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Informe De ARP 2009

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Informe de ARP 2009 Agradecimientos Por parte de la Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, el personal técnico de la Dirección de Salud Forestal y Recursos Genéticos, fungió como contraparte a lo largo de todo el estudio por lo cual se agradece su participación; a la Mtra. Leticia Arango Caballero, por la composición fotográfica; al Dr. Raymond Gagné, Research Entomologist of the Systematic Entomology Laboratory por la identificación de las especies de Contarinia; al Biólogo Juan Antonio Olivo de CONAFOR Chihuahua, al Ing. Edgar Olvera de CONAFOR Hidalgo y al Ing. Sergio Quiñones de CONAFOR Durango, por la colecta en campo de material de especies de Contarinia; a los Doctores David Gernandt, del Laboratorio de Bilogía Molecular del Instituto de Biología, UNAM, y Omar Alejandro Pérez Vera del Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de la División de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, por el análisis molecular realizado sobre las colectas de especies de Contarinia y Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii, por último, a la Ing. Rosa Vázquez Cedillo por la preparación de material de insectos recolectados en campo. Informe de ARP 2009 CONTENIDO RESUMEN EJECUTIVO ........................................................................................ I INTRODUCCIÓN .................................................................................................. 1 OBJETIVO GENERAL ....................................................................................... 2 OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS ............................................................................... 2 ALCANCE ......................................................................................................... 2 ÁMBITO DEL ARP ............................................................................................. 2 ANTECEDENTES ................................................................................................. 3 Rechazo de árboles en frontera ......................................................................... 4 Destino inicial declarado de los árboles importados .......................................... 5 MÉTODOS ........................................................................................................... 6 Grupo de expertos ............................................................................................ 6 Desarrollo del sistema de medición del riesgo ................................................... 6 Listado de los organismos exóticos que deben ser sometidos al ARP ................. 7 Visitas de inspección y recopilación de información en México ......................... 7 Evaluación del riesgo de los organismos seleccionados ..................................... 7 Método para obtener la información ................................................................. 8 FORMATO DE ARP ........................................................................................... 9 CRITERIOS PARA EL MANEJO DEL RIESGO ................................................. 13 Evaluación numérica ...................................................................................... 16 Incertidumbre ................................................................................................. 17 RESULTADOS .................................................................................................... 18 ETAPA 1. INICIO ................................................................................................ 19 Vía de entrada ................................................................................................ 19 Listado de especies a considerar en el ARP ..................................................... 19 Conclusiones sobre la Etapa 1 ........................................................................ 44 Bibliografía citada. .......................................................................................... 45 ETAPA 2. PRESENTACIÓN DE ARP´S ................................................................. 46 ANÁLISIS DE RIESGO PARA Choristoneura fumiferana ................................... 47 ANÁLISIS DE RIESGO PARA Choristoneura occidentalis ................................. 63 ANÁLISIS DE RIESGO PARA Deroceras reticulatum ........................................ 79 ANÁLISIS DE RIESGO PARA Lymantria dispar raza europea .......................... 89 ANÁLISIS DE RIESGO PARA Nalepella ednae y Epitrimerus pseudotsugae .... 107 ANÁLISIS DE RIESGO PARA Orgyia pseudotsugata ...................................... 115 i Informe de ARP 2009 ANÁLISIS DE RIESGO PARA Pissodes strobi ................................................. 131 ANÁLISIS DE RIESGO PARA Vespula germanica ........................................... 147 ANÁLISIS DE RIESGO PARA EL HONGO Phytophthora ramorum .................. 164 ANÁLISIS DE RIESGO PARA Contarinia spp. ................................................ 183 ANÁLISIS DE RIESGO PARA Cylindrocopturus furnissi ................................. 198 ANÁLISIS DE RIESGO PARA EL HONGO Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii .......... 209 ANÁLISIS DE RIESGO PARA EL HONGO Phomopsis lokoyae ........................ 223 ANÁLISIS DE RIESGO PARA EL HONGO Rhabdocline .................................. 231 ANÁLISIS DE RIESGO PARA Adelges piceae ................................................. 244 ANÁLISIS DE RIESGO PARA Grovesiella abieticola ....................................... 257 ANÁLISIS DE RIESGO PARA EL COMPLEJO Mindarus ................................. 265 ANÁLISIS DE RIESGO PARA Paradiplosis tumifex ......................................... 274 ANÁLISIS DE RIESGO PARA Diprion similis .................................................. 282 ANÁLISIS DE RIESGO PARA Rhyacionia bouliana......................................... 294 ANÁLISIS DE RIESGO PARA Tomicus piniperda ............................................ 305 ANÁLISIS DE RIESGO PARA EL HONGO Cronartium ribicola ........................ 323 Resumen de calificaciones finales de riesgo .................................................. 340 ETAPA 3. Manejo del riesgo de plagas de importancia cuarentenaria en la importación de árboles de navidad a México .................................................... 343 Medidas de mitigación para cada especie evaluada ....................................... 344 MANEJO DEL RIESGO DE INTRODUCCIÓN DE Choristoneura fumiferana345 MANEJO DEL RIESGO DE INTRODUCCIÓN DE Choristoneura occidentalis ................................................................................................................. 348 MANEJO DEL RIESGO DE INTRODUCCIÓN DE Deroceras reticulatum ..... 351 MANEJO DEL RIESGO DE INTRODUCCIÓN DE Lymantria dispar raza europea ..................................................................................................... 353 MANEJO DEL RIESGO DE INTRODUCCIÓN DE Nalepella ednae y Epitrimerus pseudotsugae ......................................................................... 355 MANEJO DEL RIESGO DE INTRODUCCIÓN DE Orgyia pseudotsugata..... 358 MANEJO DEL RIESGO DE INTRODUCCIÓN DE Pissodes strobi ............... 362 MANEJO DEL RIESGO DE INTRODUCCIÓN DE Vespula germanica ......... 365 MANEJO DEL RIESGO DE INTRODUCCIÓN DE Phytophthora ramorum ... 367 MANEJO DEL RIESGO DE INTRODUCCIÓN DE Contarinia constricta y C. cuniculator ................................................................................................ 370 MANEJO DEL RIESGO DE INTRODUCCIÓN DE Cylindrocopturus furnisii . 373 MANEJO DEL RIESGO DE INTRODUCCIÓN DE Phaeocryptopus gaeumanii ................................................................................................................. 377 MANEJO DEL RIESGO DE INTRODUCCIÓN DE Phomopsis lokoyae ......... 380 ii Informe de ARP 2009 MANEJO DEL RIESGO DE INTRODUCCIÓN DEL COMPLEJO Rhabdocline pseudotsugae y R. weirii ............................................................................ 382 MANEJO DEL RIESGO DE INTRODUCCIÓN DE Adelges piceae................ 385 MANEJO DEL RIESGO DE INTRODUCCIÓN DE Grovesiella abieticola ...... 387 MANEJO DEL RIESGO DE INTRODUCCIÓN DEL COMPLEJO Mindarus .. 389 MANEJO DEL RIESGO DE INTRODUCCIÓN DE Paradiplosis tumifex ....... 392 MANEJO DEL RIESGO DE INTRODUCCIÓN DE Diprion similis................. 395 MANEJO DEL RIESGO DE INTRODUCCIÓN DE Rhyacionia bouliana ....... 398 MANEJO DEL RIESGO DE INTRODUCCIÓN DE Tomicus piniperda .......... 401 MANEJO DEL RIESGO DE INTRODUCCIÓN DE Cronartium ribicola ......... 403 Condición de plagas de importancia cuarentenaria en árboles cortados ....... 405 Condición de plagas de importancia cuarentenaria en árboles vivos en maceta, con raíz y sustrato artificial .......................................................................... 411 Conclusiones para la importación de árboles de navidad naturales cortados ... 417 Conclusiones para la importación de árboles de navidad naturales vivos en maceta. ............................................................................................................ 419 Manejo del riesgo de especies no analizadas individualmente. ......................... 419 ANEXOS .......................................................................................................... 421 iii Informe de ARP RESUMEN EJECUTIVO 2009 RESUMEN EJECUTIVO En este documento se presenta el análisis de riesgo de introducción de insectos y patógenos asociados a los árboles de navidad que se importan de Estados Unidos y de Canadá a México. Del total de organismos analizados se consideran 14 tipos de insectos (17 especies), 6 tipos de hongos
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