MSc Thesis - Master plan Porto Romano Bay, Albania - M. K. Kersten Graduation committee: Prof. Ir. H. Ligteringen Ir. P. Quist Ir. F. A .M. Soons Ir. H. J. Verhagen MSc Thesis - Master plan Porto Romano Bay, Albania - Technical University of Delft Department of Civil Engineering Chair of Ports and Waterways Student: M. K. Kersten 1328212 Graduation committee: Prof. Ir. H. Ligteringen Ir. P. Quist Ir. F. A .M. Soons Ir. H. J. Verhagen June 2010 Delft - Master plan Porto Romano Bay, Albania - PREFACE This study is the final report of my Master Thesis ‘Master plan Porto Romano Bay, Albania’. It has been conducted as the graduation project of my study in the section Hydraulic Engineering in the Chair of Ports and Waterways of the Civil Engineering Department of the Technical University in Delft. In order to achieve a more realistic approach, I exploited the knowledge and the experience of engineers and managers from Witteveen+Bos. These people provided me with a special insight in port planning and design. I would like to thank Prof. Ir. H. Ligteringen from the Chair of Ports and Waterways who communicated a part of his knowledge and experience to me. I would also like to thank Ir. H. J. Verhagen from the Hydraulic Engineering section as well as Ir. F.A.M. Soons from the section Design an Construction Processes. Special thanks also to Ir. P. Quist from Witteveen+Bos, my daily supervisor who suggested the subject of the project and showed special interest in my Thesis as well as John D.M. Koppies, managing director of Koppies&Stevens BV, Michiel Nijdam, transport, port and regional economist at the Erasmus University, Marco Duijnisveld from TNO and Attie Kuiken, consultant at MTBS who provided me with valuable information. Marco Kersten Delft, June 2010 The use of trademarks in any publication of Delft University of Technology does not imply any endorsement or disapproval of this product by the University. - Core-Loc is a registered trademark of the US Army Corps of Engineers - Accropode is a registered trademark of Sogreah Consultants, France - Xbloc is a registered trademark of Delta Marine Consultants, the Netherlands - Master plan Porto Romano Bay, Albania - SUMMARY PART A. INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL INFORMATION Albania has the following major sea ports: Durrës, Vlora, Sarandë and Shëngjin. Investments in sea transport have been concentrated mainly in the ports of Durrës and Vlora as main entrances of Corridor VIII, a strategic road segment linking Albania with Macedonia and Bulgaria. The port of Durrës has the biggest share in the volume of import/export in Albania, nearly 75%. Due to current development rates, limited possibilities for expansion and pollution in the city because of its vicinity to the port, projects are identified to construct a new port which will better meet increasing needs and demands. Oil products and LPG have been imported into Albania through and stored in the Port of Durrës. The tank farms presently in use are in such condition that safety for the surrounding densely populated area cannot be guaranteed. The Albanian Government designated an area 10 km north of Durrës (Romano Port) to be the new location for the storage of oil products and LPG. The Albanian company Romano-Port Sh.a. obtained from the Albanian Government a BOT license to develop storage facilities and operate these for 30 years. In December 2004 Romano-Port completed a LPG and oil storage facility at the designated location. In 2008/2009 Romano-Port completed the civil/structural part of the port facilities required for loading and unloading LPG and oil. As described above in the present situation the Port of Durrës is overcrowded. This gives a reason to do research on the possibilities of constructing port facilities at an alternative location. This new ‘port’ is designed in the Durrës area due to the following reasons: 1. The Tirana/Durrës area is a gateway region of Albania with regard to the European Union; 2. The Tirana/Durrës area forms a Metropolitan area with its own strong development momentum and the highest estimated growth rate. In this region 35% of Albanian enterprises are located and 60% of foreign investments are made. The location of the region in the centre of Albania is – in general terms- very favourable for development. 3. As a result plans are made for constructing energetic and industrial parks just above the city of Durrës. This gives a very good opportunity to build the port nearby; 4. The already built facilities for LPG and oil at Romano Port can be seen as a first step in the development of this bay. PART B. TRADE AND TRAFFIC To design a new port, information is needed about future trade and traffic anticipated in the future. Such a forecast comprises a separate report on their own since the parameters that affect them are numerous. Moreover an effort was made to make some forecasts in order to render this report more realistic. The produced forecasts are bases on a combination of past data extrapolation, trade and traffic trends as well as insight in the situation of Albania and hinterland connections. For an even more realistic approach of the future conditions, the master plan duration, which will be 25 years (2010-2035), is divided into three periods for each scenario: two periods of ten years (2010-2020 and 2020-2030) and one period of five years (2030-2035). Three different growth scenarios were taken into account. This report has been based on the medium growth scenario (4.3%, 3.8% and 3.1 % increase in the total trade of Albania in tons for the three time periods respectively) while at the same time the final alternatives for the port layout are characterized by a certain level of flexibility in order to cope with potential deviation from the forecasted growth rates. - Master plan Porto Romano Bay, Albania - The forecast up to 2035 showed a significant decrease in the dry bulk sector and general cargo, falling to a percentage of 20% and 10% respectively (34% and 16% in 2008). The liquid bulk sector and the container sector are increasing to a percentage of 20% and 50% respectively (14% and 36% in 2008). Assuming a medium growth scenario 1,807,000 tons of dry bulk will be handled in Porto Romano in 2035, 774,000 tons liquid bulk, 1,033,000 tons general cargo and 215,111 TEUs. In general small vessels with an average Dead Weight of about 4,000 tons are calling the port of Durrës. Containership dimensions increase especially in the Mediterranean region up to vessels with TEU capacities of 12,500 up to 14,000. Albania with its small economic trade doesn’t attract the larger vessels even not in future. It is unknown which type of vessels will enter in future the container port of Vlora, but for the Romano Port, the maximum is set on 45,000 dwt. For 2020, 2030 and 2035, the maximum ship size is the same because this type of vessel enters the Mediterranean area frequently. Therefore, when Romano Port starts functioning, it is immediately able to accommodate container vessels up to 45,000 dwt. For dry bulk it is assumed that the port should be able to accommodate vessels up to 40,000 dwt. The General Cargo vessels which currently enter the port of Durrës have an average size of 4,000 dwt. Although in general the size of General Cargo vessels remains relative small the average ship is expected to increase up to 10,000 dwt in 2035, with a maximum of 15,000 dwt. The throughput handled per call is expected to be approximately 65% of the dwt. The liquid bulk terminal which is already constructed in Romano Port, will accommodate cargo ships with liquid gas capacity of 9,000 tons and oil cargo ships with a capacity of 20,000 tons. The maximum ship size is assumed at 25,000 dwt. Because this terminal is in operation for one year now, no big future expansions are expected. PART C. MASTER PLAN DEVELOPMENT Taking into account the above forecasts, the future needs concerning terminal areas, berths and equipment were depicted. The container terminal will require a storage area of 440,000 m 2 and a berth length of 466 meter. Dry bulk needs an area of 62,000 m 2 and a berth length of 240 meter. General cargo will require a storage area of 84,000 m 2 and a berth length of 543 meter. For the liquid bulk terminal, no additional berth is required. Ten alternatives were generated based on the future needs above. Three of them were discussed in more detail. Several affecting parameters were taken into account like extensibility, tranquillity, manoeuvrability etc. The comparison among these alternatives was conducted with the help of a multi criteria analyses. The objectivity of this method was verified by doing several sensitivity checks. Finally it leads to a final optimum port layout. At the end of this master plan two short chapters are written about the breakwater and quay wall. After an analysis, where several breakwater types were discussed and a comparison between a caisson type and rubble mound breakwater was made, the rubble mound breakwater appeared to be the preferred solution. The breakwater armour layer is designed using a single layer of Accropode ll cubes. A concrete unit is selected because the required weight of the armour units is substantially larger than the available 2 ton rock in the quarry nearby. For the quay wall, an open pile construction has been selected. - Master plan Porto Romano Bay, Albania - INDEX PART A.