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Proposed Refurbishment Works to the North Courtyard Range WHALLEY ABBEY Lancashire

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Proposed Refurbishment Works to the North Courtyard Range WHALLEY ABBEY Lancashire NEIL ARCHAEOLOGICAL SERVICES Established 1994 NIGEL R. J. NEIL, MA, MSc, MIfA, LRPS 5 HILLSIDE, CASTLE PARK, LANCASTER, LA1 1YH Tel/Voicemail 01524 844 728 Mobile/Voicemail 07968 621 530 e-mail: [email protected] Desk-based & field evaluation of sites Archaeological watching briefs Standing building photography, survey, & analysis Environmental Impact Assessment Garden History projects Outreach and lectures Proposed refurbishment works to the North Courtyard Range WHALLEY ABBEY Lancashire Report on Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment and Statement of Significance The North-East Gatehouse and North Range (clockwise from top left) on the Buck brothers’ engraving of 1727, on the Porter estate map of 1762 (Lancashire Archives DDWT map 1), and in 2005 (photos: Nigel Neil) FINAL VERSION 24 May 2014 Commissioned by: The National Autistic Society and IWA Architects Ltd. To inform: Blackburn Diocesan Board of Finance, Lancashire County Archaeological Service, Ribble Valley Borough Council, and English Heritage. Whalley Abbey North Range, Lancs.: Report on desk-based assessment 1 CONTENTS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 4 1. INTRODUCTION 5 1.1 Site location and project circumstances 5 1.2 Heritage status 5 1.3 Local Listing 7 1.4 Planning situation, 2014 7 1.5 Outline history 8 1.6 Re-development of the North Range c. 1924-1991 8 1.7 Archaeological background 11 1.8 Previous assessment of heritage significance 14 1.9 Ongoing desk-based and scientific research 15 2. DESK-BASED ASSESSMENT 18 2.1 Standards 18 2.2 Whalley Abbey: historical synopsis 18 2.3 Chronology of the Dissolution of Whalley Abbey, and its later owners 19 2.4 Phasing the North Range using illustrations and cartographic sources 22 3. CONCLUSIONS 35 3.1 Construction phases: introduction 35 3.2 Medieval 35 3.3 Post-medieval / Early Modern 36 3.4 Re-acquisition by the Church 38 4. ASSESSMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE 39 4.1 Assessment criteria 39 4.2 Positive attributes 40 4.3 Detractors 41 4.4 Recommendations 43 5. BIBLIOGRAPHY 44 5.1 Primary sources 44 5.2 Cartographic sources 45 5.3 Published primary, and secondary sources 45 5.4 Sources located but not seen 47 Appendix 1: Neil Archaeological Services Written Scheme of Investigation 49 (Costs deleted) For the use of National Autistic Society, IWA Architects Ltd., Blackburn Diocesan Board of Finance, Neil Archaeological Services Lancashire County Archaeological Service, Ribble Valley Borough Council, and English Heritage Revised May 2014 Whalley Abbey North Range, Lancs.: Report on desk-based assessment 2 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Fig 1 A photo-montage of the south exterior elevation of the North Range 5 Fig 2 The north exterior elevation of the range 5 Fig 3 Extent of the Scheduled Ancient Monument of Whalley Abbey 6 Fig 4 Ministry of Works plan, showing north wall of North Range as medieval precinct wall 7 Fig 5 Photogrammetric plot and photo of wall scar for precinct wall on North-East Gatehouse 7 Fig 6 Block plan, ground floor plan and partial first floor plan of the North Range, 1924 9 Fig 7 Drawings of north and south elevations, 1924. Robbed buttresses omitted 10 Fig 8 Unrealised proposals: 1920s for a chapel, 1970s for conversion of North Range to bedrooms 10 Fig 9 Photogrammetric plots of the north and south elevations of the North Range, 1979 12 Fig 10 Archaeological recording inside the North Range in 1990-91 12 Fig 11 Examples of interior stone-by-stone drawings created in 1990-91 13 Fig 12 Location plan and photos of archaeological trenches near North Range in 2003 and 2005; Example from photo-mosaic in 5 x 5 m squares of the North Courtyard, 2005 13 Fig 13 Interpretation of the 2005 dendrochronology results from the Conference House 16 Fig 14 Dendrochronology (tree-ring dating) sampling in the North Range, March 2014 16 Fig 15 Examples of core sample from North Range, and disguising core locations 17 Fig 16 Datestone of 1588 on conference house; lead gutter of 1698 21 Fig 17 View of the north elevation of the conference house, showing simplified phasing 21 Fig 18 Examples of the ashlar walling of Conference House and West Courtyard Wall 21 Fig 19 1924 plan of the North Range annotated with usage then and today 22 Fig 20 Detail from 1727 view, showing gatekeeper’s cottage, secondary gateway, stables 23 Fig 21 1757 copy of an earlier map showing the Whalley lands owned by Thomas Braddyll 23 Fig 22 Details from 1762 estate map 24 Fig 23 NE Gate, gatekeeper’s cottage, and subsidiary gateway, by John Buckler, 1808 24 Fig 24 Detail from Earl Howe’s sale conveyance 1834; Ordnance survey map, 1848 25 Fig 25 Photogrammetric plot of west end of south elevation of North Range, with interpretation 25 Fig 26 Photo-montage of the west end of the north elevation 26 Fig 27 Photogrammetric plot of west end of north elevation, marked up with draft interpretation 26 For the use of National Autistic Society, IWA Architects Ltd., Blackburn Diocesan Board of Finance, Neil Archaeological Services Lancashire County Archaeological Service, Ribble Valley Borough Council, and English Heritage Revised May 2014 Whalley Abbey North Range, Lancs.: Report on desk-based assessment 3 Fig 28 Photos of roof of the ‘shop’ bay and carriage house / café 27 Fig 29 Photos and drawings of west interior elevation of the carriage house 27 Fig 30 South and north elevations of carriage house, before 1991 conversion 28 Fig 31 Flag floor of carriage house 28 Fig 32 Photo of the east end of the south elevation 29 Fig 33 Photo-montage of the east end of the north elevation, showing the robbed buttresses etc. 29 Fig 34 Photogrammetric plot of the east ends of the south and north elevations, with interpretation 30 Fig 35 Stone-by-stone drawing, 1990, of internal east elevation of carriage house 30 Fig 36 Views of the under-surface of the eastern joist in the stable/exhibition room 31 Fig 37 Canted tie beams of east truss in the main office, and truss over modern staircase 31 Fig 38 Two trusses in the small office exhibit high collars; those in the main office have packing pieces, made from re-used fragments of earlier trusses 32 Fig 39 1990 rectified photo of interior south elevation of ‘bothy’; joists in upper floor of bothy 32 Fig 40 1924 plan of stable and bothy; photogrammetric plot of external east elevation 32 Fig 41 Interior views of the western and eastern first floor windows in 1990 33 Fig 42 North wall of hay loft / large office, showing timber wall plate; replacement in brick in eastern bay; exterior view showing tooled sandstone course at wallhead 33 Fig 43 Trusses of the hay loft / main office, showing ridge-braced king posts etc. 34 Fig 44 Examples of carpenters’ assembly marks on hay loft / main office roof trusses 34 Fig 45 Buttressed Medieval rear (north) wall of the North Range 35 Fig 46 Photogrammetric plot and photo, showing former steeper roof pitch of gatekeeper’s cottage 36 Fig 47 Eastern bays of the North Range, showing corework and possible re-used medieval window 37 Fig 48 Extract from IWA Architects Ltd. proposals plan for the upper storey 41 Fig 49 Exterior view of first floor north window; interior view of plywood blocking and extractor 41 Fig 50 Potentially damaging ivy growth on east, and north elevations 42 Fig 51 Ivy growth to the front (south) elevation 42 For the use of National Autistic Society, IWA Architects Ltd., Blackburn Diocesan Board of Finance, Neil Archaeological Services Lancashire County Archaeological Service, Ribble Valley Borough Council, and English Heritage Revised May 2014 Whalley Abbey North Range, Lancs.: Report on desk-based assessment 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The writer wishes to thank Kenny Bryce from The National Autistic Society, and his colleagues, for funding the assessment, and for their interest and cooperation during the survey work, especially during the dendrochronology sampling while they were moving in to their new premises at the abbey. Ivan Wilson, Director of IWA Architects Ltd., provided considerable assistance with logistics, and copies of proposal drawings. Mark Drummond of TriCAD Solutions Ltd provided copies of their new survey very quickly. Christine Nelson and her colleagues at Whalley Abbey Conference House, and Elaine Hargreaves at Blackburn Diocese, provided assistance throughout the assessment and reporting timeframe. Archives relating to Whalley Abbey are widely dispersed and it would not have been possible to study as many relevant documents as were seen without the assistance of the staff of Lancashire Archives, especially Anna Watson, MBE, whose unrivalled knowledge of Blackburn Diocese’s deposits proved invaluable. Glenda Cook of Napthens, solicitors, provided access to records held for Blackburn Registry at Church House, Blackburn, and Sandra Bonsall and Debbie Waddington to those held by Oxford Archaeology North in Lancaster. Shahina Farid, FSA, Scientific Dating Coordinator at English Heritage, responded very quickly to the writer’s request to recommence the dating programme begun at Whalley Abbey in 2005, and Robert Howard and Alison Arnold of Nottingham Tree-Ring Laboratory carried out the assessment process and sampling visits with care and commitment. CONTACT DETAILS The Client Mr Kenny Bryce Tel: 01254 888535 The National Autistic Society (Lancashire services) Fax: 01254 876837 Margaret House, Queen Street Email: [email protected] Great Harwood, BB6 7QP Website: www.autism.org.uk/lancashire Head office The National Autistic Society Tel: 020 7833 2299 393 City Road Fax: 020 7833 9666 London, EC1V 1NG Email: [email protected] The architects Ivan Wilson, IHBC, AABC, RIBA, Conservation Architect / Director IWA Architects Ltd. Tel: 01200 423487 Waterloo Mill Fax: 01200 458278 Waterloo Road E-mail: [email protected] Clitheroe, Lancashire, BB7 1LR Website: www.iwarchitects.co.uk For the use of National Autistic Society, IWA Architects Ltd., Blackburn Diocesan Board of Finance, Neil Archaeological Services Lancashire County Archaeological Service, Ribble Valley Borough Council, and English Heritage Revised May 2014 Whalley Abbey North Range, Lancs.: Report on desk-based assessment 5 1.
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