacijos patentø ir prekiø þenklø registrø DB, apima áraðus nuo 1976; uþ pilnà apraðà reikia mokëti; • http://www.delphion.com – Thomson Delphion firmos intelektinës nuosavybës duomenø paieðkos, Derwent pasaulio patentø indekso ir kitø intelektiniø produktø puslapiø svetainës adresas. • http://www.wipo.int/ipdl/en/index.jsp – skaitmeninë intelektinës nuosavybës ðaltiniø interneto biblioteka, kurioje galima rasti ir nuorodø á svarbiausias tarptautines patentø klasifikacijas – Nicos (prekiø ir paslaugø prekiø þenklø registras), Strasbûro, Lokarno (industrinio dizaino), Madrido (prekiø þenklø), Hagos (pramoninio dizaino), Vienos (prekiø þenklø figûriniø elementø), vyriausybiø bei tarptautiniø organizacijø simboliø registrà ir kt. (http://www.wipo.int/classifications/en/); taip pat intelektinës nuosavybës nacionaliniø ir kitø DB direktorijà (inovacijos, tyrimai, intelektinës nuosavybës teisës ir pan. .../ipstats/en/links), ástatymus ir kità normatyvinæ medþiagà (CLEA - Collection of Laws for Electronics Access, http:// www.wipo.int/clea/en/index_netscape.jsp). • http://www.KnowledgeExpress.com – informacijos apie naujø technologijø licencijas ir autoriniø honorarø teisæ universitetinë DB. • http://www.pl-x.com – intelektinës nuosavybës finansinës ir verslo vadybos (licencijos, patentai, honorarai, kiti autoriniai atlygiai) programinës aplinkos puslapiai. • http://europa.eu.int/ISPO/legal/en/ipr/ipr.html – ES informacinës visuomenës ir intelektinës nuosavybës tinklalapiai su terminø þodynëliu, e. prekybos ir kitomis svetainëmis.

225 • http://cdr.cs.uiuc.edu/ – Ilinojaus universiteto DB ir infor- maciniø technologijø kokybës vertinimo DB (Database and Infor- mation Systems Laboratory, DAIS), jos struktûrinës dalys:

Data integration and schema matching Exploring and integrating the Deep Web Information security and privacy Mining data streams and sequential and semi–structured data OS support for storage systems Text retrieval and mining Bioinformatics Management of scientific data Top–k query processing

• http://www.dialog.com/products/ – minëtoji Thomson Dialog verslo, finansø ir teisës konsultacinë DB, apimanti 800 mln. dokumentø ir áraðø mokslo, intelektinës nuosavybës, vadybos, valstybinio reguliavimo ir technologijø srityse (þr. http://www.dialog.com/.../guide/ip.shtml).

Intelektiniø iðtekliø ir jø efekto matavimo DB

Ðios srities pragmatiðki pritaikymai dar nesulaukë visuotinio pripaþini- mo kaip abejoniø nekelianèios metodikos, taèiau nusipelno iðskirtinio dëme- sio, nes þiniø visuomenës pagrindinis turtas sukuriamas nebe materialiu, o intelektiniu kapitalu. Jo, kaip þiniø visuomenës pagrindo, iðmatavimui nuo revoliucinio F. Machlupo darbo pasirodymo laikø ekonomistai ir statistikai skiria vis daugiau pastangø. Apibendrintà 80 baziniø IT rodikliø sistemà pateikia ir Ekonominio bendradarbiavimo ir plëtros organizacija (EBPO, angl. OECD, pvz., þr. IT statistinio matavimo kriterijø ir standartø aptarimus adresu www.oecd.org/sti/measuring-infoeconomy; t. p. http://www.oecd.org/ sti/ictmetadata). EBPO svetainëje apibendrinama ir nauja patirtis, taikytina norint iðmatuoti apibendrintà globalizacijos poveiká, ávairias intelektinio kapitalo sudedamasias. Iðsamiau ðie svarbûs metodiniai klausimai aptariami 2005 m. EBPO leidinyje Guide to Measuring the Information Society (http:/ /www.oecd.org/dataoecd/41/12/36177203. pdf).

226 Paþymëtina, kad tarptautiniø organizacijø svetainëse IT terminas pastaruoju metu daþnai keièiamas iðsamesniu – ICT (Information and Com- munication Technologies). Siûlymus taikyti vienus arba kitus paþangius intelektinio kapitalo matavimø metodikø komponentus skelbia internete publikacijos, randamos ðiais adresais: • www.business.mcmaster.ca/mktg/nbontis/ic/publications/Bontis IJMR.pdf - Nick Bontis, Assessing Knowledge Assets (intelektinio kapitalo matavimo modeliai), Kanada, 2000; • www.sveiby.com/articles/IntangibleMethods.htm; www.sveiby.com/ articles/EmergingStandard.html - Karl-Erik Sveiby. Methods for Measuring Intangible Assets, 1998; 2004; • www.intcap.com/ICS_Article_ 2000_IC_Mgt_&_Disclosure.pdf - S. Pike, A. Rylander, G. Ross. Intellectual Capital Management and Disclosure. Oxford University Press, New York, 2001; • www.vaic-on.net/downloads/Paper1.pdf - S. Mitchell Williams. Is a company’s intellectual capital performance and intellectual capital disclosure practices related?: Evidence from publicly listed companies from the FTSE 100. University of Calgary, 2000; • http://www.skyrme.com/insights/24kmeas.htm - Measuring Intellec- tual Capital; • http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08012003-62454/unre- stricted/04chapter4.pdf –Measuring Intellectual Capital; • www.fpm.com/script/UK/Jun93/930602.htm – Measuring Intellectual Capital at Skandia Group (FPM) ; • www.vaic-on.net/downloads/IC_EFFL_2003.pdf – Intellectual Capi- tal. Efficiency on National and Company Level; • http://www.juergendaum.com/news/03_16_2003.htm – intelektinio kapitalo firmose sudedamøjø matavimo palyginimai; • http://www.intellectualcapital.se/ic_rating_eng.html – intelektinio kapitalo Austrijos bankuose sudedamøjø ir jo sukuriamos pridedamosios vertës palyginimai; • http://www.clomedia.com/content/templates/clo_fairfield.asp? articleid=311&zoneid=13 - Phillips, J. J. Human Capital Measurement: A Challenge for the CLO // 2003 December. Þmogiðkøjø iðtekliø pridedamosios vertës matavimai;

227 • http://www.innovationlaw.org/lawforum/pages/intellectual_property_ law.htm – Toronto naujoviø teisës forumo svetainës tinklalapyje skelbiama publikacijø intelektinës nuosavybës klausimais internetinë bibliografija (.../ rg_intellectual_property.htm#encyclo) teksto formatu be galimø publikacijø adresø; • http://www.megalaw.com/top/intellectual.php – Intelektinës nuosavybës teisës centro tinklalapiø, skirtø ðios teisës ir kitomis DB nuorodoms, dokumentams, publikacijoms ir naujienoms internete, gana iðsami svetainë; • http://www.lexisone.com/legalresearch/legalguide/practice_areas/ intellectual_property.htm – smulkiø ir vidutiniø teisës firmø konsultacijø interneto puslapiai, skirti intelektinës nuosavybës klausimams, iðskiriant autorinës teisës, prekiø þenklø, patentø, prekybos paslapèiø, teisiniø techno- logijø ir panaðius klausimus; • http://www.legal-database.com/intellectualproperty.htm – sugrupuoti pagrindiniai internetiniai intelektinës nuosavybës puslapiai, skirti autorinës teisës, prekiø þenklø, patentø klausimams; papildomai teikiamos nuorodos á kitus DB (þr. http://www.lectlaw.com/inll/105.htm); • http://www.alllaw.com/topics/Intellectual_property – publikacijø intelektinës nuosavybës teisës klausimais ir nuorodø internetinë DB; • http://www.catalaw.com/topics/IP.shtml – nemaþa intelektinës nuosavybës teisës ðaltiniø bei svetainiø nuorodø internetinë DB. Pasaulio banko þiniø ekonomikos indekso DB adresà þr. http://www. worldbank.org/ svetainëje; jos meniu struktûrà þr. toliau:

Home > Learning > WBI Learning Programs > Knowledge for Develo... > KAM > Cross-Country Compar... > Cross Country Comparison KAM Home User Guide Basic Scorecard Global Ranking Create Your Own Scorecard This mode allows comparison of up to 20 countries in a Cross-Country Comparison bar chart format. Each bar chart shows the Global Over Time Comparison aggregate Knowledge Economy Index (KEI) score World Map and the contribution (relative weight) of different Data Sources Knowledge Economy pillars to the overall country’s knowledge readines Cross Country Comparison

228 5. VERSLO STANDARTØ INTERNETO PUSLAPIAI

Standartiniai reikalavimai, kokybës kontrolë padeda didinti verslo ir prekybos efektyvumà vidaus ir uþsienio rinkoje. Standartais remiasi kokybës valdymo ir kokybës uþtikrinimo sistemos, sertifikavimas, bandymai ir metrologija. Standartai atnaujinami ir taisomi. Standartø duomenø bazës nëra laisvai prieinamos eiliniam interneto vartotojui, tad norint gauti kokios nors informacijos, daþniausiai reikia mokëti nemaþus pinigus. Toliau glaustai apþvelgiamos Tarptautinës standartizacijos organizacijos (TSO, http://www.iso.org), JAV nacionalinio standartizacijos instituto (ANSI), taip pat Nacionalinës pasaulio standartø (NSSN), Britanijos standartø instituto (BSI) ir kitos DB ir puslapiai, kuriuose teikiami ir paieðkomi produktø ir paslaugø standartai, taip pat ir kokybës kontrolës standartai. Dauguma dideliø tarptautiniø ir nacio- naliniø standartizacijos organizacijø informacijà apie savo veiklà ir iðleidþia- mus standartus internete skelbia gana iðsamiai, DB galima rasti vieno arba kito standarto bibliografiná apraðà, jo kainà. TSO puslapiuose (http:// www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/ISOstore/store.html) galime rasti paèios TSO iðleistus standartus, o ANSI apima ir savo, ir TSO dokumentus. TSO veiklos tobulinimo programas rengia ir vykdo specialus TSO tobulinimo komitetas (DEVCO), þr. t. p. http://www.iso.org/.../CatalogueListPage – Pasaulinës standartizacijos organizacijos standartø klasifikacija ir paslaugø tinklalapiai. Toliau pateikiami TSO paieðkos meniu struktûros kriterijai:

About ISO Products and services ISO 9000 / ISO 14000 Overview of the ISO system ISO Store Introduction ISO in brief ISO/CS Shopping information ISO Management Principal officers and policies Systems ISO’s structure International Standards Understand the basics ISO members Information publications and The facts on certification Code of Ethics products Explore further ISO Strategic Plan Widely used standards Additional resources Action Plan for developing Maintenance agencies and countries registration authorities ISO in figures Customer services Annual reports Links: Employment ISO/IEC Information Centre Links: – ISODOC ISO 3166/MA – ISOSTD – Networking

229 Standards development Communities and markets Communication centre Who does what, when and how? Industry sectors Press releases Technical committees E. business News items Other bodies developing Image technology ISO Focus standards/guides ISO and conformity assessment The ISO Café Business plans for public review ISO and the consumer Events Technical work programme ISO and developing countries Speeches / presentations Participation in the technical work Links: World Standards Day International organizations in Social responsibility Press contacts liaison WTO, ISO and world trade Communication centre Meeting calendar World Standards Services search Links: Network – ISOTC portal (WSSN) – ITTF

Nacionalinë pasaulio standartø DB – JAV nacionalinio standartizacijos instituto ákurta organizacija, renkanti ir tvarkanti duomenis apie JAV galiojanèius standartus. NSSN teikia paslaugas: standartø paieðka pagal ávairius kriterijus; informavimas apie naujø standartø kûrimà, priëmimà ir senø keitimà; automatinio informavimo paslaugos mokamos ir teikiamos tik uþsiregistravusiems klientams. NSSN gauna informacijos ið daugiau nei 600 nacionaliniø ir tarptautiniø standartizacijos organizacijø (maþdaug 270 tûkst. nuorodø). Paieðkai skirti prenumeruojami Standartø nustatymo bei automatizuoto informavimo paslaugø (STAR, Standards Tracking and Au- tomated Reporting Services) tinklalapiai (http://www.nssn.org/about_star.html). Standartai sugrupuoti á ðeðias kategorijas:

1. Iðleisti pramonës standartai. Apima maþdaug 200 000 áraðø ið JAV, kitø valstybiø ir tarptautiniø organizacijø; informacija atnaujinama kas savaitæ, kas dvi savaites arba kas mënesá, tai priklauso nuo ðaltinio. 2. Iðleisti tarptautiniai standartai. Apima maþdaug 15 000 áraðø ið ISO ir IEC; atnaujinama kas mënesá. 3. JAV iðleisti ir patvirtinti standartai. Priskirta daugiau kaip 46 000 standartø, kuriuos naudoja JAV gynybos ministerija; atnaujinama kas savaitæ. 4. Kuriami (dar neiðleisti) pramonës standartai. Priskirta maþdaug 10 000 JAV standartø kûrimo projektø; atnaujinama kiekvienà dienà.

230 5. Kuriami tarptautiniai standartai. Maþdaug 3000 tarptautiniø standartø, kuriuos ðiuo metu kuria ISO; atnaujinama kas mënesá. 6. JAV gynybos ministerija kuriami standartai. Maþdaug 4000 standartø, atnaujinamø kas savaitæ.

NSSN nemokama paieðka apima tris pirmàsias kategorijas ir visus standartus, iðleistus arba patvirtintus JAV nacionaliniame standartizacijos institute (ANSI). STAR paslauga (automatinis informavimas apie naujø standartø kûrimà, priëmimà ir senø keitimà) apima visas ðeðias kategorijas. Verslo standartø interneto DB adresai:

• www.ansi.org – JAV nacionalinio standartizacijos instituto DB adresas;

• http://www.ili-info.com/us/ – pirkimø, medþiagø, standartø ir ES teisiniø reglamentø DB; apima daugiau kaip 350 tûkst. standartø; naudojimas ribojamas; • http://www.bsi-global.com/index.xalter – britø standartø ir teisiniø reglamentø paieðkos ir platinimo mokama DB, veikianti 110 ðaliø; teikia vadybos sertifikavimo ir produktø bandymo, standartø tarptautinio platinimo paslaugas:

ISO 9000 Quality Management CE Marking ISO 14001 Environment Training OHSAS 18001 Occupational Health & Safety Search Standards Catalogue ISO 27001 / BS 7799 Information Security BSI Registered Clients Directory Kitemark

Standartø bei kokybës kontrolës informacinës bazës ir paslaugos internete pateikiamos daugelyje reikðmingesniø nurodytø portalø adresø.

Tarptautiniø standartø ir klasifikatoriø adaptavimas Lietuvoje

Lietuvos Vyriausybës sprendimu prieð keletà metø siekiant norminti pirmiausia tarptautiniø finansø, teisës ir verslo terminø taikymà mûsø ðalyje,

231 buvo adaptuota 18 tarptautiniø (Eurovoc, CPA, CPC, COICOP, COFOG, NACE, PRODCOM, SNA, SITC, MGFC, MPB, ISCO ir kt.) klasifikatoriø, ðios knygos autoriui irgi dalyvaujant ðiame procese kaip ekspertui konsul- tantui (apie tai þr. internete adresais http://www.std.lt/uploads/klasifik/ index.htm; http://www.buracas.com/classificators.html). Be to, iðversti Valdymo finansø statistikos ir Mokëjimø balanso vadovø skyriai, susijæ su klasifikavimu, Verslo registrø ir statistiniø vienetø nuostatai, Verslo registrø terminø þodynas. Dalies tarptautiniø klasifikatoriø nacionali- nës versijos skelbiamos Lietuvos statistikos departamento tinklalapiuose (centrinë klasifikatoriø DB – http://db.std.lt/statclass), o keturiø reikðmin- giausiø – dar ir iðspausdintos: Ekonominës veiklos rûðiø klasifikatorius (http://www.std.lt/uploads/ klasifik/EVRK/EVRK.htm); Produktø, gaminiø ir paslaugø klasifikatorius (http://www.std.lt/.../ PGPK/pgpk2004.htm); Lietuvos ðvietimo klasifikacija (http://www.std.lt/.../LSK.htm); Lietuvos profesijø klasifikatorius (þr. 2 dalies 1 sk.). Dalis ðiø ir kitø tarptautiniø klasifikatoriø versijø anglø kalba (20) skelbiamos interneto svetainëje http://europa.eu.int/comm/eurostat/ramon/ nomenclatures/index.cfm?

• EB ekonominës veiklos rûðiø klasifikatoriaus nacionalinë versija parengta pagal Europos Sàjungos NACE klasifikatoriø. Jis skirtas duomenims, susijusiems su veiklos vienetais, skirstyti á kategorijas pagal veiklos rûðis. Juo remiantis rengiami statistikos duomenys apie produkcijà, ávairiø rûðiø gamybos iðlaidas (darbo, þaliavø, energijos ir kt.), kapitalo formavimà ir finansines operacijas statistiniø vienetø veikloje. • BOPM - Balance of Payments Manual. Classification and Standard Components; tai – Mokëjimø balanso vadovas. Klasifikacija ir standartinës sudedamosios dalys. • CPC - Provisional Central Product Classification, Eurostat (EU). Tai – Laikinasis svarbiausias produktø klasifikatorius. • SNA - System of National Accounts, IMF. Tai – nacionaliniø sàskaitø sistema. OFOG, COICOP, COPNI - Functional Classifications of the SNA. Tai – funkciniai nacionaliniø sàskaitø sistemos klasifikatoriai. • MGFS - A Manual on Government Finance Statistics. Tai – valdymo finansø statistikos vadovas. • ISIC rev.3 - International Standard Industrial Classification off All Economic Activities, UN – Tarptautinis standartinis gamybinis ekonominës veiklos klasifikatorius.

• http://www.lsd.lt – Lietuvos standartizacijos departamento tinklalapiai.

232 6. UÞSIENIO PREKYBOS IR GABENIMO (FRACHTO) INFORMACINËS BAZËS IR PASLAUGOS INTERNETE

Skiriamos bendrosios internetinës verslo DB su uþsienio prekybai reikalingos informacijos tinklalapiais ir specializuotos uþsienio prekybos DB. Daugumos jø sudedamoji dalis yra ir frachto informacinës DB. • http://sosig.esrc.bris.ac.uk/roads/subject-listing/World-cat/inttrad.html – gerai organizuota Socialiniø mokslø informacinio greitkelio tarptautinës prekybos internetiniø DB nuorodø svetainë (institucijos, duomenys, leidiniai, ðvietimo ðaltiniai, naujienos, tyrimo centrai ir kt.).

• http://www.unctad.org – Jungtiniø Tautø plëtros ir prekybos konferencijos svetainë; joje skelbiama pasaulio ðaliø prekybos statistika, importo srautø struktûra, plëtros rodikliai, prekiø kainø ir tiesioginiø uþsienio investicijø dinamika, taip pat prekybos plëtros programos ir kontrolës tarifinës ir netarifinës priemonës internetinëse DB (TRAINS - Trade Analy- sis and Information Systems, taikoma 140 ðaliø), Pasaulio integruotas prekybos sprendimas (World Integrated Trade Solution) – tai programinë aplinka TRAINS ágyvendinti (http://r0.unctad.org/trains). Dedola International Net – registruotø kroviniø gabentojams ir brokeriams prieinamos uþdaros DB adresas: http://www.dedolanet.com/login.cfm. Prie DB yra Incoterms terminø bazë, laiko zonø bei matø ir kitø kroviniø skaièiuoklës, gabenimo marðrutø grafikai, draudimo ir kitos paslaugos. Dedola International yra galimybë sekti savo tarptautinius krovinius internete online reþimu, firma teikia vadybos paslaugas tarptautiniø kroviniø gabenimo, importo, eksporto srityje pasauliniu mastu; turi atstovø Europoje, Azijoje, Vidurio Rytuose ir pietø Okeanijoje. Kai kurioms paslaugoms reikia uþpildyti atitinkamas formas ir gauti kliento numerá. • http://internationalecon.com/v1.0/toc.html – Stiveno Suranovièiaus (Vaðingtono universitetas) tarptautinës prekybos paskaitø kurso tekstai internete; • http://www.foreignpolicy.com/wwwboard/g-index.php – 62 pasaulio ðaliø (apimanèiø maþdaug 85 proc. visø gyventojø) globalizacijos indekso svetainë; nustatoma pagal tenkanèias palyginamas tiesioginiø uþsienio bei

233 portfeliniø investicijø apimtis, technologiðkai paþangiø ðakø indëlá á BNP augimà, uþsienio kelioniø, aplinkosaugos apimtis, interneto serveriø ir tele- fonø paðnekesiø skaièius; þr. meniu skirsnius bei paieðkos grupes:

Resources Services · Search Site · Subscribe · FP Archive · Renew Your Subscription · Article Index · Gift Subscriptions · Issue Index · Academic Subscription Program · Author Index · Learn About FP’s Digital Edition · Subject Index · Pay Your Bill · Author/Title Search · Change Your Address · FP e. Alert · Check Account Status · FP e. Alert Archive · Report a Missing or Damaged Issue · Breaking Global News · Other Subscription Questions or Comments · Worldwide Links · Academic Subscription Program · Link Lists · Professors · Search Links · Students · Most Popular Links · FP e. Alert · Top Rated Links · FP e. Alert Archive · Special Reports · Shop at FP · Idea Feed · Back Issues · Country Intelligence · Foreign Editions · Surprises of Globalization · FP Reports & Merchandise · Site Map

Tarptautiniai serveriai prie uþsienio prekybos DB priskiria ir Lietuvos plëtros agentûros (Advantage Lithuania) svetainës tinklalapius http:// www.lda.lt ir http://www.lda.lt/export. Juose apibûdinamos uþsienio investicijø apimtys ir nuðvieèiamos perspektyvios tolesniø investicijø sritys, supaþin- dinama su kai kuriais investuotojø ieðkanèiais projektais, Agentûros teikiamomis paslaugomis, pagrindiniais Lietuvos ûkio plëtros rodikliais ir tei- sine verslo aplinka; þr. svetainës meniu:

Reasons to Invest in Lithuania Lithuania–Your Gateway to the New Investment Opportunities Europe Klaipëda–Tauragë Greenfield & Brownfield sites English (pdf) German (pdf) French (pdf) Investment Projects in Lithuania Russian (pdf) Country Profile Italian (pdf)

234 Basic Country Data Foreign Consulting Companies Basic Economic Data Lithuanian Consultants Transportation and Communications Law Firms Business and Investment Climate Insurance Companies Foreign Direct Investment Stock Brokers Top Foreign Investors Public Relations Operational Costs Advertising Population, Labour Force, Education and Medical Care Health Care Airline Contact Information Banking, Finance and Insurance Internet Providers Real Estate Mobile Phone Providers Setting Up A Business Trade Fairs and Exhibitions Attractive Business Sectors Possibilities in the Lithuanian Market Plastic and Rubber (pdf) Lithuanian Export Products Wood and Furniture (pdf) Country Profile Textile and Apparel (pdf) Basic Country Data Knowledge Economy (pdf) Basic Economic Data Automotive Components (pdf) Transportation and Communications Chemicals (pdf) Electronics (pdf) Lithuanian Trade Metal Processing and Machinery (pdf) Trade Conditions Statistics Foreign Trade Lithuanian Exporters Database Industrial Parks Kaisiadorys Industrial Park Business Opportunities Utena Industrial Park About Us Links and Resources Our Services Government Ministries How Can We Help You Other Governmental Institutions Investment Department Municipalities Export Department Business Organisations Information and PR Department Foreign Business Associations Representative Offices International Organisations

• Representative Offices http://www.forwarderlaw.com/index.htm – tarptautinio gabenimo, frachto ir jø teisiniø paslaugø internetinës informacijos DB; iðsamus teisiniø konsultacijø aplinkos meniu pateikiamas toliau:

235 Agency Agency, default rule Amount of freight Liiberty to chose route, means and procedure etc. Not liable for acts of third parties Power to enter into contracts to fulfill Customer’s Instructions in best interests of customer Right to consolidate cargo with other goods Third party terms apply to contracts Carrier (See Principal) When Forwarder assumes role as Carrier Claims (see Notice of Claim) Contract between Customer and Forwarder Application of Conditions Generally Electronic Means of Communication, use of Engagement of Forwarder Instructions to Forwarder in circumstances affecting performance Quotations, Effect of Fixed Price – When Quotation may be revised Customer’s Obligations Charges– Obligation to Advance COD Shipments – Customer’s continued liability for Condition, loading and suitability of container Furnish Correct Information to Forwarder Give Proper Instructions Knowledge about the conduct of its affairs Missing or Delayed Documents Packaging and Preparation of Goods Customs Customer’s duty to furnish information to allow forwarder to arrange for Customs Clearance Obtaining Customs Ruling in Connection with Release of Goods etc. Damages (See also Limitation of Liability Consequential Loss, no liability for Principles of calculation of damages Valuation of damages calculated at market price etc.– valuation of SDR Dangerous Goods Right to destroy Warranty that goods, packaging and marking comply with the law Duties of Forwarder Assign claim against subcontractor Check contents of shipment – check weights or dimensions COD Shipments – duty and liability of forwarder Confidential Data (Origin Marks) Departing from customer’s instructions – Actions in best interests of customer General duty of care

236 Performance within a reasonable time after receiving Customer’s instructions Selection of contractors to perform Customer’s Mandate Supply evidence of contract Indemnity by Customer Contents of customer’s basic indemnity Failure of Customer to Comply with Regulations Liability for increased duty Insurance Arranged through Forwarder All Risks Insurance Customer must give instructions in writing Forwarder acts as agent of customer when placing insurance Insurance under Open Cargo Policy taken out by Forwarder Placing of insurance by Forwarder on warehoused goods Legal Issues covered by Conditions Actions in Tort, conditions apply Advice, Liability for – Indemnity if advice relayed to third party Ancillary Services, application of conditions to Claims against Directors etc. Domicile of Forwarder – Courts of domiile have exclusive jurisdiction over disputes General Average Claims Jurisdiction and Applicable Law Mandatory Law Period of Responsibility for Goods Lien Lien on Goods and Documents Limitation of Liability Amount of freight Charges for increased limitation amount Damages for Delay – Limited to Twice Freight or other charges Limitation amount – $50 per customs entry or brokerage fees, which ever is the less Loss of or Damage to Goods – 2 SDR per kilo of the gross weight of the damaged goods Loss of or Damage to Goods – 8.33 SDR per kilo of the gross weight of the damaged goods Other Claims – Maximum Liability Notice of Claim Notice of Claim to be given on handing over goods Time Lilmits for Notification of Claim Payment of Forwarder’s Charges Amounts becoming due on Perishable Goods Customer Accepts conditions on behalf of Owner of the Goods Customer’s Obligation to Advance Charges Forwarder’s entitlement to additional amounts Interest Charges, Foreign Exchange Losses No set off or counterclaim against amounts due forwarder

237 Overcharges, payment of additional freight, reimbursement to customer Payment of disbursements in Advance Remuneration Customarily Retained Supply evidence of charges Performance of transport Consolidation of Goods permitted Declaration of Value to Carrier Departure and Arrival Times of Goods Impossibility of Performance (Force Majeure) Warranty as to condition, loading and suitability of container Warranty of information given Forwarder Principal – when does forwarder assume role? Fixed or all inclusive Price – Criteria for Establishing Role Forwarder issues transport document undertaking carriage of goods Transport with own equipment Special Arrangements Declared value of goods Particular and/or valuable goods Storage or Disposal of Goods Conditions Applicable to Storage Disposal of Goods – for failure to take delivery Disposal of Goods – perishable goods Time Limits for Action against Forwarder Nine months One year Glossary

• http://www.forwarderlaw.com – Kroviniø ekspeditoriø asociacijø federacijos (the Federation of Freight Forwarder Association, FIATA) svetainë, skelbianti kroviniø gabenimo teisinio reguliavimo ypatumus skirtingose ðaly- se, tradicijas ir praktinius sprendimus (dalis konsultacijø – mokamos); • http://www.railwayforum.com; http://www.sra.gov.uk – kroviniø gabenimo geleþinkeliu informacinës DB internete; • http://www.shippingplanet.com/Shipping.htm – kroviniø gabenimo paslaugø (áskaitant kombinuotas transporto rûðis), tarptautiniø gabentojø, marðrutø ir ekspeditoriø informacinë DB internete; • http://www.logismarket.com/navigation/company/categories.jsp? ctg=89459694 – iðplësta kroviniø saugojimo, pakavimo, marðrutø rengimo ir gabenimo paslaugø, logistikos operatoriø, tarptautiniø ekspeditoriø infor- macinë DB;

238 • http://www.toboc.com/Transporters.aspx – tarptautiniø frachto ir logistikos paslaugø informacinë internetiniø nuorodø svetainë. Siûlo 149 DB Rytø Europoje, 142 DB Vakarø Europoje, 111 DB Afrikoje, 17 DB – Ðiaurës Amerikoje. • http://www.commerce-database.com/trucking-freight.htm; .../ shipping.htm – informacinës kroviniø gabenimo paslaugø internetiniø nuo- rodø svetainës, sudarytos ið Google informacijos, tinklalapiai, skirti frachto ir logistikos paslaugø DB. • Kroviniø ekspedijavimo adresø internetinio þinyno DB (visø tipø transporto priemonës) adresas – http://www.forwarders.com/home/directories. html. Apima tarptautines ir JAV bendroves, taip pat brokeriø paslaugø bendroviø internetines nuorodas visuose þemynuose. • Kroviniø gabenimo nuorodø internetinë SchedNet DB skelbia gabenimo tarifø, logistikos ir frachto agentø paslaugø adresus bei uostø indeksus, kroviniø gabentojø adresus 348 vietovëse 88 valstybëse, taip pat daugiausia Azijos eksporto ir importø bendroviø nuorodas (http:// www.schednet.com/schedule). • Seaborne Intl. Freight Services tarptautinës kroviniø gabenimo daugiau kaip 100 ðaliø visomis transporto priemonëmis, logistikos, eksporto bei importo paslaugø bendrovës informacinës svetainës interneto adresas: http://www.seaborne-intl.com. Ji teikia ðias paslaugas:

· Agency representation at all ports and industrial cities of the World · Transportation of anything to or from any place in the World · Ocean Freight - export and import, FCL, LCL, Reefer and Bulk Cargo · Air Freight - export and import, direct or consolidation · Export documentation, special certificates, Consular legalization · Banking services - processing documentary credit collections · Customs clearance, Bonded cargo and other Customs related matters · Local pick-up and delivery · Road and rail freight - inter-city / inter-state · Marine (Cargo) Insurance - including interior points in Russia/FSU · Packing, crating and other specialized cargo handling services · Household removals, private automobiles, boats · Trade fairs and exhibitions · Warehousing, inventory control and distribution services · Project cargo shipments - large, awkward, oversize and/or turnkey · Chartering of Ships and Aircraft for bulk or large Loads · Product and commodity location; matching buyers and sellers · Consulting on transport and logistics projects and ancillary matters

239 • Cargo Int.Logistics kroviniø frachto agentø, logistikos ir brokeriø paslaugø internetinë DB: http://members.aol.com/gmscargo. • Berkly tarptautinës kroviniø gabenimo bendrovës interneto adresas – http://berklay.com. Rosemark Shipping tarptautinës kroviniø gabenimo bendrovës interneto adresas: http://www.rosemark.com. • Elfor tarptautiniø perveþimø Rusijoje, áskaitant ir NVS frachto paslaugas, jø tarifus ir kitas su tuo susijusios informacijos DB, adresas: http:/ /www.elfor.ru. • http://www.logisticsworld.com/ – logistikos ir frachto bei kitø komer- ciniø operacijø DB; þr. jos meniu skirsnius:

Africa Europe Local Quality Air Freight Flatbed Logistics Rail Aircraft Flatbed & LTL Logistics Consulting Resumes Asia Fleet Management Logistics Engnrng RF / Radio Freq’ncy Associations Forwarders Logistics Mgt Routing/Scheduling Australia Freight Logistics Services Safety Automobiles Freight Payment Logistics Software Security Bar Code & Auto ID Global Logistics Support Services Brokers Global Logistics Logistics Suppt Ana Shipping Business Government Logistic Technology Software Business / Mgmt Govt / Military LTL & TL Freight South America Canada Hauling LTL Freight Supply Chain Carriers Health Care Maintenance Technology Cartage Home Pages Management Third–Party Colleges Import / Export Manufacturing Logistics Communications Industrial Maritime Tracking Computers Information Systems Marketing Trade / Finance Consolidation Insurance Material Handling Trailers Construction Integrated Logistics Medical Training Consulting Intermodal Mexico Transloading Customs Brokers International Mgt Consulting Transport Distribution International Trade Military Transportation Distribution Services Internet Services Miscellaneous Travel EDI Int’l Logistics Movers Travel / Tourism Educational Inventory Mgt Nationwide Truck Brokers Elect Commerce ISO North America Trucking Employment Jobs Personal Web Pgs Trucks Engineering Legal Production Warehousing Environmental Load Planning Public Warehousing Whse’ing & Distrib Worldwide

240 • Ocean Transit Analyzer yra internete tarpusavyje susijusiø frachto priemoniø rinkinys, kurios, jei reikës, padës (þr. http://bulktransporter.com/ mag/transportation_shippers_electronic_systems) atlikti ðias operacijas:

• elektroniniu bûdu sutvarkyti visus eksporto ir importo dokumentus; • sudaryti patogiausià gabenimo marðrutà; • nustatyti geriausià greitai gendanèiø produktø tranzito kelià ir laikà; • suplanuoti pristatymo kaip tik laiku tvarkaraðtá; • nustatyti altenatyvius marðrutus per ávairius uostus; • sekti veþëjø sàjungø ir laivø paskirstymo veiklà; • apdrausti gabenamus krovinius jø gabenimo laikotarpiu; • palyginti savo veþëjo tvarkaraðèio konkurentabilumà.

241 7. VALIUTØ, TAURIØJØ IR RETØJØ METALØ PREKYBOS INFORMACINËS BAZËS IR PASLAUGOS

Valiutø kursø, rinkø ir sandoriø informacinës svetainës internete yra gerai analitiðkai sustruktûrintos, jø meniu iðskirtos investuotojams svarbios operacijos ir kuria jiems reikiamà sandoriø aplinkà. Vienos jø (http://www. cmcgroupplc.com/uk/forex/home.jsp) meniu pateikiamas toliau:

Our FX Service Why FX · Tight Dealing Spreads · 24 hour market · Award–Winning Software · Liquidity · Daily Rolling Cash® Bet · Trade on margin · Range of Markets · Trading Example · Risk Management Trading Software Products Offered · Real–time Prices · Spot FX · Fast Execution · Forward FX · Real–time Position Keeping · OTC FX Options · Customisable Platform · OTC Options Trading · Mobile Trading FX Options Trading Overview · Professional Real–time Charting OTC Options Contract Specification · News & Analysis Using FX Options to Speculate · Software Walkthrough Using FX Options to Hedge · 14 Day Software Trial X Options FAQs FX Options Terminology · Instrument Finder How to Apply FAQs · Funding your Account · Foreign Exchange Online Payment · Opening an Account Telephone Payment · Trading with CMC Markets Electronic Bank Transfer · Order Types Sending a Cheque Risk Warning Transaction Costs · Website Terms and Conditions Who Is CMC Markets? · Risk Warning · Innovative Products · Privacy & Security Policy · Commitment to Technology · Complaints Procedure · Regulated Markets · Dutch Residents Free Seminars

242 • http://www.gcitrading.com/forex.htm – pasaulio brokeriniø forex operacijø vienos ið lyderiø (Kembridþo investicinës grupës (CGI Financial Ltd) tinklalapiø svetainë su finansiniø sandoriø priemonëmis ir jø taikymo grafine aplinka, skirta finansø ir valiutø operacijoms, spekuliatyviems sandoriams birþoje (20 pagrindiniø valiutø, ðeðiomis kalbomis, .../forex.htm); yra demonstracinis paketas ir publikacijø ið ðios srities nuorodø; pasaulio valiutø rinkø kursai su situacine analize ðiomis kalbomis; • http://www.forex-markets.com – prekybos uþsienio valiutomis puslapiai anglø, vokieèiø ir japonø kalbomis; demonstracinës programinës operacijø apmokymo árangos paketai; neapmokestinama iki 6 mln. sandoriø ið 100 skirtingø ðaliø klientø; realaus laiko sandoriø kotiruotës, paaiðkinimai, keitimo analizës instrumentai, prognozës;

• http://www.gold-eagle.com/currenciesf.html – vertingøjø metalø ir monetø kursø 174 ðalyse, taip pat jø portfeliniø investicijø rizikos vertinimo, rinkos techninës analizës, perkrauti skaièiuokliø interneto puslapiai; • http://www.x-rates.com – interneto svetainë su operatyviai perþiûrimomis valiutø kodø ir jø keitimo dvipusiø ir daugiaðaliø kodø bei jø kursø lentelëmis; ...calculator.html – uþsienio valiutø dvipusiø kursø skaièiuoklës; JAV FRS skelbiamø kursø ir keitikliø adresas; • http://fx.sauder.ubc.ca – Britø Kolumbijos universiteto Verslo mokyklos 200 ðaliø valiutø keitimo á eurus, JAV ir Kanados doleriø skaièiuoklës ir kursø puslapiø 3–7 kalbomis adresas; valiutø krepðelio svoriø JAV ir Kana- dos ðaliø prekyboje lentelës (.../fxidx.html); tvarko prof. Werner Antweiler. • Dëmesio vertas iðsamus Blumberg firmos finansiniø paslaugø ir investicinës aplinkos svetainës (www.bloomberg.com) meniu:

243 Market Data Stocks Markets Bloomberg Media Movers by Index Bonds Bloomberg Television World Indices Commodities Launch Video Player Regional Indices Currencies The Data Screen Futures Energy Programming Schedule Earnings Economy/Politics Guests Rates & Bonds Economies Where to Find Us Charlie Rose Show Currencies Politics Bloomberg Radio Benchmark Currency Rates Fed Watch Listen to Bloomberg Radio World Currencies U.S. Government Programming Schedule Commentary Funds Guests Bloomberg Columnists Mutual Funds Bloomberg Markets Exchange Traded Funds Market Insight Magazine Commodities Bloomberg RSS Current Issue Commodity Futures Audio/Video Reports Subscribe Online Energy Prices Charts & Analysis Letters to the Editor Economic Calendar Research News & Commentary Chart Builder Market Monitor Top Worldwide Fund Center Regions Calculators Asia Currency Calculator Australia & New Zealand Mortgage Calculator Canada Retirement Calculator Europe Lease/Buy Calculator Germany 401(k) Calculator Japan Education Cost Calculator Latin America Emergency Fund Calculator U.K. Money & Life U.S. Bloomberg University Wireless Financial Glossary

244 • http://www.bloomberg.com/markets/wcv3.htm – Blumberg firmos kasdien skelbiamø valiutø kursø kodai ir jø keitimo dvipusiai ir daugiaðaliai kursai rinkose; • http://www.bloomberg.com/analysis/calculators/currency.html – Blumberg firmos valiutø kursø skaièiuoklës; • http://forex.com – GAIN kapitalo grupës valiutø sandoriø interneto svetainë FOREX Trader penkiomis kalbomis, skirta svarbiausiø valiutø kotiruotëms ir investiciniø sandoriø 140 ðaliø priemonëms, lentelëms ir diagramoms, operacijoms apmokyti; jos meniu pateikiamas toliau:

Trade Economic Indicators 101 Contact Center Trading with FOREX.com Forex Pro MyAccount Trading Platforms Using Technical Indicators Account Funding Overview Trading Short–Term Trends Account Forms Platform Comparison Using Indicators to Identify Trends FAQs Platform Support Choosing the Right Indicators FOREX.com FAQs User Guide Events Technical FAQs Getting Started/Quick Tour Training Trading FAQs Trading Handbook Bookstore Forex FAQs Account Types Glossary Driving Directions Open an Account Request for Information Open Demo Account Privacy Policy Wireless Trading Managed Accounts Risk Warning Demo FOREXTrader.wireless GAIN MAC Program API Trading Introducing Broker Program White Label Program Reporting Learn Global Payments Forex Basics History of the Forex Market Understanding Forex Quotes Forex Charting Why Trade Forex Overview Forex vs. Equities FOREXTrader Charts Forex vs. Futures Advanced GET Forex Essentials PRFX Trader Understanding Margin eSignal Direct Execution Calculating Profit & Loss Forex Research Introduction to Technical Analysis Bank Research Introduction to Forex Tools Fundamental Analysis

245 • http://www.interbankfx.com/?directorymreferer – konkuruoja su svetaine forex.com valiutø sandoriø DB internete, siûlo institucines ir konsultacines paslaugas, skelbia naujà sandoriø aplinkà (.../aboutus.htm# platform); • http://www.xe.com/ucc/full.shtml – valiutø keitimo ir pagrindiniø kursø sàryðiø atliekant sudëtingus vertybiniø popieriø ir valiutinius sandorius skaièiuoklës septyniomis kalbomis adresas; • http://www.xe.net/currency/full/ – populiariausias pasaulyje 250 ðaliø ir teritorijø 180 valiutø kursø keitiklis; daugiakalbis, já rekomenduoja daugelis investavimo ir konsultavimo, taip pat turizmo firmø; skelbia kas minutæ atnaujinamà populiariausiø pasaulio valiutø kryþminiø keitimo kursø lente- læ, taip pat vertingøjø metalø kainas; • http://www.ny.frb.org/markets/fxrates/noon.cfm; .../fxop_policies.html – FRS Niujorko banko uþsienio valiutø politikos ir kursø svetainës puslapiai; • http://www.futuresbusiness.com/curreni1.htm – portfeliniø investicijø formavimo technologijø ir jø rizikos vertinimo, opcionø ir arbitraþo operaci- jø, ateities sandoriø skirtingomis valiutomis adresø direktorija; rekomen- duojamos ðios sandoriø kategorijos:

Trading Simulator Trade Futures S & P Futures Strategy Runner J Trader Metals Trading Currency Futures Trading Discount Futures Broker FX Trading Forex

• http://www.cnnfn.com/markets/currencies – kotiruotës, valiutø investiciniø portfeliø svetainë; http://www.fxa.com instrumentai, reitingai, valiutø analizë ir keitikliai, rinkø technologijos ir komentarai; informacija mokama; • http://pacific.commerce.ubc.ca – Britø Kolumbijos universiteto 200 valiutø kursø, jø keitimo kryþminës lentelës, aiðkinamoji valiutø DB; euro pinigø erdvës padëtis; 60 ir 30 d. trukmës valiutø kursø prognozës; • http://www.rbcroyalbank.com/cgi-bin/travel/fxconvert.pl – RBC Royal Bank svetainë, joje skelbiami 40 uþsienio valiutø kursai ir jø keitimo skai- èiuoklë; • http://www.gftforex.com/land/index.asp?aid=255 – Global Forex Trading firmos sandoriø uþsienio valiutomis, jø programinës aplinkos, sandoriø technologijø ir demonstracinio paketo svetainë; jos meniu:

246 GLOBAL FOREX TRADING. WORLDWIDE LEADERS IN ONLINE CURRENCY TRADING

Why Forex? About GFT Additional Information Benefits of GFT Message from President Forex Commentary History of Forex History of GFT Daily Forex Commentary Futures vs. Forex Management Team Archive Forex vs. Stocks Our Team, Our Facilities Weekly Forex Commentary Software Market Pulse Newsletter Archive DealBook® FX 2 Trading with Confidence Forex Trading DealBook® Mobile Support Foreign Currency Trading GFT | Prime Account Documents Forex Charts Services Online Funds Request Forex Market Facilitated Systems Weekend Stop & Limit Orders Forex Broker Managed Forex Tom Next Procedures FX Trading Base 10 Trading™ DealBook® FX 2 Support Online Currency Trading Pro Commentary Accounting/Billing Questions Online Forex Trading Incite FX Demo ForexTrading Forex Trading Software DiNapoli D–Levels Forex Trading Forex Services Resources Your Global Forex Forex Tools Market Commentary Trading Assets Economic Calendar Free 30–Day Forex Trial Forex Forum Open a Live Forex Account Forex News Contact Global Forex Trading VIRT Subscription Glossary of Terms

A WORLD OF OPPORTUNITIES FOREX TRADING FX 2 FOREX SOFTWARE GLOBAL FOREX TRADING FOREX TRADING MARKET FOREX TRADING APPLICATION CURRENCY TRADING ONLINE CURRENCY TRADING FOREX MARKET FOREX CHARTS ONLINE FOREX TRADING

• http://finance.yahoo.com/currency; http://biz.yahoo.com/reports/ currency.html – uþsienio valiutø kursai, kryþminës lentelës, keitimo skai- èiuokliø svetainiø adresai; taip pat pasaulio naujienø apie valiutø rinkas direktorija; • http://www.oanda.com/channels/products/products.shtml – OANDA korporacijos 164 pasaulio valiutø keitimø kursø skaièiuoklë, skelbianti valiutø sandoriø ekonometriniø tyrimø ir plëtros firmas; teigia ðiø sandoriø klausimais konsultavusi maþdaug 35 tûkst. verslo bendroviø;

247 • http://www.imf.org/external/fin.htm – Tarptautinio pinigø fondo puslapiai, skirti specialioms skolinimo teisëms (SST, special drawing rights); þr. taip pat http://www.imf.org/external/np/fin/rates/rms_sdrv.cfmDrawing Rights. • http://www.logisticsworld.com/currency.asp. – pasaulio valiutø pavadinimai, ðaliø kodai ir kt. (ISO 4217 Currency Codes + Tables of Codes for the Representation of Currencies and Funds (2000). Valiutø rinkø ir brokeriø DB interneto adresai: • http://www.gftltd.com – Global Forex Trading interneto svetainë, skirta informacijai apie valiutø sandorius ir rinkas skirtinguose pasaulio centruose; taip pat pateikiamos sandoriø pagalbinës priemonës, privalomi dokumentai; daug nuorodø á naujausias analitines sandoriø priemones; pateikiamas ir demonstracinis paketas (http://www.gftforex.com/products); • http://www.foreigncurrencytrading.com – nemaþas internetiniø uþsienio valiutø operacijø adresø þinynas pagal iðsamø specializuotà pa- ieðkos meniu; • http://www.thedailyprofit.com – valiutø sandoriø programinës aplinkos reklamos ir sàsajø DB; svetainëje galima pasimokyti sandoriø operacijø internete; • http://www.the-privateer.com/gold.html – aukso kotiruoèiø, birþø sandoriø, konsultacijø ir naujienø, taip pat monetø kolekcinës informacijos interneto tinklalapis; • http://www.forexdirectory.net – valiutø kursø, sandoriø, kotiruoèiø, konsultavimo, programinës sandoriø aplinkos, grafinës analizës, skai- èiuokliø, paðnekesiø interneto þinynas; • http://accu-rate.ca/html/english/index.cfm – privataus Kanados valiu- tø ágalioto prekybos agento puslapis, pateikiantis valiutø informacijà turistams (.../today/cad.cfm); • http://www.canuckbucks.com – uþsienio valiutø kursø ir keitimo bei kitø spekuliaciniø (daugiausia Kanados dol.) birþos operacijø, taip pat nuorodø á su ðiomis problemomis susijusius tinklalapius svetainë.

248 Europos pinigø sàjungos eurø banknotø ir monetø pavyzdþiai skelbiami ðiais interneto svetainiø adresais: http://pacific.commerce.ubc.ca/xr/euro; http:/ /europa.eu.int/comm/economy_finance/euro/notes_and_coins/notes_coins_ main_en.htm, taip pat daugelyje kitø:

Notes and coins · Euro banknotes Commission changeover website Images and description (archive) Euro coins Selection of over 300 changeover Images and description websites (archive) · Related documents Types of euro coins National mints First report 2004 Facts and figures Introduction of the euro one year after Euro papers Who is in charge of euro notes and coins? Use in the world Reproduction rules Euro symbol · Third countries · Overseas Related documents Eurobarometer · Euro as de facto currency Euro coins from design to circulation · Exchange rate mechanism (ERM II) · Bilateral exchange rate agreements Origins · Early days of the European Union · Unilateral exchange rate agreements · Werner Report · Related documents Survey: the euro in the world · European Monetary System · Delors Report EMU after five years Benefits · Second stage of EMU · Practical benefits · Final Stage of EMU · Euro enters daily life · Single market Changeover · Single financial market · Macroeconomic framework · Future enlargement of the euro area · Past transition of the current euro–area members · Europe’s role in the world Conversion rates and calculator · Political integration Related documents Conversion rules Exchange of national currencies To be or not to be in the euro

Eurø pinigø (banknotø) atvaizdus skelbia ir EPS ðaliø centriniai bankai; galima pamatyti ir eurø struktûrà bei skirtingø EPS ðaliø kalbomis jø cen- triniø bankø áraðus (ten pat rastume ir nuo 1871 m. iki ðiol galiojanèiø serijø Prancûzijos banknotø atvaizdø). Lietuvos Respublikos pinigø pavyzdþiai ir apsaugos poþymiai skelbiami internete adresais http://www.lb.lt/lt/banknotai/index.htm ir ... /monetos.html. Ten taip pat apibûdinamos proginës monetos, iðimtø ið apyvartos pinigø keitimo tvarka. Platesniam atskirø banknotø bei monetø pristatymui skirti atskiri svetainës puslapiai.

249 JAV pinigai ir jø apsaugos þymos skelbiamos JAV iþdo interneto adresu http://www.treas.gov/topics/currency/html. Ðioje svetainëje pateikiama iðsami informacija ne tik apie veikianèius, bet ir apie kolekcinius, istorinius JAV pinigus, jø apsaugà, juos spausdinanèiø ir kaldinanèiø institucijø veiklà:

Currency Coins New $10 Bill and other New Currency State Quarters and other Special Programs Pictures of Bills Westward Journey Nickel Series Money Facts and History Images of Coins Large Denominations Specifications of coins in circulation Teaching Materials and Tips History Bureau of Engraving and Printing Store Collectors Collectors Buy Coins On-line Money Central Station (For Kids) Consumer Awareness H.I.P. Pocket Change (For Kids) Anti–Counterfeiting Advanced Counterfeit Deterrence If you Suspect a Counterfeit

• www.forextrading.com – ES Saxo banko svetainë – teikia daug ver- tingø duomenø apie galimas atlikti operacijas, dauguma jø vykdomos visà parà. DB taip pat pateikiamos ir analizës, prognozës ir teoriniai straipsniai, susijæ su aktualia tema. Tinklalapiuose galima rasti programinës árangos, kurià galima parsisiøsti prekybos operacijoms atlikti. Ja galima nemokamai naudotis 20 dienø, uþsiregistruoti ir prenumeruoti informacinius leidinius. Pagrindinë paieðkø meniu dalis tokia:

Forex Investors Forex Education · FX Quotes & Charts · Introduction to trading Forex · Todays FX Strategy · History · Price Alert – NEW · Forex trading basics · Expert View · Forex trading examples · Live Financial TV · Working with statistics · Weekly Market Update · How to trade forex? · Economic Calendar · Advanced Trading Platform

• http://www.dendritics.com/scales/automated-calculations.asp; http:/ /www.dendritics.../carat-weight.asp – brangakmeniø svoriø, matø, ðlifavimo ir kitø parametrø analitinës skaièiuoklës puslapiai; prie jø priskirtini ir puslapiai, skirti brangiøjø metalø matø keitimui, rinkos, liejiniø vertei ir kitiems rodikliams, þr.: http://www.dendritics.com/scales/metal-calc.asp;

250 • http://www.briefing.com/GeneralInfo/ProductOptions/Comparison Table.htm – brangiøjø metalø (aukso, sidabro, platinos) birþos operacijø, kursø ir analizës tinklalapiai; • http://www.users.bigpond.com/cruzi/Coins/Gold/content.htm – kolekciniø aukso monetø vertës pokyèiø skaièiuoklës svetainës pavyzdys; • http://www.globalfindata.com – Global Finance Data interneto svetainëje skelbiamos pasaulio valiutø kursø statistinës eilutës, jø tarpusavio santykiø skaièiuokliø, valiutø tarptautiniø ISO kodø bei valiutø istorijos tinklalapiai; • http://www.dollarization.org – internetinës nuorodø aiðkinamosios DB, skirtos valiutø valdybos modeliui ir patirèiai, taip pat pinigø politikos ir dolerizacijos efektui apibûdinti, adresas (daugiausia susistemintas pdf formatu publikacijø nuorodø sàvadas); • http://aes.iupui.edu/rwise – 20 tûkst. pasaulio pinigø banknotø pavyzdþiai ir kolekcinës vertës DB.

251 252 III dalis

STATISTIKOS, KOMERCINËS TEISËS, VERTIMØ IR KITOS DUOMENØ BAZËS

1. EUROSTATO IR KITOS TARPTAUTINËS (TVF, EBPO) BEI NACIONALINËS STATISTIKOS DUOMENØ BAZËS

Geriausios statistikos DB internete – TVF, EBPO, ECB, Eurostato svetainëse. Daugelio tarptautiniø organizacijø (JTO, PB, UNESCO) teikiama suvestinë ir kita statistika vëluoja: ji daþnai remiasi tik oficialiai teikiamais duomenimis (ir jeigu kai kurios ðalys, pvz., neatnaujina nacio- nalinës demografinës statistikos, ji teikiama net deðimties metø senumo, nors nesunku internete rasti naujesniø duomenø). Be to, neretai tuos duomenis bûtina perskaièiuoti taikant gretinamàjà (lyginamàjà) metodikà. Geros nacionalinës statistikos nebûtinai rasime nacionalinëse statistikos þinybø tinklalapiuose; pavyzdþiui, Lietuvos ir Estijos – gerø perskaièiuotø finansiniø rodikliø prieinamumu konkuruoja atitinkamai Lietuvos ir Estijos bankai; Latvijos bankas, prieðingai, yra vienas ðykðèiausiø ir uþdariausiø ðalies pinigø statistikos ðaltiniø. Europos statistikos sistemø (Euro- pean Statistical Systems) centrinës bûstinës – Eurostato – internetinës svetainës adresas – http://epp.eurostat. cec.eu.int. Èia galima rasti bendràjà ir regioninæ EB statistikà, finansø, demografinæ ir socialinæ, taip pat ES nariø valstybiø visuomeniniø ir ekono- miniø veiklos srièiø ðakinæ – pramonës, prekybos, þemës ûkio, transporto, ekologinæ, mokëjimø balansø, infliacijos, skurdo ir senëjimo, mokslo tyrimø – statistikà. Jà sudaro ES plëtros vadinamieji struktûriniai, ilgalaikiai rodikliai ir euroindikatoriai, apibûdinantys padëtá integruojantis naujoms valstybëms narëms, konkurencingumà ir kitus struktûrinius Lisabonos kriterijus bei III Europos pinigø sàjungos stadijos ágyvendinimà. Eurostato interneto puslapiai leidþia naudotis ðios organizacijos parengtu statistikos metraðèiu (pdf formatu) arba reikia uþsakyti publikacijas (arba CD-ROM); skelbiamos apskaièiavimo metodikos ir rodikliø iðmatavimo kriterijai, uþtik-

253 rinantys duomenø suderinamumà. ES naudojamos ir rodikliø klasifikacijos, tyrimø rezultatø publikacijos ir projektai, santrumpø þodynas: http://forum. europa.eu.int/irc/dsis/coded/info/data/coded/en/abbreviations/all.htm. Eurostato teikiama statistinë informacija labai svarbi, tad toliau pateikiamas lankytojams rekomenduojamas paieðkos meniu:

Special topics Structural indicators External trade Euro-Indicators Transport Eurostat yearbook Environment and energy Sustainable Development Science and technology Themes Sustainable development indicators - full view External trade Economic development Transport Poverty and social exclusion Environment and energy Ageing society Science and technology Public health Predefined tables Climate change and energy Structural indicators - Full view Production and consumption patterns General economic background Management of natural resources Employment Transport Innovation and research Good governance Economic reform Global partnership Social cohesion Data Environment Data explorer - Full view Euro-Indicators - full view General and regional statistics Balance of payments Euroindicators database Business and consumer surveys Regions Consumer prices Urban audit External trade Economy and finance Industry, commerce and services Main economic indicators Labour market National accounts (incl. GDP) Monetary and financial indicators Government statistics National accounts Financial accounts Long-term indicators - full view Metadata guidelines Economy and finance Legal acts Population and social conditions Metadata: Projects and links Industry, trade and services Publications Agriculture, forestry and fisheries Panorama of the EU

254 Pocketbooks Forestry Methods and nomenclatures Fisheries Detailed tables External trade Research in official statistics External trade Working papers and studies Transport Statistics in focus Transport Catalogues Environment and energy News releases Environment How to buy Energy Eurostat activities Science and technology About Eurostat Science and technology CEIES Methodology General and regional statistics Eurostat’s Classification Server (RAMON) Dedicated section: Co-operation SDDS (Special Data Dissemination Standard) Dedicated section: Regions Eurostat concepts and definitions database Portrait of the regions (CODED) Economy and finance Methods and explanatory texts: Business meth- European business ods Population and social conditions European system of accounts ESA Agriculture and fisheries Related publications and legal acts: Exchange and interest rates Working papers and studies Monetary and other financial statistics Methods and nomenclatures Prices Eurostat news Balance of payments Other activities Population and social conditions European Statistical System (ESS) Population Quality Health Call for tenders and grants Education and training European Communication Policy Labour market ESS new feeds (RSS) Living conditions and welfare Services Tourism Help/Data support Industry, trade and services First visit Horizontal view FAQ Industry and construction Press centre Distributive trades Copyright Services Links Financial services Site map Information society statistics Concepts/Definitions Agriculture and fisheries Access to microdata Agriculture

255 Eurostato svetainiø iðsamaus abëcëlinio meniu, palengvinanèio paieðkà, adresas: • http://epp.eurostat.cec.eu.int/portal/page?_pageid=1090,39186808&_ dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL (jame pateikiamas ir pagrindiniø rodikliø grupiø suvestinis sàraðas), statistikos DB taikomi vadinamieji ES politikos metaduomenø sklaidos standartai (Special Data Dissemination Standard). Eurostato svetainëje pristatomi ir Europos statistikos (ESS) plëtros 2003–2007 m. programos matmenys. Joje galima rasti ESS gaires koordi- nuojant statistikos duomenis su OECD, Jungtinëmis Tautomis (UN), Tarptautiniu pinigø fondu, Pasaulio banku. Be to, Eurostatas plëtoja ir kitus projektus, informacija apie kuriuos pateikiama kituose ðios svetainës (http:/ /epp.eurostat.cec.eu.int) tinklalapiuose: • Europos sàskaitø sistema (European System of Accounts), kuri nustato ES nariø ðaliø nacionalinës apskaitos lyginamàsias metodikas; • Intrastat – nauja ES ðaliø vidaus prekybos apskaitos sistema, besi- formuojanti bendroje ES rinkoje panaikinus ðaliø nariø muitø barjerus; • Prodcom – tobulinama ES pramoninës statistikos klasifikacija – pirmoji suderinta produktø nomenklatûra; nauja ES darbo jëgos ir suderintø vartojimo kainø indeksø sistema, palengvinanti bendrø konvergencijos kriterijø taikymà Europos pinigø erdvëje. 2006 EBPO Factbook – 24 valstybiø bendrieji statistikos duomenys pagal ðalis adresu http:// www.oecd.org/infobycountry: duomenys pagal veiklos sritis ir makroekonominius rodiklius – www. SourceOECD.org/factbook:

OECD Factbook 2006 – Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics

256 Su Eurostato svetaine susijæs pateikiamas suvestinis Ramone ES statistikos duomenø klasifikacijø puslapis (http://ec.europa.eu/comm/eurostat/ ramon/index.cfm?):

RAMON Eurostat’s Classifications Server Name Abbreviation Family Standard International Age Classifications (1982) Other Classification by Broad Economic Categories in Terms of the BEC Rev. 3 Aggregate Standard International Trade Classification, Revision 3 (1990) classifications Classification of Branches of the National Economy (1975) CBNE Activities Classification of Types of Constructions (1998) CC Products Classification of Environmental Protection Activities CEPA 2000 Environment and Expenditure (CEPA 2000) Classification of Environmental Protection Facilities (1994) Environment Classification of Commodities Products Classification for Land Use Statistics: Eurostat Remote CLUSTERS Land use / Land Sensing Programme (1993) cover Combined Nomenclature, 2006 CN 2006 Products Concepts and Definitions Database (CODED) Other Corine Land Cover Classification (1985) CORINE Land use / Land cover Statistical Classification of Products by Activity in CPA 2002 Products the European Economic Community, 2002 version

Ið JAV valstybiniø statistikos institucijø DB iðskirtini kokybiðki ðios ðalies Prekybos departamento Ekonominës analizës biuro finansø ir komercijos DB tinklalapiai (http://www.stat-usa.gov, http://www.bea.doc.gov), kuriuose pateikiama regioninë ir nacionalinë statistika, tarptautiniai ir pramoniniai apskaitos ir analitiniai rodikliai (multiplikatoriai, sànaudø ir iðeigos tarpða- kiniai balansai ir pan.).

• http://www.bea.doc.gov – JAV prekybos departamento Ekonominiø tyrimø biuro internetinës DB svetainë; skelbia atvirai prieinamà nacionaliniø ekonominiø sàskaitø statistikà, regioninius ir atskirø JAV valstijø metinius tarpðakinius balansus, tarptautinæ makrostatistikà, publikacijas nacionaliniø ekonominiø sàskaitø metodikos ir tyrimø klausimais.

257 Search for documents that contain:

“Fuzzy” searches: Look for word variations? No Click Here for the Alternative Search. Some of the types of searches that can be entered in the space above: • United States [same as United and States] “United States” • China • (China or Taiwan) and “United States” Click Here for help using the site search options.

Pick a database category: All and/or Select which database(s) to search: • Agricultural Trade Leads • Selected publications • AgWorld Attache (GAIN) reports • State of the Nation Library • Country Commercial Guides • Trade Opportunity Program leads • Defense Logistics Agency procurements • United Nations Trade Leads Demands • FedBizOpps (CBD) procurements • United Nations Trade Leads Offers • Industry Sector Analysis reports • State of the Nation Archive • International Market Insight reports • International Trade Library • Market Research Library • Multilateral Development Bank • National Export Directory

Èia pat rasime ir svarbiausiø ekonominës statistikos terminø ir san- trumpø aiðkinamàjá þodynëlá (http://www.bea.doc.gov/bea/glossary/glossary_ c.htm), reikalavimus, keliamus kokybiðkai statistikos informacijai – duomenø ðaltiniams ir matavimø metodikoms, vertinant statistikà, agreguojant, apibendrinant, perþiûrint rodiklius (http://www.bea.doc.gov/bea/about/ infoqual.htm). Su JAV prekybos departamento statistine baze susijusi JAV cenzø biuro prekybos ir kitø ekonominiø faktø DB: www.census.gov – JAV gyventojø, prekybos, bûstø, prekiø atsargø, paslaugø, skurdo ir kitø suraðymø statis- tiniø DB internetinë svetainë. Uþ naudojimàsi duomenimis ir kasmet leidþiamà metraðtá Statistical Abstract reikia mokëti 75 JAV dolerius per mën. arba 300 JAV doleriø per metus (ádomu tai, kad uþsakymø puslapio pavyzdys pateikiamas dar su sena metine prenumeratos kaina, 175 JAV doleriai, þr. http://www.stat-usa.gov/hometest.nsf/ref/Individual_ Order). Jos meniu:

258 Your Gateway to Census 2000 · Census 2000 EEO Tabulations · Summary File 4 (SF 4) · Summary File 3 (SF 3) People Estimates · American Community Survey · Projections · Housing · Income | State Family Income · Poverty · Health Insurance · International · Genealogy Business Economic Cen- sus · NAICS · Survey of Business Owners · Government · E-Stats · Foreign Trade | Export Codes · Local Employment Dynamics Geography Maps · TIGER · Gazetteer Newsroom Releases · Facts For Features · Minority Links · Broadcast and Photo Services · U.S. Census Bureau Report: Tabulating Prisoners at Their “Permanent Home of Record” Address Special Topics Hurricane Data · Census Calendar · Training · For Teachers · Statistical Abstract · FedStats · FirstGov

JAV cenzø biuro DB pristato ir JAV statistikos suvestines bei metraðèius (ðiuo metu – 125 leidimas):

USA Statistics in Brief Mini Historical Statistics State Rankings Key Federal Statistical Agency Reports Guide to State Statistical Abstracts State and Metropolitan Area Data Book – Comprehensive data for states and metropolitan areas USA Counties – Over 5,000 data items for all counties County and City Data Book – Data for all counties and cities with a population of 25 000 or more State & County QuickFacts – Quick, easy access to Census facts about people, business, and geography MapStats – Profiles with data from many Federal sources for your state, county, and city

Su ðia svetaine susijusi EK uþsienio prekybos DB (European Commi- ssion’s Commerce Exterieur DB, Comext, http://www.eurotradeonline. gov). Leidimà áeiti galima prenumeruoti uþ 1015 JAV doleriø 1 mën. arba 2900 JAV doleriø metams. JAV darbo departamento (US Department of Labor, Boureau of Labor Statistics) demografinës statistikos DB prieinama internete adresu http:/ /www.bls.gov/data/home.htm. Joje pateikiamos iðsamios duomenø lentelës apie JAV gyventojus, uþimtumà, atlyginimus, gyvenimo lygá ir pan., kurios turi ne tik faktinës, bet ir metodinës svarbos. Paieðkos meniu pateikiamas toliau:

Inflation & Consumer Spending Consumer Price Index • Inflation Calculator • Contract Escalation • Producer Price Indexes • Import/ Export Price Indexes • Consumer Expenditures • Price Index Research Wages, Earnings, & Benefits Wages by Area and Occupation • Earnings by Industry • Employee Benefits • Employment Costs • State and County Wages • National Compensation Data • Collective Bargaining • Wage Calculator

259 Productivity Productivity and Costs • Multifactor Productivity • International Comparisons Safety & Health Injuries and Illnesses • Fatalities • Incidence Rate Calculator • Profiles International Import/Export Price Indexes • Foreign Labor Statistics • International Technical Cooperation Occupations Occupational Outlook Handbook • Occupational Outlook Quarterly • Employment • Wages by Area and Occupation • Injuries, Illnesses, and Fatalities • Employment Projections • Standard Occupational Clas- sification (SOC) Demographics Demographic Characteristics of the Labor Force • Geographic Profile of Employment and Unemploy- ment • Consumer Expenditures • Injuries, Illnesses, and Fatalities • Longitudinal Studies • Time Use Other Statistical Sites FEDSTATS • Census Bureau • Bureau of Economic Analysis • More » BLS Information Offices New England (Boston, MA) • New York-New Jersey (New York, NY) • Mid-Atlantic (Philadelphia, PA) • Southeast (Atlanta, GA) • Midwest (Chicago, IL) • Southwest (Dallas, TX) • Mountain-Plains (Kansas City, MO ) • Western (San Francisco, CA) About BLS BLS Programs and Surveys • Jobs in BLS • Information Quality • More » Employment & Unemployment National Employment • National Unemployment Rate • State and Local Employment • State and Local Unemployment Rates • Mass Layoffs • Employment Projections • Job Openings and Labor Turnover • Employment by Occupation • Longitudinal Studies • State and County Employment • Time Use • Busi- ness Employment Dynamics • Employment Research At a Glance Tables U.S. Economy at a Glance • Regions, States, and Areas at a Glance • Industries at a Glance Publications Occupational Outlook Handbook • Monthly Labor Review Online • Compensation and Working Condi- tions Online • Occupational Outlook Quarterly • The Editor’s Desk • Career Guide to Industries • Eco- nomic News Releases • More » Research Research Papers • Employment • Price Index • Survey Methods Research Industries Industries at a Glance • Employment, Hours, and Earnings • Occupations • Injuries, Illnesses, and Fatalities • Producer Price Indexes • Employment Costs • Productivity • NAICS Business Costs Producer Price Indexes • Employment Costs • Employee Benefits • Foreign Labor Costs • Import/Export Prices • Unit Labor Costs Geography State and Local Employment • State and Local Unemployment Rates • State and County Employment and Wages • Geographic Profile of Employment and Unemployment • Mass Layoffs • Consumer Price Index • Consumer Expenditures • Injuries, Illnesses, and Fatalities • Wages by Area and Occupation • Create Customized Maps (Unemployment Rates)

260 Be valstybiniø ir tarptautiniø statistikos DB internete, galima rasti nemaþai ir privaèiø gerai parengtø interneto svetainiø, pateikianèiø statistikos duomenø. Prie jø priskirtina 200 tûkstanèiø makroekonominiø JAV, Australijos, ECB ir Japonijos rodikliø laiko eiluèiø bei taikomøjø prognoziø DB: http://www.economagic.com. DB susieta su automatinio vertimo aðtuoniomis kalbomis programa Babelfish. DB paieðkos meniu:

Most Requested Series Browse by Region Browse by Source U.S. Government Federal Reserve, Board of Governors Interest Rates Industrial Production, Capacity, Utilization and Electric Power Use Credit Market Debt Outstanding Consumer Credit Household Debt Service and Financial Obligations Ratios Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey Federal Reserve, St. Louis Macroeconomic data Federal Reserve, Dallas Macroeconomic data Federal Reserve, New York: Daily Foreign Exchange Federal Reserve, Philadelphia: Third Federal Reserve District, Business Outlook Survey Federal Housing Finance Board: Terms On Conventional Single-Family Mortgages Census Bureau Manufacturing Shipments, Inventories, and Orders Retail Sales and Inventories Also link to Personal Consumption Expenditure Building Permits by Region, State, and Metro Areas Housing Construction Housing Starts, Under Contruction, and Completions House Sales Construction Put in Place Private and Public Bureau of Labor Statistics Employment and Unemployment United States States Metropolitan Statistical Areas: (Old MSA definitions) Micropolitan Statistical Areas US Nonfarm Employment State and City Employment Job Openings and Labor Turnover International Employment and Prices Consumer Price Index by Item and Place Producer Price Index by Product US Employment Cost Index

261 Business Employment Dynamics Congressional Budget Office: Potential Output and NAIRU Department of Commerce BEA: National Accounts (Gross Domestic Product) BEA: Gross State Product BEA: State Personal Income, Per Capita, and Population Business Cycle Indicators Not updated but popular Department of Labor: Claims for Unemployment Insurance Department of the Treasury: US Public Debt Department of EnergyMonthly Energy Weekly Gasoline Prices LIBOR Australia Bank of Japan and Economic Planning Agency of Japan Central Bank of Europe Trade Associations and Private Companies Bridge/CRB Spot Indices Annual eur macro data for key macroeconomic variables ISM: Institute for Supply Management Stock Price Indexes

Annual eur macro data for key macroeconomic variables

Ekonominio bendradarbiavimo GDP, real ir plëtros organizacijos (OECD) Consumption ðaliø makroekonominiø rodikliø lai- Investment ko rodikliø serijø ir jø grafiná vaizda- Government spending vimà pateikia ádomiai organizuotas Exports (matricos forma) svetainës http:// Imports www.fgn.unisg. ch/eurmacro/macroda Saving Taxes ta/datamtrx.html paieðkos meniu (to- monney supply M1 liau – jo fragmentas paieðkos rodik- Interest rate liø grupëmis): Exchange rate Current account Capital account Inflation rate Unemployment rate Real wage GDP, nomnal GDP, growth rate, real Population

262 Globalinëje finansø duomenø bazëje (http://www.globalfindata.com) apþvelgiamos akcijø ir obligacijø birþos, jø istorija, pinigø keitimo galimybës bei daugelis kitø su finansais susijusiø temø. Ðios DB iðskirtinumas yra tas, kad èia galima rasti apibendrintà ne tik ðiø dienø informacijà apie konkreèiø ámoniø ir bendroviø pastarøjø metø pelno ataskaitas, bet ir netgi istoriniø duomenø apie infliacijos ir pelno kitimà. Vadovaujamasi tuo principu, kad þmogus arba ámonë, norintys investuoti arba uþsiimti kokia nors kitokia finansine veikla, pirmiausia turi susidaryti pradiná vaizdà apie birþas, perprasti jø veikimà, veiklos kitimà, kuris pasireiðkia per daugelá metø. Paieðkos kriterijø sistema yra tokia:

Global Financial Database : Database Categories · Annual Files · Bond Indices · Sector Indices-Finance les · Central Bank Interest Rates · Sector Indices-Health Care · Commercial Paper Yields · Sector Indices-Industrials · Commodity Indices · Sector Indices-Information Technology · Commodity Prices · Sector Indices-Materials · Consumer Price Indices · Sector Indices-Telecommunications · Corporate Bond Yields · Sector Indices-Transports · Deposit Rates · Sector Indices-Utilities · Exchange Rates · Stock Indices-Composites · Futures Contracts · Stock Indices-Size and Style · Government Bond Yields · Stock Market - AMEX · Gross Domestic Product · Stock Market - NASDAQ · Individual Stocks · Stock Market - NYSE · Interbank Interest Rates · Stocks-Capitalization, Volume · Interest Rate Swaps · Stocks-Dividend Yields and P/E Ratios · Intraday Data · Stocks-Technical Indicators · Lending Rates · Total Return Indices-Bills · Overnight and Call Money Rates · Total Return Indices-Bonds · Population · Total Return Indices-Stocks · Sector Indices-Consumer Discretionary · Treasury Bill Yields · Sector Indices-Consumer Staples · Unemployment Rates · Sector Indices-Energy · Wholesale Price Indices

263 Globalfindata svetainës duomenø baziø pranaðumas yra tas, kad jose investuotojams pateikiami finansiniai duomenys ið daugiau kaip 150 ðaliø, dël to norintys investuoti fiziniai ir juridiniai asmenys gali nesunkiai iðsiaiðkinti finansinæ padëtá, infliacijos kitimo tempus JAV, Europoje ir kitose ðalyse, jø birþose. Ðiose DB yra beveik 6500 statistiniø laiko eiluèiø, ið kuriø maþdaug 3000 – nuolat atnaujinami einamieji duomenys; kai kuri statistinë informacija pateikiama netgi nuo 1624 metø. Nemokamai perþiûrëti galima tik kuriø makroekonominës ir istorinës statistikos rodikliø lenteles, uþ visà kità informacijà reikia mokëti. Prie kiekvienos srities statistikos DB yra aiðkinamoji rodikliø ir terminø bazë pdf formatu, apibûdinanti statistikos ðaltinius, rodikliø palyginamumà ir DB sudarymo ypatumus (bendroji finansø ir ilgalaikiø rodikliø, globaliniø rinkø ir JAV birþø, palûkanø ir áplaukø, ðaliø metiniø rodikliø enciklopedijos). Be to, prie svetainës yra internetinë valiutø kursø istorijos publikacija. Uþsisakyta informacija atsiunèiama elektroniniu paðtu Excel arba ASCII formatais arba automatiðkai atnaujinama (iki 2000 bylø), atsiunèiami statistiniø DB kompaktiniai diskai. Kainos atskiroms DB apie 150 ðaliø ekonomikà parsisiøsdinti siekia nuo 50 iki 95 JAV doleriø (reikia pasirinkti per parà ið pateikiamo sàraðo), konkreèiø 1–10 bylø prenumerata siekia nuo 150 iki 1250 JAV doleriø ir po 125 JAV doleriø uþ kiekvienà papildomà, metiniø DB prenumerata – 350 JAV doleriø (daugiau kaip 300 JAV doleriø vertës uþsakymams nuolaida – 10 proc., daugiau kaip 500 JAV doleriø – 15 proc.):

Retrospektyvios kasdienës DB iki 1980 m. 50 JAV dol. uþ bylà Retrospektyvios kasdienës DB nuo 1970 m. 70 JAV dol. uþ bylà Mënesinës ir savaitinës DB 25 JAV dol. uþ bylà Metinës miniduomenø bazës 250 JAV dol. uþ bazæ Kurios nors ðalies metinis duomenø paketas 350 JAV dol.

Finansinës duomenø bazës kompaktiniø plokðteliø uþsisakymas DB Periodiðkumas Bylø skaièius Statistiniø Kaina eiluèiø pradþia Globali Kasdienë, 5000+ 1590 8000 JAV dol. finansiniø kassavaitinë, duomenø bazë kasmënesinë Mënesinë DB kasmënesinë 5000+ 1624 1500–3500 prenumerata JAV dol.

264 Specifinës duomenø bazës Periodiðkumas Bylø skaièius Statistiniø Kaina eiluèiø pradþia Ilgalaikë finansø Kas mënesá 700 1590 2500 JAV dol. DB

Ilgalaikë akcijø Kas mënesá 500 1693 3500 JAV dol. DB rinkø DB Ilgalaikë metinë Kasmet 12 1664 3500 JAV dol. finansiniø DB JAV birþø rinkos Kasdien 100 1885 2500 JAV dol. indeksø kasdienë DB Uþsienio birþø Kasdien 500 1930 3500 JAV dol. rinkos indeksø kasdienë DB Bendroji áplaukø Kas mënesá 80 1693 3000 JAV dol. DB JAV palûkanø Kasdien, DB kas savaitæ 150 1872 3000 JAV dol. Valiutø kursø Kasdien ...... 2500 JAV dol. rinkos DB Uþsienio palûkanø Kas mënesá 1000 1700 3500 JAV dol. DB DJ pramoninio Kasdien ...... 2500 JAV dol. vidurkio indeksø JAV akcijø rinkø Kas savaitæ 500 1871 2000 JAV dol. sektoriø DB Uþsienio rinkø Kas mënesá 2200 1811 2500 JAV dol. akcijø DB Mënesinë visø Kas mënesá 3000 1624 8000 JAV dol. DB prenumerata

Prenumeratoriams Globalfindata administratoriai garantuoja asmeni- nes konsultacijas dël 5800 bylø duomenø. • http://www.ipums.umn.edu – Minesotos gyventojø centro demografi- nës pasaulio ir JAV statistikos interneto svetainë;

265 • http://www.unesco.org/most/dare.htm – UNESCO kultûros statistikos DB, jos glausta struktûra tokia:

DARE Database offers over 11,000 worldwide references to • social science research and training institutes • social sciences specialists • social science documentation and information servines • social science periodicals The database also contains special references to • peace, human rights and international law research institutes.

Smulkiau UNESCO statistikos ir faktiniø DB paieðkos kriterijø abëcëlinis meniu pateikiamas toliau:

AIDS Cultural Diversity Archives Portal Cultural Policies Artists for Peace Cultural Tourism Arts and Creativity Culture Associate Experts Culture and Development Associated Schools Culture of Peace Basic & Engineering Sciences Democracy and Governance Bioethics Depository Libraries of UNESCO Publishing Biosphere Reserves (MAB programme) Dialogue among Civilizations Bookshop at UNESCO Headquarters Director-General Bookshop online (UNESCO Publishing) Documentation Services (UNESCO) Business Opportunities (UNESCO’s pro- Documents and Publications (UNESDOC) curement activities) Early Childhood & Family Celebrity Advocates Earth Sciences Chairs UNITWIN/UNESCO Education Child in My Street Exhibition Education and ICTs Clubs (UNESCO) Education for All Coastal Regions and Small Islands Education in Emergency, Crisis and Reconstruction Communication and Information Education Plans and Policies Communities (UNESCO) E-Governance Community Media E-Heritage preservation Community Multimedia Centres Employment (UNESCO) Constitution of UNESCO Ethical Issues of Information Society Copyright Ethics (Social and Human Sciences) Coupons (UNESCO) Executive Board Creative Content: Radio, TV, New Media Fellowships (UNESCO) Cultural & Linguistic Diversity in Education Field Network (UNESCO)

266 Forums (UNESCO) Medium-Term Strategy Freedom of Expression Member States Fresh Water Memory of the World Gender Mainstreaming Multilingualism in Cybperspace General Conference Multimedia (UNESCO Publishing) Goodwill Ambassadors National Commissions Heritage (Culture) Natural Sciences Higher Education Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) History of UNESCO Non-Formal Education HIV/AIDS Non-Violence Education Human Genome Normative Action in Culture Human Rights Observatory of the Information Society Human Rights, Democracy and Peace Educa- Oceans tion Organizational Chart of UNESCO Human Security and Peace Palestinian-European Cooperation in Education- Hydrological Programme (IHP) PEACE Programme ICTs and Education Parliamentarians Inclusive Education People, Biodiversity and Ecology (MAB) Independent Press People with disabilities and ICTs Indigenous People (Culture) Periodicals (UNESCO Publishing) Indigenous People and the Media Permanent Delegations Information for Community Development Philosophy Information Processing Tools Photo bank (UNESCO Publishing) Intercultural Dialogue Physical Education and Sport Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Poetry (IOC) Preservation of Documentary Heritage Internal Oversight Service Primary Education International Days, Years, Decades Prizes and Anniversaries (UNESCO) International Migration Programme and Budget (UNESCO) Internships at UNESCO Prospective Studies Knowledge Portal (UNESCO) Public Domain Information Least Developed Countries and UNESCO Public Service Broadcasting Legal Instruments (UNESCO) Publishing (UNESCO) Libraries Portal Racism, discrimination and xenophobia Library (UNESCO) Radio,TV and New Media : Creative Content Local and Indigenous Knowledge System - Recycling IT equipments LINKS Right to Education Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Science & Technology Education Management of Social Transformations (MOST) Science Policy Medals Secondary Education Media Development Small Islands (Barbados +10) Media Education Social and Human Sciences Media Services Social Transformations (MOST)

267 Statistics (UNESCO) Women Strategic Planning (UNESCO) Women and gender equality Sustainable Development Women and the Media Teacher Education Women in Science Technical & Vocational Education Working for UNESCO Tolerance World commission on culture and development Training of Information and Media Professionals World Heritage UNESCO New Courier Youth Urban Issues Youth and HIV/AIDS Virtual gallery of works of art at UNESCO head- Youth and the Information Society quarters Water

• http://www.nationmaster.com – pasaulio ðaliø ir regionø statistikos ir kitø faktø pagal rodikliø grupes internetinës direktorijos, kuriose galima grafiðkai vaizduoti jø dinamikà, dar apima populiarios enciklopedijos tinklalapius; • http://www.sociosite.net/databases.php; http://www2.fmg.uva.nl/ sociosite/databases.html – Socialiniø mokslø DB svetainëje skelbiami statistikos ir tyrimø bei rodikliø metodologijos tinklalapiai (dar þr. .../databases. html#REF); • http://www.consensuseconomics.com/special_data.htm – mokamos makroekonominës statistikos ir 200 rodikliø prognoziø bei kitø apþvalgø interneto svetainë; DB kaina nurodoma tinklalapyje:.../ordering.htm (pvz., Rytø Europos DB paketo – 627–667 JAV doleriai; istoriniø eiluèiø – 1457 JAV doleriai, mënesiniø duomenø atnaujinimas – 1457 JAV doleriai); • http://www.ecowin.com – plataus profilio (100 ðaliø) internetinë ekonomikos ir finansø statistikos (áskaitant suvestinius birþø kotiruoèiø rodiklius) ir grafikos priemoniø svetainë; pradiniai duomenys – ið 700 pasaulio statistikos DB; • http://www.econstats.com – JAV (.../index_us.htm, daug ðaltiniø) ir globalinës statistikos (Pasaulio banko, Tarptautinio pinigø fondo), prognoziø ir konjunktûriniø rodikliø bei finansiniø birþø sandoriø suvestinë interneto svetainë; reikia registruotis; • http://www.bvdny.com/EIU%20 CountryData.html – VanDijk statistikos rodikliø mokama internetinë svetainë; apima 150 ðaliø (45 regionø) 317 duomenø serijø nuo 1980 iki 2007 m., BNP, pinigø ir iþdo, demografiniø, uþsienio prekybos, mokëjimø balansø ir kitø rodikliø; taip pat 181 ðalies trumpalaikes politines ir ekonomines prognozes ir 100 besivystanèiø ðaliø rizikos analizes, paremtas 77 rodikliø apibendrinimu; vartotojams reikia registruotis;

268 • http://pwt.econ.upenn.edu/ – Pen- silvanijos universiteto Tarptautiniø palyginimø centro svetainë, kurioje pateikiami 167 ðaliø nacionaliniø sàskaitø duomenys bei maþdaug 30 makrorodikliø laiko eilutës, daugiausia nuo 1950 m.;

• http://globalmetrix.com – jungtinë MergeGlobal, Inc. ir Oxford Economic Fore- casting internetinë makroekonominiø rodik- liø ir prognoziø svetainë, teikianti mokamà informacijà apie 72 ðaliø ir daugiau kaip 300 veiklos sektoriø padëtá; pagrindiniai paieðkos kriterijai yra ðie:

One source for global planning information combining: • Macroeconomic data • Industry and Employment data • International trade data • All inclusive data sets covering the global economy from 1990 forecasted through 2010 • Total service costs less than combining a la carte macro services and country/industry specific data sets Economic briefings covering: • Macro and industrial sector developments • Planning techniques and approaches • Reports on economic developments in leading 72 economies, together with forecast reports covering the global macro economy and key industries Key inputs for economic planning • Enables comparison of industry performance and prospects at a detailed level • Assess emerging market potentials as well as projecting existing market demand

• http://www.ggdc.net/index-dseries.html – Groningen Growth and De- velopment Centre 99 ðaliø ir 60 veiklos sektoriø (98 proc. pasaulio BNP) statistikos rodikliø interneto DB; atnaujinama dukart per metus; teikiami 1950–2000 m. 30 ðaliø produktyvumo rodikliai; kapitalo formavimo ir ekonomikos augimo rodikliai – 14 Europos ðaliø; duomenys atviri; • http://www.lisproject.org/keyfigures.htm – Liuksemburgo pajamø tyrimø centro 25 EBPO ðaliø pajamø diferenciacijos, gyvenimo lygiø, skurdo ir susijusiø rodikliø pagal namø ûkiø tyrimus DB. Kaip jau minëta pirmoje dalyje, labai svarbios ir gausios statistikos bei jos analizës priemoniø galima rasti integruotos informacinës sistemos

269 Euromonitor International (www.euromonitor.com/gmid) svetainëje (þr. GMID, Global Market Information Database). Daugiausia informacijos apie tarptautines 350 produktø rinkas, 205 ðaliø 1200 ekonominiø rodikliø ir jø prognozes 1977–2016 m., 52 ðaliø 15 tûkst. bendroviø 1998–2009 m., jø kotiruotes, vartotojø elgsenà, maþmeninæ prekybà, finansinius rodiklius; 30 ðaliø duomenys pateikiami 15-oje iðsamiø finansiniø ekonominiø blokø (informacija ið 35 tûkst. ðaltiniø; galima naudotis MRU bibliotekos arba intraneto tinkle). DB sandara leidþia lyginti rodiklius, sudaryti grafiná tendencijø vaizdavimà, atskirø suvestiniø ðaliø rodikliø palyginamuosius tarptautinius reitingus, rodiklius perskaièiuoti palyginamàja valiuta. • http://www.globalinsight. com – 150–200 pasaulio ðaliø 50–120 sektoriø ekonominiø prognoziø ir statistikos duomenø mokama inter- netinë bazë; skelbia globalios rizikos ávertinimus 120 ðaliø ir 66 ûkio sek- toriø 70 ðaliø rinkø analizæ; 70 ðaliø energetinio sektoriaus analizæ; svetainë taip pat teikia konsultacijas (23 kalbomis) firmoms, vyriausybëms, organizacijoms; informuoja apie finansines bei ekonomines pasaulio naujienas. Siûlomi ðie paieðkos kriterijai:

Products and Services Financial Government Countries & Regions Industries Information Technology North America Sources Media and Advertising U.S. Economy Software Telecommunications U.S. Regional Econometric, Trade Litigation Support Canada Modeling, Trade and Transportation Mexico and Data Management Travel and Tourism World Data Navigation and Retrieval U.S. Business Demographics World Overview Consulting Industry Western Europe Automative Agriculture Asia and Oceania Business Economics Automotive Emerging Europe Consumer Markets Chemicals Latin America Construction Construction Middle East and Africa Economic Impact and Corporate Electronic Components and Com- Data & Software Responsibility puters Data Energy Energy Automotive Financial Services and Credit Risk Health Care Economic Management Machinery and Equipment

270 Media and Advertising Real Estate - Residential Transportation Services Nondurable Goods Services Travel and Tourism Nonferrous Metals Steel Wholesale and Retail Trade Paper and Packaging Transportation Equipment

• http://www.oef.com – Oksfordo ekonominiø prognoziø svetainë (16 ðaliø ir regionø); teikia mokamas makroekonominiø, socialiniø, gamybos ir kelioniø rodikliø prognozes registruotiems vartotojams; taip pat pdf formatu informacijà apie globalius ir Anglijos ekonomikos modelius, besivys- tanèias ðalis ir rinkas, sektorinës analizës duomenis; • http://www.economicatlas.com/main/index.php? – anglø ir prancûzø kalbomis sudaryta pasaulio ðaliø ekonominiø institucijø svetainiø, dis- ponuojanèiø oficialia statistika, nuorodø DB; pateikiami ir duomenys apie politinæ ðalies padëtá; • http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy.html – pasaulio ðaliø eiliðkumo pagal pagrindinius ekonominius rodiklius tinklalapiai; svetainë sudaryta remiantis neatnaujintais JAV centrinës þvalgybos agentûros duomenimis; • http://www.countrydata.com – 140 ðaliø ekonominës statistikos rodikliø suvestinë, dalies jø – nuo 1984 m.; taip pat prognozës ir jø rizikin- gumo (paklaidø) ávertinimai; kai kurie duomenys mokami (þr. pagrindiniø rodykliø meniu):

GDP per Capita · GDP · Competitiveness · External Debt · Household Income · Inflation Rate · Electricity Production · Nuclear Energy Production as % of Total · Unemployment Rate · Tourist Arrivals by Country

271 • http://queriinternational.com – 72 ðaliø 64 gamybos sektoriø pak- lausos ir gamybos statistikos rodikliø ir ekonometriðkai pakoreguotø struk- tûriniø duomenø ir laiko eiluèiø (econometric pooled-cross-sectional-timeseries (PCSTS)) internetinë DB, tvarko D. Blond; paieðkos meniu pateikiamas toliau:

QuERI databases are derived from public information sources (UN, World Bank, ILO, and national sources). Data has been cleaned and standardized and forecast through 2015 (1990-2015) with long- term forecasts through 2050 available by special request. Complete data is available for 72 countries as well as numerous regional aggregates. Complete data is available for each country: Market Demand – Market Potential, based on a sophisticated input-output methodology adjusted for differences in consumption patterns between countries. Measures potential size by sources of demand. Available in aggregated form or on special demand by individual consumption categories or industry groups – 300 commodities by end-user communities [private consumption, government consumption, business investments, intermediate sales to other industries or service sectors]. Personal Consumption Spending – Useful for consumer product companies worried that changing consumption patterns at varying stages of economic development will impact their markets – 16 categories. Government Expenditures – Provides additional detail on government expenditures by category from defense to social services – 10 categories Industrial Production – Better than industrial production indices (useless for sizing competition strength and performance). Measures production or industry sales in US dollars (both nominal and real, 1995 dollars) – 64 ISIC 3 and 4 digit industry groups. Employment – Used by computer and telecommunications equipment manufactures or companies selling products that depend upon number of employees by type to measure likely penetration. Available by occupational groups as well as industry and country – 64 ISIC 3 and 4 digit industry groups by 7 occupational categories International Trade – Available in two formats complete 92 x 92 matrix of trade flows (nominal and real value trade) by commodity or more aggregated country x six major world regions trade for exports or imports – 80 commodities (3 & 4 digit ISIC plus additional commodities based on a 92 x 92 matrix of trade routes) for exports and imports by mode of transportation (total trade, air and ocean). Market Demand Reports – A comprehensive way to understand the factors that drive market growth and size. Available for 300 commodities for 72 countries.

• http://www.countrywatch.com – 192 pasaulio ðaliø ekonominës statistikos ir energijos poreikiø, BNP ir kitø makrorodikliø 20 metø pro- gnoziø mokama internetinë DB; • http://www.countryreports.org – 260 ðaliø ir teritorijø statistikos rodikliø ir kitø duomenø mokama apþvalginë (26000 tinklalapiø) interneto svetainë; • http://www.wmrc.com/services.html – pasaulio rinkø ir 186 ðaliø eko- nominiø, taip pat kai kuriø prognozës rodikliø bei ðaliø rizikos analizës mokamø duomenø svetainë;

272 • http://www.heritage.org/research/features/index – 2005 m. 161 ðalies ekonominës laisvës indeksas ir 50 nepriklausomø ekonominiø bei socialiniø rodikliø, padalytø á 10 grupiø, internetinë DB (anglø ir ispanø kalbomis); • http://bibl.sh.se/baltic – Baltijos jûros baseino ir kitø valstybiø (ið viso 12 ðaliø, áskaitant Ukrainà ir Baltarusijà) verslo, ekonomikos, aplinkosaugos, socialiniø, regioniniø, bendrø Rytø Europos reikalø ir kitø duomenø svetainë (apima nuorodas á 2422 tinklalapius; Lietuvos tinklalapio adreso tàsa …/ country.asp?l=8); be kultûros, DB apima ðias paieðkos kriterijø grupes:

Business and economy Labour News and media Emigration, immigration, minorities Society and law Social care International relations Gender Human rights Statistics Political science and politics Demography Civil society Insurance Political part Future studies Administration Military and security Law Country information and geography Social issues Environment

• http://www.esds.ac.uk – Ekonominiø ir socialiniø duomenø tarnybos, internetinës jungtinës visø Anglijos institucijø statistiniø DB svetainës adresas; • http://www.statistics.gov.uk – Anglijos valstybinës statistikos tarnybos interneto svetainë; • http://www.clickz.com/stats/sectors/finance – interneto svetainës tinklalapiai, skirti uþsakomiesiems finansø duomenims; nemokamai skelbiamos tik naujienos.

Lietuvos finansiniø ir ekonomikos statistiniø rodikliø DB internete: • http://www.stat.gov.lt/lt/sitemap – Lietuvos statistikos departamen- to svetainës adresas; joje rasime Lietuvos bendrosios ir regioninës, ûkio ir finansø, gyventojø ir socialinës statistikos, verslo, þemës ûkio, prekybos ir kitø ûkio ðaliø statistikos rodikliø (9 temos, duomenys daugiausia nuo 1995 m.), taip pat þemës ûkio suraðymo 2003 m., gyventojø ir bûstø visuotinio suraðymo 2001 m., uþimtumo DB, centrinë nacionaliniø klasifikatoriø duomenø bazë. Dël jo svarbos iðsamus tinklalapiø meniu pateikiamas toliau:

273 STATISTIKA Valstybës ir savivaldybiø biudþetø pajamos ir iðlaidos Regioninë statistika Valstybës ir savivaldybiø biudþetø pajamos ir Bendroji statistika iðlaidos, palygintos su BVP Geografiniai duomenys Valstybinio socialinio draudimo fondo biudþeto Þemëlapiai pajamos ir išlaidos Teritorijos administracinis skirstymas Valstybës turtas Pagrindiniai ðalies 1996–2005 m. ekonominës Mokesèiai ir socialinës raidos rodikliai Materialinës investicijos Ûkis ir finansai (makroekonomika) Materialiniø investicijø struktûra BVP Materialinës investicijos (metiniai rodikliai) BVP, BVP vienam gyventojui Materialinës investicijos (ketvirèiais) BVP, apskaièiuotas gamybos, pajamø ir iðlaidø Materialinës investicijos pagal ekonominës metodais veiklos rûðis (ketvirèiais) Mokëjimø balansas Gyventojai ir socialinë statistika Kainø indeksai Gyventojai Vartotojø kainø indeksai (mënesiniai, ketvirti- Gyventojø skaièius apskrityse ir savivaldybëse niai, metiniai) metø pradþioje Vartotojø kainø indeksai pagal teisës aktus Gyventojø skaièius pagal lytá mieste ir kaime Europos Sàjungos vartotojø kainø indeksai metø pradþioje Gamintojø parduotos visos pramonës produk- Gyventojø skaièius, teritorija ir tankumas cijos kainø indeksai (mënesiniai, ketvirtiniai, apskrityse ir savivaldybëse metiniai) Vidutinis metinis gyventojø skaièius pagal lytá Gamintojø Lietuvos rinkoje parduotos pramo- mieste ir kaime nës produkcijos kainø indeksai (mënesiniai, Gyventojø skaièius pagal lytá ir amþiø metø ketvirtiniai, metiniai) pradþioje Statybos kainø indeksai (mënesiniai, ketvirtiniai, Gyventojø natûrali kaita, santuokos ir iðtuokos metiniai) Suminis gimstamumo rodiklis Eksportuojamø ir importuojamø prekiø vieneto vertës indeksai (ketvirtiniai, vidutiniai metiniai) Tikëtina vidutinë gyvenimo trukmë Tiesioginës uþsienio investicijos Tikëtina vidutinë gyvenimo trukmë nurodyto amþiaus gyventojams Sukauptosios tiesioginës uþsienio investicijos metø pradþioje Mirusieji pagal amþiaus grupes ir mirties prieþastis Sukauptosios tiesioginës uþsienio investicijos pagal ðalis investuotojas metø pradþioje Tarptautinë migracija Sukauptosios tiesioginës uþsienio investicijos Gyventojø tarptautinë migracija apskrityse ir pagal ekonominës veiklos rûðis metø pradþioje savivaldybëse Sukauptosios tiesioginës Lietuvos investicijos Gyventojø natûralus judëjimas apskrityse ir uþsienyje pagal ðalis investuotojas savivaldybëse Sukauptosios tiesioginës Lietuvos investicijos Ádomioji statistika uþsienyje pagal ekonominës veiklos rûðis Moterys ir vyrai Lietuvoje Sukauptosios tiesioginës uþsienio investicijos Moterø ir vyrø skaièius pagal ekonominës veiklos rûðis ir pagrindinës Moterys ir vyrai pagal ðeiminæ padëtá ðalys investuotojos (ketvirèio pradþioje) Pedagogø skaièius Valdþios sektoriaus finansai Gyventojø mokymasis visose mokymo veiklose Valdþios sektoriaus deficitas ir skola Darbo jëgos aktyvumo, uþimtumo ir nedarbo lygis

274 Uþimti gyventojai valstybinëse ir privaèiose ámonëse Laisvos darbo vietos 2006 m. (ketvirèiais) Vidutinis mënesinis bruto darbo uþmokestis pagal Laisvos darbo vietos 2005 m. (ketvirèiais) ekonomikos sektorius Laisvos darbo vietos pagal ekonominës Vidutinës disponuojamos pajamos pagal namø ûkio veiklos rûðis 2005 m. tipà Laisvos darbo vietos pagal profesijø grupes Išrinkti nariai á Lietuvos Respublikos Seimà 2005 m. Kandidatai ir iðrinkti nariai á Europos Parlamentà Uþimtos darbo vietos 2006 m. (ketvirèiais) 2004 m. birþelio 13 d. Uþimtos darbo vietos 2005 m. (ketvirèiais) Lietuvos vaikai Uþimtos darbo vietos pagal ekonominës Vaikai pagal lytá mieste ir kaime veiklos rûðis 2005 m. Vaikai pagal amþiaus grupes Uþimtos darbo vietos pagal profesijø Gimusiøjø skaièius grupes 2005 m. Suminis gimstamumo rodiklis Darbo uþmokestis Gimusiøjø skaièius 1000-èiui 15–17 metø moterø 2002 m. darbo uþmokesèio struktûros Vaikai, gimæ ne santuokoje, pagal motinos amþiø tyrimo informacija Susituokæ nepilnameèiai Metiniai darbo statistikos rodikliai 2002– Iðsituokusios poros pagal turimø vaikø skaièiø 2004 m. Uþimtumas ir darbo rinka (tyrimo duomenimis) Vidutinis mënesinis bruto darbo uþmokes- Gyventojø uþimtumo tyrimo apraðymas ir apibrëþi- tis pagal ekonomikos sektorius, darbuotojø mai kategorijas ir lytá 2003–2006 m. ketvirèiais Pagrindiniai gyventojø uþimtumo rodikliai Vidutinis mënesinis neto darbo uþmokestis 2006 m. (ketvirtiniai) pagal ekonomikos sektorius, darbuotojø kategorijas ir lytá 2003–2006 m. ketvirèiais Pagrindiniai gyventojø uþimtumo rodikliai 2005 m. (ketvirtiniai) Vidutinio mënesinio darbo uþmokesèio indeksai pagal ekonomikos sektorius, Pagrindiniai gyventojø uþimtumo rodikliai darbuotojø kategorijas ir lytá 2003–2006 m. 2004 m. (ketvirtiniai) ketvirèiais (ankstesnis ketvirtis=100) Pagrindiniai gyventojø uþimtumo rodikliai Vidutinio mënesinio darbo uþmokesèio 2003 m. (ketvirtiniai) indeksai pagal ekonomikos sektorius, Pagrindiniai gyventojø uþimtumo rodikliai darbuotojø kategorijas ir lytá 2003–2006 m. Gyventojø iðsilavinimas ketvirèiais (praëjusiø metø atitinkamas Darbo jëga pagal amþiaus grupes ir lytá ketvirtis=100) Darbo jëgos aktyvumo lygis pagal amþiaus grupes Vidutinis mënesinis bruto darbo uþmokes- ir lytá tis pagal ekonomikos sektorius ir ekonomi- Uþimti gyventojai pagal amþiaus grupes ir lytá nës veiklos rûðis, darbuotojø kategorijas ir Uþimtumo lygis pagal amþiaus grupes ir lytá lytá 2000–2006 m. (ketvirèiais) Uþimti gyventojai pagal ekonominës veiklos rûðis ir Minimalieji dydþiai, jø kitimas ir vartotojø lytá kainø indeksai ketvirèiais Uþimti gyventojai pagal profesijø grupes ir lytá Vidutinë metinë darbo kaina, tenkanti Uþimtø gyventojø iðsilavinimas vienam darbuotojui 2000 m. Bedarbiai pagal amþiaus grupes ir lytá Vidutinë darbo kaina, tenkanti vienai iðdirbtai valandai 2000 m. Nedarbo lygis pagal amþiaus grupes ir lytá Ðalies ûkio pagrindiniø profesiniø grupiø Bedarbiai pagal nedarbo trukmæ ir lytá darbuotojø vidutinis mënesinis bruto darbo Bedarbiø iðsilavinimas uþmokestis pagal ekonominës veiklos rûðis Laisvos ir uþimtos darbo vietos bei lytá 2000 m. spalio mën.

275 Darbuotojø pasiskirstymas pagal darbo uþmo- Statyba kesèio dydá 2004–2005 m. spalio mën. Iðduota leidimø naujø gyvenamøjø pastatø Namø ûkiø tyrimai statybai (ketv., met.) Gyvenimo lygio ir santykinio skurdo rodikliai Pastatyta naujø butø (ketv., met.) Vartotojø nuomoniø tyrimas Statybos leidimai naujø negyvenamøjø pastatø Namø ûkiø biudþetø tyrimas 2005 m. statybai (ketv., met.) Ðvietimas, kultûra ir spauda Pastatyta naujø negyvenamøjø pastatø (ketv., Mokymo ástaigø skaièius met.) Besimokanèiøjø skirstymas ðvietimo Ðalies teritorijoje atlikta statybos darbø savo lygmenimis jëgomis Mokymosi aprëptis Gyvenamasis fondas 10 000 gyventojø tenka mokiniø ir studentø Gyvenamasis fondas Mokiniø ir studentø, ágijusiø iðsilavinimà, Asmenø (ðeimø), turinèiø teisæ á socialiná bûstà, skaièius pasiskirstymas pagal sàraðus Tikëtina mokymosi trukmë Asmenims (ðeimoms) iðnuomotos savivaldybiø gyvenamosios patalpos Bibliotekø veikla Asmenys (ðeimos), gavæ valstybës remiamus Knygø, þurnalø ir laikraðèiø leidyba bûsto kreditus Sveikata ir socialinë apsauga Nuosavybës teisiø á gyvenamuosius namus Sveikata atkûrimas Pensininkai ir pensijos Vidaus prekyba ir paslaugos Neágaliøjø socialinë integracija 2004 m. Prekybos ir maitinimo ámoniø apyvarta (be Teisëtvarka PVM) Nusikalstamumas Maþmeninës prekybos ir maitinimo ámoniø 2001 m. gyventojø ir bûstø suraðymas apyvartos (be PVM) indeksai Verslo statistika Maþmeninës prekybos ámoniø parduotuviø Verslo tendencijos skaièius ir prekybos plotas Ámoniø statistika Restoranø ir kitø maitinimo ámoniø tinklas Pagrindiniai verslo struktûros rodikliai Suteiktos paslaugos Ámoniø skaièius pagal dydá ir ekonominæ veiklà, Turizmas 2003 Turizmo pagrindiniai rodikliai (metiniai) Ámoniø finansiniai rodikliai (ketvirtinis Apgyvendinimo ámoniø pagrindiniai rodikliai biuletenis) (mënesiais) Ûkio subjektai Þemës ûkis Veikianèiø ûkio subjektø skaièius pagal Bendroji þemës ûkio produkcija ekonominës veiklos rûðis Pasëliai Veikianèiø ûkio subjektø skaièius pagal ûkio Þemës ûkio augalø derlius subjektø rûðis ir darbuotojø skaièiaus grupes Þemës ûkio augalø derlingumas Áregistruotø ir veikianèiø ûkio subjektø skaièius Gyvuliø ir paukðèiø skaièius pagal ûkio subjektø rûðis Gyvulininkystës produktø gamyba Pramonë Karviø ir paukðèiø produktyvumas Parduotos pramonës produkcijos indeksai Þemës ûkio produktø supirkimas (ankstesnis laikotarpis = 100) Þemës ûkio produkcijos supirkimo kainos Parduotos pramonës produkcijos indeksai (praëjusiø metø atitinkamas laikotarpis = 100) Þemës ûkio produktø supirkimo kainø indeksai Gaminiø gamyba Pagrindiniø þemës ûkio produktø gamyba vienam gyventojui

276 STATISTINIØ ATASKAITØ FORMOS Pagrindiniø maisto produktø suvartojimas Elektroninës ataskaitø formos Þemës ûkio suraðymas (2003 m.) Ataskaitø formos pagal abëcëlæ Uþsienio prekyba Ataskaitø formos pagal statistikos sritis Transportas ir ryšiai INTRASTATAS Transportas Intrastato sistema Keliø ilgis Intrastato ataskaitø pildymas ir pateikimas Keliø transporto priemoniø skaièius Intrastato ribos Kroviniø veþimas Intrastato ataskaitø pildymo, pateikimo ir Keleiviø veþimas priëmimo taisyklës Pagrindiniai telekomunikacijø rodikliai Intrastato ataskaitø teikimo grafikas 2005 m. Aplinkosauga ir energetika Intrastato ataskaitø teikimo grafikas 2006 m. Aplinkosauga Intrastato ataskaitø teikimas elektroniniu bûdu Iðþvalgytø naudingøjø iðkasenø iðtekliai Intrastato ataskaitos Naudingøjø iðkasenø gavyba Intrastato praktinis vadovas Vandens sunaudojimas Klasifikatoriai Teršalø iðmetimas á atmosferà Kombinuotoji nomenklatûra Pagrindiniai Lietuvos miðkø rodikliai Lietuvos Respublikos apskrièiø klasifikatorius Kirtimas valstybiniuose miškuose Sandoriø tipai ir rûðys Energetika Pristatymo sàlygos Pagrindiniø kuro ir energijos rûðiø bendrasis Transporto tipai ir rûðys sunaudojimas Europos Sàjungos valstybiø sàraðas Pagrindiniø kuro ir energijos rûðiø galutinis Pasaulio šalys ir teritorijos sunaudojimas Masës neto ir matavimo vienetø teikimas pagal Materialiniai ištekliai kombinuotàjà nomenklatûrà Medþiagø balansas Matavimo vienetø, naudojamø deklaruojant Metalo lauþo susidarymas prekes Lietuvos muitinei, sàraðas Mokslas ir technologijos Pasiteirauti Mokslo ir technologijø struktûriniai rodikliai KLASIFIKATORIAI Išlaidos moksliniams tyrimams ir eksperi- Paslaugos ir produktai mentinei plëtrai ( MTEP) Statistinës informacijos platinimo skyrius Darbuotojai, dalyvaujantys moksliniuose Ryðiø su visuomene skyrius tyrimuose ir eksperimentinëje plëtroje (MTEP) Biblioteka Informaciniø technologijø naudojimas Elektroninis bibliotekos katalogas DUOMENØ BAZËS Leidiniø katalogas Statistiniø rodikliø duomenø bazë Knygynas Instituciniai sektoriai ir subsektoriai Statistinë analitinë sistema Pasiteirauti Eurostato duomenø konsultantai Instituciniø sektoriø ir subsektoriø klasifika- VEIKLA torius Veiklos planai Paieška Planavimo dokumentai Apibrëþimai ir paaiðkinimai Nuostatai Eurostato duomenø bazë Lietuvos statistikos sistema Kokybë statistikoje

277 Konfidencialumas Informaciniai pranešimai Istorija Projektai TEISINË INFORMACIJA STRUKTÛRA IR KONTAKTAI Ástatymai Organizacinë schema Statistikos ástatymas Struktûriniai padaliniai Gyventojø ir bûstø 2001 m. visuotinio Darbo grupës, komisijos suraðymo ástatymas BENDRADARBIAVIMAS Vyriausybës nutarimai Europos reikalai Generalinio direktoriaus ásakymai NUORODOS

• http://www.lb.lt/lt/statistika/index.htm – Lietuvos banko pinigø politikos, pinigø rinkø ir efektyviøjø lito bei kitø valiutø kursø puslapiai internete; suvestiniai ekonomikos ir finansinio sektoriaus, tarptautiniø atsargø ir mokëjimø balanso, tarptautiniø investicijø ir valstybës skolos duomenys (http://www.lb.lt/lit/statistics/nsdplt.htm, þr. meniu skirsnius):

Duomenø platinimo specialieji standartai Duomenø platinimo specialieji standartai Iðankstinis duomenø skelbimo kalendorius Lietuvos ekonomikos ir finansø duomenys Uþsienio valiutø santykiø statistika Lito ir uþsienio valiutø santykiai Efektyviøjø lito kursø indeksai Pinigø politikos statistika Lietuvos banko paskolø palûkanø normos Bankø sistemos likvidumo bûklë Atpirkimo sandoriø aukcionai Terminuotøjø indëliø aukcionai Pinigø finansiniø institucijø balanso ir pinigø statistika Metodologinës pastabos Statistinis Lietuvos PFI sàraðas Statistinis Europos Sàjungos PFI sàraðas 2.1. Lietuvos banko balansas 2.2. Agreguotas kitø PFI balansas 2.3. Konsoliduotas PFI balansas 2.4. Pinigø statistika 2.5. Kitø PFI paskolos rezidentams, iðskyrus PFI 2.6. Kitø PFI turimi rezidentø, iðskyrus PFI, iðleisti vertybiniai popieriai 2.7. Rezidentø, iðskyrus PFI, indëliai kitose PFI 2.8. Kitø PFI balanso kai kuriø straipsniø iðskaidymas pagal valiutà 2.9. Kai kurie kitø PFI balanso straipsniai pagal rezidentiðkumà

278 Pinigø finansiniø institucijø paskolø ir indëliø palûkanø normø statistika Metodologinës pastabos 3.1. Suteiktos naujos paskolos nefinansinëms korporacijoms ir namø ûkiams ir jø palûkanø normos 3.2. Priimti nefinansiniø korporacijø ir namø ûkiø nauji indëliai ir jø palûkanø normos 3.3. Paskolø nefinansinëms korporacijoms ir namø ûkiams likuèiai ir jø palûkanø normos 3.4. Nefinansiniø korporacijø ir namø ûkiø indëliø likuèiai ir jø palûkanø normos Indëliø palûkanø normos (iki 2005 m.) Paskolø palûkanø normos (iki 2005 m.) Pinigø, valiutø ir finansø rinkø statistika (rodikliø metodikà nustato ECB) Suderintos ilgalaikës palûkanø normos, naudojamos konvergencijai ávertinti VILIBID ir VILIBOR Tarpbankinio skolinimo rinka Vyriausybës vertybiniø popieriø aukcionai Akcijø kainø indeksai Valiutø rinka Mokëjimø balanso ir uþsienio atsargø statistika Tarptautinës atsargos ir uþsienio valiutø likvidumas Oficialiosios tarptautinës atsargos Mokëjimø balansas (ketvirèio, mënesio) Tarptautiniø investicijø balansas Bendroji ðalies skola uþsieniui Paskolos ekonominëms veikloms Mokëjimø priemonës Paskolø ir indëliø pasiskirstymas pagal likuèius ir apskritis (nuo 2001 m. iki 2003 m.)

• http://www.finmin.lt/finmin/index. jsp – Lietuvos Respublikos finansø ministerijos svetainës meniu; pateikiamos valstybës finansø ir fondø statistikos ir valstybës kapitalo investicijø, valstybës skolos, ES ir kitos tarptautinës finansinës paramos DB; paieðkos kriterijø meniu þiûrëti toliau:

Mokesèiø politika Nacionalinis biudþetas Bendrojo ðalies biudþeto politika Biudþetø kreditorinë skola Nacionalinio biudþeto pajamø surinkimo analizë Biudþeto sudarymo ir vykdymo formos Ekonominiai rodikliai ir prognozës Formø rengimo ir perdavimo kompiuteriu tvarka Ekonominë statistika Valstybës fondai Euras Privatizavimo fondas LR biudþetas Rezervinis (stabilizavimo) fondas Valstybës biudþetas 1990 m. blokados fondas Savivaldybiø biudþetai Teisës aktai

279 Valstybës kapitalo investicijos Europos Sàjungos finansinë parama Teisës aktai Struktûriniai fondai VIP 2006–2008 m. rengimas Sanglaudos fondas Kapitalo investicijø pasiskirstymas Pasirengimas 2007–2013 m. laikotarpiui Kita informacija Pereinamojo laikotarpio institucijø plëtros priemonës Valstybës finansø statistika Lietuvos dalyvavimas Europos Bendrijø programose Praneðimai spaudai Finansinë parama iki stojimo á ES Metodologija Kita tarptautinë parama Centrinë valdþia pagal GFSM 2001 Dviðalë parama Valdþios sektorius pagal GFSM 2001 Europos ekonominës erdvës parama Valdþios sektoriaus deficitas pagal ESA 95 Lietuvos teikiama finansinë parama Duomenø platinimo specialieji standartai Tarptautinis bendradarbiavimas Duomenø skelbimo kalendorius Tarptautinis valiutos fondas Valstybës skola TVF publikacijos apie Lietuvà Informaciniai praneðimai Pasaulio bankas Vyriausybës vertybiniai popieriai Pasaulio banko atstovybë Lietuvoje Kredito reitingai Valstybës skolos statistika Leidimai skolininkams Leidiniai ir publikacijos Apskaitos reforma Teisës aktai Teisës aktai Mokesèiai Teisës aktø projektai Lietuvos mokesèiø sistema Vieðojo sektoriaus buhalterinës apskaitos ir finan- Tarptautinis apmokestinimas sinës atskaitomybës sistemos reforma 2005 m. parengti vieðojo sektoriaus apskaitos ir Finansø kontrolë finansinës atskaitomybës standartø projektai Teisës aktai Tarptautiniai vieðojo sektoriaus apskaitos standartai Metodika Rekomenduojama susipaþinti Teisës aktai Galiojantys Vidaus auditas Ministro ásakymai Teisës aktai Projektai Rekomendacijos Naudingos nuorodos Nuorodos ES paramos lëðø audito vadovai Valstybës institucijos Rinkos institucijos Integracija á Europos Sàjungà Tarptautinës organizacijos, institucijos Europos Bendrijø nuosavi iðtekliai Uþsienio ðaliø finansø ministerijos Lietuvos Respublikos derybinës pozicijos derybose dël narystës Europos Sàjungoje, uþ kurias atsakinga Finansø ministerija Lietuvos narystës ES finansiniai aspektai

280 Lietuvos plëtros agentûros svetainës meniu pateikiamas adresu http:// www.lda. lt/sitemap.html su iðskirtomis investicijø, komercijos, uþsienio prekybos statistikos, taip pat patraukliø investuotojams ûkio sektoriø ir verslo teisinës aplinkos duomenø bazëmis:

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281 Plati ir gana iðsami istorinës demografinës statistikos DB pateikiama ðioje interneto svetainëje: http://www.library.uu.nl/wesp/populstat/populframe. html (ji apima ið daugelio ávairiø ðaltiniø surinktos skirtingø ðaliø bendrosios statistikos istorines eilutes ir duomenis grupuoja pagal kontinentus). Palyginamoji Lietuvos gyventojø statistika ðioje DB pateikiama nuo 1840 m. (baigiasi 2005 m. ávertinimu; makroprognozës teikiamos iki 2050 m.), o pagal apskritis ir didesnius miestus apima duomenis nuo 1923 iki 2002 m.; bandyta apibûdinti Lietuvos administraciniø padalijimø ir vietoviø pavadinimø pokyèius. Svetainæ tvarko olandas J. Lahmeyeris. JAV FRS bankinës ir kitos finansø statistikos DB svetainës paieðkos meniu pateikiamas toliau (þr. http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/):

The Federal Reserve System • Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) • Structure of the Federal Reserve Sys- Principal Economic Indicators tem • Consumer Credit - G.19 • Federal Reserve Districts and Banks • Factors Affecting Reserve Balances - H.4.1 • Federal Reserve District Bank and • Industrial Production and Capacity Utilization - G.17 Branch Directors • Money Stock Measures - H.6 • Federal Reserve Bank Presidents Bank Asset Quality • Federal Reserve Educational Sites • Charge-Off and Delinquency Rates on Loans and • Holidays Observed by the Federal Re- Leases at Commercial Banks serve • Shared National Credit Program Other Central Banks • Survey of the Performance and Profitability of CRA- • Bank for International Settlements Related Lending • European Central Bank Bank Assets and Liabilities • Foreign Central Banks • Aggregate Reserves of Depository Institutions and Requesting Information (Freedom of In- the Monetary Base - H.3 formation Act) • Agricultural Finance Databook - E.15 • FOIA Guide to Requesting Records or • Assets and Liabilities of Commercial Banks in the Information U.S. - H.8 Related Web Sites • Country Exposure Lending Survey - E.16 • Federal Reserve System—National In- • (on the web site of the FFIEC) formation Center • Home Mortgage Disclosure Act Data • Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation • (on the web site of the FFIEC) • Federal Financial Institutions Examina- • Senior Financial Officer Survey tion Council • Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lend- • Financial and Banking Information In- ing Practices frastructure Committee • Survey of Terms of Business Lending - E.2 • FirstGov—Your first click to the U.S. Bank Structure Data government • Large Commercial Banks • U.S. Department of the Treasury • Minority-Owned Banks • Air Transportation Stabilization Board • Structure and Share Data for the U.S. Offices of • Financial Crimes Enforcement Network: Foreign Banks Important bank advisories • Financial Management Service

282 Business Finance • Household Debt Service and Financial • Commercial Paper Obligations Ratios • Corporate Medium-Term Notes • Survey of Consumer Finances • Finance Companies - G.20 Industrial Activity • Survey of Small Business Finances • Industrial Production and Capacity Utili- Exchange Rates and International Data zation - G.17 • Country Exposure Lending Survey - E.16 Interest Rates • (on the web site of the FFIEC) • Selected Interest Rates - H.15 • Foreign Exchange Rates - daily | weekly • H.10 daily | weekly, G.5 monthly | annual Money Stock and Reserve Balances • Structure and Share Data for U.S. Offices • Aggregate Reserves of Depository Insti- of Foreign Banks tutions and the Monetary Base - H.3 Flow of Funds Accounts • Factors Affecting Reserve Balances - • Flow of Funds Accounts of the United H.4.1 States - Z.1 • Money Stock Measures - H.6 Household Finance • U.S. Reserve Assets/Foreign Official Assets Held at Federal Reserve Banks • Consumer Credit - G.19 Other • Finance Companies - G.20 • Holidays Observed by the Federal Re- • Home Mortgage Disclosure Act Data serve, 2006-2010 • (on the web site of the FFIEC) • Selected Interest Rates — Monthly

Be to, bankinës ir kitos finansø statistikos DB yra prie kiekvieno JAV FR banko svetainës, pavyzdþiui, http://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/updates (Sanliujiso FRS banko DB). Èia pateikiami atnaujinti pinigø ir kiti ekonomikos makroduomenys (3032 rodikliø statistinës eilutës), jø indeksai ir grafinës kreivës. Ávairià statistikà ir verslo naujienø apþvalgas pateikia marketingo ir optimizacijos metodø paieðkos serverio svetainë http://www.clickz.com/stats/ sectors/finance. Èia galima rasti ne tik tradiciniø mikro- ir makrostatistikos rodikliø, bet ir portfeliniø bei kitø finansiniø investicijø, demografijos, vyriausybës, maþmeninës prekybos ir reklamos, laisvalaikio ir kelioniø informaciniø duomenø ir studijø adresø.

283 2. TARPTAUTINIØ VERSLO IR FINANSØ TERMINØ INFORMACINËS IR VERTIMO BAZËS BEI PASLAUGOS

Viena populiariausiø internete automatinio vertimo programø svetainiø jau 10 metø veikia Alta Vistos (Kalifornija) adresu http://babelfish.altavista. com.

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Ðios, kaip ir kitø panaðiø automatinio vertimo ið vienos á kità kalbas, programos trûkumas yra labai ribotas specialiøjø finansø ir verslo terminø kiekis. Šiuo metu Babelfish leidþia automatiðkai versti terminus, sàvokas, posakius, þodþiø grupes ir net keletos sakiniø tekstus aðtuoniomis kalbomis. Áprastas vertimo kokybës patikrinimo kontrolinis testas – atvirkðtinis vertimas, kurio metu lengvai iðryðkëja vertimo trûkumai – ir dël sàvokø bei jø stilistiniø dviprasmybiø, ir dël prasminiø (semantiniø) vertimo bazës ribotumø. Gerø automatinio vertimo internetiniø programø yra Rusijos interneto svetainëse.

• Øèðîêèé ñïåêòð ñèñòåì ìàøèííîãî ïåðåâîäà, íà÷èíàÿ ñ ñàìûõ ïðîñòûõ, äî ðåøåíèé óðîâíÿ êîðïîðàöèé. • Ýëåêòðîííûå ñëîâàðè. • Ñðåäñòâà ðàáîòû è óïðàâëåíèÿ òåðìèíîëîãèåé. • Óíèêàëüíûå ïðîãðàììíûå ïðîäóêòû, èñïîëüçóþùèå òåõíîëîãèþ Translation Memory.

Bendrovë Promt (svetainë http://www.promt.ru) siûlo vertimus septyniomis Europos kalbomis: anglø, prancûzø, vokieèiø, ispanø, italø, portugalø ir rusø. Ið viso programos pakete yra 20 automatinio vertimo internetiniø þodynø. Verèiant laikomasi pagrindiniø toms kalboms bûdingø morfologijos ir sintaksës taisykliø. Naujausia programinë modifikacija PROMT Transla- tion Suite 7.0 automatiðkai koreguoja vadinamàjà vertimo atmintá pagal taisomà vertimo tekstà. Neseniai, 2005 m. liepos 25 d., Promt paskelbë apie ðios savo automatinio vertimo programos patobulintà modifikacijà X-Trans-

284 lator DIAMOND (http://www.promt.ru/ru/news/2135.php), uþtikrinanèià vertimà aðtuoniomis kryptimis (vyrauja dvikalbiai þodynai su didesniais semantiniais tezaurais). Abby Lingvo (http://www.abby.ru) siûlo unikalià elektroninæ 10 mln. þodþiø bendràjà bazæ, apimanèià ir ekonomikos terminus, versti ið rusø kalbos á penkias Europos kalbas ir atvirkðèiai (10 krypèiø), kurià sudaro 78 teminiai ir kiti þodynai. Remiantis minëta Abby Lingvo 10 DB, programa Lingvo Tutor padeda mokytis uþsienio kalbø. Automatinio vertimo konku- ruojanti programa Multitran apima 5 mln. semantiniø vienetø ir siûlo terminologines DB versti ne tik á 5 svarbiausias Europos, bet ir á japonø, olandø bei estø kalbas (http://www.multitran.ru). Ji turi kiðeniniø kompiuteriø, mobiliøjø telefonø ir Linux operacines sistemas, leidþia ieðkoti tiksliø fraziø atitikmenø kitomis kalbomis. Rambler svetainë http://www.rambler.ru/dict siûlo keturis dvikalbius interneto þodynus versti ið rusø, anglø ir vokieèiø kalbø, taip pat ðios þodyninës bazës leidinius. Labai svarbi ir gerai parengta per 20-ies aiðkinamøjø ir vertimo þodynø (áskaitant – ir automatiná reþimà) grupë yra ES informacijos ðaltiniø ir paslaugø interneto portale, kuriame terminams skirtas atskiras skyrius (þr. http://europa.eu.int/geninfo/info/guide/index_en.htm#term). Toliau pateikiamas jos paieðkos meniu:

TERMINOLOGY · Bio-Society Glossary · Codecision Glossary · Data Protection Glossary · EMIRE: European Employment and Industrial Relations Glossary · Environmental Glossary · European Judicial Network in Civil and Commercial Matters Glossary · European Maritime Safety Glossary · European Convention Glossary · External Trade Glossary · Glossaries (thematic) · Glossary : Definitions of 200 European Union concepts - SCADPlus · Information Society Glossary · Justice and Home Affairs: glossary · Multilingual thesaurus covering the fields in which the EU is active - EUROVOC · Network and Information Security Glossary · PHARE/Enlargement Glossary · Public Procurement Common Vocabulary · Regional Development Glossary · Terminological Information System - TIS (Council of the European Union) · Terminology & Acronyms database (multilingual) - EURODICAUTOM

285 Kai kuriuos nagrinëjamu aspektu svarbesnius ið jø iðskirsime, tai: • Europos uþimtumo ir pramoniniø santykiø glosarijus 15 kalbø EMIRE (http://www.eurofound.eu.int/emire/emire.html); toliau pateikiamas meniu:

· Business and society · Participation at work · Diversity · Population and society · Employment status · Quality of life · Gender · Quality of work · Health · Social cohesion · Human capital · Social protection · Industrial change · Time · Industrial relations · Work-life balance · Labour market · Work organisation

• Europos civiliniø ir komerciniø reikalø teisës terminynas anglø k. (http://europa.eu.int/comm/justice_home/ejn/glossary/glossary_en. htm); þr. meniu: Themes Legal order Bringing a case to court Legal order - General Information Applicable law Community law ... Service of documents Lithuania Taking of evidence and mode of proof International law Interim measures and precautionary measures Organisation of justice Enforcement of judgements Organisation of justice - General Information Simplified and accelerated procedures Community law ... Divorce Latvia Parental responsibility Lithuania Maintenance claims International law Bankruptcy Legal professions Alternative dispute resolutions Legal aid Compensation of crime victims Jurisdiction of the courts Legal Systems

• uþsienio prekybos terminø atviras aiðkinamasis internetinis þodynas (http://europa.eu.int/comm/trade/gentools/glo2fram_en.htm); • 11 kalbø vadinamosios euro terminijos dvikalbiai atitikmenys (http:/ /europa.eu.int/comm/translation/euro/euenfram.htm); • ES informacinës visuomenës terminø aiðkinamoji DB (http://europa.eu.int/comm/translation/euro/euenfram.htm);

286 • Europos integracijos, ES institucijø terminø bei santrumpø aiðki- namasis þodynas (http://europa.eu.int/scadplus/glossary/index_en.htm); • CORDIS inovaciniø technologijø ir ES programø ir akronimø nuo- rodø direktorija (http://www.cordis.lu/guidance/thematic_index.htm ); meniu fragmentas pateikiamas toliau:

ERA - European Research Area · ESFRI - European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures · Science and Technology Indicators for ERA · Foresight · Technology Platforms service FP7 - Seventh Framework Programme: Towards FP7 (2007 - 2013) FP6 - Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006): General · FP6 - Calls service · FP6 - Step by Step · FP6 - Find a project · EPSS - Electronic Proposal and Submission System · Expressions of Interest (EoI) Activity area services Integrating and strengthening the European Research Area (ERA) Thematic areas · Life sciences, genomics and biotechnology for health · IST - Information Society Technologies · NMP - Nanotechnology and nanosciences, knowledge-based multifunctional materials and new production processes and devices · Aeronautics and space · Food quality and safety · Sustainable development, global changes and ecosystems · Citizens and governance in a knowledge-based society Innovation Policy in Europe · Competitiveness and Innovation Framework Programme (2007-2013) · Innovation Action Plan · Commission Communications · Europe INNOVA initiative · Trend Chart · European Innovation Scoreboard 2005 - 2004 - 2003 - 2002 - 2001 · Innobarometer · The innovation scoreboard: a guide · Community Innovation Survey (CIS) · Supporting innovative start-ups (PAXIS) · Innovative Regions in Europe (IRE) Network · Regional Innovation Observatory (RINNO)

287 Services for Enterprises · Technology Marketplace · Gate2Growth · Financing Innovation · Incubators · IPR-Helpdesk - Intellectual Property Rights-Helpdesk · IRCs - Innovation Relay Centres Innovation in the EU Framework Programmes · Thematic Priorities (2002-2006) · Specific SME activities · Research and Innovation Activity · Development of research and innovation policies · Promotion of Innovation and Participation of SMEs (1998-2002) · Innovation Programme (1994-1998) · Increasing Awareness of Innovation TDSP - Training and dissemination schemes Projects EASW - European Awareness Scenario Workshops Interfaces · IMT - Innovation Management Techniques · Technology Transfer & Technology Validation Projects · EIMS - European Innovation Monitoring System

Europos þodynas Eurovoc, daugiakalbis visø EB veiklos srièiø tezauras (http://europa.eu.int/celex/eurovoc/; LRS DB - http://www3. lrs.lt/pls/ev/ev.main); Lietuvos Respublikos terminø ati- tikmenø banko adresas internete yra http://www3.lrs.lt:10001/pls/tb/tb.search; þr. paieðkos aplinkos pavyzdá:

apie bankà paieðka atrinkti terminai paaiðkinimai Jûsø pastabos ieðkoti taip prasidedanèio þodþio

kaip termino kaip termino pagrindinio þodþio kitose termino straipsnio kaip sinonimo kaip atitikmens dalyse

sritis bet kuri statusas bet kuris Rodyti ðias termino straipsnio dalis: terminà sritá atitikmenis pastabà apibrëþtá statusà ryðius kitas dalis

Rodyti straipsnius jei jø ne daugiau kaip 100 Rodyti kirèiuotas raides Rikiuoti straipsnius abëcëliðkai pagal terminà, sritá

288 • Eurodicautom – Europos Komisijos terminijos ir akronimø daugia- kalbë (13 kalbø, áskaitant lotynø) duomenø bazë (http://europa.eu.int/ eurodicautom/Controller). Þodynø svetainë apima 5 mln. terminø ir 325 tûkst. santrumpø; terminai suskirstyti á 48 sritis, apimanèias ne tik ekonomikà ir finansus; be atitikmenø, pateikia sinonimø bei paaiðkinimø.

Nuo 2005 m. ES institucijø vertimo centrui kuriamos naujos DB IATE (Interinstitutional Database; pastaroji kol kas uþdara), o Eurodicautom terminø bazë nebeatnaujinama. • TIS – Europos Tarybos terminø bazë internete dvylika kalbø, áskaitant ir lotynø, apima 600 tûkst. terminø trimis kalbomis, 25 tûkst. áraðø – penkiomis ir daugiau kalbø (http://www.tis.consilium.eu.int); • Euterpe – Europos Parlamento terminø bazë internete vienuolika kalbø, áskaitant lotynø, apima 171 tûkst. áraðø (http://www.muwi.trados.com); • ES tiekimo produktø ir paslaugø specifikaciniø kodø registras (http: //simap.eu.int/EN/pub/src/main5.htm); • ES regioninës plëtros aiðkinamøjø terminø DB Inforegio (http:// www.europa.eu.int/comm/regional_policy/glossary/glossary_en.htm).

289 Artima ðiai þodynø grupei yra gerai parengta Aberdino universiteto prof. Dereko Urvino ES ir Europos Bendrijos akronimø þodyno svetainë, kurioje aiðkinamas europarlamentarø þargonas ir institucijø santrumpos; terminø sàryðiai, fiksuoti hiperryðiais, pateikiami ðiuo adresu: http:// www.uta.fi/FAST/GC/eurgloss.html. Ðià svetainæ papildo BBS News akronimø ir europarlamentarø þargono svetainë A-Z of Europe, jos adresas – http:// news.bbc. co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/europe/euro-glossary/default.stm. Bendra labai iðsami enciklopediniø, kalbiniø þodynø ir vertimø inter- netiniø DB direktorija pateikiama Martindale (http://www.martind alecenter. com/Language_3_English.html#ENG-GEN-D). Ðioje svetainëje Finansø ir ekonomikos þodynø direktorija su internetiniais ryðiais skelbiama tinklalapiuose adresu http://www.martindalecenter.com/RefFinance_1_N.html #DIC- TION3. Vertingiausios nuorodos patikrintos ir apibendrintos toliau kartu su specialiaisiais þodynais, rastais kituose informaciniuose bei paieðkos serveriuose. Universali semantiniø prasmiø ir terminø internetinë DB yra http:// www.onelook.com. Jos vadybininkas teigia, kad ji integruoja savo paieðkos sistemoje 6,2 mln. reikðmiø ir 993 þodynus anglø kalba; retesniø profesinio þargono pavyzdþiø atliekant paieðkà nerandama; þr. jos uþsklandà:

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Naudingos yra ðios finansø ir verslo þodynø, jø direktorijø svetainës (kai kurie universalûs enciklopediniai ðiø srièiø interneto þodynai), nurodo- mos prie finansø konsultaciniø DB svetainiø): • http://dir.yahoo.com/Business_and_Economy/Finance_and_ Invest- ment/Reference_and_Guides – finansø, nekilnojamojo turto ir mokesèiø þodynø direktorija populiarioje Yahoo; nuorodos – á maþdaug 20 nedidelës 3000–8000 terminø apimties þodynëliø;

290 • http://www.1000dictionaries.com/business_dictionaries_1.html – plati DB, nuorodos á þodynus suskirstytos pagal grupes. Visos nuorodos á ekonominius, verslo, finansø, marketingo, investiciniø, draudimo ir kitokiø terminø þodynø pateikiamos vienoje bendroje gru- pëje; • http://www.yourdictionary.com – plati DB, kurioje pateikiamos nuorodos á ávairiausiø dalykø þodynus (áskaitant apskaitos, finansø bei daugelá kitø srièiø). Aiðki paieðkos sistema, paprasta prieiga, yra daug nuorodø á ávairiausiø srièiø þodynus; • http://www.duke.edu/~charvey/Classes/wpg/glossary.htm; • http://www.banking.com/terminology.asp; http://www.forbes. com/ tools/glossary/glossary.jhtml? letter=a – Campbel R. Harvey tvarkomas investi- cijø ir finansø 8000 terminø ir 18 tûkst. nuorodø aiðkinamasis þodynas; yra ir spausdinta versija: • http://encyclopedia. thefree dictionary.com – enciklopedijø ir þody- nø internetinë svetainë, apimanti 600 tûkst. sàvokø, integruojanti ir 6000 finansø terminø bei 20 tûkst. sà- sajø pagal Harvey aiðkinamàjá þodynà, taip pat santrum- pas ið InvestorWords.com; • http://www.financial-terms.co. uk – finansø termi- nø direktorija. Nukreipia á aiðkinamàjà internetinæ 11 tûkst. DB: http://www.wirelessdictionary.com, komu- naliniø paslaugø (daugiausia elektros) aiðkinamàjá þo- dynëlá: http://www.north-pacific.ca/Glossary/npglos- sary.htm;

• http://www.investorwords.com; http://www.investordictionary.com: Investor Dictionary.com, http://www.specialinvestor.com/dictionary – specifi- niai investiciniø ir susijusiø finansø terminø þodynai; vienas jø “The Online Financial Dictionary for Investors” turi daug vidiniø sàsajø, tai yra viena sàvoka paaiðkinama ir ið karto pateikiamos nuorodos á kitus terminus bei sàvokas, pateiktus apibrëþime. Kai kurie ið ðiø þodynø yra didesniø investicijø, finansø rinkø ir jø priemoniø informaciniø baziø sudedamoji;

291 • http://www.encyberpedia.com/money.htm – maþdaug 100 vadinamøjø Encyberpedia internetiniø finansø, statistikos ir ekonominiø institucijø, investicijø birþose ir pan. svetainiø bei puslapiø sàsajø sàraðas. Prie svetainës yra iðsami enciklo- pedijø, terminø tezaurø bei þodynø (spe- cialiøjø ir uþsienio kalbø) nuorodø direktorija (.../glossary.htm); • http://www.wwnorton.com/college/econ/stiglitz/glossa.htm – Stiglitz ekonomikos terminø vidutinio dydþio interneto þodynas; • http://www.balticbankinggroup.com/menu.htm – Baltijos bankinës grupës finansiniø terminø aiðkinamasis interneto þodynas; • http://www.treasury.pncbank.com/investments/glossary.html – finansiniø rinkø bei investicijø ir likvidumo terminø aiðkinamasis interneto þodynas; svetainës meniu apima ir naudingus finansiniø operacijø aiðkina- muosius tinklalapius:

Glossary About TM E-commerce Corporate Information Funds Transfer Client Care Information Reporting Client Experience Investments Where to find us Treasury Management Services Literature for Download PINACLE® Web - Online Cash Management Press Room PINACLE Express for Growing Businesses Executive Profiles Payables & Account Services Advisory Papers, Articles and Case Studies Receivables and Advanced Receivables Ser- Press Releases vices Media Kit Investments and Liquidity Fact Sheet Funds Transfer—ACH and Wire Transfer Events and Tradeshows E-Commerce/EDI/EBPP Speaker’s Bureau e-Healthcare Services Tools Information Reporting Services Days Sales Outstanding Calculator Card Services—Commercial Card/Purchasing Card Global Treasury Management

• http://amosweb.com/gls – 1800 ekonominiø terminø atviras aiðkina- masis interneto þinynas (Glossarama); su juo susijusi mokama ekonomikos ir finansø terminø DB;

292 • http://amosweb.com/wpd (vad. encyclonomic WEB-pedia, 7,95 JAV dolerio per mënesá); iðsamûs, dideli enciklopediniai straipsniai su hiperteksto nuorodomis á kitus straipsnius. Be to, svetainëje yra puslapiø, skirtø JAV mokymo ekonominiø departamentø tinklalapiø nuorodoms (vadinamoji EconSpace svetainë, þr. http://amosweb.com/econdept) ir paieðkai, taip pat 20 mikro- ir makroekonomikos paskaitø kursams (kiekviena maþdaug po 20 psl., vad. Class Portal). Visø DB puslapiai leidþia atlikti paieðkà pagal abëcëlæ; • http://www.ameritrade.com/education/html/encyclopedia/index.html – investicinës bendrovës AmeriTrade internetinës finansø enciklopedijos (1999 m.) adresas; enciklopedijà sudaro ðeðios dalys, skirtos akcijoms, vertybiniø popie- riø ir jø rinkø analizei, savitarpio fondams, investicijø strategijoms, pensijø planavimui; kiekvienà dalá sudaro konkretesnës temos, susijusios hipertekstu; paieðkà galima atlikti ir pagal pagrindines sàvokas ir jø junginius; • www.investopedia.com – 2000 finansø ir investicijø terminø aiðkina- mojo internetinio þodyno svetainë; • http://www.bized.ac.uk/glossary/index.htm – 1000 verslo ir ekonomikos terminø, 200 diagramø internetinis duomenø bankas (.../glossary/diagram.htm) ir aiðkinamasis akronimø þodynëlis (...glossary/acronym.htm). Svetainëje yra aiðkinamøjø puslapiø ið finansø, vadybos apskaitos ir sàskaitybos, apskaitos informaciniø sistemø, korporacinës vadybos ir strateginio planavimo, marketingo ir rinkotyros, gamybos operacijø ir þmogiðkøjø iðtekliø vadybos, iðoriniø poveikiø verslui, mikro- ir makroekonomikos, tarptautinës ir augimo ekonomikos, turizmo, sporto ir laisvalaikio vadybos ir kitø srièiø. • http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/index/Indexmain.html – D. Hender- sono Aiðkinamosios ekonomikos enciklopedijos interneto svetainë; hiperteksto forma per sàsajas leidþia iðsiaiðkinti neþinomas reikðmes. Straipsniø paieðka atliekama pagal þodþius, autorius, darbø pavadinimus ir daugiau kaip 20 teminiø grupiø. Galima Nobelio ekonomikos premijø laureatø ir kitø pagalbiniø sàsajø su EconLib specialiø publikacijø paieðka; þr. glaustà meniu:

1. Encyclopedia (CEE only), covering all pages from the Concise Encyclopedia of Economics articles and biographies, [not including articles from item 3. below] 2. Books (non-CEE only), which reports hits for all books listed on the Books pages, other than the Concise Encyclopedia of Economics. [NOTE: To restrict your search to a particular book, see Book Search; or use the author’s last name as one of your search terms to improve the Site Search results.] 3. Articles and EconLog, which reports hits for all articles written expressly for Econlib and listed on the Articles, Article Archive, and EconLog Archive pages. Included are Annotated Bibliographies and Teacher’s Corners. Not included are CEE articles (item 1. above). (Very recent EconLog posts may not be included in this and the All Econlib options. Select EconLog only to update your results.) 4. EconLog only searches all EconLog articles and comments, right up to the most recent entries. For more information, see EconLog FAQ: Search EconLog. 5. Topics only, covering hits for the various Reading Lists by Topics pages.

293 • http://www-personal.umich.edu/~alandear/glossary – Deardorff Tarptautinës ekonomikos terminø (Glossary of International Economics) ir diagramø informaciniai interneto puslapiai; galima rinktis paaiðkinimus pagal netradicinius teminius sàraðus (pvz., paradoksai, prekybos raundai, indeksai, efektai, modeliai); taip pat galima vykdyti statistikos duomenø grafikø bei diagramø paieðkà. • http://www.economist.com/research/Economics/alphabetic.cfm – þinomo savaitraðèio The Economist internetinio aiðkinamojo ekonomikos terminø þodyno svetainë; hiperteksto forma per sàsajas leidþia patikslinti tekste vartojamø kitø terminø reikðmes. Straipsniø paieðka atliekama pagal terminus ir sudedamøjø junginiø pirmuosius þodþius, pateikiamus abëcëlës tvarka. Prie svetainës siûloma pirkti nuolat atnaujinamas analitines politines ekonomines regionø ir ðaliø apþvalgas. • http://www.economist.com/surveys http://www.economist.com/encyclopedia/Dictionary.cfm – enciklopedinis verslo þodynëlis, suskirstytas á ekonomikos ir su ja susijusias sritis; þodynas yra tyrimo priemoniø pakete:

Articles by subject RESEARCH TOOLS Backgrounders Surveys Economics A-Z Style guide

• http://www.unc.edu/depts/econ/byrns_web – Economicae internetinio glausto aiðkinamojo interaktyvaus ekonomikos terminø þodyno svetainë; • http://www.specialinvestor.com/dictionary – 3036 finansiniø terminø aiðkinamoji internetinë DB; terminai aiðkinami glaustai, kiekvieno jø aiðki- nimà siûloma papildyti nuoroda á informacijos Google paieðka; svetainës priede yra ir investiciniø skaièiuokliø tinklalapis; • http://www.cbo.gov/budget/glossary.pdf – JAV Kongreso biudþeto tarnybos svetainëje skelbiamo svarbiausiø biudþeto ir ekonominiø terminø aiðkinamojo þodyno pdf formatu adresas; • http://www.facsnet.org/tools/ref_tutor/econo_term/glossary.html – FACSNET ir FACS News Backgrounders parengtas populiarus ekonominiø terminø aiðkinamasis interneto þodynëlis; • http://carbon.cudenver.edu/~hgreenbe/glossary/index.php – matematinio programavimo terminø ekonomistams internetinis enciklopedinis þodynas; turi gerai parengtà nuorodø á kitas internetines matematikos ir statistikos terminø DB (...index.php?page=info.html);

294 • http://econterms.com/econtent.html – interaktyvus P. Mayerio ekonominiø tyrimø 1300 terminø interneto þodynas (Glossary of Research Economics) su iðsamiu panaudotø ðaltiniø bibliografiniu sàraðu; • http://www.weathervane.rff.org/glossary/index.htm – aplinkosaugos ekonominiø terminø aiðkinamojo interaktyvaus internetinio þodyno svetainë; • http://www.virtualref.com/subj/47.htm – interaktyvios Kristoferio Brauno Tarptautinës finansø enciklopedijos nuorodø svetainë; panaði inter- aktyvi finansø aiðkinamoji DB yra http://www.euro.net/innovation/ Finance_Base/Fin_encyc.html; • http://galaxy.tradewave.com/galaxy/Reference/Dictionaries.html – ávairiø nuorodø á kitus verslo terminologinës informacijos ðaltinius DB; • http://www.investopedia.com/dictionary – finansø terminø (16 srièiø) ir santrumpø bei techninës investicijø analizës priemoniø þinynas internete su patikslinanèiomis hiperteksto nuorodomis:

Acronyms Fundamental Analysis (Accounting) Retirement Planning Active Trading Mutual Funds Stocks Bonds Options & Futures Taxes Buzz Words Personal Finance Technical Analysis Financial Theory Real Estate & Property Venture Capital and IPOs Foreign Exchange

Pavyzdþiui, valiutø brokeriø terminas xenocurrency, kurio nerasite Oksfordo þodynuose, aiðkinamas kaip baimë dël „plaukiojanèiø“ arba fiksuotø valiutø kursø. Iðsamesnis terminø srièiø paaiðkinimas pateikiamas paskaitø kursuose ir knygose, ir straipsniuose ðiuose tinklalapiuose: • http://www.investopedia.com/university; http://www.investopedia.com/ articles; • http://www.tiaa-cref.org/pubs/html/financial_terms/tiaa_ terms.html http://www.finet.com.hk/derivative/dictionary.htm – iðvestiniø indeksø sandoriø terminø svetainës internete; • http://www.financial-terms.co.uk – patogus internetinis 6000 finansø svarbiausiø terminø þodynëlis; • http://business-insurance.insurance-direcotry.com/business-dictionary-dictionary-insurance-terms.html – kaip matyti jau ið svetainës struktûros, tai ávairiø draudimo aspektø terminø ir paaiðkinimø 13 svetainiø direktorija (vienas raktiniø þodþiø adrese koduotas klaidingai);

295 • http://www.glossarist.com/glossaries/business/ – 74 rinkodaros, tarp- tautinës ir e. prekybos, logistikos, vadybos, uþimtumo, nekilnojamojo turto, finansø ir kitø ekonomikos terminø srièiø interneto þodynëliø direktorija; jos paieðkos sritys:

· Business · Management » · Advertising · Manufacturing » · Communications » · Packaging · Construction · Primary Industry » · E-Commerce · Occupational Safety · Freight and Logistics » · Printing · International Trade · Real Estate

• http://www.finance-glossary.com/pages/home.htm; http://www. quicken.com/glossary; http:// www.eagletraders.com/other/ glossary_fin_terms. htmGlos- sary; http://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bondanticipationnote.asp; http:// www.oasismanagement.com/glossary; http://www. moneychimp.com/glossary – vidutinës apimties terminø aiðkinamieji þodynëliai finansiniams investuotojams; • http://www.islc.net/~folsom/language/bjquotes.htm; http://www. moneyworld.co.uk/jargon; http://www.pacificovertures.com/BizJargon.html; – finansiniø ir verslo profesiniø posakiø bei þargono terminø aiðkinamieji þodynai su nuorodomis á naudotus leidinius, pavyzdþiui, acid test – galutinis sprendimas (aliuzija á finansinio veiksmingumo koeficientà); • http://www.lcgroup.com/explanations/; http://www.iii.org/media/glossary – draudimo srièiø terminø aiðkinamieji þodynëliai; • http://taxes.yahoo.com/glossary; http://www.taxopedia.com/dictionary; http://www.taxgloss.com – mokesèiø ir kiti fiskaliniø terminø aiðkinamieji þodynëliai bei jø direktorijos; • http://www.debt-glossary.co.uk/ – skolos vadybos terminø interneto þodynëlis; • http://houseandhome. msn.com/help/glossary. aspx;

296 Mortgage • http://www.mortgage-terms.co.uk; (http://www.ejsm ortgage.com/glossary_main.htm http://www. fool.com/ Glossary & ); homecenter/glossary/glossary.htm – nekilnojamojo turto, Terminology rentos ir sandoriø terminø þodynai; • http://www.financegates.com/Dictionaries.html – Finance Gates finansiniø investicijø interneto svetainës terminø grupiø DB, apimanti ekonomikos, apskaitos, finansinio tarpininkavimo, draudimo, mokesèiø, turto planavimo, valiutø, pensijø ir kitas sritis; • http://news.ft.com/siteservices/sitemap – finansiniø terminø bei santrumpø bazë, skelbiama Financial Times dienraðèio; • http://www.nscb.gov.ph/glossary – Nacionalinës statistikos koordinavimo valdybos (Filipinai) ekonominiø rodikliø, sugrupuotø pagal veiklos sritis, terminø svetainë; • http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/business/longterm/glossary – populiarus finansiniø terminø bei santrumpø þinynas, skelbiamas Washington Post interneto svetainëje; • http://www2.standardandpoors.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=sp/ Page/ProductsAndServicesListPg&r=1&l=EN&b=11 – Standard and Poor‘s bendrovës rizikos ir kredito operacijø, indeksø bei áverèiø svetainë penkiomis kalbomis su finansiniø priemoniø bei investiciniø sandoriø aiðkinamuoju nuorodiniu tinklalapiu (iðsamus jo meniu – ðio þinyno 4.6 priede); • http://tobaccodocuments.org/ness/21.html – rinkodaros ir reklamos terminø aiðkinamasis sàvadas internete; • http://faculty.washington.edu/krumme/glossaries/glossaries.html – keliasdeðimt ekonomikos ir verslo geografijos þodynø anglø kalba direktorija internete (apima ir ðios srities paskaitø kursus intranete – þr.... /krumme/ resources/, taip pat keletà finansiniø investicijø terminø DB); • https://www.agecon.purdue.edu/cab/glossary.html – agrarinio verslo terminø aiðkinamasis þodynëlis; • http://www.genomicglossaries.com/content/research_genomics.asp – þemës ûkio verslo vadybos þodynëlis Glossary Of Technical Terms For Agribusiness Managers – tvarko T. L. Sporleder, Kembridþo sveikatos technologinio instituto svetainë, reikia registruotis; • http://www.vatc.org/glossary/glossary.htm – turizmo ir kelioniø verslo bei jo terminø aiðkinamoji svetainë.

297 Dvikalbës ir kitakalbës (ne anglø k.) specialiøjø srièiø terminø duomenø bazës. Verslo bei susijusiø tarptautiniø santrumpø interneto þodynà skelbia Societé Mon Carnet svetainë prancûzø k. • http://www.pinkernell.de/glossary.htm – mokesèiø ir kitø ðios srities terminø aiðkinamasis þodynëlis US-Steuerglossar, tvarkomas Reimar Pinkernell ir Martin Böhringer; anglø terminai aiðkinami vokieèiø kalba; • http://www.managespain.com/scripts/diccionario.asp – gera paprasta ir patogi trikalbë (anglø-ispanø-vokieèiø) 100 tûkst. sudëtiniø verslo ir vadybos terminø duomenø bazë internete; • www.andymiles.com – verslo ispanø-anglø atitikmenø paieðkos aplinka, autorius – A. D. Milesas; • http://tradition.axone.ch – maþdaug 5000 finansø terminø DB anglø- vokieèiø-prancûzø-italø kalbomis svetainë, skelbiama Axone Services and Developpement SA ir Viel Tradition Group; • http://www.termisti.refer.org/data/credoc/index.htm – prancûzø ir ispanø bankininkystës ir kredito terminø aiðkinamieji þodynai internete; • http://globegate.utm.edu/french/globegate_mirror/dicoeco.html – Tenesio universiteto (Uþsienio kalbø departamento) verslo ir finansø þodynø direktorija prancûzø kalba; joje galima rasti keliasdeðimt nuorodø á ne- dideles aiðkinamàsias apskaitos, birþos, vadybos, investicijø, muitø, rinkodaros, sàskaitybos, komercijos, iþdo, nekilnojamojo turto, finansø, uþim- tumo, namø ûkio terminø bei dvikalbiø ekonomikos terminø ir jø santrumpø svetaines; • http://www.canoo.net/services/TermDB/ueberblick/financeIndex.html ?lang=en – 1800 aiðkinamøjø finansø terminø su atitikmenimis anglø kalba; • http://www.actuaries.ca/publications/other_lexicon_e.html – aktuarijø (draudimo) anglø terminø aiðkinamasis prancûzø kalba interneto þodynas; • http://www.zargan.com/default.asp? Display Lang=2 – Turkish Informatics Association tvarkomas anglø-turkø ir turkø-anglø 434 tûkst. verslo ter- minø aiðkinamasis þodynas; • http://dtl.biz/dtl/about/glossaries.cfm#a8 – aiðkinamø verslo terminø italø kalba DB internete;

298 • http://www.projetdafa.net – DAFA verslo ir ekonomikos 3000 terminø, 11 000 þodþiø grupiø elektroninis þodynas prancûzø k.; • http://www.business.aau.dk/evolution/micro/Glossary-alfa.html – anglø-danø-anglø mikroekonomikos terminø paieðkos aplinka; parengë E. S. Andersen; • http://www.rubricon.com – internetinë 62 aiðkinamøjø þodynø ir enciklopedijø bei keleto kalbø þodynëliø Rubricon firmos svetainë; joje yra tarptautinës ekonomikos, informaciniø technologijø, finansø ir ámoniø ekonomikos þodynø terminø bazë, taip pat investiciniø fondø ir portfeliø populiari aiðkinamoji bazë, keleto metø senumo 100 didþiausiø Rusijos bankø direktorija, pasaulio ðaliø ir regionø statistikos DB. Verslo ir finansø akronimø þodynai internete (kai kurie jau minëti): • http://www.numa.com/ref/acronym.htm – daugiausia iðvestiniø indeksø sandoriø santrumpø aiðkinamasis þodynas internete; • http://www.foreignword.com/glossary/russian/banking/defn.htm – geras anglø-rusø tarptautiniø finansiniø ir bankininkystës santrumpø aiðkinamasis þodynas internete; • http://www.eagletraders.com/advice/abbr/abbreviations.htm – þinomos finansiniø investicijø firmos finansø, verslo, uþsienio valiutø, valstybës ekonomikos santrumpø þodynëlis internete. Internete nemaþai DB ir portalø neaiðkina terminø, bet teikia þodynø direktorijas, pavyzdþiui: http://www.lai.com/glsubj.html – didelë skirtingø srièiø terminø þodynø nuorodø svetainë; reklamuoja þodynus – http:// www.grovereference.com; http://www.amazon.com; http://www.barronseduc. com/barronseduc, – ir daug kitø. Lietuviø kalba nuorodos á ávairius bendruosius ir specialius terminø þodynus pateikiamos tam skirtoje WINLIET svetainëje: http://www.winliet. com/other/dict.htm. Pranaðumas tas, kad maþdaug pusë nuorodø – á adresus, teikianèius terminø atitikmenis lietuviø kalba. Deja, daugelis ðioje svetainëje nurodomø interneto þodynø prieinami tik nusipirkus licencijà jais naudotis.

299 3. VERSLO IR FINANSØ TEISËS INFORMACIJA

Itin vertinga yra tarptautiniu mastu pagarsëjusi Lexis-Nexis teisës ir verslo konsultacinë DB (http://www.lawcommerce.com), tvarkoma J. Martindale’o (http://www.martindale.com) bei C. Hubbello, paremta 140 metø teisës þiniø istorija ir besiremianti daugiau kaip milijono teisininkø ið 160 ðaliø duomenimis. Jos puslapiai skirti teisiniø dokumentø iðtekliams, teisininkø paieðkai pagal profesinæ patirtá bei problemas – verslo vadybos, bylø vedimo bei precedentø, bankroto procedûrø (http://www.lexisnexis.com/analyzerinfo/ analyzer.pdf), vartotojø teisiø, ðeimos ir draudimo problemø sprendimo alternatyvos, intelektinës nuosavybës apsaugos, paveldëjimo ir socialinio aprûpinimo, nekilnojamojo turto, nuomos, neteisëtø finansø, apmokestinimo ir kovos su neteisëtu pinigø plovimu priemoniø, taip pat kitais verslo ir panaðiais gyvenimo atvejais (www3.lexis.com/analyzer; http://www.lexisnexis. com/productsandservices). Teikia teisës paslaugø reitingus (nuo 1887 m.). Dauguma komercinës bei paslaugø informacijos mokama, ji kasmet leidþiama ir solidþiuose Martindale-Hubbell þinynuose. Paieðkos sritys ðioje svetainëje pateikiamos toliau:

Market Intelligence, LexisNexis® Patent and Trademark File History Services MarketImpact™, LexisNexis® PatentOptimizer™ Martindale-Hubbell®, LexisNexis® Prior Art Search Services Directory of Experts & Services Japanese Patent Machine Translations Matthew Bender® Manual Translation Services Mealey Publications Portal Components, LexisNexis® Michie™ Publications Publisher, LexisNexis® Municipal Codes, LexisNexis® Purchasing Program, LexisNexis® Code Conversion Purchasing and Supply Chain Solutions, LexisNexis® CodeOnline Risk Scoring Solutions, LexisNexis® Codification Services Chargeback Defender™ Ordinance Analysis and Report FraudDefender™ OrdLink™ ThinDex® Web Posting RiskWise® online, LexisNexis® Total Code Management™ Risk Management Solutions, LexisNexis® Screening Solutions, LexisNexis® Nexis® Full Service Screening PatentOptimizer™, LexisNexis® Express Screening Patent & Trademark Solutions, LexisNexis® Vendor Screening Patent and Trademark Delivery Services Specialty Screening

300 Shepard’s® Brief Suite™ Time Matters® Shepard’s Link™ Total Alerts, LexisNexis® Research Shepard’s® BriefCheck™ Total Litigator, LexisNexis® Shepard’s® StyleCheck Total Search, LexisNexis® Shepard’s® FullAuthority® Total Search, LexisNexis® Shepard’s® Citations Service Total Search Transactional, LexisNexis® Shepard’s® on LexisNexis® at www.lexis.com Total Search Expertise, LexisNexis® Shepard’s® in print UPA Publications (University Publications of SmartLinx™ feature America) SmartIndexing Technology™, LexisNexis® Wall Street Journal Online in association with Tax Center, LexisNexis® LexisNexis® Taxonomy, LexisNexis®

Svetainëje yra terminø þodynas (http://www.lawyers.com/legal_topics/ glossary/index.php – galima atlikti paieðkà pagal abëcëlæ), ðaliø padëties analizë (190 ðaliø, 157 ûkio ðakos), statistikos ir ekspertø adresø bei leidiniø þinynas, ávairiø verslo teisiniø paslaugø marketingo bei teisiniø procedûrø formø pavyzdþiø (licencijø, vekseliø, ketinimø protokolø, komerciniø ir darbo bei sutarèiø, finansiniø balansø ir kt.). Iðsamus Lexis Nexis tinklalapiø meniu pateikiamas 4.3. priede. Universalus tarptautinës investicinës, finansø ir komercinës teisës informacijos tinklas yra prie Find Law korporacijos svetainës (http:// www.findlaw.com), kuri skelbia daug informacijos ne tik verslo teisës specialistams, bet ir individualiems klientams bei smulkiam verslui, taip pat verslininkams aktualiø teisiniø kodeksø ir aktø tinklalapá (http://www. findlaw.com/casecode) ir teisës terminø paieðkos þodyno tinklalapá: http://dictionary. lp.findlaw.com/index.html; þr. t. p. http:/ /encyclo.findlaw.com/biblio. Jos iðplëtota svetainës paieðkos kriterijø sistema nusipelno atidesnës perþiûros, todël pateikiama iðtisai:

ABOUT FINDLAW

Naudingos komercinës teisës ir kitos labai reikalingos verslininkams informacijos galima rasti Hieros Gamos (HG) firmos daugiakalbiuose tinklalapiuose. Jos svetainë – http://www.hg.org – teikia iðsamià informacijà firmø registracijos, jø finansiniais, e. prekybos, verslo teisiniø aspektø, nuomos, apskaitos ir darbo bei kitais teisinës firmø praktikos klausimais (http://www. hg.org/sbcenter.html), taip pat iðsamø internetiná teisiniø paslaugø bei finansiniø konsultacijø ir profesiniø vertinimø þinynà ir JAV, ir uþsienio teisinës praktikos srityse (http://www.hg.org/services.html). HG sukaupta informacijos apie teisines firmas pagal specializacijà daugiau nei ið 100 pasaulio ðaliø. HG svetainës prieduose yra iðsamûs visø 230 pasaulio ðaliø situacinës apþvalgos þinynai; pavyzdþiui, Lietuvai skirti pagal veiklos sritis suskirstyti net 365 internetinës informacijos ðaltiniai (ið

304 jø tiesiogiai ir netiesiogiai verslui – beveik 100. DB adresas: http://hg.org. master.com/texis/master/search/+/Top/Regional/Europe/Lithuania). Labai iðsamus ir racionalus Hieros Gamos firmos svetainës paieðkos abëcëlinis meniu randamas adresu http://www.hg.org/practiceareas.html. Kai kurie jo fragmentai pateikiami toliau:

LEGAL DIRECTORIES LEGAL PRACTICE CENTERS Law Firms Law Firm Marketing Expert Witnesses 70 Areas of Practice Legal Speakers Practice of Law Court Reporters Multi-Disciplinary Process Servers Law Articles Private Investigators Legal Websites Litigation Support Legal Services Selected Law Firms

• Patraukli Internetinës teisiniø paslaugø grupës tarptautiniø nuorodø svetainë: http://www.ilrg.com/nations/lt. Ji glaudþiai susijusi su Hieros Gamos DB. Joje galime rasti pagal kategorijas sugrupuotus 4000 interneto puslapiø, apimanèiø nuorodas á 238 ðaliø bei pasaulio teritorijø teisines institucijas (http://www.ilrg.com/nations/lt/), teisiniø ekspertø adresus ir paslaugø verslui ir kitais atvejais tarifus bei atlygius, 2000 teisiniø ir kitø aktø bei formø archyvus, nuorodas á paskaitø teisiniais klausimais temas, teisës studijø kategorijas bei reitingus (100 aukðtøjø studijø institucijø), teisiniø tyrimø dokumentus. Dalis informacijos prenumeruojama arba uþ jà reikia mokëti. • Vienas vertingiausiø enciklopediniø verslo ir finansø teisës leidiniø internete pateikiamas Kornelio teisës mokyklos Teisës informacijos instituto adresu http://straylight.law.cornell.edu/topics. Jame pateikiama svarbiausia informacija apie JAV ástatymus bei teisiniø institucijø nutartis ir kitus teisës aktus, taip pat verslo sandorius, ámoniø ir kitø verslo sektoriø teisæ, intelek- tinæ nuosavybæ, aplinkosaugos teisæ, mokesèiø ir ðeimos teisæ, procesinës ir teismø teisës pagrindus, administracinæ, uþimtumo teisæ bei jurisprudencijà, tarptautinæ teisæ ir kitas sritis. • Techno Lawyer Society teisinës informacijos direktorijos skirtos uþsi- registravusiems vartotojams firmos interneto svetainëje http://www. techno- lawyer.com. Joje konsultuojama teisiniø procedûrø ir paslaugø klausimais. Daþniau ieðkoma ið ðios firmos publikuojamø specialistams skirtø periodiniø leidiniø suvestiniø.

305 • Naudinga teisiniø paslaugø svetainë pateikiama adresu http:// attorneylocate.com/:

Attorney Locate have more than one million attorney searches every year! Attorney Locate - The informed way to find a lawyer. The Attor- ney Locate attorney search makes it easy to find an attorney. Search our lawyer directory to find a lawyer near you. Website contains attorney web pages.

• Bankinës teisës, korporaciniø bei finansiniø sandoriø konsultavimo interneto puslapiai randami Pinci and Associates firmos svetainëje http:// www.pincilaw.com/pages/21/index.htm. Firma turi sukaupusi patirtá konsul- tuodama valstybines ámones ir tarptautines korporacijas bei bankus stra- teginës vadybos bei privatizavimo, skolø restruktûrizavimo ir ásigijimø finansavimo, eksporto kreditavimo bei panaðiais klausimais. Paieðkos sritys:

Corporate, Banking and Securities Law with emphasis on M&A, IPOs/Initial Public Offers, Securitization, Insurance, Financial Transactions, Litigation, Arbitration, Employment/Labor Law, Employment Benefit Laws, Debt Collection, Bankruptcy, Foreign Investments, Real Estate Law (Investment, Structuring Development and Finance: Office, Industrial, Residential and Retail Sectors), Real Estate Funds: Laws, Structuring and Regulations; Hotel, Resort and Timeshare Projects: Development, Finance and Man- agement, Leases, Property and Trade Finance, Privatizations, Subsidiaries, Joint Ventures, Taxation, EU/Common Market Law, Antitrust, Environmental, Transportation, Aerospace, Shipping, Fashion and Textiles, Licensing, Franchising, Food and Drug Law, Agency and Distribution, Oil and Gas, Commodi- ties, Visa/Immigration, Wills and Estates, Intellectual Property, Information Technology, Computer, Soft- ware, Telecommunications, Sports Law/Sponsorships, Broadcasting, Motion Picture, TV, Satellite, Video and General Entertainment Law.

• http://www.portleysullivan.com – Portley and Sullivan turto ir pavel- dëjimo teisiniø aspektø interneto svetainë; taip pat kitø teisiniø JAV Vy- riausybës ir valstijø, Australijos ir Anglijos svetainiø interneto þinynas; pateikia teisiniø publikacijø, formø ir kitø þinynø nuorodø (adresø). • http://www.law.cornell.edu/citation/full_toc.htm – internetinis informacinis P. Martin parengtas teisës ðaltiniø registras (teisiniai dokumentai; reglamentai, arbitraþiniai ir kiti teismø sprendimai; leidiniai; santrumpos). • http://www.law.com/service/site_map.shtml – gerai sustruktûrinta teisës ðaltiniø informacinë Law.com DB internete. Dalis paieðkos meniu pateikiama toliau:

• http://www.law.georgetown.edu/iiel – Tarptautinio ekonominës teisës instituto (Dþordþtauno universitetas) interneto svetainë; turi tinklalapiø, skirtø tiriamiesiems darbams, tyrëjams ir publikacijoms ekonominës teisës srityje (...iiel/research/index.html) bibliografijai (.../iiel/research/researchtools. html) ðioje srityje, tarptautinës ekonominës teisës (…/ index.php?sid=55472 1348&t=sub_pages&cat =473), tarptautinës finansø bei bankininkystës teisës (index.php?sid=554721348&t=sub_ pages&cat=474) dokumentams ir juos rengusioms institucijoms. Smulkesnis institucinis paieðkos þodþiø meniu randamas adresu: http://www.law.georgetown.edu/azIndex.cfm; • http://lawecon.lp.findlaw.com – ekonominës teisës arba ekonomikos teisiniø aspektø svetainë; joje yra vadinamieji E. Edgaro ekonomikos ir teisës enciklopedijos tinklalapiai, kuriuos sudaro teminës paskaitos ir straipsniai (http://encyclo.findlaw.com/tablebib.html), tyrimø darbø bei kitø publi- kacijø bei bibliografinës DB, þinynø ir konsultantø bei akademiniø kursø tinklalapiai; glaustas paieðkos srièiø registras yra toks:

Law and Economics Resources Law and Economics Associations Encyclopedia of Law and Economics Law and Economics Academic Programs Law and Economics Working Papers Law and Economics Sites Law and Economics Bibliographies Directories - Law and Economics Law and Economics Mailing Lists Law and Economics Consultants Journals and Book Publishers Law and Economics Outlines Government Resources Economic Resources FindLaw Colleges, Universities, Business, Economics & LawCrawler Law Schools

307 • http://www.law.com/service/site_ map.shtml – vienas populiariausiø teisinës informacijos interneto tinklø, siejanèiø teisi- nës informacijos ðaltinius ir teisiniø paslau- gø institucijas. Dalis paieðkos temø meniu pateikiama toliau:

• http://www.jus.uio.no/lm – Norvegijos Tromso universiteto Lex Mer- catoria nuorodø svetainë yra ið esmës internetiniø adresø bei publikacijø þinynas, skirtas ávairiems tarptautinës ekonominës teisës (http:/lexmercatoria. org/international.economic.law/toc), finansø reguliavimo ir mokesèiø teisës (.../tax.and.financial.regulation/toc), tarptautinës ir e. prekybos (http://www.e- commercetaxation.com), arbitraþo ir komercijos teisës specialistams (.../ private.international.commercial.law/toc); • htttp://www.jus.uio.no/lm/electronic.commerce/toc, e. prekybos teisës, intelektinës nuosavybës (http://www.jus.uio.no/lm/intellectual.property/toc), aplinkosaugos ir IT teisës (.../lm/information.technology/toc) bei kiti tinklalapiai. • http://www.eisil.org/index.php?sid= 5547 21348&t=sub_pages&cat= 478 – Tarptautinës teisës elektroninës informacijos sistemos (EISIL) interneto nuorodø tinklalapis, parengtas Tarptautinio ekono- minës teisës instituto (Dþordþtauno universitetas); dëmesio vertas jo paieðkos kriterijø bei temø meniu, pateikiamas toliau:

308 GENERAL INTERNATIONAL LAW INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS Basic Sources & Freedom of Movement Historical Materials Principal Organs & Bodies; Subsidiary Bodies etc. Basic Sources War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity, Includ- Treaty Collections ing Genocide Self-Determination Specialized Agencies Courts & Tribunals Humanitarian Law Prevention of Discrimination Related Organizations Resolutions & Declarations Regional Systems Women’s Human Rights European Union Education, Research, & Teaching African Slavery & Slavery-Like Practices Regional Organizations Professional & Scholarly Orgs European Protection from Torture, Ill-Treatment & Africa & the Middle East Inter-American STATES & GROUPS OF STATES African Union Disappearance African Dev Bank Group Basic Sources HR in the Administration of Justice INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW The State & its Organs COMESA Rights of the Child Gulf Cooperation Council Diplomatic Agents & Missions Basic Sources Freedom of Assoc. & HR Defenders Islamic Dev Bank Espionage War Crimes & Crimes Against Humanity, Geno- Employment & Forced Labor cide Statehood League of Arab States Marriage Terrorism State Responsibility SADC Education Regional Terrorism Instruments State Succession Americas & the Caribbean Indigenous & Minority Rights Cybercrime & Protection of Communication Groups of States & Special Status Andean Community Development Organized Crime & Corruption Groups of States CARICOM Disabled Persons Money Laundering & Financial Crimes Polar Regions Latin American Economic System Health & HR Traffic in Narcotic Drugs & Drug-related Offenses INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS NAFTA Freedom of Information & Right to Culture International Criminal Court Basic Sources OAS Refugees, Asylum, Nationality, Displaced, Int’l Criminal Court for the Former Yugoslavia United Nations MERCOSUR

309 International Criminal Court for Rwanda Satellites Asia & the Pacific Arms Control & Disarmament International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg Eur. Org. for the Safety of Air Navigation APEC Chemical Weapons Administration of Justice Eur. Space Agency Asian Dev Bank Conventional Arms Extradition & Mutual Assistance Nordic Council Asian Productivity Council Biological Weapons Enforcement North Atlantic Treaty Org ASEAN Nuclear Weapons Pacific Islands Forum Org. of the Black Sea Economic Co-operation Other COMMUNICATIONS & TRANSPORT Org. for Security and Co-operation in Europe Secretariat of the Pacific Community Peace & Neutrality S. Asian Assoc. for Regional Cooperation UN Economic Commission for Europe Communication & Information Peace Europe Western European Union Telegraph & Telephone Neutrality Barents Euro-Arctic Council Other Inter-Governmental Organizations Broadcasting & Satellites Inter-Parliamentary Union Benelux Economic Union INTERPOL Networks Central Comm’n for the Navigation of the Rhine INTERNATIONAL DISPUTE SETTLEMENT Transport Int’l Institute for the Unification of Private Law Central European FTA Organisation for Economic Co-operation and De- Customs velopment Council of Baltic Sea States Basic Sources Land UN Commission on International Trade Law Council of Europe Arbitration, Mediation & Conciliation Air World Customs Org. Danube Commission Court of Arbitration for Sport Water Eur. Bank for Reconstruction and Dev INDIVIDUALS & GROUPS Eur. Conf. of Ministers of Transport Court of Conciliation & Arbitration Basic Sources USE OF FORCE ICSID Eur. Free Trade Association Social & Political Issues Eur. Investment Bank International Court of Arbitration for the ICC Basic Sources Cultural Property Eur. Org. for Nuclear Research London Court of Arbitration Collective Security Education Eur. Org. for the Exploitation of Meteorological NAFTA Chapter Eleven Arbitration Law of Armed Conflict Health Permanent Court of Arbitration

310 Sport World Bank Inspection Panel WIPO Climate Change & Ozone Depletion Linguistic Rights World Intellectual Property Organization National Arbitration Institutions Nuclear Energy Religious Rights World Trade Organization Transnational Litigation Hazardous Materials & Activities Ethnic Groups, Minorities & Indigenous Peoples Criminal Law International Judicial Assistance Watercourse Protection Nationality, Statelessness, Refugees & Asylum International Criminal Court Jurisdiction & Judgments Oceans & Marine Sources International Criminal Court for the Former Yu- INTERNATIONAL AIR, SPACE, WATER goslavia Diplomatic Resolution of Disputes Pollution Air & Aviation International Criminal Court for Rwanda Claims & Compensation Antarctica & the Arctic Space International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg Claims Res. Tribunal for Dormant Accts in Swit- Responsibility & Liability zerland Special Tribunal for Cambodia Antarctica & the Arctic Sustainable Development Eritrea-Ethiopia Claims Commission Special Court for Sierra Leone Water Trade & Environment German Forced Labour Comp. Programme Truth & Reconciliation Commissions Oceans & Law of the Sea Armed Conflict & the Environment Iran-US Claims Tribunal Human Rights Maritime Matters Marshall Islands Nuclear Claims Tribunal INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC LAW International Rivers, Lakes, African Human Rights Bodies UN Compensation Commission Basic Sources Groundwater & Wetlands European Human Rights Bodies Administrative Tribunals GATT/WTO System Inter-American Human Rights Bodies INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW International Trade Law Economic Law United Nations Human Rights Bodies Basic Sources International Financial Law Economic Community of West African States Law of the Sea Transboundary Cooperation Regional Economic Integration European Court of Justice Boundary Disputes Biodiversity & Ecosystems Africa European Free Trade Association Asia & the Pacific Endangered Species & Wildlife PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW NAFTA Europe Protection of the Atmosphere Western Hemisphere

311 Basic Sources Intellectual Property Rights International Development Law International Judicial Assistance Trade & Commerce Competition (Antitrust) Regional Jurisdiction & Judgments Finance & Banking Electronic Commerce Global Labor Wills, Trusts & Estates International Arbitration Regulation of Foreign Investment Transnational Corporations Family & Children

Viena didþiausiø specializuotø teisiniø þurnalø svetainiø (portalø) yra V. Heino sudaryta maþdaug 800 periodiniø leidiniø ið ávairiø teisës srièiø informacinë bazë http://heinonline.org. Ji keletà pastarøjø metø premijuota Tarpautiniø ir JAV teisës bibliotekø asociacijø uþ gerà ir patogø teisinës informacijos internetinës sistemos organizavimà, taèiau puslapiø dizainas senstelëjæs. • http://www.westlaw.com/ – viena didþiausiø pasaulyje teisiniø dokumentø DB, kurioje pateikiami tarptautinës teisës dokumentai, daugiaðalës sutartys ir susitarimai, tarptautiniø teismø ir tribunolø bylos, tarptautiniø organizacijø dokumentai, taip pat 33 Europos ðaliø bei JAV, Kanados, Australijos ir kiti teisës aktai, teismø bylos, teisës apþvalgos ir verslo informacija. Suteikiama prieiga prie visateksèiø þurnalø straipsniø baziø, kuriomis galima naudotis ið MRU kompiuteriø tinklo. Tai – uþdara mokama teisiniø dokumentø bei þiniø internetinë DB. • UNESCO socialiniø ir humanitariniø mokslø dokumentacijos centro periodiniø visateksèiø leidiniø DB http://www.unesco.org/shs/shsdc/journals/shsjournals.html apima 33 leidinius ið skirtingø ekonomikos srièiø, 16 leidiniø ið vadybos, 57 leidinius ið teisës ir teisingumo, 7 – ið demografijos bei deðimtis leidiniø ið kitø socialiniø srièiø.

312 • http://www.doaj.org/ljbs?cpid=17- tai Lundo universiteto mokslo þurnalø DB, kurioje apþvelgiama 38 leidiniø straipsniai ekonomikos, 24 – verslo ir vadybos, 48 leidiniai – teisës klausimais. • http://www.bambooweb.com/articles/l/i/List_of_law_firms.html – internetinë teisiniø paslaugø ir jas teikianèiø firmø, taip pat publikacijø teisës klausimais direktorija, automatiðkai atnaujinama ið Google paieðkos serverio. Lietuvos Respublikos ástatymai, Lietuvos Respublikos Vyriausybës nutarimai ir kiti Lietuvos Respublikos bei Europos Sàjungos teisës aktai, Lietuvos Respublikos ratifikuotos konvencijos, chartijos bei kiti tarptautiniai dokumentai, Europos Sàjungos terminynas Eurovoc pateikiami Lietuvos Respublikos Seimo tinklalapyje www.lrs.lt, meniu – teisës aktai (http://www3.lrs.lt/dokpaieska/forma_l.htm) ir já dubliuojanèiame Infolex interneto portale LITLEX (litlex.ltu.lt). LITLEX DB papildyta vartotojo darbà lengvinanèiomis funkcijomis: teminiais klasifikatoriais bei sàvadais, kodeksø ir ástatymø straipsniø turiniais, lyginamosiomis tarpinëmis dokumentø redakcijomis, kodeksø ir ástatymø straipsniø ryðiais su aprobuota teismø praktika, vyriausybës aktais, ástatymais ir kitais teisës aktais. Ieðkoti galima pagal priëmusias institucijas arba skelbimo ðaltinius („Valstybës þiniose“, „Teismø praktikoje“, „Informaciniuose praneðimuose“). Pastaroji – prenumeruojama (mokama) svetainë. Lietuvos Aukðèiausiojo Teismo nutarimai, nutartys, sprendimai, apþval- gos, konsultacijos nuo 1995 metø pateikiamos InfoLex interneto tinklalapiuose (þr. http://www.teismupraktika.lt/praktika/). Ten skelbiami ir Lietuvos vyriausiojo administracinio teismo nutarimai, nutartys, sprendimai, apþvalgos, konsultacijos nuo 1999 metø; Lietuvos Konstitucinio Teis- mo nutarimai, sprendimai, iðvados, praðymai nuo 1993 metø; Lietuvos apeliacinio teismo civilinës nutartys nuo 1998 metø ir Europos þmogaus teisiø teismo sprendimai bylose prieð Lietuvà nuo 2000 metø. Svarbesnës paieðkos svetainëje temos:

313 Civilinë teisë Administracinë teisë Aprobuotos nutartys Aprobuotos nutartys Nutarimai Nutarimai Sprendimai Sprendimai Apþvalgos Apþvalgos Konsultacijos Konsultacijos Aktualiausios temos Aktualiausios temos • Bankrotas • Socialinis draudimas • Privatûs juridiniai asmenys • Mokesèiai • Tarptautinë privatinë teisë • Konkurencija • Paveldëjimas • Þemës teisiniai santykiai • Prekiø ir paslaugø þenklai • Prievoliø ávykdymo uþtikrinimas

Baudþiamoji teisë Iðvados Aprobuotos nutartys Praðymai Nutarimai Europos teisë Sprendimai EþTT sprendimai bylose prieð Lietuvà Apþvalgos Europos Bendrijø Teisingumo Teismo sprendi- Konsultacijos mai ir iðvados Aktualiausios temos LAT apibendrinti EþTT sprendimai • Nusikaltimai ir baudþiamieji nusiþengimai LVAT apibendrinti ETT sprendimai nuosavybei, turtinëms teisëms ir turtiniams Kita interesams Lietuvos apeliacinis teismas • Ekstradicija • Nutartys • Moralinë þala Vyriausioji administraciniø ginèø komisija Konstitucinë teisë • Sprendimai Nutarimai UNIDROIT Sprendimai Tarptautiniø komerciniø sutarèiø principai

„Verslo þiniø“ bei jo priedø informacijos archyvo DB (www.vz.lt/archyvas) apima ávairiapusæ verslo informacijà, áskaitant bendroviø valdymo teisës aktus ir teismo nutarimus, taip pat IT átakà verslui bei investicijø á IT gràþos klausimus, logistikos þinias ir kt.

Komerciniai ir kiti teisës terminai

Verslo teisës þodynai. Be jau minëtos Lexis-Nexis ir kitø didþiøjø verslo bei komercinës teisës internetiniø svetainiø, kuriose teikiami ir aiðkinamieji, kai kur ir verèiamieji teisës terminø þinynai, vertingas ir daþniausiai naudojamas yra Black’s Law Dictionary, 8th Editon (1800 p., 17 000 apibrë-

314 þimø, maþdaug 1000 santrumpø). Jis oficialiai nebuvo skelbiamas internete, bet juo remiasi daugelis kitø (interneto) teisës þinynø. Panaðus labai gerai vertinamas þinynas West’s Tax Law Dictionary internete taip pat neskelbiamas. • http://www.duhaime.org/dictionary – Lloyd Duhaime internetinis tei- sës terminø þodynas; prie Duhaime svetainës pateikiama iðsami teisës ðal- tiniø paieðkos DB; svarbiausiems verslo teisës aspektams skirti atskiri tinklalapiai, pavyzdþiui, nekilnojamajam turtui – http://www.duhaime.org/Real- estate. Paieðkos kriterijø fragmentas pateiktas toliau:

Resources on Duhaime.org · Criminal Law · Family Law · Bankruptcy Law · Civil Litigation & Small Claims (BC) · Law Museum · Commercial · Canadian Legal History · Elder Law, Wills, Trusts & Estates · Police Station · Real Estate & Residential Tenancy Law Duhaime Law · Consumer & Company Law · Law Firm · Law Fun · Lloyd Duhaime · Tort & Personal Injury · Awards and History · Contract Law · Steps in a Lawsuit · Employment & Labour Law · Memo for Our Witnesses

• http://dictionary.lp.findlaw.com – jau aptartos informacinës firmos FindLaw teisiniø terminø paieðkos internetinë DB; Populiarø Gerald and Kathleen Hill interneto komercinës teisës þody- nëlá siûlo svetainë lengvai ásimenamu adresu: http://dictionary.law.com. Jame galima rasti teisës terminø apibrëþimø ir jø alternatyviø prasmiø.

315 4. VERSLO INFORMACIJOS BEI KITOS EKONOMINËS ANALIZËS IR TYRIMØ DB

Ðiame darbe maþai dëmesio skirta tradiciniø verslo direktorijø internete adresams apibûdinti. Joms priskirtinos ðios direktorijos: Europos verslo puslapiai – http://www.europages.com – interneto informacija 25 kalbomis (ES nariø – ir lietuviø, taip pat arabø bei japonø) apie maþdaug pusæ milijardo verslo ir finansø bendroviø 35 Europos ðalyse teikiama pagal produktø, paslaugø, firmø pavadinimø, veiklos srièiø paieðkà. Prie svetainës yra e. prekybos, valiutø ir matø skaièiuokliø, finansiniø paslau- gø ir susijæ tinklalapiai (ið viso maþdaug 460 tûkst bendroviø). DB taip pat platinamos CD-ROM formatu (150 tûkst. bendroviø, pateikiama 580 tûkst. pirkëjø) ir kaip knygos (450 tûkst. tiraþu). Svetainës paieðkos yra ðios:

EUROPAGES KATALOGAS Apie mus Viskas apie katalogà Duomenø bazë Ieðkoti informaciniame leidinyje Mûsø partneriai, su kuriais galima bendrauti Ieðkoti prekës arba paslaugos tiesioginiu ryðiu pagal veiklos sektoriø arba rubrikà Prekiø þenklø bendradarbiavimas Pagal ámonës pavadinimà Paieðkos blokai Paskelbti KATALOGE Reklaminës juostos ir mygtukai Paieðkos juosta Prekybos tinklas Prekyvietë Informacinio leidinio platinimas Ámoniø katalogai EUROPAGES prekës ir paslaugos Kontaktai Viskas apie katalogà Terminai ir sàlygos Viskas apie skelbimus SKELBIMAI Viskas apie vieðuosius sandorius Viskas apie skelbimus EUROPAGES spaudoje Pirkimo pasiûlymai FAQ – daþnai uþduodami klausimai Pasiþiûrëti Informacinio leidinio paieðkos juostos Ádëti Vieðøjø sandoriø skelbimai Gauti Mano sàskaitos Pardavimo pasiûlymai Terminai ir sàlygos Pasiþiûrëti Klausimø ar komentarø, susijusiø su Ádëti EUROPAGES ir mûsø paslaugomis (norint Gauti suþinoti, kaip paskelbti) EUROPAGES MANO SÀSKAITA dël pagalbos arba techninës problemos Identifikacija Bendrieji ryðiai Pamirðtas slaptaþodis Keisti kalbas Mano informacija Ðá puslapá siøsti draugui Atnaujinti mano profilá

316 Mano abonementas Árankiai ir paslaugos Iðsibraukti Siuntø stebëjimas Mano informacinis leidinys Valiutø konvertavimas Mano skelbimas Matø keitimas Mano paieðkos Þemëlapiai ir marðrutai Mano skelbimai Laiðkø pavyzdþiai Mano pardavimo ir pirkimo pasiûlymai Sakiniai–raktai ávairiomis kalbomis Mano perspëjimai Automatinis vertimas Mano vieðieji sandoriai Profesionalus vertimas Mano perspëjimai Verslo informacija Verslo iðtekliai Laikraðèiai GELTONIEJI PUSLAPIAI Europos informacija Geltonieji Europos ðaliø puslapiai Finansai Geltonieji ne Europos ðaliø puslapiai

• Kanados verslo ir vartotojø tinklalapis (http://strategis.ic.gc.ca) anglø bei prancûzø kalbomis, skirtas verslo bendroviø (daugiausia Kanados) pagal sritis þinynui, teikiantis informacijà apie ekonominæ analizæ ir statistikà, verslo finansavimà bei teisinio reguliavimo, licencijø ir uþimtumo, komercijos ir investicijø, eksporto ir rinkodaros, taip pat e. prekybos ir e. verslo bei aplinkosaugos aspektus, patentø ir kitø intelektinës apsaugos priemoniø, konkurencinës aplinkos, finansiniø paslaugø skaièiuokliø, verslo apsaugos ir programinës aplinkos, rinkø apþvalgø ir kitas DB. Meniu klasifikatorius sudarytas pagal daugiausia ieðkomø pagrindiniø sàvokø junginiø abëcëlinæ rodyklæ (jø iðsamus sàraðas – http://strategis.ic.gc.ca/engdoc/alpha.html – sudaro maþdaug 11 standart. teksto puslapiø) ir jos lyginamoji analizë su universaliais verslo bei finansø klasifikatoriais, pateikiamais ðio darbo prieduose, gali padëti nustatyti ir ávairias verslo konsultacines institucijas bei firmas, ir visai naujas verslo interesø sritis internete, naujus jas apibû- dinanèius terminus. Pagrindinës paieðkos sritys:

Company Directories Trade, Investment Business Information by Sector Economic Analysis, Statis- tics Research, Technology, Innovation Business Support, Financing Licences, Legislation Employment, Learning Consumer Information Strategis Guides: Starting a Business Financing Exporting Researching Markets Suppliers, Partners, Customers Managing People Using Electronic Commerce Exploiting Technology Opportunities Busi- ness & the Environment

317 • Telemet America Inc. savo interneto svetainëje http://www. taquote. com teigia apimanti 12 tûkst. bendroviø rinkos duomenis bei aprûpinanti verslo ataskaitiniais ir birþø kotiruoèiø duomenimis 25 tûkst. firmø (ter- minalø kotiruotës leidþia taikyti 30 techninës analizës rodikliø).

• Line 56 – kasdieninis e. verslo darbuotojø þinynas, kaip já apibûdina administratorius (http://www.line56.com/about/site_map.asp), teikiantis informacijà apie e. verslo bendroves (paieðka pagal pavadinimà arba veiklos pobûdá; þr. http://www.line56.com/directory/index.asp), e. rinkas, jose atlie- kamø operacijø programinæ aplinkà ir kità infrastruktûrà, logistikà bei tiekimo tinklus (nuoroda á http://www.i2.com), konjunktûros pokyèius; yra ir nuoroda á kità internetinæ e. verslo portalø direktorijà (http:/www.portal- smag.com). Line56 kartu su http://www.technologyevaluation.com svetaine teikia tiekimo firmø ir produktø reitingus (informacija pagal 50 finansiniø bei apskaitos ir 3430 kt. – vadybiniø, patikimumo, iðtekliø ir pan. – para- metrø). Praneðimas su vieno produkto visapusiðku ávertinimu kainuoja 450 JAV doleriø, uþ kiekvienà papildomà praneðimà reikia mokëti dar po 250 JAV doleriø. Svetainës pagrindinës paieðkos sritys pateikiamos toliau:

Line56 Home News & Features Portals All News & Features (Monthly View) BPM Ecosystem Stories Strategy e-Biz In Action E-Business Resources Viewpoints Research Reports Archive Archived Features Company Profiles From Line56 Magazine E-Business Top56 Past Issues of Line56 Magazine Submit Company Profiles Face2Face Interviews E-Business Events Subscriptions Events Calendar E-Newsletters Line56 Media Info Topic Centers About Line56 Procurement & Buy-Side How To Advertise Supply Chain Management Download Media Kits Enterprise Technology Getting Covered EAI & Web Services Line56 News Content Management Privacy Policy CRM & Sell-Side Contact Us

318 Bendroviø ir ámoniø þinynus internete pateikia didieji serveriai, pavyz- dþiui, Yahoo, pagal iðskirtà veiklos profilá: http://dir.yahoo.com/Business_ and_Economy/Directories/Companies; ðiame tinklalapyje pateikiama net 40 nuorodø á kitus interneto þinynus. Gerai þinomi daugiatomiai ir interneto Kompass bendroviø mokami þinynai, kuriø skiriamuoju poþymiu reikia laikyti grupavimus suvestinëse lentelëse pagal iðskirtà veiklø apibûdinimà, leidþianèias palyginti parinktas bendroves pagal svarbiausius veiklos rodiklius, ðalis ir regionus bei gamybos produktus arba paslaugas 25 pasaulio kalbomis (http://products.kompass. com; http://www1.kompass.com/kinl/index.php). • Blackwell Synergy DB – http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/action/ showJournals? – iðsami finansø – apskaitos, bankininkystës, mokesèiø, verslo ir rizikos vadybos bei jø teisiniø aspektø 400 ðaltiniø publikacijø tarptau- tiniuose þurnaluose paieðkos svetainë, moksliniø þurnalø DB; apima 358 ekonomikos, vadybos, psichologijos, sociologijos, socialinio darbo, polito- logijos, ðvietimo, teisës, matematikos bei statistikos srièiø leidinius (MRU serveryje þr. http://www.mruni.lt/biblioteka/doc/Blackwell_ sarasas.doc). • Panaðios savo teikiamomis informacinëmis paslaugomis yra EBSCO (http://www.epnet.com/database.html) ir Cambridge University Press socialiniø bei humanitariniø mokslø þurnalø straipsniø bazës (iðleistas D. Kaunaitës ir kt. Paieðkos duomenø bazëse EBSCO Publishing ir Springer LINK vadovas/Kaunas: Smaltija, 2003). EBSCO apima apie 100 000 informaciniø vienetø ið maþdaug 1000 DB (bibliotekø, valstybiniø ástaigø, tyrimø centrø ir t. t.) bei maþdaug 200 e. þurnalø ið skirtingø serveriø (http://ejournals.ebsco.com). • Oksfordo universiteto (periodiniø mokslo leidiniø abëcëlinë pa- ieðka – http://www.oxfordjournals.org; maþdaug 120 þinynø bei enciklopediniø elektroniniø leidiniø paieðka – http://www.oxfordreference. com/pub/views/ home.html), Kalifornijos (San Diego) universiteto (http://www.emeraldinsight. com/info/products_services/subject.jsp) vadybos, apskaitos ir kitos ekonomikos, teisës, socialiniø ir kitø þurnalø straipsniø informacinës svetainës.

319 • Springer Verlag ir Kluwer Academic Press pasauliniø mokslo leidyklø – socialiniø mokslø publikacijø abëcëlinës DB adresas – http://www. springerlink.com. Jos tinklalapiuose galima ieðkoti pagal leidinio pavadinimà, leidyklà arba tematikà bei e. bibliotekas: · Browse Publications (A-Z) · Browse New Publications · Browse by Online Libraries (subject areas) · Browse Publishers

Plaèios ávairiaðakiø moksliniø bei populiariøjø periodiniø leidiniø internetinës bazës, kurios apima ir èia apþvelgiamas socialiniø mokslø sritis – Socialinës informacijos instituto (jis skelbia Socialiniø mokslø citavimo indeksà, þr. http://isiknowledge.com, DB nuo 1990 m.; naudojimosi ðiuo indeksu instrukcijà þr. http://www.mb.vu.lt/duombaz/pWeb.html); Infotrac koledþo svetainëse (DB yra maþdaug 2 mln. straipsniø ið maþdaug 6 tûkst. þurnalø, þr. (http://infotrac. thomsonlearning.com). ProQuest socialiniø mokslø DB (http://proquest.umi.com – mokomøjø ir mokslo periodiniø leidiniø; http://wwwlib. umi.com/dissertations/gateway – disertacijø; meniu struktûra – http://www.il. proquest.com/ sitemap.shtml) bei Thomson GALE periodiniø publikacijø verslo bei investicijø klausimais DB (pateikiamos ir atskirø pramonës ðakø apþvalgos, rinkos duomenys, þr. http:/ /infotrac.galegroup.com). Internetiná bendroviø ir produktø bei paslaugø gamybos þinynà skelbia firma Thomas Net savo svetainëje http://www.thomasnet.com/index.html; joje iðvardijamos, pavyzdþiui, nuorodos á 68 apskaitos bendroves, maþdaug 5,5 tûkst. – á marketingo paslaugø tiekëjus ir t. t. Panaði internetinio nuorodø þinyno firma Tradeworlds savo svetainëje skelbia sàsajas su 126 portalais, specalizuotais (http://www.tradeworlds.com) pagal veiklos pobûdá. Daugiau kaip 1,5 mln. bendroviø nuorodø pagal veiklos sritis skelbia Amarillas savo interneto svetainës tinklalapyje http://www.amarillas. com. Mokamà maþdaug 1 mln. bendroviø paieðkà pagal 29 poþymius, taip pat 14 susijusiø DB siûlo firma Jump 1 (þr. http://www.1jump.com/types.html). Patogiai iðskirtà B2B firmø interneto adresø JAV, Anglijoje ir Australijoje þinynà siûlo bendrovës CompanySeek svetainë (http://www.companyseek. com).

320 Penkiomis kalbomis savo tarptautiná verslo institucijø, bankininkystës, turizmo, eksporto ir produktø paieðkos Vidurio Europos ðalyse interneto þinynà skelbia International Business Directory adresu http://www.ibd- business.de/Ibdmain.htm. Firmos WOK Websters online ir SicCode savo svetainëse teikia skirtingø ðakø pasaulio bendroviø ir verslo konsultantø paieðkos pagal standartinës tarptautinës klasifikacijos kodus interneto paslaugas (http://www.webdir. net/ default.asp; www.SICcode.com). Ðios svetainës finansiniø paslaugø meniu fragmento struktûra tokia:

Industrial Directory By SIC Codes Finance & Real Estate (SIC Code 60-67) Depository Institutions Non-Depository Credit Institutions Security & Commodity Brokers,Dealers,Exchanges & Services Insurance Carriers Insurance Agents, Brokers And Service Real Estate Holding & Other Investment Offices

Gerai organizuota tarptautinës paieðkos – pagal bendroviø pavadinimus, produktus arba veiklos sritis – sistema pateikiama firmos Trade Attache svetainëje http://www.tradeattache.com/index.jsp.

321 Ðios svetainës glausto paieðkos meniu skirsniai yra tokie:

TRADE SERVICES TRADING POST LIST YOUR COMPANY Trade Leads Search Offer Overview Direct Services Post Offer Pricing Peripheral Information My Work Area List Now Regulatory Search For SIC Code My Listing E-Escrow Search For SIC Code Instant Translator Currency Converter Travel Trade Basics

Kiti verslo þinynai internete: • http://library.dialog.com/bluesheets/html/bl0531.html – Amerikos verslo þinyno internete (American Business Directory: DIALOG) svetainë; skelbia 12 mln. JAV verslo adresø pagal Standartinæ pramonës klasifikacijà (SIC), atitinka 5000 þinyno geltonøjø puslapiø (International Dun’s Market Identifi- ers; Standard & Poor’s Corporate Descriptions Plus News); yra bendroviø direktorijos ir pagal jø birþø kotiravimo kodus (tickers). Informacija mokama. • http://www.referenceusa.com – internetinë prenumeruojama JAV institucijø, verslo bendroviø bei teisiniø konsultantø DB; riboto naudojimo – bibliotekoms, valstybës institucijoms, mokymo ástaigoms. • http://vlib.org/BusinessEconomics – virtualios verslo ir ekonomikos skaityklos internete svetainës adresas; paieðkos meniu skirsniai ir teminiai informacijos ðaltiniai pateikiami toliau:

ECONOMICS Economics Composed of two sub-sites, RFE: Resources for Economists on the Internet and WebEC: WWW Re- sources in Economics, which together comprise the WWW Virtual Library Economics. this resource in English is indexed under: Business and Economics, Social and Behavioural Sci- ences. COMMERCIAL ARBITRATION, INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL ARBITRATION Arbitration Resources on International Arbitration, Commercial Arbitration, ‘ADR’, Mediation, Conciliation and other methods of private dispute resolution. Database of treaty parties, especially to the New York Convention (1958). Case Law on the UNCITRAL Model Law (MAL). Also includes material on Public Arbitration (state:state dispute resolution), Mixed Arbitration, and the work of the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA). see also: Admiralty and Maritime Law. this resource in English is indexed under: Business and Economics, International Affairs, Law.

322 DIGITAL RIGHTS MANAGEMENT Digital Rights Management Digital Rights Management (DRM) describes a range of technologies which allow control of distribution and access to digital information, typically - but not restricted to - mass-media content (e.g. books, music, movies), software or data files (e.g. documents, spreadsheets, databases). this resource in English is indexed under: Business and Economics, Communications and Media, Computing and Computer Science, Engineering, Law. ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS HISTORY Economic and Business History The Economic and Business History section of the WWW Virtual Library is maintained in Amsterdam by the Netherlands Economic History Archive. this resource in English is indexed under: Business and Economics, History. ELECTRONIC AND DISTRIBUTED COMMERCE Electronic and Distributed Commerce Over the years, this site has tracked the evolution of E-Commerce from new technology to mainstream business component – with all the hype and despair along the way. Over time the emphasis of this site has also shifted, from initially publishing the early commerce players and emerging issues to tracking the business models that worked and didn’t. this resource in English is indexed under: Business and Economics, Computing and Computer Science. FINANCE Finance Note: non-compliant site (see http://vlib.org/admin/requirements). this resource in English is indexed under: Business and Economics. LABOUR HISTORY Labour History The Labour History section of the WWW Virtual Library, part of the WWW VL History Network, is maintained by the International Institute of Social History, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, since October 1996. this resource in English is indexed under: Business and Economics, History. MARKETING Marketing KnowThis.com’s Marketing Virtual Library as been in existence since 1998 when it was chosen to be the Marketing specialty area within the World Wide Web Virtual Library. The site provides extensive coverage of marketing and marketing-related areas, including marketing basics, market research, advertising, Internet marketing and sales. this resource in English is indexed under: Business and Economics. MICROCREDIT AND MICROFINANCE

• http://fisher.osu.edu/fin/overview.htm – virtualios finansø skaityklos internete svetainës puslapiai, skirti bankams, birþoms, investuotojams, rinkos naujienoms; • Japonijos verslo bendroviø DB ir ekonominiø tendencijø apþvalgos bei verslo naujienos anglø kalba skelbiamos tinklalapyje https://www.teikoku. com/products.aspx.

323 • Econ Space svetainëje, kaip minëta, yra puslapiø, skirtø JAV mokymo ekonominiø departa- mentø tinklalapiø nuorodoms (http://mosweb. com/econdept) ir paieðkai. Makroekonomikos kurso struktûra sudaryta iš 5 daliø (http:/ /amosweb.com/cls/macro.shtml), pavyzdþiui:

A. Introduction C. The Macroeconomy E. Money and Banking Economic Basics Macro Basics Money Economic Science Gross Domestic Product Banking Scarcity Circular Flow Money Creation Production Possibilities Business Cycle Federal Reserve System B. The Market D. The Aggregate Market Demand Aggregate Demand Supply Aggregate Supply Market Equilibrium Market Shocks Aggregate Shocks

Tarpdisciplininiø DB centrø adresai. Ðiuolaikiniø ekonomikos ir finan- sø tyrimø plëtra daþnai vyksta daugiakrypèiø moksliniø tyrimø bei jø veiklà remianèiø tarptautiniø ir nacionaliniø organizacijø srityje. Ið jø iðskirtinai nurodytini ðie: IFDO (International Federation of Data Organizations); CESSDA (Council of European Social Science Data Archives); ILSES (Integrated Library and Survey Data Extraction Service); NESSTAR (Networked Social Science Tools and Resources); FASTER (Flexible Access to Statistics, Tables and Electronic Resources) LIMBER (Language Independent Metadata Browsing of European Resources); MADIERA (Multilingual Access to Data Infrastructures of the European Research); MetaDater (Metadata Management and Production System for Empirical Socio-Economic Research); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Volkswagen Stiftung - Vokietijoje t.p. Berlyno socialiniø mokslø tyrimo centras, Nacionalinis socialiniø mokslø tyrimo centras Graikijoje EKKE, Consiglio Nazionale delle Richerche Italijoje, Maison des Sciences de l’Homme, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques - Prancûzijoje, JAV American Council of Learned Societies, National Endownment for Humanities, Social Science Research Council, Rockefeller Foundation – JAV; ZUMA, GESIS - Vokietija; / TARKI - Vengrija; / ISSDA - Airija; ir kt

324 Ekonominës minties ir doktrinø istorijos archyvo interneto svetainë – http:/ /socserv2.socsci.mcmaster.ca/~econ/ugcm/3ll3/index.html; ði didelë archyvo interneto svetainë sudaryta pagal þymiausiø asmenybiø ir veikëjø abëcëlinës rodyklës pagrindu sustruktûrintas temines paskaitas ir apþvalgas. Teminë medþiaga surinkta kruopðèiai ir neabejotinai vertinga, bet stilistiðkai nevienalytë, nes ið skirtingø ðaltiniø ir ávairiø autoriø. Kai kuriø autoriø idëjos pateikiamos jø ir jø pasekëjø svarbiausiø darbø tekstais (pvz., K. Marx). Svetainæ priþiûri Bristolio ir Melburno universitetai. Yra nemaþas sàraðas internetiniø nuorodø á kitus specialius universitetinius, ekonominiø draugijø bei þymiø þmoniø archyvus, enciklopedijas ir bibliotekas. • http://www.helsinki.fi/WebEc/frameb.html – WebEc nuorodø á eko- nominës minties istorijos ðaltiniø svetaines tinklalapis; • http://cepa.newschool.edu/het – abëcëlinë ekonomikos teoretikø DB, kurios tinklalapiuose apibûdinamas jø indëlis ir pagrindiniø darbø bibliografija, svarbiausios ekonominiø doktrinø mokyklos, mikro- ir makroekonomikos teorijos, kai kurie tekstai ið klasikiniø darbø originalø; • http://www.frbsf.org/publications/education/greateconomists/ index.html – FRS San Francisko banko svetainës tinklalapiai, skirti þymiems ekonomistams, jø idëjø plëtros etapams; • http://eh.net/encyclopedia – Ekonominës ir verslo istorijos aiðkina- mojo terminø enciklopedinio sàvado internete adresas. Maþai analitikos, daugiau socialinës ekonomikos ir istorijos terminø. Ekonominës istorijos asociacijos ir panaðiø organizacijø – Ekonominës bendrijos istorijos, Kliometrijos bendrijos bei Ekonominës istorijos bendrijos – tinklalapiai pateikiami adresu http://eh.net. Skelbiamos bibliografijos tyrimams skirtø duomenø baziø direktorijos (daugiau kaip 30, pagal ðalis ir atskirus rodiklius, http://eh.net/databases); kai kuriø rodikliø istoriniø eiluèiø pavyzdþiai:

Data Series Online The following data series are hosted by EH.Net: · Biweekly Data on the Confederate Grayback Note Price of a Gold Dollar in Richmond and Houston · Developing Country Export Statistics: 1840, 1860, 1880 and 1900 · Early Forward Exchange Markets: Vienna, 1876-1914 · Global Financial Data, 1880-1913 · Greenback Series · Historical Labor Statistics Project Series · U.S. Agricultural Workforce,1800-1900

325 · U.S. Customs House Data, 1854-59 · U.S. Population Series · U.S. Public Debt Issues, 1775-1976 · Unskilled wage index, U.S. · Weekly Data on Confederate Cotton Bond Prices in London and Junk Bond Prices in Amsterdam Database Directory · Australia - Union Bank of Australia Personnel Records: 19th century · Bulgaria - Bank and Monetary History; Economic Growth, and the Economy of the Public Issues · Canada - Estimates of Money Stock: 1871-1967 · Canada - Province of Quebec Public Finance: 1867-1969 · Canadian Pacific Railway Employees: 1900-1945 · East Central European Land Ownership: 1880-1939 · English Exchange Rates and Stock Prices: 1698-1823 · Germany - Saxony Economic History: 1815-1974 · Historical Prices and Wages, European and Non-European Countries, pre-1914 · Irish Historical Statistics: 1821-1911 · Italy - Florentine Domains and the City of Verona: 1427 · Latin America: Foreign Investment into Latin America During the Twentieth Century · Liverpool Trade and Shipping: 1744-1786 · Macroeconomics Data: 1790 to 1935 · NBER Macrohistory Dataset · Netherlands - National Accounts: 1800-1913 · Ottoman Economic/Social History: 1600-1900 · Rural History Data · Scottish Foreign Investment: 1860-1914 · U.S. Bank Market Structure, 1896-1955 · U.S. Banking Legislation Votes: 1824-1836 · U.S. Censuses of Manufacturing: Samples from 1850, 1860, 1870 and 1880 · U.S. Federal Revenues by State and Source: 1833-37 · U.S. Historical County Boundary Files: 1850-1970 · U.S. Households Savings and Dissavings: 1918-1919 · U.S. Income Tax - Estate Tax Records: 1916 to Present · U.S. Index of Industrial Production: 1790-1915 (extendable thru 2003) · U.S. Merger Movement Financial Information 1879-1904 · U.S. New York Plank Road Companies: 1847-1865 · U.S. Weeks Report of Wages in Manufacturing Firms up to 1880 · U.S. Worker and Firm Data: 1874-1920 · U.S. Workers Compensation Datasets: 1900-1930

Ekonominës istorijos bendrijos svetainëje taip pat pateikiama verslo ir ekonominës istorijos interneto enciklopedija (http://eh.net/encyclopedia), sudaryta ið nemaþø apþvalginiø straipsniø. Svetainëje pateikiama informacija

326 apie ávairius renginius bei kitus profesinius ávykius, pavyzdþiui, apie tarptautines konferencijas Europos verslo istorijos, Europos istorinës ekonomikos bendrijos ir Ekonominës istorijos tyrimø bei kitose srityse. • http://www.neha.nl/w3vl – ekonominës ir verslo istorijos internetinë nuorodø svetainë. Paieðka vykdoma pagal ekonominës minties istorijos svetaines ir publikacijas, specialius archyvus ir bibliotekas, tiriamàsias ástaigas ir ðalis, asociacijas ir draugijas; yra adresø abëcëlinë suvestinë rodyklë; skiriamos ðios paieðkos sritys:

• http://www.iisg.nl/~w3vl – darbo ekonomikos istorijos internetinë nuorodø svetainë; tinklalapiø struktûros kriterijai panaðûs.

Periodiniø finansø ir ekonomikos publikacijø internete svetainës

Ribos tarp informacijos, pateikiamos firmø leidybiniø padaliniø spaus- diniuose, ir skelbiamos internete, tapo labai sàlyginës; daþniausiai interneto svetainëse skelbiama naujesnë, ypaè itin aktuali informacija, o spausdintuose variantuose iðsamiau nusakomos analitinës aplinkybës. • http://www.elsevier.com/homepage/sae/econworld/menu.htm – Elzevier mokslo leidyklos ekonominiø publikacijø interneto svetainë, apimanti 3400 darbø ir 13 500 santraukø online;

327 • http://econpapers.repec.org; http://netec.mcc.ac.uk/BibEc.html – didþiausia pasaulyje internetinë ekonomikos darbø bazë, apimanti ið viso 334 384 darbus (235 442 tûkst. galima atsisiøsdinti); ið jø 157,6 tûkst. mokslo darbø (102 tûkst. galima atsisiøsdinti) ið 1400 leidiniø; 174 443 straipsniai ið 431 þurnalo; 1280 programiniø sprendimø; 582 knygos (472 atsiunèia- mos); 490 knygø skyriø, ið viso 7608 autoriai; • http://www.oswego.edu/~economic/journals.htm; http://www.helsinki. fi/WebEc/journals.html – panaðios internetinës ekonomikos þurnalø abëcëlinës bazës, apimanèios daugumos ðios srities pasaulio publikacijø archyvus; • http://webmail.econ.ohio-state.edu/john/IndexDataArchive.php – Pinigø, kredito ir bankininkystës þurnalo interneto puslapiai (archyvas nuo 1996 m.); yra galimybë perþiûrëti dar nepublikuotus, bet artimiausiems numeriams parengtus straipsnius (.../john/Upcoming.php); • http://www.economist.com – ekonomikos, politikos, verslo ir tech- nologijø problemø apþvalginis savaitraðtis, bene populiariausias pasaulyje; skelbia vertingus finansø rinkos ir politinës ekonomijos apibendrinimus bei apþvalgas, kuriø dalis skelbiama ir internete; • http://www.aeaweb.org – Amerikos ekonomistø asociacijos svetainë; svarbiausia joje yra plaèiai pasaulyje vartojama ekonominiø publikacijø (JEL) klasifikacija. Svetainës meniu orientuotas á ðios klasifikacijos kriterijø integravimà atliekant paieðkos stadijà (þr. toliau):

World-wide Financing Venture Capital Loans Offshore Bank Formation Offshore Tax Exempt Companies International Business companies (IBC’s) Asset Based Financing Programs Asset Protection Plan World-Wide Project Financing Mortgage & Commercial Real Estate Loans Asset Based Financing Oil & Gas Exploration Financing Due Diligence World-Wide Business Loans Precious Metals World-Wide Corporate Financing World Wide Hotel, Motel And Resort Financing Stocks, Bonds & Security Loans World-Wide Agricultural Loans Offshore Tax Exempt Companies Industrial And Commercial Loans Offshore Trust Formation Programs Commercial Real Estate Financing Art Gallery Old Masters Paintings Sculptures Eurodollar Loans Mining and Exploration Financing Energy and Water Projects Financing Prestigious Diamonds Venture Capital Funds World-Wide World-Wide Equity Financing Project And Equity Financing Mezzanine & Earn-Out Loans Gold Silver Platinum Palladium

328 Casino Loans Credit Enhancement International Loans World Wide Student Loans Project Funding World-Wide Project Financing Casino Hotel Financing Mortgage And Construction Loans Commercial Loans World-Wide Business Financing Offshore Tax Exempt Companies Asset Based Loans Selling Your Bank? World-Wide Hotel Financing World-Wide Project & Business Financing World-Wide Hospital And Health Care Financing Timber And Forestry Loans World’s Largest Pawn Shop Oil & Gas Financing Ultimate Consignment & Thrift Store Art Gallery Medical Receivables Financing/Factoring Acceptable Assets For Loan International Finance Asset Protection Trust Precious Metals Asset Based Financing Timber And Forestry Loans World-Wide Offshore Bank Formation Vineyard, Vintage, Wine And Spirits Loans Selling Your Bank? Export Import And Trade Financing Casino Financing Guaranteed Highest Prices Paid For Old Jewelry Vineyard And Vintage Financing And Diamonds Commercial Real Estate Financing Industrial And Commercial Loans Precious Metals World-Wide Commercial Lending International financing World-Wide Motion Picture Financing International Loans Industrial Loans & Business Financing Rare Coins Selling Your Bank? Diamonds World-Wide Casino Financing Corporate Finance Offshore Tax Exempt Companies Asset Protection Trust Asset Based Loans & Equity Financing Mining And Exploration Financing World-Wide Project Funding & Venture Capital Venture Capital World-Wide Construction Loans & Venture Funding World-Wide Commercial Lending Commercial Lending Mortgage & Commercial Real Estate Loans Corporate Financing Offshore Trust Formation Farm, Timber And Forestry Loans Asset Based Loan Hotel, Resort And Casino Financing Business Financing Hotel And Resort Financing Offshore Tax Exempt Companies Offshore Tax Exempt Companies International Money Transfer Mining and Exploration Financing Aircraft Financing Motion Picture Financing Golf Course Loans Program Offshore Trust Formation Acquisitions & Mergers Oil & Gas Exploration Financing Franchise Opportunities World-Wide Precious Metals Institutional Financing World-Wide Project Financing World-Wide Equipment Leasing & Financing Venture Capital Šaltinis: http://www.aeaweb.org/journal/jel_class_system.html

329 • http://www.aeaweb.org /aer/contents – American Economic Review þurnalo interneto puslapiai (archyvas nuo 1999 m.; ankstesniø yra tik santraukos); yra galimybë suþinoti dar nepublikuotø, bet parengtø spausdinti straipsniø pavadinimus (.../contents/accepted.html); • ftp://www.amstat.org/JBES_View – Journal of Business and Economic Statistics skelbiamø statistiniø lenteliø internetinis sàvadas pagal chrono- logijà nuo 1999 m.; • http://www.res.org.uk/economic/economichome.asp – Anglijos karaliðkosios ekonominës draugijos þurnalo The Economics Journal straips- niø santraukos ir tekstai internete pdf formatu nuo 1997 m.; http://www. res.org.uk/econometrics/econometricshome.asp – analogiðko ðios draugijos þurnalo The Econometrics Journal straipsniø santraukos ir tekstai pdf formatu nuo 1998 m.; • http://www.econometricsociety.org/suppmatlist.asp – Tarptautinës ekonometrijos draugijos þurnalo Econometrica straipsniø santraukos ir tekstai internete pdf formatu nuo 1997 m.; • http://qed.econ.queensu.ca/jae – Queens universiteto þurnalo Jour- nal of Applied Econometrics straipsniø santraukos ir tekstai internete zip formatu nuo 1988 m. (komplektas nuo 1995 m.); • http://oxrep.oxfordjournals.org – Oxford Review of Economics Policy internetinis adresas; galima perþiûrëti santraukas on-line ir 1996–2005 m. visus tekstus pdf formatu (1985–1995 m. – tik turiniai); • http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/JIBC – Internetinës bankinin- kystës ir komercijos þurnalo tinklalapis; skelbia straipsniø tekstus pava- dinime nurodytais klausimais; • http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/1351847X.asp – 2 – mënesinio Europos finansø þurnalo, skirto finansø ir bankininkystës, pasaulio investi- ciniø rinkø klausimams, interneto tinklalapis; • Financial Times – http://news.ft.com – þinomiausio finansø dienrað- èio svetainë; • The Wall Street Journal – http://online.wsj.com/public/us – Volstryto þurnalo svetainë; • CNN Money – http://money.cnn.com – garsios naujienø agentûros pinigø rinkos svetainë; • Smart Money – http://www.smartmoney.com; • The New York Times – http://www.nytimes.com/pages/business/ index.html – þinomo JAV leidinio pinigø rinkø svetainë;

330 • The Street – http://www.thestreet.com; • The Worth – http://www.worth.com – populiaraus verslo þurnalo svetainë; • Barron‘s – http://online.barrons.com/public/main – finansinio leidinio paieðkø meniu; • USA Today (money) – http://www.usatoday.com/money/front.htm – pinigø rinkø naujienø svetainë; • Washington Post – http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/ business/index.html – JAV verslo naujienø svetainë; • Financial Content – http://www.financialcontent.com/web/sol_f inancial.shtml;.../sol_ir.shtml – investiciniø sprendimø pavyzdys; • Red Herring – http://www.redherring.com – technologijø verslo ir in- vesticiniø naujienø þurnalas.

Ekonominiø publikacijø leidyklos Elsevier DB tinklalapyje http://www. elsevier.nl/nieuws/economie/index apþvelgiami pastarøjø 15 metø 38 pagrindiniai pasaulio ekonominiai ir finansiniai þurnalø straipsniai. Ið viso yra 12 800 straipsniø. Paieðka vykdoma pagal autoriø, pavadinimà, þodá. Neseniai pasirodþiusi ekonomikos ir teisës straipsniø svetainë VU kol kas teikë tik aðtuoniø rusø ir lietuviø leidiniø ið ekonomikos apþvalgà (adresas: http://www.sic.vu.lt/baze/lt/ekonomika), bei penkiø leidiniø ið teisës apþvalgà (www. sic.vu.lt/baze/lt/teise; dviejø – vokieèiø ir dviejø – anglø k.); artimiausiu metu numatoma átraukti daugiau leidiniø anglø kalba.

Metaekonomikos – ekonominës metodologijos paradigmos – tyrimai. Sisteminë metateorinë samprata orientuota á globalizacijos bei informaciniø technologijø ekonomikos plëtrai keliamus uþdavinius – juk iki ðiol nebaigti kurti veiksmingi visuotiniai intelektinio kapitalo efekto matavimo meto- dologiniai pagrindai. Interneto svetainëse apþvelgiami metaekonomikos metodai daugiausia remiasi intelektiniais esamø ir hipotetiniø ekonomikos konstruktø apibendrinimais. Ðiuo kontekstu metaekonomika pagrindþia bendruosius ir specifinius ekonominiø mokslø principus bei kriterijus, nustato jø subordinacijos logikà bei jø skirtumus nuo kitø socialiniø mokslø, sàsajas su vadyba, sociologija, politologija, psichologija, demografija ir pan. Metaekonomika konceptualizuoja bendràsias paþintines bei ontologines nuostatas, ekonominës veiklos ir jos tyrimø santyká, ekonominës veiklos socialiniø preferencijø poveiká (þr. http://www.vdu.lt/Leidiniai/Organiza- cijuVadyba/Nr29.html).

331 Šiuo metu google, yahoo ir copernic paieðkos serveriai randa maþdaug 180–250 DB adresø á ðià perspektyvià metodologiniø apibendrinimø sritá ir alternatyvias metaekonomikos termino sampratas ávairiuose pasaulio tinklalapiuose. Neabejotinai vyrauja Gary D. Lynne (Nebraska-Lincoln universitetas) svetainës interneto puslapiai (maþdaug 40): • http://agecon.unl.edu/lynne/ metaeconomics.htm;.../metaover.htm; …/ london_files/frame.htm;.../metascie.htm; • http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=371456; • http://www.ecsocman.edu.ru/db/msg/22520; ir kt.); http://www.ises. abo.fi/tren/ecological/0908.htm – dalinë Lynne metaekonomikos metodø samprata ekologiniu aspektu; • http://www.sase.org/conf2005/abstracts/abstracts.m.html – metaekonomika socioekonominës veiklos vertybiniø normø kontekste; • http://www.whgreen.com/crosser.html – P. Kroserio knygos Prolego- menos á visà bûsimàjà metaekonomikà (ISBN:0875270999) anotacija; • http://www.metaeconomics.com/mrc/index.htm – Tarptautinio metaekonomikos centro konsultacinë svetainë (anglø ir ispanø k.), kol kas daugiausia socialinës nelygybës ir plëtros skurdui áveikti klausimais. Þiniø visuomenës ekonominiams aspektams skirtø portalø bei puslapiø beveik kasdien didëja neátikëtinais tempais, taèiau dauguma jø skirta e. tinklø reklamai, nuorodoms á tarpusavyje susijusius tinklalapius ir labai sunku rasti vertingø originaliø analitinëms idëjoms plëtoti skirtø DB. Keletà svarbiausiø pateikiame toliau: • http://www.brint.com/km – þiniø visuomenës vadybos svetainë su originaliomis nuorodomis á þiniø ekonomikos, intelektinio kapitalo ir organizacinës vadybos komponentus svarbiausiuose sudëtiniuose veiklos sektoriuose, pavyzdþiui: þmogiðkieji iðtekliai, smulkusis verslas, bankinin- kystë, rinkodara, vyriausybinis sektorius ir pan.; DB ádomiai diferencijuotos ir pagal smulkø iðplëtotà intelektiniø kriterijø meniu, pateikiama sàsajø su mokslo tyrimø publikacijomis. Skirtingos semantinës kombinacijos ðioje svetainëje ið esmës tëra tik svarbiausi prasmiø junginiai DB paieðkoms pagrindiniuose serveriuose atlikti. Neginèijant ribotos tokio intelektiniø iðtekliø tyrimo metodo esmës, reikia pripaþinti jo metodologiná priimtinumà ieðkant neaiðkiø, ypaè á ateitá nukreiptø, ðiø iðtekliø ekonominiø aspektø prasmiø – pasitelkiant per paieðkà pasauliná intelektà semantikos gilinimo vardan. Akivaizdi ir rizika taikant ðá metodà nukrypti á pavirðutiniðkø bei atsitiktiniø prasmiø sankaupà. Tokia

332 padëtis susiklostë, pavyzdþiui, aiðkinant metaekonomikos esmæ – ið maþdaug 160 interneto adresø pagal pagrindinæ sàvokà tik maþdaug 20–30 geriau arba blogiau motyvavo semantinio turinio aiðkinimà (plg. pateiktà sampratos turiná), o kiti vartojo kaip patrauklø naujadarà personifikuotais prasminiais niuansais naudingumo, gerovës ir ekologiniø aspektø kontekste. • http://www.ladas.com; http://www.findlaw.com/01topics/23intellect- prop/index.html – intelektinës nuosavybës tinklalapiai, skirti teisinës apsaugos, dokumentø, teisininkø ir kitoms adresø duomenø bazëms; • http://encyclo.findlaw.com/1600book.pdf – P. Menell intelektinës nuosavybës teorijø apþvalgos pdf formatu internetinë publikacija; • http://www.jus.uio.no/lm/intellectual.property/toc – intelektinës nuosavybës teisës ir ginamø produktø (pramoninio dizaino, prekiø þenklø, autoriniø teisiø) bei kitø aspektø internetinë tinklalapiø nuorodø DB; nema- þai teisës svetainiø yra riboto naudojimo (pvz., þr. http://www.delphion.com); • http://www.aipla.org – Amerikos intelektinës nuosavybës teisës asociacijos svetainë (iðsamûs tinklalapiai, skirti teisiø apsaugos praktikai, apmokymui, teisininkams ir pan., prieinami tik registruotiems naudotojams); panaðûs yra Amerikos advokatø asociacijos intelektinës nuosavybës teisës sekcijos tinklalapiai (http://www.abanet.org/intelprop); Pasaulio ateities draugijos tinklalapiai (http://www.wfs.org) skirti jos publikacijoms (þurnale Futurist ir kt.), organizacijai pristatyti ir prognoziø (10) apþvalgoms (vadybos, technologijø, inovacijø, demografinëms ir ekologijos bei kt., þr..../fstop10fal04.htm) bei globalioms strategijoms aptarti. Kai kurios svetainës paieðkos temos yra tokios:

Future Survey Futurist Interviews Abstract of the Month Advertising • The Threats of Terrorism Archive Back Issues • Web Forums Current Issue Book Reviews Future Generations Best Recent Books and Reports Contents of Current Issue Cyber Society Order Form Letters to the Editor Global Strategies • Futures Research Quarterly Online Indexes Methodologies Back Issues Order Form Opportunity Contents of Current Issue Reprints/Permission Social Innovation Order Form Search The Futurist Utopias Writers Guidelines Writers Guidelines Wisdom of the World • The Futurist • Futurist Update Back Issues Back Clicks Subscribe to E-Newsletter

333 Pabaiga

EKONOMIKOS INFORMACINIO APRÛPINIMO STRATEGINËS PLËTROS ASPEKTAI

Integruojantis á Europos ekonominæ ir pinigø erdvæ, intelektiniø ir in- formaciniø iðtekliø plëtros kokybë tampa konkurencingumo ir iðsivystymo bei gyvenimo kokybës trûkumø áveikimo garantija ir priemone. Þiniø visuomenës sàlygomis tai pirmiausia reiðkia tai, kad kiekvieno paskaitø kurso privaloma sudedamoji dalis turi supaþindinti su internetiniø informaciniø atitinkamos srities svetainiø adresais. Visi firmø darbuotojai ir vadovai turi periodiðkai keistis informacija apie naujas ir produktyviausias informacines DB, naujus intelektinius produktus pasaulio rinkose. Tai ypaè svarbu finansiniø plëtros iðtekliø racionalaus iðdëstymo ir naudojimo, jø uþtikrinimo interesais. Suprantama, kad ásitraukimas á Europos ekonominæ ir pinigø erdvæ reiðkia ir tai, kad kai kurie Lietuvos gyventojai uþsiims ne þemës ûkiu ir netgi ne informacinëmis technologijomis, o tiesiog dalyvaus pasauliniø finansiniø rinkø tinkluose ir sudarinës birþø sandorius savo arba tam tikrø draudimo firmø interesais. Nors tokiø þmoniø Lietuvoje kol kas nëra gausu, per praëjusá deðimtmetá jø padaugëjo kelis kartus, taip pat sparèiai didëjo ir e. prekybos dalyviø skaièius. Pasaulinës globalizacijos rezultatas yra e. visuomenës formavimasis, kurios pagrindas – optiniø telekomunikacijø tinklø plëtra, daugelio ástaigø sujungimas su tarptautinëmis informacijos DB, daugelio savivaldos funkcijø uþtikrinimas e. priemonëmis bei kontrolës supaprastinimas ir neregëto intelektinio kapitalo augimo panaudojimo visuomenës gerovei galimybës. Kiekvieno visuomenës nario visapusiðkø gebëjimø ugdymas iðnaudojant informaciniø technologijø galimybes ir susipaþástant su esamomis DB visais sàmoningo gyvenimo ciklo laikotarpiais tampa pirmaeilës svarbos tikslu. Rengiant ðá interneto svetainiø, adresø bei nuorodø þinynà, rekomenduojama informacija buvo atrinkta ið deðimèiø tûkstanèiø adresø – tai labai darbui imlus procesas, uþsitæsæs keletà metø, nes kai kurios labai patraukliais pavadinimais duomenø bazës daþnai tëra sumanios administratoriaus reklamos vaisius; kitais atvejais, praëjus neilgam laiko tarpui po svetainës pasirodymo, jos svarbiausi intelektiniai produktai buvo iðimti (taip atsitiko

334 itin aukðtos kokybës Tarptautinës finansø enciklopedijos bei daugiatomës Tarptautinës vadybos enciklopedijos, kuriø atviri puslapiai buvo per menkai apsaugoti nuo kopijavimo ir autoriams padarë nemaþø nuostoliø, atvejais) arba svetainë dël ávairiø prieþasèiø buvo tiesiog uþdaryta. Tuo galima paaiðkinti svarbiausiø ekonomikos bei finansø terminø ir institucijø DB, tiesiogiai susijusiø su Google serverio paieðkos, kurià praktikuoja kai kuriø organizacijø bei asmeniniø svetainiø autoriai, kriterijø sistemø kaità ir kitus skirtumus. Suprantama, kad Google paieðkos sistema reiðkë revoliucijà universaliø klasifikacijø srityje, dauguma paieðkos taksonominiø sistemø ðiuo metu remiasi ðiø universaliø klasifikacijø subordinacijos, koreguojamos pagal sparèiai plëtojamas semantines sàsajas, kriterijø taikymu. Smulkiau jos gretinamos toliau pateikiamuose prieduose.

335 336 PRIEDAI

Skirtingos tarptautinës ekonomikos ir finansø taksonominës sistemos, birþø ir kitø finansiniø paslaugø svetainës

1. Ekonominës klasifikacijos subjektø deskriptoriai (JEL) 2. Ekonomistø iðtekliø pasauliniame tinkle meniu ir tinklalapiai (AEA klasifikacija) 3. Modifikuota Helsinkio ekonominës informacijos klasifikacinës paieðkos internete (WebEC) sistema 4. Populiariø finansiniø puslapiø klasifikacijø meniu 4.1. CNN 4.2. Yahoo Finance 4.3. Lexis-Nexis 4.4. Lithuania-on-Line 4.5. EBPO 4.6. STANDARD & POORS 4.7. FRS 4.8. ECB 5. Mokslo ir technologijø tyrimø ir patentø DB abëcëlinë rodyklë 6. Vertybiniø popieriø rinkø informacinë suvestinë 6.1. Eurex iðvestiniø indeksø ateities sandoriø kodai ir terminai 6.2. Pasaulio birþos ir jø federacijos kolektyviniai nariai

ÁVADAS

Pateikiamø 1–3 priedø paskirtis – palyginti skirtingas, labiausiai pripaþintas ir intelektiniu poþiûriu geriausias klasifikaciniø deskriptoriø sistemas, naudojamas ekonomikos, finansø ir kitose mokslo ir verslo tyrimø, internetinës paieðkos, bibliotekø informacinëse sistemose bei srityse. Akivaizdþiai matyti tam tikri struktûrizavimo elementø ir kriterijø sutapimai ir ðiø skirtingø srièiø koncepcijø tikslø skirtumai. Kaip matyti ið 1 priede pateikiamos vyraujanèios JEL deskriptoriø sistemos, ji, kaip ir kitos ekonomikos, vadybos ir finansø publikacijø ir tyrimø klasifikacinës sistemos, sudarytos sparèiai besiplëtojanèiø faktiniø internetiniø paieðkø apibendrinimø bei jø subordinacijø pagrindu, gerokai prapleèia ir pagilina anksèiau daugiau nei pusæ amþiaus pasaulyje itin plaèiai taikytà deðimtainæ klasifikacijà, tematikos subordinavimà ir struktûrinæ detalizacijà. Klasifikaciniai poskyriai grupuojami pagal anglø kalbos abëcëlæ (iðskiriama 19 ekonomikos tyrimø srièiø, ið jø 1 – bendrieji klausimai ir ðvietimas ir 1 – kitos specialios sritys; smulkesnë klasifikacija – pagal ðimtainæ indeksavimo sistemà). JEL sistema ðiuo metu yra viena plaèiausiai naudojamø moksliniø ekonomikos ir finansø srièiø deskriptoriø sistemø. Amerikos ekonomistø asociacijos portalas integruoja JEL ir kitus – institucinius, analitinius, statistinius, progaminës aplinkos – ekonomistø informacinius iðteklius

337 pasauliniame tinkle. Vienas þinomiausiø ðios (AEA) DB paieðkos sistemos rengëjø – Billas Goffe’as. JEL klasifikacijà naudoja ir daugelis kitø ekonominës informacijos paieðkà organizuojanèiø svetainiø, pvz.: http://adma.finasto.uni-bonn.de/journal/JEL.html; [email protected] ir kt. Deskriptoriø ypatumø, sutapimø ir skirtumø lyginamoji analizë yra svarbi formali prielaida bei priemonë apmàstyti ekonomikos perspektyvinës plëtros kryptis ir galimybes atsiþvelgiant á globalizacijos bei intelektiniø iðtekliø specialiøjø tyrimø didëjanèià svarbà, naujø ekonominio vertinimo metodø bei teorijø sukûrimo bûtinybæ. 2 priede pateikiama WebEC – Helsinkio universiteto Socialiniø mokslø fakulteto ir Helsinkio ekonomikos mokyklos Inovatyvaus ðvietimo centro virtualios ekonomikos skaityklos paieðkos taksonominë sistema, orientuota daugiausia á ðakines bei problemines tyrimø sritis, tvarkoma Lauri Saarineno. Ji ir kai kurios kitos ðiame priede pateikiamos klasifikacinës sistemos remiasi modifikuota JEL ekonomikos bei vadybos srièiø grupavimo patirtimi, tinkamiau orientuota á internetinio verslo tikslus. Dauguma pasaulio internetiniø klasifikaciniø sistemø ir jø deskriptoriø yra anglø kalba, ja vyksta ir pagrindinës svetainiø bei DB profesinës paieðkos, todël èia jos nëra iðverstos. Iðversta tik sutrumpinta ekonomikos klasifikacinë sistema 1 priedo pradþioje, kurios sàvokomis ir kriterijais daþnai remiasi ir kitos lyginamos klasifikacinës sistemos.

Be to, gretinami specializuotos FINWeb – finansø ekonomikos svetainës – meniu (tvarko Jamesas R. Garvenas). 4 priede apþvelgiamos tarp internautø populiarios informaciniø technologijø korporacijos CNN, Yahoo Finance, Lexis-Nexis, Lithuania-on Line ir EBPO informaciniø paieðkø klasifikacijos bei finansiniø paslaugø svetainiø ir DB meniu. Ðie klasifikaciniai deskriptoriai greta finansiniø srièiø apima nemaþai naudingø ekonominiø srièiø paieðkos skirtukø. Yahoo Finance bûdingas grupavimas, matyt, orientuotas á lanksèià faktiniø paieðkø apibendrinimo sistemà, t. y. nëra aprioriðkai fiksuota jokia grieþtai klasifikuota kriterijø sistema, pirmiausia vadovaujamasi paieðkø kriterijø taikymo daþnumu. Lexis-Nexis portalas – bene geriausiai iðplëtotas teisës ir ekonomikos (t. p. verslo, komercijos, finansø, vadybos) tinklalapiø sàvadas ir internetinës paieðkos sistema, orientuota daugiausia á akademinius ir taikomuosius tikslus. LoL – vidutinio dydþio naudingø tarptautiniø verslo, uþimtumo, rinkø bei prekybos ir intelektiniø iðtekliø svetainiø adresø direktorija, kurioje, deja, panaðiø krypèiø Lietuvos adresai ignoruojami. 5 priedas skirtas mokslo bei technologijø tyrimø ir patentø DB rodyklei (priedas prie II dalies 4 skyriaus), 6 priede teikiama informacija apie pasaulio birþas ir jø federacijas (áskaitant jø informacines svetaines), eurex iðvestiniø indeksø ateities sandoriø informacinë suvestinë (pavyzdys – prie I dalies 2–3 skyriø).

338 1. EKONOMINËS KLASIFIKACIJOS SUBJEKTØ DESKRIPTORIAI (JEL)

http://www.aeaweb.org/journal/jel_class_system.html

A General Economics and Teaching B Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology C Mathematical and Quantitative Methods D Microeconomics E Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics F International Economics G Financial Economics H Public Economics I Health, Education, and Welfare J Labor and Demographic Economics K Law and Economics L Industrial Organization M Business Administration and Business Economics • Marketing • Accounting N Economic History O Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth P Economic Systems Q Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics R Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics Z Other Special Topics

A100 General Economics: General A110 Role of Economics; Role of Economists A120 Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines A130 Relation of Economics to Social Values A140 Sociology of Economics (citation analyses; departmental rankings; etc.) A190 General Economics: Other A200 Economics Education and Teaching of Economics: General A210 Economics Education and Teaching of Economics: Precollege A220 Economics Education and Teaching of Economics: Undergraduate A230 Economics Education and Teaching of Economics: Graduate A290 Economics Education and Teaching of Economics: Other A300 Multisubject Collective Works: General A310 Multisubject Collected Writings of Individuals A320 Multisubject Volumes A390 Multisubject Collective Works: Other

339 B000 Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology: General B100 History of Economic Thought through 1925: General B110 History of Economic Thought: Preclassical (Ancient, Medieval, Mercantilist, Physiocratic) B120 History of Economic Thought: Classical (includes Adam Smith) B130 History of Economic Thought: Neoclassical through 1925 (includes Austrian, Marshallian, Walrasian) B140 History of Economic Thought through 1925: Socialist; Marxist B150 History of Economic Thought through 1925: Historical; Institutional B160 History of Economic Thought: Quantitative B190 History of Economic Thought through 1925: Other B200 History of Economic Thought since 1925: General B210 History of Economic Thought: Microeconomics B220 History of Economic Thought: Macroeconomics B230 History of Economic Thought: Econometrics; Quantitative Studies B240 History of Economic Thought since 1925: Socialist; Marxist B250 History of Economic Thought since 1925: Historical; Institutional; Evolutionary; Austrian B290 History of Economic Thought since 1925: Other B300 History of Thought: Individuals: General B310 History of Thought: Individuals B400 Economic Methodology: General B410 Economic Methodology B490 Economic Methodology: Other B500 Current Heterodox Approaches: General B510 Current Heterodox Approaches: Socialist; Marxian; Sraffian B520 Current Heterodox Approaches: Institutional; Evolutionary B530 Current Heterodox Approaches: Austrian B590 Current Heterodox Approaches: Other C000 Mathematical and Quantitative Methods: General C100 Econometric and Statistical Methods: General C110 Bayesian Analysis C120 Hypothesis Testing C130 Estimation C140 Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods C150 Statistical Simulation Methods; Monte Carlo Methods; Bootstrap Methods C160 Econometric and Statistical Methods: Specific Distributions C190 Econometric and Statistical Methods: Other C200 Econometric Methods: Single Equation Models; Single Variables: General C210 Econometric Methods: Single Equation Models; Single Variables: CrossSectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models C220 Econometric Methods: Single Equation Models; Single Variables: TimeSeries Models

340 C230 Econometric Methods: Single Equation Models; Single Variables: Models with Panel Data C240 Econometric Methods: Single Equation Models; Single Variables: Truncated and Censored Models C250 Econometric Methods: Single Equation Models; Single Variables: Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models C290 Econometric Methods: Single Equation Models; Single Variables: Other C300 Econometric Methods: Multiple/Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables: General C310 Econometric Methods: Multiple/Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables: CrossSectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models C320 Econometric Methods: Multiple/Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables: TimeSeries Models C330 Econometric Methods: Multiple/Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables: Models with Panel Data C340 Econometric Methods: Multiple/Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables: Truncated and Censored Models C350 Econometric Methods: Multiple/Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables: Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models C390 Econometric Methods: Multiple/Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables: Other C400 Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics: General C410 Duration Analysis C420 Survey Methods C430 Index Numbers and Aggregation; leading indicators C440 Statistical Decision Theory; Operations Research C450 Neural Networks and Related Topics C490 Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics: Other C500 Econometric Modeling: General C510 Model Construction and Estimation C520 Model Evaluation and Testing C530 Forecasting and Other Model Applications C590 Econometric Modeling: Other C600 Mathematical Methods and Programming: General C610 Optimization Techniques; Programming Models; Dynamic Analysis C620 Existence and Stability Conditions of Equilibrium C630 Computational Techniques C650 Miscellaneous Mathematical Tools C670 InputOutput Models C680 Computable General Equilibrium Models C690 Mathematical Methods and Programming: Other C700 Game Theory and Bargaining Theory: General C710 Cooperative Games C720 Noncooperative Games

341 C730 Stochastic and Dynamic Games; Evolutionary Games C780 Bargaining Theory; Matching Theory C790 Game Theory and Bargaining Theory: Other C800 Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs: General C810 Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Microeconomic Data C820 Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Macroeconomic Data C870 Econometric Software C880 Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs: Other Computer Software C890 Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs: Other C900 Design of Experiments: General C910 Design of Experiments: Laboratory, Individual C920 Design of Experiments: Laboratory, Group Behavior C930 Field Experiments C990 Design of Experiments: Other D000 Microeconomics: General D010 Microeconomic Behavior: Underlying Principles D020 Institutions: Design, Formation, and Operations D100 Household Behavior: General D110 Consumer Economics: Theory D120 Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis D130 Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation D140 Personal Finance D180 Consumer Protection D190 Household Behavior and Family Economics: Other D200 Production and Organizations: General D210 Firm Behavior D230 Organizational Behavior; Transaction Costs; Property Rights D240 Production; Capital and Total Factor Productivity; Capacity D290 Production and Organizations: Other D300 Distribution: General D310 Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions D330 Factor Income Distribution D390 Distribution: Other D400 Market Structure and Pricing: General D410 Market Structure and Pricing: Perfect Competition D420 Market Structure and Pricing: Monopoly D430 Market Structure and Pricing: Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection D440 Auctions D450 Rationing; Licensing D460 Value Theory D490 Market Structure and Pricing: Other D500 General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium: General D510 Exchange and Production Economies

342 D520 Incomplete Markets D570 General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium: InputOutput Tables and Analysis D580 Computable and Other Applied General Equilibrium Models D590 General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium: Other D600 Welfare Economics: General D610 Allocative Efficiency; CostBenefit Analysis (contingent valuation) D620 Externalities D630 Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement D640 Altruism D690 Welfare Economics: Other D700 Analysis of Collective DecisionMaking: General D710 Social Choice; Clubs; Committees; Associations D720 Economic Models of Political Processes: Rentseeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior D730 Bureaucracy; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations; Corruption D740 Conflict; Conflict Resolution; Alliances D780 Positive Analysis of PolicyMaking and Implementation D790 Analysis of Collective DecisionMaking: Other D800 Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty: General D810 Criteria for DecisionMaking under Risk and Uncertainty D820 Asymmetric and Private Information D830 Search; Learning; Information and Knowledge D840 Expectations; Speculations D850 Network Formation D860 Economics of Contract Law D890 Information and Uncertainty: Other D900 Intertemporal Choice and Growth: General D910 Intertemporal Consumer Choice; Life Cycle Models and Saving D920 Intertemporal Firm Choice and Growth, Investment, or Financing D990 Intertemporal Choice and Growth: Other E000 Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics: General E010 Measurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth E100 General Aggregative Models: General (includes measurement and data on national accounts and wealth) E110 General Aggregative Models: Marxian; Sraffian; Institutional; Evolutionary E120 General Aggregative Models: Keynes; Keynesian; PostKeynesian E130 General Aggregative Models: Neoclassical (New Classical) E170 General Aggregative Models: Forecasting and Simulation E190 General Aggregative Models: Other E200 Macroeconomics: Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment: General (includes measurement and data) E210 Macroeconomics: Consumption; Saving E220 Macroeconomics: Capital; Investment (including Inventories); Capacity E230 Macroeconomics: Production

343 E240 Macroeconomics: Employment; Unemployment; Wages; wage indexation E250 Aggregate Factor Income Distribution E260 Informal Economy; Underground Economy E270 Macroeconomics: Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment: Forecasting and Simulation E290 Macroeconomics: Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment and Investment: Other E300 Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles: General (includes measurement and data) E310 Price Level; Inflation; Deflation E320 Business Fluctuations; Cycles E370 Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles: Forecasting and Simulation E390 Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles: Other E400 Money and Interest Rates: General (includes measurement and data) E410 Demand for Money E420 Monetary Systems; Standards; Regimes; Government and the Monetary System E430 Determination of Interest Rates; Term Structure of Interest Rates E440 Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy E470 Money and Interest Rates: Forecasting and Simulation E490 Money and Interest Rates: Other E500 Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General (flow of funds) E510 Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers E520 Monetary Policy (Targets, Instruments, and Effects) E580 Central Banks and Their Policies (organization, case studies, lender of last resort issues) E590 Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: Other E600 Macroeconomic Policy Formation; Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance; Macroeconomic Policy; General Outlook: General E610 Policy Objectives; Policy Designs and Consistency; Policy Coordination E620 Macroeconomic Aspects of Fiscal Policy; Public Expenditures, Investment, and Finance; Taxation E630 Comparative or Joint Analysis of Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Stabilization Policy E640 Incomes Policy; Price Policy E650 Studies of Particular Policy Episodes E660 General Outlook and Conditions E690 Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, Macroeconomic Policy, and General Outlook: Other F000 International Economics: General F010 Global Outlook F020 International Economic Order; Noneconomic International Organizations; Economic Integration and Globalization: General F100 Trade: General F110 Neoclassical Models of Trade

344 F120 Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies F130 Commercial Policy; Protection; Promotion; Trade Negotiations; International Trade Organizations F140 Country and Industry Studies of Trade F150 Economic Integration F160 Trade and Labor Market Interactions F170 Trade: Forecasting and Simulation F180 Trade and Environment F190 Trade: Other F200 International Factor Movements and International Business: General F210 International Investment; Longterm Capital Movements F220 International Migration F230 Multinational Firms; International Business (International Competitiveness) F290 International Factor Movements: Other F300 International Finance: General F310 Foreign Exchange (Exchange Rates; Intervention; Foreign Exchange Reserves; Currency Crises) F320 Current Account Adjustment; Shortterm Capital Movements (Adjustment Programs) F330 International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions F340 International Lending and Debt Problems F350 Foreign Aid F360 Financial Aspects of Economic Integration F370 International Finance Forecasting and Simulation F390 International Finance: Other F400 Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance: General F410 Open Economy Macroeconomics F420 International Policy Coordination and Transmission F430 Economic Growth of Open Economies F470 Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance: Forecasting and Simulation F490 Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance: Other G000 Financial Economics: General G100 General Financial Markets: General (includes measurement and data) G110 Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions G120 Asset Pricing G130 Contingent Pricing; Futures Pricing; option pricing G140 Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies G150 International Financial Markets G180 General Financial Markets: Government Policy and Regulation G190 General Financial Markets: Other G200 Financial Institutions and Services: General G210 Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Mortgages G220 Insurance; Insurance Companies G230 Pension Funds; Other Private Financial Institutions; Institutional Investors

345 G240 Investment Banking; Venture Capital;Brokerage G280 Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation G290 Financial Institutions and Services: Other G300 Corporate Finance and Governance: General G310 Capital Budgeting; Investment Policy; cost of capital G320 Financing Policy; Capital and Ownership Structure; financial ratios; value of firm G330 Bankruptcy; Liquidation G340 Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Voting; Proxy Contests; Corporate Governance G350 Payout Policy G380 Corporate Finance and Governance: Government Policy and Regulation G390 Corporate Finance and Governance: Other H000 Public Economics: General H100 Structure and Scope of Government: General H110 Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government H190 Structure and Scope of Government: Other H200 Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General H210 Taxation and Subsidies: Efficiency; Optimal Taxation H220 Taxation and Subsidies: Incidence H230 Taxation and Subsidies: Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies H240 Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies; includes inheritance and gift taxes H250 Business Taxes and Subsidies including sales and valueadded (VAT) H260 Tax Evasion (Compliance, Collection) H270 Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenues: Other Sources of Revenue (Lottery) H290 Taxation and Subsidies: Other H300 Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: General H310 Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: Household (effects on labor supply) H320 Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: Firm H390 Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: Other H400 Publicly Provided Goods: General H410 Public Goods H420 Publicly Provided Private Goods H430 Project Evaluation; Social Discount Rate H490 Publicly Provided Goods: Other H500 National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General H510 National Government Expenditures and Health H520 National Government Expenditures and Education H530 National Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs H540 National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Infrastructures; Other Public Investment and Capital Stock H550 Social Security and Public Pensions

346 H560 National Security and War H570 National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Procurement H590 National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Other H600 National Budget, Deficit, and Debt: General H610 National Budget; Budget Systems H620 National Deficit; Surplus H630 National Debt; Debt Management H690 National Budget, Deficit, and Debt: Other H700 State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations: General H710 State and Local Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue H720 State and Local Budget and Expenditures H730 State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations: Interjurisdictional Differentials and Their Effects H740 State and Local Borrowing H770 Intergovernmental Relations; Federalism H790 State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations: Other H800 Public Economics: Miscellaneous Issues: General H810 Governmental Loans, Loan Guarantees, and Credits H820 Governmental Property H830 Public Administration H870 International Fiscal Issues; International Public Goods H890 Public Economics: Miscellaneous Issues: Other I000 Health, Education, and Welfare: General I100 Health: General I110 Analysis of Health Care Markets I120 Health Production: Nutrition, Mortality, Morbidity, Substance Abuse and Addiction, Disability, and Economic Behavior I180 Health: Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health I190 Health: Other I200 Education: General I210 Analysis of Education I220 Educational Finance I230 Higher Education Research Institutions I280 Education: Government Policy I290 Education: Other I300 Welfare and Poverty: General I310 General Welfare; Basic Needs; Living Standards; Quality of Life; Happiness I320 Measurement and Analysis of Poverty I380 Welfare and Poverty: Government Programs; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs I390 Welfare and Poverty: Other J000 Labor and Demographic Economics: General J100 Demographic Economics: General J110 Demographic Trends and Forecasts; General Migration

347 J120 Marriage; Marital Dissolution; Family Structure J130 Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth J140 Economics of the Elderly; Economics of the Handicapped J150 Economics of Minorities and Races; Nonlabor Discrimination J160 Economics of Gender; Nonlabor Discrimination J170 Value of Life; Foregone Income J180 Demographic Economics: Public Policy J190 Demographic Economics: Other J200 Time Allocation; Work Behavior; Employment Determination and Creation; Human Capital J210 Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure (by industry, occupation, demographic characteristics, etc.) J220 Time Allocation and Labor Supply (hours of work, parttime employment, temporary workers, work sharing, absenteeism, quits, worklife balance) J230 Employment Determination; Job Creation; Demand for Labor; SelfEmployment J240 Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity (Formal Training Programs; OntheJob Training) J260 Retirement; Retirement Policies J280 Safety; Accidents; Industrial Health; Job Satisfaction; Related Public Policy (workmen’s compensation) J290 Time Allocation, Work Behavior, and Employment Determination: Other J300 Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General J310 Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials by Skill, Training, Occupation, etc. (industry, schooling, experience, tenure, cohort, etc.) J320 Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits; Private Pensions (fringe benefits, cost of social security, costs of hiring and firing, family support programs) J330 Compensation Packages; Payment Methods (piece rates, time rates, bonuses, profitsharing) J380 Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: Public Policy (wage subsidies, minimum wage legislation) J390 Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: Other J400 Particular Labor Markets: General J410 Contracts: Specific Human Capital, Matching Models, Efficiency Wage Models, and Internal Labor Markets (other contracts) J420 Monopsony; Segmented Labor Markets J430 Agricultural Labor Markets J440 Professional Labor Markets and Occupations J450 Public Sector Labor Markets J480 Particular Labor Markets: Public Policy J490 Particular Labor Markets: Other J500 LaborManagement Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining: General J510 Trade Unions: Objectives, Structure, and Effects J520 Dispute Resolution: Strikes, Arbitration, and Mediation; Collective Bargaining J530 LaborManagement Relations; Industrial Jurisprudence

348 J540 Producer Cooperatives; Labor Managed Firms J580 LaborManagement Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining: Public Policy J590 LaborManagement Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining: Other J600 Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies: General J610 Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers J620 Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility; Promotion J630 Labor Turnover; Vacancies; Layoffs (includes separations, hires, redundancy, job tenure, displaced workers) J640 Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search J650 Unemployment Insurance; Severance Pay; Plant Closings J680 Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies: Public Policy (Employment Services) J690 Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies: Other J700 Labor Discrimination: General J710 Labor Discrimination (hiring and firing) J780 Labor Discrimination: Public Policy (including comparable worth) J790 Labor Discrimination: Other J800 Labor Standards: National and International: General J810 Labor Standards: National and International: Working Conditions (safety, hours) J820 Labor Standards: National and International: Labor Force Composition (child labor, prison labor, bonded labor, immigrant labor, migrant workers, racial and gender discrimination) J830 Labor Standards: National and International: Workers’ Rights J880 Labor Standards: National and International: Public Policy J890 Labor Standards: National and International: Other K000 Law and Economics: General K100 Basic Areas of Law: General (constitutional law) K110 Property Law K120 Contract Law K130 Tort Law and Product Liability K140 Criminal Law K190 Basic Areas of Law: Other K200 Regulation and Business Law: General K210 Antitrust Law K220 Corporation and Securities Law K230 Regulated Industries and Administrative Law K290 Regulation and Business Law: Other K300 Other Substantive Areas of Law: General K310 Labor Law K320 Environmental, Health, and Safety Law K330 International Law K340 Tax Law K350 Personal Bankruptcy Law K390 Other Substantive Areas of Law: Other

349 K400 Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior: General K410 Litigation Process K420 Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law K490 Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior: Other L000 Industrial Organization: General L100 Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance: General L110 Production, Pricing, and Market Structure; Size Distribution of Firms (Concentration, Product Differentiation, Entry and Exit) L120 Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance: Monopoly; Monopolization Strategies (cartels; collusion) L130 Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance: Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets; monopolistic competition; contestable markets L140 Transactional Relationships; Contracts and Reputation; Networks L150 Information and Product Quality; Standardization and Compatibility L160 Industrial Organization and Macroeconomic Industrial Structure; Industrial Price Indices L190 Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance: Other L200 Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior: General L210 Business Objectives of the Firm L220 Firm Organization and Market Structure: Markets vs. Hierarchies; Vertical Integration; Conglomerates L230 Organization of Production L240 Contracting Out; Joint Ventures L250 Firm Performance: Size, Age, Profit, and Sales L290 Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior: Other L300 Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise: General L310 Nonprofit Institutions; NGOs (foundations, etc.) L320 Public Enterprises L330 Comparison of Public and Private Enterprises; Privatization; Contracting Out L390 Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise: Other L400 Antitrust Issues and Policies: General L410 Monopolization; Horizontal Anticompetitive Practices L420 Vertical Restraints; Resale Price Maintenance; Quantity Discounts L430 Legal Monopolies and Regulation or Deregulation L440 Antitrust Policy and Public Enterprise, Nonprofit Institutions, and Professional Organizations L490 Antitrust Policy: Other L500 Regulation and Industrial Policy: General L510 Economics of Regulation L520 Industrial Policy; Sectoral Planning Methods L530 Government Promotion of Firms L590 Regulation and Industrial Policy: Other L600 Industry Studies: Manufacturing: General L610 Metals and Metal Products; Cement; Glass; Ceramics

350 L620 Automobiles; Other Transportation Equipment L630 Microelectronics; Computers; Communications Equipment L640 Other Machinery; Business Equipment; Armaments L650 Chemicals; Rubber; Drugs; Biotechnology L660 Food; Beverages; Cosmetics; Tobacco L670 Other Consumer Nondurables: Clothing, Textiles, Shoes, and Leather L680 Appliances; Other Consumer Durables L690 Industry Studies: Manufacturing: Other L700 Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction: General L710 Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels L720 Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Other Nonrenewable Resources L730 Forest Products: Lumber and Paper L740 Construction L780 Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction: Government Policy L790 Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction: Other L800 Industry Studies: Services: General L810 Retail and Wholesale Trade; Warehousing; eCommerce L820 Entertainment; Media (performing arts, visual arts broadcasting, publishing, etc.) L830 Sports; Gambling; Recreation; Tourism L840 Personal, Professional, and Business Services (Lawyers, Accountants, Barbers, Beauticians, Consultants, Opticians, etc.) L850 Real Estate Services L860 Information and Internet Services; Computer Software L870 Postal and Delivery Services L880 Industry Studies: Services: Government Policy L890 Industry Studies: Services: Other L900 Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities: General L910 Transportation: General L920 Railroads and Other Surface Transportation: Autos, Buses, Trucks, and Water Carriers; Ports (trains, boats, ships, ocean liners, etc.) L930 Air Transportation (airlines) L940 Electric Utilities (power plants) L950 Gas Utilities; Pipelines; Water Utilities L960 Telecommunications L970 Utilities: General L980 Industry Studies: Utilities and Transportation: Government Policy L990 Industry Studies: Utilities and Transportation: Other M000 Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting: General M100 Business Administration: General M110 Production Management M120 Personnel Management; executive compensation M130 Entrepreneurship (New Firms; Startups) M140 Corporate Culture; Social Responsibility

351 M190 Business Administration: Other M200 Business Economics: General M210 Business Economics M290 Business Economics: Other M300 Marketing and Advertising: General M310 Marketing M370 Advertising M390 Marketing and Advertising: Other M400 Accounting and Auditing: General M410 Accounting M420 Auditing M490 Accounting: Other M500 Personnel Economics: General M510 Personnel Economics: Firm Employment Decisions; Promotions (hiring, firing, turnover, parttime, temporary workers, seniority issues) M520 Personnel Economics: Compensation and Compensation Methods and Their Effects (stock options, fringe benefits, incentives, family support programs, seniority issues) M530 Personnel Economics: Training M540 Personnel Economics: Labor Management (team formation, worker empowerment, job design, tasks and authority, job satisfaction) M550 Personnel Economics: Labor Contracting: Outsourcing; Franchising: Other M590 Personnel Economics: Other N000 Economic History: General N010 Development of the Discipline: Historiographical; Sources and Methods N100 Economic History: Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Growth and Fluctuations: General, International, or Comparative N110 Economic History: Macroeconomics; Growth and Fluctuations: U.S.; Canada: Pre1913 N120 Economic History: Macroeconomics; Growth and Fluctuations: U.S.; Canada: 1913 N130 Economic History: Macroeconomics; Growth and Fluctuations: Europe: Pre1913 N140 Economic History: Macroeconomics; Growth and Fluctuations: Europe: 1913 N150 Economic History: Macroeconomics; Growth and Fluctuations: Asia including Middle East N160 Economic History: Macroeconomics; Growth and Fluctuations: Latin America; Caribbean N170 Economic History: Macroeconomics; Growth and Fluctuations: Africa; Oceania N200 Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: General, International, or Comparative (exchange rates; debt) N210 Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: U.S.; Canada: Pre1913 N220 Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: U.S.; Canada: 1913 N230 Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: Europe: Pre1913 N240 Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: Europe: 1913 N250 Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: Asia including Middle East

352 N260 Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: Latin America; Caribbean N270 Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: Africa; Oceania N300 Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Income and Wealth: General, International, or Comparative (Migration) N310 Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Income and Wealth: U.S.; Canada: Pre1913 N320 Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Income and Wealth: U.S.; Canada: 1913 N330 Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Income and Wealth: Europe: Pre1913 N340 Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Income and Wealth: Europe: 1913 N350 Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Income and Wealth: Asia including Middle East N360 Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Income and Wealth: Latin America; Caribbean N370 Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Income and Wealth: Africa; Oceania N400 Economic History: Government, War, Law, and Regulation: General, International, or Comparative N410 Economic History: Government, War, Law, and Regulation: U.S.; Canada: Pre1913 N420 Economic History: Government, War, Law, and Regulation: U.S.; Canada: 1913 N430 Economic History: Government, War, Law, and Regulation: Europe: Pre1913 N440 Economic History: Government, War, Law, and Regulation: Europe: 1913 N450 Economic History: Government, War, Law, and Regulation: Asia including Middle East N460 Economic History: Government, War, Law, and Regulation: Latin America; Caribbean N470 Economic History: Government, War, Law, and Regulation: Africa; Oceania N500 Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: General, International, or Comparative N510 Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: U.S.; Canada: Pre1913 N520 Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: U.S.; Canada: 1913 N530 Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: Europe: Pre1913 N540 Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: Europe: 1913 N550 Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: Asia including Middle East N560 Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: Latin America; Caribbean N570 Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive

353 Industries: Africa; Oceania N600 Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction (includes Housing): General, International, or Comparative (multinational firms) N610 Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction (includes Housing): U.S.; Canada: Pre1913 N620 Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction (includes Housing): U.S.; Canada: 1913 N630 Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction (includes Housing): Europe: Pre1913 N640 Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction (includes Housing): Europe: 1913 N650 Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction (includes Housing): Asia including Middle East N660 Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction (includes Housing): Latin America; Caribbean N670 Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction (includes Housing): Africa; Oceania N700 Economic History: Transport, International and Domestic Trade, Energy, Technollogy, and Other Services (includes Health Services): General, International, or Comparative N710 Economic History: Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services (includes Health Services): U.S.; Canada: Pre1913 N720 Economic History: Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services (includes Health Services): U.S.; Canada: 1913 N730 Economic History: Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services (includes Health Services): Europe: Pre1913 N740 Economic History: Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services (includes Health Services): Europe: 1913 N750 Economic History: Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services (includes Health Services): Asia including Middle East N760 Economic History: Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services (include Health Services): Latin America; Caribbean N770 Economic History: Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services (includes Health Services): Africa; Oceania N800 MicroBusiness History: General, International, or Comparative N810 MicroBusiness History: U.S.; Canada: Pre1913 N820 MicroBusiness History: U.S.; Canada: 1913 N830 MicroBusiness History: Europe: Pre1913 N840 MicroBusiness History: Europe: 1913 N850 MicroBusiness History: Asia including Middle East N860 MicroBusiness History: Latin America; Caribbean N870 MicroBusiness History: Africa; Oceania N900 Regional and Urban History: General N910 Regional and Urban History: U.S.; Canada: Pre1913

354 N920 Regional and Urban History: U.S.; Canada: 1913 N930 Regional and Urban History: Europe: Pre1913 N940 Regional and Urban History: Europe: 1913 N950 Regional and Urban History: Asia including Middle East N960 Regional and Urban History: Latin America; Caribbean N970 Regional and Urban History: Africa; Oceania O100 Economic Development: General O110 Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development (includes macro models and analyses of patterns and determinants of development) O120 Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development (includes macro models) O130 Economic Development: Agriculture; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Other Primary Products O140 Industrialization; Manufacturing and Service Industries; Choice of Technology O150 Economic Development: Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration (nutrition, health, education, fertility, household structure and formation, labor markets) O160 Economic Development: Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment (Financial Intermediation) O170 Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements: Legal, Social, Economic, and Political O180 Economic Development: Regional, Urban, and Rural Analyses O190 International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations (includes international assistance programs, trade and financial flows; IMF conditionality) O200 Development Planning and Policy: General O210 Planning Models; Planning Policy (includes inputoutput models and computable general equilibrium models) O220 Project Analysis O230 Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Development O240 Development Planning and Policy: Trade Policy; Factor Movement; Foreign Exchange Policy O290 Development Planning and Policy: Other O300 Technological Change; Research and Development: General O310 Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives O320 Management of Technological Innovation and R&D O330 Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes (includes impact on production, welfare, income distribution, international competitiveness, military power, measurement, and case studies; international transfer of technology) O340 Intellectual Property Rights: National and International Issues (patents, copyrights) O380 Technological Change: Government Policy O390 Technological Change: Other O400 Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity: General (includes data sources) O410 One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models

355 O420 Monetary Growth Models O470 Measurement of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity O490 Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity: Other O500 Economywide Country Studies: General O510 Economywide Country Studies: U.S.; Canada O520 Economywide Country Studies: Europe O530 Economywide Country Studies: Asia including Middle East O540 Economywide Country Studies: Latin America; Caribbean O550 Economywide Country Studies: Africa O560 Economywide Country Studies: Oceania O570 Comparative Studies of Countries P000 Economic Systems: General P100 Capitalist Systems: General P110 Capitalist Systems: Planning, Coordination, and Reform P120 Capitalist Enterprises P130 Cooperative Enterprises P140 Capitalist Systems: Property Rights P160 Capitalist Systems: Political Economy P170 Capitalist Systems: Performance and Prospects P190 Capitalist Systems: Other P200 Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: General P210 Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Planning, Coordination, and Reform P220 Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Prices P230 Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Factor and Product Markets; Industry Studies; Population (Labor; Capital) P240 Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: National Income, Product, and Expenditure; Money; Inflation P250 Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics; Housing; Transportation P260 Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Political Economy; Property Rights P270 Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Performance and Prospects (includes Spatial) P280 Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Natural Resources; Energy; Environment P290 Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Other P300 Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: General P310 Socialist Enterprises and Their Transitions P320 Collectives; Communes; Agriculture P330 Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: International Trade, Finance, Investment, and Aid P340 Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: Financial Economics P350 Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: Public Economics P360 Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: Consumer Economics; Health, Education, Welfare, and Poverty

356 P370 Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Legal Institutions; Illegal Behavior P390 Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: Other P400 Other Economic Systems: General P410 Other Economic Systems: Planning, Coordination, and Reform P420 Other Economic Systems: Productive Enterprises; Factor and Product Markets; Prices; Population P430 Other Economic Systems: Public Economics; Financial Economics P440 Other Economic Systems: National Income, Product, and Expenditure; Money; Inflation P450 Other Economic Systems: International Trade, Finance, Investment and Aid P460 Other Economic Systems: Consumer Economics; Welfare and Poverty P470 Other Economic Systems: Performance and Prospects (includes Spatial) P480 Other Economic Systems: Political Economy; Legal Institutions; Property Rights P490 Other Economic Systems: Other P500 Comparative Economic Systems: General P510 Comparative Analysis of Economic Systems P520 Comparative Studies of Particular Economies P590 Comparative Economic Systems: Other Q000 Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics: General Q010 Sustainable Development Q100 Agriculture: General Q110 Agriculture: Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis; Prices Q120 Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets Q130 Agricultural Markets and Marketing; Cooperatives; Agribusiness Q140 Agricultural Finance Q150 Land Ownership and Tenure; Land Reform; Land Use; Irrigation Q160 Agricultural R&D; Agricultural Technology; Agricultural Extension Services Q170 Agriculture in International Trade Q180 Agricultural Policy; Food Policy Q190 Agriculture: Other Q200 Renewable Resources and Conservation: General Q210 Renewable Resources and Conservation: Demand and Supply (the Commons) Q220 Renewable Resources and Conservation: Fishery; Aquaculture Q230 Renewable Resources and Conservation: Forestry Q240 Renewable Resources and Conservation: Land Q250 Renewable Resources and Conservation: Water Q260 Recreational Aspects of Natural Resources Q280 Renewable Resources and Conservation: Government Policy Q290 Renewable Resources and Conservation: Other Q300 Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation: General Q310 Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation: Demand and Supply Q320 Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development Q330 Resource Booms (Dutch disease)

357 Q340 Natural Resources and Domestic and International Conflicts Q380 Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation: Government Policy (includes OPEC policy) Q390 Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation: Other Q400 Energy: General Q410 Energy: Demand and Supply Q420 Alternative Energy Sources Q430 Energy and the Macroeconomy Q480 Energy: Government Policy Q490 Energy: Other Q500 Environmental Economics: General Q510 Valuation of Environmental Effects (Recreational Effects; Health Effects; Contingent Valuation) Q520 Pollution Control Costs; Distributional Effects; Employment Effects (Firm Behavior) Q530 Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste; Recycling Q540 Climate; Natural Disasters Q550 Environmental Economics: Technological Innovation Q560 Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental Accounting Q570 Ecological Economics: Ecosystem Services; Biodiversity Conservation; Bioeconomics Q580 Environmental Economics: Government Policy (Environmental Taxes; Tradable Permits; Command and Control; Regulation) R000 Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics: General R100 General Regional Economics (includes Regional Data) R110 Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, and Changes R120 Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity; Interregional Trade (economic geography) R130 General Equilibrium and Welfare Economic Analysis of Regional Economies R140 Land Use Patterns R150 General Regional Economics: Econometric and InputOutput Models; Other Models R190 General Regional Economics: Other R200 Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics: Household Analysis: General R210 Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics: Housing Demand R220 Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics: Other Demand (spatial analysis) R230 Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics: Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population R290 Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics: Household Analysis: Other R300 Production Analysis and Firm Location: General R310 Housing Supply and Markets R320 Other Production and Pricing Analysis (spatial analysis firm location decision; industrial districts) R330 Nonagricultural and Nonresidential Real Estate Markets R340 Production Analysis and Firm Location: Input Demand Analysis (spatial)

358 R380 Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics: Production Analysis and Firm Location: Government Policies; Regulatory Policies (Rent Control) R390 Production Analysis and Firm Location: Other R400 Transportation Systems: General R410 Transportation: Demand, Supply, and Congestion R420 Transportation Systems: Government and Private Investment Analysis R480 Transportation Systems: Government Pricing; Regulatory Policies R490 Transportation Systems: Other R500 Regional Government Analysis: General R510 Finance in Urban and Rural Economies R520 Land Use and Other Regulations R530 Public Facility Location Analysis; Public Investment and Capital Stock R580 Regional Development Policy R590 Regional Government Analysis: Other Z000 Other Special Topics: General Z100 Cultural Economics: General Z110 Cultural Economics: Economics of the Arts and Literature Z120 Cultural Economics: Religion Z130 Cultural Economics: Social Norms and Social Capital; Social Networks Economic Anthropology Z190 Cultural Economics: Other Copyright © 2005 American Economic Association

2. EKONOMISTØ IÐTEKLIØ PASAULINIAME TINKLE MENIU IR TINKLALAPIAI

Amerikos ekonominës asociacijos klasifikacija – American Economists Association

http://www.aeaweb.org; http://rfe.org/index.php

DETALUS MENIU ávadas autorinës teisës Formatai ir demonstravimo susitarimai internetiniai paðnekesiø biuleteniai ir kt. duomenys – U.S. Macro and Regional Data • Federal Reserve Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System broad and detailed financial, monetary data, and central bank information

359 FRB of St. Louis very convenient macro data source with 1000+ key macro series FRB of Atlanta FRB of Boston FRB of Chicago FRB of Cleveland particularly nice macro publications FRB of Dallas FRB of Kansas City FRB of Minneapolis FRB of New York more than the usual amount of material; includes current exchange rates FRB of Philadelphia well known for surveys of macro forecasts FRB of Richmond FRB of San Francisco offers “Fed in Print” database Financial Market Center short and long term criticism of the Fed • EconomicIndicators.com links to data and current numbers • Economic Statistics Briefing Room (ESBR) handful of most important data series with graphs (White House site) • Econ Data & Links current values and links to sites that generate them • Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) National Income and Produce Accounts (GDP, etc.), international and regional data • Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) more than 250,000 long series; unemp. and price series most prominent • Conference Board “Leading Economic Indicators” and nongovt. data • Congressional Budget Office (CBO) current federal spending and revenue; macro forecasts • Federal Budget for the Fiscal Years 1997 to 2005 summary and very detailed federal budget info • Survey of Consumers from the Univ. of Michigan wellknown survey of consumer attitudes • What Was the Exchange Rate Then? historical exchange rates • What Was the GDP Then? GDP estimates starting in 1789 • Center for Capital Flow Analysis data and analysis of the Fed’s Flow of Funds • Council of Economic Advisers (CEA) White Papers on policy • Economic Report of the President: 1995 to the Present President’s policies and a fair number of time series • Economic Reports of the President: 199294 old reports • EconData very extensive data, but requires a downloadable program • Economagic excellent source of macro time series (some 100,000 series available) • EconStats variety of U.S. and international data • Federal Budget: Detailed Numbers retrieve federal budget numbers • FRB of St. Louis very convenient macro data source with 1000+ key macro series • FreeLunch.com more than 100,000 times series • Haver Analytics emphasis on rapid delivery, quality checks, and very wide coverage (feebased)

360 • NationMaster.com compare variety of data across countries • NBER Data Library variety of data types and sources • NBER’s MacroHistorical Database preWW II data from the U.S., U.K., France, and Germany • STATUSA broad and current coverage • County and City Databooks useful extraction engine • EconData.Net links to more than 1,000 regional data sites • Blue Chip Economic Indicators wellknown consensus forecasts • Consensus Economics U.S. and international consensus forecasts • Survey of Professional Forecasters free Philadelphia Fed Survey • Tradesports.com markets in economic releases • Briefing.com Economic Calendar lists release dates and consensus forecasts • Econoday lists release dates of U.S. macro data • Economic Releases and Indicators (NBER) links to current releases – Other U.S. Data • NationMaster.com compare variety of data across countries • NBER Data Library variety of data types and sources • B&E Data Links ASA list of 300 useful data sites • Data on the Net surveys 400 social science sites • FEDSTATS covers 100+ different federal agencies • Federal Web Locator directory for federal government sites • FirstGov federal government search site • Google Uncle Sam subset of wellregarded Google.com search engine • Interuniversity Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR) leading U.S. social science archive • National Archives Center for Electronic Records longterm storage of records • Statistical Resources on the Web (Univ. of Michigan) very wideranging • Census Bureau great wealth of information • CensusScope Variety of Census data in easytouse formats • Integrated Public Use Microdata Sample (IPUMS) consistent U.S. and nonU.S. census data • QueryLogic sophisticated analysis of Census data • SliceAndDiceData.com (Innovative Computing) multidimensional crosstabs • Summary U.S. Census Info at Missouri Census Data Center summary data for cities, towns, and counties (easy to get) • General Social Survey (GSS) annual survey; broad, but some economic questions • Health and Retirement Study (HRS) longitudinal panel of older Americans • Asset and Health Dynamics Among the Oldest Old (AHEAD) auxiliary study of the HRS • National Longitudinal Surveys (NLS) panel data of labor market participants • National Longitudinal Surveys (NLS) Bibliography large bibliography on NLS studies • Panel Study on Income Dynamics (PSID) wellknown longitudinal survey of U.S. residents • Study of American Families, 1994 extends GSS

361 • Center for the Study of Innovation and Productivity (CSIP) productivity data • Department of the Treasury many areas; includes financing the federal debt, international finance, and federal spending • Datazone: EPI’s Labor Market Data labor market data • Energy Information Administration (EIA) energy information • Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) extensive banking data • Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Statistics Medicare, Medicaid and other govt. insurance data • U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC) large number of traderelated resources (includes many links) • Internet Economy Indicators examines the Internet industry • Joint Economic Committee: U.S. Congress policy papers of the majority party in Congress • Joint Economic Committee: U.S. Senate policy papers and such • National Trade Data Bank aid for exporters • National Transportation Statistics data on all aspects of transportation • Office of the U.S. Trade Representative info on trade issues • Small Business Administration Office of Advocacy data on small businesses • Social Security Administration (SSA) extensive data on trust funds, beneficiaries, and studies • Standard Industrial Classifications (SIC) SIC code data • State of the Cities Data Systems (SOCDS) data on local entities in a useful format • Statistical Abstract of the United States leading statistical description of the U.S. • TAXSIM calculate state and federal income taxes • USA Trade Online very detailed U.S. trade data • USDA Agriculture Economic Research Service agricultural data • USDA Economics and Statistics System (Cornell Univ.) agricultural data • NationMaster.com compare variety of data across countries • NBER Data Library variety of data types and sources – World and NonU.S. Data • World Bank World Bank wealth of development info with summary country data Economic Growth Research Finance & Development Living Standards Measurement (LSMS) • Integrated Public Use Microdata Sample (IPUMS) consistent U.S. and nonU.S. census data • NationMaster.com compare variety of data across countries • Blue Chip Economic Indicators wellknown consensus forecasts • Consensus Economics U.S. and international consensus forecasts • Alta Plana International Economics Gateway various international and nonU.S. entities • Econ. Departments, Institutes and Research Centers in the World (EDIRC): Statistical Offices very many listings • Econ. Departments, Institutes and Research Centers in the World (EDIRC): Central Banks and Monetary Authorities very many listings

362 • Social Science Data Archives general listing of social science databases • Statistical Data Locators directory of international stat sites • Data from Developing Countries various types of data from developing countries • Davidson Data Center & Network (DDCN) data from transition and emerging market economies • EcoWin wideranging, very current, international dataset • EconStats variety international data • EIU CountryData — EIU and Bureau van Dijk 271 mostly quarterly series from 116 countries • GlobalMetrix very extensive international and trade data • Groningen Growth and Development Centre (GGDC) Total Economy Database free GDP and other data for many countries for many years • Luxembourg Income Study (LIS) households survey from 25 countries and macro data from OECD countries • OANDA current and historical exchange rates • OECD/EU Database on Environmentally Related Taxes environmental taxes in OECD countries • PACIFIC Exchange Rate Service Retrieval Interface current and historical exchange rates • Penn World Tables (PWT) consistent international data • PRS Online Country Data purchase current and historical data from 144 countries • Development Experience Clearinghouse (DEC) many development reports • CIA World Factbook 2005 wellknown summary data and analysis • CountryReports.org free country reports • CountryWatch.com both free and feebased reports • Economist Country Briefings basic but free country reports • Economist Intelligence Unit perhaps the leader in this area • Globstar CIA World Factbook data • World Markets Research Centre (WMRC) studies for many countries and industries • Corruption Perceptions Index corruption index • Free the World index of economic freedom • Global Corruption Report description of corruption • Index of Economic Freedom Heritage Foundation index of economic freedom • Transparency International corruption data • Asian Development Bank • Bank for International Settlements (BIS) • Eurostat • InterAmerican Development Bank • International Trade Centre UNCTAD/WTO (ITC) • Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) • International Monetary Fund (IMF) • Paris Club • U.N. Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) • U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

363 • U.N. Statistics Division/DESIPA • World Trade Organization (WTO) • IndiaEconomystat.com • Statistics Indonesia • Bank of Japan • Statistics Bureau and Statistics Center (Japan) • NIKKEI Economic Electronic Databank System (NEEDS) • Kokumin Keizai Research Institute • National Statistical Office of Korea • Canadian Economy Online • Canadian Industry Statistics • Statistics Canada • Statistics Canada CANSIM • Austrian and Eastern European Economic Data (WIFO) • Hungarian Central Statistical Office • Research Institute of the Finnish Economy (ETLA) • Statistics Finland • National Institute of Statistical and Economic Studies • Bundesbank • German Federal Statistical Office • Statec • Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis (CPB) • Netherlands Central Bank • Statistics Netherlands • Statistics Sweden • Bank of England • BizEd Net: CSO Data (U.K.) • HM Treasury • Manchester Information & Associated Services (MIMAS) • National Statistics—The Official United Kingdom Statistics Site • Scottish Economic History Database, 1550 1780 • Israel Central Bureau of Statistics • Praedicta: Israeli Economic Data • Central Bank of Turkey • Australian Bureau of Statistics • New Zealand Treasury • Reserve Bank of New Zealand • Global Financial Data historical finance, price, and foreign exchange data • NationMaster.com compare variety of data across countries • Integrated Public Use Microdata Sample (IPUMS) consistent U.S. and nonU.S. census data • QuERIInternational industrial demographic data • Blue Chip Economic Indicators wellknown consensus forecasts • Consensus Economics U.S. and international consensus forecasts

364 – Finance and Financial Markets • What Was the Exchange Rate Then? historical exchange rates • Bond Market Association material on this important market • Center for Research in Security Prices (CRSP) key security price data set • CRSP Data Access and Analysis suggestions on using CRSP • Financial Data Finder at Ohio State lists numerous financial data sets • Global Financial Data historical finance, price, and foreign exchange data • OSU Virtual Finance Library nice listing of finance sites for academics • SEC EDGAR electronic filings with the SEC • TickPlus Data very detailed financial market data • What Was the Exchange Rate Then? historical exchange rates – Journal Data and Program Archives • American Economic Review • Economic Journal Datasets Online • Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review • Journal of Applied Econometrics • Journal of Business and Economic Statistics • Journal of Money, Credit and Banking Dictionaries, Glossaries & Encyclopedias – AmosWeb GLOSS*arama glossary for principles students – Biz/ed Virtual Economy Glossary studentoriented; includes graphs – Concise Encyclopedia of Economics (CEE) tutorials on various economic topics – Deardorff’s Glossary of International Economics international trade and finance for all – Economics AZ terms from the Economist magazine – Economicae terms for principles students – EH.Net Encyclopedia of Economic and Business History reference articles in economic history – Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Glossary general glossary with a banking and monetary emphasis – Financial Dictionary describes many financial terms – Glossary of Budgetary and Economic Terms U.S. budget and macro terms – Google’s “Define” Search Term search for definitions with Google – Journalist’s Guide to Economic Terms basic terms described – Macroeconomics Glossary macro terms from Brad DeLong – Mathematical Programming Glossary many optimization terms – Online Glossary of Research Economics research terms explained – Resources for the Future Glossary glossary of environmental economic terms – Electronic Information System for International Law — International Economic Law (EISIL) Economists, Departments, & Universities – Google’s University Search use Google to search universities – College and University Home Pages dated with 3,000 listings – Bschool Directory lists 750 bschools – Econ. Departments, Institutes and Research Centers in the World (EDIRC) lists more than 8,700 departments, organizations, etc.

365 – Association for Univ. Business and Economic Research (AUBER) departments with regional focus – Economics Departments with PhD Programs data from Peterson’s Guide American Economic Association (AEA) Directory of Members single largest directory of economists – RePEc Author Service (RAS) registration service for economists – SSRN Author Pages find information on authors in SSRN – Directory of Canadian Economists and Economics Departments Canadian economists – Directory of QM&RBC People one subset of economists – IZA Who is Who in Labor Economics one subset of economists – Web Pages for Research Economists in the Federal Reserve System locate hardtofind Fed economists Forecasting & Consulting (http://rfe.org/showCat.php?cat_id=12) – Conference Board “Leading Economic Indicators” and nongovt. data – Blue Chip Economic Indicators wellknown consensus forecasts – Consensus Economics U.S. and international consensus forecasts – CountryWatch.com both free and feebased reports – American Economics Group labor expertise with legislation and litigation support over the Net – Bank of America Economics and Financial Reports large bank’s economic commentaries – Congressional Budget Office short and longterm forecasts – The Dismal Scientist macro and regional data with analysis plus general commentary – Global Insight leading forecasting and analysis company – e-forecasting custom forecasting and general forecasting – Economic Cycle Research Institute (ECRI) uses Geoffrey Moore’s approach – Economic Trends (Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland) U.S. and international analysis with many charts – Economy.com umbrella organization for data and consulting sites – FedViews (Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco) U.S. analysis and outlook – ForecastCenter.com discusses longrange forecasts – FAIRMODEL wellknown domestic and international model – The Financial Forecast Center focus on financial data – Foster Associates macro, regional, and electrical forecasts (much freely available) – GlassmanOliver Economic Consultants, Inc. micro emphasis – Macroeconomic Advisers, LLC well regarded firm – Inforum microbased macro and international modeling – McKibbin Software Group advanced algorithms – Monash University Econometrics and statistical consulting service university consulting service – National City Economics Department macro forecasts – PricewaterhouseCoopers National Economic Consulting (NEC) advice on impact of government decisions – Quantit Economic Group advice for investment professionals – Regional Economic Models (REMI) extensive regional models – Research at Economy.com sells reports on regional, macro, and international issues

366 – Wachovia Economic Commentary large bank’s economic commentaries – Bank of Hawaii Economic Research Center Pacific conditions – The Brattle Group worldwide consulting – Charles River Associates Auction Consulting assistance with auctions – Economic Data Consultants convert datasets to EViews – Economic Research Services (ERS) affirmative action plans and more – DIA Agency Inc. general equilibrium models – Green Interest Rate Swap Management help with interest rate swaps – KeyPoint Consulting complex litigation support and more – LECG micro consulting – Lewin Group health and human services consulting – London Economics International worldwide energy and infrastructure consulting – MacroDev financial market modeling – Market Design Inc. (MDI) assistance with auctions – Nathan Associates wideranging expertise – NERA Economic Consulting wideranging firm – Probe Economics energy and chemical consulting – Regional Economic Research, Inc. (RER) energy consulting – Roadmap Technologies strategic planning services – Cambridge Finance Partners – Columbia Pacific – Cornerstone Research – Damage Valuation Associates – Econ One – Economic Consulting Associates – Economists Incorporated – Fishkind & Associates – FTI Consulting – Micronomics, Inc. – Spectrumeconomics – Thomas, Warren Associates – Triangle Economics Research – Welch Consulting – ADR International quantitative and theoretical analysis of international issues – Alphametrics financial trading and economics consulting – Atlantica Associates specializes in currency risk – Centre for International Economics (CIE) Australian firm – Conference Board of Canada largest nonprofit research group in Canada – Deutsche Bank Research research from the world largest bank – DotEcon U.K. firm – ELSECO U.K. auction design – Frontier Economics large U.K. firm – International Consulting Economists’ Association (ICEA) associations of consultants – Law & Business Economics (LBE) U.K. firm

367 – Lexecon U.K. firm – Infometrics New Zealand focus – Lombard Street Research Ltd. said to forecast well – Market Analysis – MJ Economics specialist providers of European economic forecasts – Olsen & Associates financial market research and consulting – Oxford Economic Consulting U.K. forecasting and consulting – QuERIInternational industrial demographic data – Reckon U.K. firm with market regulation expertise – RBB Economics European competition advice – STEP Economics wideranging Italian firm – Business Monitor International (BMI) – Economic Consulting Services Inc. (ECS) – VORSIM Consulting – Blue Chip Economic Indicators wellknown consensus forecasts – Consensus Economics U.S. and international consensus forecasts – CountryWatch.com both free and feebased reports Jobs, Grants, & Academic Advice – Academe This Week (Chronicle of Higher Education) Job Listings worth a look – Economics Research Network’s Job Openings listings from SSRN – Inomics Job Openings nonU.S. emphasis – JOE (Job Openings for Economists from the AEA) standard reference – UKJOE (Royal Economic Society) U.K. emphasis – New Ph.D.s in Economics (NBER) – Survey of the Labor Market For New Ph.D.s in Economics – A Guide (and Advice) for Economists on the U. S. Junior Academic Job # n 5.3 Market – AEAweb Grant Support for Economists all manner of information for economists looking for grants – American Association of State Colleges and Universities: Office of Federal Programs – Community of Science – GrantSelect – GrantLink – Illinois Researcher Information Service (IRIS) – National Science Foundation: Economics Program major U.S. funding agency – Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) major U.K. funding agency – REGARD lists U.K. grants – Calvin K. Kazanjian Economics Foundation – Tom Coupe’s Rankings – Resources for New Faculty and Their Mentors hints for new faculty – BioScience Writers assistance with grants and writing – e-conedit professional editing of economic manuscripts – OnLine English assistance for nonnative English speakers – Magnificent Publications, Inc. writing assistance – RedactEcon writing assistance from an economist – Write Science Right writing assistance for nonnative English speakers

368 Forums, Mailing Lists & Usenet – Discussion Forums Applied Game Theory / I.O. Theory Village discuss IO issues Software and Web Sites to Manage Mailing Lists • Introduction • Ezmlm user configured mailing lists for qmail systems • Yahoo Groups set up mailing lists for free • National Academic Mailing List Service (JISCmail) free mailing lists for U.K. academics • Topica set up mailing lists for free – Mailing Lists • A-General Economics and Teaching Cato Online Update (catolist) Campaign for Real Economics (CAMREC) Chinese Economic Association Discussion List (econceauk) Discussion of the ideas of Friedrich A. Hayek (hayekl) EcFinMatStGradSchool EconometricResearch (econometricresearch) Economics & Business Educators List (econbusinesseducators) Elsevier/NorthHolland “Contents Alert Economics” (econbasee) Innovation in Instruction of Economics (I3econ) International Economics and Business Education (inteconbizeducators) National Economics Association Discussion List (neal) Teaching of Economics (tchecon) Virtual Economy (virtualeconomy) • B-Methodology and History of Economic Thought History of Economics Society List (HES) Nordic Institutional Research and Theory (nist) • C Mathematical and Quantitative Methods AgentBased Computational Economics News Items (acenewslist) Australian and New Zealand Econometrics List (ANZECMETL) BUGS (bugs) Corryfee (corryfee) Csemlist (csemlist) Econometría Española (econometria) Econometric Seminars, Workshops and Conferences in the Netherlands and Belgium (TIECTRL) econometrist.org GAMS user list (GamsL) Gaussians (ownergaussians) German SocioEconomic Panel (GSOEP) LIMDEP (limdepl) Maple User Group (maplelist) Email Group for Mathematica Users (MathGroup) Minitab Discussion List (minitab)

369 Model User’s Group (MUGL) Numerical Analysis Network (NANET) Ox Users (oxusers) RATS Internet Mailing List (ratsl) SAS (sasl) SAS Public Access Consortium (SASpacL) Society for Computational Economics Announcement List (scelist) Society of Nonlinear Dynamics and Econometrics (SNDE) SPSSX (spssxl) Statalist (statalist) Statistics Canada’s Daily (Daily) Statistique Canada Quotidien (Quotidien) Strictly Declarative Modelling Language (SDML) Time Series (timeseries) • D Microeconomics ) • E Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics Bureau of Labor Statistics News Service Subscription “Capital and Class” Journal Companion (capitalandclass) Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Electronic Mailing Lists H.M. Treasury Press Releases (PRESS) Microeconomic Roots of Macroeconomic Problems in Europe (euroecon) What’s New on H.M. Treasury Internet Site (WHATSNEW) • F International Economics ) • G Financial Economics Finance and Physics (financeandphysics) • H Public Economics ) • I Health, Education, and Welfare General Health Economics Discussion (healthecondiscuss) • J Labor and Demographic Economics Economic Demography Workshop Annoucements (edwannounce) Economics and Demography of Aging, Aging Policy (ecnaging) Feminist Economists Discussion Group (FemeconL) Gender Economics (gendereconomics) Labor in the Global Economy (LaborL) Social Policy Research Centre Notice List (sprcnotices) • K Law and Economics ) • L Industrial Organization ) • M Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting ) • N Economic History Abstracts — Abstracts in Economic History (AEH) Book Reviews in Economic and Business History (EH.NetReview) Economics and Human Biology (EHB) European Historical Economics News (EH.News) Economic History Association of Australia and New Zealand (OZNZ.Society)

370 Economic History of the Eastern Bloc (EH.Eastbloc) Economic History News (EH.News) Issues in Teaching Economic History (EH.Teach) Italiana Storici dell’Economia (nestorel) Recurrent Economic History (Quanhist.Recurrent) Research in Economic History (eh.res) Teaching and Research in Business History (HBusiness) • O Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth Australian Economics (australianeconomicsl) Brazilian Institute of Social and Economic Analyses (ibasetextsl) Economic and Social Development (econsocdevt) Economic Development (econdev) Economic Growth (economicgrowth) Lista de Correo de Economia Latinoamericana (latamecon) Transition in Eastern Europe & former Soviet Union (eastwestresearch) Turkish Economics (turkecon) • P Economic Systems • Q Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics Canadian Chapter of the International Society for Ecological Econ. (cansee) Land and Resource Economics Network (resecon) • R Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics AAG Economic Geography Specialty Group (economicgeographyl) Community and Rural Economic Development Interests (ruraldev) • Z Other Special Topics Netnomics (netnomics) • Introduction – Usenet Newsgroups Usenet Meetings & Conferences – Inomics Conference Calls – Conferences in Econometrics – Teaching Economics Workshops and Conferences – Resources for Economists Conference Listings News Media – Arts & Letters Daily – Academe This Week (Chronicle of Higher Education) – Times Higher Education Supplement — Jobs – ArgMax Economics Headlines – Barron’s Online – Business Week – College Times — Economics (New York Times for Students) – The Economist – The Financial Times – New York Times

371 – Wall Street Journal Interactive Edition – Bloomberg Online – CNN – CNNFN – STRATFOR – World News Connection (WNC) Organizations & Associations – Academic Research Organizations and Institutes • Econ. Departments, Institutes and Research Centers in the World (EDIRC) • Austrian Economics Program at New York Univ. • Canadian International Labour Network (CILN) • Carolina Population Center • Center for Economic Policy Analysis (CEPA) • Center for the Study of Population • Center for the Study of Industrial Organization (CSIO) • Economic Science Laboratory, Univ. of Arizona • Game Theory Society • Global Development and Environment Institute (GDAE) • Hoover Institution • James M. Buchanan Center for Political Economy • Jerome Levy Economics Institute • Learning and Experimental Economics Projects of Santa Cruz (LEEPS) • Mercatus Center • Ludwig von Mises Institute • NetEc • Santa Cruz Center for International Economics (SCCIE) • The Virtual Center for Supernetworks • West Virginia Regional Research Institute • Universities Water Information Network (UWIN) • Centre for Economic Learning and Social Evolution (ELSE) • Centre for Economic Performance (CEP) • Centre for the Study of African Economies • Centre for Policy Modelling • ESRC Macroeconomic Modelling Bureau (U.K.) • Leverhulme Centre for Market and Public Organisation • National Institute of Economic and Social Research • Centre for Economic and Social Studies for the Environment (CESSE) • Centre for Economic Research (CCSO) • Center for Economic Studies (CES) • Center for the Study of Law and Economics • CESifo • CRENoS • European Research Centre on Migration and Ethnic Relations (ERCOMER) • Experimental Economics Laboratory, Univ. of Trento, Italy

372 • Ifo Institute for Economic Research • IKE Group (Aalborg Univ., Denmark) • Institute of International Economic Relations (IIER) • Institute for International Economic Studies (IIES) • Groningen Growth and Development Centre • Maastricht Economic Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (MERIT) • Nijenrode Forum for Economic Research (NYFER) • Personal Social Services Research Unit (PSSRU) • Center for Rationality and Interactive Decision Theory • Social Policy Research Centre (SPRC), Univ. of NSW, Sydney • Theoretical Research Institute (Australia) Exchange Rate Target Zone Database • New Zealand Institute for the Study of Competition and Regulation • Centre for Research in Network Economics and Communications (CRNEC) • Institute for Research on Poverty (IRP) NonAcademic Research and Policy Organizations • Econ. Departments, Institutes and Research Centers in the World (EDIRC) • American Enterprise Institute (AEI) • Brookings Institution • Cato Institute • Center for Continuing Study of the California Economy (CCSCE) • Center for Global Development (CGD) • Center for the Study of Innovation and Productivity (CSIP) • Economic Policy Institute (EPI) • Employee Benefit Research Institute • Employment Policies Institute • Employment Policy Foundation • EPA Economics • Group of 30 • Heritage Foundation • Independent Institute • Institute for International Economics • Institute for Policy Innovation • Institute of Psychology and Markets • Institute for Research on Poverty (IRP) • Mathematica Policy Research • Milken Institute • National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) • National Center for Policy Analysis • OECD Development Centre • Political Economy Research Center (PERC) • Rand • Resources for the Future (RFF) • UrbanBrookings Tax Policy Center • Santa Fe Institute Economics Program

373 • Upjohn Institute for Employment Research • Urban Institute • Global Development Network (GDN) • International Center for Economic Growth (ICEG) • Research at the IMF • Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics (ABARE) • Australian Bureau of Transport and Regional Economics • Australian Economic Analytical Unit • Canadian Policy Research Networks (CPRN) • Estey Centre for Law and Economics in International Trade • Fraser Institute • Austrian Institute of Economic Research (WIFO) • Belgian Federal Planning Bureau • Centre d’etudes Prospectives et d’Informations Internationales (CEPII) • Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) • Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM) • German Institute for Economic Research (DIW) • Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS) • Institute of Economic Affairs (IEA) • Institute of Public Finance • Kiel Institute of World Economics • Oxford Institute for Economic Policy (OXONIA) • Vienna Institute for Comparative Economic Studies (WIIW) • Center for Latin American Capital Markets Research • Economic Planning Agency (Japan) • India Policy Institute • Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO) – Societies and Associations • Econ. Departments, Institutes and Research Centers in the World (EDIRC): Associations and Societies • Scholarly Societies Project — Economics • Member Societies of International Confederation of Associations for Pluralism in Economics (ICAPE) • Academy of Economics and Finance • African Finance & Economics Association (AFEA) • American Agricultural Economics Association (AAEA) • American Committee on Asian Economic Studies (ACAES) • American Economic Association (AEA) • American Finance Association (AFA) • American Law and Economics Association (ALEA) • American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association (AREUEA) • American Rehabilitation Economics Association • Asian Finance Association (Asian FA) • Association for Comparative Economic Studies (ACES)

374 • Association for Cultural Economics International (ACEI) • Association for Economic and Development Studies in Bangladesh (AEDSB) • Association for Evolutionary Economics (AFEE) • Association for Social Economics (ASE) • Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy (ASCE) • Association for the Study of Grants Economy (ASGE) • Association for the Study of Religion, Economics, and Culture (ASREC) • Association for University Business and Economics Research • Association des Economistes Quebecois (ASDEQ) • Association of Christian Economists (ACE) • Association of Environmental and Resource Economists (AERE) • Association of Indian Economic Studies (AIES) • Association of Private Enterprise Education (APEE) • Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society Inc (AARES) • Business & Economics Society International • Business History Conference • Canadian Economics Association (CEA) • Canadian Law and Economics Association • Chinese Economic Association of North America • Chinese Economists Society (CES) • Cliometric Society • Committee on the Status of Women in the Economics Profession (CSWEP) • Eastern Economic Association (EEA) • Econometric Society • Economic History Association • Economic Science Association (ESA) • Economists Allied for Arms Reduction (ECAAR) • EuroAmerican Association of Economic Development • European Association of Agricultural Economists (EAAE) • Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) • European Association of Agricultural Economists (EAAE) • European Association for Evolutionary Political Economy (EAEPE) • European Association of Law and Economics (EALE) • European Historical Economic Society (EHES) • European Economic Association (EEA) • European Public Choice Society (EPCS) • European Society for the History of Economic Thought (ESHET) • Financial Management Association (FMA) • Finnish Society for Economic Research • Foundation for Economic Education • French Health Economists Association • History of Economics Society • Industrial Organization Society (IOS) • Labor and Employment Relations Association

375 • International Association for Energy Economics (IAEE) • International Association for Feminist Economics (IAFFE) • International Atlantic Economic Society (IAES) • International Confederation of Associations for Pluralism in Economics (ICAPE) • International Consulting Economists’ Association (ICEA) • International Economic and Finance Society (IEFS) • International Economics and Philosophy Society • International Health Economics Association (iHEA) • International InputOutput Association • International Institute of Fisheries Economics & Trade (IIFET) • International Network for Economic Method (INEM) • International Network for Economic Research (INFER) • International Society for Ecological Economics (ISEE) • International Society for Intercommunication of New Ideas (ISINI) • International Society for Inventory Research (ISIR) • International Society for New Institutional Economics (ISNIE) • International Trade and Finance Association (IT&FA) • International Ukrainian Economic Association • International Society of Dynamic Games (ISDG) • International Union of Economists • Japanese Society for the History of Economic Thought • KoreaAmerican Economic Association (KAEA) • L’Association Française de Cliométrie (AFC) • Latin American Economic Association (LAEA) • Middle East Economic Association (MEEA) • National Association of Business Economists (NABE) • National Association of Economic Educators (NAEE) • National Association of Forensic Economics (NAFE) • The National Business and Economics Society (NBES) • National Council on Economic Education (NCEE) K12 emphasis • National Economic Association • National Economists Club • National Tax Association • North American Economics and Finance Association (NAEFA) • Northeastern Agricultural and Resource Economics Association (NAREA) • Omicron Delta Epsilon (ODE) • Peace Science Society (International) (PSSI) • Productivity Analysis Research Network (PARN) • Progressive Economics Forum (PEF) • Public Choice Society • Regional Science Association International • Royal Economic Society (RES) • Societa Italiana degli Storici dell’Economia • Society for the Advancement of Behavioral Economics (SABE)

376 • Society for Computational Economics (SCE) • Society for Economic Dynamics • Society for Nonlinear Dynamics and Econometrics (SNDE) • Society for the Development of Austrian Economics (SDAE) • Society for Policy Modeling(SPM) • Society of Government Economists (SGE) • Southwestern Social Science Association • Southwestern Society of Economists • Southern Economic Association (SEA) • Transportation and Public Utilities Group (TPUG) • Union for Radical Political Economics (URPE) • The Vietnamese Economics Network (VECON) • Western Agricultural Economic Association • Western Economic Association International (WEA) Other Internet Guides – General Internet Resources • ILC Glossary of Internet Terms • Internet Web Index • LivingInternet.com • 10 Big Myths About Copyright Explained the Internet and copyright collide • Beginner’s Guide to URLs how Internet “addresses” work • Internet Cookies understand this sometimes controversial technology • SYSTRAN Translation Software translate human languages found on web sites • Internet Public Library • refdesk.com • Usenet FAQs • WWW Virtual Library • AltaVista • dmoz — Open Directory Project • Google • Yahoo! • Industry Tutor research industries • Google’s Usenet Search search Usenet newsgroups • Library of Congress Business and Economics Internet Resources • Search Engine Colossus lists search engines and directories for many countries • Topica find mailing lists • Trade Associations from Google long lists of industry trade associations • internet @ddress.finder • WhoWhere? • Yahoo People Search • PRONOM — the file format registry search file formats • URLinfo find most anything about a URL • MSN Search

377 – Multiple Subject Economics Sites • AEAweb American Economic Association • eco5.com general directory with some financial emphasis • EconLinks.com general directory • Google Web Directory — Economics combination of the Open Directory Project and Google • Inomics economics search engine and directory • Internet Resources for Economists directory with hundreds of links • Scirus scientific search engine from Elsevier • Social Science Information Gateway — Economics (SOSIG) British focused directory • WebEc: World Wide Web Resources in Economics directory with hundreds of links (mostly by JEL categories) – Single Subject Sites • A General Economics and Teaching The Capitalism Site Nobel Memorial Prizes in Economics Social Change RiskWorld • B Methodology and History of Economic Thought Adam Smith Page Friedrich Hayek Scholar’s Page History of Economics Internet References History of Economic Thought Institutional and Behavioral Economics Marshall Studies Bulletin Victorian Economics: An Overview • C Mathematical and Quantitative Methods AgentBased Computational Economics (ACE) Business Forecasting Forecasting Principles Principles of Forecasting Project Computational Economic Modeling Econometric Links Econometric Resources on the Internet Econometrics World StatServ Interuniversity Centre for Game Theory and Applications (CITG) David Levine’s Economic and Game Theory Page Al Roth’s Game Theory and Experimental Economics Page MoneyScience Financial Intelligence Network • D Microeconomics The Information Economy Stan Liebowitz on Path Dependence and Network Externalities Microcredit Virtual Library

378 Model User Group International (CGE Modeling) Studies using Applied General Equilibrium models (SAGE) • E Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics Asymmetry of Economic Time Series Inflation and Disinflation Macro Economic Models Quantitative Macroeconomics and Real Business Cycle Home Page Selected Bibliography on Electronic Purses Payingwithplastic.org • F International Economics Currency Board Homepage Electronic Information System for International Law — International Economic Law (EISIL) Euro Home Page European Economic Integration Homepage European Monetary Union and European Economic Outlook European Research Papers Archive (ERPA) History of European Integration Site WWW Pages With EU Information and Pointers Into the Web International Economics Network International Trade & Business WWW Reference Pages International Trade Data Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) Global Macroeconomic and Financial Policy Site • G Financial Economics International Financial Institutions Research Site MoneyScience Financial Intelligence Network • H Public Economics ) • I Health, Education, and Welfare Health Economics Places to Go • J Labor and Demographic Economics Labour Economics Gateway (LEG) Financial Demographics • K Law and Economics Antitrust Case Summary Browser Supreme Court Antitrust Debates Law and Economics Microsoft Legal Battle • L Industrial Organization Telecom Information Resources on the Internet Industry Information Resources • M Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting Rutgers University Libraries Business Research Guide

379 • N Economic History Economic History Services (EH.Net) • O Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth Economic Growth Resources Israel Economics Directory Economy in Latin America LatinFocus REESweb : Russian and East European Studies Social Capital Gateway • P Economic Systems • Q Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics Agricultural Economics Virtual Library Agricultural Market Information Virtual Library Resources for Agricultural Economists Webagri Green Accounting Bibliography Sustainable Earth Exchange Link Information for Educators (SEELIFE) • R Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics ) • Z Other Special Topics ) Scholarly Communication – Journal Issues and Controversies • Econ Journal Watch (EJW) commentary on journal articles and policies • Journal Pricing and Journal Refereeing no refereeing for expensive journals • Academic Journals Feedback Project rate journal experiences – Bibliographical Databases • Introduction • Fed in Print (Federal Reserve research) search Fed research • Google Scholar search for academic papers in Google • RePEc Author Service (RAS) registration service for economists • SSRN Author Pages find information on authors in SSRN • Journal of Economic Literature and EconLit (JEL) indexes all econ publications • JEL Subject Descriptors lists JEL codes • IDEAS (Internet Documents in Economics Access Service) search RePEc (300,000+ items) • EconPapers search RePEc (300,000+ items) – Working Papers • Introduction • AgEcon Search specific field • Economics Working Paper Archive (EconWPA) largest single archive • ECOMMUNICS RePEc data with additions • EconPapers search RePEc (300,000+ items) • IDEAS (Internet Documents in Economics Access Service) search RePEc (300,000+ items) • National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) Working Papers largest “traditional” archive

380 • RePEc (Research Papers in Economics) a database of working papers, publications, etc. • Economics Research Network (ERN) forthcoming publications and working papers – Working Paper and Journal Notification Services • Current Contents Connect (ISI) forthcoming publications from many publishers • Economics Research Network (ERN) forthcoming publications and working papers • National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) EMail Bulletin announces NBER working papers • New Economics Papers (NEP) announces RePEc papers • Social Science Research Network (SSRN) abstracts and working papers • Economics Working Paper Archive (EconWPA) • Financial Economics Network (FEN) • Legal Scholarship Network (LSN) • Pool Listing Service in Game Theory • Springer’s LINK ALERT • USDA Economics and Statistics System – Dissertations • ProQuest Digital Dissertations search for recent dissertations • Dissertation Express order dissertations • Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (NDLTD) online theses and dissertations – Innovative Journals • Berkeley Electronic Press • Economics Bulletin • Econ Journal Watch (EJW) commentary on journal articles and policies • The Economists’ Voice nonpartisan forum on policy issues – Journals • Economic Journals on the Web • Journal Storage Project (JSTOR) • OCLC Electronic Collections Online • UMI • Journals Indexed in EconLit – Student Journals • Issues in Political Economy • Opus • Student Economic Review • University Avenue Undergraduate Journal of Economics (UAUJE) • The Visible Hand – Publishers • Association American University Presses • Camden Books • Academic Press • APF Press • Almqvist and Wiksell International • University Press of America

381 • Ashgate • Asia Pacific Press • Asian Development Bank • Australian Productivity Commission • Basic Books • Blackwell Publishers • University of British Columbia Press • Brookings Institution Press • University of California Press • Cambridge University Press • CATO Institute • Centre for Economic Policy Research • University of Chicago Press • Continuum • Copenhagen Business School Press • Cornell University Press • Duke University Press • Edward Elgar Publishing • Elsevier/NorthHolland • Expert Group on Development Issues • Bank of Finland • Greenwood Publishing Group • Harvard Business School Publishing • Harvard University Press • C. D. Howe Institute • University of Illinois Press • Institute of Economic Affairs • Institute for Fiscal Studies • Institute of Southeast Asian Studies • Island Press • International Food Policy Research Institute • International Labour Office • Iowa State University Press • Haworth Press • Johns Hopkins University Press • Kluwer Academic Publishers • Macmillan Publishers • Manchester University Press • Palgrave • University of Michigan Press • MIT Press • Mohr Siebeck • National Bureau of Economic Research • State University of New York Press

382 • Nordic Africa Institute • University of North Carolina Press • W. W. Norton • Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development • Oxford University Press • Princeton University Press • Resources for the Future • Routledge • Rowman and Littlefield • Russell Sage Foundation • Sage Publications • Sharpe • Bank of Spain • Springer • Stanford University Press • St. Martin’s Press • University of Texas Press • University of Toronto Press • United National Publications • W. E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research • University of Washington Press • Westview Press • John Wiley & Sons • World Bank • World Scientific • Yale University Press • Zed Books – Books & Libraries • “Handbooks in Economics” (NorthHolland/Elsevier) • “Forecasting Principles” (Armstrong) • “Foundations of International Macroeconomics” (Obstfeld and Rogoff) • “Macroeconomic Policy in a World Economy” (Taylor) • Archive for the History of Economic Thought archive of many key works • Digital Book Index largest index of digital books? • ebrary downloadable books • Library of Economics and Liberty classic books and more • netLibrary online library • Online Books Page: HBHJ Economics and Business list of free online books • Project Gutenberg Consortia Center focus on distribution of electronic books in the public domain • Questia said to be the largest online library • “An Introduction to Classical Econometric Theory” (Ruud)

383 – Collected Works • Lawrence A. Boland • Collected Works of Ray Fair – Libraries and Classification Systems • COPAC online catalog of many British and Irish libraries • Library of Congress what to say? • Library of Congress Business Reference Services section of the LOC devoted to economics • Libweb directory of libraries on the Internet • Nomenclatures: Documentation on Economic Classifications lists numerous classification systems • RAMON — Eurostat’s Classifications Server lists many classification systems • JEL Subject Descriptors lists JEL codes – Newsletters • American Agricultural Economics Association Newsletter • Economic History Newsletter • electronic Health Economics Analysis Letters (eHEAL) • International Economics and Finance Society • International Society of Dynamic Games ISDG • Technological Innovation and Intellectual Property – Style Guides • Citing Sources from the World Wide Web: MLA Handbook • Columbia Guide to Online Style • The Economist Style Guide • Electronic Reference Formats Recommended by the American • Psychological Association – Views of NonEconomists • Honest Money flaws in our current system • Money — What It Is, How It Works an aerospace engineer describes money • Tax Money — Not People proposal for a transaction tax Software – Internet Software • Adobe Acrobat Reader freely available software to read PDF files • Ghostscript, Ghostview, and GSview freely available software to read PostScript files • Mailing List Software how to run mailing lists • uuencode/uudecode enables binary files to be emailed • PowerArchiver Windows archiver utility • WinZip leading decompression program • xpdf another PDF file viewer – Software Program Libraries • Guide to Available Mathematical Software (GAMS) guide to 9,000 numerical routines • Mathtools.net links to many sites • Netlib leading archive for numerical software • Econometrics Laboratory Software Archive (ELSA) archives and tests software for economists

384 • Gauss Resources Gauss manual and various links • GAUSS Source Code Archive at American Univ. key GAUSS repository • Statlib archive for statistical software • Software for AgentBased Computational Economics (ACE) archive for this new field – Statistical and Computational Software • Software for Economists • Alyuda XL Forecaster • AREMOS (Global Insight) • AUTOBOX • BACC (Bayesian Analysis, Computation, and Communication) • BETA (Laissez Faire Software) • ComLabGames • EXPO & EXPO/SE (Leading Market Technologies) • G (Inforum) • Gambit • GAMS • GAUSS (Aptech) • GAUSSX • gretl • Ivation (Beyond 20/20) • Limdep • LINDO • MLE and MLEQuick (Cahill Software) • MODLER • Otter Research Ltd. (AD Model Builder & MULTIFAN) • Maple (Waterloo Maple) • MathCad & S Plus (Mathsoft) • Mathematica (Wolfram Research) • MATLAB and SIMULINK (MathWorks) • mathStatica • Microfit • Minitab • Modeleasy • Numerical Algorithms Group (NAG) • Numerical Recipes • Ox • Octave • OMatrix (Harmonic Software) • PcGive, PcFiml, GiveWin, and Stamp • Qplot for Gnuplot • EViews (Quantitative Micro Software) • RATS (Estima) • SPLUS (Insightful) • SAS

385 • SHAZAM • SORITEC • SPSS • Stata • Statgraphics (Statistical Graphics Corporation) • STATISTICA • TPL Tables (QQQ Software) • TROLL • TSP International • VORSIM • XTREMES • Dynare • Web Pages that Perform Statistical Calculations! – Word Processing • Software for Economists • Create Adobe PDF Online use Adobe online service to create PDF files • Creating Quality Adobe PDF Files from TeX with DVIPS generating nice PDF with TeX can be tricky • Information on Creating PDF Files links on generating PDF files from (La)TeX and Word • BibTex for Finance/Economics Journals citation software for (La)Tex • LaTeX Beamer Class Homepage LaTeX presentations • Latex2slides simple program from TeX/LaTeX to HTML or JPEG • LyX freely available GUI for LaTeX • PDF File Anonymization Utility make PDF files anonymous • PPower4 make animated presentations with LaTeX and PDF • Prosper LaTeX Presentations • Seminar.sty LaTeX demonstration software • T3, Scientific Word and WorkPlace (TCI Software) commercial TeX and Maple products • TeX and LaTeX References where to start with TeX & LaTeX • Search CTAN search for TeX files and information • TeX Macros for Economics generate TeX in styles for different journals • TexPoint display math on PowerPoint • TPL Tables (QQQ Software) format tables for papers and the Internet • Using Xdvi for Presentations generate presentations with freely available software • CiteULike manage citations Teaching Resources – Books, Textbooks, and OnLine Notes • Archive for the History of Economic Thought archive of many key works • OnLine Libraries • Campus Books 4 Less comparison shop for textbooks • Economics Centre of the Learning and Teaching Support Network (LTSN) Textbook Guide list of some 2,400 texts and books for teaching

386 • Online Economics Textbooks • Publishers of Economic Textbooks • CyberEconomics: A SemiInteractive, AlmostMultimedia Way to Learn Economics (Robert Schenk) micro and macro principles course • dotlearn (Hyman) integrated textbook and course management software • Economics NetTextBook (Ted Black) key (interactive) graphs • EconWeb micro and macro text or supplement • Essential Principles of Economics: A Hypermedia Text (Roger McCain) a broad approach to principles • Graduate Econometrics Lecture Notes (Michael Creel) • GraduateLevel Course in Game Theory (Jim Ratliff) • Introduction to Economic Analysis (R. Preston McAfee) intro/intermediate micro – Miscellaneous • Abstracts of Articles on Microeconomic Topics in Selected Newspapers list of newspaper articles for micro courses • Census Data and Exercises for College Classes simplified Census data • Critique Me.Com online proofing of student papers • Current Value of Old Money convert values in different countries over time • Free Assessment Summary Tool get anonymous student feedback during the Semester • Griesinger Films ecological economics instructional videos • Idea Channel instructional videos • Nobel Memorial Prizes in Economics details on this prize • random.org generate true random numbers • Resampling Stats different approach to teaching statistics • ScholarWord Writing and citation assistance for students • Web Pages that Perform Statistical Calculations! • Wizard of Oz, Monetary Economics, and 19th Century Populism a different view of a classic • World Bank Development Education Program (DEP) various topics for classroom use • World Game of Economics game support with extensive international info • DIA Agency Inc. general equilibrium models – Research and Support • Canadian Foundation for Economic Education (CFEE) Canadian K12 emphasis • EcEd Web leading site for college and K12 • Economic Education Station active learning and tutorials • Economics and Business Education Association (EBEA) U.K.organization • Faculty CyberHandbook on Technology general faculty support • Economics Centre of the Learning and Teaching Support leading site for instructors • Foundation for Teaching Economics “K12 emphasis” • Journal of Economic Education leading journal in this area; article online • National Center for Research in Economic Education research; large database on econed articles • National Council on Economic Education (NCEE) K12 emphasis • Resources for University Teachers of Economics Australian emphasis • ProfessorJournal.com (Wall Street Journal) support for those who use the Wall Street Journal

387 • Socrates Technological University • The Royal Economics Academy – Tutorials, Exercises, and Subject Guides • random.org generate true random numbers • Budget Explorer student can study budget tradeoffs • Click & Learn Regression intuitive approach to regression • Coin Flipping Page flip coins for stat classes online • Commanding Heights: The Battle For The World Economy companion site to the documentary • ComLabGames online strategic and extensive form games • Didactic WebBased Experiments in Game Theory assign games to students • Digital Economist principles text and software teaching aids • EconModel simulate 16 key models on your computer • EconStudy principles tutorial software • Edward Flaherty’s Page on Economic Myths debunks common economic myths • EconDebate Online material on many economic debates • eur macro tutor European macro tutorial • Fair Division Calculator how to divide objects without envy • Gambit build and play finite extensive and normal games • International Economics general guide to international economics • Learning Skills on the Internet for new college students • National Budget Simulator play with the federal budget • Price Controls book excerpts dealing with price controls • Problems in Microeconomics Excelbased tools for students • Simulation of Macroeconometric Models extensive simulation information • Tutor2u U.K. emphasis • Virtual Chancellor (U.K.) simulate the U.K. economy • Virtual Economy (U.K.) U.K. emphasis • Walras Law and Macroeconomics rarely covered in textbooks • FAIRMODEL wellknown domestic and international model – Teaching Economics Workshops and Conferences – Economicae terms for principles students – EconomicIndicators.com links to data and current numbers – Blogs – Classroom Expernomics newsletter – “Experiments with Economic Principles” (Bergstrom and Miller) textbook supplement – Games Economists Play links to classroom games – Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) clear copyrights online – Fair Use for Teaching & Research discussion of educational use of copyright materials – XanEdu create course packets and more online – Blackboard course management software – GradePal.com manage grades and more – Moodle open source course management system – Open Knowledge Initiative (OKI) opensource course management software from MIT and Stanford

388 – Sakai part of OKI – WebCT course management software – Consortium of College Testing Centers find places for distance students to take tests – DistanceEducation Resources from the Chronicle of Higher Education list of distance resources – Globewide Network Academy (GNA) lists thousands of distance learning resources – MIT OpenCourseWare MIT puts virtually all courses online – RealSlideshow add narration to online lectures – TeleCampus list of online courses – theNode.org lists distance resources – Online Glossary of Research Economics research terms explained – About.com Economics variety of resources for students and others – AmosWorld student guide with a glossary and online tests – ECONlinks general guide for students – Iowa Electronic Markets wellknown for political markets – betfair markets in many events – intrade market for current and political events – Tradesports.com market for many events – Univ. of British Columbia Election Stock Market (UBCESM) markets for Canadian elections – Center for Academic Integrity organization devoted to academic honesty – CopyCatch software to detect plagiarism – EVE program to detect plagiarism – Questia online library that lets you search books, journals, magazines, and newspapers – Plagiarism Resource Site (University of Virginia) software to detect local plagiarism – Plagiarism.org plagiarism detection service – World Lecture Hall: Economics – Syllabus Finder – Economic Policy policyoriented journal for student use – GameTheory.net – Great Ideas for Teaching Economics ideas from 250 instructors – WorldMerge mail personalized messages to students in a class – PickAProf – Professor Performance – RateMyProfessors – RatingsOnline – Reviewum.com – The Dismal Scientist macro and regional data with analysis plus general commentary – Economicae terms for principles students – LaTeX Beamer Class Homepage LaTeX presentations – Latex2slides simple program from TeX/LaTeX to HTML or JPEG – PPower4 make animated presentations with LaTeX and PDF – Prosper LaTeX Presentations

389 – Seminar.sty LaTeX demonstration software – TexPoint display math on PowerPoint – Using Xdvi for Presentations generate presentations with freely available software Blogs and Commentaries – Adam Smith Institute – ArgMax Economics Weblog (John Irons) – BeckerPosner Blog – Ben Muse – Bonobo Land – Cafe Hayek (Don Boudreaux and Russell Roberts) – Brad DeLong’s Thoughts of the Moment on Economics, and on Other Topics as Well – Capital Spectator (James Picerno) – EconOpinion – EconomicsUK (David Smith) – Economist Magazine Economics Focus Columns – Economic Principals (David Warsh) – EconLog (Arnold Kling) – Heavy Lifting – Idea Shop (Economics) – The Knowledge Problem (Lynne Kiesling) – Paul Krugman website – Edward Lotterman – MaxSpeak (Max B. Sawicky) – Marginal Revolution (Tyler Cowen and Alex Tabarrok) – macroblog – Mises Economics Blog – Morgan Stanley Global Economic Forum – Newmark’s Door – OMB Watch – Nouriel Roubini’s Global Economics Blog – Sports Economist – A Taxing Blog – Truck and Barter – Vox Baby – Virginia Postrel’s Columns – Hal Varian’s Columns – Econbrowser (James D. Hamilton) – Socrates Technological University – The Royal Economics Academy Neat Stuff – JokEc: Jokes About Economists and Economics many jokes about the profession – One Line Economics short jokes about the profession – American Currency Exhibit view U.S. currency through the years – Apache Web Server Project freely available and market leading webserver software

390 – AskAGeologist ask specific questions about geology – Building A Transistor learn how transistors are built and operate – Cemetery Records Online find burial records – Currency Gallery different currency types – World Currency Museum view currencies from around the world – Academic Journals Feedback Project rate journal experiences – CEOExpress many useful sites – Clear Sky Clock cloud cover prediction – Creative Commons licenses for creative works – Computer Bug — First One picture of what is now common – Computer Bug — Permanent hardtosquash bug – Cuneiform Digital Library dealing with the oldest form of written communication – Deja Vu view the original web – Critique Me.Com online proofing of student papers – GlobalGiving eBaylike model for development – DoubleClick OptOut optout of a controversial marketing method – Earth Impact Effects Program estimate effects of comets and asteroids – EDSAC Simulator simulation of the first modern computer – Email Address Encoder make it hard for spammers to get your address – Environmental Working Group Farm Subsidy Database list of crop subsidies – FindSounds.com unique search engine – Gettysburg Powerpoint Presentation spoof on PowerPoint – GradeInflation.com data and analysis of grade inflation – IP.com innovative method for dealing with intellectual property – Mission Statement Generator need a mission statement? – Microsoft TerraServer view places on the Earth from space – Money Origami a different use of money – MIT OpenCourseWare MIT puts virtually all courses online – NetPD searches for copyright violators – Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (NDLTD) online theses and dissertations – NoodleBib generate correct MLA or APA style bibliographies – Portraits of Wellknown Economists ever wonder what they look like? – Search Systems search many public record databases – SED Crossword Puzzle economics crossword puzzle – SpamArchive find a use for spam – Travel with Bicycles (Air/Rail/Other) the Internet brings together people of varied interests – Trip.Com Flight Tracker find flights in the air – Verizon Speedtest test your Internet connection speed – Web Sites That Shorten Long URLs sites that let you shorten URLs – Shorter URLs sites that let you shorten URLs – Volunteers Catalog Mars’ Craters for NASA volunteer eyes catalog craters – Your Disease Risk (http://www.yourdiseaserisk.harvard.edu/) estimate your risk of various diseases

391 3. MODIFIKUOTA HELSINKIO EKONOMINËS INFORMACIJOS KLASIFIKACINËS PAIEÐKOS INTERNETE (WEBEC) SISTEMA

http://www.helsinki.fi/WebEc/framef.html)

General Economics Resources Labor and Demographics Education and Teaching Law and Economics Methodology and History of Economic Industrial Organization Thought Business Economics Mathematical and Quantitative Methods Economic History Economics and Computing Development, Technological Change Economics Data and Growth Microeconomics Economic Systems Macroeconomics Agriculture and Natural Resources International Economics Regional Economics Financial Economics Economics of Networks Public Economics Internet Health and Welfare

Bendrieji ekonomikos informaciniai ištekliai

General Economics Guides · Resources for Economists on the Internet by B. Goffe. · The BUBL LINK Catalogue of selected Internet resources · Economics section from Social Science Information Gateway (SOSIG), which aims to provide a trusted source of selected, high quality Internet information for researchers and practitioners in the social sciences, business and law. · Business Education on the Internet (BizEd Net) is a free information service linking students, teachers, industry and information providers. The site contains a comprehensive database of economics resources, not only in business economics but in many other areas as well. · Economics at AboutCom is a starting point for economics information with feature articles, web link library, economic data, and more. General Economics Collections · The Open Directory Project is a web directory that relies on a vast army of volunteer editors. As an example of different categories see the Open Directory - Economics section. · Inomics Search Engine indexes information on economics related servers and services. · UCSB Library maintains Economics and Statistics section in InfoSurf as a part of their services. · World Economics Web Resources by Steve Gardner at Baylor University.

392 · Virtual International Business & Economic Sources (VIBES) provides links to Internet sources of international business and economic information that are in English and available free of charge. · Google Economics Web Directory. · Economy: Economics section in Yahoo · Social Sciences WWW Virtual Library keeps track of online information as part of The World- Wide Web Virtual Library. Sites are inspected and evaluated for their adequacy as information sources before they are linked. · Social Science Information Gateway is an online catalogue of high quality Internet resources relevant to social science education and research. · Internet Public Library Reference Center is a nice site for finding all kinds of information ... Economics Institutions · EDIRC, Economics Departments and Institutes and Research Centers of the World, is a list compiled by Christian Zimmerman. The lists are browsable by subject areas and geographical location. · Economics Associations and Societies are also listed in EDIRC · Economics Departments in the USA are listed AmosWeb. · Non-USA Economics Departments on WWW are listed by David Giles. · Economics Departments with Ph.D. Programs in American and Canadian Universities (Including Agricultural Economics) is a list based on “Peterson’s Guide to Graduate Education”. · The page Resources of Scholarly Societies - Economics is one of a set of subject pages at the University of Waterloo Library to facilitate access to websites maintained by or for scholarly societies across the world.

ECONOMICS PUBLICATIONS Collections of Publishers · Economics related Publishing Houses are listed at UVic. · Academic Publishing Information from RFE Economics Journals · Economic Journals on the Web · The World Wide Web Virtual Library of Electronic Journals provides links to the world’s electronic journals. · ELSSS, the ELectronic Society for Social Scientists is a not-for-profit organisation committed to: Increase competition in the academic journal publishing marketplace by providing direct and credible alternatives to specific high-priced journals; Introduce a fairer and more efficient way of producing, distributing, and using academic journals whereby the system that currently produces large rents being earned by some commercial publishers is replaced by a mechanism that yields lowest-cost access and widest dissemination by rewarding only those individuals who contribute to making high-quality journals, namely, authors, referees, and editors - with substantial savings for libraries and the academic and student community. · Register of Leading Social Science Electronic Journals

393 Economics Working Paper Archives and Collections · RFE information on working papers · Economics Working Papers Archive is devoted to the free distribution of working papers in economics. There are 22 subject areas, along with a posting area, a meetings area, an area for programs and an area for data. Economics Books · The Elsevier Handbooks in Economics series website provodes complete reference service on all 34 published to date. The website provides detailed tables of contents as well as introductions to all 700 chapters published. · McKinsey Quarterly is a pdf library of articles and research. The site is free of charge but registration is required. Other Economics and Publishing Related Information · REGARD is a searchable bibliographic database funded by ESRC (Economic and Social Research Council) containing in-depth information on UK social science research. It is publicly available on the World Wide Web without subscription and uses keyword searching for maximum ease of use. · The Historical Text Archive by Don Mabry originated in 1990 in response to the need of historians to have an electronic storage and retrieval site and to demonstrate the advantages of such sites for the study and teaching of history. The HTA provides original material, links to other sites, and electronic reprints of books and is organized by geography/nations and topics. · Science Direct provides access to browse tables of contents and article abstracts from 175 Academic Press journals in more than 30 subject disciplines. Full text to subscribers. Libraries · Library Information Servers via WWW are listed in LibWeb News · Economy Watch is a list of current news links compiled at NewsNow. · The NBER Digest is a monthly publication that summarizes four or five new NBER studies. Professional journalists write these summaries for a non-technical audience. The Bureau sends nearly 12,000 copies of the Digest each month to readers in government, business, universities, and the media. The NBER Digest is available to the general public upon request. · Economic Principals is a weekly column of news about economics and economists. · Worldwide List of Online Newspapers · Newslink is a comprehensive set of links to newspapers. See Business news services listed at Newslink. · Newsletter Access is a browsable and searchable international database of newsletters. · Eldis news sources listings include major international services and news sources by country. · BBC News | The Economy · CNNfn Economy · The Economist is the on-line home for a limited selection of articles from the current issue.

394 Communication · Bill Goffe has a comprehensive collection of economics mailing lists. · Bill Goffe has a comprehensive collection of economics newsgroups. Economists · RePEc Author Service (RAS) - the home for RePEc Person · Economists with Web Pages by John S. Irons. · The American Economics Association directory of members at the University of Texas · The Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel is awarded by Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. More about The winners in economics are found at the Nobel Prize Internet Archive. Conferences · Inomics Conference Calls · Calls for Conferences and Workshops relating to Quantitative Macroeconomics and Real Business Cycles. The list is maintained by Christian Zimmerman. · Conferences with Econometric Interest list is maintained by Marius Ooms for the Econometrics Journal. Jobs · Inomics Job Openings · AEA Job Openings for Economists (JOE) · Job Openings for Economists US, (Academe This Week, Chronicle of Higher Education) · University of Québec, QM and RBC, provides job related general links and a Job Market for macroeconomists. · Jobs for the Academic Community via www.jobs.ac.uk · Advertisements of academic and related vacancies in universities (EU area) via www.academicjobseu.com Miscellaneous Information · The Post-Autistic Economics Movement began in France in June 2000, when a group of economics students, under the banner “autisme-économie”, published on the web a petition protesting against: economics’ “uncontrolled use” and treatment of mathematics as “an end in itself”, and the resulting “autistic science”, the repressive domination of neoclassical theory and derivative approaches in the curriculum, and the dogmatic teaching style, which leaves no place for critical and reflective thought. · Jokes about economists and economics - JokEc · Dismal Trivia - Not The Final Exam - Test your knowledge of the Dismal Science’s major (& some minor) players. DISCLAIMER: Nothing here will help you in any way in any sensible discussion of economic theory. · Project Gutenberg Master Index is filled with texts of old literature in full text. · AmosWeb Economic Glossarama is a searchable glossary of economic terms. · ArtByMath Fractals and CDRom Fractal Artshow · The Salary Calculator

395 Švietimas ir mokymas

Guides in Education · Biz/ed is a business and economics information gateway containing company facts, data, listings, contacts, etc. for students, teachers and lecturers to use. · Tutor 2U Economics is a web based resource for students and teachers of Economics in the United Kingdom. It includes study resources, revision guides, relevant links, an updated dataroom and a discussion forum. The site also includes online presentations and weekly analysis/ briefings for students during the academic year. · The goal of AmosWeb is to be the premiere Internet site for instructional economic information. The site includes the GLOSSarama (a database of economic terms and concepts). · The purpose of EcEd Webb - the Economic Education Website is to provide support for economic education in all forms and at all levels: teaching resources for economics teachers from the K-12 level to the college/university level, plus links to particularly useful web sites for economics information and data for teachers and students. Collections in Education · The LTSN provides an On-Line Teaching Material Index thayt contains links to economics teaching material, organised by subject. · Teaching related links from WebEc · Teaching related links from RFE · Teaching links found in google · Jeeves knows also about teaching Institutions in Education · The list of Economics Departments, Institutes and Research Centers of the World (EDIRC) is maintained by Christian Zimmerman. EDIRC also lists Economics Departments in Economic Education · The list of USA Economics Departments on the Internet is hosted at AmosWeb. · The listing of non-US Economics Departments on WWW has been maintained by David Giles. · Economics Associations and Societies are listed in EDIRC · Economics Departments with Ph.D. Programs in American and Canadian Universities is a list based on “Peterson’s Guide to Graduate Education”. · The National Council on Economic Education (NCEE), (USA) is a nationwide network that leads in promoting economic literacy with students and their teachers. NCEE’s mission is to help students develop the real-life skills they need to succeed: to be able to think and choose responsibly as consumers, savers, investors, citizens, members of the workforce, and effective participants in a global economy. · The Centre for Economic Learning and Social Evolution (ELSE) is an interdisciplinary research centre funded by the U.K. Economic and Social Research Council. Their objective is to promote the study of models of interactive learning and social evolution with a view to providing an appropriate foundational basis for modeling in economics and related social sciences. Game theory is used as the focus for such studies. The ELSE Web Server

396 provides an electronically accessible working paper series that brings together theoretical, experimental and empirical research in Anthropology, Biology, Economics and Psychology. Publications in Education · Computers in Higher Education Economics Review is published twice a year, with news items provided by CTI Economics newsletter, published four times a year. · RePEc (Research Papers in Economics) is a collaborative effort to enhance the dissemination of research in economics. The heart of the project is a decentralized database of working papers, journal articles and software components. All RePEc material is freely available. · NEP in Education is a part of an announcement service which filters information on new releases of working papers into edited reports. These reports are generated by subject- specific editors and are circulated via email. The goal of the NEP project and the associated announcement lists is to provide subscribers with up-to-date information on new additions to the research literature. · An index of related Working Paper information is found via ideasA2 · EconWPA stores Electronic Working Papers in General Economics ·‘Just Business’ web site exists to provide information and activities about global and ethical issues for students and teachers of Business Studies and Economics. · Issues in Political Economy is committed to supporting and encouraging quality undergraduate research in all areas of economics. IPE is edited and refereed entirely by students, with oversight from faculty at Mary Washington College and Elon University. · The University Avenue Undergraduate Journal of Economics is a refereed electronic journal run by undergraduate students from Illinois State University and Illinois Wesleyan University. All articles published within this journal have been written by Undergraduate Economics students. The submitted articles are reviewed by peer evaluators. · Student Electronic Library contains papers done by French students in political science (from Paris Institut d’Etudes Politiques) and categorized by themes. Several papers are in English Vous trouverez sur la Bibelec des dizaines de travaux produits par des étudiants en sciences politiques. Ces publications sont gratuites et librement accessibles, elles peuvent être reproduites mais sont réservées à l’usage individuel et non-commercial des visiteurs. · Student Economic Review is an academic journal written and produced by the undergraduates of Trinity College Dublin, Ireland. The articles are based upon a diverse range of economic topics. Communication in Education · The RePEc Author Service (RAS) aims to link economists with their research output in the RePEc bibliographic database. · A database of Conference Calls organized by subject area is maintained at Inomics · Mailing Lists in Economics and Teaching are listed and described in RFE. · Bill Goffe has a comprehensive collection of economics newsgroups. Computing and Education · For related information see WebEc’s sections Mathematical and Quantitative Methods, Economics and Computing and Economics Data too. · The Economics Centre of the Learning and Teaching Support Network is a new initiative

397 promoting high quality learning, teaching and assessment practices within higher education subject communities. The site provides News & Events, Publications, Question Bank and Web Links

COURSES IN ECONOMICS Multi-subject · Links to on-line quizzes in economics by Guy Judge. · See also Experimental Economics (WebEc) Econometrics · HyperMetrics: HyperText Notes in Econometrics (Lecture notes written for Introductory Econometrics at Queen’s University at Kingston.) · Business Statistics: Revealing Facts From Figures (course material in statistics appreciation) includes general topics in business statistics, links among common statistical tables and relationship among commonly occurring distributions. Annotated review of statistical tools on the internet and other web sites of interest. · Dynaamisten menetelmien kurssi 1 (In Finnish). Dynaamisten menetelmien kurssi 1 kuuluu kansantaloustieteen perusopintoihin ja se on tarkoitus suorittaa toisena tai kolmantena opiskeluvuotena. Kurssilla opetettava asia on tärkeä pohja tuleville syventäville opinnoille. Microeconomics · Problems in Microeconomics is an interactive, graphical, Excel-based problem sets for students in principles and intermediate microeconomics. The site is maintained by Byron W. Brown. Parameters are randomized to give each student a different version, and all answers are instantly graded. Also a useful lecture display tool. The printed instructions are in the form of pdf files, and require Adobe Acrobat Reader 3.0 as a helper to your web browser. You will need Excel 5.0 or higher running on your computer to use the spreadsheets. · Price Theory: An Intermediate Text by David D. Friedman · A variety of introductory materials, mainly in macro and international economics by Colin Danby. Some material is interactive, including a graphical IS-LM tutorial · Gazillionaire is a business simulation where the player runs a trading company in outer space. In Gazillionaire, the player must make decisions about supply, demand, profit margins, overhead, account balances etc. Because of Gazillionaire’s built-in, “award-winning” tutorial with adjustable complexity levels, it appeals to a broad age group and has been used in a wide variety of courses. Macroeconomics · Walras Law and macroeconomic modelling. The pages on Walras Law and its implications for macroeconomics are aimed at first or second year undergraduates. They include biographical material on Walras and Pareto; an intuitive expantion for Walras law, a formal demonstartion using summation notation; a discussion of the implications of walras law for macro modelling. · Fairmodel, Macroeconomic forecasting model of the US economy, can be used to forecast the economy, do policy analysis, and examine historical episodes. This site brings the power of large scale macroeconometric analysis to anyone with access to the internet. It is a resource for business forecasters, government policy analysts, macroeconomic researchers,

398 teachers, and students. The modl works as a client/server application over the web. Table and graph on line and/or download all or part of the data from 1952:1 through 2003:4: historical data, forecast data, and data you may have created. · An introduction to US monetary policy as it is currently conducted by answering a series of questions. · Dr Econ specializes in shedding light on topical and challenging economic questions, and has stockpiled quite a few responses over the years, and you can check to see if he has already answered your question. “Ask Dr. Econ” has a new more conversational interface that also helps questioners find already existing answers. · Kauppa- ja taloustieteellisten oppimateriaalien kehittamishanke (5 introductory courses in Finnish). International Economics · Human Society and the Global Economy is an online textbook in progress for a survey course in economics · The International Economics Study Center is designed for students, teachers, government officials and other professionals interested in international economic theory and policy issues. The site contains an international trade textbook, problem sets, links to current trade news stories and assorted other features. Business and Finance · ThinkQuest is an educational web page designed to teach young and old alike, what the stock market is, and how it can work for them. It includes tutorials on the stock market. · Chance is a quantitative literacy course. The goal of Chance is to make students more informed, critical readers of current news stories that use probability and statistics. Miscellaneous · Great Economists and Their Times traces the development of the major schools of economic thought through the work of ten important economists. These economists were the leading exponents of their schools, and their ideas represent the major contributions to economic thought made by each school. A chronicle of historical events recounts the politics, social environment and intellectual climate of each decade in which the famous economists lived. · Undergraduate Economics Courses at Queen’s Economics Department. Other Education Information · EdWeb’s (by Andy Carvin). The purpose of this hyperbook is to explore the worlds of educational reform and information technology. Hunt down on-line educational resources around the world, learn about trends in education policy and information infrastructure development, examine success stories of computers in the classroom, and more. · Education World by American Fidelity Assurance Company. A searchable database is available. · Helsinki School of Economics, Center for Innovative Education - Jumplink is a listing of educational WWW sites. Headings are in Finnish. · Colleges and Universities by country (Yahoo’s list) · Mike Conlon maintains the list of American Universities. · Globewide Network Academy is a non-profit corporation affiliated with the Usenet University project. Its long-term goal is to create an fully accredited online university. Distance education related resources and vendors are listed in their distance learning resource guide.

399 Ekonominës minties metodologija ir istorija

Methodology and History Collections · The History of Economic Thought Website serves as a repository of collected links and information on the history of economic thought, from the ancient times until the modern day. It is designed for students and the general public, who are interested in learning about economics from a historical perspective. · The Archive for the History of Economic Thought represents an attempt to gather all material for the study of the history of economics at one site. This includes both primary texts, studies of those texts and of their authors. The maintainer is Rod Hay at McMaster University in Canada. · The Eh.Net History of Economics Site provides online access to resources for teaching, scholarship and research in the history of economics and the history of economic thought. · Methodology links found in google · Jeeves knows about methodology too Methodology and History Institutions · L’Association Charles Gide pour l’Etude de la Pensée Economique (A.C.G.E.P.E.) est une société scientifique fondée en 1983 sous forme d’une association “ loi de 1901 “ pour promouvoir les travaux de recherche et les activités de formation en Histoire de la Pensée Economique, en Théories Economiques Comparées, en Méthodologie et en Epistémologie Economique. · French research centre on the History of Economic Thought. It contains a virtual library with many electronic texts in french and english. Methodology and History Publications · RePEc (Research Papers in Economics) is a collaborative effort to enhance the dissemination of research in economics. The heart of the project is a decentralized database of working papers, journal articles and software components. All RePEc material is freely available. · NEP in History and Philosophy of Economics is a part of an announcement service which filters information on new releases of working papers into edited reports. These reports are generated by subject-specific editors and are circulated via email. The goal of the NEP project and the associated announcement lists is to provide subscribers with up-to-date information on new additions to the research literature. · An index of Methodology and History of Economic Thought related Working Paper information is found via ideasB · EconWPA stores Electronic Working Papers in Methodology and History of Economic Thought Methodology and History: Individuals · The History of Economic Thought site includes pages for over five hundred economists from the 17th Century until the modern day. Each individual web page contains a bibliography of their most important works plus some comments on their individual contributions to economic theory. · Great Economists and their schools of thought, theories and biographies. · The Post Keynesian Thought (PKT) archive aims at bringing together the work of economists

400 and others interested in Post Keynesian economics and the social, historical, and political questions that have long been a part of the Post Keynesian tradition. · The Marxists Internet Archive covers three basic areas: on Writers of Marxism, on the History of Marxism, and on Reference materials to Marxism. · The Dead Economists Society Home Page is dedicated to the appreciation of the extraordinary insights of classical liberal economics. A classical liberal economist is defined as one who has been a champion of free markets, limited government, and the private property order. Methodology and History Communication · Mailing Lists in Methodology and History of Economic Thought are listed and described in RFE. · A database of Conference Calls organized by subject area is maintained at Inomics. Methodology and History: Other · The Historical Text Archive provides original material, links to other sites, and electronic reprints of books and is organized by geography/nations and topics.

Matematiniai ir kiekybiniai metodai ekonomikoje

FOR RELATED INFORMATION SEE ALSO WEBEC’S SECTIONS ECONOMICS AND COMPUTING AND ECONOMICS DATA. Guides · The Statistical Science Web (StatWeb) is designed to provide an all-in-one guide to statistical science resources, with special attention to Australian resources. · Guide to Available Mathematical Software is a cross-index and virtual repository of mathematical and statistical software components of use in computational science and engineering. The guide is maintained at the Mathematical and Computational Science Division within the Information Technology Laboratory of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA. · CSC Mathematical topics by Juha Haataja, Center for Scientific Computing, Finland, provides starting points for using the World-Wide Web for mathematical research. · The Cornell Theory Center Math and Science Gateway for secondary school students and educators provides a starting point for locating science and mathematics resources on the web. Collections in Methods · Mathematics WWW Virtual Library from the Florida State University Mathematics Department. · Mathematics web sites around the world are listed at Penn State Mathematics Department. · Bibliography for Computational Probability and Statistics is a general reference to statistics and applied probability. Includes links to web sites of statistical journals. · Statistics WWW Virtual Library from the University of Florida Department of Statistics. · Mathematical and Quantitative Methods links found in google · Jeeves knows also about Mathematical and Quantitative Methods

401 Institutions in Methods · Economics Departments in Econometrics and Mathematical Economics are listed in EDIRC · The American Mathematical Society has been founded to further mathematical research and scholarship. It fulfills its mission through programs that promote mathematical research, increase the awareness of the value of mathematics to society, and foster excellence in mathematics education. The Society is a major publisher of mathematics. Since 1996, all journals of the Society have been available in electronic form over the web. Publications in Methods · MATH Database from 1931 to..., a WWW version of Zentralblatt für Mathematik / Mathematics Abstracts covers volumes period 1931-present, and Current Contents of New Publications of Zbl. Math. · Journal of Statistical Software · The Econometrics of Macroeconomic Forecasting is a part of ESRC projects of David Hendry. It aims to establish the econometric basis for a rigorous analysis of macro-economic policy experiments based on emprical macro-econometric systems. · NEP in Methods (see several NEP sub-categories) are a part of an announcement service which filters information on new releases of working papers into edited reports. These reports are generated by subject-specific editors and are circulated via email. The goal of the NEP project and the associated announcement lists is to provide subscribers with up-to-date information on new additions to the research literature. · An index of Mathematical and Quantitative Methods related Working Paper information is found via ideasC · EconWPA stores electronic working papers in related subject areas: Econometrics - GE and Growth and Math - Games and Information - Computational - Experimental Communication in Methods · Usenet Newsgroups and Mailing Lists in Mathematical and Quantitative Methods are listed and described in RFE. Courses in Methods · Educational web pages in Econometrics Econometrics · The Department of Econometrics & OR, Free University Amsterdam provides Links in Econometrics (econometriclinks.com). Game Theory · Economic and Game Theory page by David K. Levine. This site explores how the interaction of intelligent goal-seeking individuals determines social outcomes using the tools of modern economic theory and game theory. There is general interest material, undergraduate and graduate course material, and original research. · Al Roth’s game theory and experimental economics page. · Game Theory net is a resource for educators and students of game theory. The site contains lecture notes, links to text books, and interactive applets and games. On the lighter side, there is a section on game theory in the movies. · Martin J. Osborne’s game theory page.

402 · Combinatorial Game Theory - links to samples is maintained by David Eppstein. · Strategy and Conflict: An Introductory Sketch of Game Theory by Roger A. McCain · Introduction to Game Theory with Applications presents the theory of the two-person Zero- sum games with an illustrative numerical example. Applications to optimal portfolio selections in investment decision together with its risk assessment are provided. · Walker, Paul - An Outline of the History of Game Theory · ComLabGames internet/intranet software (for teaching purposes also) to design and run noncooperative games between human subjects, and analyze the experimental outcomes. Experimental Economics · Al Roth’s game theory and experimental economics page · Classroom Expernomics - a newsletter that is dedicated to the use of economic experiments as a teaching tool for the classroom. · The Iowa Electronic Markets are real-money futures markets in which contract payoffs depend on economic and political events such as elections. · Interactive Budget Simulation (US National Federal Budget Simulator) · The VassarStats web site provides statistical procedures to be launched within your browser! · Rweb is a Web based interface to R (a statistical analysis package) that takes the submitted code, runs R on the code (in batch mode), and returns the output (printed and graphical). · Fairmodel works as a client/server application over the web. Work with Fairmodel, a macroeconometric model of the USA economy, to forecast the economy, do policy analysis, and examine historical episodes. Table and graph on line and/or download all or part of the data from 1952:1 through 2003:4: historical data, forecast data, and data you may have created.

Ekonomika ir skaièiavimai

FOR RELATED INFORMATION ALSO SEE WEBEC’S SECTIONS MATHEMATICAL AND QUANTITATIVE METHODS AND ECONOMICS DATA. Guides in Computing · The CTI Centre for Economics maintains the Catalogue of Economics Software that is prepared by the CTI Centre for Economics at the University of Bristol and is updated periodically. The emphasis is on Economics Software for use in Teaching and Learning. · Mathtools net is a technical computing portal for all scientific and engineering needs. The portal is free and contains useful links to technical computing programmers, covering MATLAB, Java, Excel, C/C+, Fortran and others. Collections in Computing · Guide to Available Mathematical Software is a cross-index and virtual repository of mathematical and statistical software components of use in computational science and engineering. · E L S A Econometrics Laboratory Software Archive University of California, Berkeley, wishes to serve as a central location for experimental softwarea and to work with developers of algorithms to produce standards for documentation and testing that will facilitate the

403 exchange of new methodologies and solutions to complex computational problems. · Statistical Software related items in RFE · Computing links found in google · Jeeves knows about Computing too Institutions in Computing · Economics Departments in Econometrics and Mathematical Economics are listed in EDIRC Publications in Computing · Agent based computational economics (ACE) is the computational study of economies modelled as evolving decentralized systems of autonomous interacting agents. The ACE Web site provides a variety of ACE-related resources, including: ACE surveys; an annotated syllabus of ACE-related readings; pointers to ACE-related software; pointers to other ACE- related Web sites; ACE-related conference and journal special issue information; and archived ACE news notes. · NEP in Methods (see several NEP sub-categories) are a part of an announcement service which filters information on new releases of working papers into edited reports. These reports are generated by subject-specific editors and are circulated via email. The goal of the NEP project and the associated announcement lists is to provide subscribers with up-to-date information on new additions to the research literature. · An index of Economics and Computing related Working Paper information is found via ideasC8 · EconWPA stores electronic working papers in related subject areas: Computational and Individual Programs Communication in Computing · Mailing Lists by subject area are listed and described in RFE Programs · See Statistical and Computational Software from RFE. · EconSim ™ is an extendable framework for Economics Simulation. It is very strongly based on the Object Oriented approach. EconSim’s ‘Objects’ are different kinds of EconomicEntity. (Firm, consumer, employee, tax payer, patient, commuter etc) Even the free ‘Basic’ edition is extendable in Java. EconSim™ is an application, a fully compiled *.exe for MS-Windows 98 and above. · NetMul is a WWW online multivariate analysis system. It provides a Web interface to the ADE-4 multivariate analysis software, which allows to use it from Mac, PC and Unix workstations. · Code and Reprint Archive of Lester Ingber · Lambda.zip (1.7 megs; french) is a windows program by M. Florent Picard to compute the market share in money and percentage of a store located on a map, or for a shopping centre. It gives answers in numbers and graphs. The program uses preferably data from Statistics Canada and has a built-in tutorial. Miscellaneous in Computing · Dictionary of Computing

404 Other in Computing · The CWSApps List is designed to be your one-stop shopping site for software on the Internet. · TUCOWS archive of Winsock software · Shareware Com provides links to downloadable shareware programs. · Unixhelp for Users provides helpful information for users of the UNIX operating system. The guide has been developed at the University of Edinburgh.

Ekonominiai duomenys

FOR RELATED INFORMATION SEE WEBEC’S SECTIONS: EDUCATION AND TEACHING, MATHEMATICAL AND QUANTITATIVE METHODS, ECONOMICS AND COMPUTING, REGIONAL ECONOMICS AND PUBLIC ECONOMICS Economics Data Collections · OFFSTATS lists web sites offering free and easily accessible social, economic and general data from official or similar “quotable” sources, especially those that provide both current data and time series. In the country lists, these are mainly web pages provided by statistical offices, central banks and government departments and agencies, whereas the topics list is comprised of links to the statistics pages of international organizations and associations and a few commercial sites. · See Bill Goffe’s guide (Resources for Economists) for economics data. · Inomics EconDirectory - Indicators_and_Statistics · Statistics Finland lists links to statistical services · Econ Data and Links are listed by John A. Shaw, California State University, School of Social Sciences. This page also provides some actual numbers of current economic data. · DDCN is a centralized clearing house and data archive on transition and emerging market economies. DDCN archives and provides access to socio-economic micro and macro data on these economies. · Statistical Data Locators -page links to sources of international trade, economics and socioeconomic statistics and data classified by continent. The list is maintained at NTU Library, Singapore, by Leong-Lee Kim Lian. · Rob Byrne’s VCE Economics (Statistics section especially) is worth the clicks. · B&E DataLinks of the ASA (American Statistical Association) contains a searchable index of annotated statistical data links. Categories include finance, macroeconomics, and labor and general microeconometrics. · The Social Science Data Archives provide Data on the Net, which is a searchable and browsable list of sources of numeric social science data including actual data, data archives, data libraries, vendors of data, and social science gateways. · Business and Economics Numeric Data: link lists and databases for data described by Mansfield University of Pennsylvania. · Yahoo: Statistics and Indicators · Data links found in google · Jeeves knows also about data quest

405 ON-LINE DATA International · Penn data is also found among other sites at Biz/ed. See also The Penn World Table at the University of Pennsylvania. · The collection in the NBER Macro History Database contains 3500 monthly, quarterly or annual historical economic time-series. The NBER site provides other datasets too. · Free samples and extracts of Economic Statistics in PDF format by the OECD. · The World Bank data sources include: development targets for the early 21st century, national statistics for countries and regions, development indicators, country at a glance tables, sectoral data, and sample maps showing some environmental and other data · Facts and figures for just about every nation. The most recent CIA World Factbook is available among the CIA publications. You can find the older versions of the CIA World Factbook also. · InfoNation is a two-step database interface that allows you to view and compare statistical data for the Member States of the United Nations. · UNCTAD-TRAINS (TRade Analysis and INformation System) is a comprehensive computerized information system at the HS-based tariff line level covering tariff, para-tariff and non-tariff measures as well as import flows by origin for more than 100 countries. · With TradeStats Express individuals can retrieve, visualize, analyze, print, and download (US) trade data. This site will also generate custom-tailor graphics, data tables, and thematic maps using the latest annual trade numbers. It is perfect for researching national and international trade statistics. · International Trade Centre UNCTAD/WTO (ITC) Infobases contain information on trade bibliographies, contacts, statistics and services. The trade statistics are taken from the COMTRADE data base of the United Nations Statistics Division. There is also a listing of external sources of data. · Empirical Investigations in International Trade is a site originally by Jon Haveman. The pages include concordances between some of the many many different industrial classifications in the world, as well as some other commonly used international trade data that are freely available, or have been compiled from readily available sources. · The Luxembourg Income Study (LIS) is an international data archive and research network. The information server provides an introduction, a downloadable newsletter, downloadable working papers, country documentation (incl. basic income and poverty statistics) and useful links. It allows academic researchers to analyse income and labour force surveys for 25 countries on four continents: Europe, America, Asia and Oceania. Registration is required (free for member countries citizens only). · The Luxembourg Employment Study (LES Project) aims to construct a databank containing Labour Force Surveys from the early nineties from countries with quite different labour market structures. These surveys provide detailed information on areas like job search, employment characteristics, comparable occupations, investment in education, migration, etc. The LES team has harmonised and standardised the micro data from the labour force surveys in order to facilitate comparative research.

406 · Sitrends.org makes data, reading lists, ideas, and information concerning the world’s service sectors readily available to the public. The goal of Sitrends is to motivate more research and discussion of service sector issues. · Social indicators covering a wide range of subject-matter fields are compiled by the Statistics Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, from many international sources in the global statistical system. · Social Sciences Data Center and Geographic Information Systems Lab provide a collection of numeric data distributed through the US Depository Library Program, the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR), and some 75 international government organizations, as well as data from non-governmental surveys such as the National Health and Social Life Survey. · The DPLS Online Archival Repository is a growing collection of datasets available on the WWW for downloading and conducting secondary analysis by Social Science researchers. The list of titles reflects the archival holdings of the Data and Program Library Service at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, established in 1966. · Internet Crossroads in the Social Sciences is a guide to Social Science data available on the Internet, maintained by librarians at the Data and Program Library Service at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA. Hyperlinks with annotations denoting content, quality, and other relevant clues are arranged by subject area and type of resource. · Social Sciences Data Collection (UCSD) provides full-text (US) federal documents, Digital Library Text, Electronic Newsletters, and UCSD Maps and Spatial Data. · International Energy Annual by the US Department of Energy’s Energy Information Agency contains time series data on the production and consumption of energy and energy-related data. · The Latin American Network Information Center (LANIC) provides Macroeconomic Data Resources listed by country and subject areas in their Economy section. · The Oxford Latin American Economic History Database (OxLAD) is a free, downloadable, on-line resource for reliable, consistent, and comparable economic and social data series from 1900-2000 for 20 countries in Latin America. It is produced by the Latin American Centre of Oxford University · LatinFocus offers services to economics and finance professionals engaged on a daily basis with Latin American markets and includes online statistical database of the seven largest Latin American economies (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru and Venezuela) - economic growth patterns, inflation, fiscal accounts, external balances and the political environment, list of links, Consensus Forecast publication. · There is a continuing series of books prepared by the Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress (US) under the Country Studies and Area Handbook Program, sponsored by the Department of the Army. This online series presently contains studies of 91 countries. Asia · The Asian Historical Statistics Project aims to compile modern economic statistics on modern Asia and make them readily available to the public.

407 Europe · The NBER On-line data includes a MacroEconomic History Database that has some coverage of the United Kingdom, France and Germany, although it predominantly covers the United States. More than 3500 series are available. The data set covers all aspects of the pre-WWI and interwar economies, including production, construction, employment, money, prices, asset market transactions, foreign trade, and government activity. United Kingdom · The Government Statistical Service in UK · Searchable data about UK at BizEd Net: on line exemplar data on the UK economy. North America Canada · Canadian Economy Online is a guide to the national economy that provides statistics and access to federal government information. · Canadian Industry Overviews are a component of a larger Strategis Industry Canada Online service. “Strategis” alone possesses over 60,000 documents that are considered to be of interest to Canadian industry. · Statistics Canada’s electronic publication contains Canadian information on GDP by income and expenditure, Balance of international payments, Labour productivity, International investment position, National balance sheet accounts as well as monthly data on Gross Domestic Product by industry. JAV · The White House (US) Briefing Rooms do not only offer brief statistics and charts, but they also link to the agency that is responsible for the data. The briefing rooms include the White House Social Statistics Briefing Room and the White House Economic Statistics Briefing Room. · Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED) database contains US historical economic and financial data including weekly and monthly interest rates, monetary data, exchange rates, GDP, CPI, PPI, employment data, Federal Reserve Board Statistical Releases (i.e. H15), and more. · The NBER MacroEconomic History Database has some coverage of the United Kingdom, France and Germany, although it predominantly covers the United States. More than 3500 series are available. The data set covers all aspects of the pre-WWI and interwar economies, including production, construction, employment, money, prices, asset market transactions, foreign trade, and government activity. · Fairmodel - Macroeconomic forecasting model of the US economy works as a client/server application over the web. Work with FAIRMODEL, a macroeconometric model of the U.S. economy, to forecast the economy, do policy analysis, and examine historical episodes. Table and graph on line and/or download all or part of the data from 1952:1 through 2003:4: historical data, forecast data, and data you may have created. · EconDataNet offers links to sources of state and regional socioeconomic data for the United States. Links are organized by subject and by data provider. We also provide a downloadable User’s Guide to Socioeconomic Data for Understanding Your Regional Economy.

408 · The Economic Time Series Page by Ted Bos is a collection of economic time series useful for economic forecasting. The majority of the data is USA data. · StatLib is a system for distributing statistical software, datasets, and information by electronic mail, FTP and WWW by the Department of Statistics at Carnegie Mellon University · E L S A - Econometrics Laboratory Software Archive from University of California, Berkeley, provides codes for econometric work and pointers to datasets. · USA Demographic Data Viewer from SEDAC & CIESIN. DDViewer allows the user to create maps at a multitude of geographic resolutions · The Bureau of Labor Statistics provides data online, including US Economy at a Glance and a listing of other official data providers on their www-site. · The Internet Data Site of the Economic Policy Institute - DataZone provides access to 50 tables of historical labor market, earnings, and income data. Tables can be browsed as well as downloaded in spread sheet format. Also tables providing recently updated figures and statistics on the labor market, family income,prices, GDP, wages, poverty, trade, the budget deficit, and interest rates are included. · The Panel Study of US Income Dynamics from Univ. of Michigan is a longitudinal survey (since 1968 onwards) of a representative sample of US individuals and their families. The data are collected annually, and the data files contain the full span of information collected over the course of the study. PSID data can be used for cross-sectional, longitudinal, and intergenerational analysis and for studying both individuals and families. · EDGAR, a Database of Corporate Information, performs automated collection, validation, indexing, acceptance, and forwarding of submissions by companies and others who are required by law to file forms with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Its primary purpose is to increase the efficiency and fairness of the securities market for the benefit of investors, corporations, and the economy by accelerating the receipt, acceptance, dissemination, and analysis of time-sensitive corporate information filed with the agency. · The Public Register Annual Report Service’s (PRARS) annual reports online. · Inflation conversion factors: tables to convert US dollars of (almost) any year dollars of recent years. · The Inflation Calculator page by S. Morgan Friedman provides links to other online inflation related sites also. · USDA Economics and Statistics system provides access to 300 data sets and full-text reports from the economics agencies of the USDA. Searching the system, you can find data sets and reports about field crops, fruit, nuts and vegetables, livestock, dairy, poultry and aquaculture, agricultural trade, international agriculture. · The US Bureau of the Census provides, among many other, trade statistics from the Foreign Trade Division Home Page · The Dismal Scientist offers economic data and analysis, at the metro, state, and national level. The site includes forecasts, demographic information, and economic statistics. · The (US) Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) at the US Department of Transportation provide transportation related information and statistics for the transportation research and planning communities. Also international data and reports are available.

409 Institutions in Economics Data · The International Monetary Fund’s Dissemination Standards Bulletin Board provides access to the Special Data Dissemination Standard, the General Data Dissemination System, and the Data Quality Reference sites. This site provides information about economic and financial data disseminated by member countries. This site provides information on data produced and disseminated by member countries. The Data Quality Reference Site provides access to contributions in the field and includes a selection of articles and other sources related to data quality issues. · Statistical Offices are listed in EDIRC · Statistics Finland lists statistical organisations Miscellaneous in Economics Data · Search the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC / US) codes.

Mikroekonomika

Collections in Microeconomics · Inomics EconDirectory - Microeconomics · Microeconomics links found in google · Jeeves knows about microeconomics too Publications in Microeconomics · The Productivity Commission is the Australian Government’s principal advisory body on microeconomic reform. It conducts public enquiries and research into a broad range of economic and social issues. The Commission’s website includes full copies of most of its inquiry and research reports. · RePEc (Research Papers in Economics) is a collaborative effort to enhance the dissemination of research in economics. The heart of the project is a decentralized database of working papers, journal articles and software components. All RePEc material is freely available. · NEP in Microeconomics is a part of an announcement service which filters information on new releases of working papers into edited reports. These reports are generated by subject- specific editors and are circulated via email. The goal of the NEP project and the associated announcement lists is to provide subscribers with up-to-date information on new additions to the research literature. · An index of Microeconomics related Working Paper information is found via ideasD · EconWPA stores Working Papers in Microeconomics Communication in Microeconomics · Mailing Lists in Microeconomics are listed and described in RFE · The RePEc Author Service (RAS) aims to link economists with their research output in the RePEc bibliographic database. · A database of Conference Calls organized by subject area is maintained at Inomics Courses in Microeconomics · Educational web pages in Microeconomics

410 Makroekonomika

Collections in Macroeconomics · Nouriel Roubini’s Global Macroeconomic and Financial Policy Site · Quantitative Macroeconomics and Real Business Cycles is a collection of links to several resources about quantitative macroeconomics and especially real business cycle (RBC) theory on the World-Wide Web. Apart from links, there is quite a lot of original material (bibliography, code, etc.). · Inomics EconDirectory - Macroeconomics · Macroeconomics links found in google · Jeeves knows about macroeconomics too Institutions in Macroeconomics · Economics Departments in Forecasting and Business Cycles and Monetary Economics are listed in EDIRC Publications in Macroeconomics · The Currency Boards site provides information on currency boards, an alternative to central banking that exists in Hong Kong, Argentina, and elsewhere. · A Comparative Chronology of Money by Roy Davies & Glyn Davies. The site contains also a collection of essays written by Roy Davies · The Centre for Co-operation with OECD Non-Members (CCNM) is the focal point for the development and pursuit of policy dialogue between the OECD and non-member economies. The Centre provides information about publications of labour markets, social policies, public management and education in Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. Some free publications available. · IMF Publications · World Bank publications · The NBER Publications include the NBER Digest that is a monthly publication that summarizes four or five new NBER studies. Professional journalists write these summaries for a non- technical audience. The Bureau sends nearly 12,000 copies of the Digest each month to readers in government, business, universities, and the media. The NBER Digest is available to the general public upon request. · The Bulletin of Inflation and Macroeconomic Analysis (EU & US) is an independent monthly university publication including: Forecast for European Consumer and US Consumer Price Index, Analysis of European Monetary Policy and analysis by sectors of inflation and competitivity in the Spanish economy and Spanish economy written by leading specialists from the state and private sectors in Spain. · NEP in Macroeconomics (NEP includes several related categories) are a part of an announcement service which filters information on new releases of working papers into edited reports. These reports are generated by subject-specific editors and are circulated via email. The goal of the NEP project and the associated announcement lists is to provide subscribers with up-to-date information on new additions to the research literature. · An index of Macroeconomics related Working Paper information is found via ideasE · EconWPA stores Working Papers in Macroeconomics

411 News in Macroeconomics See also news sources in General Economics Communication in Macroeconomics · Directory of Quantitative Macroeconomists and Real Business Cycle researchers is a listing of people interested in QM or RBC theory and having submitted an entry. · Mailing Lists in Macroeconomics are listed and described in RFE · The RePEc Author Service (RAS) aims to link economists with their research output in the RePEc bibliographic database. · A database of Conference Calls organized by subject area is maintained at Inomics Courses in Macroeconomics · Educational web pages in Macroeconomics

Finansø ekonomika

Financial Economics Guides · The HBS Project Finance Portal is intended to be a reference guide for students, researchers, and practitioners seeking to obtain information about project finance. In addition to bibliographical references for books, articles, and case studies, the site contains links to related sites. · The Union Bancaire Privée’s Learning Curve, financial guide & financial glossary includes three learning modules in Investing, Markets and Derivatives. · The Investment FAQ is a collection of Frequently Asked Questions and answers about investments and personal finance, including stocks, bonds, options, discount brokers, information sources, retirement plans, life insurance, etc. by Christopher Lott. Financial Economics Collections · Wachowicz’s Web World: Web Sites for Discerning Finance Students lists financial management web sites grouped to correspond with the major topic headings in the book “Fundamentals of Financial Management,” by Van Horne and Wachowicz. · Inomics EconDirectory - Financial Economics · Finance and Investments links from Yahoo · Financial Economics links found in google · Jeeves knows about Financial Economics too Financial Economics Institutions · Economics Departments in Financial Economics are listed in EDIRC · Economics Associations and Societies are listed in EDIRC · Banking on the WWW Financial Economics Publications · Jim Garven’s Blog · Derivatives, Use, Trading and Regulation · Journal of Derivatives · NEP in Finance (contains many related sub-categories) are a part of an announcement service which filters information on new releases of working papers into edited reports. These

412 reports are generated by subject-specific editors and are circulated via email. The goal of the NEP project and the associated announcement lists is to provide subscribers with up-to-date information on new additions to the research literature. · An index of Financial Economics related Working Paper information is found via ideasG · EconWPA hosts Working Papers in Financial Economics · The Financial Economics Network (FEN) is one of the SSRN’s networks that encourage the early distribution of research results by publishing submitted abstracts and by soliciting abstracts of top quality research papers around the world. · Davies, Roy - Warfare and Financial History Financial Economics Data · Biz/ed hosts financial data on well known companies. · US Securities and Exchange Commision (SEC) provides financial filings of all listed U.S. Companies, and foreign companies listed on US exchanges. EDGAR which is a Database of Corporate Information performs automated collection, validation, indexing, acceptance, and forwarding of submissions by companies and others who are required by law to file forms with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Its primary purpose is to increase the efficiency and fairness of the securities market for the benefit of investors, corporations, and the economy by accelerating the receipt, acceptance, dissemination, and analysis of time- sensitive corporate information filed with the agency. · Holt Report WWW Archive Financial Economics News See also news sources in General Economics · CNNmoney · Financial Times · BusinessWeek · MSNBC Business News Digest · Financial News from Bloomberg · Finfacts is an Irish financial and business information resource on the WWW · The Financial Mail Internet, South Africa · Fortune Magazine, USA · Forbes Magazine, USA · Kiplinger Financial Newsletter, USA · Swiss Finance Watch - Global Financial Issues provides an information source on many global financial issues. · B>Quest (Business Quest) Financial Economics Communication · Mailing Lists in Financial Economics are listed and described in RFE. · The RePEc Author Service (RAS) aims to link economists with their research output in the RePEc bibliographic database. · A database of Conference Calls organized by subject area is maintained at Inomics

413 Financial Economics Courses · Educational web pages in Financial Economics Insurance · The US National Association of Insurance Commissioners offers both news and press releases from the association, which serves elected and appointed state insurance commissions. It offers a set of insurance related papers. Most deal with problems of regulating the industry.

Viešoji ekonomika

Government Information Collections · Facts and figures for just about every nation. You can find older versions of the CIA World Fact Book at University ogf Louisville. The CIA World Fact Book is also available at the CIA web site. · PRAXIS: Resources for Social and Economic Development provides access to an array of archival resources on international and comparative social development. PRAXIS has been designed to meet the informational needs of two audiences: social work educators and students with international interests; and, other educators and students who require assistance in locating useful national and international resources on social and economic development. · The Library of the Finnish Parliament maintains a listing of governmental web sites in other countries. · The Social Science Information Gateway collects links of Government and Public Administration information sources. · Political Science Resources are listed by Richard Kimber. The system is searchable. · The UT Library Online collects links to mostly US government information resources. · Government links by countries compiled in Yahoo · Public Economics links found in google · Jeeves knows also about Public Economics Institutions in Public Economics · Economics Departments in Public Economics and Political Economy are listed in EDIRC · Economics Associations and Societies are listed in EDIRC Australian Government · Australian Commonwealth Government Entry Point provides information on government, legislation and a list of departments and agencies.

ASIAN GOVERNMENT Japan · Information from the official residence of the Japanese Prime Minister · Cabinet Office, Government of Japan · Mizuho Securities, provides English language Research and Links designed for non-Japanese. Topics include BOJ, MOF, bonds (JGBs, Samurai bonds etc), equities, Japanese politics, law, futures, credit ratings. There is also an international markets section which includes information on Japan/EU and Japan/US relations.

414 GOVERNMENT, AMERICAS Canada · The Government of Canada Primary Internet Site (Canada Site) is the Internet electronic access point through which Internet users around the world can obtain information about Canada, its government and its services. Direct links are also provided from this site to government departments and agencies that have Internet facilities. · The Canadian Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (DFAIT) has a collection of information for Canadians and international clients interested in Canadian foreign policy, international trade issues, business, investment, human rights, culture, education, travel, international law, and international organizations. Also included is information on diplomatic issues and Canada’s world-wide network of diplomatic missions. · Parliament of Canada provides information on parliamentary issues as well as reference material. · Bank of Canada publishes Exchange Rates, Bond Yields, Historical Canadian-dollar Interest Rates, Historical Monetary and Credit Aggregates and Interest Rates, and Commodity Price Index on the Web. · Department of Finance Canada has included research reports and other publications on their website. · Industry Canada Web Server offers information about the department ranging from the Minister’s biography to details on key programs. · Strategis — Industry Canada Online — provides users with direct access to business and consumer information resources, interactive tools, and a number of on-line and electronic commerce services. · Statistics Canada offers free tabular data from the latest Census results.

USA · An Interactive Citizens Handbook is a guide to the U.S. Government · (GPO) Government Printing Office and the General Accounting Office (GAO) provide access to Electronic Government Information Products. · The Umich Documents Center is a reference and referral point for government information. The web pages are a reference tool for government, political science, statistical data, and news. · American Government and Public Policy -page by the Institute of Governmental Studies Library, University of California, Berkeley. · FedWorld Information Network offers a central access point for searching, locating, ordering and acquiring government and business information. · State and Local Government on the Net: A Piper Resources guide to government sponsored Internet sites offers a source for geographic access to all levels of government including Federal, State, County, Regional, and City/Town. · US Bureau of the Census Home Page · US Department of Treasury · US Department Of Commerce · US Department of the Interior

415 · US Foreign Aid (US Agency for International Development, USAID) · US International Affairs information from the US Department of State. · US Library of Congress · US Tax History Project is established by Tax Analysts in 1995 to provide scholars, policymakers, students, the media, and citizens with information about the history of American taxation. The project pursues its mission through a program of web-based documentary publication and original historical research. The Tax History Project is a division of Tax Analysts, a non-profit, non-partisan organization fostering open debate on federal, state, and international tax policy. · The home page of the Joint Economic Committee of Congress provides a complete listing of all JEC papers released in the 104th and 105th Congress. In addition to information about events, news, hearings, reports etc., the JEC home page has numerous links to useful economic and government sites. · Economic Reports of the President · The US Securities and Exchange Commission provides corporate filings, SEC policy initiatives, enforcement actions and other material. · The Complete WorldWide Tax and Finance Site deals with taxation and financial subjects. It is constructed according to countries. The site is dedicated to managers and business people at all levels. Most of the material is provided free of charge. · National Archives and Records Administration provides a database of descriptions of various NARA holdings nationwide. The NARA mission is to ensure ready access to the essential evidence that documents the rights of American citizens, the actions of federal officials, and the national experience. In addition, some of the description have links to digital copies of the documents being described. · Legal Material Organized by Legal Topic (Constitutional Law, Copyright ...) from the Legal Information Institute at the Cornell Law School · RAND is a nonprofit institution helping to improve public policy through research and analysis.

EUROPEAN GOVERNMENT European Union · EUROPA is a European Commission service offering information on the European Union’s goals, institutions and policies. · The DG II - European Union Economic and Financial Affairs pages contain Euro exchange rates and yield curve, Documents and Publications, Selected statistical information (from Eurostat) and Press Releases from the Commission and other institutions. Nordic Countries · Information from the Nordic Pages on Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. · News from Finland from the Council of State of Finland. · Tilastokeskus (Statistics Finland) · Tilastotietoja Suomen kansantaloudesta (Links to Statistical Information on the Finnish Economy).

416 Switzerland · The Swiss Government

UK · HM Treasury in UK (policy, indicators, news, publications ...) · Directgov provides titles of all UK government organisations who have pages on the World Wide Web. Russia · The World-Wide Web Virtual Library: REESweb: Russian and East European Studies · Russian and East European Network Information Center - REENIC - is a collection of links to websites with information about East and Central Europe, Russia, and the newly independent countries of the former Soviet Union. REENIC is supported by The University of Texas at Austin. Public Economics Publications · The International Budget Project of the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities contains among other information a library of over 100 documents. A collection of links is available too. · The Independent Review: A Journal of Political Economy · RePEc (Research Papers in Economics) is a collaborative effort to enhance the dissemination of research in economics. The heart of the project is a decentralized database of working papers, journal articles and software components. All RePEc material is freely available. · NEP in Public Economics is a part of an announcement service which filters information on new releases of working papers into edited reports. These reports are generated by subject- specific editors and are circulated via email. The goal of the NEP project and the associated announcement lists is to provide subscribers with up-to-date information on new additions to the research literature. · An index of Public Economics Working Paper information is found via ideasH · EconWPA hosts Working Papers in Public Economics Public Economics Communication · Mailing Lists in Public Economics are listed and described in RFE. · The RePEc Author Service (RAS) aims to link economists with their research output in the RePEc bibliographic database. · A database of Conference Calls organized by subject area is maintained at Inomics Courses in Public Economics

Sveikatos ir gerovës ekonomika

Social Security and Public Pensions · The International Pensions Research Network (IPRN) integrates economics, finance and actuarial science to produce and dissemminate leading edge research on pensions and related social insurance issues associated with an ageing population. · The US Social Security Online provides a list of Social Security Web Sites Around the World

417 Security, Conflict, War and Peace · Economists Allied for Arms Reduction (ECAAR) is an organization for intellectual exchange among economists concerned with issues related to peace, conflict resolution, international security, arms control, conversion, military technology, and national military budgets. Through these efforts, ECAAR intends to contribute to decision-making processes. The purpose of ECAAR Links page is to point professional economists and others to web sites related to the economics of conflict, war, and peace. · ISN - International Relations and Security Network - is an electronic clearinghouse for resources and institutions in the field of international relations and security studies. It is run by the Center for Security Policy and Conflict Research at the ETH Zurich, Switzerland. ISN hosts also the WWW Virtual Library in International Security. · The StratNet is a project of the Strategic Studies Program at the University of Calgary in Alberta, Canada. It is designed to provide academics, students, researchers, government officials and the general public with a research tool in the areas of Strategic Studies, Security, International Relations and Politics. The StratLink consists of links to International Relations, Military, Political, Security and Strategic Studies web resources from around the world grouped into sections. · The Intelligence and CounterIntelligence pages provided by Korea WebWeekly contain links to Intelligence and Defence related sites. · SIPRI Yearbooks: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security. · The War and Peace and Security WWW Server provides a catalogue of books and access to periodical indexes, full-text periodicals and defence publications. · Office of the Director of Central Intelligence in the US World Wide Web Site. · The US National Security Agency (NSA) provides information about its mission and activities. NSA collects and processes foreign signals intelligence and it is also responsible for providing leadership, products and services to protect classified and unclassified national security systems against exploitation or intelligence threats. The NSA homepage contains an on-line tour through NSA’s National Cryptologic Museum - with a sample of exhibits which chronicle American cryptology. Health Economics Collections · Health Economics at Open Directory · Health Resources from Yahoo · Health Economics links found in google · Jeeves knows also about Health Economics Health Economics Institutions · Economics Departments in Health Economics and Economics Departments in Welfare Economics are listed in EDIRC · Economics Associations and Societies are listed in EDIRC · Health Statistics from the US National Center for Health Statistics. It leads to some free online data, including press releases and other documents. Also leads to information on materials that are available electronically or in print for a fee. Some free downloadable files are in Acrobat PDF.

418 · Personal Social Services Research Unit at the University of Kent at Canterbury, UK. Its mission is policy research and analysis on equity and efficiency, and so of resources, needs and outcomes in community and long-term care and related areas. Health Economics Publications · World Health Report, WHO, Geneva · The Economics of Health Care interactive e_source is aimed at post-16 students of economic courses, although it contains much that should also be of interest to anyone wishing to understand the basic principles of health care economics. · American Medical Association offers weekly news for the medical industry and links to International Medical Resources. · British Medical Journal articles on the Internet · RePEc (Research Papers in Economics) is a collaborative effort to enhance the dissemination of research in economics. The heart of the project is a decentralized database of working papers, journal articles and software components. All RePEc material is freely available. · NEP in Health Economics is a part of an announcement service which filters information on new releases of working papers into edited reports. These reports are generated by subject- specific editors and are circulated via email. The goal of the NEP project and the associated announcement lists is to provide subscribers with up-to-date information on new additions to the research literature. · An Index of Health and Welfare related Working Paper information is found via ideasI · EconWPA hosts Working Papers in Health and Welfare Health Economics Communication · Mailing Lists in Health Economics are listed and described in RFE. · The RePEc Author Service (RAS) aims to link economists with their research output in the RePEc bibliographic database. · A database of Conference Calls organized by subject area is maintained at Inomics Health Economics: Other · All the Virology on the WWW is a list of resources for General Virology, Specific Viruses, Microbiology, AIDS, Emerging Viruses, Electronic Journals, Scientific Societies, Patent and Legal Information, Government Sites and more. This page is maintained through the Garry Lab at Tulane University School of Medicine in New Orleans. · The Harvard University and the National Institute for Social Science Information (NISSI) provide the Smart Library on Urban Poverty. This site provides news and scholarly work concerning urban economies, communities, families and poverty. · A multi-purpose site for sociologist - SocioSite - is designed from a Dutch perspective, but with a European and and world wide horizon.

Darbo ir demografijos ekonomika

Labor and Demographics Collections · WWW Virtual Library in Labour History is maintained by the International Institute of Social History.

419 · Guide to Labor Oriented Internet Resources collected and organized by subject by the Institute of Industrial Relations Library, University of California, Berkeley, USA. The site includes labor unions, international organizations, labor studies programs and labor libraries. · The Labour Economics Gateway. Jacques Brosius collects resources on the Internet that are of interest to labour economists. · workindex is a linklist to workplace-related Web sites on the Internet. Workindex.com is produced by the publishers of Human Resource Executive magazine, in cooperation with Cornell University’s School of Industrial Labor Relations. · wages.com.au aims to provide you with easy access to information concerning up to date wages and other material relating to industrial relations. · The Program in Labor Studies at The George Washington University has set up a page, GWU Program in Labor Studies Labor Links, with links to sites that address general labor economics issues and selected policy issues including affirmative action, child care and welfare reform. · The World-Wide Web Virtual Library: Demography and Population Studies is maintained by Diana Crow. · Inomics EconDirectory - Labor Economics · Labor and Demographics links found in google · Jeeves knows about Labor and Demographics too Labor and Demographics Institutions · Economics Departments in Labor and Demographics are listed in EDIRC · Economics Associations and Societies are listed in EDIRC · The theme of the Canadian International Labour Network’s research is “Labour Market Institutions and Outcomes: A Cross-National Study”. Its investigations will focus on the effects of labour-market laws and institutions on labour-market outcomes. · Center for Demography and Ecology from University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA, includes information on the center’s working papers, data library, and other resources. · NIDI - Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute is engaged in the study of population. NIDI research is characterized by its interdisciplinary approach and international orientation. The Institute’s pages contain The World Wide Web of Demography, an overview of demographic resources on the World Wide Web. The site includes also links to demographic research institutes and organizations, address lists, information resources, literature, conferences, software and data. Labor and Demographics Publications · International Labour Organization (ILO) publishes the International Labour Review that combines a global view with the results of analysis by economists, lawyers, sociologists, policy-makers and other experts on the many factors determining the level, quality and distribution of employment. · Human Development Reports by the United Nations Development Programme contain analyses of major issues and updated Human Development Indicators that compare the relative levels of human development of over 175 countries. · Population Index on the Web from Princeton University, published since 1935, is a reference tool to the world’s population literature. Population Index is the primary reference tool to the

420 world’s population literature. It presents an annotated bibliography of recently published books, journal articles, working papers, and other materials on population topics. This website provides a searchable and browsable database containing 46,035 abstracts of demographic literature published in Population Index in the period 1986-2000. · RePEc (Research Papers in Economics) is a collaborative effort to enhance the dissemination of research in economics. The heart of the project is a decentralized database of working papers, journal articles and software components. All RePEc material is freely available. · NEP in Labor Economics is a part of an announcement service which filters information on new releases of working papers into edited reports. These reports are generated by subject- specific editors and are circulated via email. The goal of the NEP project and the associated announcement lists is to provide subscribers with up-to-date information on new additions to the research literature. · An index of Labor and Demographics related Working Paper information is found via ideasJ · EconWPA hosts Working Papers in Labor and Demographics for Economists Labor and Demographics Data · The US Bureau of Labor Statistics provides data. See for example Economy at a Glance’ and the news section. · USA Demographic Data Viewer from SEDAC & CIESIN. The DDViewer allows the user to create maps at a multitude of geographic resolutions. Labor and Demographics Communication · Mailing Lists in Labor and Demographics are listed and described in RFE. · The RePEc Author Service (RAS) aims to link economists with their research output in the RePEc bibliographic database. · A database of Conference Calls organized by subject area is maintained at Inomics

Ekonominës teisës aspektai

Law and Economics Guides · Law and Economics Resources from FindLaw include information and links about Encyclopedia, Working Papers, Bibliographies, Mailing Lists, Journals and Book Publishers, Government Resources, Associations, Directories, Consultants, Economic Resources, Universities and Schools in the subject area. Law and Economics Collections · Lex Mercatoria, the international trade and commercial law monitor, provides extensive international law links and materials free of charge. · The WWW Virtual Library - Arbitration is devoted to International Arbitration, Commercial Arbitration, ‘ADR’, Mediation, Conciliation and other methods of private dispute resolution. · International Economic Law Group of the American Society of International Law provides links to International Economic Law Web Resources. · The material within the World Wide Web Virtual Library in Law is organized topically and is searchable as well.

421 · Netlaw Library is a directory with sites on the internet related to netlaw. · Washlaw WEB from Washburn University School of Law Library links to law related resources (US oriented) on the Internet. In addition to specialized subject areas, information about Law Schools and Law Libraries is available. You can search “full text” for the law and law journals, as well as browse law library catalogs. The Law Library hosts many law related web servers and listserv discussion groups. · The University of Saarland, Germany hosts a Law Related Internet Project that links to internet resources about German law offered in Saarbrücken and a wide range of other sites around the world. Another index of internet resources offers a guide to the best legal sites all over Europe, and is sorted by country. It also includes a selection of resources on legal history. · Law and Economics links found in google · Jeeves knows also about Law and Economics Law and Economics Institutions · Economics Departments in Law and Economics are listed in EDIRC · Economics Associations and Societies are listed in EDIRC · Law and Economics Associations are listed in FindLaw. Law and Economics Publications · FedWorld/FLITE, USA, provides access to all 7,000+ Older US Supreme Court Decisions from 1937 to 1975. These include decisions from volumes 300 through 422 of U.S. Reports (the Official federal government reporter of U.S. Supreme Court Decisions). The cases can be searched by keyword or by names of parties. · The EUR-Lex provides up-to-date information on European (Union) legislation. · The Encyclopedia of Law and Economics attempts to provide a survey of the whole law & economics literature. Each entry contains two elements: a review of the literature, written by an authority in the field, followed a quasi complete bibliography (not just a selection) · RePEc (Research Papers in Economics) is a collaborative effort to enhance the dissemination of research in economics. The heart of the project is a decentralized database of working papers, journal articles and software components. All RePEc material is freely available. · NEP in Law and Economics is a part of an announcement service which filters information on new releases of working papers into edited reports. These reports are generated by subject- specific editors and are circulated via email. The goal of the NEP project and the associated announcement lists is to provide subscribers with up-to-date information on new additions to the research literature. · An index of Law and Economics related Working Paper information is found via ideasK · EconWPA hosts Working Papers in Law and Economics Law and Economics Communication · Mailing Lists in Law and Economics are listed and described in RFE. · The RePEc Author Service (RAS) aims to link economists with their research output in the RePEc bibliographic database. · A database of Conference Calls organized by subject area is maintained at Inomics

422 Pramonës organizacijos

Industrial Organization Collections · The Action Without Borders provides a listing of Best Nonprofit Guides on the Web for resources on managing and funding a nonprofit organization. · Industrial Organization links found in google · Jeeves knows about Industrial Organization too · The NonProfit Gateway is designed as a central starting point to help nonprofit organizations access online Federal (US) information and services. Linked to all Cabinet Departments and many agencies, it contains information about grants, regulations, taxes, and other services as well as information on a wide range of other topics and programs. Industrial Organization Institutions · Economics Departments in Industrial Economics are listed in EDIRC · Economics Associations and Societies are listed in EDIRC Industrial Organization Publications · RePEc (Research Papers in Economics) is a collaborative effort to enhance the dissemination of research in economics. The heart of the project is a decentralized database of working papers, journal articles and software components. All RePEc material is freely available. · NEP in Industrial Organization is a part of an announcement service which filters information on new releases of working papers into edited reports. These reports are generated by subject-specific editors and are circulated via email. The goal of the NEP project and the associated announcement lists is to provide subscribers with up-to-date information on new additions to the research literature. · An index of Industrial Organization related Working Paper information is found via ideasL · EconWPA hosts Working Papers in Industrial Organization Industrial Organization News See also news sources in General Economics Industrial Organization Communication · Mailing Lists in Industrial Organization are listed and described in RFE. · The RePEc Author Service (RAS) aims to link economists with their research output in the RePEc bibliographic database. · A database of Conference Calls organized by subject area is maintained at Inomics

Verslo ekonomika

Business Economics Collections · In the Business.com websites have been annotated. · Business Researchers Interests: The Business and Management and Technology Portal is a searchable knowledge map of Contemporary Business, Management and Information Technology issues. It provides access to of full-text articles & papers, magazines & journals, case studies and tools, and other resources on issues of interest to professionals in the field.

423 · Business Education on the Internet (Biz/Ed) is a free business and economics information gateway for students, teachers and lecturers. · Accounting Education site is an British ‘information filter’ for academic accountants includeding: daily news, journals list, events etc. · Business Economics links found in google · Jeeves knows also about Business Economics Business Economics Institutions · Economics Departments by subject area are listed in EDIRC · Economics Associations and Societies are listed in EDIRC · The Applied Business Ethics Resources are hosted on EthicsWeb.ca. Business Economics Publications · Strategis - Industry Canada Online includes information on companies, trade and investment, economic analysis and statistics, licences, legislation and regulations, employment and learning resources and finally consumer information. See also the Canadian Business Map. · Web Resources from Louisiana State University Libraries. · A Latin World - Latin America on the Net is a directory of Internet resources on Latin America and the Caribbean. It contains information about the region and its people. · Economy in Latin America is a page at UT LANIC (Latin American Network Information Center) and it is divided into three sections: Academic Research Resources including economic publications and research centers in Latin America, Macroeconomic Data Resources, that compiles a list of institutions that produce economic data, and economy-related News & Magazines. · Biblioteca de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales provides a selection of economics and business sites all around the world. The service is specialized in spanish sites on public administration and business and economics. · The Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade provides in-depth reports on international economic and commercial developments, including foreign country fact sheets and TradeWatch (which provides Australian businesses with current information about the international trade and investment environment. · Keidanren Home Page - Japanese big business contacts info. The Keidanren is the principal association representing Japanese big business and government. · The Office of Advocacy in the U.S. Small Business Administration provides general small business reports and data (or firm size studies) in Industrial Organization. The topics cover demographics, finance, labor, etc. In addition, unique annual firm size data by industry and location (state and metropolitan statistical area) is also available. · NEP is an announcement service which filters information on new releases of working papers into edited reports. These reports are generated by subject-specific editors and are circulated via email. The goal of the NEP project and the associated announcement lists is to provide subscribers with up-to-date information on new additions to the research literature. · An index of Business Economics related Working Paper information is found via ideasM Business Economics News See also news sources in General Economics

424 · German Institute of Economic Research Economic Bulletin · Scandinavia Now is a direct newslink to Scandinavian business. · Virtual Finland: Newsroom Finland · St. Petersburg Times - Russian News is a source of information for Russian business news. · Interfax News Agency (News and Reports from the Russian Federation) provides free samples of today’s and industry news. · Africa: USAfrica is an African-owned, US-based professional newspaper serves business and public policy individuals and organizations seeking news, trends and events with implications and interests for the United States and Africa constituencies. · Business Arena of Israel · Asia Inc Online is an Asian-owned magazine edited by Asians and Asian specialists. · Far Eastern Economic Review Interactive Edition · Business Review Weekly, Australia · India - Regional Newspapers · Korea Economic Daily · Toronto Globe and Mail · United States Commerce Business Daily (CBD) from Loren Data Corp. · Fortune · Nashville Business Journal Online · Gazeta Mercantil Online, a Brazilian newspaper covers economics, business, political and financial news. Business Economics Communication · Mailing Lists in Business Economics are listed and described in RFE. · The RePEc Author Service (RAS) aims to link economists with their research output in the RePEc bibliographic database. · A database of Conference Calls organized by subject area is maintained at Inomics Business Economics Courses · Educational web pages in Business Economics

Ekonominë istorija

Collections in Economic History · Economic and Business History WWW Virtual Library · EH.Net operates the Economic History Services fileserver and several electronic discussion lists to provide resources and promote communication among scholars in economic history and related fields. The site contains among other services a Calendar of Events. · Labour and Business History WWW Virtual Library provides links to archives, libraries, museums, research institutions and resources in the field of labour and business history worldwide. · Inomics EconDirectory - Economic History

425 · Economic History links found in google · Jeeves knows about Economic History too Institutions in Economic History · Economics Departments in Economic History are listed in EDIRC · Economics Associations and Societies are listed in EDIRC Publications in Economic History · Economic History Services by the Cliometric Society (EH.Net Lists, Data Files, Book Reviews, Syllabi ...) · Classic Works in Economics and Political Economy, a list collected by John Kane. · World History Archives are repository for documents for teaching and understanding contemporary world history and the struggle for social progress. · RePEc (Research Papers in Economics) is a collaborative effort to enhance the dissemination of research in economics. The heart of the project is a decentralized database of working papers, journal articles and software components. All RePEc material is freely available. · NEP in History is a part of an announcement service which filters information on new releases of working papers into edited reports. These reports are generated by subject-specific editors and are circulated via email. The goal of the NEP project and the associated announcement lists is to provide subscribers with up-to-date information on new additions to the research literature. · An index of Economic History related Working Paper information is found via ideasN · EconWPA hosts Working Papers in Economic History Communication in Economic History · Information on HES, the electronic mailing list of the History of Economics Society. · Mailing Lists in Economic History are listed and described in RFE. · H-AFRICA Home Page is a part of the Humanities OnLine initiative. H-AFRICA is the H-Net discussion list dealing with the culture and history of the continent of Africa. · The RePEc Author Service (RAS) aims to link economists with their research output in the RePEc bibliographic database. · A database of Conference Calls organized by subject area is maintained at Inomics

Ekonominë plëtra, technologiniai pokyèiai ir augimas

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Collections in Economic Development · PRAXIS: Resources for Social and Economic Development provides access to an array of archival resources on international and comparative social development. PRAXIS has been designed for social work educators and students with international interests in addition to other educators and students who require assistance in locating resources on social and economic development. · WWW Virtual Library in Sustainable Development provides sustainable development resources on the internet, sorted by type.

426 · Virtual Library on International Development is a collection of links to international development resources on the Internet. The site is maintained by the International Development Information Centre (IDIC) of the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) · The Development Resource Centre (NZ) provides links to development related international resources, especially in the South Pacific. The DRC is a specialist information and education centre in New Zealand providing information, training and consultancy services on development issues and practice. · The library of the Development and Project Planning Centre at the University of Bradford provides links to Electronic Sources in Development Studies. · The Social Capital Gateway provides useful resources for all researchers interested in this topic, and to promote discussion and ideas exchange on social capital. · Economic Development links found in google · Jeeves knows also about Economic Development Institutions in Economic Development · Economics Departments in Economic Development are listed in EDIRC · Economics Associations and Societies are listed in EDIRC · The World Bank Group: Development Topics - Economics and Trade page includes Publications, Related Topics, Data and Research. · The Asian Development Bank, a development finance institution consisting of 56 members, is engaged in promoting the economic and social progress of its developing member countries in the Asian and Pacific region. t · The Interamerican Development Bank provides statistics and publications related to social, economical, financial index of the Latin American and Caribbean countries. Their IDB Sustainable Development Department (SDS) web site includes the full-text of publications covering issues such as human resources and social development; environment and natural resources; and infrastructure, financial markets and private enterprise development. The web site also includes information on events, links to related sites, news bulletins, information on staff and consultants, and general information on sustainable development. · The William Davidson Institute is a non-profit, independent, research and educational institute located at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, dedicated to developing and disseminating expertise on issues affecting firms in transition economies. The website highlights their global projects, on-going research, and regional initiatives. The working paper series is a valuable tool both for those in the academic and business communities, and is available online free-of- charge. Publications in Economic Development · The World Bank’s annual World Development Report (WDR) is a guide to the economic, social and environmental state of the world. Each year the WDR provides analysis of a specific aspect of development. Past reports have considered such topics as the role of the state, transition economies, labor, infrastructure, health, the environment, and poverty. · Finance and Development is a quarterly magazine jointly published by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. · RRojas Databank is created and managed by Dr. Róbinson Rojas. This academic site

427 promotes excellence in teaching and researching economics and development, and the advancing of understanding, learning and knowledge. · The Developing Economies is an English-language bulletin carrying articles on the economic development of Japan and the developing countries, etc. · RePEc (Research Papers in Economics) is a collaborative effort to enhance the dissemination of research in economics. The heart of the project is a decentralized database of working papers, journal articles and software components. All RePEc material is freely available. · NEP in Development is an announcement service which filters information on new releases of working papers into edited reports. These reports are generated by subject-specific editors and are circulated via email. The goal of the NEP project and the associated announcement lists is to provide subscribers with up-to-date information on new additions to the research literature. · An index of Economic Development related Working Paper information is found via ideasO · EconWPA hosts Working Papers in Economic Development News in Economic Development See also news sources in General Economics Communication in Economic Development · Mailing Lists Economic Development are listed and described in RFE. · The RePEc Author Service (RAS) aims to link economists with their research output in the RePEc bibliographic database. · A database of Conference Calls organized by subject area is maintained at Inomics

TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE Collections in Technological Change · Technological Change links found in google · Jeeves knows also about Technological Change Institutions in Technological Change · Economics Departments are listed in EDIRC · Economics Associations and Societies are listed in EDIRC · CORDIS, EU Community Research and Development Information Service, represents a central source of information for any organisation wishing to participate in the exploitation of research results, participate in EU funded science and technology programmes and/or seek partnerships. CORDIS holds key information on all EU research activities. · PREST - Policy Research in Engineering, Science & Technology - is an institute of the Unversity of Manchester (situated in the Faculty of Economics and Social Studies) engage in research and teaching in the areas of science, technology and innovation policy, the economics of technological change, and the management of technology. Publications in Technological Change · Statistical Reports on U.S. science and engineering available on-line from NSF’s Division of Science Resources Studies. Nearly all reports produced by the Division are available in their entirety. Topics covered include: the education of scientists and engineers, the science and

428 engineering workforce, research and development expenditures and performance, science and technology outputs and impacts, and public attitudes toward science and technology issues. Data are provided for the United States, often with comparisons to other countries. Some data are provided by state, and some by academic institution. · NEP is an announcement service which filters information on new releases of working papers into edited reports. These reports are generated by subject-specific editors and are circulated via email. See especially nep-evo (Evolutionary Economics) and nep-tid (Technology and Industry Dynamics). The goal of the NEP project and the associated announcement lists is to provide subscribers with up-to-date information on new additions to the research literature. · An index of Technological Change related Working Paper information is found via ideasO · EconWPA hosts Working Papers in Technological Change Communication in Technological Change · Mailing Lists by subject area are listed and described in RFE. · The RePEc Author Service (RAS) aims to link economists with their research output in the RePEc bibliographic database. · A database of Conference Calls organized by subject area is maintained at Inomics

GROWTH Collections in Economic Growth ·A Guide to Economic Growth Resources by Jonathan Temple, Nuffield College, Oxford, England. · Growth and Google Publications in Economic Growth · The Macroeconomics and Growth site of the World Bank features recent research by World Bank staff working in the broad area of macroeconomics and economic growth. · NEP is an announcement service which filters information on new releases of working papers into edited reports. These reports are generated by subject-specific editors and are circulated via email. The goal of the NEP project and the associated announcement lists is to provide subscribers with up-to-date information on new additions to the research literature. · An index of Economic Growth related Working Paper information is found via ideasO · EconWPA hosts Working Papers in Economic Growth Communication in Economic Growth · Mailing Lists in Economic Growth are listed and described in RFE. · The RePEc Author Service (RAS) aims to link economists with their research output in the RePEc bibliographic database. · A database of Conference Calls organized by subject area is maintained at Inomics

429 Ekonominës sistemos

Collections in Economic Systems · Inomics EconDirectory - Economic Systems · Economic Systems links found in google · Jeeves knows about Economic Systems too Institutions in Economic Systems · Economics Departments are listed in EDIRC · Economics Associations and Societies are listed in EDIRC Publications in Economic Systems · www capitalism org includes information on foundations of capitalism, e-mail list and the Capitalism Magazine. The purpose in creating this site is to promote capitalism as the ideal social system. · The Marxism Pages were developed and are maintained by Rick Kuhn. The site includes the Communist Manifesto, other marxist classics, Marxist politics and contemporary Marxist material. · Capitalism and Nature and Socialism (CNS) is an international journal of theory and politics which combines the themes of history and nature; workplace, labor, and class struggle and land, community, and community struggle; and economics and ecology. · Working Class Movement Library (WCML) is a collection of English language material covering the history of working people since the late eighteenth century. This includes social, political, economic and cultural categories and also material on enemies of the organised working class. Most of the material is concerned with Britain and Ireland, but there are sections pertaining to many other countries. Books and other items (pamphlets, trade union records, etc.) are searchable from the database. · LaborNet includes an Directory of Labor Unions on the Internet. · NEP is an announcement service which filters information on new releases of working papers into edited reports. These reports are generated by subject-specific editors and are circulated via email. The goal of the NEP project and the associated announcement lists is to provide subscribers with up-to-date information on new additions to the research literature. · An index of Economic Systems related Working Paper information is found via ideasP · EconWPA hosts Working Papers in Economic Systems · A Quarterly Newsletter of Economic Indicators and Analysis, The Pulse of Capitalism, is a Web publication by the Commonwealth Institute. Communication in Economic Systems · Mailing Lists in Economic Systems are listed and described in RFE. · The RePEc Author Service (RAS) aims to link economists with their research output in the RePEc bibliographic database. · A database of Conference Calls organized by subject area is maintained at Inomics

430 Agrariniai ir gamtos ištekliai

AGRICULTURE Collections in Agriculture · Agricultural Economics links found in google · Jeeves knows also about Agricultural Economics Institutions in Agriculture · Economics Departments in Agricultural Economics are listed in EDIRC · Economics Associations and Societies are listed in EDIRC Publications in Agriculture · AgEcon Search: Research in Agricultural and Applied Economics is designed to index and electronically distribute full text reports of scholarly research in the field of agricultural and applied economics. · FAOSTAT - Statistical Database Gateway. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has a computerized World Agricultural Information Centre (WAICENT) providing access to FAO’s vast library of information on agriculture, fisheries, forestry, nutrition and rural development. · At the USDA Economics and Statistics System at Mann Library, Cornell University, you may browse or search titles and descriptions of reports and datasets from the economics agencies of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The materials cover U.S. and international agriculture and related topics. · Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness at the Louisiana State University Agricultural Center and Louisiana State University and A&M College, USA. Some reports available. · RePEc (Research Papers in Economics) is a collaborative effort to enhance the dissemination of research in economics. The heart of the project is a decentralized database of working papers, journal articles and software components. All RePEc material is freely available. · NEP in Agricultural Economics is a part of an announcement service which filters information on new releases of working papers into edited reports. These reports are generated by subject-specific editors and are circulated via email. The goal of the NEP project and the associated announcement lists is to provide subscribers with up-to-date information on new additions to the research literature. · An index of Agriculture related Working Paper information is found via ideasQ · EconWPA hosts Working Papers in Agricultural Economics Data in Agriculture · US and State census and agricultural economy data from Oregon State University. (USA Counties, Census of Agriculture, Imports/Exports, 1992 Economic Census). · US State Fact Sheets ERS, US Dept of Agriculture. The State Fact Sheets provide the most recently available farm and rural data compiled by the Economic Research Service (ERS), USDA. The State Fact Sheets provide 2 pages of facts for each state and also a summary fact sheet for the United States.Included are data on population, jobs, income and poverty, and farms.The data comes from a variety of sources including the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Bureau of Economic Analysis, the Bureau of the Census, and ERS.

431 Communication in Agriculture · Mailing Lists in Agricultural Economics are listed and described in RFE. · The RePEc Author Service (RAS) aims to link economists with their research output in the RePEc bibliographic database. · A database of Conference Calls organized by subject area is maintained at Inomics

Aplinkosauga

Collections in Environment · Natural Resources Research Information Pages is a collection of links to natural resources (including forestry, wildlife, parks and protected areas, nature conservation, etc.) institutions, agencies, online catalogs, literature and research news. · International Arid Lands Consortium is an independent, nonprofit research organization supporting ecological sustainability in arid and semiarid lands worldwide. The site includes information about jobs, conferences, workshops, publications and news of interest to arid lands researchers, natural resources managers and policy makers, lists of arid lands web sites, directory of arid lands researchers at IALC Member institutionsa and current research projects. · WWW Virtual Library in Forestry includes categories from Afforestation to Wood & Woodworking and two independent sub-sections. One for Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding and another for Forest Soils and Substrates. · Centre for Economic Social Studies for the Environment from Univ. of Brussels, Belgium does research on sustainable development indicators, socio-economic aspects of the environment, and related information systems. Links to sites on environment and pollution, growth and economic development, general and industrial economics, energy, costs-benefit analyses, depollution, impact assesment, environmental externalities, databases. The site includes a listing of the Best environmental directories and the WWW Virtual Library in Sustainable Development · The Environmental Organization WebDirectory contains a listing of Web sources in category Business and Environmental Economics. · Environmental Economics Glossary · Environmental Economics links found in google · Jeeves knows about Environmental Economics too · Environmental Economics links via Alta Vista Institutions in Environment · Economics Departments in Resource and Environmental Economics are listed in EDIRC · Economics Associations and Societies are listed in EDIRC · Resources for the Future conducts basic and applied economic research and policy analysis to help people understand and make better decisions about the conservation and use of natural and environmental resources. Publications in Environment · Australia New Zealand Society for Ecological Economics provides a focus in the Australasian region for activities in ecological economics. The site provides a listing of Online Ecological

432 Economics Publications. · Bibliography of sources in green or environmental accounting by Gernot Wagner. Links to groups and people working in the field. · The Global Warming International Center publishes the World Resource Review (WRR), which is an international refereed journal devoted wholly to scientific and policy studies of Global Warming, World Resource Management, and Global Change. · The International Corporate Environmental Reporting Site collects information on environmental reporting of companies. It offers news, discussion board and many links to articles, awards, reports. · Natural Resources Canada provides vast amounts of information on the subject (reports, maps, photos etc.) · Ambio is a nonprofit publication of the human environment published by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. AMBIO addresses the scientific, social, economic, and cultural factors that influence the condition of the human environment. Communication in Environment · Mailing Lists by subject area are listed and described in RFE. · The RePEc Author Service (RAS) aims to link economists with their research output in the RePEc bibliographic database. · A database of Conference Calls organized by subject area is maintained at Inomics

COURSES IN ENVIRONMENT Nonrenewable Resources · Oil OnLine, based in Houston, Texas, is a service where you can check stocks, access late breaking industry news, view rig counts, research industry data, etc. Energy · PIENet - Australian Primary Industries and Energy Network from Department of Primary Industries and Energy, Australia. PIENet is the main entry point to electronic information provided by DPIE, portfolio organisations and associated agencies on australian agriculture, economic research, energy, environment, fisheries, forestry, geoscience, and quarantine. PIENet also contains a comprehensive catalogue of Australian electronic information on primary and resource industries.

Regininë ekonomika

Collections in Regional Economics · Regional Economics related items in WebEc (on this page) · Regional Economics links found in google · Jeeves knows also about Regional Economics Institutions in Regional Economics · Economics Departments in Regional and Urban Economics and Real Estate are listed in EDIRC · Economics Associations and Societies are listed by Christian Zimmerman

433 Publications in Regional Economics · The (BTS) Bureau of Transportation Statistics (US) National Transportation Library is a repository of documents and databases provided from throughout the transportation community around the country. · China Perspectives is the English-language edition of Perspectives Chinoises, which began publication in 1992. With articles written by CEFC’s own research staff and affiliated specialists as well as internationally renowned scholars, it provides a picture of social, political and economic developments in the People’s Republic, Taiwan and Hong Kong. · Estudios Económicos Regionales y Sectoriales · RePEc (Research Papers in Economics) is a collaborative effort to enhance the dissemination of research in economics. The heart of the project is a decentralized database of working papers, journal articles and software components. All RePEc material is freely available. · NEP in Regional Economics is a part of an announcement service which filters information on new releases of working papers into edited reports. These reports are generated by subject- specific editors and are circulated via email. The goal of the NEP project and the associated announcement lists is to provide subscribers with up-to-date information on new additions to the research literature. · An index of Regional Economics related Working Paper information is found via ideasR · EconWPA hosts Working papers in Regional Economics Data in Regional Economics · The Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) at the US Department of Transportation provide transportation related information and statistics for the transportation research and planning communities. · The Seaports Infopages is the official web site of the AAPA and will be of interest to everyone involved in International Trade and/or the Maritime Transportation Industry. The 1996 AAPA directory, contains the “Seaports of the Americas”, the AAPA’s official and authoritative guide to the seaports, port authorities & port services companies of the Western Hemisphere. The site offers external seaports related links. · The Geospatial and Statistical Data Center (Geostat) maintains interactive data resources via the WWW. A wide variety of (mostly USA) Demographic, Social, and Economic variables are presented for Counties, Cities, Places, and States. Restricted entry for many databases. · U.S. Bureau of the Census’ Housing and Household Economic Statistics Division provides US data (Health Insurance, Income, Labor Force, Occupation, Poverty) on their site. · The US Geological Survey provides the Nation with reliable, impartial information to describe and understand the Earth. The site hosts downloadable factsheets. Communication in Regional Economics · Mailing Lists in Regional Economics are listed and described in RFE. · The RePEc Author Service (RAS) aims to link economists with their research output in the RePEc bibliographic database. · A database of Conference Calls organized by subject area is maintained at Inomics Economics of Networks

434 Tinklinë ekonomika

· At the Internet Site for the Economics of Networks (by Nicholas Economides) you will find a collection of information on economic issues of networks, such as the internet, telephone and fax communications networks, railroads etc. Also see the downloadable research papers, Dictionary of Terms in Network Economics and Bibliography on Network Economics. · The Formation of Economic and Social Networks site provides pointers to individual researchers and research groups concerned with the study of network formation and evolution in social and economic systems. · World Wide Web Virtual Library on Knowledge Management contains links to forums, articles, magazines, events, resources, analyses and news. Internet Economics · The Internet and Economics page maintained by Roy Davies. · The Netnomics Journal: Economic Research and Electronic Networking is intended to be an outlet for research in electronic networking and economics. · Erik Brynjolfsson’s homepage contains links to his publications and course materials. · MacKie-Mason, Jeff and Varian, Hal - Economic FAQs about the Internet 1995 Electronic Commerce · eCommerce Info Center is provides free access to eCommerce info, services and products. · Learn about e-commerce on a self-study basis via the E-Commerce Learning Center. The site is maintained by Michael Rappa from the NC State University, USA .

Tarptautinë ekonomika

INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS AND AFFAIRS International Economics Collections · The WWW Virtual Library: International Affairs Resources presents annotated links in international affairs topics. Sites are chosen because of long-term value, and are described in general terms. The listed services are gateway sites, have internal search engines, or are content-rich. · ISN - International Relations and Security Network - is an electronic clearinghouse for resources and institutions in the field of international relations and security studies. It is run by the Center for Security Policy and Conflict Research at the ETH Zurich, Switzerland. · Canadian Institute of International Affairs lists Links to Other Sites on International Relations (conferences, government, international law, non-governmental organizations, journals, magazines, news, discussion lists, libraries and databases). · Inomics EconDirectory - International Economics · International Economics links found in google · Jeeves knows also about International Economics International Economics Institutions · Economics Departments and Research Centers in International Economics are listed in EDIRC

435 International Economics Publications · The annual Global Competitiveness Report is a research and publishing activity of the World Economic Forum. The core of the report is a ranking of the world’s largest economies based on their competitiveness with an analysis of their comparative strengths and weaknesses. · Country Studies and Area Handbooks is a continuing series of books prepared by the Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress under the Country Studies/Area Handbook Program. Most books in the series deal with a particular foreign country, describing and analyzing its political, economic, social, and national security systems and institutions. · UNCTAD (The secretariat of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) prepares a number of studies, analyses and reports on diverse aspects of international economic relations: trade, finance,investment, technology, globalization, growth and development. Most documents can be viewed in full text form in English. · Numeric Data for UN Information is gathered at Yale University. International Economics News See also news sources in General Economics International Economics Communication · Mailing Lists in International Economics are listed and described in RFE. · The RePEc Author Service (RAS) aims to link economists with their research output in the RePEc bibliographic database. · A database of Conference Calls organized by subject area is maintained at Inomics. International Economics Courses · Educational web pages in International Economics

INTERNATIONAL TRADE International Trade Collections · International Trade links in NBR from the Nijenrode University, the Netherlands Business School · The US Bureau of the Census collects Foreign Trade Statistics.

INTERNATIONAL TRADE INSTITUTIONS International Trade Publications · US Department Of Commerce Information Services · The World Bank New Trade Group provides their working papers and other publications. · NEP in International Economics (see related NEP-categories) are a part of an announcement service which filters information on new releases of working papers into edited reports. These reports are generated by subject-specific editors and are circulated via email. The goal of the NEP project and the associated announcement lists is to provide subscribers with up-to-date information on new additions to the research literature. · An index of International Economics related Working Paper information is found via ideasF · EconWPA stores electronic Working Papers in International Trade International Trade Data

436 · Bureau of Economic Analysis BEA, an agency of the U.S. Department of Commerce, is the nation’s economic accountant, preparing estimates that illuminate key national, international, and regional aspects of the U.S. economy. · Main Data Bank from the US Bureau of the Census includes US International Trade Statistics. Commercial Policy · Global Trade Negotiations Home Page maintained at Harvard University’s Center for International Development, is a repository of information, analysis and research on all aspects of the international trading system. · WashLawWeb provides users with links to law-related materials on the Internet. The information is arranged by subject, by geographic location, and alphabetically. Many pages have full text searching of local as well as distant resources. Washburn University School of Law also hosts a large number of law-related Listserv discussion groups. Users can access the archives of those listservs, as well as other legal discussion groups and mailing lists at this web site. · The Fletcher School of Law & Diplomacy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts hosts the Multilaterals Project which is an ongoing project to make available the texts of international multilateral conventions and other instruments. · General Agreement on Tariffs And Trade guide from CIESIN Thematic Guides · For NAFTA related documents see Federal Government Documents which are hosted by the University of Missouri-St. Louis Libraries. See also the NAFTA Secretariat. · UTLink: University of Toronto G8 Information Centre provides G8 related information. · Free Trade Area of the Americas - FTAA · Treaty on European Union · International Trade and Commercial Law Monitor compiled by University of Tromsø, University of Oslo, Norway, and Pace University School of Law, White Plains NY, USA. · SICE: Foreign Trade Information System of the OAS provides full-text of trade agreements, investment treaties, and trade regulations and data provided by the countries of the Western Hemisphere and the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) process. Economic Intergration · World Wide Web Virtual Library: European Integration History Index · EuroInternet - Information Resources Related to European Integration on the Internet - is maintained by M. Nentwich. · European Economic Integration Homepage presents a starting point to researchers on European economic integration. It may be seen as a basic electronic archive of researcher web-sites, publications, homepages, course outlines, etc. related to the EEI. A special part of the page is dedicated to a list of publications on possible international effects of the introduction of the euro in EU countries. · The Accessing European Union Information -pages contain information about and links to other sites about EU. International Business and International Factor Movements · globalEDGE is an index of international business, marketing, trade resources on the WWW. It does not include commercial sites. It is maintained by the Michigan State University - Center for International Business Education and Research (CIBER).

437 · The World-Wide Web Virtual Library: Migration and Ethnic Relations is a collection of links to major Internet resources in the field of migration and ethnic relations. International Finance · EconWPA stores electronic working papers in related subject areas: International Finance Foreign Exchange · Foreign currency information on the Internet is collected by Institute of Finance and Banking at the University of Göttingen. · The Sydney Theoretical Research Institute provides (with full abstracts) literature on exchange rate target zones. The site includes a browsable and searchable WWW engine. It is designed to act as a central repository for work on exchange rate target zones. · The Global History of Currencies pages by Bryan Taylor contain information on the currencies of every country in the world, including countries that no longer exist. The introduction provides a brief overview of the changes in national currencies over time. This section also describes the system of coding for both country codes and for currency codes, how the ISO system works, and how we have changed the ISO system to create historical currency codes. The second section provides a history of each currency.

INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS International Organizations: Collections · International Organizations and Groups from CIA World Factbook’s Appendix. · The WWW Virtual Library: International Affairs Resources Individual Institutions · Official Web Site Locator for the UNITED NATIONS System of Organizations · UN Department of Public Information · United Nations Scholars Workstation Yale University, USA, provides a collection of digitized texts, finding aids, data sets, maps, and pointers to print and electronic information. Subject coverage includes disarmament, economic and social development, environment, human rights, international relations, international trade, peacekeeping, and population and demography. · The World Bank Group · World Bank Info Shop · World Bank publications · OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development) provides a lot of relevant online information on the site. · IMF (International Monetary Fund) provides access to IMF press releases, information on IMF lending, the complete text of the IMF’s Annual Report, Dissemination Standards Bulletin Board, World Economic Outlook, data and a range of other material about the IMF. Also a searchable directory of IMF publications is available. · WTO (World Trade Organization) provides valuable information on their site. · The G8 Information Centre site is devoted to past, present and future meetings of G7/G8.

438 Interneto þinynai

· CMC Information Sources: Internet Information Guides Listing by John December. · Internet FAQ Archives World Wide Web · W3C - World Wide Web Consortium · W3C’s home page for HTML. Here you will find pointers to W3C specifications for Hypertext Markup Language · Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) · Yale C/AIM WWW Style Manual Launch Pads to WWW/Internet Services · WWW Virtual Library · Yahoo · The WWW Virtual Library: Social Sciences · Social Science Information Gateway · Internet Public Library includes Social Sciences WWW Reference Material Internet Communication · LISTSERV information home page by Walter Shelby Group, Ltd. · A Beginner’s Guide to Effective Email · Netiquette · International Mail Accessibility · Master List of Newsgroup Hierarchies by Lewis S. Eisen

FINWEB FINWeb is a financial economics web site managed by James R. Garven, Ph.D. The primary objective of FINWeb is to list Internet resources providing substantive information concerning economics and finance-related topics. Please send electronic mail to [email protected] to add entries to FINWeb. Your comments, suggestions, complaints, etc. regarding any of the items appearing here are also welcome.

Elektroninës publikacijos

Journals • WebEc’s List of Economics Journals • Economics Research Network (ERN) Home Page • The Economics Research Network is dedicated to increasing communication among economics scholars, practitioners, and policymakers throughout the world. • Financial Economics Network (FEN) Home Page • The purpose of the Financial Economics Network is to increase and enhance communications among professionals interested in what is broadly defined as financial economics. • ECONbase Home Page

439 • ECONbase is an interactive and searchable database that allows searches for up-to-date information on new and published articles in 32 Elsevier/North-Holland economics journals. • Journal of Finance Home Page • The Journal of Finance is published under the auspices of The American Finance Association. • Journal of Financial Economics Home Page • Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis Home Page • Net Exposure - The Electronic Journal of Financial Risk • Journal of Applied Econometrics (Data archive) • Cambridge Journal of Economics (Tables of contents) • Review of Economic Studies (Contents) • Journal of Business and Economic Statistics (Data Archive) • RAND Journal of Economics (Abstracts) • Review of Economic Dynamics • Review of Financial Studies • Studies in Nonlinear Dynamics and Econometrics (SNDE) • SNDE is a peer reviewed, fully copyrighted, fee-based periodical hosted entirely on the Internet by the MIT Press and the Society for Nonlinear Dynamics and Econometrics. • International Journal of Intelligent Systems in Accounting, Finance and Management • Finance and Stochastics • Financial Executive Journal • This is a hypertext version of the Financial Executive Journal, which is published by NASDAQ. • Finance & Development • Finance & Development is a quarterly magazine that is jointly published by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. It publishes articles on a wide variety of topics in international economics and finance, with special emphasis on economic development. • Resources for Economists on the Internet • Here is a hypertext (and continuously updated) version of Bill Goffe’s excellent paper that appeared in the Summer 1994 issue of the Journal of Economic Perspectives. Virtually all of the resources described in Bill’s article are only a click away. Uncover — Index to 17,000 periodicals

Working Papers • Wharton Financial Institutions Center Working Paper Library • Economics Working Paper Archive (WPA) Web Server • This is a Web Server maintained by Professor Robert Parks at Washington University-St. Louis. The latest working papers by leading scholars in just about every specialty in economics are available here. • National Bureau of Economic Research • The NBER site allows users to search for particular NBER Working Papers and Reprints by keyword(s), author, title or paper number. It also has links to other economics-oriented information on the Internet.

440 • NetEc Archive • This site has three parts, BibEc, WoPEc and CodEc. BibEc is a bibliography of printed working papers in economics, including finance. There is data about over 35000 working papers from 250 institutions. WoPEc collects data about electronic working papers on various servers (including this one) so that they can be queried simultaneously. Finally CodEc is a collection of computer programmes and computational routines that are useful for economists.

Databases and Research Tools • International Directory of Finance and Economics Professionals — The purpose of this Web service is to provide a central directory of finance and economics researchers (and/or institutions) that can be easily searched. • Financial Time Series Modeling Packages from Duke University: • Efficient Method of Moments (EMM) • SemiNonParametric Estimation (SNP) • Dept. of Commerce Economic Data (University of Michigan) • Ohio State University’s Finance Data Summary • This page points to a summary of data used in finance research on WWW and in other places. • FreeEDGAR — FreeEDGAR offers free, unlimited access to fundamental financial data as it is released to the SEC. Corporate financial reports created from EDGAR filings, downloadable Excel spreadsheets of all SEC filings, and financial analysis and reference resources are a mere mouse-click away. • Edgar On-Line — Another source for SEC Filings. • ECONData: A Source of Economic Time Series Data from Inforum, at the University of Maryland • Stockmaster (formerly MIT Experimental Stock Market Page) • Holt’s Stock Market Reports • Summary statistics for major international financial markets, updated daily. • Interactive Stock Market Quotes • The Security APL Company runs an interactive (forms-based) stock quote WWW server that will accept a ticker symbol and provide 15 minute delay pricing for most listed securities. • J. P. Morgan’s Home Page • J.P. Morgan is an investment banking firm that provides financial services to corporations, governments, financial institutions, institutional investors, private firms, nonprofit groups, and wealthy individuals around the world. Access to J.P. Morgan’s RiskMetrics financial risk management methodology and datasets is provided by clicking here. • Merrill Lynch • QuoteCom • QuoteCom is dedicated to bringing quality financial market data to the Internet community, including information such as stock price quotes, quotes on all domestic stock and commodity exchanges, mutual and money market funds, business news, fundamental data, market analysis and commentary.

441 • BARRA Global Investment Technology • BARRA provides innovative analytical models, software and services that enable clients worldwide to make superior investment and trading decisions. • NETworth: The Internet Resource For Individual Investors. • NETworth allows users to download no-load mutual fund marketing information, prospectuses and financial newsletters. • Interactive Nest Egg • Interactive Nest Egg offers the articles from the print version of Nest Egg and total return information on top performing mutual funds. • The Chicago Mercantile Exchange’s Home Page • The CME Home Page provides background and product information, volume & membership- price information and charts, for the Chicago Mercantile Exchange. • TIAA-CREF — the Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association-College Retirement Equities Fund Home Page • The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation • Search the Directory of the American Economic Association

Other Finance and Economics World Wide Web Servers • Kiwi Club Web Server • This is a Web Server maintained by Professor Richard D. MacMinn at the University of Texas at Austin. The Kiwi Club Server provides hypertext linked lectures on financial markets and corporate finance theory, as well as links to other financial information served on the Internet. • The Economics of the Internet, Information Goods, Intellectual Property and Related Issues • This is a Web Server maintained by Professor Hal Varian at the University of California- Berkeley. • The Office for Futures and Options Research (OFOR) • The Office for Futures and Options Research (OFOR) at the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign promotes and enhances scholarly research and learning of futures, options, and derivative markets. • Centre for Economic Performance • The CEP is a research institute based at the London School of Economics. The CEP’s Web pages contain information concerning CEP staff, research and Discussion Papers. • Corporate Finance News — Capital-raising ideas for the expanding entrepreneur. A service of ICG. • FinanceNet • Established by Vice President Gore’s Office of the National Performance Review, FinanceNet is the largest government finance network in the world. • Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia • The Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia WWW Server is a service offered by the Fed’s Research Department. Featured are analyses of economic issues specific to the Third Federal Reserve District as well as general economic issues.

442 • The World Bank WWW server • The World Bank WWW Server provides links to their Public Information and World Bank Publications. • The RAND Corporation • RAND is a nonprofit institution that helps improve public policy through research and analysis. In addition to getting a description of RAND’s mission and organization, you can search for and order RAND publications, read summaries of selected projects, and find out about many specific research initiatives. • Chinese Finance Association (CFA) • CFA is a non-profit organization aimed at facilitating the exchange of ideas, knowledge and information on education, research and practice in finance and related areas between the US and China. The CFA Newsletter is a weekly publication that contains economic and financial news related to China. • On-line services for Business Schools and other economics-oriented academic disciplines • Go here to check out on-line services provided by a number of the leading Business Schools in the U.S.A. There are also links to Gopher and WWW services provided by other economics-oriented academic disciplines throughout the world.

Ávairûs susijæ adresai • Explore the Internet • Federal, State, City and Foreign Government WWW servers • Law Related Servers • U.S. and Foreign Business Schools • bschool.com • Nobel Laureates in Economics, 1969-1997.

4. POPULIARIØ FINANSINIØ PUSLAPIØ KLASIFIKACIJØ MENIU 4.1. CNN (www.cnnfn.com; money.cnn.com)

Rinkos (Markets) • u.s. stock markets • finance from industrywatch • world markets • tech stocks • currencies • bridge news • bonds and rates • latest news • municipal • the americas • corporate • europe • cmo • asia and australia • zero coupon • video updates • treasury • lipper fund report • short term rates • abc’s of investing • commodities • glossary • portfolio manager • 10 largest funds

443 • mutual funds • life insurance • feedback • auto insurance • how do I...? • auto risk evaluator • stock picks • medical insurance • winners • supplemental health • losers • home insurance • what is zacks? • long term care • subscribe to zacks • disability • wall st. research • small business • trading simulation • annuities Personal finance Digital jam • banking • watch digital jam • bank rates • technology from industrywatch • home & auto • tech indexes • find a mortgage • red herring • investing • tech stocks • stocks & bonds • CNN sci-tech • mutual funds Small business • life • small biz from industrywatch • insurance shopper World biz • saving • europe • taxes • asia • tax calendar • emerging markets • u.s. averages • world markets • file online • currencies • tips & tools • timezones • college planner • CNN world news • cut your debt Industrywatch • financial checkup Travel center • fund family directory • currency converter • life planner • city guide • mortgage calculator • travel deals • refinance calculator Hot stories • retirement planner • deals • roth ira planner • companies • stock screener • economy • tax averages • biz buzz • tax calendar • business unusual • insurance market • about ...

444 • best practices Power shopper • watch the show • apparel & jewelry • speak up • books & magazines • washington unwrapped • computer hardware • briefing • electronics • what’s new • flowers & cards • look ahead • gifts Special reportsfn on-air • home & garden • streaming video • movies & videos • what’s on fn? • music • business day • office supplies • before hours • software • in the game • sporting goods • trading places • toys & games • in play • video games • street sweep • cnnfn home • capital ideas • quick search • take it personally • help • biz buzz Speak up • entrepreneurs only • expert opinion • moneyline • response request • digital jam • expert response archive • business unusual • talk back to the tv • what’s on CNN/CNNI? • ask the webmasters • business day • what do you think? • business asia • e-mail us • world business today Resources • moneyline with lou dobbs • reference desk • your money • Official company web sites • moneyweek • Glossary of business terms • digital jam • General references • managing with jan hopkins • Government resources • pinnacle • about fn • business unusual • Job openings at CNNfn • world business this week • table of contents • pinnacle europe • help • cnn transcripts • web connection • anchors & correspondents • Tax information • i want my cnnfn • Consumer credit information • buy show transcripts • Emerging business resources

445 • Exchanges on the Web • internet explorer 4 • Official company web sites • pointcast • Mutual Funds Custom news • Retirement Planning CNN interactive • Business travel guides Search Briefing Stock quotes Fn to go Help • market briefing Mostly text • fn remote Terms • netcaster Credits

4.2. YAHOO FINANCE

ARIAWeb American Risk and Insurance Association World Wide Web Server Pronet North America - Finance · Netsource Asia · Mark Bernkopf’s Central Banking Resource Center The Central Banking Resource Center is a comprehensive guide to information about central banking and monetary policy around the world. The Center includes the Web’s most complete directory of central bank sites. It also offers links to ministries of finance and economy, government mints, banknote printers, and national currency museums. The Center offers an interactive schedule of upcoming banking and monetary conferences around the world. · Nijenrode Business Resources - Finance and Banking · Qualisteam - Banques et Finance - Links to international sources : banking, financial databases, international trade, stock exchange, financial E-mail-journal, job announces IN FRENCH · Commercial Finance ONLINE! - The Internet’s most comprehensive “Commercial Finance Related” search engine! · Calvert Calvert Group home page - Links to descriptions of their SRI funds and activities. · Commercial Finance ONLINE - Promoting the industry of commercial finance including banks, factors, lessors, venture capitalists, financial consultants, investors, and businesses in need of capital · CMS Finance Intelligence Catalogue - Lists nearly 600 specialist business-alert newsletters, reports and surveys covering taxation, treasury, banking, financial technology, Capital Markers, Trade Finance, derivatives, cash management, credit risk management and more. · Center for Latin American Capital Markets Research - Original Research and links to capital market resources in Latin America. Including: Exchanges and Quotes, Research, Country Data and News · The Digital Financier A site providing hundreds of hotlinks for finance professionals for each job speciality, career planning and job sites in finance, news, technlogy, and glossaries and dictionaries.

446 · Financial Data Locators - Links to both local (Singapore) and international sources. It features data in different broad categories like Banking, International Trade, Securities and Stock Exchanges, Financial E-journals etc. · National Bank Directory (USA) Directory of Banks in the United States. · National Bank Directory (USA) Directory of Banks in the United States. · Ohio State Financial Data Finder. - Summary of financial information by location and by provider. Includes nice descriptions of some databases and services which are not yet available on the Web, and some which are. · Primenet’s Financial Directory · Finance Wat.ch - Finance Wat.ch provides the most interesting and recent links about financial and commodity derivatives, financial industry index, financial information and training and financial technology · FINWeb Home Page · FENWEB — The Financial Economics Network WWW Server · FinanceNet-Part of the Gore National Performance Review · Financial Resource Guide · FILL - The Financial Information Link Library · Financial Resources on the Internet · The Financial Services Internet Forum - The Internet Forum is a syndicated research program for financial institutions. Its charter is to provide research and information exchange for financial institutions with regard to strategic and economic issues surrounding Internet-based financial services. · The Financing Companion Free venture capital database and financing “how to” information. · The Financing Sources Databank Over 10,000 sources of financing for businesses, commercial real estate, IPOs, Venture Capital and more. · National Bank Directory (USA) Directory of Banks in the United States. · Ohio State Financial Data Finder. - Summary of financial information by location and by provider. Includes nice descriptions of some databases and services which are not yet available on the Web, and some which are. · Primenet’s Financial Directory · National Financial Services Network Guide to financial services in the United States. · Goethe Investment - Dynamite site with a wealth of references to financial data around the world. Links to sources of historical quote data, currencies, futures, etc. from around the world are available here. Also impressive is a repository of financial shareware products. · Guide to Financial Information · Market Guide - provides financial information, including research reports on over 8,000 publicly traded companies.

447 · International Finance & Commodities Institute · Financial Resources for Individual Investors - A starting point for financial information. · Investor Web · Internet Jumpsites - banking Links to all of the important U.S. banking sites on the Web. Visit our Internet Jumpsites page and explore the world of banking on the Web! · InvestSIG - Index of available Investment Information · Internet Jumpsites - banking Links to all of the important U.S. banking sites on the Web. Visit our Internet Jumpsites page and explore the world of banking on the Web! · KiwiClubWeb Server. - This is a Web Server maintained by Professor Richard D. MacMinn at the University of Texas at Austin. The Kiwi Club Server provides hypertext linked lectures on financial markets and corporate finance theory, as well as links to other financial information. · The WWW Virtual Library: Finance · More Financial Links · Management and Financial Links · National Bank Directory (USA) Directory of Banks in the United States. · Nijenrode Business Resources - Finance and Banking · Pronet North America - Finance · Ohio State Financial Data Finder. - Summary of financial information by location and by provider. Includes nice descriptions of some databases and services which are not yet available on the Web, and some which are. · Primenet’s Financial Directory · Qualisteam - Banques et Finance - Links to international sources : banking, financial databases, international trade, stock exchange, financial E-mail-journal, job announces IN FRENCH · RISKWeb - Financial Economics WWW Server by Professor James. R Garven, University of Texas at Austin · The Market Radar A systematic approach to the stock market, offering timely guidance to the individual investor. · The Syndicate - The Syndicate is a jumping-off place for investment information of all stripes. Hundreds of hot links are organized into convenient categories, like bonds, stocks, finance pages, investment gurus and so forth. · Search Tool for Finance · Starting Point · National Financial Services Network Guide to financial services in the United States. · Search Tool for Finance · The WWW Virtual Library: Finance · Wall Street Direct - have a number of interesting products.

448 4.3. LexisNexis® DB MENIU Academic and Library Web services Company Dossier, LexisNexis® Academic Corporate Affiliations™ Company Dossier [Academic version] Corporate Finance Directory America’s Congressional CourtLink®, LexisNexis® Country Analysis CourtLink® Classic, LexisNexis® Development Professionals Current Awareness Products Environmental Daily Opinion Service, LexisNexis Government Periodicals Index ECLIPSE™ feature Primary Sources in History Tracker, LexisNexis® Scholastic Edition Customized User Interfaces, LexisNexis® State Capital File & Serve, LexisNexis® Statistical FullAuthority® U.S. Serial Set Digital Collection Gould Publications Advertising Red Books™, The HotDocs® AlaCarte!™, LexisNexis Standard Edition Analyzer, LexisNexis® PDF Advantage, Professional Edition Anderson Publishing, LexisNexis® Professional Edition Anti-Money Laundering Solutions, PDF Advantage, Standard Edition LexisNexis® Template Set Generator Applied Discovery®, LexisNexis® Database Connection Automated Forms Online Server Batch Services, LexisNexis® Industry Dossier, LexisNexis® BatchOwn™ service InstantID® BatchScreen™ service Insurance Solutions, LexisNexis® BatchTrace Intranet Solutions Billing Matters™ Law Enforcement Solutions, LexisNexis® Blackberry®, LexisNexis® content on BNA on LexisNexis® Services lexis.com®, LexisNexis® at Books & CD-ROMs Research Task Pages and the Corporate CIS® Publications Counsel Edition of the Research Task Pages (Congressional Information Service) on LexisNexis at www.lexis.com Citation Tools, LexisNexis® lexisONE® service CheckCite® software Market Intelligence, LexisNexis® LEXLink™ feature Martindale-Hubbell®, LexisNexis® CiteRite® II Directory of Experts & Services Clause Manager, LexisNexis® Matthew Bender® CLE and Conferences Mealey Publications Collection Solutions, LexisNexis® Michie™ Publications

449 Municipalcodes, LexisNexis® Publisher, LexisNexis® Code Conversion Purchasing Program, LexisNexis® CodeMaster™ Purchasing and Supply Chain Solutions, CodeMaster QuickView™ LexisNexis® CodeOnline Research On Call, LexisNexis® Codification Services Risk Scoring Solutions, LexisNexis® MinutesMaster™ Chargeback Defender™ Ordinance Analysis and Report FraudDefender™ OrdLink™ ThinDex® Web Posting RiskWise® online, LexisNexis® Total Code Management™ Risk Management Solutions, LexisNexis® Shepard’s® Citations Service nexis.com®, LexisNexis® at Shepard’s® on LexisNexis® at Patent & Trademark Solutions, www.lexis.com LexisNexis® Shepard’s® in print Patent and Trademark Delivery Services SmartLinx™ feature Patent and Trademark File History Services SmartIndexing Technology™, LexisNexis® Prior Art Search Services Taxonomy, LexisNexis® Japanese Patent Machine Translations Time Matters® PeopleWise® service Total Search, LexisNexis® Portal, LexisNexis® UPA Publications (University Publications of Portal Components, LexisNexis® America)

4.4. LITHUANIA-ON-LINE

· CyberAtlas - a wealth of various information on doing business on internet, complete to links to the various market research studies and other information · Commerce Net - not-for-profit organization helping to facilitate electronic commerce · Industry Net, Entrepreneurs Net, Entrepreneurs On The Web · FinWeb, Wall Street Directory · BizWeb, BizWiz - companies and products information · Surplus Record - directory of surplus, new and used industrial equipment and machinery · WWW Yellow Pages, Yellow Web, Big Yellow, GTE Superpages, World Pages, InfoSpace, LinkStar - business cards · Guide to Global Business Sites: Top 500 - link-by-link commentary · Thomas Register of American Manufacturers · Europages, Euronline, Europe Onine - European business directories

450 Uþimtumo, darbo puslapiai · Career Magazine - jobs database, resume bank, new articles, career forum and more! · Career Net - an array of career resources and links to thousands of sites · Career Site - thousands of free listings, in addition to “Virtual Agent” services · Career Web - global recruitment and resource center · Online Career Center - a non-profit association of employers offering the Internet’s most frequently accessed career center · Career Mosaic - online guide to information about employers, companies, and job opportunities · Student Center - career information for college students and recent graduates · Virtual Job Fair - research and scan through potential employers · Job Center - great place to look for that new JOB! · Job Hunt - meta-list of on-line job-search resources and services · Job Trak - established in 1987, Jobtrak has formed partnerships with over 300 college career centers and has posted jobs from over 150,000 employers (over 500 NEW jobs each day) · Job Web - career planning, employment information, articles, tips and more · Skill Search - access the hidden job market · Monster Board - resumes, job postings and employer profiles · Help Wanted - online classified job center

Prekyba, rinkos · Computers: Ultimate Shopping Guide, PriceScan - guide to the lowest computer prices · World Shop, Dream Shop, Cyber Shop, Tech Shopper, Internet Shopping Network · The Internet Mall, Cyber Mall, Mega Mall, eMall · Microsoft Plaza, Internet Plaza, 1 World Plaza · Classifieds 2000, Auction Web, Used Equipment Network · Oanda 168 Currency Converter, Universal Currency Converter - daily updated exchange rates · Commodities & Stocks, FuturesWeb - commodities trading advice · Commodities and Energy 2000 - grains, metals, “softs,” financials, energy prices are given for cash and futures and by commodity and exchange worldwide. · Wood World - Inter-Continental Wood Exchange · Openair Market Net - guide to farmers’ markets, street markets, flea markets, and the like · Financial Network: NETworth, J.P.Morgan, Investor Web · Portfolios: Stock Research Group, Quote - quotes, news, analysis, company profiles · Risk View - free source of global equity data and risk analytics · Stock Master, Money Quick Quotes - prices delayed at least 15 minutes! · StreetEYE - Wall Street search engine · Wall Street Journal - a premier on-line service of financial news and analysis · Dow Jones

451 Verslas · World Trade Organization · Global Business Centre: Central & Eastern Europe · The Information Center - business opportunity and resource informational magazine · Better Business Bureau provides instant access to business and consumer alerts as well as helpful resources. You can even file a complaint online. · International Commerce Exchange Systems, IMEX Exchange · Trade Net, Trade Point, Trade UK · E*Trade - automated stock and option trading system · Financenter - personal finance resource center with interactive calculations to help you evaluate your borrowing and investing options · Checkfree Corporation - electronic payment services for home and business · First Virtual Holdings - enables commerce through simple, secure financial transactions · Bank of America - personal financial services, business banking, and special offers · Credit Card Network: American Express, Mastercard International, Visa · DHL, Federal Express, TNT, UPS - parcel service · MLM - Multi-Level Marketing · Starting a Small Business, On-Line Business Advisor, Inc., SBA Online - information to help you start, finance and expand your own business · Progressive Farming (updated daily) · Cyberpreneur’s Guide To The Internet, EntreWorld · Smart Business Supersite - quite possibly the largest how-to business site on the Web

Intelektiniai ištekliai · New Civilization Network: Global Ideas Bank · World Transformation: Institute for Social Inventions · Intelnet: Intellectual Network · InventNET: The Inventors Network · BEST North America: On-line Inventory of Science Inventions · Products and Services: Inventions · The Internet Invention Store · Invents World · STO: Internet Patent Search System · Patent FAQ Online - great guides to the patent process · US Patent & Trademark Office - electronic handbook containing information on how to register a trademark, fees, patent libraries and more · European Patent Office - the organization responsible for establishing a uniform patent system in Europe · Protect your idea before someone steals it! · Invention Connection - a global assistance for individual inventors

452 4.5. EBPO

Centre for Tax Policy and Administration Tax and Electronic Commerce Consumption Tax Tax Evasion Exchange of Information Tax Policy Analysis Fiscal Federalism Network Tax Treaties Harmful Tax Practices Tax Treatment of Bribes Tax Administration Transfer Pricing Centre for Co-operation with Non-Members Global Forums Economy, Global Forum: Sustainable Global Forum: Agriculture, Global Forum: Development, Global Forum: Taxation, Competition, Global Forum: Governance, Global Forum: Trade, Global Forum: International Investment, Country and Regional Programmes Global Forum: Knowledge Economy - China, Asia, Transition Economies , Baltic Biotechnology, Global Forum: Knowledge Countries, Russia, South Eastern Europe, Economy - Common Elements, Global Africa/NEPAD, Exploratory Work in other Forum: Knowledge Economy - Digital regions, Brazil, Latin America,

Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs and Local Development LEED Programme (Local Economic and SMEs and Entrepreneurship Employment Development ) Employment and Skills at Local Level, Entrepreneurship at Local Level, Globalisation and Local Authorities, Local Governance and Partnerships, Social Innovations at Local Level, Development Centre African Economic Outlook Development Policy Dialogue Civil Society and NGO’s, Public Attitudes towards Development Co-operation, Regional Development Bank Forums, Finance, Economic Policy and Development Globalisation and Interdependence Finance for Development, Capital Mobility, Developing Countries and the WTO, Foreign Investment and Financial Economic and Regional Integration in Integration, Debt, Monetary Policy, Developing Countries, Trade Policy and Development,

Poverty, Equity and Development Technology and Entrepreneurship Capacity Building, Education, Training and Electronic Commerce and Development, Development, Employment and Social Entrepreneurship in Developing Countries, Safety Nets in Developing Countries, Productive Sectors: Agriculture, Industry and Empowerment, Participation and Gender, Services,

453 Health and Human Development, Income Distribution, Development Co-operation Directorate (DAC) Aid Statistics Aid Effectiveness Aid Activities, Aid from DAC Members, Managing for Development Results, Monitoring the Paris Declaration, Procure- ment, Public Financial Management, Conflict and Peace Development Effectiveness in Fragile States Environment and Development Co-operation Evaluation of Development Programmes Gender Equality Governance and Capacity Development Information and Communication Technology Millennium Development Goals for Development Peer Reviews of DAC Members Poverty Reduction Trade, Development and Capacity Building Untied Aid

Economics Department Economic Surveys and Country Surveillance Economic Outlook Non-Member Economies, OECD Member Economic Situation, Analysis and Economies, Projections, Modelling and Statistical Analysis, Monetary and Financial Issues Public Finance Monetary and Exchange Rate Policy, Fiscal Policy, Public Expenditure, Taxation Financial Markets and Monetary and and Tax Policy, Fiscal Federalism, Financial Conditions,

Structural Issues Environment and Sustainable Develop- Labour Markets, Regulatory Reform: ment: Economic Issues, Economic Economic Issues, Economic Growth and Implications of Migration, International Productivity, Other Structural Issues, Trade and Investment: Economic Issues, Economic Effects of Ageing, The Economics Human Capital, Competition: Economic of Health, Issues

Directorate for Education Learning, Society, Economy Outcomes of Learning Investment in and Financing of Learning, Country Reviews in Education, Education Lifelong Learning and Sectors of Education, Facilities, Education Statistics and Human and Social Capital Indicators, Brain and Learning, Education in Non-Member Economies

454 Quality Teaching Tertiary Education Management in Education, Teaching , Higher Education Management, Trade in Learning, and Schools for the Future, Education Services, Social Cohesion and Education Information and Communication Technology Futures for Education and Learning, Economics and Management of Knowl- edge, Innovation and Education R&D, Our Programmes Centre for Educational Research and Innovation (CERI), Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), Programme on Institutional Management in Higher Education (IMHE), Programme on Educational Building (PEB), Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs Employment Policy Health Policy and Data Employment Outlook and OECD Jobs Health Data, Health Policy, Strategy, Ageing and Employment Policies, Employment and Skills, Labour Standards, Active Labour Market Policies, Sickness and Disability Policies Social Policy Benefits and Wages, Family-friendly Policies, Pension Systems, Social Expenditure, Social Indicators, Labour Market and Social Policies in Non- Trends in International Migration and in Member Countries Migration Policies Migration, Labour Market and Integration of Migrants, Migration, Trade and Development, Monitoring of Migration Movements and Policies, Environment Directorate Biosafety - BioTrack Chemical Safety Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biocides, Chemical Accidents, Chemicals Biotechnology, Novel Foods and Feeds, Classification and Labelling, Chemicals Hazard/Risk Assessment, Chemicals Risk Management, Chemicals Testing - Guide- lines, Co-operation on the Investigation of Existing Chemicals, Good Laboratory Practice, New Chemicals, Pesticides, Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers,

455 Climate Change, Energy and Transport Consumption, Production and the Climate Change, Environmentally Sustainable Environment Transport, Agriculture and Environment, Construction and Environment, Household and Public Sector Consumption and the Environment, Firms, Innovation and the Environment, Environment in Emerging and Transition Environmental Country Reviews Economies Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia Environment Strategy, Environmental Finance, Environmental Policies, Enforce- ment and Compliance, Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Reform, Environmental Indicators and Outlooks Environmental Policies and Instruments Environmental Data and Indicators, Environmental taxes, tradable permits, etc., Environmental Outlooks, Principles and Extended Producer Responsibility, Green Strategies, Public Purchasing, Voluntary Approaches,

Environmental-Social Interface Natural Resource Management Environment and Employment, Environ- Biodiversity, Water, ment, Distributional Issues and Employ- ment, Environmental Information and Public Participation, Environment and Health, Trade, Investment and Environment Waste Investment and Environment, Trade and Prevention and Management of Waste, Environment , Transboundary Movement of Waste, Directorate for Financial and Enterprise Affairs Competition Law and Policy Corporate Affairs Capacity Building, Competition Analysis and Company Law and Corporate Governance, Enforcement, Country Reviews, Regulation Corporate Governance Principles, Disclosure and Sectors, Trade and Competition, and Accounting Reform, Governance and Privatisation of State-Owned Assets, Insolvency and Corporate Distress, Bribery in International Business Anti-Bribery Convention, Regional Financial Markets, Insurance and Pensions Initiatives, Financial Education, Financial Markets, Insurance, Private Pensions, Public Debt Management , International Investment Responsibility, International Investment Investment for Development, Guidelines for Agreements , Investment Statistics and Multinational Enterprises, Corporate Analysis, OECD Investment Instruments,

456 European Conference of Ministers of Transport and Transport Research Centre Directorate for Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Agricultural Markets Agricultural Policies Emerging Issues, Medium-term Outlook, Multifunctionality, Reform Options and Analysis, Structural Issues, Support and Protection, Agriculture and Environment Agriculture in Emerging and Transition Agri-Environmental Indicators, Agri- Economies Environmental Policies, Biological Resources in Agriculture Fisheries International Product Standards Trade and Agriculture Forest Reproductive Material, Fruit and Agricultural Trade Liberalisation, Future Vegetables, Seeds, Tractors, Challenges,

International Futures Programme Infrastructure Risk Management Space Futures Networks and Partners Human Resources | International Energy Agency | Legal Affairs | Newsroom | Public Affairs Civil Society and Parliamentarians OECD Forum

The OECD Nuclear Energy Agency | Policy Coherence for Development | Directorate for Public Governance and Territorial Development Budgeting and Public Expenditures E-government Ethics and Corruption in the Public Sector Forward Thinking from Centres of Government Governance Dialogue with Non-Members Government-Citizen Relations Engaging Citizens in Policymaking, Services to Citizens, Public Employment and Management Public Sector Modernisation Review Regulatory Management and Reform Sustainable Development and Governance Territorial Policies Territorial Reviews Trends and Innovations, Territorial National Reviews, Regional Reviews, Urban Governance, Urban Development Policies, Renaissance,

Sahel and West Africa ClubAgricultural Development Perspectives in West Africa Transformation and Sustainable Development in West Africa

457 Local Development and Regional Governance, Conflict Dynamics, Peace and Integration in West Africa Security in West Africa Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry Industry Issues Information and Communications Policy Business and Industry Policy Forums, Consumer Policy, Information Economy, Industrial Globalisation, Micro Policies for Information Security and Privacy, OECD Growth, Service Sector, Shipbuilding, Steel, Work on Spam, Telecommunications and Internet Policy, S&T Policy Scientific, Industrial and Health Applications Innovation and Technology Policy, Manage- of Biotechnology ment of Public Research, International Scientific Co-operation (Global Science Forum), Technology and Sustainable Development, Intellectual Property Rights, Statistical Analysis of Science, Technology Transport and Industry Aviation, Maritime Transport, Road Measuring Globalisation, Measuring Transport Research, Industrial Performance, Measuring Science and Technology, Measuring the Information Economy, Statistics Directorate Economic Accounts for Agriculture Financial Statistics Balance of Payments, External Debt of Developing and Transition Countries,

Industry and Services Statistics International Trade Statistics Industry, Services, International Trade in Goods, International Trade in Services, Labour Statistics Leading Indicators and Tendency Surveys Business Tendency and Consumer Opinion Indicators, Leading Indicators, National Accounts Prices and Purchasing Power Parities (PPP) Annual National Accounts, Input-output Price Indices, Purchasing Power Parities Tables, Quarterly National Accounts, (PPP), Productivity Statistics Statistical Methodology Statistics for Non-member Economies

458 Trade Directorate Agriculture and Trade Competition and Trade Agricultural Trade Liberalisation, Future Challenges, Consultations with Stakeholders Environment and Trade Environment, Export Credits, Trade Methodologies for Environmental Assess- Committee, ment, Sustainable Product Policies and Trade, The Environmental Effects of Trade , Trade Measures in MEA’s, Transparency and Consultation, Export Credits Non-tariff Barriers Agriculture and Export Credits, Bribery and Export Credits, Environment , Export Credit Arrangement, Unproductive Expenditure , Regionalism and the Multilateral Trading Regulatory Reform and Market Openness System Services Trade Tariffs Trade Facilitation Trade Policy Trade Policy Dialogue Topics Ageing Society Agriculture, Food and Fisheries Biotechnology Competition Corporate Governance Corruption Development Economics Education Digital Economy and Information Society Emerging and Transition Economies Employment Energy Enterprise, Industry and Services Environment Finance Growth Health Information and Communication Technologies Insurance and Pensions International Migration Investment Public Governance and Management Regulatory Reform Science and Innovation Social Issues Statistics Portal Sustainable Development Taxation Territorial Economy Trade Transport

459 Statistics Portal General Statistics Agriculture and Fisheries Country Statistical Profiles, Reference Economic Statistics for Agriculture and Series, Fisheries, Agricultural Policy Indicators, Agri- environmental indicators, Demography and Population Development Demographic Indicators, Migration Aid Activities, Aid from DAC Members, Statistics, Population Statistics, External Debt, Joint BIS-IMF-OECD-WB Statistics on External Debt, Financial Flows and Debt, Statistics for Development, Economic Projections Education and Training OECD Economic Outlook, Education and Skills, Training, Energy Environment Energy Statistics, Agri-Environmental Indicators, Environmen- tal Statistics, Finance Globalisation Bank Profitability Statistics, Central Activity of Multinationals, Foreign Direct Government Debt, Exchange Rates Investment Statistics, Globalisation Statistics, Financial Accounts, Financial Indicators, Markets, Institutional Investors Statistics, Insurance Statistics, Monetary Aggre- gates and Interest Rates, Pensions, Health Industry and Services Health Statistics, Scientific, Industrial and Industry Statistics, Services Statistics, Health Applications of Biotechnology Statistics, Information and Communication Technology Balance of Payments Statistics, International Information and Communications Statistics, Trade in Goods Statistics, International Trade Telecommunications Statistics, in Services Statistics, Tariffs and Trade, International Trade and Balance of Payments Commercial Interest Reference Rates (CIRRs), Differentiated Discount Rates, Labour Labour Statistics, Unemployment Statistics, Monthly Economic Indicators Composite Leading Indicators, Business Indicators, Main Economic Indicators, Country Tendency and Consumer Opinion Comparison Tables, Key Short-term Indicators, National Accounts Annual National Accounts, Quarterly National Accounts, General Government Accounts,

460 Financial Accounts, Detailed Non-Financial Productivity Accounts, Input-Output Tables, Output, Labour Input, Labour Productivity Prices and Purchasing Power Parities Total Economy, Capital Services by Type of Prices and Price Indices, Purchasing Power Asset, Cost Shares of Inputs, Total Inputs , Parities (PPP) Statistics,

Multi-factor Productivity, Productivity Levels Science, Technology and Patents and GDP per capita, Labour Productivity Biotechnology Statistics, Patents Statistics, Growth by Industry, Research and Development Statistics Public Sector, Taxation and Market Science and Technology Indicators, Regulation Public Management Statistics, Market Regulation, Taxation, Social and Welfare Statistics Dictionaries and Glossaries, Events, Social Protection Statistics, Other Related Conferences and Meetings, Information Social Statistics, Technology (IT) Practices in National Statistical Methodology Statistical Offices, Manuals, Sources and Transport Methods, Proceedings, Speeches, The Non-member Economies Statistics Newsletter, The Statistics Brief, Web Sites, Working Papers, Regional Statistics Regional Indicators, Transport Maritime Transport Statistics, Road General Non-member Economies Fisheries, Development Indicators, Information, Economic Statistics for Non- Education and Training, Health, Industry member Economies, Agriculture and and Services, International Trade, Labour, National Accounts

461 4.6. STANDARD AND POORS FINANSINIØ PASLAUGØ SVETAINËS IR DUOMENØ MENIU

Standard and Poors svetainës meniu

Fixed Income | Equity | S&P Indices | Funds | Products & Services HOME PAGE S&P Composite 1500 Fixed Income S&P 1000 Ratings Actions S&P 100 Ratings Lists S&P REIT Index Ratings Criteria S&P European Indices Ratings News & Analysis S&P Europe 350 Equity S&P Euro Stocks in the News S&P Euro Plus Top Buys/Top Sells S&P United Kingdom Analytical Methodology S&P Italian Indices News & Analysis S&P/MIB 45 S&P Indices S&P Asian Indices Index Changes S&P Asia Pacific 100 Index Methodology S&P Japanese Indices Index News & Analysis S&P/TOPIX 150 Global Industry Classification S&P Canadian Indices Standard (GICS) S&P/TSX 60 Index Real Time Values S&P/TSX Composite S&P Global 1200 Index S&P/TSX Canadian MidCap S&P 500 S&P/TSX Canadian SmallCap S&P Europe 350 S&P/TSX Capped Composite S&P/Topix 150 S&P/TSX 60 Capped S&P/TSX 60 S&P/TSX Venture Composite S&P Asia Pacific 100 S&P/TSX Canadian Sectors S&P Latin America 40 S&P/TSX Canadian Income Trust S&P ADR Index S&P/TSX Canadian Energy Trust S&P Global 100 Index S&P/TSX Canadian REIT S&P US Indices S&P Australian Indices S&P 500 S&P/ASX 200 S&P MidCap 400 S&P/ASX 300 S&P SmallCap 600 S&P/ASX 20

462 S&P/ASX 50 Credit Ratings & Research S&P/ASX 100 Ratings & Related S&P Small Ordinaries Information Products All Ordinaries Equity/Fund Analysis S&P India Indices Rankings S&P CNX Nifty Index Analytical Tools & Software S&P Russian Indices Trading Software S&P/RUX Index Benchmarks & Indices S&P Emerging Markets Evaluations S&P/IFCI Index Index Data S&P/IFCG Index Fund Data S&P Frontier Markets Company Fundamental Data S&P US Growth & Value Indices Securities Data Commodity Indentifier Credit Corporate Actions Investment Grade Terms & Conditions Speculative Grade Pricing S&P Hedge Fund Indices Real-time S&P Hedge Fund Index End of Day S&P Arbitrage Index S&P Event-Driven Index Data Feeds S&P Directional/Tactical Index News & Analysis S&P Managed Futures Index Portfolio Advisors Structured Finance Directories Arbitrage CBO Performance Risk Management Arbitrage CLO Performance Products & Services by Sector Asset-backed Securities Credit Card Fixed Income Residential Mortgage High CLTV Matrix Equity Municipal Bond Funds Funds Indices Money Market Funds Events Bond Funds About Us Management Quality/Select Funds Company History Government Investment Pools Standard & Poor’s News Equity Funds News & Analysis Business Units Products & Services Awards & Recognition A-Z Product List Biographies of Key Executives Product Type Media

463 Media Contacts Press Kits Global Special Coverage United States Press Releases Canada Standard & Poor’s News United Kingdom Fixed Income Europe, Middle East, Africa Equity Japan Products & Services Australia/New Zealand S&P Indices Asia Funds Latin America

A Advisor Access Investment Advisors Database Advisor Insight Standard & Poor’s Advisor Insight provides advisors online access to Standard & Poor’s renowned investment research and data with tools you can use to stay abreast of the market, deliver investment insights to clients and grow your assets under management. Advisor Insight Street Standard & Poor’s View of Wall Street at a Glance Advisor Sales Tools Tools and information designed to work together seamlessly for maximum impact and clarity, bringing the expertise of a full marketing department to even a one-person firm. Advisor Sales Tools provides point-and-click analytics for preparing customized reports and presentations and make client consultations more productive. AIM Statistical analysis application detailing performance comparisons and investment data on over 60,000 Mutual Funds and other financial instruments. Analysts Handbook Valuation and Comparison Data for the S&P 500 Standard & Poor’s Analysts’ Handbook presents a unique set of analytical tools based on the S&P Stock Price Indices from 1992 forward. ANNA Service Bureau Your Only Complete Source for ISIN Numbers For securities standardization in global cross-border trading and straight-through-processing (STP), Standard & Poor’s, the Association of National Numbering Agencies (ANNA), and Telekurs Financial have created the ANNA Service Bureau. Asia MarketScope Independent Real-time Asia Equity Commentary and Analysis Asset-Backed Securities Assessing the Risks of an Array of Assets Asset Allocation Enabling Institutions to Create Asset Allocation Recommendations Associated Obligor Link Identification of the guarantor of debt service. Standard & Poor’s Associated Obligor Link provides an automated service linking a set of the municipal bond universe to the ultimate entities responsible for paying/guaranteeing debt service.

464 B Bank Loan & Recovery Ratings Goes beyond a borrower’s corporate credit rating. Bond Fund Ratings Evaluating the Credit Quality and Volatility of Bond Funds. Bond Guide Descriptive data on over 10,000 domestic and Canadian corporate, convertible and foreign bonds C Calculators - Personal Investment Interactive Educational Tools for Investors Capital IQ Powering the People Who Drive the Financial Markets CDO Evaluator ™ A Valuable Resource for Analyzing CDO Transactions CDO Interface Your one source for Standard & Poor’s CDO products and information CDO Manager Focus Promoting Better-Informed Investments Decisions Across the CDO Capital Structure CDS Accelerator™ & CDS Xpress™ ChartSource - Client-Ready Financial Charts ClassicDirect Integrated, on-line source of objective insurance ratings, research and data. An independent view of the credit worthiness of insurers or reinsurers. Collateralized Debt Obligations/Derivatives Meeting Global Credit Risk Management Chal- lenges Compustat Free Trial for CFA readers Compustat Global Authoritative U.S. and International Fundamental Financial Data Compustat North America Objective U.S. and Canadian Fundamental Financial Data Compustat Unrestated Quarterly As-first-reported quarterly data Compustat Xpressfeed Providing the financial data you need - with speed and reliability Compustat Xpressfeed Loader Xpressfeed data processed directly to your relational database - saving you time and money Compustat® Data Fundamental Company and Market Data Consultant Directory, (The) Pension Fund Consultants Consumer Newsletter Services A variety of legal & financial advisories Corporate Action Service Actively Track Corporate Actions and Changes Global Corporate Action Service is essential for the effective administration of global securities portfolios. Corporate Credit Ratings Corporate Governance Evaluations & Scores Corporate Markets Services Corporate Market Services uniquely integrates market data, research and technology to help you perform fundamental analysis, research industries and companies, generate ideas, con- summate transactions, and more.

465 Corporate Profiles/Quantitative Stock Reports Formerly known as Corporate Profiles, Standard & Poor’s Quantitative Stock Reports are premium equity analysis and data that feature quantitative reports on over 5,000 companies listed on U.S. exchanges. Corporate Tracker Keeping Track of CUSIP and Company Changes Corporation Records Information on more than 12,000 publicly held U.S., Canadian, and International Companies Counterparty Credit Ratings Demonstrates Your Organization’s Creditworthiness Credit Estimates for CDOs A Service for Collateral Managers Purchasing Unrated Assets Credit Process Implementation Assistance in implementing your action plans to prepare for Basel Risk Solutions can assist you in developing or enhancing internal rating systems and processes in order to address requirements for meaningful differentiation, completeness and integrity, oversight, use, and validation. Credit Risk Assessment Templates Leverage your expert judgement on credit risk with experience from Standard & Poor’s. Credit Risk Assessment Templates from Risk Solutions are frameworks that allow you to assess credit risk by incorporating key quantitative and qualitative analytical factors. Credit Risk Tracker A comprehensive probability of default model covering private companies in Europe and North America Now you can assess, benchmark, and validate your probabilities of default for middle-market (SME) exposures. Credit Training Your global source for credit risk and risk related education Services to institutions for improving credit process and procedures and assessing and managing credit risk. CreditModel™ Industry and region specific credit scoring models for public and private firms in North America, Europe, and Japan Internet-accessible credit scoring models that are tailored to specific industries and regions, employ sophisticated technology, and are powered by Standard & Poor’s global credit experience. CreditPro® Dynamically create credit tables from Standard & Poor’s Default Research Data- base Standard & Poor’s CreditPro® offers credit professionals the ability to quickly create value- added tables extracted from Standard & Poor’s proprietary database of historical rating behavior. CreditWeek® CreditWeek highlights activity in the global credit markets, providing financial professionals with objective insight and extensive analysis in the global credit markets.

466 CreditWire Real-time Access to Standard & Poor’s Ratings Actions and Analysis Standard & Poor’s CreditWire, a real-time credit ratings and research information service available on a subscription basis, serves fixed income industry professionals worldwide. CreditWire Japan Japanese-language wire service providing credit research updates on global and Japanese issuers. CreditWire Japan is the Japanese version of Standard & Poorÿ/s real-time credit information wire service. CUSIP-ISID Plus Access Web-based Access to the CUSIP Master File With Standard & Poor’s CUSIP-ISID Plus Access, you can access the entire universe of CUSIP numbers (Corporate, Municipal, Government, Mortgage-Backed and Private Placement) — along with ISIDPlus, the global cross-reference database. CUSIP Master Service Industry Standard for Securities Identification and Descriptive information For over 7.5 million corporate, municipal, and government issues, Standard & Poor’s CUSIP is the universally accepted industry standard for securities identification and descripitive information. CUSIP Mortgage-Backed Services Assigning CUSIP Numbers to Mortgage-Backed Pools CUSIP Services Securities Identification and Descriptive information. The CUSIP Service Bureau is operated by Standard & Poor’s for the American Bankers Asso- ciation (ABA). CUSIP_db CUSIP Data in Relational Database Format Standard & Poor’s CUSIP data is available in a comma delimited relational database format. CUSIP is the universally accepted industry standard for securities identification and descriptive information. Custom Index Solutions 1 Custom Portfolios Custom Portfolios Customized Portfolio Analysis, Recommendations and Advice Custom Training Risk training courses customized for your institution Risk Solutions’ Custom Training courses are designed to meet your institution’s specific risk management training needs.

D DACSS® (Documentation and Collateral Scoring System) Taking Our Criteria To Your Point of Sale Data Services The financial community has increasingly sought out the vital company, index, funds, reference and pricing data offered by Standard & Poor’s to support their financial models and company and industry analysis.

467 Data Services - Reference Data We provide global reference data solutions including securities identification and cross-referencing, corporate actions, descriptive and fundamental data, credit ratings and the only service to link business entities with financial securities. Data Services - Securities Pricing Data We provide independent fixed-income evaluations and global pricing services that support securities operations, fund pricing and portfolio management worldwide. Default Filter™ A complete system for default probability model development, with ongoing data management, validation and stress testing tools Standard & Poor’s Default Filter™ provides financial institutions with a complete tool kit for developing, validating, and stress testing default probability models based on the institution’s own credit factors. Disclosure Directory Disclosure Directory provides easy access to publicly available disclosure information relevant to the municipal bond market. Disclosure Directory provides easy access to publicly available disclosure information relevant to the municipal bond market. Disclosure Plus Health Care Your Credit Connection to Health Care Investors Diversified Trends Indicator (DTI) Dividend Growth Basket Dividend Record Your Comprehensive Resource for Corporate Action Data

E Earnings Guide Wall Street’s consensus estimates on the earnings of over 6,800 publicly traded stocks Educational Guides Informative Booklets for Today’s Investor Emerging Markets Database Standard & Poor’s EMDB is the world’s leading source for information and indices on stock markets in developing countries. Enrollment Kits Helping Plan Participants Get Started with Financial Planning Entity Credit Ratings Demonstrates Your Organization’s Creditworthiness European MarketScope Live Equity Commentary and Analysis EuroThesys Life & Non-Life Detailed European Reports and Account Data EuroThesys Life & Non-Life consists of detailed report & accounts data on European life and non-life insurance companies. ExecuComp Valuable Executive Compensation Reports and Research

F Fair Value Pricing Bond Services Standard & Poor’s Securities Evaluations (formerly J.J. Kenny), provides timely and indepen-

468 dent fixed income evaluations to monitor portfolios, price statements, calculate margin, analyze holdings and fulfill regulatory requirements. Financial Communications Focused on Creative Financial Marketing Financial Enhancement Ratings Evaluating Insurance and Financial Payment Timeliness Financial Library - Client Ready Your Online Source for Current Financial Articles Financial Strength Ratings Demonstrates an Insurer’s Credit Worthiness Fixed Income Research An in-depth resource for investment professionals who recommend bonds. Comprised of Com- mentary, Corporate Bond Reports, and the Bond Report Filter, Fixed Income offers objective information for your reference. Fund-Based Portfolios Enhancing Portfolios with Fund Expertise Fund Advisor Standard & Poor’s Fund Advisor provides unbiased, objective and credible opinions to the mutual fund marketplace with analysis and advice on all aspects of the mutual fund sector. Fund Fact Sheets The Cost-Effective Solution for Your Fund Information Needs Fund Solutions Custom Solutions for Financial Web Sites Funds in Focus Timely highlights on funds that are performing well

G Gap Analysis Examine how well your present capabilities meet the requirements of the New Basel Capital Accord A Risk Solutions Gap Analysis will review your current position including data processes and procedures, controls, and quantitative systems. GICS Direct Access the new standard for Industry Classification GICS History Historical GICS assignments GICS® (Global Industry Classification Standard) Global Pricing Service Global Securities Pricing Data The Global Pricing Service is provided through a strategic alliance between Standard & Poor’s and Telekurs Financial. Global Ratings Handbook The Complete Guide To Standard & Poor’s Ratings For Taxable Issues This monthly handbook centralizes key rating information - including short- and long-term issuer credit ratings, CreditWatch and rating outlooks. Global Reinsurance Highlights Commentary and Analysis of the Global Reinsurance Mar- ket Governance and Risk An authoritative global framework for understanding and benchmarking. Provides a solid conceptual grounding on the principal themes of governance in today’s global corporate arena. It’s straightforward and authoritative, with compelling insights into today’s key micro (internal) and macro(external)governance issues.

469 Governance Country Studies Government Investment Pools Rating GIP Credit Quality and Volatility

H Housing Call Reports Redemption histories on Bonds Standard & Poor’s Housing Call Reports is your only source of detailed, maturity- specific redemption histories on over 37,000 CUSIPs from over 2,700 single family state housing agencies. How Charts Can Help You in the Stock Market The classic introduction to technical analysis, with valuable strategies for all investors and traders As straightforward and easy-to-understand as its title. Shows you how to use technical indicators to get the best price on all of your buys and sells, and make charting an essential & profitable component of your everyday investing and trading arsenal. Hypotheticals

I Index Alert Alerting You to Changes in S&P U.S. Indices Index Alert - Australia The source for all Standard & Poor’s Australian index data and announcements Standard & Poor’s Australian Index Alert tracks the changes and adjustments that affect the composition and constituent weightings of the Standard & Poor’s Australian index series including... Index Directories Buy-side targeting program for S&P 500, 400 and 600 constituents. Industry Surveys The Fast Track to Industry Knowledge Industry Surveys (Global) Regional overviews of the world’s leading industries Institutional Portfolio Construction & Management Helping Institutions Build Competitive Portfolios Interactive Stock Reports Internal Rating Performance Services Create value-added tables from your internal ratings database Risk Solutions’ Internal Rating Performance Services enables your financial institution to create value-added tables extracted from your own internal database of historical rating behavior. Internal Rating Systems Evaluating and developing credit assessment methodologies Risk Solutions can review the effectiveness of your Internal Rating Systems methodologies compared to Standard & Poor’s methodologies, processes and systems — and identify areas where the system or its application may need improvement. International Directories UK and European Pension Funds Investor Relations Services Standard & Poor’s provides a wide-array of services to Investor Relations professionals seek-

470 ing to increase visibility with retail and institutional investors, comply with regulatory requirements, and understand their competitors. ISID-Plus Comprehensive Database of Worldwide Securities Identifiers Standard & Poor’s ISID-Plus is a comprehensive database of security identifiers — cross- referencing over 590,000 issues and over 1.9 million official identifiers (including ISINs). Issue Credit Ratings Ratings on Long-, Medium- and Short-Term Debt Securities Issuer Credit Ratings Demonstrates and Benchmarks a Public Sector Entity’s Creditworthi- ness

K KENNYBASE Comprehensive On-line Fixed Income Database Standard & Poor’s KENNYBASE is an on-line fixed income database - containing accurate descriptions on municipal and corporate securities. KennyWeb Your Source for On-line Fixed Income Information Kennyweb is your on-line source for Standard & Poor’s fixed income information. Using Kennyweb you can easily access descriptions on 1.5 million municipal and corporate securities, historical municipal bond evaluations, and housing call information.

L LEVELS Mortgage Risk Analysis Right On Your Desktop Listing Services Awareness / Visibility programs for Investor Relations professionals Lloyd’s Syndicate Assessments 2004 Evaluation of the Financial Strength of Syndicates operating in the Lloyd’s of London Insurance Market In depth analysis of over 45 Syndicates at Lloyd’s. LossStats® Database The most comprehensive and robust commercially assembled set of credit loss information Standard & Poor’s LossStatsSM Database offers you the most comprehensive and robust set of credit loss information ever commercially assembled. LossStats® Model A flexible, well understood, model for Loss Given Default backed by a robust theoretical framework and a growing set of global databases. LossStatsSM Model is a flexible tool which allows you to run “what-if” scenarios to customize your analysis to your individual portfolio.

M Management Quality Measuring Excellence in the Top Mutual Funds. Mapping Benchmark your internal ratings to ratings from Standard & Poor’s Risk Solutions’ Mapping allows you to effectively calibrate your internally generated scores to Standard & Poor’s globally recognizable letter-grade rating scale. Market Insight Your Single Source for On-line Financial Information and Research

471 Market Month Exclusive Buy/Sell Recommendations Every Month MarketScope Essential news and analysis, recommendations and strategies, current opinions and stock picks from Standard & Poor’s team of 90 equity analysts, market strategists and economists. MasterFeed Your Source For Consolidated End-of-Day Data Feeds Standard & Poor’s MasterFeed is your single source for CUSIP-based, end-of-day North American pricing and securities data. Measuring and Managing Credit Risk State-of-the-art tools and techniques for controlling credit risk exposure of all types, in every environment. Details a powerful, proven program for understanding and controlling your firm’s credit risk. Providing hands-on answers on practical topics from capital management to correlations, and supporting its theories with discerning data and insights. MMD Access Database of pension fund sponsors, endowments, foundations, investment advisors and consultants. MMD Mailing Lists Customized mailing lists selected from our database of pension fund sponsors, endorsments, foundations, investment advisors, consultants, and brokers dealers. Model Development Custom models for consistent and efficient credit evaluations Risk Solutions provides custom modeling services that meet your specific needs. Risk Solu- tions can work with your data to tailor models to your particular experience. Model Evaluation Objectively evaluating internal and third-party models Risk Solutions offers Model Evaluation Services to provide objective evaluations of internal models, as well as insight and assistance into the evaluation of third-party models. Money Market Fund Ratings Evaluating the Overall Safety of Money Funds Municipal Bond Indices Performance Benchmarks for Municipal Fund Managers To meet the demand for performance benchmarks by municipal fund managers, Standard & Poor’s and Investortools, Inc. developed the Standard & Poor’s /Investortool Municipal Bond Indices. Municipal Historical Evaluations Data Fast Access to Daily Historical Municipal Bond Evalu- ations Standard & Poor’s Historical Evaluations Data service provides you with daily historical municipal bond evaluations and descriptive information. Municipal Index Service Customized Yield Benchmarks for Tax-exempt Securities Standard & Poor’s Municipal Index Service is a customized, independent source of yield benchmarks for variable rate tax-exempt securities. Current indexes available range in maturity from 7 to 30 days, six months, one year, and out to 20 years. Municipal Yield Curve Daily and Month-end Yield Curves Standard & Poor’s provides daily and month-end municipal yield curves. Mutual Fund Reports Comprehensive reports on over 13,000 funds

472 N NetAdvantage Your single source for business and investment information. Newsletters & Magazines Custom and Private Label Communications

O Odd Lot/Retail Pricing Odd Lot/Retail Bond Evaluations Standard & Poor’s municipal bond evaluations assume an institutional-size position (a “round- lot” of $1 million). But Retail Investors typically purchase bonds in amounts less than a round- lot, which are known as “odd-lots.” The bid side market value... Open Enrollment Courses Obtain valuable insight into key current credit-related issues Outlook & Outlook Online Proprietary weekly strategies and online updates from the award- winning research team at Standard & Poor’s

P Peer Analysis Reports Benchmarks Your Organization’s Performance and Ratings Profile Against Your Peers Pension Funds and Their Investment Managers, (The Money Market Directory of) Institutional Plan Sponsors and Money Managers Plan Participant Newsletters Quarterly Updates on Retirement Plan Benefits Portfolio Advisor Portfolio Risk Tracker Standard & Poor’s portfolio risk management model Portfolio Risk Tracker is Standard & Poor’s portfolio risk model, enabling financial institutions to measure their risk and assess the risk contributions of individual facilities or sub-portfolios to their total portfolio risk. Private Credit Analysis Provides Credit Analysis to Help You Manage Risk Improving Your Credit Management Efficiency Private Placement Numbers Assigning PPNs for Insurance Companies In October 1988, the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) mandated the use of a uniform private placement number (PPN) by insurers to identify such investments in the annual statements filed with state regulatory authorities... Professional Investor Insight® Online Buy-side Research for Investor Relations Profes- sionals

Q Quality Trends

R Rating Evaluation Service Assess Your Rating Outcome before Implementing Your Plan Ratings IQuery

473 Ratings IQuery is a powerful web-based query and reporting tool that helps you create detailed, customized reports, delivering robust ratings analysis to your desktop. RatingsDirect® Credit Market Insight at Your Fingertips RatingsDirect®, the real-time, Web-based source for Standard & Poor’s global credit ratings, research, and risk analysis. RatingsXpress - Credit Ratings Real-time Credit Ratings Information RatingsXpress Credit Ratings is a customizable digital feed of Standard & Poor’s credit ratings information available to you in your choice of formats, including XML. RatingsXpress - Credit Research Real-time Credit Research Information RatingsXpress offers real-time ratings coverage of the Global Issuers, Structured Finance, and U.S. Public Finance market segments. Real Estate Equity Fund Manager Assessments Single Source Analyses of Real Estate Equity Managers Real Estate Finance Rating the Risks of Commercial Mortgages Reference Entity Link Securities Identification and Descriptive information Available only to Markit RED subscribers, Reference Entity Link provides the full issuer and issue picture behind each CLIP code. It automatically identifies all the issuers and issues associated with each Markit RED entity. Register of Corporations, Directors & Executives Resource for corporate information and executive biographies Registered Investment Advisors, Directory of Registered Investment Advisors REITs & REOCs Evaluating the risks of REITs and real estate companies Research Insight Customizable Software to Support Investment Analysis Research Insight on the Web Global Data delivered over the Web into Excel Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities Risk Adjusted Mortgage Analytics Retirement Plan Services Turn-Key 401(k) Plan Services

S S&P All STARS S&P Global Index Data Alerting You to Changes in S&P Global Indices S&P PowerPicks Portfolio The S&P PowerPicks 2006 Portfolio represents the collective “best ideas” by the Standard & Poor’s analyst team. School Evaluation Services Sector Investor Strategic Direction for Investment Advisors Securities DataManager Intraday Delivery of Fixed Income Descriptive Data Delivering continuous intra-day updates on over 2.2 million municipal and corporate issues, Securities Data Manager address the dealer community’s need for timely reporting of fixed- income securities, providing updated securities data within 15 minutes of release.

474 Securities Week Events and people in the securities and futures industry Security-Based Portfolios Independent Analysis and Advice for Institutional Clients Security Circle Icon Security Dealers of North America Directory of the brokerage industry Security to Entity CrossWalk Linking Business Entities and Securities - the first service to link business entities with financial securities. The service links the comprehensive databases of security idenf tifers - ISIDPlus, CUSIP Service Bureau and the ANNA Service Bureau, to the D&B corporate entity heirarchy database. Seminars - Client Ready An Interactive Way to Educate Audiences on Financial Planning Servicer Evaluations A Global Benchmark of Servicing Quality SMA Evaluator Empowering advisors to research, analyze, compare and track separately managed accounts (SMA’s) SPIRE Cashflow Model Standard & Poor’s SPIRE™. It’s like having your own Standard & Poor’s Cash Flow Analyst Standard & Poor’s Custom Business Unit Save Time with Customized and Focused Data Standard & Poor’s Guide for The New Investor Proven techniques for building a strong investment portfolio—whether you are 25 or 55. If you’re like most Americans, you could do better when it comes to investing your money. This book shows novice investors how to lay a solid investment foundation designed to become a lucrative, lifetime financial plan. Standard & Poor’s Guide to Long-Term Investing Seven steps to making money in today’s stock market without risking what you already have Investors know that the key to long-term investment success lies in following a disciplined, commonsense, and historically proven program. This book reveals this program and will show how to begin laying a safe and solid path to a strong financial future. Standard & Poor’s Guide to Personal Finance Personal finance guidelines from Standard & Poor’s, the world’s most trusted source for financial data and direction. The Standard & Poor’s Guide to Personal Finance shows you how to manage the entire spectrum of day-to-day money matters, providing the hands-on strategies and techniques you need without being buried in irrelevant data. This hands-on guide tackles important, everyday issues from tax and debt management to long-term care, estate planning, personal investing, and more. Standard & Poor’s Guide to Saving and Investing for College Navigate today’s confus- ing, costly college tuition landscape Just about all families are daunted by the prospect of paying for their children’s college. This books helps parents determine how much they need to save, the least costly payment methods, where to look for student loans and scholarships and more.

475 Standard & Poor’s Investor Book Series Valuable advice for every investor and trader from the most trusted name in investment information. Through our series of investment books, we bring the impressive knowledge and resources from our team to some of today’s most challenging financial issues.

Standard & Poor’s Leveraged Commentary & Data Delivers Transaction Profiles to the Leveraged Loan Market Standard & Poor’s Guide to Money & Investing Reduces the Complexities of Financial Markets and Bonds, Stocks, Indices and Mutual Funds for Average Investor Standard & Poor’s Guide to Selecting Stocks Finding the Winners and Weeding Out the Losers STock Appreciation Ranking System (STARS) Stock Guide Financial data on more than 10,000 common and preferred stock issues. Stock Reports Standard & Poor’s Stock Reports are packed with reliable information, opinions and tools that can help you gauge the performance and potential of a stock. Surveillance Your Eye on Structured Finance Trends and Indices SynThesys Life & Non-Life FSA data for users of UK life & non-life Annual Return regulatory data SynThesys reports all lines of data as it appears in the FSA returns for UK Life + Non-Life Insurers.

T TAP Technical Analysis Programs Tax-Exempt Organizations, The Directory of Foundations and other Not-for-Profit Organi- zations TOP Tactical Optimisation Program Total Return Custom Reports for Total Return Statements Transparency & Disclosure Studies Trendline Current Market Perspectives Weekly price action and fundamental data Trendline Daily Action Stock Charts Aid to Timing Your Market Strategy

V Valordata Browser Instant Web-based Access to Corporate Actions Data The Telekurs Valordata Browser (VDB) is a Web-based application that lets you access a global securities Web server for pricing, corporate actions and descriptive data on stocks, bonds and derivatives, as well as company market information. Valordata Feed In-depth Fundamental and Corporate Action Data plus Valuation Pricing

476 Telekurs’ Valordata Feed (VDF), brought to you by Standard and Poor’s supplies you with fundamental and corporate events data in structured, encoded form — as well as valuation prices for over 1.6 million financial instruments. Variable Annuities Analysis and coverage of the variable annuities sector, and unbiased, objective and credible opinions to the annuities marketplace. Standard & Poor’s Variable Annuities enables you to access policy statements and subaccount reports to analyze and compare products, while providing clients with valuable information. Vista Research Vista Research is a specialized unit of Standard & Poor’s that provides institutional money managers with timely access to members of the Society of Industry Leaders — a growing network of more than 100,000 industry thought leaders and practitioners. Vista Research excels at locating the industry professionals who best meet your needs and then arranging a telephone consultation, often within hours. W Web Solutions Custom Solutions for Financial Web Sites Workstation/Micropal PC Based Analytical System Designed for the Presentation and Analy- sis of Collective Investment Fund Data X XstreamQuotes Real-time Streaming Stock Quotes Delivered to Your Desktop

4.7. FRS

Monetary Policy - Frequently Requested Telephone Numbers Banking Information and Regulation - Touring the Board Payment Systems - Purposes & Functions Economic Research and Data The Federal Reserve System Consumer Information - Structure of the Federal Reserve System Community Development - Federal Reserve Districts and Banks Reporting Forms - Federal Reserve District Bank and Branch Publications and Education Resources Directors - Federal Reserve Bank Presidents ABOUT THE FED - Federal Reserve Educational Sites The Federal Reserve Board - Holidays Observed by the Federal Reserve - Advisory Councils Other Central Banks - Board Meetings - Bank for International Settlements - Board Members - European Central Bank - Federal Reserve Act - Foreign Central Banks - Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) Requesting Information (Freedom of Information Act)

477 - FOIA Guide to Requesting Records or MONETARY POLICY Information Policymaking Related Web Sites - Federal Open Market Committee - Federal Reserve System—National Policy tools Information Center - Open market operations - Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation - The discount rate - Federal Financial Institutions Examination - Reserve requirements Council Reports - Financial and Banking Information Infrastructure Committee - Monetary Policy Report to the Congress - First Gov—Your First Click to the U.S. - Beige Book Government - U.S. Department of the Treasury BANKING INFORMATION AND REGULA- Air Transportation Stabilization Board TION Financial Crimes Enforcement Network: Actions and Applications Important bank advisories - Actions and Applications Received (H.2) Financial Management Service - Applications Subject to Public Comment Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (H.2A) (OCC) - Application Filing Information - Enforcement Actions NEWS AND EVENTS - Orders on Banking Applications Testimony and Speeches - Public Information Documents - Monetary Policy Report to the Congress - Public Meeting Transcripts - Testimony of Federal Reserve Officials Banking Data - Speeches of Federal Reserve Board - Beneficial Ownership Reports Members - Large Commercial Banks Press Releases - Minority-Owned Banks - Monetary Policy - U.S. Offices of Foreign Banks - Orders on Banking Applications Banking Structure - Banking and Consumer Regulatory Policy - Financial Holding Companies - Enforcement Actions - Interstate Branching - Other Announcements - National Information Center - All Press Releases - Securities Underwriting and Dealing Conferences Subsidiaries - The Payments System in Transition Basel II Capital Accord Services Community Reinvestment Act - E-mail notification for press releases and - Bank Ratings and Approved Strategic Plans other unscheduled postings - Survey on Performance of CRA-related - Personal digital assistant wireless service Lending Activities for press releases Homeland Security Information - E-mail notification for testimony and - Updates on Security Measures for speeches Financial Institutions

478 Legal Developments - Fiscal Agency Services - Legal Interpretations Federal Reserve Financial Services - Orders Issued under the Bank Holding Company Act ECONOMIC RESEARCH AND DATA - Orders Issued under the Bank Merger Act, Statistics: Releases and Historical Data Federal Reserve Act, and International Surveys and Reports Banking Act Staff Studies - Pending Cases Working Papers - Rulemaking Actions Federal Reserve Bulletin Regulations Research Staff and Resources Supervision Conferences - Shared National Credit Program - Supervision and Regulation Letters CONSUMER INFORMATION - Supervision Manuals Bank Accounts and Services - Supervisory Staff Reports - How to File a Consumer Complaint about a Bank PAYMENT SYSTEMS - Protecting Yourself from Overdraft and Payment Policies Bounced-Check Fees - Check Clearing for the 21st Century Act - When Is Your Check Not a Check? - Federal Reserve’s Key Policies for the Electronic Check Conversion Provision of Financial Services Consumer Credit - Fedwire: Self-Assessment of Compliance - Choosing a Credit Card with International Core Principles - Consumer Handbook to Credit Protection - The Future of Retail Electronic Payments Laws Systems: Industry Interviews and Analysis - Your Credit Report: What it Says about (314 KB PDF) You - The Payments System in Transition (on the web site of the Federal Reserve Conference 2003 Bank of San Francisco) - Payments System Risk Identity Theft - Sponsorship for Priority Telecommunica- - ID Theft: When Bad Things Happen to tion Services Your Good Name - The Use of Checks and Other Noncash (on the web site of the Federal Trade Payment Instruments in the United States Commission) (94 KB PDF) - Identity Theft Payment Services (on the web site of the Federal Reserve - Automated Clearinghouse Services Bank of Boston) - Check Restructuring Initiative at the - When a Criminal’s Cover Is Your Identity Reserve Banks (on the web site of the Federal Deposit - Check Services Insurance Corporation) - Currency and Coin Services Leasing - Fedwire and National Settlement Services - Keys to Vehicle Leasing: A Consumer Guide

479 Mortgages Minorities, and Small Businesses - Consumer Handbook on Adjustable-Rate Community Reinvestment Act Mortgages (254K PDF) - Bank ratings and approved strategic plans - Looking for the Best Mortgage: Shop, - Survey on performance of CRA-related Compare, Negotiate lending activities - Home Mortgages: Understanding the Fiscal Impact Tool Process and Your Right to Fair Lending Home Mortgage Disclosure Act Data - Putting Your Home on the Loan Line Is Public Hearings on Home Equity Lending Risky Business Community Development Programs in - What You Should Know about Home the Federal Reserve System Equity Lines of Credit EPORTING FORMS Personal Finance Forms by Category - Budgeting & Saving (on the web site of - Financial statements the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago) - Applications/structure change - Building Wealth: A Beginner’s Guide to - FFIEC Securing Your Financial Future(on the web site of the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas) - Monetary policy - Personal Financial Education - Research - Resource materials and tools (on the web - Business/consumer credit site of Federal Reserve Education) - Securities Exchange Act of 1934 - Privacy Choices for Your Personal - Municipal and government securities Financial Information - Activities monitoring - 66 Ways to Save Money (on the web site Information Collections under Review of the Federal Citizens Information Center) Application Filing Information Guide to Regulatory and Financial COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT Electronic Reporting Community Affairs Research Confer- ences PUBLICATIONS AND EDUCATION - Promises and Pitfalls RESOURCES - Changing Financial Markets and Publications Community Development - Annual Report - Business Access to Capital and Credit - Reports to the Congress Community Development Investments - Research - Regulatory guidance and resource - Federal Reserve Bulletin information on community development - Staff Studies investments - Statistics: Releases and Historical Data - Profiles of the organizations in which bank - Surveys and Reports holding companies and state member - Working Papers banks have invested - Index of Federal Reserve Economic Community Development Publications Research (on the web site of the Federal - Capital Connections Newsletter ReserveBank of San Francisco) - A Guide to Business Credit for Women,

480 - Supervision Manuals - FED 101 (on the web site of the Federal - Brochures Reserve Education) - Ordering Publications - In Plain English: Making Sense of the - From the Board Federal Reserve (on the web site of the - From the Federal Reserve System Online Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis) Catalog (on the web site of the Federal - Peanuts & Crackerjacks—Economics of Reserve Bank of New York) Pro Team Sports (on the web site of the - Requesting Information through the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston) Freedom of Information Act - Personal Financial Education Education Resources - Building Wealth (on the web site of the CAREER OPPORTUNITIES Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas) Current Openings

INDEX A Accrued Interest, treatment of Argentina Address Armenia, Republic of Administrative Tribunal of the IMF Article IV, List of Recent Consultations Afghanistan, Islamic Republic of Article IV Missions, Concluding Remarks Albania Article IV Staff Reports Algeria Articles of Agreement Angola Aruba, Kingdom of the Netherlands Annual Meetings Asia and the Pacific, Regional Office for Annual Report Asian Crisis Antigua and Barbuda Australia Anti-Money Laundering Austria Architecture, International Monetary System Author Information Archives Azerbaijan Republic

B Bahamas, The Bolivia Bahrain, Kingdom of Bookstore, IMF Balance of Payments BOP, Balance of Payments Bosnia and Herzegovina Bangladesh Botswana Banking System Brazil Barbados Brunei Darussalam Belarus, Republic of Buffer Stock Financing Facility Belgium Bulgaria Belize Burkina Faso Benin Burundi Bhutan By-Laws, Rules and Regulations

481 C Calendar of Events Comoros Calendar, Executive Board’s Weekly Compensatory and Contingency Financing Cambodia Facility Cameroon Concluding Remarks of Article IV Missions Canada Conditionality Cape Verde Conferences Capital Markets Consultative Group (CMCG) Congo, Democratic Republic of the Career, at the IMF Congo, Republic of Carstens, Agustín Contact the IMF Center, IMF Contingent Credit Lines Central African Republic Convenio Constitutivo Chad Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey, Chile (CPIS) China, People’s Republic of Copyright and Usage Chronology, IMF Corruption Civic Program, IMF Courses, IMF Institute Civil Society Organizations and the IMF Country Policy Intentions Documents Civil Society Newsletter Country Reports in full text CMCG, Capital Markets Consultative Group Costa Rica Code of Good Practices on Fiscal Côte d’Ivoire Transparency Coune, Alain Code of Good Practices on Transparency Country Assessments in Monetary and Financial Policies Country Information Codes, Balance of Payments CPIS - Coordinated Portfolio Investment Colombia Survey Commentaries and Views Creating Links to www.imf.org Comments about this Web site Croatia, Republic of Commodity Prices Criticisms of the IMF Communications, Integrating and CSOs and the IMF Operations Currency Composition of Official Foreign Community Relations Exchange Reserves Communiques Cyprus Czech Republic

D Data, COFER Data Template on International Reserves and Data, External Debt Foreign Currency Liquidity Data, International Financial Statistics Dawson, Thomas C. Data, Primary Commodity Prices de Rato, Rodrigo Data, World Economic Outlook Database Debt Relief Data Dissemination Standards Decisions, Selected and Selected Documents

482 Denmark Disbursements and Repayments Depository Library Program Disclosure Policy, IMF Development Committee Diversity at the IMF Dictionnaire multilingue Djibouti Direct Investment Methodology Dominica Directory of Economic, Commodity and Dominican Republic Development Organizations Donor Meetings, IMF Statements at

E Econometric Model ESF Economic Issues Estonia, Republic of Ecuador Ethics, IMF Staff Educational Material Ethiopia Egypt, Arab Republic of Evaluation of IMF Work Ein Mehrsprachiges Verzeichnis Events El Salvador Exchange Rates E-Mail Notification Sign Up Executive Board’s Weekly Calendar Emergency Assistance Executive Directors Emerging Market Financing Exhibits Employment Opportunities Exogenous Shocks Facility (ESF) EMU Ex-Post Assessments Environment External Debt Statistics Equatorial Guinea Eritrea F FMI Boletín Financial System Stability Assessments FMI Bulletin (FSSAs) FSAP Annual Report FSSA Financial Sector Assessment Program Factsheets Financial Statistics, International Fiji Financial Transactions Plan Finance & Development Magazine Finland Financial Disclosure Policy for IMF Staff Fiscal Transparency Financial Facilities Forecasts Financial and Monetary Policies - For Journalists Transparency Forums Financial Market Update France Financial Resources and Liquidity Position French Web Site Financial Soundness Indicators (FSIs) and Frequently Asked Questions the IMF Fund Rates Financial Statements of the IMF

483 G G-5 Global Financial Stability Reports G-7 Globalization G-8 Glosario multilingüe G-10 Glossary G-15 Gold G-22 Governance G-24 Government Finance Statistics Manual G-30 Governors G-33 Greece G-77 Grenada GAB Group of 5 Gabon Group of 7 Gambia, The Group of 8 GEM: A New International Macroeconomic Group of 10 Model Group of 15 General Arrangements to Borrow and New Group of 22 Arrangements to Borrow Group of 24 General Data Dissemination System Group of 30 (GDDS) Group of 33 Georgia Group of 77 Germany Guatemala GFS (Government Finance Statistics) Guinea Manual Guinea-Bissau Ghana Guyana H Haiti Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) People’s Republic of China Hino, Hiroyuki How to apply for employment History, see Chronology How to order publications History, 1979-1989 Hungary Honduras I Iceland IMF Civic Program IEO, Independent Evaluation Office IMF Contacts IFS Online IMF-Directions and Map (31k, pdf file) IMF Administrative Tribunal IMF Financial Activities IMFC IMF Headquarters: Business Hours and IMF Center Holiday Schedule

484 IMF in Focus International Capital Markets Reports IMF Institute International Financial Statistics Online IMF Research Bulletin—a quarterly journal International Investment Position IMF-Singapore Regional Training Institute International Monetary and Financial IMF Staff Ethics, Financial Disclosure, and Committee Dispute Resolution International Reserves and Foreign IMF Staff Papers—a journal of the IMF Currency Liquidity IMF Survey—A biweekly magazine International Trade in Services Incidence of a Longer-Term Program Internships Engagement Investments Independent Evaluation Office (IEO) Iran, Islamic Republic of India Iraq Indonesia Ireland Inflation Targets Israel Interest Accrued, treatment of Issues Briefs Interest rates, SDR Italy IWF-Terminologie J Jamaica Joint BIS-IMF-OECD-World Bank Statistics Japan on External Debt Japan Administered Accounts For Joint Staff Advisory Notes Technical Assistance and Training Joint Vienna Institute Jordan Joint World Bank - IMF Library Job Opportunities Journalists Page Joint Africa Institute Journals JVI Joint Vienna Institute K Kato, Takatoshi Korea, Republic of Kazakhstan, Republic of Krueger, Anne O. Khan, Mohsin S. Kuwait Kenya Kyrgyz Republic Kiribati

L Lao People’s Democratic Republic Lesotho Larsen, Flemming Letters of Intent Latvia, Republic of Liberia Lebanon Library Legal Issues and Governance Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Socialist People’s Lending Linking to www.imf.org

485 Liquidity Position Location List Serve, see E-Mail Notification London Club Lithuania, Republic of Longer-Term Program Engagement Liuksila, Claire Luxembourg M Macao Special Administrative Region of the Meetings, Annual and Spring People’s Republic of China Member Country Publications Macedonia, former Yugoslav Republic of Members Madagascar Members’ Accounts in the IMF Malawi Members’ Positions in the Fund Malaysia Memorandums of Economic and Financial Maldives Policies Mali Mexico Malta Micronesia, Federated States of Management and Senior Staff Millennium Development Goals, MDGs Managing Directors of the IMF Models, Econometric Manual on Balance of Payments Statistics GEM Manual on Balance of Payments Statistics, MULTIMOD Supplement to the Fifth Edition Moldova, Republic of Manual on Government Finance Statistics Monetary and Financial Policies - Transpar- Manual on Monetary and Financial Statistics ency Manual on Statistics of International Trade Monetary and Financial Statistics Manual in Services Money Laundering Manual on Quarterly National Accounts Mongolia Marshall Islands, Republic of the Morocco Mauritania Mozambique, Republic of Mauritius Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (MDRI) MDGs, Millennium Development Goals MULTIMOD Econometric Model MDRI Myanmar N NAB New Zealand Namibia News National Accounts A Discussion on News Briefs Accrual Accounting of Interest News, Questions in the National Accounts: SNA News and Notes Nicaragua Nepal Niger Netherlands, Kingdom of the Netherlands Nigeria Netherlands Antilles, Kingdom of the Nonperforming Loans in Macroeconomic Netherlands Statistics— An Online Discussion Norway

486 O Office for Asia and the Pacific (OAP) Order information, Publications Offshore Financial Centers (OFCs) Organization Chart Oman Outlook, World Economic P Pakistan Policy Papers, IMF Palau, Republic of Policy Support Instruments (PSI) Panama Portfolio Investment Papua New Guinea Portugal Paraguay Postconflict Countries Paris Club Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility Pensions, The Treatment of in Macroeco- Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers nomic Statistics - An online discussion Press Conference Transcripts Permissions, Copyright and Press Contacts Peru Press Releases Philippines Privacy Policy (IMF Website) Photographs Private Sector Pilot Project, Article IV Staff Reports Procurement PINs, Public Information Notices PSI PPI, Developing a Revised Manual Public Engagements of IMF Management Poland, Republic of Public Information Notices Policy Discussion Papers Publications Policy Framework Papers Publications Stockists and Distributors Q Qatar Questions in the News Quarterly National Accounts Manual Quotas R Rajan, Raghuram G. Reports on Observance of Standards and Rates Codes Rato y Figaredo, Rodrigo Research at the IMF Recent Titles Research Projects Recruitment Resident Representative Offices, IMF Reform of the IMF Resource Revenue Transparency, Draft Reform of the International Financial Guide Review of Access Policy System Romania Remittances Statistics ROSCS, Reports on Observance of Reports on the Incidence of a Longer-Term Standards and Codes Program Engagement Russian Federation Rwanda

487 S Safeguards Assessments, Semi-Annual Spain Updates Spanish Web Site Samoa Special Data Dissemination Standard San Marino Special Drawing Rights São Tomé and Príncipe Speeches Saudi Arabia Spring Meetings Schedule of Press Briefings and Speeches Sri Lanka by Senior IMF Officials St. Kitts and Nevis Scholarships St. Lucia SDRM St. Vincent and the Grenadines SDRs Staff Contacts Selected Decisions and Selected Staff Papers Documents of the IMF Standard Setting Agencies Seminars Standards & Codes Senegal Statistical Topics Senior Officials of the IMF Statistics on External Debt Serbia and Montenegro Statistics, Manual on Government Finance Seychelles Statistics, Manual on Monetary and Sierra Leone Financial Sign Up for E-Mail Notification Statistics, Manual on Balance of Payments Singapore Statistics, Financial Derivatives: a Supple- Singapore Regional Training Institute ment to the Manual on Balance of Payments Singh, Anoop Status of Arrangements Slovak Republic Students, IMF Material for Slovenia, Republic of Subscriptions SNA News and Notes Sudan Snow line and emergency information (IMF Summer Interns Headquarters) Supplier Registration, Procurement Social Dimensions Suriname Solomon Islands Surveillance Somalia Swaziland South Africa Sweden Sovereign Debt Restructuring Mechanism Switzerland (SDRM) Syrian Arab Republic T Tajikistan, Republic of Ter-Minassian, Teresa Tanzania Terminología del FMI Technical Assistance Terminologie du FMI

488 Terminology, IMF Transparency, Fiscal Terms and Conditions Transparency at the IMF Terrorism, Combating the Financing Transparency in Monetary and Financial Thailand Policies TIM, Trade Integration Mechanism Treatment of Nonperforming Loans in Timor-Leste, Democratic Republic of Macroeconomic Statistics — An Online Discussion Togo Tonga Treatment of Pension Schemes in Macroeconomic Statistics — An Online Topics, Selected World Economic Outlook Discussion (1995-2002) Trinidad and Tobago Trade Integration Mechanism (TIM) Tunisia Training Turkey Transcripts Turkmenistan U Uganda United States Ukraine Uruguay UN System Use of Fund Credit United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan, Republic of United Kingdom

V Vacancies Vietnam Vanuatu Views and Commentaries Venezuela, República Bolivariana de Visit to the IMF Videos Visitors, Briefings for Vienna Institute, Joint Voting Power W Webcasts, IMF World Economic Outlook WEO, World Economic Outlook World Economic Outlook Databases Working Papers World Economic Outlook, Selected Topics, Work in Progress 1995 - present Workshops World Trade Organization (WTO) and the World Bank IMF

489 4.8. ECB

ORGANISATION ECB, ESCB and the Eurosystem • ECB opinions Tasks Monetary policy Decision-making • Monetary policy instruments • Governing Council • Minimum reserves • Executive Board • Sanctions • General Council • Financial assistance Independence • ECB opinions Transparency Payment and settlement systems Accountability • TARGET Corporate governance • ECB opinions Capital subscription Banknotes and coins, means of payment History and currency matters Economic and Monetary Union • Euro banknotes European Community • Coin issuance EU enlargement • Protection of the euro For visitors • Cash changeover Visiting the ECB • Exchange rate mechanism II Photo gallery • ECB opinions Map and road directions Statistics New premises • General statistics Legal framework • Money and banking statistics Legal framework of the ESCB • Financial accounts • Treaty establishing the European • External transactions and positions Community • Confidentiality • Relevant Protocols annexed to the • ECB opinions Treaties Administrative rules of the ECB • Relevant Declarations annexed to the • Conditions of employment and similar Treaties provisions • Statute of the ESCB and of the ECB • Fraud prevention • Statutes of the national central banks • Transparency • ECB opinions • ECB opinions ECB institutional provisions Financial market stability • Rules of procedure • ECB opinions • Capital of the ECB All by date • Foreign reserves Public consultations • Accounting, reporting and auditing Current • Monetary income Previous

490 Job opportunities TV services & webcasts Procurement Webcasts of ECB press conferences Tenders Footages for TV stations Archive Details of downlinking for TV stations PRESS Press pictures Introduction Decision-making bodies Press releases Press contacts By date EVENTS By activities Calendars • ECB Meetings of the Governing Council and the • Monetary policy General Council • Statistics Statistical calendars • Payments & securities • Prices, output, demand and labour • Financial stability and supervision • Money, banking and financial markets • International and European co- • Financial and capital accounts and operation government finance • Banknotes & coins • External transactions and positions • Legal Eurosystem’s tender operations • Others Conferences & seminars Weekly financial statements Upcoming & call for papers • Statistical press releases Past • Monetary developments in the euro Exhibitions & cultural events area Upcoming • Euro area securities issues statistics Past • Euro area balance of payments PUBLICATIONS • Financing and financial investment in Introduction the euro area Monthly Bulletin • Euro area investment fund statistics Editorials • MFI interest rate statistics • 2005 Governing Council decisions • All years Monetary policy decisions Statistics pocket book • Other decisions Annual Report Press conferences Convergence Report Speeches & Interviews Publications by activity By date ECB By speaker Monetary policy • President Statistics • Vice-President Payments & securities • Board Members Financial stability and supervision Weekly schedule International and European co-operation

491 Banknotes & coins • Coefficients of cross-country variation Legal Long-term interest rate Others Market indices Research & Occasional papers Monetary Financial Institutions Working paper series • General information By date • MFI statistical report By author • List of MFIs Occasional paper series • List of MFIs in Accession Countries • By date • MFI data access • By author • Frequently asked questions Information brochures Bank lending survey All publications by date Financial and capital accounts and STATISTICS government finance Introduction Non-financial sectors Key indicators Financial sectors Monetary operations Saving, investment and financing Key interest rates Government finance Minimum reserves and liquidity External transactions and positions Prices, output, demand and labour Balance of payments HICP and prices External trade in goods National accounts and output indicators International investment position SURVEY INDICATORS International reserves • ECB survey of professional forecast- • Template on international reserves ers - SPF Exchange rates Labour market indicators Euro foreign exchange reference rates Money, banking and financial markets Daily nominal effective exchange rate Monetary statistics Developments outside the euro area Monetary aggregates Other EU countries • MFI balance sheets Outside the EU • Historical time series Comparison of developments • Sectoral data Payments and securities settlements • Seasonal adjustment Payments • E-money Securities settlement • Cross-border positions Data services Investment funds EBI Securities issues Download area • Country breakdown of euro area Latest monetary, financial markets and aggregates balance of payments statistics MFI interest rate Subscription • MFI interest rate GESMES

492 Frequently asked questions The Netherlands Links Austria BANKNOTES & COINS Portugal Introduction Finland Euro banknotes History Design Political background Security features Preparation of the euro banknotes • Feel The cash changeover • Look Euro 2002 Information Campaign • Tilt Changeover photos • Additional features Children’s corner • Did you know...? MONETARY POLICY For the visually impaired Introduction Mutilated banknotes Strategy Counterfeiting Principles Euro coins Definition of price stability Common side Economic analysis National sides Monetary analysis • 2 commemorative coins Communication Security features Decisions For the visually impaired Implementation Collector coins Introduction Frequently asked questions Open market operations Printing and minting Standing facilities Circulation Minimum reserves Information campaign review Liquidity analysis Design Collateral issues Latest figures • Eligible assets Information materials • Use of collateral Banknote recycling • User standards for SSSs Reproduction rules • Eligible SSSs Exchanging national cash Economic developments Belgium Euro area economy Germany PAYMENTS & SECURITIES Greece Introduction Spain TARGET France Current system Ireland • Overview Italy • Participation Luxembourg • Payment processing

493 • TARGET compensation Securities • Liquidity • Trading • Pricing • Clearing • EPM • Settlement TARGET 2 project • Integration Collateral issues Blue Book Eligible assets Policy issues Use of collateral Payments oversight User standards for SSSs • Large-value payment systems Eligible SSSs • Retail payment systems Market infrastructures • Payment instruments Payments Oversight of securities market infrastructure • Large-value payment systems • Trading • Retail payment systems • Clearing • Payment instruments • Settlement • e-PSO • Custody • ESCB-CESR Single euro payments area (SEPA)

494 5 . MOKSLO BEI TECHNOLOGIJØ TYRIMØ IR PATENTØ DB ABËCËLINË RODYKLË

(http://www.cas.org/ONLINE/DBSS/dbsslist.html)

STN DB Pilnas DB pavadinimas Apimama sritis Atnaujinama kodas AEROSPACE Aerospace and High Technology Aerospace research Mënesinis Databaseand development ALUMINIUM Aluminium Industry Abstracts Aluminum industry Mënesinis (AIA) ANTE Abstracts in New Technologies New technologies and Mënesinis and Engineering engineering AQUALINE Aqualine Water resources and data Mënesinis hydrological cycle AQUASCI Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Marine science Mënesinis Abstracts BIOENG Biotechnology and Bioengineering Biotechnology information Mënesinis Abstracts CERAB Ceramic Abstracts Ceramics Mënesinis CIVILENG Civil Engineering Abstracts Civil engineering literature 2 savait. COMPUAB Computer and Information Computers and information Mënesinis Systems Abstracts systems CONFSCI Conference Papers Index Multidisciplinary conference Kas 2 and meeting papers mënesius. COPPERLIT Copper Data Center Database Copper, copper alloys, Mënesinis and copper technology CORROSION Corrosion Abstracts Corrosion science and Kas 2 engineering mënes. ELCOM Electronics and Communications Electronic systems and Mënesinis Abstracts circuits and communications EMA Engineered Materials Abstracts Materials science Mënesinis ENVIROENG Environmental Engineering Environmental engineering Mënesinis Abstracts information HEALSAFE Health and Safety Science Health and safety Mënesinis Abstracts LIFESCI Life Sciences Collection Agriculture, life sciences, Mënesinis and veterinary science LISA Library and Information Science Library and Information 2 savait. Abstracts sciences MATBUS Materials Business Applications for iron, steel, Mënesinis non-ferrous metals, and engineering materials

495 MDF Metals DataFile Property data for ferrous and ... nonferrous alloys MECHENG Mechanical and Mechanical and 2 savait. transportation Transportation engineering Engineering Abstracts METADEX Metals Abstracts Metallurgy and materials Mënesinis /Allo Index OCEAN Oceanic Abstracts Oceanography and marine Mënesinis biology POLLUAB Pollution Abstracts Pollution Mënesinis SOLIDSTATE Solid State and Solid state studies of metallic, Mënesinis Superconductivity plastic, and ceramic materials Abstracts WATER Water Resources Technical and scientific Mënesinis Abstracts resources on water-related topics WELDA- WELDASEARCH Welding and allied processes Mënesinis SEARCH

· 1MOBILITY - (Global Mobility Bibliographic Database) - (Revised 12/02) · 2MOBILITY, 2MOBILITY (PDF) - (Global Mobility Standards Database) - (Revised 7/05) · ABI-INFORM (HTML) (4/05), ABI-INFORM (PDF) - (ABI/INFORM) - (NEW 12/03) · ADISCTI (HTML), ADISCTI (PDF) - (Adis Clinical Trials Insight) - (Revised 1/03) · ADISINSIGHT - (Adis R&D Insight) - (Revised 1/03) · ADISNEWS (HTML) (9/02), ADISNEWS (PDF) - (Adis Newsletters) - (8/01) · AEROSPACE - (Aerospace and High Technology Database) - (Revised 12/02) · AGRICOLA - (Agriculture Online Access) - (Revised 9/02) · ALFRAC - (Aluminum Fracture Toughness) - (Revised 9/02) · ALUMINIUM (HTML) (12/02), ALUMINIUM (PDF) - (ALUMINIUM Industry Abstracts (AIA)) - (9/99) · ANABSTR, ANABSTR (PDF) - (Analytical Abstracts) - (Revised 5/05) · ANTE (HTML), ANTE (PDF) - (Abstracts in New Technologies and Engineering) - (NEW 7/ 04) · APOLLIT (HTML), APOLLIT (PDF) - (Applied Polymers Literature) - (Revised 11/02) · AQUALINE (HTML), AQUALINE (PDF) - (AQUALINE) - (NEW 7/04) · AQUASCI - (Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts) - (Revised 10/02) · AQUIRE (HTML) (2/05), AQUIRE (PDF) - (Aquatic Toxicity Information Retrieval) - (Revised 10/02) · ASMDATA - (ASM Materials Database) - (Revised 7/01) · BABS (HTML) (3/05), BABS (PDF) - (Beilstein Abstracts Database) - (4/00) · BEILSTEIN (HTML) (5/05), BEILSTEIN (PDF) - (BEILSTEIN) - (Revised 5/02)

496 · BIBLIODATA - (German National Bibliography) - (Revised 1/05) · BIOBUSINESS - (BioBusiness/RN) - (Revised 3/05) · BIOCOMMERCE - (BIOCOMMERCE Abstracts and Directory) - (Revised 10/04) · BIOENG (HTML), BIOENG (PDF) - (Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts) - (NEW 7/04) · BIOSIS (HTML) (3/05), BIOSIS (PDF) - (BIOSIS Previews) - (Revised 11/03) · BIOTECHABS - (Derwent Biotechnology Resource) - (Revised 3/05) · BIOTECHDS - (Derwent Biotechnology Resource) - (Revised 3/05) · BIOTECHNO (HTML) (8/04), BIOTECHNO (PDF) - (BIOTECHNOBASE) - (2/00) · BLLDB - (Bibliography of Linguistic Literature Database) - (Revised 7/04) · CA (HTML) (5/05)*, CA (PDF) - (Chemical Abstracts) - (Revised 11/04) · CABA - (CAB ABSTRACTS) - (Revised 6/05) · CANCERLIT (HTML) (2/03), CANCERLIT (PDF) - (Cancer Literature Online) - (Revised 9/ 02) · CAOLD (HTML) (1/02)*, CAOLD (PDF) - (Pre-1967 Chemical Abstracts) - (Revised 8/00) · CAPLUS (HTML) (5/05)*, CAPLUS (PDF) - (Chemical Abstracts Plus) - (Revised 3/04) · CASREACT (HTML) (5/04), CASREACT (PDF) - (Chemical Abstracts Reaction Search Service) - (Revised 7/04) · CBNB - (Chemical Business NewsBase) - (Revised 6/03) · CEABA-VTB (HTML) (9/02), CEABA-VTB (PDF) - (Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Abstracts) - (Revised 1/01) · CEN - (Chemical & Engineering News Online) - (Revised 10/01) · CERAB - (Ceramic Abstracts) - (Revised 5/05) · CFR - (Code of U.S. Federal Regulations) - (Revised 2/04) · CHEMCATS (HTML) (7/05), CHEMCATS (PDF)- (Chemical Catalogs Online) - (Revised 11/04) · CHEMINFORMRX - (ChemInformRX) - (Revised 6/05) · CHEMLIST* - (Regulated Chemicals Listing) - (Revised 7/05) · CHEMSAFE, CHEMSAFE (PDF) - (CHEMSAFE) - (Revised 5/05) · CIN (HTML) (1/05)*, CIN (PDF) - (Chemical Industry Notes) - (Revised 3/02) · CIVILENG (HTML), CIVILENG (PDF) - (CIVILENGineering Abstracts) - (NEW 7/04) · COMPENDEX - (Computerized Engineering Index and El Engineering Meetings) - (Revised 1/03) · COMPUAB (HTML) (5/05), COMPUAB (PDF) - (Computer and Information Systems Abstracts) - (Revised 9/00) · COMPUSCIENCE - (COMPUSCIENCE) - (Revised 2/04) · CONF (HTML) (1/05), CONF (PDF) - (Conferences in Energy, Physics, Mathematics, and Chemistry) - (Revised 9/00) · CONFSCI - (Conference Papers Index) - (Revised 9/02) · COPPERDATA - (Copper Development Association Standards and Data) - (Revised 9/02)

497 · COPPERLIT (HTML) (12/02), COPPERLIT (PDF) - (Copper Data Center Database (CDC)) - (9/02) · CORROSION (HTML) (9/02), CORROSION (PDF) - (CORROSION Abstracts) - (Revised 12/00) · CROPB - (Derwent Crop Protection Backfile) - (Revised 3/05) · CROPR - (Derwent Crop Protection Registry) - (Revised 3/05) · CROPU - (Derwent Crop Protection File) - (Revised 3/05) · CSCHEM (HTML) (5/04), CSCHEM (PDF) - (ChemSources Chemicals) - (Revised 9/00) · CSCORP (HTML) (5/04), CSCORP (PDF) - (ChemSources Company Directory) - (Revised 9/00) · CSNB - (Chemical Safety NewsBase) - (Revised 1/03) · DDFB - (Derwent Drug Backfile for nonsubscribers) - (Revised 3/05) · DDFU - (Derwent Drug File for nonsubscribers) - (Revised 3/05) · DETHERM - (DETHERM) - (Revised 9/02) · DGENE (HTML) (5/05), DGENE (PDF) - (Derwent Geneseq) - (Revised 1/02) · DIOGENES (HTML) (11/02), DIOGENES (PDF) - (DIOGENES: FDA Regulatory Updates) - (8/00) · DIPPR, DIPPR (PDF) - (Evaluated Process Design Data of the AIChE Design Institute of Physical Properties) - (Revised 5/05) · DISSABS (HTML) (12/03), DISSABS (PDF) - (Dissertation Abstracts) - (Revised 10/03) · DJSMDS - (Derwent Journal of Synthetic Methods) - (Revised 5/05) · DJSMONLINE (Derwent Journal of Synthetic Methods) - (Revised 5/05) · DKF - (Dokumentation KraftFahrwesen, Automatic Engineering Information) - (Revised 9/02) · DPCI - (Derwent Patents Citation Index) - (Revised 3/05) · DRUGB - (Derwent Drug Backfile for subscribers) - (Revised 3/05) · DRUGMONOG - (IMS Product Monographs with prices) - (Revised 7/05) · DRUGMONOG2 - (IMS Product Monographs without prices) - (Revised 7/05) · DRUGU - (Derwent Drug File for subscribers) - (Revised 3/05) · ELCOM (HTML) (5/05), ELCOM (PDF) - (Electronic and Communications Abstracts) - (Revised 9/00) · EMA - (Engineered Materials Abstracts) - (Revised 10/02) · EMBAL - (EMBASE ALERT) - (Revised 12/04) · EMBASE - (Excerpta Medica) - (Revised 4/05) · ENCOMPLIT (HTML) (7/03), ENCOMPLIT (PDF) - (EnCompass literature database for supporters) - (Revised 4/01) · ENCOMPLIT2 (HTML) (7/03), ENCOMPLIT2 (PDF) - (EnCompass literature database for non-supporters) - (Revised 4/01) · ENCOMPPAT (HTML) (7/03), ENCOMPPAT (PDF) - (EnCompass patent database for supporters) - (Revised 4/01) · ENCOMPPAT2 (HTML) (7/03), ENCOMPPAT2 (PDF) - (EnCompass patent databases for non-supporters) - (Revised 4/01)

498 · ENERGY - (DOE ENERGY) - (Revised 7/05) · ENTEC - (Energietechnik) - (Revised 4/05) · ENVIROENG (HTML), ENVIROENG (PDF) - (ENVIROnmental ENGineering Abstracts) - (NEW 7/04) · EPFULL (HTML) (3/05), EPFULL (PDF) - (European Patents FULLtext) - (NEW 1/05) · ESBIOBASE (HTML) (5/04), ESBIOBASE (PDF) - (Elsevier BIOBASE) - (Revised 9/99) · FEDREGFULL - (Federal Register) - (Revised 10/02) · FEDRIP (HTML) (5/05), FEDRIP (PDF) - (Federal Research in Progress) - (NEW 4/02) · FOMAD - (Foodline®: Market Sight) - (Revised 7/04) · FOREGE - (Foodline®: Legal Sight) - (Revised 7/04) · FORIS - (Forschungs Informationssystem Sozialwissenschaften) - (Revised 7/04) · FRANCEPAT (HTML), FRANCEPAT (PDF) - (FRANCEPAT) - (Revised 3/04) · FRFULL (HTML) (6/05), FRFULL (PDF) - (FRench Patents FULL Text) - (Revised 6/04) · FROSTI - (Foodline®: Science Sight) - (Revised 7/04) · FSTA (HTML), FSTA (PDF) - (Food Science and Technology Abstracts) - (Revised 10/02) · GBFULL (5/05), GBFULL (PDF) - (United Kingdom (GB) Patents FULL Text) - (NEW 2/05) · GENBANK (HTML) (10/02), GENBANK (PDF) - (GENBANK) - (Revised 9/00) · GEOREF - (Geological Reference) - (Revised 10/02) · GMELIN - (GMELIN) - (Revised 5/04) · HCA** - (Chemical Abstracts) - (Revised 9/04) · HCAOLD** - (Pre-1967 Chemical Abstracts) - (Revised 1/02) · HCAPLUS** - (Chemical Abstracts Plus) - (Revised 9/04) · HCHEMLIST** - (Regulated Chemicals Listing) - (Revised 3/03) · HCIN** - (Chemical Industry Notes) - (Revised 9/02) · HEALSAFE (HTML) (10/02), HEALSAFE (PDF) - (Heath and Safety Science Abstracts) - (Revised 9/00) · HODOC - (CRC Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds) - (Revised 10/02) · HOME - (HOME) - (Revised 2/97) · HSDB (HTML) (5/05), HSDB (PDF) - (Hazardous Substances Data Bank) - (Revised 8/03) · ICONDA - (International Construction Database) - (Revised 10/02) · ICSD - (Inorganic Crystal Structure Database) - (Revised 10/02) · IFICDB (HTML) (8/04), IFICDB (PDF) - (IFI Comprehensive Database) - (Revised 1/04) · IFICLS - (IFI Current Patent Legal Status Database) - (Revised 6/04) · IFIPAT (HTML) (8/04), IFIPAT (PDF) - (IFI Patent Database) - (Revised 1/04) · IFIREF (5/05), IFIREF (PDF) - (IFI Uniterm and U.S. Class Reference File) - (Revised 3/05) · IFIUDB (HTML) (8/04), IFIUDB (PDF) - (IFI Uniterm Database) - (Revised 1/04) · IMSCOPROFILE, IMSCOPROFILE (PDF) - (IMS Company Profiles) - (Revised 1/04) · IMSCOSEARCH (5/05), IMSCOSEARCH (PDF) - (IMS Company) - (1/04) · IMSDRUGCONF (HTML) (9/02), IMSDRUGCONF (PDF) - (IMSworld Medical and Pharmaceutical Meetings Diary) - (Revised 2/00)

499 · IMSDRUGNEWS, IMSDRUGNEWS (PDF) - (IMS Drug News) - (Revised 1/04) · IMSPATENTS, IMSPATENTS (PDF) - (IMS LifeCycle, Patent Focus) - (Revised 1/04) · IMSPRODUCT, IMSPRODUCT (PDF) - (IMS LifeCycle, New Product Focus) - (Revised 1/ 04) · IMSRESEARCH, IMSRESEARCH (PDF) - (IMS LifeCycle, R&D Focus) - (Revised 1/04) · INFODATA - (INFODATA) - (Revised 6/03) · INIS - (International Nuclear Information System) - (Revised 10/02) · INPADOC (HTML) (5/05), INPADOC (PDF) - (International Patent Documentation Center) - (Revised 10/04) · INSPEC - (Information Service for Physics, Electronics and Computing) - (Revised 1/03) · INSPHYS - (INSPHYS) - (Revised 10/02) · INVESTEXT (HTML) (10/02), INVESTEXT (PDF) - (INVESTEXT) - (Revised 9/00) · IPA (HTML) (4/05), IPA (PDF) - (International Pharmaceutical Abstracts) - (Revised 9/00) · ITRD (formerly IRRD) (HTML) (10/02), ITRD (PDF) - (International Transport Research Documentation) - (Revised 5/00) · JAPIO (HTML) (10/02), JAPIO (PDF) - (Japan Patent Information Organization) - (Revised 10/02) · JICST-EPLUS - (JICST-EPlus) - (Revised 2/04) · KOREAPAT (4/05), KOREAPAT (PDF) - (KORean PATent Abstracts) - (NEW 10/04) · KOSMET - (Cosmetic & Perfume Science and Technology) - (Revised 1/04) · LBIBLIO - (German National Bibliography) - (Revised 1/99) · LCA - (Chemical Abstracts) - (Revised 8/99) · LCASREACT - (Chemical Abstracts Reaction Search Service) - (Revised 5/04) · LDPCI - (Derwent Patents Citation Index) - (Revised 3/05) · LDRUG - (Derwent Drug File) - (Revised 3/05) · LEMBASE - (Excerpta Medica) - (Revised 8/04) · LIFESCI, LIFESCI (PDF) - (Life Sciences Collection) - (Revised 2/05) · LINSPEC - (Information Service for Physics, Electronics and Computing) - (Revised 10/02) · LISA (HTML), LISA (PDF) - (Library and Information Science Abstracts) - (NEW 11/04) · LITALERT (HTML) (3/05), LITALERT (PDF) - (LITigation ALERTs) - (Revised 2/05) · LMARPAT - (CAS Markush Search Service) - (Revised 6/05) · LMEDLINE (HTML) (3/04), LMEDLINE (PDF) - (MEDLINE) - (Revised 6/02) · LPATDPA - (German Patent Database) - (10/02) · LREGISTRY - (REGISTRY) - (Revised 4/00) · LWPI - (Derwent World Patents Index) - (Revised 6/05) · MARPAT (HTML) (6/05), MARPAT (PDF) - (CAS Markush Search Service) - (Revised 5/ 00) · MARPATprev (HTML) (6/05), MARPATprev (PDF) - (CAS Markush Search Service Previews) - (Revised 5/00) · MATBUS - (Materials Business) - (Revised 4/03)

500 · MATH - (Mathematics Abstracts) - (Revised 10/02) · MATHDI - (Mathematical Didactics) - (Revised 10/02) · MDF - (Metals Datafile) - (Revised 2/04) · MECHENG (HTML), MECHENG (PDF) - (MECHanical and Transportation ENGineering Abstracts) - (NEW 7/04) · MEDLINE (HTML) (10/04), MEDLINE (PDF) - (MEDLINE) - (Revised 6/02) · METADEX - (Metals Abstracts/Alloy Index) - (Revised 2/03) · MRCK (HTML) (8/04), MRCK (PDF) - (Merck Index Online) - (Revised 11/02) · MSDS-CCOHS (HTML) (5/05), MSDS-CCOHS (PDF) - (Material Safety Data Sheets from the Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety) - (Revised 1/04) · MSDS-OHS - (OHS Material Safety Data Sheets) - (Revised 5/05) · NAPRALERT, NAPRALERT (PDF) - (Natural Products Alert) - (Revised 3/05) · NIOSHTIC - (NIOSHTIC) - (Revised 10/02) · NLDB - (Newsletter Database) - (Revised 4/04) · NTIS (HTML) (2/03), NTIS (PDF) - (National Technical Information Service) - (Revised 10/02) · NUMERIGUIDE - (NUMERIGUIDE) - (Revised 11/01) · NUTRACEUT (HTML) (2/03), NUTRACEUT (PDF) - (Nutraceuticals International) - (Revised 12/02) · OCEAN - (Ocean Abstracts) - (Revised 10/02) · PAPERCHEM2 - (Elsevier Engineering Information, Inc. File) - (Revised 3/05) · PASCAL (HTML) (8/03), PASCAL (PDF) - (PASCAL) - (12/00) · PATDD - (PATDD) - (Revised 2/04) · PATDPA - (German Patent Database) - (Revised 10/02) · PATDPAFULL (HTML) (3/05), PATDPAFULL (PDF) - (German Patents Full Text) - (Revised 5/03) · PATDPASPC (4/05), PATDPASPC (PDF) - (German Supplementary Protection Certificates for Drugs and Plant Protection Agents) - (NEW 3/05) · PATIPC (HTML) (10/02), PATIPC (PDF) - (International Patent Classification and Catchword Index) - (9/99) · PCTFULL - (PCTFULL) - (Revised 10/04) · PCTGEN (HTML), PCTGEN (PDF) - (World Patent Application Biosequences) - (Revised 5/03) · PDLCOM - (PDLCOM) - (Revised 11/01) · PHAR (HTML) (4/05), PHAR (PDF) - (Pharmaprojects) - (Revised 3/04) · PHARMAML (HTML) (12/02), PHARMAML (PDF) - (PHARMAMarketLetter) - (NEW 7/ 02) · PHIC - (Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Industries News Current) - (Revised 11/04) · PHIN - (Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Industries News Archive) - (Revised 11/04) · PIRA (HTML) (3/05), PIRA (PDF) - (PIRA & PAPERBASE) - (Revised 10/02)

501 · PLASNEWS - (PLASNEWS Daily News) - (Revised 10/02) · PLASPEC - (Plastics Technology Materials Selection Database) - (Revised 10/02) · POLLUAB - (Pollution Abstracts) - (Revised 2/04) · PROMT - (Predicasts Overview of Markets and Technology) - (Revised 4/04) · PROUSDDR (HTML) (8/04), PROUSDDR (PDF) - (Prous Drug Data Report Database) - (Revised 6/04) · PS (HTML) (8/04), PS (PDF) - (Pharmaceutical Substances) - (Revised 6/04) · RAPRA - (RAPRA) - (Revised 4/04) · RDISCLOSURE (HTML) (7/03), RDISCLOSURE (PDF) - (Research DISCLOSURE) - (Revised 6/03) · REGISTRY (HTML)* (3/05), REGISTRY (PDF) - (REGISTRY) - (Revised 10/04) · RSWB - (RSWB) - (Revised 10/02) · RTECS - (Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances) - (Revised 7/05) · RUSSIAPAT - (RUSSIAn PATent Abstracts) - (Revised 7/05) · SCISEARCH - (SciSearch) - (Revised 7/05) · SOLIDSTATE - (Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts) - (Revised 5/05) · SOLIS - (Social Sciences Literature Information System) - (Revised 1/05) · SPECINFO, SPECINFO (PDF) - (SPECINFO) - (Revised 5/05) · STNGUIDE - (STNGUIDE) - (Revised 9/99) · STNMAIL - (STNMAIL) - (Revised 11/94) · SYNTHLINE (HTML) (6/05), SYNTHLINE (PDF) - (Synthline(R) Drug Synthesis Database) - (Revised 1/01) · TEMA (HTML), TEMA (PDF) - (Technology and Management) - (Revised 5/03) · TEXTILETECH (HTML) (10/04), TEXTILETECH (PDF) - (Textile Technology Digest) - (9/00) · TOXCENTER (HTML) (3/04), TOXCENTER (PDF) - (Toxicology Center) - (11/03) · TRIBO - (Tribology Index) - (Revised 9/04) · TULSA - (Petroleum Abstracts for subscribers) - (Revised 12/02) · TULSA2 - (Petroleum Abstracts for nonsubscribers) - (Revised 10/02) · UFORDAT - (UFORDAT) - (Revised 10/02) · ULIDAT - (ULIDAT) - (Revised 2/05) · USAN (HTML) (7/04), USAN (PDF) - (USP Dictionary of U.S. Adopted Names and International Drug Names) - (Revised 7/02) · USPAT2 (HTML) (10/02), USPAT2 (PDF) - (USPATFULL) - (11/01) · USPATFULL (HTML) (10/02), USPATFULL (PDF) - (USPATFULL) - (Revised 11/01) · VETB (HTML) (3/05), VETB (PDF) - (Derwent Veterinary Drug Back File) - (Revised 10/ 02) · VETU (HTML) (3/05), VETU (PDF) - (Derwent Veterinary Drug File) - (Revised 10/02) · WATER (HTML), WATER (PDF) - (WATER Resources Abstracts) - (NEW 7/04) · WELDASEARCH (HTML) (9/04), WELDASEARCH (PDF) - (WELDASEARCH) - (12/01)

502 · WORLDCAT - (OCLC Online Union Catalog) - (Revised 3/03) · WPIDS (HTML) (6/05), WPIDS (PDF) - (Derwent World Patents Index) - (Revised 1/00) · WPINDEX (HTML) (6/05), WPINDEX (PDF) - (Derwent World Patents Index) - (Revised 11/99) · WPIFV (HTML) (6/05), WPIFV (PDF) - (Derwent World Patents Index First View file) - (Revised 6/04) · WPIX (HTML) (6/05), WPIX (PDF) - (Derwent World Patent Index) - (Revised 1/00) · WSCA - (World Surface Coatings Abstracts) - (Revised 6/05) · WTEXTILES (HTML) (8/04), WTEXTILES (PDF) - (World Textiles (TM)) - (10/99) · ZCA*** - (Chemical Abstracts) - (Revised 9/04) · ZCAPLUS*** - (Chemical Abstracts Plus) - (Revised 9/04) · ZREGISTRY*** - (REGISTRY) - (Revised 3/05)

DB, iðbrauktos ið ðios svetainës: · European Patent Office Patents (EUROPATFULL) · Patent Online System Deutschland (PATOSDE) · Patent Online System Europa (PATOSEP) · Patent Online System World (PATOSWO) · ABC der Deutschen Wirtschaft (ABCD) · German Trademarks Search System (DEMAS) · European Community Trademarks Search System (EUMAS) · European Patent Office Patents (EUROPATFULL) · ABC Europe Production Europex (EUROPEX) · BMBF Support Catalog (FORKAT) · International Register Trademarks Search System (IRMAS) · Patent Online System Deutschland (PATOSDE) · Patent Online System Europa (PATOSEP) · Patent Online System World (PATOSWO) · Russian Scientific News (RUSSCI) · System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe (SIGLE) · Updated July 8, 2005.

503 JAV patentø ir prekiø þenklø internetiniø svetainiø paieðkos meniu

About the EBC, EBC - Patents Customer Partnership Conferences About USPTO Biotech Sequence Searches Academic Research Profile Board of Patent Appeals and Interferences Accessibility of USPTO Website Boards and Counsel Access to Patent Applications Business Area Initiatives [PDF] Additional Data, EFS - Patents Business Resources Address Change form for Registered Agents and Attorneys[PDF] Cassis Currents Addresses&Contacts Catalog, USPTO Products and Services Addresses, Mailing Certificate Action Form Advanced USPTO Site Search Certificate Action Form (Digital Certificate Agent and Attorney Registration Instructions) [PDF] Agent and Attorney Roster, Patent Certificates of Correction Agents and Attorneys, About CFO/CAO Officer Directory American Inventor’s Protection Act of 1999 CFO/CAO Organization Chart Annual Reports Change of Address Form [PDF] Application Data Sheet Format Character Entities in EFS Application for International Patent Checker Software Application for Patent, Design filing guide Chief Financial Officer and Chief Administra- Application for Patent, Non-provisional tive Officer (Utility) filing guide Chief Information Officer Application for Patent, Plant Patent Chief Information Officer (OCIO) - Application for Patent, Provisional Architecture, Engineering & Technical Application for Patent, Utility (non-provisional) Services filing guide Chief Information Officer (OCIO) - Customer Assignments, licenses Information Services Attorney and Agents — See Agents and Chief Information Officer (OCIO) - Deputy Attorneys CIO Authority File, Patent Documents Chief Information Officer (OCIO) - IT Operations & Customer Support Services Authority File(Patents), Certificates of Correction Chief Information Officer (OCIO) - Life Cycle Management Manual Chief Information Officer (OCIO) - Basic Facts About Patents — See General Operational Information Technology Plan Information Concerning Patents Chief Information Officer (OCIO) - Strategic Basic Facts, Trademarks Information Technology Plan Biographies - USPTO Executives Chief Information Officer (OCIO) - Systems Biotechnology/Chemical/Pharmaceutical

504 Development & Maintenance Services Deposit Account Branch Chief Information Officer, Office of the Deposit Account Replenishment Options (OCIO) Deposit Accounts FAQ Civil Rights, Office of Deputy Chief Administrative Officer Classification Definitions, Patent Deputy Chief Financial Officer and Classification Manual, Patents - includes Comptroller Definitions, Index and USPC to IPC Design Patent Application filing guide Concordance Director’s Corner Comments from the Public Disclosure Document Program Comments on Draft Convention on Documentation Downloads, EFS - Patents Jurisdiction and Foreign Judgments in Civil Download ABXPDF Writer, EFS - Patents and Commercial Matters Download EFS-ABX, EFS Commissioner for Patents Downloads, EBC - Patents Commissioner for Trademarks Complaints - Invention Promotion Firms Editorial Standards - Publications and Concordance, Patent Classification, USPC Citations to IPC EFOIA (Freedom of Information Act) Conference on Database Protection and EFS-ABX Version 1.2 User Manual Access Issues EFS ePAVE Fee Supplement Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2005 (HR EFS Solutions - Patents 4818), more information EFS Submission Data Information File Contracting States EFS Submission User Manual - ePAVE for Copies of US Patents and Trademarks, Assignments [PDF] Ordering On-line (OEMS) EFS Submission User Manual - ePAVE for Copyrights Biosequence Listings [PDF] Corporate Planning EFS Submission User Manual - ePAVE for Counsel ePave [PDF] Credit Card Payment Form and Instructions EFS Submission User Manual - ePAVE for [PDF] Information Disclosure Statements [PDF] Current Year Press Releases EFS Submission User Manual - ePAVE for Customer Number Data Change Form [PDF] New Utility [PDF] Customer Numbers and Digital Certificates - EFS Submission User Manual - ePAVE for EBC, Patents Pre-Grant Publications [PDF] Customer Profiles EFS Submission User Manual - ePAVE for Provisional Applications [PDF] Database Protection and Access Issues, Electronic Business Center Conference on Electronic Business Center, EBC - Patents Data, Weekly Patent Bibliographic Raw Via Electronic Filing System, EFS FTP Electronic Filing System (EFS) FAQs Definitions, Patent Classifications Electronic Filing System, EFS - Patents Deposit Account Application Form

505 Electronic Filing System (EFS - Patents) FAQ - STOP! FAQs ePave N-S Fastener Quality Act (FQA) Electronic Filing System (EFS - Patents) Fastener Quality Act Insignia Recordal FAQs ePave T-Z Requirements Electronic Freedom of Information Act: E- Fax Communications with Patent Customers FOIA Fax Numbers for PTO Electronic Official Gazette - Patents Federal Holidays (eOG:P) Feedback, EBC - Patents E-Mail Addresses for Trademarks Fees, How to Pay E-mail Viruses - Webmaster Fees/Payment, EFS - Patents Emergency Notices re: Closures, USPS Fees, USPTO Interruptions and Security Figures of Drawings, Chemical Structure and Employee Locator Math Formulae, EFS Employee Profile File Formats, EFS Employee Telephone Numbers Filing Instructions, EFS Employment Announcements Final Decisions - Office of the Commissioner Enterprise Data Warehouse for Trademarks Redirect Enterprise Data Warehouse [PDF] Final Decisions - Trademark Trial and Appeal ESTTA - Trademark Trial and Appeal Board Board Redirect Electronic Filing Final Rules for Computerized Exam Notice e-TEAS TUTORIAL Final Rules: Recent Changes To Patent Examiner Handbook to the U.S. Patent Practice And Procedure Classification System Finance, Office of Executive Biographies Finance, Office of - Activity Based Executive Summary [PDF] Information Division Expired Patents for Failure To Pay Finance, Office of - Fee Payment FAQs Maintenance Fees Focus the Patent Process in the 21st Export Control Policy, EBC - Patents Century, Proposed Rule Changes External Affairs: International Relations, FOIA BPAI Final Decisions Congressional Relations and Enforcement FOIA Exempt Information FOIA(Freedom of Information Act) Facsimile Submission of Patent Correspon- FOIA Reading Room dence FOIA Request: How to Submit FAIR Act ForeSee Results Site Survey FAIR Inventory - Commercial Forms, USPTO FAIR Inventory - Governmental Frequently-Asked Questions about Deposit FAQ, EBC - Patents Accounts FAQ index, EFS Frequently-Asked Questions about Design FAQs - Fee Payments Patents Frequently Asked Questions about Electronic Filing System (EFS)

506 Frequently Asked Questions about Fee How to Search Payments How to Use USPTO.GOV Frequently Asked Questions about Patent Application Information Retrieval (PAIR) Image File Wrapper Frequently Asked Questions about Patent Index, Patent Classification Electronic Business Center Information Contacts Telephone Directory Frequently-Asked Questions about Patents Information Quality Bulletin for Peer Review Frequently-Asked Questions about Power of Information Technology Plan, Strategic Attorney Practice Intellectual Property and the National Frequently Asked Questions about Revised Information Infrastructure Amendment Practice International Intellectual Property Frequently-Asked Questions about Strategic International Liaison Staff (Patents) Plan for the 21st Century Internet Privacy Policy, EBC - Patents Frequently-Asked Questions about USPTO Forms In the News Frequently Asked Questions - Additional Inventors Assistance Center FAQs on the USPTO Website Frequently-Asked Questions & Answers Job Opportunities about AIPA Frequently-Asked Questions & Answers Kids Pages - USPTO about PBG Final Rule Kind codes Frequently Asked Questions - Board of Patent Appeals and Interferences Laws, Consolidated Patent Legislator Profile GATT Information Licenses and assignments, Patents General Counsel Life Cycle Management Manual General Information Concerning Patents General Statistics Page Madrid - Electronic Forms for Madrid-Protocol Glossary Related Submissions Goods and Services, Trademark Manual Madrid FAQ Green Paper[PDF] Madrid Protocol Green Paper web page Madrid: Tips for Paper Filers Guide for the Preparation of Patent Mailing Addresses Drawings[ZIP] Maintenance Fee Branch Guides Maintenance Fees (Patents) Manual of Goods and Services, Trademark Help, EFS Manual of Patent Classification Help - General Information Manual of Patent Examining Procedure Holidays (MPEP) Information Page How to ... Matrix Between OITP and SITP [PDF] How to Find Laws and Regulations MPEP8 E8R3 (August 2005) - Table of

507 Contents Office of Patent Publication Museum, PTO Office of PCT Legal Administration Musicians and Artists Profile Office of Petitions Office of Procurement Names of Persons Seeking Registration to Office of Public Affairs Practice in Patent Cases Office of the Commissioner for Patents New Employee Accession Package [PDF] Office of the Deputy Commissioner for New Employee Pre-Appointment Security Patent Examination Policy Package [PDF] Office of the Solicitor News and Notices Office of the Solicitor - Amicus Briefs News Index, EFS - Patents Office of the Under Secretary Newsletters Office of the Under Secretary - Deputy Under News Media & Publications Profile Secretary of Commerce for Intellectual New Users, EBC - Patents Property New Users PAIR Registration, EBC - Official Gazette Notices Patents Official Gazette Notices, Recent Patent- New Utility Applications, EFS Related NoFEAR Act Official Gazette - Patents (eOG:P) No FEAR Act - Affirmative Employment Official Gazette - Trademarks Programs OGC Contact Information NoFEAR Act - Rights and Responsibilities OGC Organizational Chart NoFEAR Data Disclosures OGC Strategic Plan - 2005 Non-provisional (Utility) Patent Application OGC Strategic Plan - 2005 Table of Contents filing guide OGC Upcoming Events Notice of Marks Published by Mistake OG Notices Notice Regarding Certain Requests for OG Search Extension of Protection Under Trademark Operational Information Technology Plan Act § 66(a) Organizational Telephone Directory Notices, Recent Patent-Related Other Identifiers Notification Related to United States Postal Service Interruption Q&A PAIR CBT (Computer Based Training) Download OEIP Products Catalog PAIR HELP - USPTO Office of Adminstrative Services Patent & Trademark Copy Sales Office of Chief Information Officer Patent and Trademark Depository Libraries Office of Enrollment and Discipline (OED) Patent Assistance Center Office of General Counsel(OGC) Patent Attorneys and Agents: Listings by Office of General Law Geographic Region Office of Human Resources Patent Attorneys and Agents Profile Office of Patent Classification Patent Business Goals (PBG) Final Rule Office of Patent Legal Administration

508 Patent Class Definitions PCT Information Patent Classification Concordance, USPC to Petitions IPC Plant Patent Application Patent Classification Definitions Plugins and Viewers Patent Classification Index Policy, EBC - Patents Patent Classification Manual Pre-Grant Publication and EFS Patent Drawings, Guide for the Preparation Pre-OG Notices [ZIP] Prepare for EFS Patent E-Gov [PDF] Privacy Act Patent Examination Policy Privacy Act of 1974 PatentIn Software Privacy Impact Assessments Patent Law Harmonization Privacy Policy Patent Laws - Title 35 in MPEP Procurement, Office of Patent Maintenance Fees Products and Services Patent Operations Products and Services Catalog Patent Organization Projected Number of Applications to be Patent Public Advisory Committee Published Per Week Under Eighteen-Month Patent Public Advisory Reports Publication Patent Resources and Planning Proposed Rule Changes to Focus the Patent Patent Resources and Planning Downloads Process in the 21st Century and Documents Provisional Patent Application Patent Resources and Planning - Planning Public Advisory Committee and Capacity Analysis Public Affairs Patent Resources and Planning - Resource Publication Site for Issued and Published Administration Sequences (PSIPS) Patent Resources and Planning - Search and Public Comments Information Resources Public Comments on Revised Interim Utility Patents Examination Guidelines Patents, Authority File Public Comments - Revised Interim Patents, Authority File-Certificates of Guidelines for Examination Correction Public Hearings Patent Searches Public Search Facility Patents Guidance, Tools & Manuals Patents Inventors Resources and Informa- Quality — Information Quality Guidelines tion Questions and Answers - General Patents Official Gazette Patents Personnel Roster Receipt of Filing, EFS Patents Search Templates Redbook Information Patent Technology Centers Refunds Patent Terms Extended under 35 USC §155, Registration Certificates - Trademarks 35 USC §156, and Private Law.

509 Registration Examination Results, Office of Strategy Targeting Organized Piracy Enrollment and Discipline (STOP!) Related Web Sites Subscribers Agreement - EBC Patents public Reports key (digital signature) certificate [PDF] Revenue Accounting and Management Suggested Format for Cancellations - TTAB System Privacy Impact Assessment [PDF] [PDF] Rules, Consolidated Patent [PDF] Suggested Format for Opposition - TTAB System Requirements, EFS - Patents Scientific & Technical Information Center - Main Branch / Biotechnology & Chemical TEAS Help Desk Library Technology Developer Profile Search Collections Telephone Numbers for PTO Employees Search Facilities At PTO Telephone Numbers for PTO Offices Searching Patents Terms of Use Searching Trademarks Terms, Patent, Extended under 35 USC Search Official Gazette Notices 1995-2004 §155, 35 USC §156, and Private Law. Search Templates Testimony and Speeches Search Trademark Acceptable Identification Text Version of USPTO Home Page of Goods and Services Manual Title 35: Amendments Made by Pub.L. No. Section 508 Accessibility of Information 106-113 Working Document Showing Technology Amendments and Deletions (Not Official Security Codification) [PDF] Security, EBC - Patents Title V — Intellectual Property Sequence Listing TM, Logo and Brand Customer Profile Small business - Small Business and Trademark Acceptable Identification of Goods Intellectual Property - U.S. Patent and and Services Manual Trademark Office - USPTO Stopfakes.gov Trademark Attorney Profile Software Downloads Trademark Daily XML Information Software Requirements/System Require- Trademark E-Gov [PDF] ments, EFS Trademark Law Treaty Implementation Act Software Use Policy, EBC - Patents Trademark Law Treaty Implementation Act in Special Interests or Needs Adobe PDF: 135kB [PDF] Speeches, Director Trademark Law Treaty Implementation, Standard Character Set Public Law 105–330—OCT. 30, 1998 Statistics, General Trademark Manual of Examination Status Information about patents and Procedures (TMEP) published patent applications Trademark Official Gazette Strategic Information Technology Plan Trademark Operation and Trademark (SITP) Trademark Paper Facility Strategic Plan for the 21st Century Trademark Public Advisory Committee

510 Trademark Rulemaking and Federal Register Under Secretary of Commerce for Intellectual Notices Property and Director of the United States Trademarks Patent and Trademark Office Trademarks - change ownership or name United States Patent and Trademark Office Trademarks - documents to file Home Page Trademarks - how to respond Uruguay Round Agreements Act Trademarks - keeping a registration USC/CFR - Diagram of Citations Trademarks - next steps Users Guide, EBC - Patents Trademarks - revival USPTO Announces Updates to the Private Trademark - Standard Character Set Patent Application Information Retrieval (PAIR) System Trademarks - where to start USPTO Annual Reports Trademark Trial and Appeal Board Manual of Procedure (TBMP) USPTO Design Search Code Manual Transcripts USPTO Direct Installation, EBC - Patents Transmitting to USPTO, EFS - Patents USPTO Office of Space Acquisition Trilateral Statistical Report 1997 USPTO Organizational Structure Trilateral Web site (TWS) USPTO Policy Troubleshooting, EFS USPTO Today TTAB Facts and Questions USPTO Video Streams TTAB Home Page U. S. TRADEMARK LAW Tutorial - How to Use USPTO.GOV Utility (non-provisional) Patent Application filing guide Types of Patent Submissions, EFS

511 512 e 05(EX5 NA On NA (FESXZ5) Dec 2005 Notice First (FESXU5) Sep 2005 Tradable Contracts NA NA (FCEZ5) Dec 2005 NA (FCEV5) Oct 2005 Onl NA (FCEU5) Sep 2005 Notice First (FCEQ5) Aug 2005 Tradable Contracts 16-Sep-2005 16-Sep-2005 NA NA (AEXH6) Mar 2006 NA (AEXZ5) Dec 2005 NA Oct 2005 (AEXV5) (AEXU5) NA 2005 Sep (AEXQ5) Aug 2005 Tradable Contracts 6.1. EUREX IÐVESTINIØ INDEKSØ ATEITIES SANDORIØ KODAI IR TERMINAI is Ntc nieEpr Expiry Date Online Expiry First Notice 6. VERTYBINIØ POPIERIØ RINKØ INFORMACINË SUVESTINË 6Dc20 16-Dec-2005 21-Oct-2005 16-Dec-2005 16-Sep-2005 21-Oct-2005 19-Aug-2005 16-Sep-2005 19-Aug-2005 17-Mar-2006 16-Dec-2005 17-Mar-2006 21-Oct-2005 16-Dec-2005 21-Oct-2005 19-Aug-2005 19-Aug-2005 6Dc20 16-Dec-2005 16-Sep-2005 16-Dec-2005 16-Sep-2005 ine Expiry Expiry Date Expiry ine Expiry line Expiry Expiry Date Expiry line Expiry D.J. EURO STOXX 50 Index Future (FESX) AEX Index Future (AEX) CAC40 index (FCE) Contract Size: Exchange: Order Types: Exchange Fee: Init. Margin: Tick Size: Exchange: Contract Size: Tick Size: Init. Margin: Exchange Fee: Order Types: Exchange Fee: Init. Margin: Tick Size: Exchange: Order Types: Contract Size: market, limit EUR 0 3,500 EUR10 0.05 pts = AMS 200 * Index market, limit, stop EUR 0.3 2,300 1 pt. = EUR 10 EUREX 10 * Index 10 * Index MONEP 0.5 = EUR 5 2,250 EUR 0.35 market, limit Min. Comm.: Maint. Margin: Tick Value: Trading Hours GMT: Min. Trade: Min. Comm.: Maint. Margin: Tick Value: Trading Hours GMT: Min. Trade: Min. Trade: Trading Hours GMT: Tick Value: Maint. Margin: Min. Comm.:

EUR 10 2,300 10 06:30 - 19:00 1 1 EUR 10 3,500 10 8:00 - 16:30 1 07:00 - 19:00 5 2,250 EUR 10

513 e 05(EH5 NA (FESHZ5) NA Dec 2005 Notice First (FESHU5) Sep 2005 Tradable Contracts NA (FESNZ5) NA Dec 2005 Notice First (FESNU5) Sep 2005 Tradable Contracts e 05(EB5 NA NA (FESBZ5) Dec 2005 Notice First (FESBU5) Sep 2005 Tradable Contracts 6Dc20 16-Dec-2005 16-Sep-2005 16-Dec-2005 Date Expiry 16-Sep-2005 Online Expiry 16-Dec-2005 16-Sep-2005 16-Dec-2005 Date Expiry 16-Sep-2005 Online Expiry 6Dc20 16-Dec-2005 16-Sep-2005 16-Dec-2005 Date Expiry 16-Sep-2005 Online Expiry D.J. EURO STOXX Health Index Future (FESH) D.J. EURO STOXX Construction Index (FESN) D.J. EURO STOXX Bank Index Future (FESB) Order Types: Exchange Fee: Init. Margin: Tick Size: Exchange: Contract Size: Order Types: Exchange Fee: Init. Margin: Tick Size: Exchange: Contract Size: Contract Size: Order Types: Exchange Fee: Init. Margin: Tick Size: Exchange: 50 * Index market, limit, stop EUR 0.3 1,100 0.1 = EUR 5 EUREX market, limit, stop EUR 0.3 1,600 0.1 = EUR 5 EUREX 50 * Index market, limit,stop EUR 0.3 1,000 0.1 = EUR 5 EUREX 50 * Index Min. Comm.: Maint. Margin: Tick Value: Trading Hours GMT: Min. Trade: Min. Comm.: Maint. Margin: Tick Value: Trading Hours GMT: Min. Trade: Min. Comm.: Maint. Margin: Tick Value: Trading Hours GMT: Min. Trade: EUR 10 1,600 5 07:50 - 19:00 1 EUR 10 1,100 5 07:50 - 19:00 1

EUR 10 1,000 5 07:50 - 19:00 1

514 e 05(EM5 NA (FESMZ5) Dec 2005 NA Notice First (FESMU5) Sep 2005 Tradable Contracts NA O NA (FESIZ5) Dec 2005 Notice First (FESIU5) Sep 2005 Tradable Contracts NA (FESGZ5) Dec 2005 NA Fi (FESGU5) Sep 2005 Tradable Contracts s oieOln xiyExpiry Date Online Expiry rst Notice 6Dc20 16-Dec-2005 16-Sep-2005 16-Dec-2005 Date Expiry 16-Sep-2005 Online Expiry 6Dc20 16-Dec-2005 16-Sep-2005 16-Dec-2005 16-Sep-2005 16-Dec-2005 16-Sep-2005 16-Dec-2005 16-Sep-2005 nline Expiry Expiry Date Expiry nline Expiry D.J. EURO STOXX Insurance Index Future (FESI) D.J. EURO STOXX Ind. Gds & Srv. Index (FESG) D.J. EURO STOXX Media Index Future (FESM) Order Types: Exchange Fee: Init. Margin: Tick Size: Exchange: Contract Size: Order Types: Exchange Fee: Init. Margin: Tick Size: Exchange: Contract Size: Order Types: Exchange Fee: Init. Margin: Tick Size: Exchange: Contract Size: market, limit, stop EUR 0.3 1,000 0.1 = EUR 5 EUREX 50 * Index market, limit, stop EUR 0.3 1,300 0.1 = EUR 5 EUREX 50 * Index market, limit, stop EUR 0.3 775 0.1 = EUR 5 EUREX 50 * Index Min. Comm.: Maint. Margin: Tick Value: Trading Hours GMT: Min. Trade: Min. Comm.: Maint. Margin: Tick Value: Trading Hours GMT: Min. Trade: Min. Comm.: Maint. Margin: Tick Value: Trading Hours GMT: Min. Trade: EUR 10

1,000 5 07:50 - 19:00 1

EUR 10 1,300 5 07:50 - 19:00 1 EUR 10 775 5 07:50 - 19:00 1

515 e 05(SX5 NA (FSTXZ5) Dec 2005 NA F (FSTXU5) Sep 2005 Tradable Contracts NA (FESTZ5) Dec 2005 NA F (FESTU5) Sep 2005 Tradable Contracts NA (FESYZ5) Dec 2005 NA F (FESYU5) Sep 2005 Tradable Contracts rtNtc nieEpr Expiry Date Online Expiry irst Notice Expiry Date Online Expiry irst Notice Expiry Date Online Expiry irst Notice 6Dc20 16-Dec-2005 16-Sep-2005 16-Dec-2005 16-Sep-2005 6Dc20 16-Dec-2005 16-Sep-2005 16-Dec-2005 16-Sep-2005 6Dc20 16-Dec-2005 16-Sep-2005 16-Dec-2005 16-Sep-2005 D.J. EURO STOXX Technology Index Future (FESY) D.J. EURO STOXX Telecom. Index Future (FEST) D.J. STOXX 50 Index Future (FSTX) Order Types: Exchange Fee: Init. Margin: Tick Size: Exchange: Contract Size: Contract Size: Order Types: Exchange Fee: Init. Margin: Tick Size: Exchange: Contract Size: Order Types: Exchange Fee: Init. Margin: Tick Size: Exchange: 50 * Index market, limit, stop EUR 0.3 1,800 0.1 = EUR 5 EUREX market, limit, stop EUR 0.3 1,600 0.1 = EUR 5 EUREX 50 * Index market, limit, stop EUR 0.3 2,200 1 pt. = EUR 10 EUREX 10 * Index Min. Comm.: Maint. Margin: Tick Value: Trading Hours GMT: Min. Trade: Min. Comm.: Maint. Margin: Tick Value: Trading Hours GMT: Min. Trade: Min. Comm.: Maint. Margin: Tick Value: Trading Hours GMT: Min. Trade: EUR 10 1,600 5 07:50 - 19:00 1 EUR 10 1,800 5 07:50 - 19:00 1 EUR 10 2,200 10 06:30 - 19:00 1

516 is being manually traded in the pit. Note: e 05(1A5 NA NA (F1TAZ5) Dec 2005 Fi (F1TAU5) Sep 2005 15-Dec-2005 Tradable Contracts 15-Dec-2005 NA NA (ZDZ5) 2005 Dec Fi (ZDU5) Sep 2005 16-Mar-2006 Tradable Contracts 15-Dec-2005 16-Mar-2006 15-Dec-2005 NA Expiry Date NA Mar 2006 (YMH6) Online Expiry Dec 2005 (YMZ5) First Notice Sep 2005 (YMU5) Tradable Contracts This is the electronically traded contract future that closed for trading when A1-e-0515-Sep-2005 15-Sep-2005 NA s oieOln xiyExpiry Date Online Expiry rst Notice Expiry Date Online Expiry rst Notice 6Dc20 16-Dec-2005 16-Sep-2005 16-Dec-2005 16-Sep-2005 15-Sep-2005 15-Sep-2005 Dow Jones Italy Titans 30 Index Future (F1TA) Dow Jones Industrial Future (ZD) Dow Jones 5$ mini (YM) Order Types: Exchange Fee: Init. Margin: Tick Size: Exchange: Contract Size: Order Types: Exchange Fee: Init. Margin: Tick Size: Exchange: Contract Size: Order Types: Exchange Fee: Init. Margin: Tick Size: Exchange: Contract Size: market, limit USD 0.82 2,500 1 pt. = USD 5 ECBOT 5 * Index market, limit USD 0.98 5,000 1 pt. or USD 10 ECBOT 10 * Index market, limit, stop EUR 0 2,500 1 = EUR 10 EUREX 10 x index Min. Comm.: Maint. Margin: Tick Value: Trading Hours GMT: Min. Trade: Min. Comm.: Maint. Margin: Tick Value: Trading Hours GMT: Min. Trade:

Min. Comm.: Maint. Margin: Tick Value: Trading Hours GMT: Min. Trade: USD 10 4,000 10 01:15 - 13:00 1

USD 10 2,000 5 01:15 - 22:00 1 EUR 10 2,500 10 08:00 - 16:40 1

517 e 05(S5 A1-e-0516-Dec-2005 16-Dec-2005 NA Expiry Date Dec 2005 (ESZ5) Online Expiry Sep 2005 (ESU5) First Notice E-MINI S&P 500, Tradable Contracts NA On NA (ER2Z5) Dec 2005 Notice First (ER2U5) Sep 2005 Tradable Contracts NA NA (QCNZ5) Dec 2005 Notice First (QCNU5) Sep 2005 Tradable Contracts A1-e-0516-Sep-2005 16-Sep-2005 NA 6Dc20 16-Dec-2005 16-Sep-2005 16-Dec-2005 Date Expiry 16-Sep-2005 Online Expiry 6Dc20 16-Dec-2005 16-Sep-2005 16-Dec-2005 16-Sep-2005 line Expiry Expiry Date Expiry line Expiry E-Mini NASDAQ Composite (QCN) E-mini Russell 2000 (ER2) E-mini S&P 500 (ES) Contract Size: Exchange: Tick Size: Init. Margin: Exchange Fee: Order Types: Contract Size: Order Types: Exchange: Exchange Fee: Tick Size: Init. Margin: Init. Margin: Tick Size: Exchange Fee: Exchange: Order Types: Contract Size: 50 * Index GLOBEX USD 12.50 0.25 = 3,150 market, limit, stoplimit USD 1.16 100 * Index GLOBEX 0.1 = USD 5 2,700 USD 1.16 market, limit, stoplimit market, limit, stoplimit USD 0 4,500 0.50 = USD 10 GLOBEX 20 x Index Min. Trade: Trading Hours GMT: Maint. Margin: Tick Value: Min. Comm.: Min. Comm.: Maint. Margin: Tick Value: Trading Hours GMT: Min. Trade: Min. Trade: Trading Hours GMT: Tick Value: Maint. Margin: Min. Comm.: 1 21:30 - 21:15 3,150 12.5 USD 10

1 21:30 - 21:15 5 2,700 USD 10

USD 10 3,600 10 23:00 - 22:30 1

518 e 05(FZ)N 6Dc20 16-Dec-2005 16-Dec-2005 NA NA (FFIH6) Mar 2006 NA (FFIZ5) 2005 Dec Fi (FFIU5) Sep 2005 Tradable Contracts NA NA (FDXH6) Mar 2006 NA (FDXZ5) Dec 2005 Fi (FDXU5) Sep 2005 Tradable Contracts 16-Sep-2005 16-Sep-2005 Expiry Date Online NA Expiry First Notice Sep 2005 (EMDU5) Tradable Contracts s oieOln xiyExpiry Date Online Expiry rst Notice Expiry Date Online Expiry rst Notice 7Mr20 17-Mar-2006 16-Dec-2005 17-Mar-2006 16-Sep-2005 16-Dec-2005 16-Sep-2005 7Mr20 17-Mar-2006 17-Mar-2006 16-Sep-2005 16-Sep-2005 E-Mini S&P MidCap 400 (EMD) FTSE 100 Index Future (FFI) EUR DAX Index (FDX) Order Types: Exchange Fee: Init. Margin: Tick Size: Exchange: Contract Size: Order Types: Exchange Fee: Init. Margin: Tick Size: Exchange: Contract Size: Order Types: Exchange Fee: Init. Margin: Tick Size: Exchange: Contract Size: market, limit, stoplimit USD 0 3,375 0.10 = USD 10 GLOBEX 100 x Index market, limit, stop EUR 0.5 8,200 0.5 = EUR 12.5 EUREX 25 * Index market, limit GBP 0.28 1,300 0.5 = GBP 5 LIFFE 10 * Index Min. Comm.: Maint. Margin: Tick Value: Trading Hours GMT: Min. Trade: Min. Comm.: Maint. Margin: Tick Value: Trading Hours GMT: Min. Trade: Min. Comm.: Maint. Margin: Tick Value: Trading Hours GMT: Min. Trade: EUR 10 8,200 12.5 06:30 - 19:15 1 USD 10 2,800 10 23:00 - 22:30 1 GBP 8 1,300 5 06:01 - 17:30 1

519 e 05(2X5 NA On NA (F2MXZ5) Dec 2005 Notice First (F2MXU5) Sep 2005 Tradable Contracts 16-Sep-2005 19-Aug-2005 16-Sep-2005 19-Aug-2005 Expiry Date NA Online Expiry Sep 2005 (MFMIU5) NA First Notice Aug 2005 (MFMIQ5) Tradable Contracts NA NA (MFXIH6) Mar 2006 NA (MFXIZ5) Dec 2005 NA Oct 2005 (MFXIV5) NA (MFXIU5) Sep 2005 Notice First (MFXIQ5) Aug 2005 Tradable Contracts 7Mr20 17-Mar-2006 16-Dec-2005 17-Mar-2006 21-Oct-2005 16-Dec-2005 16-Sep-2005 21-Oct-2005 19-Aug-2005 16-Sep-2005 Date Expiry 19-Aug-2005 Online Expiry 6Dc20 16-Dec-2005 16-Sep-2005 16-Dec-2005 16-Sep-2005 line Expiry Expiry Date Expiry line Expiry IBEX 35 Index Future (MFXI) MDAX Index Future (F2MX) IBEX35 Mini (MFMI) Order Types: Exchange Fee: Init. Margin: Tick Size: Exchange: Contract Size: Order Types: Exchange Fee: Init. Margin: Tick Size: Exchange: Contract Size: Order Types: Exchange Fee: Init. Margin: Tick Size: Exchange: Contract Size: market, limit EUR 1.9 6,000 1 pt. = EUR 10 MEFF 10 market, limit EUR 0.55 600 1 pt. = EUR 5 MEFF 1 * Index market, limit, stop EUR 0 2,065 1.00 or EUR 5 EUREX 5 x Index Min. Comm.: Maint. Margin: Tick Value: Trading Hours GMT: Min. Trade: Min. Comm.: Maint. Margin: Tick Value: Trading Hours GMT: Min. Trade: Min. Comm.: Maint. Margin: Tick Value: Trading Hours GMT: Min. Trade: EUR 10 6,000 10 08:00 - 16:35 1 EUR 10 600 5 08:00 - 16:35 1

EUR 10 2,065 5 07:50 - 19:00 1

520 u 05(TQ)NA NA (STWQ5) Aug 2005 Notice First (STWN5) Jul 2005 Tradable Contracts NA NA (SSGQ5) Aug 2005 Notice First (SSGN5) Jul 2005 Tradable Contracts NA NA (MINIZ5) Dec 2005 First (MINIU5) Sep 2005 Tradable Contracts Notice Online Expiry Expiry Date Expiry Online Expiry Notice 0Ag20 30-Aug-2005 28-Jul-2005 30-Aug-2005 Date Expiry 28-Jul-2005 Online Expiry 30-Aug-2005 28-Jul-2005 30-Aug-2005 Date Expiry 28-Jul-2005 Online Expiry 6Dc20 16-Dec-2005 16-Sep-2005 16-Dec-2005 16-Sep-2005 MSCI Singapore Index Future (SSG) MSCI TAIWAN Index Future (STW) Mini S&P/MIB Index (MINI) Contract Size: Exchange: Tick Size: Init. Margin: Exchange Fee: Order Types: Contract Size: Exchange: Tick Size: Init. Margin: Exchange Fee: Order Types: Exchange Fee: Init. Margin: Tick Size: Exchange: Contract Size: Order Types: 1 x Index IDEM EUR 5 320 EUR 0.45 market, limit 200 * Index SGX-DT SGD 20 or 0.1 1,500 SGD 0 market, limit SGD 0 1,875 USD 10 or 0.1 SGX-DT 100 * Index market, limit Min. Trade: Trading Hours GMT: Tick Value: Maint. Margin: Min. Comm.: Min. Trade: Trading Hours GMT: Tick Value: Maint. Margin: Min. Comm.:

Min. Comm.: Maint. Margin: Tick Value: Trading Hours GMT: Min. Trade:

1 08:00 - 16:40 5 320 EUR 10

1 00:45 - 09:15 20 1,200 SGD 20 SGD 20 1,500 10 00:45 - 11:00 1 521 e 05(NZ)N 8Dc20 08-Dec-2005 08-Dec-2005 NA (JNIZ5) 2005 Dec NA (JNIU5) Sep 2005 Fi Tradable Contracts e 05(SU)NA (SSIU5) Sep 2005 NA (SSIQ5) Aug 2005 Fi Tradable Contracts NA (NQZ5) Dec 2005 NA (NQU5) Sep 2005 Date Fi Tradable Contracts s oieOln xiyExpiry Date Online Expiry rst Notice s oieOln xiyExpiry Date Online Expiry rst Notice Expiry Online Expiry rst Notice 8Sp20 08-Sep-2005 08-Sep-2005 8Sp20 08-Sep-2005 11-Aug-2005 08-Sep-2005 11-Aug-2005 16-Dec-2005 16-Sep-2005 16-Dec-2005 16-Sep-2005 Nikkei 225 Index Future (JNI) Nikkei 225 Futures (SSI) NASDAQ E-MINI (NQ) Contract Size: Exchange: Tick Size: Init. Margin: Exchange Fee: Contract Size: Order Types: Exchange: Tick Size: Init. Margin: Exchange Fee: Order Types: Contract Size: Exchange: Tick Size: Init. Margin: Exchange Fee: Order Types: 20 * Index GLOBEX 0.5 = USD 10 3,750 USD 1.16 500 * Index market, limit, stoplimit SGX-DT 5 pt = JPY 2500 212,500 SGD 0 market, limit 1,000 x Index OSAKA SX 5 pts. = 350,000 10.000 JPY JPY 275 market, limit Min. Trade: Trading Hours GMT: Tick Value: Maint. Margin: Min. Comm.: Min. Trade: Trading Hours GMT: Tick Value: Maint. Margin: Min. Comm.:

Min. Trade: Trading Hours GMT: Tick Value: Maint. Margin: Min. Comm.:

1 21:30 - 21:15 10 3,000 USD 10 1 01:00 - 09:00 2,500 170,000 SGD 20

1 00:00 - 06:10 10,000 350,000 JPY 1,200

522 e 05(P5 NA (APZ5) Dec 2005 NA (APU5) Sep 2005 Fi Tradable Contracts e 05(SI5 NA (FSMIZ5) Dec 2005 NA (FSMIU5) Sep 2005 Fi Tradable Contracts NA NA 16-Dec-2005 (SPMIBZ5) Dec 2005 16-Sep-2005 (SPMIBU5) Sep 2005 Fi Tradable Contracts s oieOln xiyExpiry Date Online Expiry rst Notice s oieOln xiyExpiry Date Online Expiry rst Notice Expiry Date Online Expiry rst Notice 5Dc20 15-Dec-2005 15-Sep-2005 15-Dec-2005 15-Sep-2005 6Dc20 16-Dec-2005 16-Sep-2005 16-Dec-2005 16-Sep-2005 16-Dec-2005 16-Sep-2005 SPI 200 Index Future (AP) SMI Index Future (FSMI) S&P/MIB Index (SPMIB) Order Types: Exchange Fee: Init. Margin: Tick Size: Exchange: Contract Size: Order Types: Exchange Fee: Init. Margin: Tick Size: Exchange: Contract Size: Order Types: Exchange Fee: Init. Margin: Tick Size: Exchange: Contract Size: limit AUD 0.9 1,750 1 index point SFE 25 * Index market, limit, stop EUR 0.4 4,400 1 pt. = CHF 10 EUREX 10 * Index market, limit EUR 0.52 1,600 5 pt = EUR 25 IDEM 5 x Index Min. Comm.: Maint. Margin: Tick Value: Trading Hours GMT: Min. Trade: Min. Comm.: Maint. Margin: Tick Value: Trading Hours GMT: Min. Trade: Min. Comm.: Maint. Margin: Tick Value: Trading Hours GMT: Min. Trade: AUD 12.5 1,750 25 06:10 - 05:30 1 EUR 10 4,400 10 07:50 - 16:30 1 EUR 10 1,600 25 08:00 - 16:40

523 http://www.saxobank.com/?id=1040&Lan=EN&Au=1&Grp=5&ShowOnlineTraded=1&exchange=EUREX NA 16-Dec-2005 Dec 2005 (FTDXZ5) 16-Sep-2005 (FTDXU5) Sep 2005 Fi Tradable Contracts NA (SSTN5) Jul 2005 Fi Tradable Contracts s oieOln xiyExpiry Date Online Expiry rst Notice Expiry Date Online Expiry rst Notice A16-Dec-2005 NA 28-Jul-2005 28-Jul-2005 TecDAX (Performance) Index (FTDX) Straits Times Index Future (SST) 16-Sep-2005 Contract Size: Contract Size: Exchange: Exchange: Tick Size: Tick Size: Init. Margin: Init. Margin: Exchange Fee: Exchange Fee: Order Types: Order Types: 10 x Index 10 * Index EUREX SGX-DT 1 index point 1pt =SGD10 525 625 EUR 0.2 SGD 0 market, limit, stop market, limit Min. Trade: Min. Trade: Trading Hours GMT: Trading Hours GMT: Tick Value: Tick Value: Maint. Margin: Maint. Margin: Min. Comm.: Min. Comm.:

1 1 07:50 - 19:00 00:45 - 09:15 10 10 525 500 EUR 10 SGD 20

6.2. PASAULIO BIRÞOS IR JØ FEDERACIJOS KOLEKTYVINIAI NARIAI

AMERICAN STOCK EXCHANGE IRISH STOCK EXCHANGE ATHENS EXCHANGE ISTANBUL STOCK EXCHANGE AUSTRALIAN STOCK EXCHANGE JAKARTA STOCK EXCHANGE BERMUDA STOCK EXCHANGE JSE LIMITED BME SPANISH EXCHANGES KOREA EXCHANGE BOLSA DE COMERCIO DE BUENOS LJUBLJANA STOCK EXCHANGE AIRES LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE BOLSA DE COMERCIO DE SANTIAGO MALTA STOCK EXCHANGE BOLSA DE VALORES DE COLOMBIA NASD BOLSA DE VALORES DE LIMA NATIONAL STOCK EXCHANGE OF BOLSA DE VALORES DO SÆO PAULO INDIA LIMITED BOLSA MEXICANA DE VALORES NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE BORSA ITALIANA SPA NEW ZEALAND EXCHANGE LTD, BOURSE DE LUXEMBOURG OMX EXCHANGES LTD. BOURSE DE MONTRÉAL OSAKA SECURITIES EXCHANGE BSE THE STOCK EXCHANGE, MUMBAI OSLO BØRS BUDAPEST STOCK EXCHANGE LTD. PHILIPPINE STOCK EXCHANGE BURSA MALAYSIA SHANGHAI STOCK EXCHANGE CHICAGO BOARD OPTIONS SHENZHEN STOCK EXCHANGE EXCHANGE SINGAPORE EXCHANGE COLOMBO STOCK EXCHANGE STOCK EXCHANGE OF TEHRAN COPENHAGEN STOCK EXCHANGE STOCK EXCHANGE OF THAILAND DEUTSCHE BÖRSE AG SWX SWISS EXCHANGE EURONEXT AMSTERDAM TAIWAN STOCK EXCHANGE CORP. EURONEXT BRUSSELS TEL-AVIV STOCK EXCHANGE EURONEXT LISBON TOKYO STOCK EXCHANGE EURONEXT PARIS TSX GROUP HONG KONG EXCHANGES AND WARSAW STOCK EXCHANGE CLEARING WIENER BÖRSE AG

Šaltinis:http://www.fibv.com./WFE/ home.Asp?action=member&member=4&menu=54&index=1

Pasaulio birþø federacijos kliringo rûmai

BOLSA DE COMERCIO DE SANTIAGO CENTRAL CLEARING HOUSE AND BURSA MALAYSIA DERIVATIVES DEPOSITARY (BUDAPEST) LTD. CLEARING BERHAD (KELER) CANADIAN DERIVATIVES CLEARING COPENHAGEN STOCK EXCHANGE CORP.

524 FUTOP CLEARINGCENTRALEN A/S OPTIONS CLEARING HOUSE PTY HONG KONG EXCHANGES AND LIMITED CLEARING SHENZHEN STOCK EXCHANGE LCH.CLEARNET LIMITED STOCK EXCHANGE OF THAILAND LCH.CLEARNET SA TAKASBANK - ISE SETTLEMENT AND NATIONAL DEPOSITORY FOR CUSTODY BANK INC. SECURITIES OF POLAND TEL AVIV STOCK EXCHANGE NATIONAL SECURITIES CLEARING CLEARING HOUSE LTD CORPORATION LIMITED TEL-AVIV STOCK EXCHANGE NOS CLEARING ASA THE CLEARING CORPORATION THE OPTIONS CLEARING CORPORA- TION, INC.

145 pagrindinës pasaulio birþos

Abidjan Stock Exchange Bulgarian Stock Exchange African Stock Exchange Guide Cairo Stock Exchange Alberta Stock Exchange Caracas Stock Exchange Alternative Investment Market (also: London Casablanca Stock Exchange Stock Exchange) Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT) American Stock Exchange (AMEX) Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE) Amman Financial Market Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) Amsterdam Exchanges Chicago Stock Exchange Arizona Stock Exchange Chile Electronic Stock Exchange Athens Stock Exchange Coffee, Sugar & Cocoa Exchange (CSCE) Australian Stock Exchange Colombo Stock Exchange Austrian Futures and Options Exchange Copenhagen Stock Exchange Bangalore Stock Exchange Costa Rica National Stock Exchange Barcelona Stock Exchange Cyprus Stock Exchange Beirut Stock Exchange Dublin Stock Exchange (see: Irish Stock Belgian Futures and Options Exchange Exchange) Berlin Stock Exchange EASDAQ Bermuda Stock Exchange EURO.NM Bilbao Stock Exchange European Exchange (EUREX) Bogotá Stock Exchange Frankfurt Stock Exchange (see also: German Botswana Stock Exchange Stock Exchange) Bratislava Stock Exchange Geneva Stock Exchange (see: Swiss Brussels Stock Exchange Exchange) Bucharest Stock Exchange German Stock Exchange Budapest Stock Exchange German Derivatives Exchange (Deutsche Terminbörse DTB) Buenos Aires Stock Exchange

525 German Munich Stock Exchange Montreal Stock Exchange Ghana Stock Exchange Moscow Central Stock Exchange Guayaquil Stock Exchange Munich Stock Exchange (see: German Stock Helsinki Stock Exchange Exchange) Hiroshima Stock Exchange Nagoya Stock Exchange Hong Kong Futures Exchange Nairobi Stock Exchange Hong Kong Stock Exchange Namibian Stock Exchange Indian Stock Exchange (NSE) NASDAQ Irish Stock Exchange (NSE) New York Coffee, Sugar & Cocoa Exchange International Federation of Stock Exchanges New York Cotton Exchange (FIBV) New York Mercantile Exchange Istanbul Stock Exchange New York Stock Exchange Italian Stock Exchange New Zealand Stock Exchange Jakarta Stock Exchange Nicaragua Stock Exchange Jamaica Stock Exchange Nigerian Stock Exchange Johannesburg Stock Exchange Nijny Novgorod Stock and Currency Kansas City Board of Trade Exchange (in Russian) Karachi Stock Exchange Nouveau Marché Paris Korea Stock Exchange Occident Stock Exchange (Cali) Lahore Stock Exchange Oporto Derivatives Exchange Lima Stock Exchange Options Market Stockholm Lisbon Stock Exchange Oslo Stock Exchange Ljubljana Stock Exchange Pacific Exchange (Los Angeles and San London International Financial Futures and Francisco) Options Exchange (LIFFE) Panama Stock Exchange London Stock Exchange Parana Mercantile Exchange Lusaka Stock Exchange Paris Stock Exchange Luxembourg Stock Exchange Philadelphia Stock Exchange Macedonian Stock Exchange Prague Stock Exchange Madrid Stock Exchange RASDAQ Mangalore Stock Exchange Rhenish-Westphalian Stock Exchange MATIF Marche a Terme International de (Dusseldorf) France Russian Exchange Mauritius Stock Exchange (SEM) Russian Trading System Medellin Stock Exchange Santiago Stock Exchange Mexican Stock Exchange Sao Paulo Mercantile and Futures Exchange MidAmerica Commodity Exchange Sao Paulo Stock Exchange Milan Stock Exchange (see: Italian Stock Shanghai Metal Exchange Exchange) Shanghai Stock Exchange Minneapolis Grain Exchange Shenzhen Stock Exchange

526 Singapore International Monetary Exchange Tel Aviv Stock Exchange (SIMEX) Thailand Stock Exchange Singapore Stock Exchange Tokyo Grain Exchange South African Futures Exchange (SAFEX) Tokyo Stock Exchange Spanish Financial Futures and Options Toronto Stock Exchange Exchange (MEFF) Tunis Stock Exchange St. Petersburg Futures Exchange Ural Stock Exchange St. Petersburg Stock Exchange Vancouver Stock Exchange Stockholm Stock Exchange Venezuelan Electronic Stock Exchange Swaziland Stock Market Vienna Stock Exchange Swiss Options and Financial Futures Warsaw Stock Exchange Exchange (SOFFEX) Winnipeg Commodity Exchange Swiss Exchange Zagreb Stock Exchange Sydney Futures Exchange Zimbabwe Stock Exchange http:// Taiwan Stock Exchange mbendi.co.za/exzi.htm Tallinn Stock Exchange Zurich Stock Exchange (see: Swiss Tanzanian Stock Exchange Exchange) Tehran Stock Exchange

European Stock Market Indexes Website of the Institute for Advanced Studies and Skandia Leben AG, Vienna/Austria.

Pasaulio birþø federacijos nariai- korespondentai

ABU DHABI SECURITIES MARKET CHANNEL ISLANDS STOCK EXCHANGE, BAHRAIN STOCK EXCHANGE LBG BAKU INTERBANK CURRENCY CHITTAGONG STOCK EXCHANGE LTD. EXCHANGE GHANA STOCK EXCHANGE BEIRUT STOCK EXCHANGE GRETAI SECURITIES MARKET BELGRADE STOCK EXCHANGE KAZAKHSTAN STOCK EXCHANGE BOLSA DE COMERCIO DE ROSARIO KUWAIT STOCK EXCHANGE BOLSA DE VALORES DE PANAMA S.A. LUSAKA STOCK EXCHANGE LTD BOLSA NACIONAL DE VALORES DE MOSCOW INTERBANK CURRENCY COSTA RICA EXCHANGE BOURSE RÉGIONALE DES VALEURS MUSCAT SECURITIES MARKET MOBILIÈRES S.A. NAIROBI STOCK EXCHANGE LTD BRATISLAVA STOCK EXCHANGE NAMIBIAN STOCK EXCHANGE BUCHAREST STOCK EXCHANGE PALESTINE SECURITIES EXCHANGE, BULGARIAN STOCK EXCHANGE LTD. CAYMAN ISLANDS STOCK EXCHANGE

527 PORT MORESBY STOCK EXCHANGE SWAZILAND STOCK EXCHANGE LTD. TADAWUL - SAUDI ARABIAN MON- PRAGUE STOCK EXCHANGE ETARY AGENCY RTS STOCK EXCHANGE THE ZAGREB STOCK EXCHANGE SURABAYA STOCK EXCHANGE VIRT-X EXCHANGE LIMITED

528 Antanas Buraèas -

Internetinë finansø ir investicijø informacija. – Enciklopedinis finansø ir ekonomikos þinynas. Vilnius: Mykolo Romerio universiteto Leidybos centras, 2006 – p. 532

ISBN 9955-19-041-8

UDK 336:004.7 Bu279

529 Antanas Buraèas

INTERNETINË FINANSØ IR INVESTICIJØ INFORMACIJA Enciklopedinis finansø ir ekonomikos þinynas

Virðelio dailininkë Stanislava Narkevièiûtë Maketavo Dovilë Gaidytë Redagavo Jurgita Marija Bagdonavièienë

SL 585. 2006 10 06. 22,67 leidyb. apsk. l. Tiraþas 400 egz. Uþsakymas Iðleido Mykolo Romerio universiteto Leidybos centras, Ateities g. 20, LT–08303 Vilnius Puslapis internete www.mruni.eu Elektroninis paðtas [email protected] Spausdino UAB „Baltijos Kopija“, Kareiviø g. 13b, Vilnius Puslapis internete www.kopija.lt Elektroninis paðtas [email protected]

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